title stringlengths 3 83 | links list | pid stringlengths 3 6 | text stringlengths 549 8.52k | questions list |
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P. T. Forsyth | [
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... | p_100 | An early interest in critical theology made him suspect to some more 'orthodox' Christians. However, he increasingly came to the conclusion that liberal theology failed to account adequately for the moral problem of the guilty conscience. This led him to a moral crisis which he found resolved in the atoning work of Christ. The experience helped to shape and inform a vigorous interest in the issues of holiness and atonement. Although Forsyth rejected many of his earlier liberal leanings he retained many of Adolf von Harnack's criticisms of Chalcedonian Christology. This led him to expound a kenotic doctrine of the incarnation (clearly influenced by Bishop Charles Gore and Thomasius). Where he differed from other kenotic theologies of the atonement was the claim that Christ did not give up his divine attributes but condensed them; i.e., the incarnation was the expression of God's omnipotence rather than its negation. His theology and attack on liberal Christianity can be found in his most famous work, The Person and Place of Christ (1909), which anticipated much of the neo-orthodox theology of the next generation. He has sometimes been coined the 'Barthian before Barth', but this fails to account for many areas of divergence with the Swiss theologian's thought.
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Bridgett Zehr | [
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"target... | p_101 | Born in Sarasota, Florida, Zehr trained from the age of seven with the Sarasota Ballet School and later with the Harid Conservatory in Boca Raton. When she was 17, she joined the Houston Ballet as an apprentice, working with Maina Gielgud there and becoming a soloist in 2006. The National Ballet of Canada in Toronto took her on as a soloist in 2007, promoting her to principal dancer in 2009. In both Houston and Toronto, she established a close personal and professional relationship with Zdenek Konvalina. Following Konvalina, in 2011, she joined the English National Ballet as a principal dancer. She has danced principal roles in several classical ballets including The Sleeping Beauty, Swan Lake and Giselle and in works by George Balanchine such as Apollo (ballet) and Jewels. She received the Rolex Dancers First Award in 2009 for dancing the title role in Davide Bombana's Carmen.
| [
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Tiridates III of Armenia | [
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"target": "Sasanian Empire"
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"target": "Kingdom of ... | p_102 | In 270 the Roman emperor Aurelian engaged the Sassanids, who had now replaced the Parthians, on the eastern front and he was able to drive them back. Tiridates, as the true heir to the now Persian-occupied Armenian throne, came to Armenia and quickly raised an army and drove the enemy out in 287. When Tiridates returned to Armenia, he made the city of Vagharshapat his capital, as it had been the capital of his late father. For a while, fortune appeared to favour Tiridates. He not only expelled his enemies, but he carried his arms into Assyria. At the time the Persian Empire was in a distracted state. The throne was disputed by the ambition of two contending brothers, Hormuz and Narses. The civil war was, however, soon terminated and Narses was universally acknowledged as King of Persia. Narses then directed his whole force against the foreign enemy. The contest then became too unequal. Tiridates once more took refuge with the Romans. The Roman-Armenian alliance grew stronger, especially while Diocletian ruled the empire. This can be attributed to the upbringing of Tiridates, the consistent Persian aggressions and the murder of his father by Anak. With Diocletian's help, Tiridates pushed the Persians out of Armenia. In 299, Diocletian left the Armenian state in a quasi-independent and protectorate status possibly to use it as a buffer in case of a Persian attack. Tiridates married an Alani Princess called Ashkhen in 297 by whom he had three children: a son called Khosrov III, a daughter called Salome and an unnamed daughter who married St. Husik I, one of the earlier Catholicoi of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
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Heliopolitans | [
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"tar... | p_103 | Characters based on ancient Egyptian deities were first mentioned in Captain America Comics #20 (November 1942), published by Marvel Comics' predecessor Timely Comics, in which Captain America and Bucky investigate the murder of Colonel Fitzpatrick, who was studying the Book of Thoth while stationed in Egypt. The Heliopolitans first full Golden Age appearance was in the story "The Terror That Creeps" by Stan Lee and Werner Roth, published in Marvel Tales #96 (June 1950), and involves a man that fails to convince the public that the Great Sphinx of Giza is slowly moving to the edge of the desert, where it will be empowered by Set and destroy mankind. The goddess Bast would later make her first appearance (as a totem) with the Black Panther in Fantastic Four #52 (July 1966). Many of the other deities, including Horus, Isis and Osiris, were introduced in Thor #239 (September 1975). Khonshu, who became associated with Moon Knight, first appeared in Moon Knight #1 (November 1980). Joseph Muszynski argued in his book Everything I Needed to Know About Life I Learned from Marvel Comics that the introduction of Egyptian deities "excited our tendency to enjoy variety" as the pantheon contained multiple gods and personalities as opposed to the Judeo-Christian religions. Ed Strauss contended that Marvel was able to dive into ancient Egyptian religion because it "had long been retired into the realm of mythology" unlike Christianity.
| [
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Alan Charlesworth | [
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... | p_104 | As part of the RAAF's reorganisation following the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, No. 2 Group was formed in Sydney on 20 November; Charlesworth was appointed its Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO). He continued to serve in this position when the group was re-formed as Central Area in March 1940. Posted to Western Australia to take command of RAAF Station Pearce in August, he was promoted to temporary group captain on 1 September 1940. He became Senior Administration Officer at the newly established Western Area, Perth, in January the following year. In September 1942, Charlesworth took over No. 2 Bombing and Gunnery School in Sale, Victoria. He handed over to Group Captain Charles "Moth" Eaton in August 1943, before briefly taking charge of RAAF Headquarters Forward Echelon in Brisbane. Charlesworth was appointed Air Officer Commanding (AOC) Eastern Area, headquartered at Bradfield Park, Sydney, in December 1943. Eastern Area was responsible for maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare off the coast of New South Wales and southern Queensland. Japanese submarine activity had decreased in the months prior to Charlesworth taking command, and he was concerned that Allied ships were becoming complacent. He observed "a general slackening off in procedure; ships are seldom where they should be, and a minority of merchant ships identify themselves to aircraft". The RAAF's patrols had also settled into a predictable pattern that would have been easy for an observant submarine captain to avoid.
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Robert Kean | [
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"target"... | p_105 | Kean was born September 28, 1893, in Elberon, New Jersey. His father, Hamilton Fish Kean (1862–1941), was a United States Senator from New Jersey and his son, Thomas Kean, served two terms as the Governor of New Jersey. Robert Kean was the great-great-grandson of John Kean, a Delegate to the Continental Congress from South Carolina (1756–1795). His uncle, John Kean (1852–1914), was also a United States Senator from New Jersey. His grandson, Thomas Kean, Jr., is presently the Minority Leader of the New Jersey State Senate. His mother, Katherine Taylor Winthrop (1866–1943), was a descendant of John Winthrop, a wealthy English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the first major settlement in what is now New England after Plymouth Colony. Winthrop led the first large wave of migrants from England in 1630 and served as governor for 12 of the colony's first 20 years of existence. Kean is also a descendant of William Livingston, the first Governor of New Jersey.
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Norway | [
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... | p_106 | The first inhabitants were the Ahrensburg culture (11th to 10th millennia BC), which was a late Upper Paleolithic culture during the Younger Dryas, the last period of cold at the end of the Weichselian glaciation. The culture is named after the village of Ahrensburg, north-east of Hamburg in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein, where wooden arrow shafts and clubs have been excavated. The earliest traces of human occupation in Norway are found along the coast, where the huge ice shelf of the last ice age first melted between 11,000 and 8,000 BC. The oldest finds are stone tools dating from 9,500 to 6,000 BC, discovered in Finnmark (Komsa culture) in the north and Rogaland (Fosna culture) in the south-west. However, theories about two altogether different cultures (the Komsa culture north of the Arctic Circle being one and the Fosna culture from Trøndelag to Oslofjord being the other) were rendered obsolete in the 1970s.
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1965 New Zealand Grand Prix | [
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28... | p_107 | It was the 12th New Zealand Grand Prix, doubled as the opening round of the 1965 Tasman Series. The race attracted 19 starters, including several overseas based drivers and teams. A large contingent of cars from Australia competed, including Frank Gardner competing for Alec Mildren Racing. Lex Davison and Leo Geoghegan brought across their own teams, while 1962 Formula One world champion, British racer Graham Hill race a Brabham for David McKay's Scuderia Veloce team. Star attraction though was the appearance of Team Lotus with their lead driver, 1963 World Champion, Jim Clark. Local honour was upheld by Bruce McLaren, who in an early iteration of the later McLaren team brought a pair of factory supported Coopers to race with American racer, the 1961 World Champion Phil Hill as his number two. The race was won by Graham Hill, his first victory in the NZGP. Gardner finished second to be the first 'antipodean' while first New Zealander was domestic series racer Jim Palmer in a career highlight as Brabham racing cars clean swept the podium.
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Iris Chang | [
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... | p_108 | Iris Chang was the daughter of two university professors, Ying-Ying Chang and Dr. Shau-Jin Chang, who emigrated from Taiwan to the United States. Chang was born in Princeton, New Jersey and raised in Champaign-Urbana, Illinois. Chang grew up hearing stories about the Nanking massacre, from which her maternal grandparents managed to escape. When she tried finding books about the subject in Champaign Public Library, she found there were none. She attended University Laboratory High School of Urbana, Illinois and graduated in 1985. She was initially a computer science major, but would later switch to journalism, earning a bachelor's degree at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1989. During her time in college she also worked as a New York Times stringer from Urbana-Champaign, and wrote six front-page articles over the course of one year. After brief stints at the Associated Press and the Chicago Tribune, she pursued a master's degree in Writing Seminars at Johns Hopkins University. She then embarked on her career as an author and lectured and wrote magazine articles. She married Bretton Lee Douglas, a design engineer for Cisco Systems, whom she had met in college, and had one son, Christopher, who was 2 years old at the time of her suicide. She lived in San Jose, California in the final years of her life.
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Thom Ross | [
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484... | p_109 | Ross' first plywood installation was a 1976 cutout of Clint Eastwood, which he and a friend placed as a prank above a railroad trestle to recreate a scene from Dirty Harry in the location where the scene had been filmed five years earlier. In 1983 Ross created "154 Nevermore", an installation of 154 plywood ravens on a highway in Jackson, Wyoming (recreated in steel in 2000). In 1984, Ross created "the Catch", a diorama for the Baseball Hall of Fame illustrating a legendary catch with the same nickname, by Willie Mays in the 1954 World Series. He created a new version of the work in 2004, and displayed it in various locations in New York City. In 1998 Ross created "The Defining Moment" for SAFECO Field, a tableau of 11 steel cutouts of a Ken Griffey, Junior play in the 1995 baseball playoffs. Ross' 2005 work, "Custer's Last Stand", was a recreation of life-sized warriors riding life-sized horses the Battle of Little Bighorn at the original site at Medicine Tail Coulee in Montana. That exhibit toured Cody, Wyoming, Jackson, Wyoming, and Sun Valley, Idaho. In September, 2008 Ross recreated a 1902 photograph of Buffalo Bill Cody and his "Wild West Show", his traveling troupe of Native Americans, in front of the Cliff House at Ocean Beach.
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Dream On (Glee) | [
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"target": ... | p_110 | The episode features cover versions of seven songs, four of which were released as singles, available for digital download, and three of which are included on the soundtrack album . "Dream On" was watched by 11.59 million American viewers and received generally positive reviews from critics. Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune, Bobby Hankinson of the Houston Chronicle, Gerrick. D Kennedy of the Los Angeles Times and Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club all deemed it one of the best episodes of the season, while Aly Semigran of MTV, Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack and Raymund Flandez of The Wall Street Journal praised the musical performances. Blair Baldwin of Zap2it in contrast felt that the songs were inconsistent, and while Harris' appearance was generally well received, Eric Goldman of IGN felt that his storyline was lacking in impact.
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Kubrat, Prince of Panagyurishte | [
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... | p_111 | After completing his primary and secondary education at the Lycée Français in Madrid, Kubrat studied between 1984 and 1990 at the University of Navarra in Pamplona, where he obtained a Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery. After his graduation, he worked for five years as a resident physician at Puerta de Hierro Clinic in Madrid, where he made his expertise as a general surgeon. Subsequently he worked for a year at the St Mark's Hospital and Northwick Park Hospital and further specialized as a surgeon in proctology. Kubrat worked between 1997 and 2003 as a colorectal surgeon at the Ruber International Clinic in Madrid and was in charge of the Ambulatory Surgery Unit. Since September 2003, he became Head of the Colorectal Unit at the San Camillo Hospital in Madrid, where he also acts as Director of the Team Care Management since June 2006. He was director of Shared Medical Systems between 1999 and 2000, and is currently also part of the advisory board of Tokuda Hospital (Sofia, Bulgaria) and a Consultant for Mensor Health Care, S.L in Madrid.
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Edwin Jackson (baseball) | [
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"target": "... | p_112 | On June 25, 2010, Jackson no-hit his former team, the Tampa Bay Rays, 1–0, at Tropicana Field, becoming the first pitcher to no-hit a former team since Philadelphia Phillie Terry Mulholland no-hit the San Francisco Giants in 1990. It was only the second no-hitter in Diamondbacks' history, the other being Randy Johnson's perfect game on May 18, 2004. He managed to complete the no-hitter despite walking eight and hitting a batter. It was also the fourth of the 2010 season, and the third time the Rays had been no-hit in less than 12 months. Jackson had a very rough start to the game, walking a total of eight batters as well as hitting B.J. Upton with a pitch. Overall, Jackson allowed nine batters on base and got out of a bases-loaded jam in the 3rd inning. Mark Reynolds, Tony Abreu, and Adam LaRoche (whose second-inning home run accounted for the game's only run) helped Jackson as they provided impressive defense. He threw 149 pitches in the entire game. Jackson became the first German-born pitcher to throw a no-hitter, the first African American to do so since Dwight Gooden in 1996, and the first African American to do so for a National League team since Bob Gibson in 1971.
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Joel Skinner | [
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... | p_113 | Skinner spent six seasons managing in the Indians minor league system from 1995–2000. Overall, he compiled a record of 448–333 (.574) and took his teams to the playoffs in five of six seasons. In 1995 Skinner managed the Watertown Indians to a record of 46- 27 and a New York–Penn League title, and received Manager of the Year honors. With the Columbus Redstixx (South Atlantic League) in 1996, he managed them to a second half title and a regular season record of 79–63. In 1997Skinner managed the Class A Kinston Indians (Carolina League) as they won titles in both the first and second halves with an 87–53 record overall, earning him Carolina League Manager of the Year honors. From 1998 through 1999 Skinner managed the Akron Aeros and was named USA Today Baseball Weekly's Minor League Manager of the Year in 1998, after guiding the Aeros to an 81–60 record and an Eastern League regular season title. Skinner then managed the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons to the best record in the International League in 2000, including an IL North Division title with a record of 86–59 (.593). His leadership of the Bisons in earned him Minor League Manager of the Year honors from Baseball America and The Sporting News in addition to being given International League Manager of the Year honors. That same season Skinner was a coach for Team USA in the 2000 All-Star Futures Game in Atlanta.
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Frank Milano (mobster) | [
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"tar... | p_114 | In April 1931, Salvatore Maranzano, head of the Castellammarese clan in New York City, declared himself capo di tutti capo (boss of all bosses). Lucky Luciano, who opposed Maranzano's claim to control the Luciano crime family, decided to have Maranzano murdered. On April 21, 1931, he met in Cleveland with Frank Milano, Moe Dalitz, Meyer Lansky, Santo Trafficante Sr., and an emissary sent by Al Capone. The five agreed with Luciano's plan to kill Maranzano and establish a new federation of crime families to handle disputes. After the September 10, 1931, assassination of Maranzano, the title of capo di tutti capo was retired and "The Commission" established by the American Mafia. Milano was named a member of The Commission, alongside Joseph Bonanno, Al Capone, Tommy Gagliano, Lucky Luciano, Vincent Mangano, and Joe Profaci.
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Diana King | [
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"target": "Recording ... | p_115 | King's next single, "Shy Guy", co-written and produced by Andy Marvel was released in 1995. The song, which only took them 10 minutes to write, became a hit, reaching #13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and being certified gold by the RIAA in the U.S.; the single also hit No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart, as well as reaching No. 1 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles chart, going on to sell nearly five million singles worldwide. "Shy Guy" was also ranked by the Japanese radio station J-Wave as the No. 1 song of 1995. In the UK, it had a place in the top 10 for seven weeks. It served as a single from the soundtrack to the 1995 film, Bad Boys in addition to being the lead release off her debut album Tougher Than Love which was released on 25 April 1995. The album peaked at No. 1 on Billboard's Reggae, No. 85 on R&B, and No. 179 on the Billboard 200 charts. Two follow-up singles "Love Triangle" (#85 R&B) and "Ain't Nobody" (#94 Pop, No. 63 R&B) followed that same year. In 1996, she collaborated with Nahki on the single "I'll Do It". Also in 1996, her version of "Piece of My Heart" was included on the soundtrack to the film The First Wives Club.
