id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
4,782 | The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country's folk music traditions. Tina and tinga are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, initiat... | [
{
"answer": "gumbe",
"question": "What is sometimes used as a generic word for any music of Guinea-Bissau?"
},
{
"answer": "about ten",
"question": "Gumbe fuses how many of the country's folk music traditions?"
},
{
"answer": "Tina and tinga",
"question": "Other than gumbe, what are ... |
4,783 | Rice is a staple in the diet of residents near the coast and millet a staple in the interior. Fish, shellfish, fruits and vegetables are commonly eaten along with cereal grains, milk, curd and whey. The Portuguese encouraged peanut production. Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) and Macrotyloma geocarpum (Hausa groun... | [
{
"answer": "Rice",
"question": "What grain is a staple for residents near the coast of Guinea-Bissau?"
},
{
"answer": "millet",
"question": "What grain is a staple for residents in the interior of Guinea-Bissau?"
},
{
"answer": "The Portuguese",
"question": "Who encouraged peanut pr... |
4,784 | Common dishes include soups and stews. Common ingredients include yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain. Spices, peppers and chilis are used in cooking, including Aframomum melegueta seeds (Guinea pepper). | [
{
"answer": "soups and stews",
"question": "What are common dishes in Guinea-Bissau?"
},
{
"answer": "yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain",
"question": "What are common ingredients in Guinea-Bissau?"
},
{
"answer": "cooking",
"question": "What are spices, peppers ... |
4,785 | Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director; his most famous film is Nha Fala (English: My Voice). Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau. (The first feature film was N’tturudu, by director Umban u’Kest in 1987.) At FESPACO... | [
{
"answer": "Flora Gomes",
"question": "Who is an internationally renowned film director from Guinea-Bissau?"
},
{
"answer": "Nha Fala (English: My Voice)",
"question": "What is Flora Gomes' most famous film?"
},
{
"answer": "1987",
"question": "What year was the first feature film m... |
4,786 | This article covers numbered east-west streets in Manhattan, New York City. Major streets have their own linked articles; minor streets are discussed here. The streets do not run exactly east–west, because the grid plan is aligned with the Hudson River rather than with the cardinal directions. "West" is approximately 2... | [
{
"answer": "Hudson River",
"question": "What is the grid plan aligned with rather than the cardinal directions?"
},
{
"answer": "29",
"question": "In this article, how many degrees north of true west is \"West?\""
},
{
"answer": "east-west",
"question": "Does this article cover east... |
4,787 | The numbered streets carry crosstown traffic. In general, even-numbered streets are one-way eastbound and odd-numbered streets are one-way west. Several exceptions reverse this. Most wider streets carry two-way traffic, as do a few of the narrow ones. | [
{
"answer": "even-numbered",
"question": "Which streets are one-way eastbound?"
},
{
"answer": "west",
"question": "Odd-numbered streets are one-way in which direction?"
},
{
"answer": "two-way",
"question": "Do most wide streets carry one-way or two-way traffic?"
}
] |
4,788 | Streets' names change from West to East (for instance, East 10th Street to West 10th Street) at Broadway below 8th Street, and at Fifth Avenue from 8th Street and above. | [
{
"answer": "Streets' names change",
"question": "What happens at Broadway below 8th Street?"
},
{
"answer": "Streets' names change",
"question": "What happens at Fifth Avenue from 8th street and above?"
},
{
"answer": "West to East",
"question": "Do streets' names change from West t... |
4,789 | Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in the East Village, they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village, which already had streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. Streets that do continue farther west change direction before reaching the Hu... | [
{
"answer": "14th Street north",
"question": "The grid covers the length of the island from what starting point?"
},
{
"answer": "East Houston Street",
"question": "Which street do numbered streets begin just north of?"
},
{
"answer": "East Village",
"question": "In what village is E... |
4,790 | 220th Street is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island. Marble Hill is also within the borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street. However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street. The lowest number is East First Street—which runs in Alphabet City near Eas... | [
{
"answer": "220th Street",
"question": "What is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island?"
},
{
"answer": "228",
"question": "What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?"
},
{
"answer": "263",
"question": "What is the highest street number in the Bronx?... |
4,791 | East 1st Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue A and continues to Bowery. Peretz Square, a small triangular sliver park where Houston Street, First Street and First Avenue meet marks the spot where the grid takes hold. | [
{
"answer": "Peretz Square",
"question": "What is the spot where the grid takes hold called?"
},
{
"answer": "triangular",
"question": "What shape is the sliver park where Houston Street, First Street, and First Avenue meet?"
},
{
"answer": "East 1st Street",
"question": "Which stree... |
4,792 | East 2nd Street begins just North of East Houston Street at Avenue C and also continues to Bowery. The East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets is Avenue D, with East 6th Street continuing further Eastward and connecting to FDR Drive. | [
{
"answer": "FDR",
"question": "East 6th Street continues further Eastward and connects to which Drive?"
},
{
"answer": "Avenue D",
"question": "Where is the East end of East 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 7th Streets?"
},
{
"answer": "C",
"question": "Which Avenue is the starting location for E... |
4,793 | The west end of these streets is Bowery and Third Avenue, except for 3rd Street (formerly Amity Place; to Sixth Avenue) and 4th Street (to 13th Street), which extend west and north, respectively, into Greenwich Village. Great Jones Street connects East 3rd to West 3rd. | [
{
"answer": "Amity Place",
"question": "What name did 3rd Street previously hold?"
},
{
"answer": "Greenwich",
"question": "Which village do 3rd and 4th Street extend into?"
