id int64 0 18.9k | biography stringlengths 151 1.51k | qa listlengths 1 25 |
|---|---|---|
5,534 | In an attempt to curb air pollution in New Delhi, which gets worst during the winter, a temporary alternate-day travel scheme for cars using the odd- and even-numbered license plates system was announced by Delhi government in December 2015. In addition, trucks will be allowed to enter India's capital only after 11 p.m... | [
{
"answer": "winter",
"question": "In what season does New Delhi's air pollution worsen?"
},
{
"answer": "alternate-day travel",
"question": "What method was introduced in December 2015 to reduce New Delhi's air pollution?"
},
{
"answer": "11 p.m",
"question": "New Delhi's alternate-... |
5,535 | On December 16, 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until March 31, 2016. The court also order... | [
{
"answer": "December 16, 2015",
"question": "On what date did the Supreme Court of India enact restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to reduce pollution?"
},
{
"answer": "March 31, 2016",
"question": "The Supreme Court restricted registration of some vehicles with engines of 2000 cc and... |
5,536 | The national capital of India, New Delhi is jointly administered by both the Central Government of India and the local Government of Delhi, it is also the capital of the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. | [
{
"answer": "Delhi",
"question": "New Delhi is the capital of what National Capital Territory?"
},
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
"question": "What is the national capital of India?"
},
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
"question": "The local Government of Delhi and the Central Government of India ... |
5,537 | As of 2015, the government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes a chairperson, three members of New Delhi's Legislative Assembly, two members nominated by the Chief Minister of the NCT of Delhi and five members nominated by the central government. | [
{
"answer": "New Delhi's Legislative Assembly",
"question": "The government structure of the New Delhi Municipal Council includes three members from what government body?"
},
{
"answer": "the central government",
"question": "What government body is responsible for nominating five members to the... |
5,538 | The head of state of Delhi is the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Central government and the post is largely ceremonial, as the Chief Minister of the Union Territory of Delhi is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive ... | [
{
"answer": "Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi",
"question": "What is the official title of Delhi's head of state?"
},
{
"answer": "President of India",
"question": "Who is responsible for appointing the Lieutenant Governor of the Union Territory of Delhi?"
},
{
"answer... |
5,539 | New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi. | [
{
"answer": "New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC)",
"question": "What is the name of the municipal government by which New Delhi is governed?"
},
{
"answer": "Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD)",
"question": "What government body is responsible for administering other urban areas of the metropol... |
5,540 | Much of New Delhi, planned by the leading 20th-century British architect Edwin Lutyens, was laid out to be the central administrative area of the city as a testament to Britain's imperial pretensions. New Delhi is structured around two central promenades called the Rajpath and the Janpath. The Rajpath, or King's Way, s... | [
{
"answer": "Edwin Lutyens",
"question": "What British architect was responsible for designing much of New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "Rajpath and the Janpath",
"question": "What are the names of the two central promenades around which New Delhi is structured?"
},
{
"answer": "the Rajpath",
... |
5,541 | At the heart of the city is the magnificent Rashtrapati Bhavan (formerly known as Viceroy's House) which sits atop Raisina Hill. The Secretariat, which houses ministries of the Government of India, flanks out of the Rashtrapati Bhavan. The Parliament House, designed by Herbert Baker, is located at the Sansad Marg, whic... | [
{
"answer": "Rashtrapati Bhavan",
"question": "Formerly known as the Viceroy's House, which large building is located at the heart of New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "Viceroy's House",
"question": "The Rashtrapati Bhavan was formerly known by what name?"
},
{
"answer": "the Royal Crescent",
... |
5,542 | Indira Gandhi International Airport, situated to the southwest of Delhi, is the main gateway for the city's domestic and international civilian air traffic. In 2012-13, the airport was used by more than 35 million passengers, making it one of the busiest airports in South Asia. Terminal 3, which cost ₹96.8 billion (US$... | [
{
"answer": "Indira Gandhi International Airport",
"question": "What major airport is located to the southwest of Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "35 million",
"question": "Approximately how many passengers used Indira Gandhi Airport from 2012-2013?"
},
{
"answer": "₹96.8 billion",
"question"... |
5,543 | The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India. The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the a... | [
{
"answer": "1928",
"question": "The Delhi Flying Club was established in what year?"
},
{
"answer": "Safdarjung Airport",
"question": "When established in 1928, which airport served as the base of the Delhi Flying Club?"
},
{
"answer": "2002",
"question": "In what year did the gover... |
5,544 | In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International. The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers categ... | [
{
"answer": "2010",
"question": "In what year did Indira Gandhi International Airport earn an award for being forth best airport in the world in the 15-25 million category?"
},
{
"answer": "Airports Council International",
"question": "What organization is responsible for awarding Indira Gandhi ... |
5,545 | New Delhi has one of India's largest bus transport systems. Buses are operated by the state-owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), which owns largest fleet of compressed natural gas (CNG)-fueled buses in the world. Personal vehicles especially cars also form a major chunk of vehicles plying on New Delhi roads. New De... | [
{
"answer": "Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)",
"question": "What state-owned organization operates New Delhi's bus transport system?"