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"start": 183,
"text": "Tougher Than Love"
}
],
... |
Didier Drogba | [
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"indices": [
30,
44
],
"target": "Premier League"
},
{
"indices": [
205,
217
],
"target": "2004–05 FA Premier League"
},
{
"indices": [
263,
283
],
"target": "2005–06 FA Premier League"
},
{
"indices": [
319,
332
... | p_116 | In July 2004, Drogba moved to Premier League club Chelsea for a club record £24 million fee, making him the most expensive Ivorian player in history. In his debut season he helped the club win their first league title in 50 years, and a year later he won another Premier League title. His displays saw him named in the FIFA World XI for 2007. In March 2012, he became the first African player to score 100 Premier League goals. Just two months later, he scored in Chelsea's 2012 FA Cup Final win over Liverpool to become the first (and , the only) player to score in four separate FA Cup finals. He also played in the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, in which he scored an 88th-minute equaliser and the winning penalty in the deciding shoot-out against Bayern Munich. After spending 6 months with Shanghai Shenhua in China, and one and a half seasons with Turkish club Galatasaray where he scored the winning goal in the final of the 2013 Turkish Super Cup, Drogba returned to Chelsea in July 2014. With a career record of scoring 10 goals in 10 finals winning 10 trophies at club level, Drogba has been referred to as the "ultimate big game player." He joined Canadian club Montreal Impact in 2015 as a Designated Player and played 41 matches over two seasons, scoring 23 goals. Drogba became a player–owner for Phoenix Rising of the United Soccer League in 2017, and retired a year later at the age of 40.
| [
{
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},
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{
"indices": [
0,
57
],
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"text": "In July 2004, Drogba moved to Premier League club Chelsea"
... |
Raymond Massey | [
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31
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},
{
"indices": [
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],
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},
{
"indices": [
82,
95
],
"target": "Western Front (World War I)"
},
{
"indices": [
103,
139
],
"target... | p_117 | Massey joined the Canadian Army at the outbreak of World War I, and served on the Western Front in the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery. Lieutenant Massey returned to Canada after being wounded at Zillebeke in Belgium during the Battle of Mont Sorrel in 1916 and was engaged as an army instructor for American officers at Yale University. In 1918, he was recalled to active service and joined the Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force that went to Siberia during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. On the orders of his commanding general, he organized a minstrel troop with himself as end man to bolster morale of allied troops on occupation duty in Vladivostok.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "4",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
63
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Massey joined the Canadian Army at the outbreak of World ... |
The Morris Brothers | [
{
"indices": [
33,
57
],
"target": "Old Fort, North Carolina"
},
{
"indices": [
172,
179
],
"target": "Concord, North Carolina"
},
{
"indices": [
191,
203
],
"target": "J. E. Mainer"
},
{
"indices": [
295,
311
],... | p_118 | The Morris Brothers were born in Old Fort, North Carolina. Originally, they began performing as a trio together with a third brother, George Morris. In 1933, Zeke moved to Concord and joined J. E. Mainer's Crazy Mountaineers He made his first recordings with the Mountaineers in August 1935 för Bluebird Records. Four years later, in 1937, Wiley and Zeke along with banjo player Wade Mainer did some radio work in the North Carolina towns of Asheville and Raleigh. In April 1938, The Morris Brothers, fiddler Homer Sherrill and banjo player Joel Martin, calling themselves the Smilin' Rangers, performed at radio station WBTM in Danville, Virginia. In September 1938, Zeke recorded with Charlie Monroe as a replacement for Bill Monroe just after the Monroe Brothers had disbanded. The same year, Zeke's musical career came to a halt when he went to work in a cotton mill in Gastonia. In 1939, the brothers moved to Asheville and WWNC radio, where they resumed their career. After World War II they retired and opened an auto repair business. Between 1938 and 1939, the Morris Brothers made 36 recordings for RCA Victor.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 232,
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"text": "94,546"
}
],
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San Bernardino Line | [
{
"indices": [
45,
62
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"target": "Los Angeles River"
},
{
"indices": [
85,
107
],
"target": "Interstate 10 in California"
},
{
"indices": [
112,
127
],
"target": "El Monte Busway"
},
{
"indices": [
284,
308
],
... | p_119 | After leaving Union Station and crossing the Los Angeles River, the line follows the San Bernardino Freeway and El Monte Busway until just after the Cal State L.A. station; it then runs in the median of the San Bernardino Freeway to the El Monte Station along the former route of the Pacific Electric Railway's San Bernardino Line. Starting at El Monte, the line parallels the Union Pacific's Sunset Route (ex-Southern Pacific) for a few miles before turning northeast at Bassett onto a Southern Pacific branch. At (a former Southern Pacific/Pacific Electric-Santa Fe crossing), it switches to the Santa Fe; from Claremont to just west of San Bernardino it follows what was the Santa Fe's Pasadena Subdivision (and before that the Second District of the LA Division, the Santa Fe passenger main line). The San Bernardino Line is mostly single track with 6 passing sidings and short sections of double track near Covina, between Pomona and Montclair, and west of Fontana.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 195,
"passage": "los angeles river",
"start": 182,
"text": " nearly 51 mi"
}
],
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"context": [
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"indice... |
Ângelo Correia | [
{
"indices": [
20,
30
],
"target": "Portugal"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
107
],
"target": "Ministry of Internal Administration (Portugal)"
},
{
"indices": [
115,
136
],
"target": "Government of Portugal"
},
{
"indices": [
161,
... | p_120 | Ângelo Correia is a Portuguese manager, engineer and politician, former Minister of Internal Administration of the Portuguese Government under the leadership of Aníbal Cavaco Silva. He was also member of the Portuguese Parliament (the Assembleia da República) for the Portuguese Social Democrats (PSD) from 1976 to 1995. He was awarded a degree in chemical-industrial engineering by the Instituto Superior Técnico of the Technical University of Lisbon (1968). Ângelo Correia was appointed chairman of the company Fomentinvest, and worked at that company with Pedro Passos Coelho during the 2000s. Correia, an experienced member of PSD, is a close friend of Passos Coelho, both inside their party and corporate governance careers, and is considered Passos Coelho's political mentor.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": "2",
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
460,
596
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Ângelo Correia was appointed chairman of the company F... |
Government of Singapore | [
{
"indices": [
86,
95
],
"target": "List of Governors of Singapore"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
174
],
"target": "Straits Settlements"
},
{
"indices": [
230,
249
],
"target": "Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements"
},
{
"ind... | p_121 | From the founding of modern Singapore in 1819 until 1826, Singapore was headed by two residents in succession. Following Singapore's amalgamation into the Straits Settlements in 1826, it was governed by a governor together with a legislative council. An executive council of the Straits Settlements was introduced in 1877 to advise the Governor but wielded no executive power. In 1955, a Council of Ministers was created, appointed by the Governor on the recommendation of the Leader of the House. Constitutional talks between Legislative Assembly representatives and the Colonial Office were held from 1956 to 1958, and Singapore gained full internal self-government in 1959. The governor was replaced by the Yang di-Pertuan Negara, who had power to appoint to the post of prime minister the person most likely to command the authority of the assembly, and other ministers of the Cabinet on the prime minister's advice. In the 1959 general elections, the People's Action Party (PAP) swept to power with 43 out of the 51 seats in the assembly, and Lee Kuan Yew became the first prime minister of Singapore. The executive branch of the Singapore Government remained unchanged following Singapore's merger with Malaysia in 1963, and subsequent independence in 1965. The PAP has been returned to power in every general election and has thus formed the Cabinet since 1959. The government is generally perceived to be competent in managing the country's economy and largely free from political corruption. On the other hand, it has been criticized for using unfair election tactics, violating freedom of speech and its excessive use of the death penalty (by hanging) for non-violent crimes.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": "33",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
498,
616
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Constitutional talks between Legislative Assembly rep... |
Lil Jon | [
{
"indices": [
140,
147
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"target": "Atlanta"
},
{
"indices": [
213,
216
],
"target": "Hip hop music"
},
{
"indices": [
316,
321
],
"target": "Crunk"
},
{
"indices": [
397,
421
],
"target": "Billboard Hot 10... | p_122 | Jonathan Smith (born January 17, 1971), known professionally as Lil Jon, is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer and DJ based in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the lead frontman of the multi-platinum selling rap group, Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz and was instrumental in the emergence of the sub hip/hop genre Crunk. He is credited with bringing the genre into mainstream success, producing Top 10 Billboard Hot 100 singles "Get Low," "Goodies," "Cyclone," "Freek-a-Leek," and "Yeah!" "Yeah!" won a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Performance. Lil Jon is also a frequent collaborator with friend and fellow rapper Pitbull. In 2013, Lil Jon collaborated with DJ Snake and released the EDM multi-platinum hit, "Turn Down For What," that won Billboard Music Award for Top Dance/Electronic Song. The music video for the single, released in 2014, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, and has been viewed over 900 million times on YouTube as of October 2019. As of 2016, Lil Jon is listed as one of the Top Billboard Music Award Winners of All Time.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Lil Jon, is an American rapper"
},
{
"i... |
Dino Maamria | [
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40,
48
],
"target": "AS Marsa"
},
{
"indices": [
109,
122
],
"target": "CO Transports"
},
{
"indices": [
164,
171
],
"target": "Burnley F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
205,
214
],
"target": "Glentoran ... | p_123 | Maamria started his playing career with AS Marsa of Tunisia. He left the club in 1994, and spent a season at CO Transports. He moved to England in 1996, and joined Burnley. Maamria subsequently signed for Glentoran of the IFA Premiership, spending the remainder of 1996–97 season with the club. He joined Conference National side Doncaster Rovers in 1998, spending two years at the club. He spent the 2000–01 season at Southport, before signing for Leigh RMI in July 2001. After two successful seasons at Leigh, Maamria signed for Stevenage Borough for a five-figure fee in February 2003. He left the club after making just ten appearances, joining Charleston Battery of the USL First Division. He made nine appearances for Charleston, before rejoining Stevenage in September 2003. Maamria went on to spend three seasons with Stevenage. In July 2006, he rejoined Southport, before signing for Rushden & Diamonds on a free transfer in January 2007. After being released by Rushden at the end of the 2006–07 season, Maamria signed for Northwich Victoria in August 2007.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 8586,
"passage": "northwich victoria f.c.",
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"text": "England"
}
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indi... |
Silas D. Alben | [
{
"indices": [
48,
60
],
"target": "Biomechanics"
},
{
"indices": [
182,
190
],
"target": "Dynamics (mechanics)"
},
{
"indices": [
349,
358
],
"target": "Deformation (engineering)"
},
{
"indices": [
510,
516
],
... | p_124 | Alben's research focuses on problems arising in biomechanics and material science. As a graduate student at NYU, Alben worked with Jun Zhang and Michael Shelley in investigating the dynamics of flexible structures and how such structures can become more aerodynamic by altering their shape. In this study, experiments visualized a short glass fiber deforming in fluid flow, and analysis showed how the fiber can reduce the drag force exerted by the fluid by changing its shape. This work was published 2002 in Nature under the title Drag Reduction Through Self-Similar Bending of a Flexible Body, and was the subject of various news articles in periodicals including The New York Times and others. As a Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard, Alben collaborated with Ernst A. van Nierop and Michael P. Brenner in a paper titled "How Bumps on Whale Flippers Delay Stall: An Aerodynamic Model". The paper gave a mathematical model for this hydrodynamic phenomenon. This result, featured in MIT's Technology Review and Nature, provides a theoretical basis for potential improvements in using bumps for more stable airplanes, more agile submarines, and more efficient turbine blades. In 2007, Alben investigated (with Michael P. Brenner) the self-assembly of a 3D structures from flat, elastic sheets. This experiment, featured on New Scientist, presented a new technique in nano construction; previously, the transformation of flat sheets to 3D structures were performed by random formation, but in this study, the addition of biases into the design of the sheets gave the possibility of predicting the resulting shape.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 56,
"passage": "mit technology review",
"start": 39,
"text": "Technology Review"
}
],
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"context": [
{
"... |
Gianni De Biasi | [
{
"indices": [
12,
22
],
"target": "Midfielder"
},
{
"indices": [
68,
79
],
"target": "Inter Milan"
},
{
"indices": [
191,
198
],
"target": "Serie C"
},
{
"indices": [
204,
212
],
"target": "Reggio Audace F.C... | p_125 | De Biasi, a midfielder, started his professional playing career for Inter Milan; he was part of the first team squad but, despite this, never played for the nerazzurri and was then loaned to Serie C team Reggiana in 1975 and newly promoted Serie A club Pescara Calcio one year later. He was sold to Brescia in 1977 as partial compensation for the signing of Evaristo Beccalossi by Inter. De Biasi played in Brescia for five seasons, only one of them in Serie A. He then moved to Palermo in 1983, but abruptly left it three years later following the cancellation of the Sicilian club in the summer of 1986. This was followed by a single season with Vicenza and two Serie C2 seasons for Treviso. De Biasi retired from active football in 1990, after a Serie D season with Bassano.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "56",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
172,
220
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "was then loaned to Serie C team Reggiana in 1975"
... |
Tropical Storm Dolly (2014) | [
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22,
35
],
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},
{
"indices": [
144,
155
],
"target": "Tropical cyclogenesis"
},
{
"indices": [
157,
167
],
"target": "Atmospheric convection"
},
{
"indices": [
212,
225
],
... | p_126 | On August 19, 2014, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa. The system traversed the Atlantic over the next week with no signs of development. Convection finally increased once the wave entered the Caribbean Sea on August 27; however, it was not until August 30 when interaction with a Kelvin wave spurred organization. An area of low pressure consolidated within the system as it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula on August 31. Formation of a banding feature along the southeastern portion of the circulation on September 1 marked the system's transition into a tropical depression by 18:00 UTC while over the Bay of Campeche. Although situated over warm waters of , strong wind shear created an unfavorable environment and hindered intensification. During this formative stage, the depression tracked northward as its center relocated before turning to the northwest and later west. It was uncertain if a closed circulation truly existed due to conflicting data and the depression could have remained a trough until the afternoon of September 2.
| [
{
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
520,
637
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "on September 1 marked the system's transition into a trop... |
Simon Scarrow | [
{
"indices": [
4,
24
],
"target": "Eagles of the Empire"
},
{
"indices": [
68,
89
],
"target": "Eagles of the Empire"
},
{
"indices": [
94,
116
],
"target": "Eagles of the Empire"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
145
],
... | p_127 | The Eagles of the Empire series centres upon two main protagonists, Quintus Licinius Cato and Lucius Cornelius Macro, who are both Roman soldiers. Macro, a veteran with nearly 15 years' service (at the start of the first novel) in the Roman Army, has recently been appointed to the Centurionate. Cato is in his teen years, grew up in the Imperial Palace as a slave, and at the start of the series joins the Eagles as Macro's Optio. The first book starts in 42 AD. The books cover the experiences of the two soldiers, initially as experienced centurion and new optio, in battles in Germania and the invasion of Britain by Claudius as part of the Legio II Augusta. The 6th book The Eagle's Prophecy has them serving as part of the Imperial Navy east of Italy. The 7th and 8th put them in Rome's eastern provinces as agents of the Emperor's secretary Tiberius Claudius Narcissus. The 9th sees them shipwrecked on the island of Crete, fighting against a full-scale uprising. The 11th is set in Rome with the leads hoping to save the emperor from the shady Liberators. The Blood Crows is set once again in Britannia. The two protagonists are faced with defeating tribal rebels.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "12",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
432,
463
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The first book starts in 42 AD."