},
{
"answer": "Great Jones",
"question": "Which street connects East 3rd to West 3rd?"
},
{
"answer":... |
4,794 | East 5th Street goes west to Cooper Square, but is interrupted between Avenues B and C by The Earth School, Public School 364, and between First Avenue and Avenue A by the Village View Apartments. | [
{
"answer": "Village View",
"question": "Which Apartments interrupt East 5th Street between First Avenue and Avenue A?"
},
{
"answer": "364",
"question": "What is the Public School number that interrupts East 5th Street?"
},
{
"answer": "The Earth School",
"question": "Which school i... |
4,795 | 8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in... | [
{
"answer": "shopping",
"question": "West 8th Street is an important local street for what activity?"
},
{
"answer": "St Mark's Place",
"question": "8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?"
},
{
"answer": "Avenue D",
"question": "Where do 8th and 9th Streets begi... |
4,797 | 11th Street is in two parts. It is interrupted by the block containing Grace Church between Broadway and Fourth Avenue. East 11th streets runs from Fourth Avenue to Avenue C and runs past Webster Hall. West 11th Street runs from Broadway to West Street. 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the location of the Old Grapevine t... | [
{
"answer": "West 11th Street",
"question": "Which street runs from Broadway to West Street?"
},
{
"answer": "early 20th century",
"question": "When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished?"
},
{
"answer": "Old Grapevine",
"question": "11th Street and 6th Avenue was the home of what ... |
4,798 | 13th Street is in three parts. The first is a dead end from Avenue C. The second starts at a dead end, just before Avenue B, and runs to Greenwich Avenue, and the third part is from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue. | [
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "13th Street is divided into how many parts?"
},
{
"answer": "C",
"question": "The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "Greenwich Avenue",
"question": "Where does the second part of 13th Street end?"
},
{
... |
4,799 | 14th Street is a main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at Avenue C and ends at West Street. Its length is 3.4 km (2.1 mi). It has six subway stations: | [
{
"answer": "Avenue C",
"question": "Where does 14th Street begin?"
},
{
"answer": "West Street",
"question": "Where does 14th Street end?"
},
{
"answer": "six",
"question": "How many subway stations are on 14th Street?"
},
{
"answer": "2.1",
"question": "What is the leng... |
4,800 | 15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square. | [
{
"answer": "FDR Drive",
"question": "Where does 15th Street start?"
},
{
"answer": "16th Street",
"question": "Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C?"
},
{
"answer": "Stuyvesant",
"question": "16th Street pauses at which Square?"
},
{
"answe... |
4,801 | On 17th Street (40°44′08″N 73°59′12″W / 40.735532°N 73.986575°W / 40.735532; -73.986575), traffic runs one way along the street, from east to west excepting the stretch between Broadway and Park Avenue South, where traffic runs in both directions. It forms the northern borders of both Union Square (between Broadway ... | [
{
"answer": "runs in both directions",
"question": "What is unusual about the traffic between Broadway and Park Avenue South on 17th Street?"
},
{
"answer": "one way",
"question": "Does traffic on 17th Street generally run one way or two ways?"
},
{
"answer": "Composer",
"question": ... |
4,802 | 18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South. | [
{
"answer": "subway station",
"question": "What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line",
"question": "Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?"
},
{
"answer": "IRT Lexington Avenue Line",
"question": "Which train lin... |
4,803 | 20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from t... | [
{
"answer": "Avenue C",
"question": "Where does 10th Street start?"
},
{
"answer": "First",
"question": "At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin?"
},
{
"answer": "very wide",
"question": "What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?"
},
{
"ans... |
4,804 | Between Second and Third Avenues, 21st Street is alternatively known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way. Along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park, between Gramercy Park East and Gramercy Park West, 21st Street is known as Gramercy Park North. | [
{
"answer": "21st Street",
"question": "Which Street is also known as Police Officer Anthony Sanchez Way?"
},
{
"answer": "Gramercy Park North",
"question": "What is 21st Street known as along the northern perimeter of Gramercy Park?"
},
{
"answer": "Second and Third Avenues",
"quest... |
4,805 | 23rd Street is another main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at FDR Drive and ends at Eleventh Avenue. Its length is 3.1 km/1.9m. It has two-way travel. On 23rd Street there are five local subway stations: | [
{
"answer": "FDR Drive",
"question": "Where does 23rd Street begin?"
},
{
"answer": "Eleventh Avenue",
"question": "Where does 23rd Street end?"
},
{
"answer": "3.1 km",
"question": "What is the length of 23rd Street in kilometers?"
},
{
"answer": "two-way",
"question": "... |
4,806 | 24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fi... | [
{
"answer": "25th Street",
"question": "Which street is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "First Avenue",
"question": "Where does 24th street start?"
},
{
"answer": "Madison Square Park",
"question": "Which park is at the end of 24th Street... |
4,807 | 27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue. It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges. | [
{
"answer": "27th Street",
"question": "Which street does Club Row occur on?"
},
{
"answer": "Club Row",
"question": "Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges?"
},
{
"answer": "Club Row",
"question": "What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Ave... |
4,808 | In recent years, the nightclubs on West 27th Street have succumbed to stiff competition from Manhattan's Meatpacking District about fifteen blocks south, and other venues in downtown Manhattan. | [
{
"answer": "fifteen blocks",
"question": "How many blocks south of 27th Street is Manhattan's Meatpacking District?"
},
{
"answer": "nightclubs",
"question": "Which businesses on 27th Street face competition from other venues in dowtown Manhattan?"