},
{
"answer": "compressed natural gas",
"question": "Delhi Transport Company owns the world's largest fleet of buses powered by what type of fuel?"
},
{
... |
5,546 | New Delhi is a major junction in the Indian railway network and is the headquarters of the Northern Railway. The five main railway stations are New Delhi railway station, Old Delhi, Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal and Sarai Rohilla. The Delhi Metro, a mass rapid transit system built and operate... | [
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
"question": "What Indian city is the headquarters of the Northern Railway?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many main stations of the Northern Railway serve the New Delhi area?"
},
{
"answer": "Delhi Metro Rail Corporation",
"question": "What organiza... |
5,547 | The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system serving New Delhi, Delhi, Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida, and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi Metro is the world's 12th largest metro system in terms of length. Delhi Metro was India's first modern public transportation system, which had revolutionised trave... | [
{
"answer": "189.63 kilometres",
"question": "What is the total length of the Delhi Metro?"
},
{
"answer": "142",
"question": "How many stations are there on the Delhi Metro?"
},
{
"answer": "The Delhi Metro",
"question": "What is the name of the world's 12 largest metro system by le... |
5,548 | Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Go... | [
{
"answer": "Delhi Metro Rail Corporation",
"question": "What organization operates the Delhi Metro system?"
},
{
"answer": "Ministry of Urban Development",
"question": "The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation operates under the administrative control of what government body?"
},
{
"answer": "P... |
5,549 | New Delhi has a population of 249,998. Hindi and Punjabi are the most widely spoken languages in New Delhi and the lingua franca of the city. English is primarily used as the formal language by business and government institutes. New Delhi has a literacy rate of 89.38% according to 2011 census, which is highest in Delh... | [
{
"answer": "249,998",
"question": "What is the population of New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "Hindi and Punjabi",
"question": "What are the most common languages spoken in New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "English",
"question": "What language is used for formal purposes by business and governm... |
5,550 | Hinduism is the religion of 79.8% of New Delhi's population. There are also communities of Muslims (12.9%), Sikhs (5.4%), Jains (1.1%) and Christians (0.9%) in Delhi. Other religious groups (2.5%) include Parsis, Buddhists and Jews. | [
{
"answer": "79.8%",
"question": "What percentage of New Delhi's population is Hindu?"
},
{
"answer": "Hinduism",
"question": "What is the most commonly practiced religion in New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "12.9%",
"question": "What percentage of New Delhi's population is Muslim?"
},
... |
5,551 | New Delhi is a cosmopolitan city due to the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural presence of the vast Indian bureaucracy and political system. The city's capital status has amplified the importance of national events and holidays. National events such as Republic Day, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti (Gandhi's birthday) ... | [
{
"answer": "Gandhi Jayanti",
"question": "What is the name of the holiday celebrated in India that occurs on Gandhi's Birthday?"
},
{
"answer": "15 August",
"question": "What is the date of India's Independence Day?"
},
{
"answer": "the Red Fort",
"question": "On Indian Independence... |
5,552 | Religious festivals include Diwali (the festival of light), Maha Shivaratri, Teej, Guru Nanak Jayanti, Baisakhi, Durga Puja, Holi, Lohri, Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, Christmas, Chhath Puja and Mahavir Jayanti. The Qutub Festival is a cultural event during which performances of musicians and dancers from all over India ar... | [
{
"answer": "Diwali",
"question": "What religious festival is also known as the festival of light?"
},
{
"answer": "The Qutub Festival",
"question": "What cultural event showcases dancers and musicians from all over India?"
},
{
"answer": "the Qutub Minar",
"question": "In what locat... |
5,553 | In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama. | [
{
"answer": "2007",
"question": "The Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in new Delhi in what year?"
},
{
"answer": "Buddha relics",
"question": "The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji contained what type of artifacts?"
},
{
"answer": "Nipponzan Myohoj... |
5,554 | The New Delhi town plan, like its architecture, was chosen with one single chief consideration: to be a symbol of British power and supremacy. All other decisions were subordinate to this, and it was this framework that dictated the choice and application of symbology and influences from both Hindu and Islamic architec... | [
{
"answer": "British power and supremacy",
"question": "The New Delhi town plan was chosen primarily to symbolize what?"
},
{
"answer": "Hindu and Islamic",
"question": "The New Delhi town plan was influenced by what type of architecture?"
},
{
"answer": "The New Delhi town plan",
"q... |
5,555 | It took about 20 years to build the city from 1911. Many elements of New Delhi architecture borrow from indigenous sources; however, they fit into a British Classical/Palladian tradition. The fact that there were any indigenous features in the design were due to the persistence and urging of both the Viceroy Lord Hardi... | [
{
"answer": "20 years",
"question": "Approximately how long did it take to build New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "British Classical/Palladian",
"question": "The architecture of New Delhi borrows from indigenous sources but fits into what tradition?"
},
{
"answer": "E.B. Havell",
"question... |
5,556 | New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August... | [
{
"answer": "15 August 1949",
"question": "On what date was the National Museum formally inaugurated?"
},
{
"answer": "200,000",
"question": "How many works of art currently reside in the National Museum?"