},
{
... |
Toyama Castle | [
{
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35,
53
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"target": "Tokugawa shogunate"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
94
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"target": "Daimyō"
},
{
"indices": [
98,
109
],
"target": "Kaga Domain"
},
{
"indices": [
150,
165
],
"target": "Maeda Toshi... | p_128 | Following the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, the Maeda clan were confirmed as daimyō of Kaga Domain, which included most of Etchū Province. Maeda Toshinaga, the son of Maeda Toshiba and second daimyō of Kaga Domain rebuilt the castle and temporarily used it as his retirement home until much of it burned down in 1609. His grandson, Maeda Toshitsugu was awarded a 100,000 koku holding in Etchū Province in 1639, the forming Toyama Domain; however, initially his fief did not include Toyama Castle. Unable to raise funds to build his own castle, in 1659 he reached an agreement with Kaga Domain to exchange some of holdings for Toyama Castle and the surrounding lands. In 1661, he received permission from the Tokugawa shogunate to rebuild the castle and to lay out a new castle town. His descendants ruled over Toyama from here until the Meiji Restoration. Many of the structures of the castle and its rampant were destroyed by the 1858 Hietsu earthquake, and most of what survived was destroyed by order of the new Meiji government in 1871.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
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"passage": "meiji restoration",
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"text": "1868"
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
1925–26 Southampton F.C. season | [
{
"indices": [
55,
63
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"target": "Len Hill (footballer)"
},
{
"indices": [
81,
100
],
"target": "Queens Park Rangers F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
130,
141
],
"target": "Tommy Allen (footballer, born 1897)"
},
{
"indices": [
5... | p_129 | One of the later signings of the summer was goalkeeper Len Hill, who joined from Queens Park Rangers in June 1925. Regular keeper Tommy Allen had turned down a new contract at the club, leading to the signing of Hill as his replacement. Allen later agreed to new terms in October and returned to his place as first-choice Southampton goalkeeper, with Hill making sporadic appearances later in the season. Transfer activity continued throughout the season. In December 1925 the club signed inside-forward Jim Swinden from Salisbury City, following a trial in which he scored two goals on his debut for the reserve side against Folkestone. In March 1926, right-half Bill Adams joined from Southern League side Guildford United. Needing money to purchase the freehold of The Dell, Southampton sold mainstay full-backs Fred Titmuss and Tom Parker in early 1926 – the former in February to Plymouth Argyle for £1,750; the latter in March to Arsenal for £3,250 – which "caused uproar amongst supporters".
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "6",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
115,
184
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Regular keeper Tommy Allen had turned down a new contr... |
Devon Travis | [
{
"indices": [
114,
131
],
"target": "Dunedin Blue Jays"
},
{
"indices": [
396,
410
],
"target": "Boston Red Sox"
},
{
"indices": [
523,
541
],
"target": "Kansas City Royals"
},
{
"indices": [
665,
679
],
"ta... | p_130 | In late April 2016, Travis began taking part in extended spring training games. He was assigned to the Advanced-A Dunedin Blue Jays for rehab on May 13. On May 18, he was promoted to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons to continue rehabbing. On May 25, Travis was activated off the disabled list by the Blue Jays and called up. He hit a walk-off infield single on May 28 to help the Blue Jays defeat the Boston Red Sox 10–9. On August 5, Travis hit two home runs in a game for the first time in his career. Leading off against the Kansas City Royals, Travis hit a solo home run to give the Blue Jays an early 1–0 lead. In the ninth inning, he hit another solo home run off Kelvin Herrera to lift Toronto to a 4–3 victory. On August 8, Travis hit his first career triple, which came as part of a four-hit game against the Tampa Bay Rays. Following a game on August 31, the Blue Jays optioned Travis to the Rookie-Advanced Bluefield Blue Jays. The move was made to allow Josh Thole to be re-signed and have postseason eligibility. As the Bluefield season would end on September 1, Travis could be immediately recalled by Toronto afterward, bypassing the ten-day waiting period. Travis was recalled by the Blue Jays on September 2. He finished the season hitting .300 with 11 home runs and 50 RBI in 101 games. Travis played in the Wild Card Game and the first game of the American League Division Series, but missed the remainder of the ALDS with a bone bruise in his right knee. He played in the first game of the Championship Series, but left in the fifth inning after reaggravating his knee injury. On October 15, Travis was removed from the ALCS roster due to injury, and replaced by Justin Smoak. In accordance with MLB rules, Travis was ruled ineligible to return for the postseason, ending his season. On November 18, he underwent right knee surgery to remove a small flap of cartilage, and was expected to be ready for spring training.
| [
{
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
152
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In late April 2016, Travis began taking part in extende... |
Royal Mint | [
{
"indices": [
37,
41
],
"target": "Mint (facility)"
},
{
"indices": [
141,
156
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"target": "Limited company"
},
{
"indices": [
181,
203
],
"target": "HM Treasury"
},
{
"indices": [
377,
386
],
"target": "Pl... | p_131 | The Royal Mint is a government-owned mint that produces coins for the United Kingdom. Operating under the name Royal Mint Ltd, the mint is a limited company that is wholly owned by Her Majesty's Treasury and is under an exclusive contract to supply all the nation's coinage. As well as minting circulating coins for use domestically and internationally, the mint also produces planchets, commemorative coins, various types of medals and precious metal bullion. The mint exports to an average of 60 countries a year, making up 70% of its total sales. Formed over 1,100 years ago, the mint was historically part of a series of mints that became centralised to produce coins for the Kingdom of England, all of Great Britain and eventually most of the British Empire. The original London mint from which the Royal Mint is the successor was established in 886 AD and operated within the Tower of London for approximately 800 years before moving to what is now called Royal Mint Court where it remained until the 1960s. As Britain followed the rest of the world in decimalising its currency, the Mint moved from London to a new plant in Llantrisant, Wales where it has remained since.
| [
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The original London mint from which the Royal Mint is the... |
List of Barnsley F.C. seasons | [
{
"indices": [
0,
22
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"target": "Barnsley F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
37,
57
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"target": "Association football"
},
{
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76,
91
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"target": "South Yorkshire"
},
{
"indices": [
100,
108
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"target": "... | p_132 | Barnsley Football Club is an English association football club based in the South Yorkshire town of Barnsley. Founded in 1887 under the name Barnsley St Peter's, the team played in the Sheffield & District League from the 1890–91 season and first entered the FA Cup in 1893–94. Two years later, they were accepted into the Midland League. The club changed its name to Barnsley F.C. in 1897; its team finished as Midland League runners-up in the first season under the new name, and were elected to the newly expanded Second Division of the Football League for the 1898–99 season. A 16th-place finish in their second season meant they had to apply for re-election; the application was successful, and Barnsley continued safely in mid-table until 1911, when they again needed to be re-elected to the League. Their cup form was rather better: either side of that poor League placing, they reached the FA Cup final. In 1909–10, they drew 1–1 with Newcastle United in the final at Crystal Palace, but lost 1–0 in the replay at Everton's Goodison Park ground. Two seasons later, after taking three replays to get through the quarter-final, they played out a goalless draw with West Bromwich Albion at Crystal Palace; this time Barnsley won the replay, at Sheffield United's Bramall Lane ground, by one goal to nil.
| [
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{
"indices": [
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"text": "Founded in 1887 under the name Barnsley St Peter's, the t... |
List of Malmö FF chairmen | [
{
"indices": [
0,
21
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"target": "Malmö FF"
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{
"indices": [
80,
100
],
"target": "Association football"
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{
"indices": [
115,
120
],
"target": "Malmö"
},
{
"indices": [
150,
171
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"target": "Skånes Fotbo... | p_133 | Malmö Fotbollförening, also known simply as Malmö FF, is a Swedish professional association football club based in Malmö. The club is affiliated with Skånes Fotbollförbund (The Scanian Football Association), and plays its home games at Stadion. Formed on 24 February 1910, Malmö FF is the most successful club in Sweden in terms of trophies won. The club have won the most league titles of any Swedish club with twenty-three, a record twenty Swedish championship titles and a record fourteen national cup titles. The team competes in Allsvenskan as of the 2019 season; this is Malmö FF's 19th consecutive season in the top flight, and their 84th overall. The main rivals of the club are Helsingborgs IF, IFK Göteborg and, historically, IFK Malmö.
| [
{
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{
"indices": [
655,
746
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The main rivals of the club are Helsingborgs IF, IFK Göte... |
Catepanate of Italy | [
{
"indices": [
26,
46
],
"target": "Exarchate of Ravenna"
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{
"indices": [
159,
166
],
"target": "Basil I"
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{
"indices": [
202,
216
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"target": "Constantinople"
},
{
"indices": [
248,
262
],
"target": "By... | p_134 | Following the fall of the Exarchate of Ravenna in 751, Byzantium had been absent from the affairs of southern Italy for almost a century, but the accession of Basil I (reigned 867–886) to the throne of Constantinople changed this: from 868 on, the imperial fleet and Byzantine diplomats were employed in an effort to secure the Adriatic Sea from Saracen raids, re-establish Byzantine dominance over Dalmatia, and extend Byzantine control once more over parts of Italy. As a result of these efforts, Otranto was taken from the Saracens in 873, and Bari, captured from Arabs by the Holy Roman Emperor Louis II in 871, passed under Byzantine control in 876. The expeditions of the capable general Nikephoros Phokas the Elder in the mid-880s further extended Byzantine control over most of Apulia and Calabria. These victories were followed up by his successors and laid the foundation of a resurgence of Byzantine power in southern Italy, culminating in the establishment of the theme of Longobardia in c. 892. The regions of Apulia, Calabria and Basilicata would remain firmly under Byzantine control until the 11th century. In c. 965, a new theme, that of Lucania, was established, and the stratēgos (military governor) of Bari was raised to the title of katepanō of Italy, usually with the rank of patrikios. The title of katepanō meant "the uppermost" in Greek. This elevation was deemed militarily necessary after the final loss of nearby Sicily, a previously Byzantine possession, to the Arabs.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "537",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
138,
229
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "but the accession of Basil I (reigned 867–886) to th... |
Madonna filmography | [
{
"indices": [
21,
28
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"target": "Madonna (entertainer)"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
67
],
"target": "Feature film"
},
{
"indices": [
100,
111
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"target": "Short film"
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{
"indices": [
119,
135
],
"target": "Pl... | p_135 | American entertainer Madonna has worked in twenty-six feature films (twenty-one as an actress), ten short films, three theatrical plays, ten television episodes, and appeared in sixteen commercials. at age 16, she auditioned in a high-school short movie called "the egg" where she played a teenage sunbather relaxing at a patio eating raw eggs. In 1979, she made her acting debut in the low-budget feature A Certain Sacrifice. Its commercial release in 1985 coincided with the success of her second studio album, Like a Virgin. That same year, she made a cameo appearance as a club singer in the film Vision Quest; she also garnered commercial and critical success for the title role in Susan Seidelman's Desperately Seeking Susan. Madonna followed it with a leading role in the adventure drama Shanghai Surprise (1986), with her then-husband, actor Sean Penn. The film was panned by critics, and Madonna received her first Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress. Her next films such as Who's That Girl (1987) and Bloodhounds of Broadway (1989) were critical and commercial failures. In 1986, she made her theatrical debut in David Rabe's Goose and Tom-Tom and her first commercial for Mitsubishi in Japan. She starred in the 1989 commercial for Pepsi-Cola alongside her song "Like a Prayer". Due to the controversy surrounding the song's music video, the commercial was revoked and her contract with Pepsi-Cola was cancelled.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "27",
"type": "value"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
427,
527
],
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"text": "Its commercial release in 1985 coincided with the suc... |
Robert D. Raiford | [
{
"indices": [
174,
192
],
"target": "John Boy and Billy"
},
{
"indices": [
288,
311
],
"target": "Concord, North Carolina"
},
{
"indices": [
348,
376
],
"target": "University of South Carolina"
},
{
"indices": [
499,
... | p_136 | 'Robert D. Raiford (December 27, 1927 – November 17, 2017) was an American radio broadcaster and actor, best known for his political/social commentaries delivered during The John Boy and Billy Big Show, a morning radio program heard on stations throughout the American South. He was from Concord, North Carolina and majored in communication at the University of South Carolina. Raiford got his start in broadcasting in 1944 by calling play by play at baseball games. His first real radio job was at WEGO (AM) in Concord, North Carolina. Raiford has appeared in 28 movies, often portraying judge characters. He frequently closed his commentaries with the line "Who says that? I say that!", which also served as the title of a book containing excerpts from these segments. Early in his career, Raiford worked for WTOP radio and WTOP-TV, both CBS News affiliates in Washington, D.C.. His best-known work was a live radio broadcast on WTOP, a CBS Radio affiliate, covering the state funeral of President John F. Kennedy. He also worked at Charlotte radio station WBT. Raiford also hosted a show on WIST, which aired Charlotte's first telephone talk radio format. He later taught Communications at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. From 1978 to 1986, Raiford was a news anchor and talk show host for Charlotte's NBC television affiliate. It was known as WRET-TV and then WPCQ-TV during his tenure there; it is now WCNC-TV. On the June 9, 2016, episode of The John Boy and Billy Big Show, John Isley ("John Boy") announced that Raiford had retired from the show, due to suffering a stroke the previous August that greatly affected his speech and mobility. Raiford had not delivered any commentaries during the intervening months, choosing to focus on his recovery instead.