},
{
"answer": "south",
"question"... |
4,809 | Heading east, 27th Street passes through Chelsea Park between Tenth and Ninth Avenues, with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) on the corner of Eighth. On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass ... | [
{
"answer": "Eighth",
"question": "The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "1928",
"question": "What year was the New York Life Building built?"
},
{
"answer": "Cass Gilbert",
"question": "Who designed the New York Life Bui... |
4,810 | 31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard, while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown, begins at the entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. On the East Side, both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips B... | [
{
"answer": "West Side Yard",
"question": "Where does 31st Street begin?"
},
{
"answer": "Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi",
"question": "Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?"
},
{
"answer": "Grolier Club",
"question": "Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd ... |
4,811 | 35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. Notable locations include East River Ferry, LaptopMD headquarters, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. | [
{
"answer": "FDR Drive",
"question": "Where does 35th Street begin?"
},
{
"answer": "Eleventh Avenue",
"question": "Where does 35th Street end?"
},
{
"answer": "35th Street",
"question": "On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit?"
},
{
"answer": "35th Street",
"ques... |
4,812 | A section of East 58th Street 40°45′40.3″N 73°57′56.9″W / 40.761194°N 73.965806°W / 40.761194; -73.965806 between Lexington and Second Avenues is known as Designers' Way and features a number of high end interior design and decoration establishments, including | [
{
"answer": "Designers' Way",
"question": "What is the section of East 58th Street between Lexington and Second Avenues known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Designers' Way",
"question": "Which section of Eat 58th Street features high end interior design and decoration establishments?"
},
{
"answer... |
4,813 | 90th Street is split into two segments. The first segment, West 90th Street begins at Riverside Drive and ends at Central Park West or West Drive, when it is open, in Central Park on the Upper West Side. The second segment of East 90th Street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park. When East Drive is c... | [
{
"answer": "East 90th Street",
"question": "Which street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park?"
},
{
"answer": "Our Lady of Good Counsel Church",
"question": "Which church is located on East 90th Street between Second and Third Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "Ruppert Towers"... |
4,814 | 112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. The street resumes at the eastern edge of Morningside Park and extends through Harlem before ending at First Avenue adjacent Thomas Jefferson Park in East Har... | [
{
"answer": "Morningside Heights",
"question": "Where does 112th Street start?"
},
{
"answer": "112th Street",
"question": "Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "112th Street",
"question": "Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint Jo... |
4,815 | 114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University’s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University’s largest. | [
{
"answer": "Butler Library",
"question": "Which library is Columbia University's largest?"
},
{
"answer": "Columbia University",
"question": "114th Street marks the southern boundary of which university's Morningside Heights Campus?"
},
{
"answer": "southern",
"question": "114th Str... |
4,816 | Above 114th Street between Amsterdam Avenue and Morningside Drive, there is a private indoor pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings on the campus of St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center. | [
{
"answer": "114th Street",
"question": "On which street is a private indoor pedestrian bridge between Amsterdam Avenue and Morningside Drive?"
},
{
"answer": "St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center",
"question": "Aove 114th Street is a private pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings from what ... |
4,817 | 40°48′27″N 73°57′18″W / 40.8076°N 73.9549°W / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem. It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center. It then runs east between the campuses of Barnard College and the Union Theological Seminary, then cross... | [
{
"answer": "Riverside Drive",
"question": "On which road does 120th Street begin?"
},
{
"answer": "120th Street",
"question": "The Interchurch Center is the start of which street?"
},
{
"answer": "120th Street",
"question": "Morningside Park interrupts which street?"
},
{
"a... |
4,818 | 40°48′32″N 73°57′14″W / 40.8088°N 73.9540°W / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park. | [
{
"answer": "Marcus Garvey",
"question": "Which memorial park divides 122nd Street?"
},
{
"answer": "Morningside Park",
"question": "Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park?"
},
{
"answer": "three",
"question": "How many segments is 122nd Street divided... |
4,819 | E 122nd Street runs four blocks (2,250 feet (690 m)) west from the intersection of Second Avenue and terminates at the intersection of Madison Avenue at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park. This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park (Fourth Avenue). | [
{
"answer": "four",
"question": "How many blocks west of Second Avenue does E 122nd Street run?"
},
{
"answer": "Marcus Garvey Memorial Park",
"question": "At which park does E 122nd Street end?"
},
{
"answer": "Madison Avenue",
"question": "At which intersection does E 122nd Street ... |
4,820 | W 122nd Street runs six blocks (3,280 feet (1,000 m)) west from the intersection of Mount Morris Park West at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and terminates at the intersection of Morningside Avenue at Morningside Park. This segment runs in the Mount Morris Historical District and crosses portions of Lenox Avenue (Sixth Av... | [
{
"answer": "Morningside Avenue",
"question": "At which intersection does W 122nd Street terminate?"
},
{
"answer": "Morningside Park",
"question": "At which park does W 122nd Street end?"
},
{
"answer": "six",
"question": "How many blocks west from the intersection of Mount Morris P... |
4,821 | W 122nd Street Seminary Row runs three blocks (1,500 feet (460 m)) west from the intersection of Amsterdam Avenue (Tenth Avenue) and terminates at the intersection of Riverside Drive. East of Amsterdam, Seminary Row bends south along Morningside Park and is resigned as Morningside Drive (Ninth Avenue). Seminary row run... | [
{
"answer": "Amsterdam Avenue",
"question": "What is another name for Tenth Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "Riverside Drive",
"question": "At which intersection does W 122nd Street end?"
