title stringlengths 3 83 | links list | pid stringlengths 3 6 | text stringlengths 549 8.52k | questions list |
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You and I (Lady Gaga song) | [
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"target": "W... | p_1800 | "Yoü and I" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga, taken from her second studio album, Born This Way (2011). She also co-produced it with Robert John "Mutt" Lange. The track samples Queen's "We Will Rock You" (1977) and features electric guitar by Queen's Brian May. Gaga debuted "You and I" in June 2010 during her performance at Elton John's White Tie and Tiara Ball. Footage of the performance appeared on the Internet, and positive response encouraged her to include the song on her setlist for The Monster Ball Tour. She later performed the song on Today to a record crowd in July 2010, and on The Oprah Winfrey Show in May 2011. On August 23, 2011, Interscope Records released the song as the fourth single from the album.
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Richard O'Connor | [
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"... | p_1801 | General Sir Richard Nugent O'Connor, (21 August 1889 – 17 June 1981) was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First and Second World Wars, and commanded the Western Desert Force in the early years of the Second World War. He was the field commander for Operation Compass, in which his forces destroyed a much larger Italian army – a victory which nearly drove the Axis from Africa, and in turn, led Adolf Hitler to send the German Africa Corps under Erwin Rommel to try to reverse the situation. O'Connor was captured by a German reconnaissance patrol during the night of 7 April 1941 and spent over two years in an Italian prisoner of war camp. He eventually escaped after the fall of Mussolini in the autumn of 1943. In 1944 he commanded VIII Corps in the Battle of Normandy and later during Operation Market Garden. In 1945 he was General Officer in Command of the Eastern Command in India and then, in the closing days of British rule in the subcontinent, he headed Northern Command. His final job in the army was Adjutant-General to the Forces in London, in charge of the British Army's administration, personnel and organisation.
| [
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"text": "Adolf Hitler to send the German Africa Corps under Erw... |
Breck Eisner | [
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"target": "Budweiser"
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"target": "Super Bowl XXXI"
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"target": "Rold ... | p_1802 | Eisner had used some of Digital Domain's processors to render images for his film, and the company suggested he meet with some commercial production houses. Thus began his career as a director of commercials, and after only a year-and-a-half, Eisner had directed 14 high-profile spots. His first commercial was Budweiser's Powersurge, which aired during the 1997 Super Bowl. He also took the helm for Rold Gold pretzels' "Comrades" starring Jason Alexander, which featured Pretzel Boy on a rescue mission to the Mir space station. Eisner's two anti-smoking spots for the California Department of Health Services, "Gala Event" and "Funeral", were selected as Best Spots in back-to-back issues of Adweek. In addition, Eisner's "Mad Dog" for Coors's Zima aired during the Seinfeld finale and was chosen by USA Today "Ad Meter" as the #1 spot. He has also done commercials for Sony, Sega and Coca-Cola.
| [
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"text": "His first commercial was Budweiser's Powersurge, whic... |
Midori (violinist) | [
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"target": "Dorothy DeLay"
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273... | p_1803 | Midori gave her first public performance at the age of six, playing one of the 24 Caprices of Paganini in her native Osaka. In 1982 she and her mother moved to New York City, where Midori started violin studies with Dorothy DeLay at Pre-College Division of Juilliard School and the Aspen Music Festival and School. As her audition piece, Midori performed Bach's thirteen-minute-long Chaconne, generally considered one of the most difficult solo violin pieces. In the same year, she made her concert debut with the New York Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta, a conductor with whom she would later record on the Sony Classical label. In 1986 came her legendary performance of Leonard Bernstein's Serenade at Tanglewood, conducted by Bernstein. During the performance, she broke the E string on her violin, then again on the concertmaster's Stradivarius after she borrowed it. She finished the performance with the associate concertmaster's Guadagnini and received a standing ovation. The next day The New York Times front page carried the headline, "Girl, 14, Conquers Tanglewood with 3 Violins".
| [
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"text": "Midori started violin studies with Dorothy DeLay at Pre... |
Enjoy Yourself (The Jacksons song) | [
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... | p_1804 | "Enjoy Yourself" is a song recorded by The Jacksons and released as a single in 1976. Featuring Michael and Jackie Jackson on lead vocals, it was the first non-Motown single for the group since they departed from the label earlier that year. The song peaked at #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on February 19, 1977. On other US charts, "Enjoy Yourself" peaked at #2 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, and #33 on the National Disco Action Top 40 chart. On February 14, 1989, it became the group's first single to be certified Platinum by the RIAA. It was also the group's first song to feature new member Randy Jackson, who replaced Jermaine when he decided to stay at Motown after his brothers left. The song is sampled on the track "Let's Have a Party" by the Backstreet Boys, which appears on their 1996 self-titled debut album. The song is credited to Philadelphia songwriters/producers Gamble and Huff; however, a session musician from Gamble and Huff’s in-house band recalled that the late guitarist T.J. Tindall wrote the riff that was the initial spark for the song.
| [
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Jackie Stewart | [
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"target... | p_1805 | For 1970, Matra insisted on using their own V12 engines, while Tyrrell and Stewart wanted to continue with the Cosworth and maintain their connection to Ford, which conflicted with Matra's recent connections to Chrysler. Tyrrell decided to build his own car and in the interim bought a chassis from March Engineering; Stewart took the March 701-Cosworth to wins at the Daily Mail Race of Champions and Jarama, but development on the car stalled and it was soon overcome by the Lotus team's new 72. The new Tyrrell 001-Cosworth, appeared in August and suffered problems but showed promise. Tyrrell continued to be sponsored by French fuel company Elf, and Stewart raced in a car painted French Racing Blue for many years. Stewart also continued to race sporadically in Formula Two, winning at Crystal Palace and placing at Thruxton. A projected Le Mans appearance, to co-drive the 4.5 litre Porsche 917K with Steve McQueen, did not come off, due to McQueen's inability to get insurance. He also had a one-off race in Can-Am, in the revolutionary Chaparral 2J. Stewart qualified third, in what was the car's first outing, but brake failure ended his race.