| [
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"end": 171,
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"start": 147,
"text": "Columbia, South Carolina"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"context": [
... |
Michael Grandage | [
{
"indices": [
21,
30
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"target": "Yorkshire"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
63
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"target": "Penzance"
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"indices": [
65,
73
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"target": "Cornwall"
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{
"indices": [
139,
166
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"target": "Humphry Davy School"
... | p_137 | Grandage was born in Yorkshire, England, and raised in Penzance, Cornwall, where his parents ran a family business. He was educated at the Humphry Davy Grammar School before training as an actor at the Royal Central School of Speech & Drama through 1984. He spent twelve years working as an actor for companies such as the Royal Exchange and the Royal Shakespeare Company and was also a member of National Youth Theatre before turning to directing. He made his directorial debut in 1996 with a production of Arthur Miller's The Last Yankee at the Mercury Theatre, Colchester. In 1998 he was invited by Sheffield Theatres to direct Twelfth Night, his first Shakespeare production. In the same year he made his London directorial debut at the Almeida Theatre with a production of Shaw's The Doctor's Dilemma.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
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"passage": "main",
"text": "Grandage was born in Yorkshire, England,"
},
{
... |
Cinema of Pakistan | [
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"indices": [
61,
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"target": "Film industry"
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{
"indices": [
84,
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"target": "Pakistan"
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{
"indices": [
202,
208
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"target": "Lahore"
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{
"indices": [
259,
276
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"target": "Culture of Pakista... | p_138 | The cinema of Pakistan or Pakistani cinema (), refers to the filmmaking industry in Pakistan. Pakistan is home to several film studios centres, primarily located in its two largest cities - Karachi and Lahore. Pakistani cinema has played an important part in Pakistani culture and in recent years has begun flourishing again after years of decline, delivering entertainment to audiences in Pakistan and expatriates abroad. Several film industries are based in Pakistan, which tend to be regional and niche in nature. Over 10,000 Urdu feature films have been produced in Pakistan since 1948, as well as over 8000 Punjabi, 6000 Pashto and 2000 Sindhi feature-length films. The first film ever produced was Husn Ka Daku in 1930, directed by Abdur Rashid Kardar in Lahore. The first Pakistani-film produced was Teri Yaad, directed by Daud Chand in 1948. Between 1947 and 2007, Pakistani cinema was based in Lahore, home to the nation's largest film industry (nicknamed Lollywood). Pakistani films during this period attracted large audiences and had a strong cult following, was part of the cultural mainstream, widely available and imitated by the masses. During the early 1970s, Pakistan was the world's fourth largest producer of feature films. However, between 1977 and 2007, the film industry of Pakistan went into decline due to Islamization, strengthening of censorship laws and an overall lack of quality. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the film industry went through several periods of ups and downs, a reflection of its dependency on state funding and incentives. By 2000, the film industry in Lahore had collapsed and saw a gradual shift of Pakistani actors, actresses, producers and filmmakers from Lahore to Karachi. By 2007, the wounds of Pakistan's collapsed film industry began to heal and Karachi had cemented itself as the center of Pakistani cinema. This was the time new generation producers stepped into the industry with short films with Quality story line and new technology led to an explosion of alternative form of Pakistani cinema. The shift has been seen by many as the leading cause for the "resurgence of Pakistani cinema". Despite the industry crisis starting in the mid-1980s, Pakistani films have retained much of their distinctive identity. Since the shift to Karachi, Pakistani films have once again began attracting a strong cult following.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 374,
"passage": "pakistan",
"start": 369,
"text": "India"
},
{
"end": 399,
"passage": "pakistan",
"start": 388,
"text": "Afghanistan"
},
{
... |
Todor Atanaskov | [
{
"indices": [
58,
74
],
"target": "World War II"
},
{
"indices": [
112,
118
],
"target": "Skopje"
},
{
"indices": [
185,
203
],
"target": "Vardar Banovina"
},
{
"indices": [
630,
641
],
"target": "Illés Spit... | p_139 | The season 1940–41 was interrumpted by the arrival of the Second World War and the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia. Skopje, the city Građanski was based in, was the regional capital of the Vardarska banovina, the Southern-most banovina within Yugoslavia, and with the start of the war most of the region was incorporated into Axis-allied Bulgaria. The new Bulgarian authorities decided to merge several of the best clubs from Skopje, namely Građanski, SSK Skoplje, ŽSK, Pobeda Skoplje and Jug, into one which they named FC Makedonia. Most of the players of the new club were former Građanski players, including their coach, Hungarian Illés Spitz. They were immediately included in the 1941 Bulgarian State Football Championship. In the first round they faced Sportklub Plovdiv and they won 2–1 at home, but due to their lack of possibility to travel for the away game, they were attributed a 0–3 defeat, being that way eliminated. In the 1942 Bulgarian State Football Championship however, they entered much better prepared, and after taking revenge over Plovdiv in a single game win by 2–0, they qualified to the quarter-finals where they eliminated favorites ZhsK Sofia by a stunning result of 3–1 and 6–1. The semi-finals were played against Slavia Sofia, a team that by then had already been Bulgarian champion five times, and were the current title holders. Playing in Bulgarian capital Sofia where Slavia was playing at home, Makedonia shocked the audience by defeating the defending champions by 5–1. Slavia did its best in the second game, but their 3–0 win was not enough, and Makedonia qualified to the final with a 5–4 aggregate win. The final was played in two games, both in Sofia, against Levski. Both games were lost by Makedonia, the first one on 11 October 1942, by 0–2, and the second on 18 October, by 0–1. The hero and the scorer of all three goals was Bozhin Laskov. The fact that Levski didn't had to play the semi-finals may have contributed for their players to be much more fresh, while Makedonia players had arrived to the finals after playing many consecutive difficult games. Also, the fact that all games were played in Sofia where Makedonia's opponents were playing at home with large crowds of fans making pressure on the referee to favorize the home teams is often mentioned by Makedonia players, stuff and enthusiasts as reason why they didn't took the trophy to Skopje that season.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 188,
"passage": "1941 bulgarian state football championship",
"start": 172,
"text": "PFC Slavia Sofia"
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context... |
Bison Smith | [
{
"indices": [
195,
202
],
"target": "Glossary of professional wrestling terms"
},
{
"indices": [
276,
311
],
"target": "International Wrestling Association (Puerto Rico)"
},
{
"indices": [
321,
332
],
"target": "Puerto Rico"
},
{
... | p_140 | Smith toured in Japan first in July 2001. On June 7, 2003, Smith won the Pro Wrestling IRON Heavyweight Championship, by defeating Bart Blaxson, and held the title for nearly two years before he dropped it on April 28, 2005 to California wrestler Malachi. He competed for the International Wrestling Association (IWA) in Puerto Rico, where, on November 1, 2003, he defeated Glamour Boy Shane to win the IWA World Heavyweight Championship, which he held for over a month, before losing it back to Glamour Boy Shane. On July 16, 2004, he defeated Slash Venom to win the vacant IWA Hardcore Championship. He lost it later that month to Chet Jablonski. On September 25, 2004, Smith won the New Breed Wrestling Association's top championship, the NBWA Championship, when he and Morgan defeated B.J. Whitmer and ODB in a tag team match, where the person who won the pin, won the Championship. He competed sporadically for the next few months, and won the IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship from Glamour Boy Shane on November 20, 2005. He held the Championship for over a year, before losing it to Slash Venom on December 12, 2005 in a steel cage match.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "5",
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},
"context": [
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"indices": [
256,
437
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He competed for the International Wrestling Associatio... |
Blue diamond | [
{
"indices": [
40,
52
],
"target": "Hope Diamond"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
77
],
"target": "India"
},
{
"indices": [
86,
97
],
"target": "Kollur Mine"
},
{
"indices": [
105,
111
],
"target": "Guntur"
},
{
... | p_141 | The earliest recorded blue diamond, the Hope Diamond, was discovered in India, in the Kollur mine in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh (which at the time was part of the Golconda kingdom), in the seventeenth century. However, blue diamonds have also been discovered in the Cullinan Mine in South Africa and the Golconda region. A few blue diamonds have been discovered in the Argyle Mine in Western Australia as well, and are offered at their annual Argyle Tender when they are found. It is thought that blue diamonds, unlike most other diamonds, are formed in the lower part of Earth’s mantle, and that the boron creating their blue color originates from serpentinite carried down to the mantle by subducting ocean tectonic plates.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "no",
"type": "binary"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
230,
420
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "blue diamonds have also been discovered in the Cullinan... |
Arkansas Highway 201 | [
{
"indices": [
17,
27
],
"target": "Salesville, Arkansas"
},
{
"indices": [
31,
49
],
"target": "Arkansas Highway 341"
},
{
"indices": [
113,
126
],
"target": "Mountain Home, Arkansas"
},
{
"indices": [
175,
180
... | p_142 | AR 201 begins in Salesville at Push Mountain Road. The highway runs west to Shady Grove, when it curves north to Mountain Home. Upon reaching Mountain Home, AR 201 intersects US 62/US 412 before the lone AR 201 spur leaves the main route. AR 201 continues north as S College Street past the Casey House until intersecting 9th Street. A concurrency forms east then north through downtown Mountain Home. AR 5/AR 201 intersect and follow US 62B for six blocks north, passing the Mountain Home Commercial Historic District and Baxter County Courthouse, both on the National Register of Historic Places. The routes run together as Hickory Street when AR 5/AR 201 branch west and US 62B stays east. Shortly after this fork, AR 201 departs AR 5 and heads due north. The highway runs through north Mountain Home and exits town, becoming a winding rural route. AR 201 runs through the unincorporated community of Clarkridge near the Missouri state line, when the road becomes state supplemental route J.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
51,
127
],
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"text": "The highway runs west to Shady Grove, when it curves north... |
Aneirin Talfan Davies | [
{
"indices": [
32,
41
],
"target": "Gorseinon"
},
{
"indices": [
77,
83
],
"target": "London"
},
{
"indices": [
89,
99
],
"target": "Pharmacist"
},
{
"indices": [
142,
149
],
"target": "Swansea"
},
{
... | p_143 | Talfan Davies was brought up in Gorseinon. During the 1930s Davies worked in London as a pharmacist before returning to Wales and settling in Swansea. He was the brother of Sir Alun Talfan Davies QC, with whom he founded the publishing company, Llyfrau'r Dryw (later succeeded by Christopher Davies). Aneirin Talfan Davies, who was known by the bardic name of Aneurin ap Talfan, also founded the Welsh language periodicals, Heddiw () and Barn (). He was Head of Programmes Wales at the BBC and produced broadcasts of early works by Dylan Thomas. Following Dylan's death, he wrote a critical study of Thomas as a religious poet. He also translated the poetry of Christina Rossetti into Welsh, and edited the letters of the artist an poet David Jones, whose influence can be discerned throughout his work.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
43,
150
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "During the 1930s Davies worked in London as a pharmacist b... |
Jonathan Glatzer | [
{
"indices": [
93,
109
],
"target": "Oxford Playhouse"
},
{
"indices": [
126,
153
],
"target": "Shakespeare Theatre Company"
},
{
"indices": [
183,
206
],
"target": "Ensemble Studio Theatre"
},
{
"indices": [
232,
25... | p_144 | Glatzer began his career in theater as a director, staging productions at such venues as the Oxford Playhouse in England, the Shakespeare Theatre Company in Washington, D.C., and the Ensemble Studio Theatre in New York. He attended Colgate University and graduated in 1991. He then attended Columbia University's Film School, where his short Prix Fixe won the school's best film award. Glatzer has also worked as a writer for Touchstone Television and Fox, Warner Brothers, Good Machine and Industry Entertainment. With Robert Lawson, he developed Tyler's Gap, a series for ABC Studios and Fox Television for which David Duchovny and Rob Bowman were executive producers. In 2010, he directed a series of ads against California Proposition 23 (2010). He is a screenwriting fellow at the MacDowell Colony and has taught workshops in writing, directing and acting at Georgetown University and Colgate University.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 132,
"passage": "colgate university",
"start": 125,
"text": "Colgate"
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],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [... |
Ozii Obiyo | [
{
"indices": [
76,
92
],
"target": "Arlington, Texas"
},
{
"indices": [
171,
200
],
"target": "University of Texas at Austin"
},
{
"indices": [
252,
265
],
"target": "Austin, Texas"
},
{
"indices": [
269,
273
],
... | p_145 | Ozii Obiyo (born January 23, 1985) is a Nigerian-American entrepreneur from Arlington, Texas. As a promise to his brother Chuki Obiyo, when they were both students at the University of Texas at Austin, he started the first online African Radio show in Austin, Texas on KVRX called African Extravaganza. Started in 2005, the show showcased a variety of African artists representing different genres and cultures, from Fela Kuti and his Afrobeat to Angelique Kidjo and her Afropop. The fusion of cultures on his show was an experience that Ozii coined as "Afro-fantastic". The radio show led to AfroFantasticTV, a TV show that interviewed students and small business owners on the streets of Austin about African culture through humor. The TV show, broadcast on K09VR, featured Texas business owners discussing how different cultural aspects of Sub-Saharan Africa connected to the Keep Austin Weird business campaign; in one episode, the show featured Mark Cuban, owner of the Dallas Mavericks. As of March 2010, Ozii, through Mediasify, LLC is producing web TV shows, videos, and press releases for business owners.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 9094,
"passage": "angélique kidjo",
"start": 9091,
"text": "EVE"
}
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Eddie Macon | [
{
"indices": [
67,
81
],
"target": "1952 NFL Draft"
},
{
"indices": [
89,
102
],
"target": "Chicago Bears"
},
{
"indices": [
198,
215
],
"target": "Return specialist"
},
{
"indices": [
291,
308
],
"target": "... | p_146 | Macon was drafted in the second round (twentieth selection) of the 1952 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears and became the first African-American player on the team; he spent two years as a halfback and return specialist. He was the second African-American to be drafted by the Bears; the first, George Taliaferro, was drafted by them in 1949, but chose to play in the All-America Football Conference. With the Bears, Macon rushed for 324 yards and two touchdowns on 70 attempts while catching 14 passes for 49 yards and two touchdowns. On 22 kick returns, he averaged 30.5 yards per return and 5.9 yards on 24 punt returns. He left the Bears in 1954 to play for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League. Bears coach and owner George Halas was not pleased about his departure, blackballing Macon and suing him for $100,000. As a result, the Bears refused to acknowledge Macon being on the team. After being out of football for two years, which he spent as a longshoreman, Macon joined the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in 1957 before leaving in 1959 to resume his longshoreman career, but later joined the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League in 1960. With the Raiders, Macon was converted to defensive back, and was tied for second in the league with nine interceptions, which earned him All-Pro honors.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "9",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
618,
713
],
"passage": "main",
"text": ". He left the Bears in 1954 to play for the Calgary St... |
Florence Engelbach | [
{
"indices": [
32,
52
],
"target": "Jerez de la Frontera"
},
{
"indices": [
120,
145
],
"target": "Westminster School of Art"
},
{
"indices": [
157,
176
],
"target": "Slade School of Fine Art"
},
{
"indices": [
250,
... | p_147 | Engelbach was born in Spain, at Jerez de la Frontera, to English parents. During the 1890s she studied in London at the Westminster School of Art and at the Slade School of Art before completing her studies in Paris. Engelbach had works shown at the Laing Art Gallery in Newcastle and at the Paris Salon. In 1901 she had a picture shown, under her maiden name, at the Royal Academy in London. She was awarded a bronze medal at a Women's International Art Club exhibition held in London. In 1902 she married a C.F.R Engelbach and withdrew from a full-time art and exhibition career to raise a family. Engelbach returned to painting in the late 1920s and had a solo show at the Beaux Arts Gallery in 1931. She went on to resume exhibiting at both the Royal Academy and the Paris Salon and also with the Royal Institute of Oil Painters and the National Society of Painters, Sculptors and Gravers/ Printmakers and became a member of the latter two societies. The Goupil, Tooths and Lefevre galleries were among the commercial concerns that showed her work. Originally Engelbach was a portrait painter but later became a specialist flower painter who also painted landscapes. Her painting Roses, from the 1930s, is held in the Tate collection. A memorial exhibition for Engelbach was held at the Leicester Galleries in 1951.
| [
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"text": "Engelbach had works shown at the Laing Art Gallery in New... |
Conservatorio Statale di Musica "Gioachino Rossini" | [
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"target": "Peru"
},
{
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"target": "Nepal"
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{
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408
],
"target": "Kazakhstan"
},
{
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524
],
"target": "Musicology"
},
{
... | p_148 | Following a vote by the faculty, the pianist Ludovico Bramanti became the new Director of the conservatory in 2014, succeeding another pianist, Maurizio Tarsetti, who had held the post since 2008. In the academic year 2009/2010, the conservatory had an enrollment of approximately 850 students. Of those, 821 were Italian with the remainder from 26 other countries as far afield as Peru, Nepal and Kazakhstan. The conservatory offers bachelor and master diplomas in singing, instrumental performance, composition, musicology, choral conducting, jazz and electronic music. It also trains music teachers for secondary schools and holds regular master classes and seminars. Admission to the diploma courses is based on an entrance examination with five €1000 scholarships awarded annually by the Fondazione Rossini. conservatory has three specialised research laboratories: 20th Century and Contemporary Music; Early Music; and Electronic and Experimental Music (LEMS), which was established in 1971 by the Italian composer Aldo Clementi. There are several permanent ensembles in which both students and faculty participate, including the Symphony Orchestra, Wind Orchestra, Jazz Orchestra, Saxophone Ensemble, and Gregorian Choir. The ensembles and soloists perform a variety of public concerts in Pesaro and the surrounding region during the year, including those celebrating Christmas, Easter, Ferragosto, May Day, Festa della Repubblica, and Saint Cecilia's Day. The conservatory also co-produces Progetto Orfeo, an international university festival of opera and musical theatre, and runs two national music competitions, Harpsichord (established in 1991) and Bassoon (established in 2004).
| [
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{
"indices": [
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],
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"text": "Electronic and Experimental Music (LEMS), which was ... |
Me and My Girl | [
{
"indices": [
202,
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"target": "Leicester Haymarket Theatre"
},
{
"indices": [
255,
266
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"target": "Stephen Fry"
},
{
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297,
309
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"target": "Mike Ockrent"
},
{
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333,
348
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"t... | p_149 | The musical was revived in 1941, 1945 and 1949 on the West End. Lupino Lane starred and directed each of these productions, with choreography by Fred Leslie. In 1984, a revised production opened at the Leicester Haymarket Theatre with a revised script by Stephen Fry and contributions by director Mike Ockrent. It transferred to the Adelphi Theatre on 12 February 1985 and closed on 16 January 1993 after an eight-year run and 3,303 performances. It starred Robert Lindsay as Bill Snibson, Emma Thompson and Frank Thornton. The production won two Olivier Awards: Musical of the Year and Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Musical (Robert Lindsay). Cast changes included Enn Reitel as Bill and Su Pollard as Sally in 1986; Gary Wilmot as Bill and Jessica Martin as Sally in 1989. Thornton was succeeded by Nicholas Smith. The production subsequently toured throughout Britain.
| [
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158,
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],
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"text": "In 1984, a revised production opened at the Leicester... |
Mick Rathbone | [
{
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21,
28
],
"target": "Sheldon, West Midlands"
},
{
"indices": [
55,
83
],
"target": "Tile Cross Academy"
},
{
"indices": [
217,
232
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"target": "Birmingham City F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
367,
378
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... | p_150 | Rathbone was born in Sheldon, Birmingham, and attended Sir Wilfrid Martineau School. His parents were both factory workers. He had ambitions to become a doctor, but decided instead to pursue a career in football when Birmingham City, the club he supported, offered him an apprenticeship in December 1974; as a schoolboy Rathbone had been associated with local rivals Aston Villa. He was capped twice at youth level by England. The 17-year-old Rathbone made his first-team debut on 31 August 1976 in a League Cup defeat to Blackpool at Bloomfield Road, and had a poor game as he later admitted that "I was at fault for both goals" and "had absolutely no confidence at all" due to what he deemed to be an intimidating atmosphere in the Birmingham City dressing room. He was so low on confidence that he tried to avoid manager Willie Bell so as to avoid training with or playing for the first team. He also recalled how he was never able to effectively pass the ball, either in training or in matches, to star forward Trevor Francis due to the nerves he felt in the presence of his childhood hero. However, he made his league debut on 20 October, as a substitute replacing Archie Styles in a 1–0 defeat to Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane.