},
{
"answer": "Indian art",
"question": "The National Museum began in 1947 wi... |
5,557 | The India Gate built in 1931 was inspired by the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It is the national monument of India commemorating the 90,000 soldiers of the Indian Army who lost their lives while fighting for the British Raj in World War I and the Third Anglo-Afghan War. | [
{
"answer": "1931",
"question": "What year was the India Gate built?"
},
{
"answer": "Arc de Triomphe",
"question": "The Indian Gate was inspired by what Parisian monument?"
},
{
"answer": "90,000",
"question": "The India Gate commemorates how many soldiers of past wars?"
},
{
... |
5,558 | The Rajpath which was built similar to the Champs-Élysées in Paris is the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India located in New Delhi. The annual Republic Day parade takes place here on 26 January. | [
{
"answer": "the Champs-Élysées",
"question": "The Rajpath was constructed similarly to what famous Parisian street?"
},
{
"answer": "The Rajpath",
"question": "What is the name of the ceremonial boulevard for the Republic of India in New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "The Rajpath",
"questi... |
5,559 | Gandhi Smriti in New Delhi is the location where Mahatma Gandhi spent the last 144 days of his life and was assassinated on 30 January 1948. Rajghat is the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated on 31 January 1948 after his assassination and his ashes were buried and make it a final resting place beside the sanctity o... | [
{
"answer": "Gandhi Smriti",
"question": "In which location did Mahatma Gandhi spend the final 144 days of his life?"
},
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
"question": "In which city is the Gandhi Smriti located?"
},
{
"answer": "30 January 1948",
"question": "On which date was Mahatma Gandhi ... |
5,560 | Jantar Mantar located in Connaught Place was built by Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur. It consists of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables, and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets. | [
{
"answer": "Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur",
"question": "Who was responsible for constructing the Jantar Mantar?"
},
{
"answer": "Connaught Place",
"question": "In what area of New Delhi is the Jantar Mantar observatory located?"
},
{
"answer": "13",
"question": "The Jantar Mantar... |
5,561 | New Delhi is home to Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum, National Gallery of Modern Art, National Museum of Natural History, National Rail Museum, National Handicrafts and Handlooms Museum, National Philatelic Museum, Nehru Planetarium, Shankar's International Dolls Museum. and Supreme Court of India Museum. | [
{
"answer": "Shankar's International Dolls Museum",
"question": "What is the name of the doll themed museum located in New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "National Rail Museum",
"question": "What is the name of the major railroad related museum located in New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
... |
5,562 | New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along... | [
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
"question": "The Buddha Jayanti Park is located in which Indian city?"
},
{
"answer": "Jangpura Metro Station",
"question": "A notable New Delhi garden is located adjacent to what metro station?"
},
{
"answer": "spring",
"question": "The gardens of New Delhi ... |
5,563 | The city hosted the 2010 Commonwealth Games and annually hosts Delhi Half Marathon foot-race. The city has previously hosted the 1951 Asian Games and the 1982 Asian Games. New Delhi was interested in bidding for the 2019 Asian Games but was turned down by the government on 2 August 2010 amid allegations of corruption ... | [
{
"answer": "Commonwealth Games",
"question": "New Delhi played host to what major athletic competition in 2010?"
},
{
"answer": "1951",
"question": "New Delhi first hosted the Asian Games in what year?"
},
{
"answer": "1982",
"question": "The Asian Games were most recently held in N... |
5,564 | Major sporting venues in New Delhi include the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Ambedkar Stadium, Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, Feroz Shah Kotla Ground, R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex, Dhyan Chand National Stadium and Siri Fort Sports Complex. | [
{
"answer": "R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex",
"question": "What major tennis stadium is located in New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium",
"question": "What major sports venue in New Delhi bears the name of the former prime minister Indira Gandhi?"
},
{
"answer": "New Delh... |
5,565 | New Delhi is the largest commercial city in northern India. It has an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of ₹1595 billion (US$23 billion) in nominal terms and ~₹6800 billion (US$100 billion) in PPP terms. As of 2013, the per capita income of Delhi was Rs. 230000, second highest in India after Goa. GSDP in D... | [
{
"answer": "₹1595 billion",
"question": "What was the estimated net State Domestic Product of New Delhi for 2010?"
},
{
"answer": "Goa",
"question": "The per capita income of New Delhi was second only to what Indian municipality?"
},
{
"answer": "Rs 3.88 trillion",
"question": "What... |
5,566 | Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expand... | [
{
"answer": "Connaught Place",
"question": "What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "English",
"question": "New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language?"
},
... |
5,567 | The 2011 World Wealth Report ranks economic activity in New Delhi at 39, but overall the capital is ranked at 37, above cities like Jakarta and Johannesburg. New Delhi with Beijing shares the top position as the most targeted emerging markets retail destination among Asia-Pacific markets. | [
{
"answer": "39",
"question": "According to the 2011 World Health Report, where does New Delhi rank in terms of economic activity?"
},
{
"answer": "Beijing",
"question": "New Delhi shares the position as the most targeted retail destination in Asia-Pacific markets with what other city?"