},
{
"answer": "Morningside Drive",
"question": "What is another name for Ninth Avenue?"
},
{
"a... |
4,822 | Seminary Row is named for the Union Theological Seminary and the Jewish Theological Seminary which it touches. Seminary Row also runs by the Manhattan School of Music, Riverside Church, Sakura Park, Grant's Tomb, and Morningside Park. | [
{
"answer": "Jewish Theological",
"question": "Besides the Union Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?"
},
{
"answer": "Union Theological",
"question": "Other than the Jewish Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?"
},
{
"answer": "Semi... |
4,823 | 122nd Street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver by main character Travis Bickle as the location where a fellow cab driver is assaulted with a knife. The street and the surrounding neighborhood of Harlem is then referred to as "Mau Mau Land" by another character named Wizard, slang indicating it is a majority black a... | [
{
"answer": "Travis Bickle",
"question": "Who is the main character in Taxi Driver?"
},
{
"answer": "122nd Street",
"question": "What street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver as the location where a cab driver is assaulted?"
},
{
"answer": "Wizard",
"question": "Which character i... |
4,824 | 40°48′47″N 73°57′27″W / 40.813°N 73.9575°W / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swal... | [
{
"answer": "La Salle Street",
"question": "Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "Claremont",
"question": "La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "West Harlem",
... |
4,825 | 40°48′52″N 73°56′53″W / 40.814583°N 73.947944°W / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street runs east-west above Central Park and is located in Harlem just south of Hamilton Heights. The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound ... | [
{
"answer": "West 132nd Street",
"question": "There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "132nd Street",
"question": "The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "Park Avenu... |
4,826 | The 132nd Street Community Garden is located on 132nd Street between Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard and Malcolm X Boulevard. In 1997, the lot received a garden makeover; the Borough President's office funded the installation of a $100,000 water distribution system that keeps the wide variety of trees green. The gard... | [
{
"answer": "local residents",
"question": "Who takes care of the 132nd Street Community Garden?"
},
{
"answer": "Adam Clayton Powell Jr.",
"question": "The 132nd Street Community Garden is located between Malcom X Boulevard and what other Boulevard?"
},
{
"answer": "1997",
"question... |
4,827 | The Manhattanville Bus Depot (formerly known as the 132nd Street Bus Depot) is located on West 132nd and 133rd Street between Broadway and Riverside Drive in the Manhattanville neighborhood. | [
{
"answer": "Manhattanville Bus Depot",
"question": "What is the 132nd Street Bus Depot currently known as?"
},
{
"answer": "132nd Street Bus Depot",
"question": "What was the Manhattanville Bus Depot formerly known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Manhattanville",
"question": "In which neighbor... |
4,828 | 155th Street is a major crosstown street considered to form the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights. It is the northernmost of the 155 crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan. | [
{
"answer": "155",
"question": "How many crosstown streets are mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?"
},
{
"answer": "155th Street",
"question": "Which street is the northernmost of the streets mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?"
},
{
"answer": "155th Street",
"question"... |
4,829 | 155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, co... | [
{
"answer": "Riverside Drive",
"question": "Where does 155th Street start?"
},
{
"answer": "St. Nicholas",
"question": "155th Street crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and what other Avenue?"
},
{
"answer": "490",
"question": "How many meters long is the viaduct on which 155th Stree... |
4,830 | 181st Street is a major thoroughfare running through the Washington Heights neighborhood. It runs from the Washington Bridge in the east, to the Henry Hudson Parkway in the west, near the George Washington Bridge and the Hudson River. The west end is called Plaza Lafayette. | [
{
"answer": "Washington Heights",
"question": "181st Street runs through what neighborhood?"
},
{
"answer": "Plaza Lafayette",
"question": "What is the west end of 181st Street called?"
},
{
"answer": "west",
"question": "Does Plaza Lafayette refer to the east or west end of 181st St... |
4,831 | West of Fort Washington Avenue, 181st Street is largely residential, bordering Hudson Heights and having a few shops to serve the local residents. East of Fort Washington Avenue, the street becomes increasingly commercial, becoming dominated entirely by retail stores where the street reaches Broadway and continues as s... | [
{
"answer": "West",
"question": "In which direction is 181st Street largely residential?"
},
{
"answer": "East",
"question": "In which direction is 181st Street mostly commercial?"
},
{
"answer": "Fort Washington Avenue",
"question": "Which street marks the western boundary of the sh... |
4,832 | 181st Street is served by two New York City Subway lines; there is a 181st Street station at Fort Washington Avenue on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (A trains) and a 181st Street station at St. Nicholas Avenue on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (1 trains). The stations are about 500 metres (550 yd) from each other ... | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many subway lines serve 181st Street?"
},
{
"answer": "500",
"question": "How many metres apart are 181st Street's two subway stations?"
},
{
"answer": "Fort Washington Avenue",
"question": "On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Termina... |
4,833 | 187th Street crosses Washington Heights and running from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to Chittenden Avenue in the west near the George Washington Bridge and Hudson River. The street is interrupted by a long set of stairs east of Fort Washington Avenue leading to the Broadway valley. West of there, it is mostly lined... | [
{
"answer": "Chittenden Avenue",
"question": "187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west?"
},
{
"answer": "stairs",
"question": "What is 187th Street interrupted by?"