| [] |
Jason Pominville | [
{
"indices": [
92,
99
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},
{
"indices": [
243,
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],
"target": "Power play (sporting term)"
},
{
"indices": [
266,
277
],
"target": "Olaf Kölzig"
},
{
"indices": [
303,
322
],
"tar... | p_151 | To begin the 2005–06 campaign, Pominville had initially been waived by the Sabres. Clearing waivers, he continued to play in the minors until he was called up a few months into the season. He scored his first NHL goal on November 27, 2005 – a powerplay goal against Olaf Kölzig in a 3–2 win against the Washington Capitals. Pominville quickly became an integral part of the Sabres line-up and finished the rest of the season with the Sabres with 18 goals in 57 games. In the 2006 playoffs, he recorded a hat-trick in Game 2 of the first round against the Philadelphia Flyers. Later in the Sabres' playoff run, he scored the series-clinching goal in the second round against the Ottawa Senators – a shorthanded effort in overtime of Game 5. It marked the first time in NHL history that a playoff series was decided by an overtime shorthanded goal. Buffalo announcer Rick Jeanneret marked this occasion with a call that is now famous in Buffalo hockey lore: "Oh, now do you believe? Now do you believe? These guys are good, scary good!" The Sabres had qualified as the fourth seed in the playoffs after failing to qualify the previous three seasons.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": "yes",
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
468,
574
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In the 2006 playoffs, he recorded a hat-trick in Game ... |
George Wright (organist) | [
{
"indices": [
154,
163
],
"target": "Wurlitzer"
},
{
"indices": [
244,
257
],
"target": "San Francisco"
},
{
"indices": [
433,
446
],
"target": "New York City"
},
{
"indices": [
548,
558
],
"target": "Syd Na... | p_152 | In 1938, he had his first playing job at a Chinese night club in Oakland, called the New Shanghai Cafe and Terrace Bowl, which boasted a 2-manual, 6-rank Wurlitzer; the show was broadcast nightly by an Oakland radio station. In 1941, he joined San Francisco radio station KFRC and on the Blue Network by 1942. In December, 1942 he started performing at the San Francisco Fox Theater on Saturday nights. In late 1944, he relocated to New York City to work as organist for NBC radio. He began recording at this time, first cutting 78 RPM records for Syd Nathan's King Records and Regent Records, in addition to securing contracts for transcription disks on the Thesaurus, Associated, and Muzak labels. In New York, he was a guest on the Paul Whiteman"Stairway to the Stars" radio program (May 21, 1946) and Percy Faith, as well as on the network shows of Bing Crosby and Perry Como. He also conducted his own orchestra on the Robert Q. Lewis show and began a seven-year stint playing in a trio with Charles Magnante, accordionist, and Tony Mottola, guitarist, for Jack Berch's NBC show sponsored by the Prudential Insurance Company. The trio, with added bassist Bobby Haggart, recorded five "Soundies," as well.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
949,
1130
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "began a seven-year stint playing in a trio with Charles ... |
Arjan Hasid | [
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"indices": [
36,
43
],
"target": "Karachi"
},
{
"indices": [
67,
80
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"target": "Sindhis"
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{
"indices": [
101,
120
],
"target": "Quit India Movement"
},
{
"indices": [
213,
226
],
"target": "Matriculatio... | p_153 | Arjan Jethanand Tanwani was born in Karachi on 7 January 1930 to a Sindhi family. He participated in Quit India Movement and was a Secretary of Students's Union at Kandiyaro High School. In 1947, he completed his Matriculation from Bombay University and married his wife, Parpari. After the Partition of India, the family migrated to Ahmedabad, India where he joined the Post and Telegraph Department. In 1989, he retired from the service as Postmaster General from Gondal, India. He worked as an All India Radio artist and was on the Sindhi Advisory Board of Central Sahitya Akademi for a decade. A book, Arjan Hasid: A Study, was published in 1996 based on his life and works. He was Chairman of Gujarat Sahitya Akademi in 2002. In 2004, he participated in 1st Indo-Pak Writers' conference at New Delhi and visited Sindh, Pakistan as a member of Indo-Pak conference where he attended the "Shah-Sachal-Sami International Seminar" at Karachi and presented a scholarly paper on 18th-century Sindhi poet Sami.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 271,
"passage": "university of mumbai",
"start": 260,
"text": "Maharashtra"
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indic... |
RAF Wittering | [
{
"indices": [
62,
79
],
"target": "Battle of Britain"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
93
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"target": "The Blitz"
},
{
"indices": [
108,
120
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"target": "No. 12 Group RAF"
},
{
"indices": [
138,
149
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"target": "RAF... | p_154 | the Second World War, the station was very active during the Battle of Britain and the Blitz in 1940–41 in No. 12 Group (controlled from RAF Watnall in Nottingham) as it was the main fighter station for a lot of the southern East Midlands, and fighters from the station would often patrol as far as Birmingham. During the Battle of Britain many squadrons were rotated through Wittering to spells in the south of England with No. 11 Group that was bearing the brunt of the battle. With many of the Luftwaffe raids during the Blitz taking part at night, Wittering-based squadrons were instrumental in the development of night combat techniques. These included the use of the Turbinlite aircraft which replaced the nose with a powerful searchlight insulated in the nose of Havocs and Bostons. In April 1943 No. 141 Squadron were moved in, operating de Havilland Mosquitoes. 1943 also saw the station host 2 USAAF squadrons, albeit temporarily: 63 Fighter Squadron USAAF with its P47s operated from Wittering between January and March before moving to RAF Horsham St Faith; 55 Fighter Squadron operated its P38s and P51s from Wittering between August and March 1944 before moving to nearby RAF Kingscliffe.
| [
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"indices": [
1,
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "the Second World War, the station was very active during th... |
2015–16 Hull City A.F.C. season | [
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182,
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"target": "Derby County F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
259,
269
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"target": "Pride Park Stadium"
},
{
"indices": [
289,
303
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"target": "Abel Hernández"
},
{
"indices": [
425,
438
],
"ta... | p_155 | As a result of Hull finishing in fourth place in the Championship they qualified for the Football League play-offs. In the play-off semi finals Hull played against fifth placed team Derby County over two legs. The first leg was held on 14 May 2016 at Derby's Pride Park. Hull's top scorer Abel Hernández was the first to score with a strike from 25 yards after half an hour. This was followed 10 minutes later with a shot by Moses Odubajo deflected in by defender Jason Shackell. Andrew Robertson completed the scoring with a late stoppage time goal to give Hull a 3–0 advantage going into the second leg at the KC Stadium on 17 May 2016. Derby got off to a great start with a goal from close range by Johnny Russell after 7 minutes. Their lead was doubled when a sliced ball by Andrew Robertson went into his own net 30 minutes later. Derby continued to press but Hull hung on to deny them any further scores. The match ended 2–0 to Derby, but Hull progressed 3–2 on aggregate, much to the relief of manager Steve Bruce who was in charge for the 200th time. The final, on 28 May 2016 at Wembley Stadium, was a local derby against Sheffield Wednesday who beat Brighton & Hove Albion 3–1 on aggregate in the other semi-final. Hull beat Sheffield Wednesday 1–0 in the final with the only goal coming from a 25-yard wonder strike by Mohamed Diamé in the 72nd minute. The Tigers made an immediate return to the top flight and it was Bruce's fourth promotion to the Premier League as manager.
| [
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... |
DPMM FC | [
{
"indices": [
105,
112
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"target": "English language"
},
{
"indices": [
159,
167
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"target": "Association football"
},
{
"indices": [
182,
201
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"target": "Bandar Seri Begawan"
},
{
"indices": [
203,
209
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... | p_156 | Duli Pengiran Muda Mahkota Football Club (His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Brunei Football Club in English, commonly known as DPMM FC) is a professional football club based in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. The club played in the Brunei Premier League in the early 2000s, winning the league title in 2002 and 2004. The club then decided to play in Malaysia, and joined the Malaysian Premier League as a foreign-based team in for the 2005–06 season. They won promotion to the Malaysian Super League (the top tier of Malaysian football) at the end of their first season in Malaysian football, and then finished 3rd and 10th in the following two season in the Super League. The club then left the Malaysian league and joined Singapore's Singapore Premier League for the 2009 season. They won the Singapore League Cup, but were then forced to withdraw from the league competition five games before the end of the season after FIFA suspended the Football Association of Brunei Darussalam for government interference in its affairs, thus barring teams from Brunei from taking part in overseas competitions. All the club's league results for 2009 were therefore expunged. At the end of the suspension, they re-entered the S.League and won the title in 2015, just after a near-miss in 2014.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
211,
317
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The club played in the Brunei Premier League in the early... |
Al-Maqrizi | [
{
"indices": [
31,
36
],
"target": "Cairo"
},
{
"indices": [
67,
72
],
"target": "Egypt"
},
{
"indices": [
237,
259
],
"target": "Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah"
},
{
"indices": [
334,
351
],
"target": "Ali"
},
{... | p_157 | Al-Maqrīzī was born in Fatimid Cairo and spent most of his life in Egypt, When he presents himself in his books he usually stops at the 10th forefather although he confessed to some of his close friends that he can trace his ancestry to Al-Mu‘izz li-Dīn Allāh -first Fatimid caliph in Egypt and the founder of al-Qahirah- and even to Ali ibn Abi Talib. He was trained in the Hanafite school of law. Later, he switched to the Shafi'ite school and finally to the Zahirite school. Maqrizi studied theology under one of the primary masterminds behind the Zahiri Revolt, and his vocal support and sympathy with that revolt against the Mamluks likely cost him higher administrative and clerical positions with the Mamluk regime. The name Maqrizi was an attribution to a quarter of the city of Baalbek, from where his paternal grandparents hailed. Maqrizi confessed to his contemporaries that he believed that he was related to the Fatimids through the son of al-Muizz. Ibn Hajar preserves the most memorable account: his father, as they entered the al-Hakim Mosque one day, told him "My son, you are entering the mosque of your ancestor." However, his father also instructed al-Maqrizi not to reveal this information to anyone he could not trust; Walker concludes:
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 386,
"passage": "cairo",
"start": 378,
"text": "the Nile"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0... |
Morphogen | [
{
"indices": [
116,
126
],
"target": "Drosophila"
},
{
"indices": [
139,
149
],
"target": "Genetics"
},
{
"indices": [
151,
169
],
"target": "Thomas Hunt Morgan"
},
{
"indices": [
198,
211
],
"target": "Lewis... | p_158 | The concept of the morphogen has a long history in developmental biology, dating back to the work of the pioneering Drosophila (fruit fly) geneticist, Thomas Hunt Morgan, in the early 20th century. Lewis Wolpert refined the morphogen concept in the 1960s with the French flag model, which described how a morphogen could subdivide a tissue into domains of different target gene expression (corresponding to the colours of the French flag). This model was championed by the leading Drosophila biologist, Peter Lawrence. Christiane Nusslein-Volhard was the first to identify a morphogen, Bicoid, one of the transcription factors present in a gradient in the Drosophila syncitial embryo. She was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for her work explaining the morphogenic embryology of the common fruit fly. Groups led by Gary Struhl and Stephen Cohen then demonstrated that a secreted signalling protein, Decapentaplegic (the Drosophila homologue of transforming growth factor beta), acted as a morphogen during the later stages of Drosophila development.
| [
{
"answer": {
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
685,
824
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "She was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology an... |
Elijah Mizrachi | [
{
"indices": [
42,
47
],
"target": "Rashi"
},
{
"indices": [
68,
73
],
"target": "Torah"
},
{
"indices": [
134,
159
],
"target": "Rabbinic literature"
},
{
"indices": [
187,
193
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"target": "Venice"
},
{... | p_159 | Sefer ha-Mizrachi is a supercommentary on Rashi's commentary on the Torah. It is counted in its own right as among the most important commentaries on the Torah. It was first published in Venice in 1527 after Mizrachi's death, by his son Israel. Mizrachi himself considered his commentary on Rashi the most important of his works (Responsa, Nos. 5, 78). The work shows Rashi's Talmudic and midrashic sources, and elucidates all obscure passages. It was written, partially, to defend Rashi from the strictures of the later commentators, particularly Nachmanides. A compendium by Jacob Marcaria was published under the title Kitzur Mizrachi (Trento, 1561), and later, one by Isaac ha-Kohen of Ostroh, entitled Mattenat 'Ani (Prague, 1604-9). Several commentaries have been written on Mizrachi, including Yeri'ot Shlomo by Solomon Luria (Maharshal), a supercommentary on Sefer ha-Mizrachi by Barzillai ben Baruch Jabez, and strictures on the work by Samuel Edels, (Maharsha).
| [
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
561,
652
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "A compendium by Jacob Marcaria was published under the ti... |
Woluwe-Saint-Lambert | [
{
"indices": [
111,
121
],
"target": "Bronze Age"
},
{
"indices": [
320,
333
],
"target": "Lambert of Maastricht"
},
{
"indices": [
392,
397
],
"target": "Liège"
},
{
"indices": [
491,
497
],
"target": "Canon... | p_160 | Several archaeological finds on the territory of Woluwe-Saint-Lambert show traces of human activity during the Bronze Age. The first historical mention of the village, however, dates from the 11th century, when some of the forested land near the Woluwe River was cleared for farming. A church was built and dedicated to Saint Lambert, the 7th-century bishop of Maastricht who was martyred in Liège. At the end of the 12th century, the rights to the parish of Saint Lambert were given to the canons of the chapter of St. Michael and Gudula in Brussels. Various charitable organizations and hospitals then started acquiring land in this area. Throughout the Middle Ages, Woluwe was part of the Duchy of Brabant, governed under the usual feudal arrangement of those times. Among the Dukes' vassals were some powerful local lords and landowners. Some of Woluwe's territory also belonged to the powerful Forest Abbey (Vorst in Dutch) and Park Abbey.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 878,
"passage": "duchy of brabant",
"start": 872,
"text": "Leuven"
},
{
"end": 888,
"passage": "duchy of brabant",
"start": 880,
"text": "Brussels"
},
... |
Jingaku Takashi | [
{
"indices": [
59,
67
],
"target": "Sakahoko Nobushige"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
77
],
"target": "Terao Tsunefumi"
},
{
"indices": [
94,
99
],
"target": "Kendo"
},
{
"indices": [
121,
134
],
"target": "Izutsu st... | p_161 | He came from the same area of Japan as future stable-mates Sakahoko and Terao. He was fond of kendo at school. He joined Izutsu stable in 1977, and first reached a sekitori rank in July 1982 when he was promoted to the juryo division. He first made the top makuuchi division in January 1983 but posted a losing record of 4–11 and so was immediately demoted. He won promotion back to the top division in January 1984, and remained there for virtually all of the rest of his career. In September 1984 he defeated a yokozuna for the first time when he upset Kitanoumi in one of the latter's final tournaments. He made the sanyaku ranks for the first time in November 1987 when he reached komusubi, but he proved to be out of his depth and scored only two wins against thirteen losses. He made komusubi once more in September 1990 at the age of 30, but again struggled, winning only three bouts. He suffered from stage fright, losing weight during tournaments because of stomach upsets. This affected his performance against top ranked wrestlers – he stumbled out of the dohyo in a match against Hokutoumi in September 1990 with his opponent barely having to touch him. He was restricted by a foot problem as well as digestive illness towards the end of his career. After 46 consecutive tournaments in the top division he was demoted to juryo after scoring only 4-11 at maegashira 15 in the July 1991 tourney, and he pulled out of the following tournament with a knee injury after fighting only one match. This brought to an end his streak of 1036 consecutive matches from sumo entry. He announced his retirement shortly afterwards.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": "1",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
111,
142
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He joined Izutsu stable in 1977"
},
{
... |
Sassari | [
{
"indices": [
49,
64
],
"target": "Metres above sea level"
},
{
"indices": [
94,
101
],
"target": "KARST"
},
{
"indices": [
154,
161
],
"target": "Asinara"
},
{
"indices": [
170,
175
],
"target": "Nurra"
}... | p_162 | Sassari is located in north-western Sardinia, at above sea level. The area rises up on a wide karstic plateau that slopes gently down towards the Gulf of Asinara and the Nurra plain. The city is surrounded by a green belt of thousands of hectares of olive plantations, which from the 19th century have partly replaced the mixed woodlands of oak and other Mediterranean trees as well as the maquis shrubland. The thinly populated Nurra Plain, located to the west, occupies the main part of the region of Sassari, while the urban agglomeration, with a population of about 275,000 inhabitants, is located to the south east. The abundance of water, with about 400 springs and artesian wells, has made for much development of horticulture over the centuries.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
183,
267
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The city is surrounded by a green belt of thousands of he... |
Pallikaranai wetland | [
{
"indices": [
37,
42
],
"target": "Marsh"
},
{
"indices": [
58,
65
],
"target": "Chennai"
},
{
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"target": "India"
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"target": "Bay of Bengal"
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"i... | p_163 | Pallikaranai wetland is a freshwater marsh in the city of Chennai, India. It is situated adjacent to the Bay of Bengal, about south of the city centre, and has a geographical area of . Pallikaranai marshland is the only surviving wetland ecosystem of the city and is among the few and last remaining natural wetlands of South India. It is one of the 94 identified wetlands under National Wetland Conservation and Management Programme (NWCMP) operationalised by the Government of India in 1985–86 and one of the three in the state of Tamil Nadu, the other two being Point Calimere and Kazhuveli. It is also one of the prioritised wetlands of Tamil Nadu. The topography of the swamp is such that it always retains some storage, thus forming an aquatic ecosystem. A project on 'Inland Wetlands of India' commissioned by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India had prioritised Pallikaranai marsh as one of the most significant wetlands of the country. The marsh contains several rare or endangered and threatened species and acts as a forage and breeding ground for thousands of migratory birds from various places within and outside the country. The number of bird species sighted in the wetland is significantly higher than the number at Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary.