},
{... |
5,568 | The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi does not release any economic figures specifically for New Delhi but publishes an official economic report on the whole of Delhi annually. According to the Economic Survey of Delhi, the metropolis has a net State Domestic Product (SDP) of Rs. 83,085 crores (for the ... | [
{
"answer": "The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi",
"question": "What government body is responsible for releasing the annual official economic report for Delhi?"
},
{
"answer": "16.2%",
"question": "New Delhi's Per Capita income grew by what percentage in 2009-10?"
},
{
... |
5,569 | The gross state domestic product (GSDP) of Delhi at current prices for the year 2011-12 has been estimated at Rs 3.13 lakh crore, which is an increase of 18.7 per cent over the previous fiscal. | [
{
"answer": "Rs 3.13 lakh crore",
"question": "What was the gross state domestic product of Delhi for 2011-12?"
},
{
"answer": "18.7",
"question": "The GSDP of Delhi increased by what percentage over the previous year in 2011-12?"
},
{
"answer": "2011-12",
"question": "In which fisca... |
5,570 | The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, W... | [
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
"question": "In what city is the Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology located?"
},
{
"answer": "New Delhi",
"question": "What major city is home to most regional UN offices in India?"
},
{
"answer": "UNDP",
"question": "What is one regional UN ... |
5,571 | Imamah (Arabic: إمامة) is the Shia Islam doctrine (belief) of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. The Shia believe that the Imams are the true Caliphs or rightful successors of Muhammad, and further that Imams are possessed of divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the ... | [
{
"answer": "Imams",
"question": "Who do the Shia believe are the rightful successors of Muhammad?"
},
{
"answer": "Imamah",
"question": "What is the Shia Islam doctrine of religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah?"
},
{
"answer": "their tariqa followers",
"question... |
5,572 | Shias believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith (Usul al-Din).As the verse 4:165 of quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets; so after the demise of the prophet who will play the role of the prophet; till the people have not any plea against Allah.So the same logic that necessitated the ... | [
{
"answer": "Shias",
"question": "Who believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith?"
},
{
"answer": "Ghadir Khumm",
"question": "On what day was Ali appointed as the prophet's successor?"
},
{
"answer": "4:165",
"question": "What verse in the quran expresses the necessity to the... |
5,573 | Within Shia Islam (Shiism), the various sects came into being because they differed over their Imams' successions, just as the Shia - Sunni separation within Islam itself had come into being from the dispute that had arisen over the succession to Muhammad. Each succession dispute brought forth a different tariqah (lite... | [
{
"answer": "they differed over their Imams' successions",
"question": "Why did different sects come about within Shiism?"
},
{
"answer": "Shia - Sunni",
"question": "What great separation came to be from a dispute over the succession to Muhammad?"
},
{
"answer": "its own particular Imam... |
5,575 | The word "Imām" denotes a person who stands or walks "in front". For Sunni Islam, the word is commonly used to mean a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque. It also means the head of a madhhab ("school of thought"). However, from the Shia point of view this is merely the basic understanding of the word in... | [
{
"answer": "Imām",
"question": "What word literally means a person who stands or walks in front?"
},
{
"answer": "a person who leads the course of prayer in the mosque",
"question": "For Sunni Islam, what does the word Imam commonly mean?"
},
{
"answer": "school of thought",
"questi... |
5,576 | Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia group (as opposed to the Sunni group) in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the... | [
{
"answer": "Shia",
"question": "What group do the Shia tariqahs belong to?"
},
{
"answer": "Occultation",
"question": "What has happened to some of the Shia tariqahs last Imams?"
},
{
"answer": "Shia Nizari Ismailis",
"question": "Who deny the concept of Occulation?"
},
{
"a... |
5,578 | The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in n... | [
{
"answer": "the \"Shia\"",
"question": "In Shia tariqah, what are the Twelvers commonly known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Ismailis",
"question": "What are the Nizari Ismailis more commonly known as?"
},
{
"answer": "Bohras",
"question": "What are the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as?"
... |
5,579 | During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their conce... | [
{
"answer": "via deputies",
"question": "How did al-Mahdi maintain contact during his Occultation?"
},
{
"answer": "acted as agents between him and his followers",
"question": "How did deputies represent al-Mahdi?"
},
{
"answer": "write their concerns and send them to his deputy",
"q... |
5,580 | The Ismailis differ from Twelvers because they had living imams for centuries after the last Twelver Imam went into concealment. They followed Isma'il ibn Jafar, elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim, as the rightful Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Ismailis believe that whether Imam Ismail did or did not die befor... | [
{
"answer": "living imams",
"question": "How do Ismailis differ from Twelvers?"
},
{
"answer": "Isma'il ibn Jafar",
"question": "Who is the elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim?"
},
{
"answer": "Ja'far al-Sadiq",
"question": "Who is the father of Isma'il ibn Jafar?"
},
{
"answer":... |
5,581 | The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali. After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day. In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-... | [
{
"answer": "Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra",
"question": "What are the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims also known as?"
},
{
"answer": "went into a Dawr-e-Satr",
"question": "What do Bohras believe happened to Taiyab abi al-qasim?"