| [
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Roy Williams (basketball coach) | [
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"target": "Ty Lawson"
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"target": "Wayne Ellington"
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"target": "Deon T... | p_1806 | Williams quickly reloaded the team with top talent, bringing in recruits like Brandan Wright, Ty Lawson, Wayne Ellington and Deon Thompson. The 2006–07 team tied as ACC regular season champions, earning the tiebreak over the Virginia Cavaliers. With the #1 seed, the Tar Heels won the ACC Tournament. After earning a #1 seed in the East Region in the 2007 NCAA Tournament, Williams' team won its first-round game against Eastern Kentucky Colonels 86–65 and its second against Michigan State 81–67. North Carolina then defeated the USC Trojans 74–64 to advance to the Elite Eight. On March 24, 2007, North Carolina fell to the Georgetown Hoyas in overtime in the East Regional, ending its post-season run. Following the 2006–2007 season, Williams announced on July 18, 2007, that he had vertigo, a condition that occasionally forces him to sit down suddenly during games.
| [
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The Best Science Fiction of the Year | [
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"target": "Ballantine Books"
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"target": "Pocket Books"
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"target": "Baen... | p_1807 | The Best Science Fiction of the Year was a series of annual paperback anthologies edited by Terry Carr. It was published by Ballantine Books from 1972 to 1980, Pocket Books from 1981 to 1983, Baen Books in 1984, and Tor Books from 1985 to 1987. The Tor Books volumes bore the title Terry Carr's Best Science Fiction of the Year from 1985 to 1986, and Terry Carr's Best Science Fiction and Fantasy of the Year in 1987. Most volumes were also issued in hardcover in the United Kingdom by Gollancz, the last three under the variant title Best SF of the Year. The series was a continuation of the earlier anthology series World's Best Science Fiction, edited by Carr with Donald A. Wollheim, published from 1965 to 1971 by Ace Books. (Wollheim, with co-editor Arthur W. Saha, also issued his own separate continuation, The Annual World’s Best SF, from 1972 to 1990.)
| [
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Fuzhou | [
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"target": "Daoguang Emperor"
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"target": "Guangzhou"
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"target": "First Opium W... | p_1808 | In 1839, Lin Zexu, who himself was a Fuzhou native, was appointed by the Daoguang Emperor to enforce the imperial ban on the opium trade in Canton. His unsuccessful actions, however, precipitated the disastrous First Opium War with Great Britain, and Lin, who had become a scapegoat for China's failure in war, was exiled to the northwestern section of the empire. The Treaty of Nanjing (1842), which put an end to the conflict, made Fuzhou (then known to Westerners as Foochow) one of five Chinese treaty ports, and it became completely open to Western merchants and missionaries. was one of the most important Protestant mission fields in China. On January 2, 1846, the first Protestant missionary, Rev. Stephen Johnson (missionary) from ABCFM (美國公理會差會), entered the city and soon set up the first missionary station there. ABCFM was followed by the Methodist Episcopal Missionary Society that was led by Revs. M. C. White and J. D. Collins, who reached Fuzhou in early September 1847. The Church Missionary Society also arrived in the city in May 1850. These three Protestant agencies remained in Fuzhou until the communist revolution in China in the 1950s, leaving a rich heritage in Fuzhou's Protestant culture. They supported the creation of hospitals and schools, including the Woolston Memorial Hospital, run by the American-trained Hü King Eng.
| [
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"text": "In 1839, Lin Zexu, who himself was a Fuzhou native, was... |
Infectious causes of cancer | [
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"target": "Burkitt's lymphoma"
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"targe... | p_1809 | Herpesviruses are a third group of common cancer-causing viruses. Two types of herpesviruses have been associated with cancer: the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). EBV appears to cause all nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinomas and some cases of lymphoma, including Burkitt's lymphoma—the association is especially strong in Africa—and Hodgkin's disease. EBV has also been found in a variety of other types of cancer cells, although its role in causing these other cancers is not well established. KSHV/HHV-8 causes all cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, and has been found in some cases of a cancer-related condition called Castleman's disease. Studies involving other kinds of cancer, particularly prostate cancer, have been inconsistent. Both of these herpesviruses are commonly found in cancerous cells of primary effusion lymphoma. Herpesviruses also cause cancer in animals, especially leukemias and lymphomas.
| [
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History of Crystal Palace F.C. | [
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"targe... | p_1810 | As far back as 1854, the famous glass exhibition building known as The Crystal Palace had been relocated from Hyde Park, London and rebuilt in an area of South London next to Sydenham Hill. This area was renamed Crystal Palace including the park surrounding the site where various sports facilities were built. The earliest known Crystal Palace football team first played here in 1861 as an amateur outfit. They went on to become founder members of the Football Association and competed in the very first FA Cup competition reaching the semi-finals where they were eliminated by the Royal Engineers in a replay after the first game ended goalless. The team also played in the FA Cup in the next four seasons before disappearing from historical records after a 0–3 defeat to eventual winners Wanderers in the second round of the 1875–76 FA Cup. In 1895, the Football Association adopted a new permanent home for the FA Cup Final which was to be played at the sports stadium situated inside the historic grounds of the Palace. With the owners also reliant on tourist activity for their income, they sought fresh attractions for the venue, and founded the London County Cricket Club of W. G. Grace before turning their attention to football.
| [
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"text": "In 1895, the Football Association adopted a new perma... |
History of Nashville, Tennessee | [
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"target": "Cumberland River"
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396... | p_1811 | The first known settlers in the area of modern Nashville were Native Americans who arrived in the region by at least 13,000 BC during the Paleoindian period of regional prehistory. For millennia the descendants of these first Tennesseans continued to live along the river terraces and uplands overlooking the Cumberland River, leaving behind a dense archaeological record spanning the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian periods. The final prehistoric Native American culture to inhabit what would become Nashville was a regional manifestation of the Mississippian Culture known as Middle Cumberland Mississippian, identified by archaeologists based on the specific combination of burial practices, artistic style, and ceramic styles. Recent studies suggest that Middle Cumberland Mississippian culture may be the result of interactions between local populations and outsiders from the American Bottom who moved into the western portion of the Nashville Basin around AD 1000, settling at the site of Mound Bottom. The archaeological footprint of the Middle Cumberland Mississippian culture appears throughout Nashville as the many platform mounds, extensive stone box cemeteries, palisaded villages, and small prehistoric farmsteads that have been destroyed by antiquarian scholars, relic hunters, and urban development. All archaeological evidence for Mississippian culture appears to vanish from the Nashville area by around AD 1475–1500. Archaeologists believe this regional collapse may have been the result of extreme pressures brought on by rapid population growth and dwindling resource availability following prolonged droughts leading to increased occurrences of disease, nutritional deficiencies, and warfare.