},
{
"answer": "Broadway valley",
"question": "Where do the stairs interrupti... |
4,834 | 187th Street intersects with, from East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Amsterdam Avenue, Audubon Avenue, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard and Chittenden Avenue. | [
{
"answer": "Laurel Hill Terrace",
"question": "Which is the eastmost intersection that 187th Street has?"
},
{
"answer": "Chittenden Avenue",
"question": "Which is the westernmost intersection that 187th Street has?"
},
{
"answer": "187th Street",
"question": "Wadsworth Avenue is in... |
4,835 | The many institutions on 187th Street include Mount Sinai Jewish Center, the Dombrov Shtiebel, and the uptown campus of Yeshiva University. The local public elementary school P.S. 187 is located on Cabrini Boulevard, just north of the eponymous 187th Street | [
{
"answer": "P.S. 187",
"question": "Which school is located on Cabrini Boulevard?"
},
{
"answer": "187th Street",
"question": "On what street is the Dombrov Shtiebel?"
},
{
"answer": "Yeshiva University",
"question": "Which University has a campus on 187th Street?"
},
{
"ans... |
4,836 | The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. Only a few invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, adult sea squirts and starfish do not have a brain; diffuse or localised nerve nets are present instead. The brain is located in the head, usually c... | [
{
"answer": "The brain",
"question": "What is the center of the nervous system in all creatures?"
},
{
"answer": "The brain",
"question": "What is the most complex organ in an animal's body?"
},
{
"answer": "15–33 billion",
"question": "In people, how many neurons make up the cerebra... |
4,837 | Physiologically, the function of the brain is to exert centralized control over the other organs of the body. The brain acts on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses t... | [
{
"answer": "The brain",
"question": "Hormones secreted are driven by what organ in the body?"
},
{
"answer": "reflexes",
"question": "What type of responsiveness can be used without a brain?"
},
{
"answer": "spinal cord or peripheral ganglia",
"question": "Reflexes only require one ... |
4,838 | The operations of individual brain cells are now understood in considerable detail but the way they cooperate in ensembles of millions is yet to be solved. Recent models in modern neuroscience treat the brain as a biological computer, very different in mechanism from an electronic computer, but similar in the sense tha... | [
{
"answer": "central processing unit (CPU)",
"question": "Which part of a computer does the brain most resemble?"
}
] |
4,839 | This article compares the properties of brains across the entire range of animal species, with the greatest attention to vertebrates. It deals with the human brain insofar as it shares the properties of other brains. The ways in which the human brain differs from other brains are covered in the human brain article. Sev... | [
{
"answer": "vertebrates",
"question": "Animals with a spine are called what?"
}
] |
4,840 | The shape and size of the brain varies greatly in different species, and identifying common features is often difficult. Nevertheless, there are a number of principles of brain architecture that apply across a wide range of species. Some aspects of brain structure are common to almost the entire range of animal species... | [
{
"answer": "invertebrates",
"question": "Animals without a spine are called what?"
}
] |
4,841 | The simplest way to gain information about brain anatomy is by visual inspection, but many more sophisticated techniques have been developed. Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, and then sliced apart for examination of the interi... | [
{
"answer": "visual inspection",
"question": "The easiest way to learn about brain anatomy is by what?"
},
{
"answer": "alcohol",
"question": "Brain tissue is naturally soft, but can be stiffened with what liquid?"
},
{
"answer": "grey matter, with a dark color, separated by areas of whi... |
4,843 | Axons transmit signals to other neurons by means of specialized junctions called synapses. A single axon may make as many as several thousand synaptic connections with other cells. When an action potential, traveling along an axon, arrives at a synapse, it causes a chemical called a neurotransmitter to be released. The... | [
{
"answer": "synapses",
"question": "Axons send signals to other neurons by junctions known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "receptor molecules",
"question": "The neurotansmitter binds to what of a target cell?"
},
{
"answer": "several thousand",
"question": "An axon can connect to how many... |
4,844 | Synapses are the key functional elements of the brain. The essential function of the brain is cell-to-cell communication, and synapses are the points at which communication occurs. The human brain has been estimated to contain approximately 100 trillion synapses; even the brain of a fruit fly contains several million. ... | [
{
"answer": "100 trillion synapses;",
"question": "How many synapses does the human brain supposedly contain?"
},
{
"answer": "several million",
"question": "The fruit fly has a brain that has how many synapses?"
},
{
"answer": "excitatory",
"question": "A synapse whose purpose is to... |
4,845 | Most of the space in the brain is taken up by axons, which are often bundled together in what are called nerve fiber tracts. A myelinated axon is wrapped in a fatty insulating sheath of myelin, which serves to greatly increase the speed of signal propagation. (There are also unmyelinated axons). Myelin is white, making... | [
{
"answer": "nerve fiber tracts",
"question": "Axons grouped together are known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "sheath of myelin",
"question": "An axon that can greatly increase speed of signals is wrapped in what?"
},
{
"answer": "white",
"question": "Myelin is what color in the brain?"
... |
4,847 | There are a few types of existing bilaterians that lack a recognizable brain, including echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs (a group of primitive flatworms). It has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether ... | [
{
"answer": "acoelomorphs",
"question": "A name for a group of primitive flatworms is what?"
},
{
"answer": "echinoderms, tunicates, and acoelomorphs",
"question": "Some bilaterians without a brain are what?"
}
] |
4,848 | Two groups of invertebrates have notably complex brains: arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods (octopuses, squids, and similar molluscs). The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the animal. Arthropods have a centra... | [
{
"answer": "arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, and others), and cephalopods",
"question": "Which two groups of invertebrates have complex brains?"