},
{
"answer": "Dai-al-Mutlaq",
"question": "Who are the Bohras l... |
5,583 | By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position... | [
{
"answer": "2:124",
"question": "By what Quran verse to Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position?"
},
{
"answer": "no age can be without an Imam",
"question": "What does the Quran verse 17:71 say?"
},
{
"answer": "God",
"question": "Imamah is a position appointed by who?"
},... |
5,584 | According to the majority of Shī'a, namely the Twelvers (Ithnā'ashariyya), the following is a listing of the rightful successors to Muḥammad. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam except for Hussayn ibn 'Alī, who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Alī.The belief in this succession to Muḥammad stems from various Qurani... | [
{
"answer": "Hussayn ibn 'Alī",
"question": "Who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Ali?"
},
{
"answer": "son",
"question": "Usually, how has each Imam been related to the previous Imam?"
},
{
"answer": "Genesis 17:19–20",
"question": "What bible verse do Shia use to support their belief... |
5,585 | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | [
{
"answer": "the northern hemisphere",
"question": "Where does migration mainly occur?"
},
{
"answer": "availability of food",
"question": "Why do birds primarily migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "Many species",
"question": "Which birds migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "the regular seasonal ... |
5,586 | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | [
{
"answer": "3,000 years ago",
"question": "When was migration first recorded?"
},
{
"answer": "Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job",
"question": "Who recorded the earliest records of migration?"
},
{
"answer": "Finland",
"question": "Where was Johannes Leche from?"
},
{
... |
5,587 | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | [
{
"answer": "The Arctic tern",
"question": "Which birds migrate the furthest?"
},
{
"answer": "between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic",
"question": "Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year?"
},
{
"answer": "between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean",
... |
5,588 | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | [
{
"answer": "changes in day length",
"question": "What causes the timing of migration?"
},
{
"answer": "celestial cues from the sun and stars",
"question": "How do migrating birds navigate?"
},
{
"answer": "the earth's magnetic field",
"question": "How else to migrating birds navigat... |
5,589 | Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah... | [
{
"answer": "Ancient Greek writers",
"question": "Who recorded early records of migration?"
},
{
"answer": "the Book of Job (39:26)",
"question": "Where in the bible does it mention migration?"
},
{
"answer": "hawk",
"question": "What bird is mentioned in the book of Job?"
}
] |
5,590 | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | [
{
"answer": "Aristotle",
"question": "Who noted that cranes traveled from Scythia to the Nile?"
},
{
"answer": "Pliny the Elder",
"question": "Who repeats Aristotle's observations?"
},
{
"answer": "in his Historia Naturalis",
"question": "Where did Pliny the Elder repeat Aristotle's ... |
5,591 | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | [
{
"answer": "swallows",
"question": "Which bird did Aristotle believe hibernated?"
},
{
"answer": "1878",
"question": "Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist?"
},
{
"answer": "Elliott Coues",
"question": "Who wrote 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swall... |
5,592 | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | [
{
"answer": "the end of the eighteenth century",
"question": "When was migration finally accepted?"
},
{
"answer": "Thomas Bewick",
"question": "Who wrote A History of British Birds?"
},
{
"answer": "1797",
"question": "What year was Thomas Bewick's book published?"
},
{
"ans... |
5,593 | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | [
{
"answer": "Bewick",
"question": "Who describes an experiment with swallows?"
},
{
"answer": "Britain",
"question": "Where did this experiment take place?"
},
{
"answer": "they remained warm and dry through the winters",
"question": "How did the experiment succeed?"
},
{
"an... |
5,594 | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | [
{
"answer": "response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather",
"question": "Why do birds migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "resident or sedentary",
"question": "What are non=migratory birds called?"
},
{
"answer": "10,000",
"question": "How many species of birds are there?"
},... |
5,595 | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | [
{
"answer": "a flyway",
"question": "Along where do many birds migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "south",
"question": "What is the most common directionof migration in autumn?"
},
{
"answer": "flying north",
"question": "What is the most common pattern of migration in the spring?"
},
{
... |
5,596 | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | [
{
"answer": "food",
"question": "What is the primary motivation for migration?"
},
{
"answer": "hummingbirds",
"question": "Which birds will not migrate if they are well fed through winter?"
},
{
"answer": "autumn",
"question": "When do the birds return to warmer regions?"
},
{
... |
5,597 | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | [
{
"answer": "Predation",
"question": "What is hightened during migration?"
},
{
"answer": "Mediterranean islands",
"question": "Where do Eleonora's falcon breed?"
},
{
"answer": "southbound passerine migrants",
"question": "What do Eleonora's falcon feed their young?"
},
{
"a... |
5,598 | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | [
{
"answer": "not all populations may be migratory",
"question": "What is partial migration?"
},
{
"answer": "the southern continents",
"question": "Where is partial migration most common?"
},
{
"answer": "44%",
"question": "In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partia... |
5,599 | Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do. | [
{
"answer": "Female",
"question": "Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier?"
},
{
"answer": "Eastern Fennoscandia",
"question": "Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from?"