| [
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... |
Meredith Willson | [
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"target": "... | p_1812 | Willson was born in Mason City, Iowa to John David Willson and Rosalie Reiniger Willson. He had a brother two years his senior, John Cedrick, and a sister twelve years his senior, the children's author Dixie Willson. Willson attended Frank Damrosch's Institute of Musical Art (which later became the Juilliard School) in New York City. He married his high school sweetheart, Elizabeth "Peggy" Wilson, on August 29, 1920. Willson, a flute and piccolo player, was a member of John Philip Sousa's band (1921–1923), and later the New York Philharmonic Orchestra under Arturo Toscanini (1924–1929). Willson then moved to San Francisco, California as the concert director for radio station KFRC, and then as a musical director for the NBC radio network in Hollywood. His on-air radio debut came on KFRC in 1928 on Blue Monday Jamboree.
| [
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... |
Johan Cronman | [
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"target": ... | p_1813 | He was born on November 2, 1662, in Alatskivi Castle, then called Unanitz, in Swedish Livonia. He was the son of Joakim Cronman (1638–1703) and Lunetta Makeléer (1639–1693). Lunetta was the daughter of John Hans Makeléer who was a merchant and banker who had emigrated from Scotland to Sweden. Johan joined the military and was commissioned as a lieutenant with the Narva garrison, and second captain with the Närke and Värmland regiments in 1687. He was promoted to captain with the Zurlauben regiment in 1699, and was made a lieutenant-colonel in 1701. He was promoted to colonel of the Kronoberg Regiment in 1706. On July 11, 1709, he was at surrender at Perevolochna and held prisoner in Siberia until 1722. Johan returned to Sweden after his release and was promoted to lieutenant-general of the infantry in 1722. He was made a baron in 1727, and named the Governor of Malmö and commandant of Malmö Castle, both in 1727. Through his life, he fought in 13 battles, but was never wounded. He spoke 8 languages: Swedish, Latin, German, Estonian, Polish, Russian, French and Dutch. He died on July 26, 1737, at age 75. He had never married or had children.
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Manmohan (film) | [
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"indices... | p_1814 | Manmohan is a 1936 Indian Urdu/Hindi-language romantic tragedy film directed by Mehboob Khan. This was Khan's third film for Sagar Movietone after Al Hilal (1935) and Deccan Queen (1936). The cinematographer was Faredoon Irani who, starting from Mehboob Khan's Al Hilal (Judjement of Allah) (1935) went on to establish a long working relationship with him lasting till Khan's last film Son of India (1962). The music was composed by Ashok Ghosh assisted by Anil Biswas. The story writer was Zia Sarhadi who also wrote the lyrics, screenplay and dialogue in addition to acting in the film. Though he had started his writing career on Khan's backing for Deccan Queen (1936), it was with Manmohan that he achieved success. The film was inspired by Devdas, (1935), which was a big hit at the box office. Surendra was chosen as the singing star to rival K. L. Saigal from New Theatres Calcutta, whose songs from Devdas had mesmerised the nation. Though Manmohan was referred to as the "poor man's Devdas" it went on to do well and the songs became very popular. The film starred Bibbo, Surendra, Yakub, Kayam Ali, Bhudo Advani and Mehdi Raza.
| [
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"text": "Manmohan is a 1936 Indian Urdu/Hindi-language romantic tra... |
Timeline of the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season | [
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"target"... | p_1815 | The season featured nine tropical cyclones, of which eight further intensified into tropical storms and six further intensified into hurricanes (including two major hurricanes). Impact throughout the year was widespread. In early July, Hurricane Arthur moved ashore near Cape Lookout, North Carolina, resulting in minor damage and one indirect death. In August, hurricanes Bertha and Cristobal moved across the southwestern Atlantic, causing minimal damage and several fatalities. In September, Tropical Storm Dolly moved ashore the coastline of eastern Mexico, killing one and inflicting unsubstantial damage, while Hurricane Edouard created large swells that impacted the East Coast of the United States and killed two people. In October, hurricanes Fay and Gonzalo moved ashore Bermuda, marking the first time more than one tropical cyclone made landfall on the island in a single season on record. Hanna impacted Central America later that month but caused no damage.