},
{
"answer": "parallel nerve cords",
"question": "Arthropods and cephalopods have brains that come from a pair of what?"
},
{
"a... |
4,849 | There are several invertebrate species whose brains have been studied intensively because they have properties that make them convenient for experimental work: | [
{
"answer": "invertebrate",
"question": "Which brains are easier to work on, vertebrates or invertebrates?"
}
] |
4,850 | The first vertebrates appeared over 500 million years ago (Mya), during the Cambrian period, and may have resembled the modern hagfish in form. Sharks appeared about 450 Mya, amphibians about 400 Mya, reptiles about 350 Mya, and mammals about 200 Mya. Each species has an equally long evolutionary history, but the brain... | [
{
"answer": "over 500 million years ago",
"question": "How long ago did the first vertebrate organisms appear?"
},
{
"answer": "Cambrian period",
"question": "During which scientific period did vertebrates appear?"
},
{
"answer": "450 Mya",
"question": "Sharks appeared at about how m... |
4,851 | Brains are most simply compared in terms of their size. The relationship between brain size, body size and other variables has been studied across a wide range of vertebrate species. As a rule, brain size increases with body size, but not in a simple linear proportion. In general, smaller animals tend to have larger br... | [
{
"answer": "larger",
"question": "Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey?"
},
{
"answer": "0.75",
"question": "In mammals, brain volume and body mass follows a power law with an exponent of what?"
},
{
"answer": "primates",
"question": "Which group of anim... |
4,852 | All vertebrate brains share a common underlying form, which appears most clearly during early stages of embryonic development. In its earliest form, the brain appears as three swellings at the front end of the neural tube; these swellings eventually become the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain (the prosencephalon, mes... | [
{
"answer": "prosencephalon",
"question": "The forebrain during development is known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "mesencephalon",
"question": "The midbrain during development is known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "rhombencephalon",
"question": "The hindbrain during development is known as w... |
4,853 | The brains of vertebrates are made of very soft tissue. Living brain tissue is pinkish on the outside and mostly white on the inside, with subtle variations in color. Vertebrate brains are surrounded by a system of connective tissue membranes called meninges that separate the skull from the brain. Blood vessels enter t... | [
{
"answer": "pinkish",
"question": "Brain tissue that is living is what color on the outside?"
},
{
"answer": "white",
"question": "The color of the brain inside is what?"
},
{
"answer": "meninges",
"question": "Brains are surrounded by what system of tissues?"
},
{
"answer":... |
4,854 | Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex ... | [
{
"answer": "Neuroanatomists",
"question": "People who study the anatomy of the central nervous system are known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "telencephalon",
"question": "The cerebral hemispheres of the brain are called what?"
},
{
"answer": "diencephalon",
"question": "The thalamus and... |
4,855 | Although the same basic components are present in all vertebrate brains, some branches of vertebrate evolution have led to substantial distortions of brain geometry, especially in the forebrain area. The brain of a shark shows the basic components in a straightforward way, but in teleost fishes (the great majority of e... | [
{
"answer": "teleost fishes",
"question": "The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes?"
},
{
"answer": "forebrain area",
"question": "Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species?"
}
] |
4,856 | The most obvious difference between the brains of mammals and other vertebrates is in terms of size. On average, a mammal has a brain roughly twice as large as that of a bird of the same body size, and ten times as large as that of a reptile of the same body size. | [
{
"answer": "twice as large",
"question": "A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a birds relative to body size?"
},
{
"answer": "ten times",
"question": "A mammal's brain is how many times larger than a reptiles relative to body size?"
},
{
"answer": "size.",
"question": "Th... |
4,857 | Size, however, is not the only difference: there are also substantial differences in shape. The hindbrain and midbrain of mammals are generally similar to those of other vertebrates, but dramatic differences appear in the forebrain, which is greatly enlarged and also altered in structure. The cerebral cortex is the par... | [
{
"answer": "The cerebral cortex",
"question": "What part of the brain most strongly differentiates mammals from other vertebrates?"
},
{
"answer": "pallium",
"question": "The three-layered structure covering the cerebrum in non-mammals is known as what?"
},
{
"answer": "neocortex or iso... |
4,858 | The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of... | [
{
"answer": "visual",
"question": "The superior colliculus is related to what sensual control of vertebrates?"
},
{
"answer": "(the neocerebellum",
"question": "The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what?"
},
{
"answer": "cerebral cortex",
"question": "The Neocerebel... |
4,859 | The brains of humans and other primates contain the same structures as the brains of other mammals, but are generally larger in proportion to body size. The most widely accepted way of comparing brain sizes across species is the so-called encephalization quotient (EQ), which takes into account the nonlinearity of the b... | [
{
"answer": "encephalization quotient (EQ)",
"question": "Comparing brain sizes among different creatures is used most commonly by what?"
},
{
"answer": "7-to-8 range",
"question": "What is the average EQ of a person?"
},
{
"answer": "2-to-3",
"question": "Primates have an EQ in what... |
4,860 | Most of the enlargement of the primate brain comes from a massive expansion of the cerebral cortex, especially the prefrontal cortex and the parts of the cortex involved in vision. The visual processing network of primates includes at least 30 distinguishable brain areas, with a complex web of interconnections. It has ... | [
{
"answer": "30",
"question": "Primates have a visual processing network of how many brain areas?"
},
{
"answer": "more than half",
"question": "The visual processing areas occupy how much of the surface of the neocortex or primates?"