},
{
"answer": "autumn",
"question": "When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migra... |
5,600 | Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as... | [
{
"answer": "the birds starting off in a broad front",
"question": "How do most migrations begin?"
},
{
"answer": "mountain ranges or coastlines",
"question": "What to the migrating birds usually follow?"
},
{
"answer": "large stretches of open water",
"question": "What obsticals wil... |
5,601 | Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than ... | [
{
"answer": "in flocks",
"question": "How do most birds migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "12–20%",
"question": "How much energy do geese conserve flying in a flock?"
},
{
"answer": "3.1 mph",
"question": "How much faster do Red knots and dunlins fly in a flock?"
},
{
"answer": "energ... |
5,602 | Birds fly at varying altitudes during migration. An expedition to Mt. Everest found skeletons of northern pintail Anas acuta and black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa at 5,000 m (16,000 ft) on the Khumbu Glacier. Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossin... | [
{
"answer": "skeletons",
"question": "What part of birds was found on an expedition to Mt. Everest?"
},
{
"answer": "Bar-headed geese Anser indicus",
"question": "Which birds have the highest rates of climb to altitude?"
},
{
"answer": "Seabirds",
"question": "What kind of birds fly ... |
5,603 | Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake lo... | [
{
"answer": "by swimming",
"question": "How do penguins migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "over 1,000 km",
"question": "How far do penguins travel when they migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "mostly by walking",
"question": "How do Dusky grouse migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "on foot",
"question... |
5,604 | The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds, such as swallows (Hirundinidae) and birds of prey, making long flights to the tropics. However, many Holarctic wildfowl and finch (Fringillidae) species winter in the North Temperate Zone, in regions with milder winters than their summer breeding grounds. For exa... | [
{
"answer": "from Iceland to Britain",
"question": "Where do the pink-footed goose migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "arctic climates to the contiguous United States",
"question": "Where do the dark-eyed junco migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "Asia and Europe",
"question": "Where do the European pied... |
5,605 | Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ra... | [
{
"answer": "an hooked or arched line",
"question": "What route does a migrating bird usually follow?"
},
{
"answer": "large water bodies or high mountain ranges",
"question": "What geographical barriers to land birds try to avoid?"
},
{
"answer": "the lack of stopover or feeding sites",... |
5,606 | The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for ex... | [
{
"answer": "a large area of land without bodies of water",
"question": "What do water birds avoid while migrating?"
},
{
"answer": "the Taymyr Peninsula",
"question": "Where do brent geese migrate from?"
},
{
"answer": "the Wadden Sea",
"question": "Where do brent geese migrate to?"... |
5,607 | A similar situation occurs with waders (called shorebirds in North America). Many species, such as dunlin Calidris alpina and western sandpiper Calidris mauri, undertake long movements from their Arctic breeding grounds to warmer locations in the same hemisphere, but others such as semipalmated sandpiper C. pusilla tra... | [
{
"answer": "shorebirds",
"question": "What are waders called in North America?"
},
{
"answer": "warmer locations in the same hemisphere",
"question": "Where do dunlin Calidris alpina migrate to?"
},
{
"answer": "the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere",
"question": "Where do semiplam... |
5,608 | For some species of waders, migration success depends on the availability of certain key food resources at stopover points along the migration route. This gives the migrants an opportunity to refuel for the next leg of the voyage. Some examples of important stopover locations are the Bay of Fundy and Delaware Bay. | [
{
"answer": "the availability of certain key food resources",
"question": "What does successful migration depend on for some waders?"
},
{
"answer": "stopover points along the migration route",
"question": "Where do migrants refuel?"
},
{
"answer": "the Bay of Fundy",
"question": "Wh... |
5,609 | Some bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica have the longest known non-stop flight of any migrant, flying 11,000 km from Alaska to their New Zealand non-breeding areas. Prior to migration, 55 percent of their bodyweight is stored as fat to fuel this uninterrupted journey. | [
{
"answer": "bar-tailed godwits",
"question": "Which bird has the longest migration?"
},
{
"answer": "11,000 km",
"question": "How far do bar-tailed godwits travel to migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "Alaska",
"question": "Where do bar-tailed godwits migrate from"
},
{
"answer": "New... |
5,610 | Seabird migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl. Some, such as the black guillemot Cepphus grylle and some gulls, are quite sedentary; others, such as most terns and auks breeding in the temperate northern hemisphere, move varying distances south in the northern winter. The Arctic tern Ster... | [
{
"answer": "The Arctic tern",
"question": "Which seabird has the longest-distance migration?"
},
{
"answer": "The Arctic tern",
"question": "Which bird sees more daylight than any other during migration?"
},
{
"answer": "three months",
"question": "How long did one Arctic tern take ... |
5,611 | The most pelagic species, mainly in the 'tubenose' order Procellariiformes, are great wanderers, and the albatrosses of the southern oceans may circle the globe as they ride the "roaring forties" outside the breeding season. The tubenoses spread widely over large areas of open ocean, but congregate when food becomes av... | [
{
"answer": "pelagic",
"question": "Which species are great wanderers?"
},
{
"answer": "8 million km",
"question": "How far did a Manx shearwater fly over it's lifespan?"