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"context": ... |
Bertram Stevens (politician) | [
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"target": "New South Wales Legislative Assembly"
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"target": "1927 New South Wales state election"
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199... | p_1816 | Stevens grew up in Sydney and was an accountant and public servant before entering politics. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly at the 1927 state election, as a member of the Nationalist Party. In 1929, he was appointed state treasurer under Thomas Bavin, serving until his party lost the 1930 election. In 1932, Stevens was elected as the inaugural leader of the state branch of the UAP. He became premier later that year, following the dismissal of Labor's Jack Lang, and subsequently led his party to victory at the 1932, 1935, and 1938 elections. Stevens was ousted in 1939 and replaced by Alexander Mair. He made an abortive attempt to enter federal politics at the 1940 election, and thereafter played little part in public life.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 17,
"passage": "1932 new south wales state election",
"start": 12,
"text": "1932 "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Kenneth McKellar (politician) | [
{
"indices": [
25,
74
],
"target": "President pro tempore of the United States Senate"
},
{
"indices": [
240,
252
],
"target": "Harry S. Truman"
},
{
"indices": [
260,
269
],
"target": "President of the United States"
},
{
"indi... | p_1817 | McKellar twice served as President pro tempore of the United States Senate, commencing in 1945, the first to hold the position under the system that has prevailed since of reserving it for the most senior member of the majority party. When Harry Truman became president in April 1945, upon FDR's death, the vice presidency became vacant (the mechanism for filling intra-term vacancies had not yet been created by the 25th Amendment), and so McKellar became the permanent presiding officer of the United States Senate. Also, as the President pro tempore of the Senate had, prior to 1886, been second in the presidential line of succession, behind only the vice president, Truman viewed McKellar as the logical wartime replacement for himself, and asked McKellar to attend all Cabinet meetings. In 1947 Truman successfully lobbied Congress to pass a new Presidential Succession Act restoring both the Speaker of the House and the President pro tempore of the Senate to the succession ahead of the Cabinet secretaries. By the time the law came into effect, McKellar was no longer in the position of President pro tempore, because Republicans held the majority in the 80th Congress. Truman vetoed the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947 to restrict labor unions, which McKellar voted in favor of. As such Truman selected Alben Barkley of Kentucky as his running mate in the 1948 presidential election. When Democrats regained control as a result of the 1948 elections, McKellar again became President pro tempore. He was therefore second in line for the presidency (behind the Speaker of the House) from January 3, 1949 until January 20, 1949, when Alben Barkley took office as Vice President of the United States.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
235,
516
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "When Harry Truman became president in April 1945, upon FD... |
Suede (band) | [
{
"indices": [
54,
66
],
"target": "Kele Okereke"
},
{
"indices": [
95,
105
],
"target": "Bloc Party"
},
{
"indices": [
160,
172
],
"target": "Dog Man Star"
},
{
"indices": [
231,
243
],
"target": "Kate Jacks... | p_1818 | Multiple artists have cited the band as an influence. Kele Okereke, lead singer of London band Bloc Party, said that he started making music because of Suede's Dog Man Star, and called it "the first record [he] fell in love with". Kate Jackson, lead singer of English indie rock band The Long Blondes has said in interviews of her love for Suede. In 2007, she admitted that Suede got her into music, saying: "Suede's debut album was unlike anything I'd heard before. It was the opposite of grunge, which I hated, and my escape from Bury St Edmunds." Christopher Owens of the Californian indie pop group Girls named Suede as one of his major influences, and his vocal style has been compared to that of Anderson. My Chemical Romance frontman Gerard Way cited Suede as a prominent inspiration for his 2014 solo album, Hesitant Alien. The band have also served as an influence on acts such as Sons and Daughters, Dum Dum Girls, and Drowners, who took their name from the similarly titled Suede song. Canadian rock band Destroyer named their 2017 album ken after the original title for "The Wild Ones".
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years old",
"answer_value": "39",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
54,
106
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Kele Okereke, lead singer of London band Bloc Part... |
Declan O'Keeffe | [
{
"indices": [
30,
38
],
"target": "Rathmore, County Kerry"
},
{
"indices": [
40,
52
],
"target": "County Kerry"
},
{
"indices": [
66,
71
],
"target": "Irish people"
},
{
"indices": [
96,
111
],
"target": "Ga... | p_1819 | Declan O'Keeffe (born 1972 in Rathmore, County Kerry) is a former Irish sportsperson. He played Gaelic football at various times with his local clubs Rathmore in Kerry and Clooney/Quin and St Josephs Doora-Barefield in Clare. He was a member of the Kerry senior inter-county team from 1996 until 2003. He won All-Ireland Senior Football Championships in 1997 & 2000. He also won an All-Ireland Junior Football Championship in 1994. He won Munster Under-21 Football Championship medals in 1992 and 1993, and a Munster Minor Football Championship medal in 1990. He won an International Rules in 1999 and a Railway Cup. He won 3 County Championships with East Kerry in 1997, 1998 and 1999.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
53
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Declan O'Keeffe (born 1972 in Rathmore, County Kerry)"
... |
2010 Australian federal election | [
{
"indices": [
49,
62
],
"target": "Rob Oakeshott"
},
{
"indices": [
126,
130
],
"target": "Division of Lyne"
},
{
"indices": [
153,
169
],
"target": "2008 Lyne by-election"
},
{
"indices": [
249,
259
],
"tar... | p_1820 | The coalition total was reduced to 64 seats when Rob Oakeshott, former state Nationals turned independent MP, won the seat of Lyne at the September 2008 Lyne by-election, resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Nationals leader Mark Vaile. The April 2008 Gippsland by-election, resulting from the resignation of the former Howard minister and Nationals MP Peter McGauran, saw the Nationals' Darren Chester retain the seat, receiving a swing of 6%. The Liberals suffered a swing in the September 2008 Mayo by-election resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Liberal leader Alexander Downer, and came close to losing the seat to the Greens candidate. The Liberals retained seats at the Bradfield and Higgins by-elections in December 2009. The member for Ryan, Michael Johnson, was expelled from the Liberal National Party on 20 May 2010, reducing the Coalition to 63 seats.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "5",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
260
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The coalition total was reduced to 64 seats when Rob Oak... |
Garbology | [
{
"indices": [
14,
23
],
"target": "Surveying"
},
{
"indices": [
291,
300
],
"target": "Recycling"
},
{
"indices": [
428,
437
],
"target": "Landfill"
},
{
"indices": [
495,
509
],
"target": "Biodegradation"
... | p_1821 | He started by surveying different areas of the country to better understand what types of garbage survives under different climates. He found there was little difference between the sites because the garbage is compacted. The California landfills did have less paper than those in Illinois. Recycling is thought to be the cause of the paper difference between states. Rathje's research uncovered some other misconceptions about landfills. In particular, it was revealed that the rate of natural biodegradation is far slower than had been assumed (e.g., in capacity planning). It was found that the plastic bottles that were crushed at the top were able to be re-inflated easier than those that were at the bottom because of a new system of bottle making called light-weighting. This is the process of using less plastic in bottles to conserve material and save money. Light-weighting is not limited to plastic alone; this process is used for aluminum and paper as well. Rathje also found that Americans were wrong about what they thought they threw away most. When combined, the three most infamous types of trash—diapers, fast food containers, and Styrofoam—amounted to less than three percent of the landfill's waste. Rathje found that plastic was 20-24 percent of waste and paper alone was 40 percent of the waste found in landfills. Thirteen percent of this paper waste was from newspapers. Rathje states the irony of this fact in his book. He talks about how newspapers are usually the ones that report things such as waste and pollution and it is these same newspapers clogging the landfills. Rathje discusses the rate of closing landfills and how for every six small landfills closed one large landfill opens. At the time he published his book he predicted that in the next five years 50 percent of the landfills open at the time would close. He determined this from his findings. In an effort for states to prevent their area becoming a large landfill often states ship their trash to other states. States such as Michigan are taking measures to prevent their state from being the landing spot for the nation's trash. Michigan has found that in the past years most of their rise in trash rates are because of trash imports from Canada.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 13217,
"passage": "landfill",
"start": 13114,
"text": "Included in this type of landfill is a Bioreactor Landfill that specifically degrades organic material."