| [
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Khrushchev: The Man and His Era | [
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"target": "On the Cult of Personali... | p_164 | On February 25, 1956, Khrushchev gave a clandestine speech to the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which was entitled, "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", which denounced Stalin and his protégés. Khrushchev charged Stalin with fostering a personality cult, despite maintaining support for the ideals of communism. The speech was highly critical of Stalin and his reign of terror, primarily denouncing the purges of the Soviet military and Communist Party, which had taken place during the latter part of the 1930s. The speech brought forth several accusations, notably those concerning the Moscow Trials, where rulings were made, based on forced confessions, which were obtained through torture. Judicial decisions were determined, based on liberal interpretations of Article 58 of the Russian SFSR Penal Code, which was introduced in 1927, in order to arrest individuals suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. Due process, in accordance with Soviet law, was often dismissed and replaced with summary proceedings issued by institutional commissions known as NKVD troikas, who issued sentences to the accused without representation, defense, or trial.
| [
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2015 LSU Tigers football team | [
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"target": "2008 LSU Tigers football team"
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"target": "Leonard Fournette"
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{
"indices": [
269,
283
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... | p_165 | The previous season was one of the worst for LSU under Les Miles, matching the record of the 2008 LSU Tigers football team. The team did manage to sign the consensus #2 recruiting class in the country, including top rated recruits Leonard Fournette, Malachi Dupre, and Brandon Harris, all who made contributions during the season. After the bowl game, Defensive Coordinator John Chavis announced he was leaving LSU for the same position at Texas A&M. LSU hired former Alabama defensive coordinator Kevin Steele to fill the position, and subsequently hired former Ole Miss head coach Ed Orgeron to coach the defensive line. Former defensive line coach and ace recruiter Brick Haley departed for the same position at Texas in February.
| [
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"text": "and subsequently hired former Ole Miss head coach Ed Or... |
Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base | [
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228,
250
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"target": "Presidency of John F. Kennedy"
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{
"indices": [
321,
... | p_166 | Following the defeat of Royal Lao Army in the Battle of Luang Namtha in early May 1962 by People's Army of Vietnam and Pathet Lao forces, it appeared that a communist invasion of northern Thailand was imminent and on 15 May the Kennedy Administration ordered US combat forces into Thailand to deter any attack. On 18 May VMA-332 equipped with 20 A-4 Skyhawks deployed to Udorn from Naval Air Station Cubi Point in the Philippines and HMM-261 helicopters flew into the base. On 19 May detachments of Marine Air Control Squadrons 1 and 4 and Marine Air Base Squadron 12 were also flown into the base. On 19 May the command group of the 3rd Marine expeditionary brigade and the Battalion Landing Team 3rd Battalion, 9th Marines began flying in from Bangkok and then moved north to the town of Nong Khai. The Marines conducted field training exercises with the Royal Thai Army and civic action with Thai civilians while Naval Mobile Construction Battalion Ten which arrived in late May established a base camp and repaired public buildings. In late June HMM-162 replaced HMM-261.
| [
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Anthony Sadler | [
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"... | p_167 | Anthony Sadler Jr. (born July 13, 1992) is an American-French television personality. Sadler, along with Alek Skarlatos and Spencer Stone, stopped a gunman on a Paris-bound train travelling from Amsterdam via Brussels in August 2015, gaining international recognition for their role in the event. Recognized by then-U.S. President Barack Obama and French President François Hollande, Sadler received several awards and decorations for his actions. He, along with his friends, was awarded the Legion of Honour by the French president which is the highest French order for military and civil merits. After the event, Sadler made several television appearances, including a guest appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and honored with the on Spike TV, among other appearances. He, Skarlatos and Stone co-authored a memoir, titled The 15:17 to Paris, published in August 2016, which detailed the events leading up to the attack, which occurred a year prior to the release of the book. Clint Eastwood directed a biographical based on Sadler, Skarlatos and Stone's memoir, starring them, along with actresses Jenna Fischer and Judy Greer. The film was released in early 2018 by Warner Bros. Pictures. Sadler graduated from California State University, Sacramento in 2017.
| [
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... |
Sam Ervin | [
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"target": "Southern Democrats"
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{
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"tar... | p_168 | Samuel James "Sam" Ervin Jr. (September 27, 1896April 23, 1985) was an American politician. A Democrat, he served as a U.S. Senator from North Carolina from 1954 to 1974. A native of Morganton, he liked to call himself a "country lawyer," and often told humorous stories in his Southern drawl. During his Senate career, Ervin was a legal defender of the Jim Crow laws and racial segregation, as the South's constitutional expert during the congressional debates on civil rights. Unexpectedly, he became a liberal hero for his support of civil liberties. He is remembered for his work in the investigation committees that brought down Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1954 and especially for his investigation of the Watergate scandal in 1972 that led to the resignation of Richard Nixon.
| [
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Gorham's Rangers | [
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"indices": [
119,
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"target": "John Gorham (military officer)"
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{
"indices": [
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242
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"target": "Rogers' Rangers"
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{
"indices": [
270,
... | p_169 | Gorham's Rangers was one of the most famous and effective ranger units raised in the colonial North America. Formed by John Gorham, the unit served as the prototype for many subsequent ranger forces, including the better known Rogers' Rangers. The unit started out as a Massachusetts provincial auxiliary company, which means it was not part of the province's normal militia system. Recruited in the summer of 1744 at the start of King George's War, Governor William Shirley ordered the unit raised as reinforcements for the then-besieged British garrison at Fort Anne in Annapolis Royal. Over the next eight years the unit proved remarkably effective at suppressing Acadian and Mi'kmaq resistance to British rule in Nova Scotia and helped to both expand and secure the British sphere of influence in the region. Initially a sixty-man all-Indian company led by British colonial officers, the original Native American members of the unit were gradually replaced by Anglo-Americans and recent Scots and Irish immigrants and were a minority in the unit by the mid-1750s. The company were reconnaissance experts as well as renowned for their expertise at both water-borne operations and frontier guerrilla warfare. They were known for surprise amphibious raids on Acadian and Mi'kmaq coastal or riverine settlements, using large whaleboats, which carried between ten and fifteen rangers each. This small unit was the main British military force defending Nova Scotia from 1744 to 1749. The company became part of the British army and was expanded during the Seven Years' War and went on to play an important role in fighting in Nova Scotia as well as participating in many of the important campaigns of the war, particularly distinguishing itself at the Siege of Quebec in 1759.
| [
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... |
Chris Mihm | [
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "LaSalle Thompson"
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{
"indices": [
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"target": "Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball"
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{
"indices": [
1... | p_170 | He tied the UT freshman record for rebounds in a game (LaSalle Thompson, 1979–80) with 17 boards at Texas Tech. He recorded a team-high of eight double-doubles, and pulled down 10 or more rebounds in a game 10 times. His put-back of a Kris Clack miss with 15 seconds left proved to be the game-winner in UT's 81-80 Big Monday victory at Texas A&M. Mihm got a piece of Rayford Young's last-second shot to preserve an 82-80 win at Texas Tech, he has hit a pair of free throws with eight seconds left to provide the final margin in an 86-83 UT win over Texas Tech in the first round of the Big 12 Tournament. He blocked at least one shot in 29 of 31 games, Mihm would miss the first month of practice (his foot was in a plastic boot for three weeks) while recovering from a mild stress injury in his right foot. He was limited to four practices prior to the season opener.
| [
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"indices": [
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"text": "Mihm got a piece of Rayford Young's last-second shot to... |
Peyton C. March | [
{
"indices": [
105,
126
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"target": "Arthur MacArthur Jr."
},
{
"indices": [
138,
161
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"target": "Philippine–American War"
},
{
"indices": [
279,
291
],
"target": "Loyd Wheaton"
},
{
"indices": [
319,
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],
... | p_171 | After the battery returned from the Philippines in 1899, March was assigned as the aide to Major General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. during the Philippine–American War. Later that year he was promoted to major. He continued to serve in the Philippines, participated as part of General Loyd Wheaton's expedition in battles at San Fabian, Buntayan Bridge and San Jacinto. He commanded the U.S. forces in the Battle of Tirad Pass, 2 December 1899, where General Gregorio del Pilar was killed, and received the surrender of General Venacio Concepción, Chief of Staff to Philippine President Aguinaldo at Cayan, 5 December 1899. He served as provincial governor of districts including Lepanto-Bontoc and Ilocos Sur from February to June 1900, and then the Abra Province from June 1900 to February 1901. He then served as Commissary General of Prisoners for the Philippine Islands through 30 June 1901, when he mustered out of the U.S. Volunteers.
| [
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"end": 383,
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{
... |
Karl H. Timmermann | [
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"indices": [
80,
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{
"indices": [
123,
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"target": "15th Infantry Regiment (United States)"
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{
"indices": [
153,
174
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"target": "3rd Infantry Division (United States)"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_172 | On July 6, 1940, Karl Timmermann enlisted in the U.S. Army. He was stationed at Fort Lewis, Washington and assigned to the 15th Infantry Regiment of the 3rd Infantry Division. After the Japanese military attacked Pearl Harbor, his unit began training for war. The 3rd Infantry Division, with the 41st Infantry Division, were then part of IX Corps. In May 1941, the two divisions moved to the Hunter Liggett Military Reservation where June war games pitted them against Major General Joseph Stilwell's 7th Division and the 40th Division. Large scale maneuvers continued in August on the Olympic Peninsula, with IX Corps defending Tacoma, Washington until the two divisions from California could arrive to assist.
| [
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{
"indices": [
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"passage": "main",
"text": "Timmermann enlisted in the U.S. Army. He was stationed a... |
Edward Stuart Cardinal Dyke | [
{
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58,
72
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"target": "Cape Peninsula"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
106
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"target": "Hottentots Holland Mountains"
},
{
"indices": [
178,
184
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"target": "Fynbos"
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{
"indices": [
196,
220
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"target... | p_173 | In his spare time during his working life, he climbed the Cape Peninsula mountains, the Hottentots-Holland mountains, and nearby ranges, all of which are spectacular examples of Fynbos, including Peninsula Granite Fynbos, Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos and a number of related biomes. Later, when the railway administration moved to Johannesburg, he continued his explorations in various parts of the Drakensberg mountains, as well as on visits to Lesotho. On such excursions he collected avidly and sent specimens to Dr Rudolf Marloth. He extended his explorations to other regions as well; for example, while climbing the Cockscomb Mountains in the Winterberg range near Uitenhage he discovered a hitherto unrecognised species of Protea, later named Protea dykei Phill (now seen as a synonym of Protea rupicola). On Matroosberg in the Hex River Mountains, he discovered a new species of "everlasting", flowers that in those days were generally included in the genus Helichrysum. That species was described by Harry Bolus under the name Helichrysum dykei Bolus. The genus has since been split however, and the species has been assigned to another genus, as Syncarpha dykei (Bolus) B. Nord. Dyke's name also appears in the names of Erica dykei L. Bolus (= Erica thodei Gilg) and Lessertia dykei L. Bolus.
| [
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Nick Gillekens | [
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},
{
"indices": [
99,
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"target": "K.V. Kortrijk"
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{
"indices": [
204,
216
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"target": "Logan Bailly"
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{
"indices": [
218,
231
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"target": "... | p_174 | Gillekens made his debut for OH Leuven in the 2014–15 Belgian Cup in the sixth round match against Kortrijk, a 1-3 loss, although that season he was part of the reserves and only fourth goalkeeper behind Logan Bailly, Yves Lenaerts and Senne Vits. Later that season he also played one match in the 2014–15 Belgian Second Division against Mons. Although Gillekens was promoted to third keeper for the 2015–16 season, he did not play a single match that season. Following the relegation from the 2015–16 Belgian Pro League, first goalkeeper Rudy Riou was released while second goalkeeper Yves Lenaerts had already signed for ASV Geel. As such, Gillekens was promoted to first goalkeeper for the 2016–17 season in the Belgian First Division B. During the winter 2017–18 transfer window OH Leuven signed Kawin Thamsatchanan, captain of the Thailand national football team and soon thereafter Gillekens was demoted to reserve goalkeeper. Following Thamsatchanan's injury during the 2018–19 season, Gillekens again became first goalkeeper for a few matches before then being surpassed by Laurent Henkinet. Towards the end of the season, Gillekens was even demoted to third goalkeeper with Thamsatchanan now taking his place on the bench and after the final match of the season it became clear that Gillekens would not be signing a new deal at OH Leuven.
| [
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"text": "Gillekens made his debut for OH Leuven in the 2014–15 B... |
Eugene Schuyler | [
{
"indices": [
150,
155
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"target": "Volga River"
},
{
"indices": [
159,
165
],
"target": "Samara"
},
{
"indices": [
187,
195
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"target": "Orenburg"
},
{
"indices": [
301,
308
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"target": "Bukhara"
},
... | p_175 | In the spring of 1868 he made his first trip to the edge of Central Asia, traveling with a Russian merchant, Vasilii Alekseich, by steamboat down the Volga to Samara, then by carriage to Orenburg, which at the time was the base for Russian military operations The Russians had occupied the Khanate of Bukhara in 1866 and were advancing toward Samarkand. In 1868, Schuyler was a guest of Tolstoi for a week at his estate at Yasnaya Polyana, at the time when Tolstoi was finishing War and Peace. He helped Tolstoi rearrange his library, and went hunting with him. Tolstoi, who was interested in public education in the United States, asked Schuyler for copies of American primers and school textbooks. Schuyler received Tolstoi's permission to translate his novel The Cossacks into English. In 1869, the new Administration of President Ulysses Grant removed Schuyler from his post in Moscow and replaced him with a political appointee. Schuyler was able to obtain a post as consul to the Russian port of Reval (now Tallinn). In November, 1869, President Grant appointed a new Minister to Russia, Andrew Curtin, a former Governor of Pennsylvania who knew nothing of Russia. Curtin was impressed by Schuyler and appointed him as the secretary of the American legation in St. Petersburg, a post which Schuyler held until 1876.
| [
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"indices": [
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419
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"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1868, Schuyler was a guest of Tolstoi for a week at... |
Commelina hockii | [
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47,
63
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"target": "Commelinaceae"
},
{
"indices": [
83,
97
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"target": "Central Africa"
},
{
"indices": [
117,
125
],
"target": "Tanzania"
},
{
"indices": [
156,
188
],
"target": "Democratic... | p_176 | Commelina hockii is an herbaceous plant in the dayflower family found primarily in Central Africa, from southwestern Tanzania in the east, west through the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia, and possibly extending further west to Angola. The species' distinctive features include its long, tapering spathes with unfused margins, its white flowers, and its many-flowered lower cymes. It can be found in grasslands and Brachystegia-dominated woodland. It is fairly unusual among Commelina species in having variation in the color of the antherodes (i.e. non-functional anthers), with some individuals having entirely yellow antherodes, while others contain a dark spot in the center. Also, it is one of the only Commelina species known to leave a papery residue of dried fluid inside its spathes; normally only fused-spathe species are known to produce this substance. Only one specimen from Angola resembles this species, but it has blue flowers, suggesting it may be a poorly understood and as-yet undescribed separate species. Commelina hockii is probably closely related to Commelina kituloensis, which shares a similar fruit type, the same tufted perennial habit, similar large spathes with dried fluid substance, and equally numerously flowered inflorescences. That species differs in having purplish flowers, hairy leaves, shorter spathes, and a preference for high altitude grassland.