},
{
"answer": "Manx shearwater",
"question": "Which bird broke a record in how far it flew over it's life?"
},... |
5,613 | Many of the smaller insectivorous birds including the warblers, hummingbirds and flycatchers migrate large distances, usually at night. They land in the morning and may feed for a few days before resuming their migration. The birds are referred to as passage migrants in the regions where they occur for short durations ... | [
{
"answer": "usually at night",
"question": "When do many insectivorous birds migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "smaller insectivorous birds",
"question": "Which kinds of birds land for a few days before resuming migration?"
},
{
"answer": "passage migrants",
"question": "What are smaller ins... |
5,614 | Nocturnal migrants minimize predation, avoid overheating, and can feed during the day. One cost of nocturnal migration is the loss of sleep. Migrants may be able to alter their quality of sleep to compensate for the loss. | [
{
"answer": "minimize predation",
"question": "What is a benefit of nocturnal migration?"
},
{
"answer": "loss of sleep",
"question": "What is a cost of nocturnal migration?"
},
{
"answer": "Migrants may be able to alter their quality of sleep",
"question": "How do nocturnal migrants... |
5,615 | Many long-distance migrants appear to be genetically programmed to respond to changing day length. Species that move short distances, however, may not need such a timing mechanism, instead moving in response to local weather conditions. Thus mountain and moorland breeders, such as wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria and whi... | [
{
"answer": "respond to changing day length",
"question": "What are many long distance migrants genetically programmed to do?"
},
{
"answer": "response to local weather conditions",
"question": "How do species that move short distances know when to migrate?"
},
{
"answer": "to escape the... |
5,616 | Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere. | [
{
"answer": "two",
"question": "How many evolutionary origins do short distance passerine migrants have?"
},
{
"answer": "the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita",
"question": "Which species have long-distance migrants in the same family?"
},
{
"answer": "to stay in the northern hem... |
5,617 | Species that have no long-distance migratory relatives, such as the waxwings Bombycilla, are effectively moving in response to winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food, rather than enhanced breeding opportunities. | [
{
"answer": "the waxwings Bombycilla",
"question": "What species has no long-distance migratory relatives?"
},
{
"answer": "winter weather and the loss of their usual winter food",
"question": "What are the waxwings Bombycilla moving in response to?"
},
{
"answer": "enhanced breeding opp... |
5,618 | In the tropics there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, and it is always warm enough for a food supply, but altitudinal migration occurs in some tropical birds. There is evidence that this enables the migrants to obtain more of their preferred foods such as fruits. | [
{
"answer": "In the tropics",
"question": "Where is there little variation in the length of day throughout the year?"
},
{
"answer": "to obtain more of their preferred foods",
"question": "Why does altitudinal migration occur in some tropical birds?"
},
{
"answer": "fruits",
"questio... |
5,619 | Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range. Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in... | [
{
"answer": "a good breeding season followed by a food source failure",
"question": "For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range?"
},
{
"answer": "five",
"question": "How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain in the nineteeth century?"
},
{
"answer": "18",
... |
5,620 | Bird migration is primarily, but not entirely, a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon. This is because land birds in high northern latitudes, where food becomes scarce in winter, leave for areas further south (including the Southern Hemisphere) to overwinter, and because the continental landmass is much larger in the Norther... | [
{
"answer": "Northern",
"question": "In which hemisphere does bird migration primarily happen?"
},
{
"answer": "south",
"question": "Where do birds from high northern latitutes migrate to?"
},
{
"answer": "food becomes scarce",
"question": "Why do birds migrate south in winter?"
},... |
5,621 | The control of migration, its timing and response are genetically controlled and appear to be a primitive trait that is present even in non-migratory species of birds. The ability to navigate and orient themselves during migration is a much more complex phenomenon that may include both endogenous programs as well as le... | [
{
"answer": "a primitive trait",
"question": "What controls a birds migration?"
},
{
"answer": "endogenous programs as well as learning",
"question": "How do birds navigate and orient themselves during migration?"
},
{
"answer": "migration",
"question": "What is a primitive trait pre... |
5,622 | The primary physiological cue for migration are the changes in the day length. These changes are also related to hormonal changes in the birds. In the period before migration, many birds display higher activity or Zugunruhe (German: migratory restlessness), first described by Johann Friedrich Naumann in 1795, as well a... | [
{
"answer": "changes in the day length",
"question": "What is the primary cue for migration?"
},
{
"answer": "higher activity",
"question": "How do birds act in the period before migration?"
},
{
"answer": "migratory restlessness",
"question": "What does Zugunruhe mean in English?"
... |
5,623 | In polygynous species with considerable sexual dimorphism, males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females. This is termed protandry. | [
{
"answer": "protandry",
"question": "What is it called when males return earlier to the breeding sites than females?"
},
{
"answer": "males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites",
"question": "What happens in polygynous species with sexual dimophism?"
},
{
"answer": "sexual dimor... |
5,624 | Navigation is based on a variety of senses. Many birds have been shown to use a sun compass. Using the sun for direction involves the need for making compensation based on the time. Navigation has also been shown to be based on a combination of other abilities including the ability to detect magnetic fields (magnetocep... | [
{
"answer": "a variety of senses",
"question": "What is navigation based on?"