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answ... |
Maritime fur trade | [
{
"indices": [
35,
52
],
"target": "Pacific Northwest"
},
{
"indices": [
76,
95
],
"target": "International trade"
},
{
"indices": [
172,
182
],
"target": "Capitalism"
},
{
"indices": [
215,
226
],
"target": ... | p_1822 | The maritime fur trade brought the Pacific Northwest coast into a vast, new international trade network, centered on the north Pacific Ocean, global in scope, and based on capitalism, but not, for the most part, on colonialism. A triangular trade network emerged linking the Pacific Northwest coast, China, the Hawaiian Islands (only recently discovered by the Western world), Britain, and the United States (especially New England). The trade had a major effect on the indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest coast, especially the Aleut, Sugpiaq, Tlingit, Haida, Nuu-chah-nulth, and Chinook peoples. A rapid increase of wealth occurred among the Northwest Coast natives, along with increased warfare, potlatching, slaving, and depopulation due to epidemic disease. However, the indigenous culture was not overwhelmed by rapid change, but actually flourished. For instance, the importance of totems and traditional nobility crests increased, and the Chinook Jargon, which remains a distinctive aspect of Pacific Northwest culture, was developed during this era. Native Hawaiian society was similarly affected by the sudden influx of Western wealth and technology, as well as epidemic diseases. The trade's effect on China and Europe was minimal, but for New England, the maritime fur trade and the significant profits it made helped revitalize the region, contributing to its transformation from an agrarian to an industrial society. The wealth generated by the maritime fur trade was invested in industrial development, especially textile manufacturing.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "yes",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
434,
603
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The trade had a major effect on the indigenous people ... |
Thomas Hungerford (Speaker) | [
{
"indices": [
76,
88
],
"target": "Edward III of England"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
120
],
"target": "Bad Parliament"
},
{
"indices": [
133,
164
],
"target": "List of Speakers of the House of Commons of England"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_1823 | Owing to Gaunt's influence, he was chosen in January 1376/7, in the last of Edward III's parliaments (the Bad Parliament), to act as Speaker of the House of Commons. According to the Rolls of Parliament (ii. 374) Hungerford "avait les paroles pur les communes d'Angleterre en cet parliament" ('[he] spoke for the commons of England in said Parliament'). He is thus the first person formally mentioned in the Rolls of Parliament as holding the office of speaker. Sir Peter de la Mare preceded him in the post, without the title, in the Good Parliament of 1376. In 1380 Hungerford was appointed Forester of Selwood. In 1369 he purchased from Walter Pavely, de jure Baron Burghersh, the manor of Farleigh Montfort, now called Farleigh Hungerford, which served as the chief residence of his descendants, and in 1383 obtained licence to crenellate his manor house there, which thus became Farleigh Castle. In about 1384 he aroused the suspicion of King Richard II, who attached him, but he obtained a pardon and also a confirmation of his free warren at Farleigh.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
614,
900
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 1369 he purchased from Walter Pavely, de jure Baron Bu... |
Moses Tunda Tatamy | [
{
"indices": [
41,
51
],
"target": "New Jersey"
},
{
"indices": [
124,
136
],
"target": "Pennsylvania"
},
{
"indices": [
190,
215
],
"target": "Stockertown, Pennsylvania"
},
{
"indices": [
220,
268
],
"target... | p_1824 | Tashawaylennahan was born around 1690 in New Jersey and was a translator and guide for the early settlers of New Jersey and Pennsylvania in the early 18th century. He lived near what is now Stockertown, Pennsylvania and Forks Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, north of Easton, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley, along the Delaware River. He moved from New Jersey as early as 1733. The Lenape were displaced from their land by the Walking Purchase, but on April 28, 1738 Tatamy was given by John, Thomas and Richard Penn, the descendants of William Penn. Worried that he would be displaced from his land, he formally purchased it in 1741 for 48 pounds, 16 shillings, and 5 pence. This made him the first native-born individual to make a formal purchase of land in Pennsylvania. After the Native Americans were forced to leave the Lehigh Valley, Tatamy petitioned the Pennsylvania Provincial Council for the right to remain on his land. In 1745, Tatamy was the first Native American baptized by David Brainerd. He died in 1760 and around 1780, Tatamy's neighbors, Henry and Matthias Stecher, claimed the property, and transferred it to William Allen. Tatamy's widow was listed on the 1790 United States Census.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 60,
"passage": "forks township, northampton county, pennsylvania",
"start": 12,
"text": "Forks Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
... |
Triumph of the Will | [
{
"indices": [
33,
37
],
"target": "Propaganda in Nazi Germany"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
53
],
"target": "Propaganda film"
},
{
"indices": [
100,
116
],
"target": "Leni Riefenstahl"
},
{
"indices": [
141,
160
],
... | p_1825 | Triumph of the Will () is a 1935 Nazi propaganda film directed, produced, edited, and co-written by Leni Riefenstahl. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg, which was attended by more than 700,000 Nazi supporters. The film contains excerpts from speeches given by Nazi leaders at the Congress, including Adolf Hitler, Rudolf Hess and Julius Streicher, interspersed with footage of massed Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) troops and public reaction. Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer; his name appears in the opening titles. The film's overriding theme is the return of Germany as a great power, with Hitler as the leader who will bring glory to the nation. Because the film was made after the 1934 Night of the Long Knives (on 30 June), many prominent Sturmabteilung (SA) members are absent—they were murdered in that Party purge, organised and orchestrated by Hitler to replace the SA with the Schutzstaffel (SS) as his main paramilitary force.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 165,