| [
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... |
Alan Knight (footballer) | [
{
"indices": [
14,
29
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},
{
"indices": [
209,
239
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"target": "Football League Third Division"
},
{
"indices": [
252,
268
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"target": "Rotherham United F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
395,
407... | p_177 | Knight joined Portsmouth F.C. as an apprentice at the age of 14 and signed a professional contract with the club in 1977. He went on to make his debut for the club a year later, keeping a clean sheet in a 2–0 Football League Third Division win against Rotherham United with Portsmouth's relegation to the fourth tier of English football already confirmed. Knight served as reserve goalkeeper to Peter Mellor for the next three seasons, making eight appearances during Pompey's 1979–80 promotion season, before establishing himself as the team's first choice goalkeeper during the 1981–82 season where he was named the fans' player of the season for the first time. Knight was a member of the team that won the Third Division championship in 1982–83 and was given a debut for the England U21 team in a 1984 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifier against Greece at Portsmouth's ground Fratton Park. He made one further appearance for the England U21s against Hungary, before first choice goalkeeper Gary Bailey returned from injury. England went on to win the final tournament, with Knight's Portsmouth teammate Mark Hateley named player of the tournament.
| [
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"context": [
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"indices": [
503,
594
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"passage": "main",
"text": "before establishing himself as the team's first choice go... |
Mark Romer, Baron Romer | [
{
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35,
52
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},
{
"indices": [
60,
70
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"target": "High Court of Justice"
},
{
"indices": [
97,
126
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"target": "Arthur Frederick Peterson"
},
{
"indices": [
204,
226
... | p_178 | Romer was appointed a judge of the Chancery Division of the High Court in 1922, in succession to Sir Arthur Frederick Peterson, and received the customary knighthood the same year. In 1929, he was made a Lord Justice of Appeal and sworn of the Privy Council. On 5 January 1938, he was appointed Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in succession to Lord Roche and was made a life peer with the title Baron Romer, of New Romney in the County of Kent. He resigned as Lord of Appeal in April 1944, and died four months later. His son, Sir Charles Romer, was appointed to the Chancery Division two months after his death, following in the steps of both his father and grandfather.
| [
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... |
2016 American League Division Series | [
{
"indices": [
69,
85
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"target": "Ezequiel Carrera"
},
{
"indices": [
155,
169
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"target": "Josh Donaldson"
},
{
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204,
221
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"target": "Edwin Encarnación"
},
{
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226,
239
],
"target... | p_179 | The Blue Jays opened the scoring in the third inning with five runs. Ezequiel Carrera walked with one out, moved to second on a wild pitch, then scored on Josh Donaldson's double. Back-to-back singles by Edwin Encarnacion and Jose Bautista made it 2–0. After Russell Martin walked to load the bases, Troy Tulowitzki cleared them with a triple. Rangers' starter Cole Hamels threw 42 pitches that inning, the most pitches in an inning he had ever thrown. Next inning, Melvin Upton Jr.'s leadoff home run made it 6–0. Rangers' shortstop Elvis Andrus's throwing error to first allowed Devon Travis to reach. He moved to second on a passed ball, then scored on Josh Donaldson's single to make it 7–0 and knock Hamels out of the game. The Rangers bullpen tossed 4 scoreless innings, but after back-to-back singles to lead off the ninth off Jake Diekman, Bautista hit a three-run home run amid boos from the Rangers crowd, giving the Blue Jays a 10–0 lead. Blue Jays' starter Marco Estrada went a strong 8 innings having given up only four hits and one earned run (in the ninth when Andrus hit a leadoff triple and scored on Shin-Soo Choo's groundout) on 98 pitches.
| [
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History of the Republic of India | [
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},
{
"indices": [
177,
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"target": "Soviet Union"
},
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296,
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"target": "Suez Canal Company"
},
{
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333,
341
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"tar... | p_180 | Nehru's foreign policy was the inspiration of the Non-Aligned Movement, of which India was a co-founder. Nehru maintained friendly relations with both the United States and the Soviet Union, and encouraged the People's Republic of China to join the global community of nations. In 1956, when the Suez Canal Company was seized by the Egyptian government, an international conference voted 18–4 to take action against Egypt. India was one of the four backers of Egypt, along with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and the USSR. India had opposed the partition of Palestine and the 1956 invasion of the Sinai by Israel, the United Kingdom and France, but did not oppose the Chinese direct control over Tibet, and the suppression of a pro-democracy movement in Hungary by the Soviet Union. Although Nehru disavowed nuclear ambitions for India, Canada and France aided India in the development of nuclear power stations for electricity. India also negotiated an agreement in 1960 with Pakistan on the just use of the waters of seven rivers shared by the countries. Nehru had visited Pakistan in 1953, but owing to political turmoil in Pakistan, no headway was made on the Kashmir dispute.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 19978,
"passage": "suez canal company",
"start": 19970,
"text": " Britain"
},
{
"end": 19986,
"passage": "suez canal company",
"start": 19980,
"text": "France"
... |
Ferrari 330 TRI/LM | [
{
"indices": [
29,
40
],
"target": "1961 World Sportscar Championship"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
68
],
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},
{
"indices": [
80,
98
],
"target": "Giancarlo Baghetti"
},
{
"indices": [
122,
... | p_181 | It returned to racing in the 1961 season for the 12 Hours of Sebring, driven by Giancarlo Baghetti, Mairesse, Ginther and Wolfgang von Trips, finishing second overall behind teammates Phil Hill and Olivier Gendebien. At the Targa Florio it was team's sole front-engine entry, with Mairesse and Pedro Rodríguez driving. They retired after one of the drivers crashed during practice. 0780TR returned to the factory for repairs and modification of its nose to TRI/61 style. This was completed in time for the car to be run by the factory-supported North American Racing Team in the 1961 1000 km Nürburgring. Driven by Pedro Rodríguez and his younger brother Ricardo, the car finished second behind the Maserati Tipo 61 of Lloyd Casner and Masten Gregory. The Rodriguez brothers had to pit late in the race after destroying a front wheel, eliminating any chance of a win. The car then was entered by Scuderia Ferrari in the 1961 24 Hours of Le Mans, driven by Mairesse and Mike Parkes. After a poor start, they finished second, again behind Hill and Gendebien. They ran third for much of the race, achieving second when the Rodríguez brothers' 250 TRI61 retired with broken pistons with two hours to go. In the season-ending Pescara 4 Hours 0780TR was driven to victory by Scuderia Ferrari's Lorenzo Bandini and Giorgio Scarlatti, despite an oil leak that saw Bandini fall back to 27th. From this position, he regained second place with his rapid pace and won when the leading Camoradi Maserati Tipo 61 retired.
| [
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"in... |
Stevedore | [
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},
{
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{
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"target": "English language"
},
{
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"target": "Sailor"
},
{
... | p_182 | The word stevedore originated in Portugal or Spain, and entered the English language through its use by sailors. It started as a phonetic spelling of estivador (Portuguese) or estibador (Spanish), meaning a man who loads ships and stows cargo, which was the original meaning of stevedore (though there is a secondary meaning of "a man who stuffs" in Spanish); compare Latin stīpāre meaning to stuff, as in to fill with stuffing. In the United Kingdom, people who load and unload ships are usually called dockers, in Australia dockers or wharfies, while in the United States and Canada the term longshoreman, derived from man-along-the-shore, is used. Before extensive use of container ships and shore-based handling machinery in the United States, longshoremen referred exclusively to the dockworkers, while stevedores, in a separate trade union, worked on the ships, operating ship's cranes and moving cargo. In Canada, the term stevedore has also been used, for example, in the name of the Western Stevedoring Company, Ltd., based in Vancouver, B.C., in the 1950s.
| [
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"text": " Spain"
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"indices": [
0... |
Uropa Lula | [
{
"indices": [
295,
304
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"target": "John Cale"
},
{
"indices": [
306,
320
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"target": "Alternative TV"
},
{
"indices": [
325,
337
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"target": "Depeche Mode"
},
{
"indices": [
521,
532
],
"target": "Nicky ... | p_183 | In 1980, Lloyd formed Uropa Lula with Hilde Swendgaard (manager) and Kevin Smith (drums), making two short films, "Here in the Sun" and "At Night Time" with Video Active. They were joined by Colin Prior (bass) and Peter Fromm (keyboards) in 1981 and began performing live in London, opening for John Cale, Alternative TV and Depeche Mode. American bass player Allan Dias replaced Prior in August of the same year. In September, the band recorded three songs, "Here's a Medal", "Timber Fall" I and "My Black Hour" for the Nicky Horne Capital Radio show. Leeds-born drummer Andrew Edge joined the group later that year. Uropa Lula signed to Arista Records in May 1982 and spent the rest of that year recording album tracks and their first two singles, "Our Love Has Just Begun" and "Fell Upon a Jewel" at Trident Studios, The Manor Studio, Townhouse Studios and RAK Studios. To tie in with the release of the first single, the band recorded a live session for the David Jensen show on Radio 1 for the BBC. The session was produced by Dale Griffin, the English drummer and founding member of 1970s rock band Mott the Hoople and featured two songs, "Here's a Medal" and "Timber Fall I". A month later, Uropa Lula returned to London's Capital Radio to record their second live session for the Nicky Horne show playing two songs, "I Am My Older Brother" and "Leather and Metal (Winter's Here)". In the fall of 1982, guitarist Chester Kamen and keyboard player Carol Isaacs joined the group in time for tours of the UK and US in 1983. The group's opening US show was at the Ritz in New York (1 February 1982). This was followed by dates at the Mudd Club (7 February 1982), the in Washington, D.C., the New Jersey City Gardens and a show at the Brooklyn Zoo (26 February 1982) where they shared the bill with Holly and the Italians. Upon their return to the UK, on 2 June 1982 the group played at the Camden Palace (now called Koko) and opened for Big Country at the Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool (19 June 1982) and John Cale at The Venue, Victoria, London (5 July 1982). With some irony, the band had by this point changed their name to Viva Lula and as part of the promotion of their third single, "Dad Sings the Blues"; they toured the UK with Big Country in June 1983. Lloyd disbanded the group in October 1983 and embarked on a solo career, albeit continuing to work with Uropa Lula members Kamen, Dias and Smith throughout the '80s.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "They were joined by Colin Prior (bass) and Peter From... |
Irresistible (Jessica Simpson album) | [
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"indices": [
155,
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"target": "House music"
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{
"indices": [
250,
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"target": "Dance-pop"
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{
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301,
309
],
"target": "Pop rock"
},
{
"indices": [
314,
318
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"target": "Funk"
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... | p_184 | Simpson described Irresistibles material as "Mariah Carey meets Britney Spears ... very mature but accessible to teens." She said that she wanted to blend house, R&B, pop genres into the record. The opening track, "Irresistible", is an R&B song with dance-pop influences. It also exhibits elements of pop rock and funk genres, while incorporating latin rhythms. Aside from including a string section, the track features Simpson's breathy vocals, spoken passages and a mid-section breakdown, where her vocals are "funk-fortified". According to author Ben Graham, the lyrics of the song see Simpson stripping her famous virginity image down. Bob Waliszewski of Plugged In gave a similar observation of the lyrics, writing that they point to an imminent sexual compromise. "A Little Bit" is a dance-pop song following the same beat-oriented pattern as "Irresistible". It features piano instrumentation and Simpson sings the lyrics as rapid-fire verses and with start-and-stop hooks. Simpson again adopts breathy vocals, and the lyrics talk about what she expects from her partner: "A little more time, a little less wait / A little more heart, a little less break". The lyrics also demand healthy changes in her relationship. "Forever In Your Eyes" explores elements of Latin music, as the song is backed by Spanish guitar and infused with hip-hop beats. The lyrics describe a couple in love lying together "all through the night". "There You Were" is a torchy power ballad which drew comparisons to Simpson's previous song "Where You Are" (2000). The lyrics of the song are a homage to the protagonist's partner, who changed her life. The song received negative response from critics, with some calling it "sappy" and "unnecessary". "What's It Gonna Be" is a bubblegum pop song influenced by '80s funk music, which was compared to outtakes from Spears' Oops!... I Did It Again (2000). The lyrics deal with Simpson expecting a reply from her lover regarding his fear of commitment.
| [
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{
"indices": [
1849,
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],
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"text": "' Oops!... I Did It Again (2000)"
}
],
"q... |
M-Sport World Rally Team | [
{
"indices": [
8,
19
],
"target": "2008 World Rally Championship"
},
{
"indices": [
49,
73
],
"target": "Ford World Rally Team"
},
{
"indices": [
110,
120
],
"target": "Gigi Galli"
},
{
"indices": [
234,
254
],
... | p_185 | For the 2008 season, Latvala was promoted to the BP Ford World Rally Team and replaced in the Stobart team by Gigi Galli. Wilson and Solberg continued with the team and along with Galli are signed to compete in all 15 events with the Ford Focus RS WRC 07. For some events, Solberg's car was entered by the sister Munchi's Ford World Rally Team. At the season opener, the 2008 Monte Carlo Rally, the team's fastest driver was François Duval, driving a fourth Stobart car, who finished in fourth place. Galli finished third at the Swedish Rally. Duval returned to the team for Rallye Deutschland, and finished third, as the leading Ford driver. On this rally, Galli suffered an injury in a crash that kept him out of action for the rest of the season. Duval replaced him in the team on the next rally in New Zealand. The factory Ford team decided to swap their driver Latvala with Duval for the two tarmac rallies of Catalunya and Corsica, in order to help them to secure the manufacturers' crown. The two drivers returned to their teams for the final two rounds, while Stobart also ran Valentino Rossi on Wales Rally GB.
| [
{
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"end": 452,
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}
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"... |
Battle of Trafalgar | [
{
"indices": [
261,
274
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"target": "Glasgow Green"
},
{
"indices": [
326,
334
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"target": "Taynuilt"
},
{
"indices": [
341,
345
],
"target": "Oban"
},
{
"indices": [
495,
509
],
"target": "David Hamilton (... | p_186 | Nelson became – and remains – Britain's greatest naval war hero, and an inspiration to the Royal Navy, yet his unorthodox tactics were seldom emulated by later generations. The first monument to be erected in Britain to commemorate Nelson may be that raised on Glasgow Green in 1806, albeit possibly preceded by a monument at Taynuilt, near Oban in Scotland dated 1805, both also commemorating the many Scots crew and captains at the battle. The Nelson Monument on Glasgow Green was designed by David Hamilton and paid for by public subscription. Around the base are the names of his major victories: Aboukir (1798), Copenhagen (1801) and Trafalgar (1805). The Nelson Monument overlooking Portsmouth was built in 1807–08 with money subscribed by sailors and marines who served at Trafalgar. In 1808, Nelson's Pillar was erected by leading members of the Anglo-Irish aristocracy in Dublin to commemorate Nelson and his achievements (between 10% and 20% of the sailors at Trafalgar had been from Ireland), and remained until it was destroyed in a bombing by "Old IRA" members in 1966. Nelson's Monument in Edinburgh was built between 1807 and 1815 in the form of an upturned telescope, and in 1853 a time ball was added which still drops at noon GMT to give a time signal to ships in Leith and the Firth of Forth. In summer this coincides with the one o'clock gun being fired. The Britannia Monument in Great Yarmouth was raised by 1819. Nelson's Column, Montreal began public subscriptions soon after news of the victory at Trafalgar arrived; the column was completed in the autumn of 1809 and still stands in Place Jacques Cartier.
| [
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{
"indices": [
442,
546
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The Nelson Monument on Glasgow Green was designed by Davi... |
2010 Roger Federer tennis season | [
{
"indices": [
22,
37
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},
{
"indices": [
54,
65
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"target": "Andy Murray"
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{
"indices": [
105,
117
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"target": "2008 US Open (tennis)"
},
{
"indices": [
237,
247
],
"tar... | p_187 | Roger Federer won the Australian Open, beating Briton Andy Murray, whom he also beat in the final of the 2008 US Open. Federer played in eighteen tournaments in 2010, and won five. He made the semifinals of his opening tournament at the Qatar Open in Doha, losing to Nikolay Davydenko, and at the Estoril Open, which he had won in 2008, losing to defending and eventual champion Albert Montañés. Federer was runner-up in the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open to Rafael Nadal. At the French Open, he faced his opponent in the previous year's final, Robin Söderling at the quarterfinals stage and lost. As defending champion at Wimbledon, he was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych in four sets, thus ending his streak of seven consecutive Wimbledon finals also falling to world no. 3, his lowest ranking since 2003. During the summer hard-court season, Federer hired Paul Annacone to be his coach and revive his form. At the 2010 US Open, Federer advanced to his seventh straight semifinal appearance, but lost to Novak Djokovic in five sets, despite holding two match points in the final set. Federer's ranking slipped from no. 2 to no. 3 after the tournament, but he finished the year strong with victories in Stockholm, Basel, and the ATP Tour Finals to pass Djokovic in the rankings and finish the year at no. 2. By the end of 2010 Roger Federer became widely considered as the greatest male tennis player of all time.