},
{
"answer": "prefrontal cortex",
"question": "... |
4,862 | Once a neuron is in place, it extends dendrites and an axon into the area around it. Axons, because they commonly extend a great distance from the cell body and need to reach specific targets, grow in a particularly complex way. The tip of a growing axon consists of a blob of protoplasm called a growth cone, studded wi... | [
{
"answer": "protoplasm",
"question": "A growth cone of an axon is made up of a blob of what?"
},
{
"answer": "dendrites and an axon",
"question": "What two structures does a neuron extend when it is in place during development?"
}
] |
4,863 | In humans and many other mammals, new neurons are created mainly before birth, and the infant brain contains substantially more neurons than the adult brain. There are, however, a few areas where new neurons continue to be generated throughout life. The two areas for which adult neurogenesis is well established are the... | [
{
"answer": "neurons",
"question": "The infant brain contains more of what type of cells in the brain than the adult brain?"
},
{
"answer": "sense of smell",
"question": "The olfactory bulb is related to what sense?"
},
{
"answer": "dentate gyrus of the hippocampus",
"question": "Wha... |
4,864 | The functions of the brain depend on the ability of neurons to transmit electrochemical signals to other cells, and their ability to respond appropriately to electrochemical signals received from other cells. The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by a wide variety of biochemical and metabolic processes, m... | [
{
"answer": "neurotransmitters and receptors that take place at synapses",
"question": "The electrical properties of neurons are controlled by what?"
},
{
"answer": "electrochemical",
"question": "What type of signals do neurons transfer from one another?"
}
] |
4,865 | Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at synapses when an action potential activates them—neurotransmitters attach themselves to receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell, and thereby alter the electrical or chemical properties of the receptor molecules. With few exceptions, each neuro... | [
{
"answer": "synapses",
"question": "Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released at what part of the brain?"
},
{
"answer": "receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell",
"question": "What do neurotransmitters attach to?"
},
{
"answer": "Dale's principle",
"qu... |
4,866 | The two neurotransmitters that are used most widely in the vertebrate brain are glutamate, which almost always exerts excitatory effects on target neurons, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is almost always inhibitory. Neurons using these transmitters can be found in nearly every part of the brain. Because of t... | [
{
"answer": "gamma-aminobutyric acid",
"question": "GABA is the abbreviation for what?"
},
{
"answer": "gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)",
"question": "Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory?"
},
{
"answer": "glutamate,",
"question": "The neurostransmitter that usually ex... |
4,867 | There are dozens of other chemical neurotransmitters that are used in more limited areas of the brain, often areas dedicated to a particular function. Serotonin, for example—the primary target of antidepressant drugs and many dietary aids—comes exclusively from a small brainstem area called the Raphe nuclei. Norepineph... | [
{
"answer": "Raphe nuclei",
"question": "Serotonin comes from what part of the brain?"
},
{
"answer": "Serotonin",
"question": "Antidepressants typically affect what chemical of the brain?"
},
{
"answer": "Norepinephrine",
"question": "Which chemical of the brain is involved with aro... |
4,868 | As a side effect of the electrochemical processes used by neurons for signaling, brain tissue generates electric fields when it is active. When large numbers of neurons show synchronized activity, the electric fields that they generate can be large enough to detect outside the skull, using electroencephalography (EEG) ... | [
{
"answer": "electroencephalography",
"question": "An EEG of the brain stands for what?"
},
{
"answer": "magnetoencephalography",
"question": "MEG of the brain is an abbreviation of what?"
},
{
"answer": "EEG",
"question": "What type of test is used to tell that a brain is active eve... |
4,869 | All vertebrates have a blood–brain barrier that allows metabolism inside the brain to operate differently from metabolism in other parts of the body. Glial cells play a major role in brain metabolism by controlling the chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons, including levels of ions and nutrients. | [
{
"answer": "Glial cells",
"question": "What type of cells have a huge role in brain metabolism?"
},
{
"answer": "chemical composition of the fluid that surrounds neurons",
"question": "Glial cells control what inside the brain?"
}
] |
4,870 | Brain tissue consumes a large amount of energy in proportion to its volume, so large brains place severe metabolic demands on animals. The need to limit body weight in order, for example, to fly, has apparently led to selection for a reduction of brain size in some species, such as bats. Most of the brain's energy cons... | [
{
"answer": "glucose (i.e., blood sugar",
"question": "Where does the brain usually get most of its energy from inside the body?"
},
{
"answer": "20–25%",
"question": "The energy used for metabolism of the brain in humans is what percentage?"
},
{
"answer": "ketones",
"question": "Ot... |
4,871 | From an evolutionary-biological perspective, the function of the brain is to provide coherent control over the actions of an animal. A centralized brain allows groups of muscles to be co-activated in complex patterns; it also allows stimuli impinging on one part of the body to evoke responses in other parts, and it can... | [
{
"answer": "provide coherent control over the actions of an animal",
"question": "The function of the brain from an evolutionary-biological thought is what?"
}
] |
4,872 | The invention of electronic computers in the 1940s, along with the development of mathematical information theory, led to a realization that brains can potentially be understood as information processing systems. This concept formed the basis of the field of cybernetics, and eventually gave rise to the field now known ... | [
{
"answer": "1940s",
"question": "Computers were invented in what decade in history?"
},
{
"answer": "cybernetics",
"question": "Neuroscience spawned from what field of science in history?"