"passage": "propaganda in nazi germany",
"start": 161,
"text": "1933"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indice... |
Future of the Royal Navy | [
{
"indices": [
4,
20
],
"target": "Aircraft carrier"
},
{
"indices": [
67,
84
],
"target": "Carrier air wing"
},
{
"indices": [
275,
290
],
"target": "British Aerospace Harrier II"
},
{
"indices": [
304,
315
],
... | p_1826 | The aircraft carrier's major instrument of power projection is the carrier air group. The larger the air group, the more tasks it can perform. The Invincible class, because of its small size, had only a limited capacity, and was only capable of operating STOVL aircraft, the Harrier GR7/GR9. In 2006 the Sea Harrier was withdrawn from service. This saw the front line Sea Harrier squadron of the Fleet Air Arm converting to the Harrier GR9, as part of the evolution of the Joint Force Harrier concept. The Harrier's eventual replacement in both the RAF and the FAA is the F-35 Lightning II Joint Combat Aircraft. The F-35 will be a significant improvement over the Harrier, in terms of speed, range and weapon load. The UK had plans to order 138 F-35Bs for the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. The financial crisis led to the decision taken in the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010 to immediately withdraw the Harrier GR9 force in late 2010 along with HMS Ark Royal, to reduce the total number of F-35s planned for purchase by the UK, and to purchase the F-35C CATOBAR version rather than the STOVL F-35B. By May 2012, the government had decided to purchase the short-take off version, the F-35B instead. In July 2012, the Secretary of State for Defence stated that an initial 48 F-35Bs will be purchased to equip the carrier fleet. In September 2013, it was announced that the second JSF squadron would be the Fleet Air Arm's 809 NAS. Chancellor George Osborne announced on 22 November 2015 that the UK will have 24 F-35Bs on its two new carriers by 2023. The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 also confirmed that the United Kingdom will buy 138 F-35s over the life of the program. On 20 May 2016, it was reported that the UK would field four frontline squadrons as part of its Lightning Force, including 809 NAS and 617 Squadron, plus an RAF-numbered Operational Conversion Unit (later 207 Sqn) and 17(R) Squadron as the Operational Evaluation Squadron. 809 NAS will stand up in April 2023.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "36",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
292,
343
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 2006 the Sea Harrier was withdrawn from service."
... |
Yoshiaki Maruyama | [
{
"indices": [
21,
28
],
"target": "Machida, Tokyo"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
89
],
"target": "Waseda University"
},
{
"indices": [
101,
110
],
"target": "J1 League"
},
{
"indices": [
116,
132
],
"target": "Yokoh... | p_1827 | Maruyama was born in Machida on October 12, 1974. After graduating from Waseda University, he joined J1 League club Yokohama Marinos (later Yokohama F. Marinos) in 1997. He played center back in 1997 when Masami Ihara and Norio Omura left the club for Japan national team. However he could hardly play in the match from 1998. In 2000, he moved to J2 League club Montedio Yamagata on loan. He played as regular center back. In 2001, he returned to Yokohama F. Marinos. However he could hardly play in the match. In 2002, he moved to J2 club Albirex Niigata. He played as regular center back and the club won the champions in 2003 and was promoted to J1 from 2004. However his opportunity to play decreased for injury from 2004 and he left the club end of 2005 season. After rehabilitation in 6 months, he joined J2 club Vegalta Sendai in July 2006. However he could hardly play in the match for injury. In 2008, he moved to Regional Leagues club AC Nagano Parceiro and played in all matches in 2008 season. In 2009, he moved to Thailand and played for Chonburi (2009) and Thai Port (2010-11). He retired end of 2011 season.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 2416,
"passage": "machida, tokyo",
"start": 2411,
"text": "Japan"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Joanna Kozłowska | [
{
"indices": [
280,
297
],
"target": "Grand Theatre, Poznań"
},
{
"indices": [
460,
477
],
"target": "Royal Opera House"
},
{
"indices": [
600,
617
],
"target": "La Scala"
},
{
"indices": [
631,
647
],
"targe... | p_1828 | She first gained international attention by winning the first prize at the Benson and Hedges International Voice Competition in London, which was followed by winning second prize at the International Vocal Competition in Rio de Janeiro. Early on she got a long-term contract with The Grand Theatre in her home town Poznań to which she was closely linked from 1984 to 1998. Already in January 1986 her international career started and she debuted as Liù at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, and thereafter sung at the most prestigious opera houses of Europa and America. In Italy she performed at Teatro alla Scala in Milan, at Teatro La Fenice in Venice and at the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, in Austria at the Graz Opera and at the Vienna State Opera, in Germany at the Bavarian State Opera of Munich, at the Hamburg State Opera and at the Deutsche Oper in Berlin, in Paris at the Théâtre du Châtelet, in Geneva at the Grand Théâtre, in Brussels at the Théâtre de la Monnaie and in Buenos Aires at the Teatro Colón. In the United States she earned high acclaim as Sandrina in Mozart's La finta giardiniera at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, as Donna Elvira at the Los Angeles Opera and as Alice Ford in a concert version with the Minnesota Orchestra under Jeffrey Tate. At the Atlanta Opera she stunned public and press in the title role of Puccini's Madama Butterfly.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 1143,