| [
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"indices": [
396,
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"text": "Federer was runner-up in the Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open ... |
Sin Salida (2015) | [
{
"indices": [
66,
88
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"target": "Professional wrestling"
},
{
"indices": [
119,
130
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"target": "Lucha libre"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
140
],
"target": "Professional wrestling promotion"
},
{
"indices": [
141,
171
... | p_188 | Sin Salida (2015) (Spanish for "No Escape"/"No Exit") was a major professional wrestling event produced by the Mexican Lucha Libre-promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) that took place on Friday night July 17, 2015, in CMLL's main venue, Arena México, nicknamed "the cathedral of Lucha Libre" in lieu of CMLL's normally scheduled Super Viernes ("Super Friday") show. The main event was a best two-out-of-three falls Lucha de Apuestas, or bet match where both Rey Escorpión and Último Guerrero "bet" their hair on the outcome of the match and the loser was forced to have all his hair shaved off afterwards as per Lucha Libre traditions. The show also hosted two first-round matches of CMLL's 2015 En Busca de un Ídolo ("In Search of an Idol") tournament where Esfinge wrestled Canelo Casas and Delta was supposed to face Blue Panther Jr., but wrestled Hechicero instead. The show contained four additional matches. Although it was not announced ahead of time, the first six matches of the show were broadcast live on the Terra Networks' home page for free.
| [
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"indices": [
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"text": "Sin Salida (2015) (Spanish for \"No Escape\"/\"No Exit\") ... |
Robert Fischell | [
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"indices": [
44,
61
],
"target": "List of prolific inventors"
},
{
"indices": [
176,
189
],
"target": "Biotechnology"
},
{
"indices": [
218,
269
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"target": "Applied Physics Laboratory"
},
{
"indices": [
487,
505
... | p_189 | Robert Fischell (born 1929) is a physicist, prolific inventor, and holder of more than 200 U.S. and foreign medical patents. His inventions have led to the creation of several biotechnology companies. He worked at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory full-time for 25 years, and part-time for an additional 13 years. He contributed to APL's satellite navigation work, and later developed a rechargeable implantable pacemaker that could be programmed with radiowaves, (Pacesetter Systems purchased by Siemens, now the CRM division of St. Jude Medical). He and his team at Hopkins also helped miniaturize the implantable cardiac defibrillator. Mr. Fischell went on to invent the implantable insulin pump (MiniMed, spun off from Pacesetter Systems in 1985), numerous coronary stents used to open clogged arteries (IsoStent merged with Cordis, in turn purchased by Johnson & Johnson), and two extraordinary feedback systems that provide early warning of epileptic seizures (NeuroPace) and heart attacks (Angel Medical Systems). Fischell recently donated $30 million to the University of Maryland College Park Foundation to establish a bioengineering department and an institute for biomedical devices at the A. James Clark School of Engineering.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 4266,
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"start": 4258,
"text": "Maryland"
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"... |
Evel Knievel | [
{
"indices": [
0,
26
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},
{
"indices": [
81,
99
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"target": "Snake River Canyon (Idaho)"
},
{
"indices": [
134,
142
],
"target": "Bob Arum"
},
{
"indices": [
154,
... | p_190 | ABC's Wide World of Sports was unwilling to pay the price Knievel wanted for the Snake River Canyon jump, so he hired boxing promoter Bob Arum's company, Top Rank Productions, to put the event on closed-circuit television and broadcast to movie Investors in the event took a substantial loss, including promoter Don E. Branker, as well as Vince McMahon of what was then called the World Wrestling Federation. Arum partnered with Invest West Sports, Shelly Saltman's company, to secure from Invest West Sports two things: first, the necessary financing for the jump, and second, the services of Saltman, long recognized as one of America's premier public relations and promotion men, to do publicity so that Knievel could concentrate on his jumps. Knievel hired subcontractor and aeronautical engineer Doug Malewicki to build him a rocket-powered cycle to jump across the Snake River, and called it the Skycycle X-1. Malwecki's creation was powered by a steam engine built by former Aerojet engineer Robert Truax. On April 15, 1972, the X-1 was launched to test the feasibility of the launching ramp. The decision was then made to have Truax build the Skycycle X-2 and have it take off and fly more like a rocket than a motorcycle.
| [
{
"answer": {
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},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
852,
882
],
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"text": "to jump across the Snake River"
}
],
"qid":... |
Johnny Golden | [
{
"indices": [
86,
97
],
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},
{
"indices": [
167,
187
],
"target": "Paterson, New Jersey"
},
{
"indices": [
265,
281
],
"target": "PGA Championship"
},
{
"indices": [
286,
290
],
"target... | p_191 | Golden turned professional in 1915 and was an assistant pro and later head pro at the Tuxedo Club until 1929 when he took the head job at North Jersey Country Club in Paterson, New Jersey. During his time at the Tuxedo Club, he was a three-time semifinalist in the PGA Championship. In 1922, he lost to Emmet French. In 1926, he dropped a semifinal match to Leo Diegel, and the following year he lost in the semis to Joe Turnesa. Golden remained in Paterson for just a year, leaving for the head professional job at Wee Burn Country Club near Darien, Connecticut. While serving as the pro at Wee Burn, Golden won four consecutive Connecticut Open titles (1932–35), with the 1932, 1933 and 1935 events part of the official PGA schedule. His most lucrative win came in 1931, at the Agua Caliente Open in Mexico. Golden finished regulation tied with George Von Elm at 293. The duo agreed prior to the playoff to split first- and second-prize money, a common practice, with each player pocketing $6,750. Golden went on to win the playoff. Without the agreement, he would have won $10,000.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"indices": [
... |
Margaret Pearse | [
{
"indices": [
47,
53
],
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},
{
"indices": [
62,
70
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"target": "Baptism"
},
{
"indices": [
236,
248
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"target": "County Meath"
},
{
"indices": [
297,
304
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"target": "Oldtown, Dublin"
}... | p_192 | Margaret Brady was born on 12 February 1857 in Dublin and was baptised in St. Lawrence O'Toole's parish. At that time, her parents were living at 1, Clarence Street. Her father was Patrick Brady, a coal merchant, whose family were from County Meath and her mother was Brigid Brady (née Savage) of Oldtown, Co. Dublin. Margaret's great grandfather Walter Brady was from Nobber in Meath but was originally a Cavan man by birth. His son Walter, Margaret's grandfather, married Margaret O'Connor and had eight children – Catherine, Phil, Anne, Patrick, Larry, Christie, John and Margaret (Aunt). Patrick Brady, her father, married Brigid Savage, a Fingal woman who was the best step dancer of her day in the North County. Margaret had three known siblings, Walter who died as an infant in 1855, as did Brigid in 1860. Another sister, Catherine, died in 1888 leaving a young family behind. Margaret was educated by the Sisters of St Vincent de Paul. She was employed as a stationery shop assistant where she met her future husband, James Pearse.
| [
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0,
... |
Mike Walsh (umpire) | [
{
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28,
46
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},
{
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111,
121
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"target": "Pop Snyder"
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{
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129,
153
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"target": "History of the Cincinnati Reds"
},
{
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175,
187
],... | p_193 | Mullane's no-hitter for the Louisville Eclipse was nearly derailed in the ninth inning, however; with two out, Pop Snyder of the Cincinnati Red Stockings lofted a fly ball to center field, but John Reccius mishandled what should have been an easy catch. Snyder, now on first base, complained to Walsh that Mullane was bringing his arm above his shoulder when pitching, which was not permitted at the time. Walsh overruled the complaint, however, and Mullane got Dan "Ecky" Stearns to ground out to end the game. The game was also notable for another incident in the eighth inning; the American Association's rules at that time permitted a substitute to run for a batter who was injured, as long as both teams' captains consented, with the substitute standing behind home plate and prepared to run if the hitter made contact. Pete Browning, who had a pulled leg muscle and had not reached base in the game, batted what appeared to be a single into right field, but forgot the presence of the substitute (Hecker) and ran to first base as Hecker stopped in surprise. Snyder, the Cincinnati catcher, had pitcher Will White throw the ball to Stearns at first base, and Walsh immediately signaled an out, ruling that Hecker was the correct runner and had not reached first. The lost hit eventually resulted in Browning's final career batting average being .341 rather than .342; the higher average would have tied him with Dan Brouthers for the highest mark among players of the era before , when the pitching distance was extended from 50 to 60'6".
| [
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... |
Archibald Magill Fauntleroy | [
{
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"target": "Warrenton, Virginia"
},
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"indices": [
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"target": "Staunton, Virginia"
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"target": "Physician"
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"indices": [
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"target": ... | p_194 | Archibald Magill Fauntleroy (b. in Warrenton, Virginia, 8 July 1837; d. in Staunton, Virginia, 19 June 1886) was a physician. He graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1856, and in 1857 entered the United States Army as assistant surgeon; but, upon the start of the Civil War, he and his brother, a lieutenant in the navy, resigned at the same time with their father, Thomas T. Fauntleroy. He became a surgeon in the Confederate army, and was president of the board for the admission of surgeons, and chief officer on the medical staff of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, and served with him until the battle of Seven Pines. He was then ordered to build and organize the hospitals at Danville, Virginia, and afterward had charge of the military hospital at Staunton, Virginia, until the war ended. He remained and practised at Staunton after the war, and was for several years superintendent of the lunatic asylum at that place. His contributions to medical literature include papers on potassium bromide, chloral hydrate, the use of chloroform in obstetrical practice, and a “Report upon Advance in Therapeutics,” which was printed in the Transactions of the Virginia Medical Society.
| [
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"text": "Archibald Magill Fauntleroy (b. in Warrenton, Virginia, 8... |
James Dudgeon | [
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"target": "Stalybridge Celtic F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
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],
"target": "Northern Premier League"
},
{
"indices": [
113,
129
],
"target": "Northern Premier League"
},
{
"indices": [
135,
1... | p_195 | Dudgeon was signed by Stalybridge Celtic on 26 June 2007. On 26 November 2007, he joined Northern Premier League Premier Division side Gateshead on a one-month loan. This loan was extended for another three months in December. However, he joined Gainsborough Trinity of the Conference North on a one-and-a-half-year contract in January 2008. In October, he joined Northern Premier League Premier Division club Worksop Town on a one-month loan, debuting in the 0–0 draw at Kendal Town on 11 October 2008. He joined Newcastle Blue Star in the Northern Premier League Division One North on a one-and-a-half-year contract in November, before suffering a dislocated shoulder just 20 minutes into his debut in the 1–0 home defeat to Curzon Ashton on 15 November 2008. He made his final appearance for the club in the 3–1 home defeat to Trafford on 31 January 2009 before being released and joining Wakefield. He had an unhappy debut for the club, being sent-off for dissent following the award of a late penalty in the 3–2 defeat at Colwyn Bay on 14 February, before scoring his first goal for the club coming in a 2–1 victory at Salford City on 21 February.
| [
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"text": "Dudgeon was signed by Stalybridge Celtic on 26 June 2007"
... |
Sulikphaa | [
{
"indices": [
59,
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"target": "Ahom kingdom"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
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],
"target": "Laluksola Borphukan"
},
{
"indices": [
147,
155
],
"target": "Guwahati"
},
{
"indices": [
160,
171
],
"target": "Lowe... | p_196 | Sulikphaa () (also, Ratnadhwaj Singha) was the king of the Ahom Kingdom. He was only 14 years of age when Laluksola Borphukan, the Ahom viceroy of Guwahati and Lower Assam, raised him to the throne, after deposing the former king, Sudoiphaa. Due to his youth at the time of his accession, he was generally known as Lora Raja or the Boy-king. His reign was characterized by the atrocities committed by Laluksola Borphukan, who held the real authority behind the throne. The most notorious act which occurred during his reign was the mutilation of Ahom princes belonging to the Royal Ahom Dynasty. While most of the Ahom princes suffered mutilation, Prince Gadapani, the future king Gadadhar Singha, from the Tungkhungia branch of the Royal Ahom Dynasty, escaped, due to the efforts of his illustrious wife, Joymoti Konwari, who refused to divulge any information regarding her husband's whereabouts even in face of the tortures inflicted by the henchmen of Lora Raja. After Laluksola Borphukan was assassinated in court intrigues, the nobles at Kaliabar decided to get rid of the incompetent Lora Raja and put an able prince on the throne. Prince Gadapani, who was living incognito at a place called Rani in Kamrup at that time, was nominated for the throne. Sulikphaa or Lora Raja was deposed and exiled to Namrup, only to be executed later on.
| [
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"context": [
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"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He was only 14 years of age when Laluksola Borphukan, the ... |
Dan Hawkins | [
{
"indices": [
20,
37
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"target": "NCAA Division I"
},
{
"indices": [
50,
61
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"target": "Boise State Broncos football"
},
{
"indices": [
114,
126
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"target": "Dirk Koetter"
},
{
"indices": [
191,
204
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"... | p_197 | Hawkins moved up to NCAA Division I-A football at Boise State in 1998 as an assistant under first-year head coach Dirk Koetter. After three seasons, Koetter accepted the head coaching job at Arizona State, and Hawkins was promoted from assistant head coach to head coach on December 2, 2000. In 2004, Hawkins was honored with his second Western Athletic Conference (WAC) Coach of the Year title in three years. Through the 2005 season, he compiled a 53–11 record (.828) in five seasons as Boise State's head coach, including a 37–3 record (.925) in WAC competition with four straight WAC titles. Only Walter Camp, George Washington Woodruff and Bob Pruett had more total wins in their first five years of head coaching. He holds a 31–game WAC winning streak, the longest in conference history. One of his first hires at Boise State was Chris Petersen as his offensive coordinator; Petersen was a quarterback at UC Davis while Hawkins was an assistant coach, and was the wide receivers coach at Oregon under head coach Mike Bellotti. Petersen succeeded Hawkins as head coach following the 2005 season, when Hawkins departed for Colorado.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "year",
"answer_value": "1",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
126
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Hawkins moved up to NCAA Division I-A football at Boise S... |
Youth of JAZAS | [
{
"indices": [
187,
196
],
"target": "Self-help"
},
{
"indices": [
325,
339
],
"target": "Discrimination"
},
{
"indices": [
538,
546
],
"target": "Lobbying"
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{
"indices": [
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759
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"target": "HIV"
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... | p_198 | The project „Acceptance and Participation of People Living with HIV in Serbian Society” contributed to increasing the role of PLHIV, reinforcing their position in the society, organizing self-help groups and coordination of their activities, their integration in National association of PLHIV and promoting the fight against discrimination, all that for contributing to making sustainable mechanisms that would successfully protect human rights and allow them full access to public services and necessary therapy. PLHIV participation and lobbying for the overall improvement of their rights, establishment of National AIDS experts group which focuses on legislation concerning the matter and the establishment of the first informal Parliamentary group for HIV/AIDS in Serbian Parliament, helped PLHIV to speak freely and openly about their status, making their overall status and approach to prevention and therapy better. Further activities that have been planned include support to PLHIV Union and helping them to connect to relevant European networks, lobbying for permanent parliamentary group and continuing work of the Experts Group on urgent questions such are: the shortage of continuous control and therapy for PLHIV in prisons, the lack of CD4 and PCR tests or the change of legislation that criminalizes HIV transmission. This project was financed by the European Commission and implemented in cooperation with Hivos (Stichting Humanistisch Instituut voor Ontwikkelingssamenwerking – Humanist Institute for Co-operation with Developing Countries) from Netherlands during the period from 2008 until April 2011.
| [
{
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"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
692,
764
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "the establishment of the first informal Parliamentar... |
Pierre Lorillard IV | [
{
"indices": [
53,
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"target": "George L. Lorillard"
},
{
"indices": [
105,
117
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"target": "Thoroughbred"
},
{
"indices": [
118,
130
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"target": "Horse racing"
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{
"indices": [
157,
162
],
"target": "... | p_199 | An avid sportsman, Pierre Lorillard and his brother, George Lyndes Lorillard, were both major figures in Thoroughbred horse racing. In 1874, Pierre's horse, Saxon, won the Belmont Stakes. Although his horse Parole finished fourth in the 1876 Kentucky Derby, it went on to race with considerable success both in the United States and in Europe. In the 19th century, shipping horses from New York to Louisville, Kentucky was a major undertaking and as the Preakness Stakes and the Belmont Stakes were both held in the New York City area in the period, neither of the Lorillard brothers entered horses again in the Kentucky Derby. Pierre Lorillard established Rancocas Stable, named for the New Jersey town where he owned a country house. He spent time in Paris and in England where, in 1881, his horse Iroquois became the first American-owned and bred horse to win a European classic race. Ridden by the champion English jockey Fred Archer, Iroquois won The Derby and then went on to capture the St. Leger Stakes as well. Lorillard had other successes in England, notably with the horse named for the actor David Garrick, which won the 1901 Chester Cup ridden by American jockey, Danny Maher.
| [
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"answer": {
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"end": 90,
"passage": "kentucky derby",
"start": 80,
"text": "Louisville"
}
],
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"context": [
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... |
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