},
{
"answer": "John von Neumann's",
"question": "Who wrote the book, The Computer and the Bra... |
4,873 | The essence of the information processing approach is to try to understand brain function in terms of information flow and implementation of algorithms. One of the most influential early contributions was a 1959 paper titled What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain: the paper examined the visual responses of neurons ... | [
{
"answer": "1959",
"question": "The scientific paper, What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain was released in what year?"
},
{
"answer": "David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel",
"question": "Who won a Nobel Prize for the discovery that cells in the visual cortex of monkeys become active when sharp ... |
4,874 | Furthermore, even single neurons appear to be complex and capable of performing computations. So, brain models that don't reflect this are arguably too abstractive to be representative of brain operation; models that do try to capture this are very computationally expensive and arguably intractable with present computa... | [
{
"answer": "the Human Brain Project",
"question": "What is the project called that is trying to build a realistic, detailed computer model of the human brain?"
}
] |
4,875 | One of the primary functions of a brain is to extract biologically relevant information from sensory inputs. The human brain is provided with information about light, sound, the chemical composition of the atmosphere, temperature, head orientation, limb position, the chemical composition of the bloodstream, and more. I... | [
{
"answer": "bats",
"question": "What type of animal has a sense that adapted into sonar?"
},
{
"answer": "snakes",
"question": "What type of animal uses infrared heat to sense?"
},
{
"answer": "birds",
"question": "The group of animals that can detect magnetic fields is what?"
},
... |
4,876 | Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of sensory receptor cells travel into the spinal cord or brain, where they transmit their sign... | [
{
"answer": "retina",
"question": "Light-receptive neurons are located in what part of the eye?"
},
{
"answer": "cochlea",
"question": "Vibration-sensitive neurons are found in what part of the ear?"
},
{
"answer": "cerebral cortex",
"question": "Signals are sent from the thalamus to... |
4,877 | Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal... | [
{
"answer": "the eye,",
"question": "What part of the body is controlled by nuclei in the midbrain?"
},
{
"answer": "spinal cord and hindbrain",
"question": "All the muscles controlled by motor neurons in the body are controlled by what?"
}
] |
4,878 | The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor... | [
{
"answer": "the medulla and pons,",
"question": "Which motor areas of the brain control breathing and swallowing?"
},
{
"answer": "the medulla and pons",
"question": "At the lowest level of the brain and spinal cord, are what areas?"
},
{
"answer": "coordinating movements of the arms an... |
4,879 | In addition to all of the above, the brain and spinal cord contain extensive circuitry to control the autonomic nervous system, which works by secreting hormones and by modulating the "smooth" muscles of the gut. The autonomic nervous system affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, uri... | [
{
"answer": "autonomic nervous system",
"question": "The brain and spinal cord work together to control what system of the body?"
},
{
"answer": "autonomic nervous system",
"question": "What system in the body controls heart rate?"
},
{
"answer": "autonomic nervous system",
"question... |
4,880 | A key component of the arousal system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a tiny part of the hypothalamus located directly above the point at which the optic nerves from the two eyes cross. The SCN contains the body's central biological clock. Neurons there show activity levels that rise and fall with a period of abo... | [
{
"answer": "suprachiasmatic nucleus",
"question": "The SCN of the nervous system is an abbreviation for what?"
},
{
"answer": "the hypothalamus",
"question": "The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a small part of what part of the brain?"
},
{
"answer": "the suprachiasmatic nucleus",
"quest... |
4,881 | The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ... | [
{
"answer": "the reticular formation",
"question": "A group of neuron-clusters scattered in the core of the lower brain is called what?"
},
{
"answer": "the thalamus",
"question": "Reticular neurons transfer signals to what part of the brain?"
},
{
"answer": "state of coma",
"questio... |
4,882 | Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two types of sleep: REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM (non-REM, usual... | [
{
"answer": "REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM",
"question": "There are two types of sleep called what?"
},
{
"answer": "REM sleep",
"question": "What type of sleep involves dreaming?"
},
{
"answer": "REM, light NREM and deep NREM",
"question": "The three types of brain activity tha... |
4,883 | For any animal, survival requires maintaining a variety of parameters of bodily state within a limited range of variation: these include temperature, water content, salt concentration in the bloodstream, blood glucose levels, blood oxygen level, and others. The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment ... | [
{
"answer": "The ability of an animal to regulate the internal environment of its body",
"question": "Homeostasis is defined as what?"
},
{
"answer": "\"standing still\"",
"question": "Homeostasis is Greek for what phrase?"
},
{
"answer": "Claude Bernard",
"question": "The milieu int... |
4,884 | In vertebrates, the part of the brain that plays the greatest role is the hypothalamus, a small region at the base of the forebrain whose size does not reflect its complexity or the importance of its function. The hypothalamus is a collection of small nuclei, most of which are involved in basic biological functions. So... | [
{
"answer": "the forebrain",
"question": "The hypothalamus is located at the base of what?"
},
{
"answer": "the hypothalamus,",
"question": "In vertebrates, the most important part of the brain is what?"
},
{
"answer": "the hypothalamus,",
"question": "A collection of small nuclei at... |
4,885 | Most organisms studied to date utilize a reward–punishment mechanism: for instance, worms and insects can alter their behavior to seek food sources or to avoid dangers. In vertebrates, the reward-punishment system is implemented by a specific set of brain structures, at the heart of which lie the basal ganglia, a set o... | [
{
"answer": "basal ganglia",
"question": "A set of interconnected areas at the base of the forebrain is called what?"
},
{
"answer": "decisions",
"question": "The basal ganglia is thought to be the central location at which what are made?"
},
{
"answer": "dopamine",
"question": "Whic... |
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