"passage": "Joanna Kozłowska",
"start": 1118,
"text": "Brooklyn Academy of Music"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Mohamed Atta | [
{
"indices": [
34,
54
],
"target": "September 11 attacks"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
137
],
"target": "Prague"
},
{
"indices": [
172,
177
],
"target": "Iraq"
},
{
"indices": [
285,
288
],
"target": "Federal Burea... | p_1829 | In the months following up to the September 11 attacks, officials at the Czech Interior Ministry asserted that Atta made a trip to Prague on April 8, 2001, to meet with an Iraqi intelligence agent named Ahmed Khalil Ibrahim Samir al-Ani. This piece of information was passed on to the FBI as "unevaluated raw intelligence". Intelligence officials have concluded that such a meeting did not occur. A Pakistani businessman named Mohammed Atta had come to Prague from Saudi Arabia on May 31, 2000, with this second Atta possibly contributing to confusion. The Egyptian Mohamed Atta arrived at the Florenc bus terminal in Prague, from Germany, on June 2, 2000. He left Prague the next day, flying on Czech Airlines to Newark, New Jersey, U.S. In the Czech Republic, some intelligence officials say the source of the purported meeting was an Arab informant who approached the Czech intelligence service with his sighting of Atta only after Atta's photograph had appeared in newspapers all over the world. United States and Czech intelligence officials have since concluded that the person seen with Ani was mistakenly identified as Atta, and the consensus of investigators has concluded that Atta never attended a meeting in Prague.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": "yes",
"type": "binary"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
154
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In the months following up to the September 11 attacks, ... |
Henry Flynt | [
{
"indices": [
154,
165
],
"target": "Garage rock"
},
{
"indices": [
213,
226
],
"target": "Improvisation"
},
{
"indices": [
232,
257
],
"target": "Catherine Christer Hennix"
},
{
"indices": [
261,
269
],
"ta... | p_1830 | The Locust Music releases (curated and designed by Dawson Prater) showcase the full range of his musical interests from minimalism, hillbilly country and garage rock. "C Tune" (Locust, 2002) documents a 1980 live improvisation with Catherine Christer Hennix on tamboura and Flynt on electric violin. "Raga Electric: Experimental Music 1963-1971" (Locust, 2002) is the seminal anthology of Flynt's most challenging avant-garde work that includes "Raga Electric" (1966) and "Free Alto" (1964). "Back Porch Hillbilly Blues - Volume 1" (Locust, 2003), with "Acoustic Hillbilly Jive" and "Blue Sky Highway and Tyme", and "Back Porch Hillbilly Blues Volume 2" (Locust) showcase a meeting of Henry Flynt's vision of rural roots music and American minimalism. "I Don't Wanna" (Locust Music, 2004) documents a garage-punk band, the Insurrections, that Flynt led in 1966 with Walter De Maria and Paul Breslin. "Purified by the Fire" (Locust, 2005), recorded in December 1981, repeats the format of "C Tune": Catherine Christer Hennix on tamboura and Flynt on electric violin. The 41-minute raga is dominated by the languid phrases of the violin that tests the border between melodic fragments and distorted tones. The "Indian" element is the background of hypnotic tamboura drones, but Flynt's improvisation at the violin betrays the influence of jazz music."Henry Flynt & Nova'Billy" (Locust, 2007) collects material recorded between 1974 and 1975 by his rock band Nova'Billy. "Dharma Warriors" (Locust, 2008) showcases another meeting between Catherine Christer Hennix & Flynt recorded in 1980 in Woodstock, New York.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 517,
"passage": "catherine christer hennix",
"start": 499,
"text": " in the late 1960s"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
BC UNICS | [
{
"indices": [
420,
424
],
"target": "PBC CSKA Moscow"
},
{
"indices": [
432,
463
],
"target": "Russian Basketball Super League 1"
},
{
"indices": [
520,
531
],
"target": "FIBA Saporta Cup"
},
{
"indices": [
574,
582... | p_1831 | UNICS has gone a long way towards helping Russian basketball since the club was established in 1991. Between 1994 and 1997, UNICS secured a berth in Russia's first division, and then made a smashing debut, establishing itself among the top five teams in the country. UNICS had already played in European competitions in 1997, but the new millennium happened to be a turning point for the club. The team placed second to CSKA in the Russian Basketball Super League in 2001 and 2002, the year in which it also reached the Saporta Cup semifinals, losing against the Greek club Maroussi in the semifinals. UNICS' first title was the Russian Cup in March 2003, with an electrifying 81–82 overtime victory over CSKA. UNICS' fans did not have to wait long to see their team win a European title, too. Kazan hosted the FIBA Europe League final four, which was eventually named the FIBA EuroChallenge, in April 2004, and UNICS made sure of its opportunity. UNICS signed Saulius Štombergas, Eurelijus Žukauskas, and Chris Anstey, and then won its regular season group, and advanced to the final four, which was held on its own floor, and where the club was crowned the FIBA Europe League champions. The MVP of the tournament's final four, Martin Müürsepp, scored 22 points, in an 87–63 win over Maroussi, in the title game. By the 2005–06 season, UNICS went one level up, and made its ULEB Cup (later named EuroCup) debut, where they tied the best regular season record in the competition's history. However, things turned south quickly, as UNICS lost at home against Roma, for the only time all season, in the tournament's eighth finals’ second leg, and crashed out earlier than expected. UNICS got stronger for the next season, keeping the core group of the previous season's side, while adding Darjuš Lavrinovič to reunite with his twin brother Kšyštof Lavrinovič, in a twin-towers set full of talent. The team made it to the ULEB Cup semifinals, before losing to the eventual league champs Real Madrid. It also returned to the Russian League finals, losing against perennial champion CSKA.