},
{
"answer": "sun",
"question": "What do many birds use as a compass?"
},
{
"answer": "the need for making compensation based on the time",
"question": "What does using the sun for direction involve?"
}... |
5,625 | Long distance migrants are believed to disperse as young birds and form attachments to potential breeding sites and to favourite wintering sites. Once the site attachment is made they show high site-fidelity, visiting the same wintering sites year after year. | [
{
"answer": "as young birds",
"question": "When do long distance migrants disperse?"
},
{
"answer": "potential breeding sites",
"question": "What do young birds form attachments to?"
},
{
"answer": "wintering sites",
"question": "What else do young birds form attachments to?"
},
... |
5,626 | The ability of birds to navigate during migrations cannot be fully explained by endogenous programming, even with the help of responses to environmental cues. The ability to successfully perform long-distance migrations can probably only be fully explained with an accounting for the cognitive ability of the birds to re... | [
{
"answer": "making corrections for wind drift",
"question": "What are older migrating birds better at?"
},
{
"answer": "Satellite",
"question": "How was the migrating of ospretys and honey buzzards tracked?"
},
{
"answer": "recognize habitats and form mental maps",
"question": "What... |
5,627 | Migratory birds may use two electromagnetic tools to find their destinations: one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience. A young bird on its first migration flies in the correct direction according to the Earth's magnetic field, but does not know how far the journey will be. It does this through... | [
{
"answer": "one that is entirely innate and another that relies on experience",
"question": "What two electromagnetic tools do birds use to find their destinations?"
},
{
"answer": "between the eye and \"Cluster N\"",
"question": "Where is the neural connection that is active during migration l... |
5,628 | Migrating birds can lose their way and appear outside their normal ranges. This can be due to flying past their destinations as in the "spring overshoot" in which birds returning to their breeding areas overshoot and end up further north than intended. Certain areas, because of their location, have become famous as wat... | [
{
"answer": "flying past their destinations",
"question": "How can migrating birds lose their way?"
},
{
"answer": "spring overshoot",
"question": "What is flying past their destinations called?"
},
{
"answer": "Point Pelee National Park",
"question": "What location has become famous... |
5,629 | Reverse migration, where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly, can lead to rarities turning up as vagrants thousands of kilometres out of range. | [
{
"answer": "Reverse migration",
"question": "What is it called when the genetic programing of young birds fail?"
},
{
"answer": "where the genetic programming of young birds fails to work properly",
"question": "What is reverse migration?"
},
{
"answer": "rarities turning up as vagrants... |
5,630 | A related phenomenon called "abmigration" involves birds from one region joining similar birds from a different breeding region in the common winter grounds and then migrating back along with the new population. This is especially common in some waterfowl, which shift from one flyway to another. | [
{
"answer": "abmigration",
"question": "What is it called when birds from one region join birds from a different region?"
},
{
"answer": "waterfowl",
"question": "What kind of bird is most likely to abmigrate?"
},
{
"answer": "the new population",
"question": "Who do abmigrating bird... |
5,631 | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | [
{
"answer": "to teach a migration route to a flock of birds",
"question": "What is a re-introduction scheme?"
},
{
"answer": "microlight aircraft",
"question": "What did they use to teach birds a migration route?"
},
{
"answer": "whooping cranes",
"question": "Which birds did they re... |
5,632 | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | [
{
"answer": "their metabolism",
"question": "What do birds need to change to meet the demands of migration?"
},
{
"answer": "usually once a year",
"question": "How often do birds molt?"
},
{
"answer": "through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep",
"question": "How do bir... |
5,633 | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | [
{
"answer": "independently",
"question": "How was migration developed?"
},
{
"answer": "Migration in birds",
"question": "What is highly labile?"
},
{
"answer": "genetic control",
"question": "What causes the behavioral adaptations necessary for migration?"
},
{
"answer": "ge... |
5,634 | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | [
{
"answer": "20%",
"question": "What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive?"
},
{
"answer": "a bird that loads itself with food",
"question": "What kind of bird flies less efficiently?"
},
{
"answer": "Swainson's thrush",
"question": "What type of bird show ci... |
5,635 | Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations. | [
{
"answer": "climatic changes",
"question": "What is expected to have an effect on migration timing?"
},
{
"answer": "timing changes in migration",
"question": "What have studies shown regarding climate change?"
},
{
"answer": "breeding as well as population variations",
"question": ... |
5,636 | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | [
{
"answer": "ectoparasites such as ticks and lice",
"question": "What other species does migration help?"
},
{
"answer": "import of pet and domestic birds",
"question": "What is a greater threat of disease transmission?"
},
{
"answer": "bird migration",
"question": "What has been stu... |
5,637 | Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders. | [
{
"answer": "Greater noctule bats",
"question": "Who takes advantage of migrating birds?"
},
{
"answer": "nocturnal migrating passerines",
"question": "What do greater noctule bats feed on?"
},
{
"answer": "migrating waders",
"question": "What do some birds of prey specialize on?"
... |
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