| [
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{
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The team placed second to CSKA in the Russian Basketball ... |
Moshe Dayan | [
{
"indices": [
53,
65
],
"target": "Ottoman Empire"
},
{
"indices": [
148,
155
],
"target": "Kibbutz"
},
{
"indices": [
215,
221
],
"target": "Moshav"
},
{
"indices": [
265,
274
],
"target": "Jerusalem"
},
... | p_1832 | Moshe Dayan (; 20 May 1915 – 16 October 1981) was an Ottoman-born Israeli military leader and politician. He was the second child born on the first kibbutz, but he moved with his family in 1921, and he grew up on a moshav (farming cooperative). As commander of the Jerusalem front in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces (1953–58) during the 1956 Suez Crisis, but mainly as Defense Minister during the Six-Day War in 1967, he became to the world a fighting symbol of the new state of Israel. In the 1930s, he was trained by Orde Wingate to set traps for Palestinian-Arabs fighting the British and he later lost an eye in a raid on Vichy forces in Lebanon. Dayan was close to David Ben-Gurion and joined him in leaving the Mapai party and setting up the Rafi party in 1965 with Shimon Peres. Dayan became Defence Minister just before the 1967 Six-Day War. After the October War of 1973, Dayan was blamed for the lack of preparedness; after some time he resigned. In 1977, following the election of Menachem Begin as Prime Minister, Dayan was expelled from the Labor Party because he joined the Likud-led government as Foreign Minister, playing an important part in negotiating the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
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805
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Dayan was close to David Ben-Gurion and joined him in lea... |
Jan Pronk | [
{
"indices": [
23,
61
],
"target": "House of Representatives (Netherlands)"
},
{
"indices": [
72,
88
],
"target": "1971 Dutch general election"
},
{
"indices": [
132,
144
],
"target": "Frontbencher"
},
{
"indices": [
153,
... | p_1833 | Pronk was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1971, taking office on 11 May 1971 serving as a frontbencher and the spokesperson for Development Cooperation and deputy spokesperson for Housing and Spatial Planning and Kingdom Relations. Pronk was selected as a Member of the European Parliament and dual served in those positions, taking office on 13 March 1973. After the election of 1972 Pronk was appointed as Minister for Development Cooperation in the Cabinet Den Uyl, taking office on 11 May 1973. The Cabinet Den Uyl fell on 22 March 1977 after four years of tensions in the coalition and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity. After the election of 1977 Pronk returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 8 June 1977 but he was still serving in the cabinet and because of dualism customs in the constitutional convention of Dutch politics he couldn't serve a dual mandate he subsequently resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives on 8 September 1977. The Cabinet Den Uyl was replaced by the Van Agt-Wiegel cabinet following the cabinet formation of 1977 on 19 December 1977. Pronk subsequently returned as a Member of the House of Representatives after the resignation of Wijnie Jabaaij taking office on 16 January 1978 serving as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Development Cooperation and deputy spokesperson for Foreign Affairs and Kingdom Relations. In July 1980 Pronk was nominated as Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), he resigned as a Member of the House of Representatives the same day he was installed as Assistant Secretary-General, taking office on 18 August 1980. After the election of 1986 Pronk returned again as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 3 June 1986 serving as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Development Cooperation, Agriculture and Fisheries and deputy spokesperson for Housing and Spatial Planning. After the election of 1989 Pronk was again appointed as Minister for Development Cooperation in the Cabinet Lubbers III, taking office on 7 November 1989. Pronk served as acting Minister of Defence from 6 February 1991 until 3 March 1991 during a medical leave of absence of Relus ter Beek. After election of 1994 Pronk once again returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 17 May 1994. Following the cabinet formation of 1994 Pronk continued as Minister for Development Cooperation in the Cabinet Kok I, taking office on 22 August 1994. After election of 1998 Pronk again returned as a Member of the House of Representatives, taking office on 19 May 1998. Following the cabinet formation of 1998 Pronk was appointed as Minister of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment in the Cabinet Kok II, taking office on 3 August 1998. In October 2001 Pronk announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 2002. The Cabinet Kok II resigned on 16 April 2002 following the conclusions of the NIOD report into the Srebrenica massacre during the Bosnian War and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity. The Cabinet Kok II was replaced by the Cabinet Balkenende I following the cabinet formation of 2002 on 22 July 2002. In August 2002 Pronk was appointed as Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Earth Summit 2002 serving from 1 September 2002 until 31 December 2002. Pronk also served as a distinguished professor of International Development at the International Institute of Social Studies from 1 January 2003 until 1 July 2010. In June 2004 he was nominated as the first Special Representative of the Secretary-General for the United Nations Mission in Sudan serving 1 July 2004 until 10 December 2006.
| [
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"text": "elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after t... |
State of Buenos Aires | [
{
"indices": [
26,
44
],
"target": "Ejército Grande"
},
{
"indices": [
66,
87
],
"target": "Justo José de Urquiza"
},
{
"indices": [
116,
129
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"target": "Head of state"
},
{
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"target... | p_1834 | The central figure in the overthrow of Rosas, Entre Ríos Governor Justo José de Urquiza, was granted the power of a head of state by the Palermo Protocols of April 6, 1852. This provoked resistance in Buenos Aires, however, which then refused to ratify the San Nicolás Agreement of May 31. The prospect of having the Argentine Congress headquartered in Santa Fe proved especially objectionable, and Urquiza's June 12 appointment of former President Vicente López y Planes failed to turn public opinion in Buenos Aires. Colonel Bartolomé Mitre rallied the Assembly against the San Nicolás Accords. The most contentious issue remained the Buenos Aires Customs, which remained under the control of the city government and was the chief source of public revenue. Nations with which the Confederation maintained foreign relations, moreover, kept all embassies in Buenos Aires (rather than in the capital, Paraná).
| [
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"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "This provoked resistance in Buenos Aires, however, whi... |
Arne Somersalo | [
{
"indices": [
30,
52
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"target": "University of Helsinki"
},
{
"indices": [
93,
111
],
"target": "University of Jena"
},
{
"indices": [
122,
129
],
"target": "Germany"
},
{
"indices": [
141,
156
],
"target"... | p_1835 | Somersalo was educated at the University of Helsinki before studying natural sciences at the University of Jena. Based in Germany during the First World War he enrolled in the German Army as an officer in 1916, serving until the armistice. He would later claim that the war had been the death of old Europe and argued that one of its main positives was that it had "rescued our nation from the deadly, slimy embrace of a lothsome cuttlefish" in reference to Russia. He transferred straight to the Finnish Army and from 1920 to 1926 was the commander of the Finnish Air Force.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
466,
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He transferred straight to the Finnish Army and from 1920... |
University College Dublin A.F.C. | [
{
"indices": [
370,
389
],
"target": "Leinster Senior Cup (association football)"
},
{
"indices": [
555,
570
],
"target": "Collingwood Cup"
},
{
"indices": [
594,
616
],
"target": "Irish Intermediate Cup"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_1836 | University College Dublin A.F.C. was founded in 1895 as the Catholic University Medical School Football Club. They began playing regular games the following year. A First XI played College games against other Universities and a Second XI entered outside competitions. The club was founder members of the Leinster Junior League in 1896 and reached the semi-finals of the Leinster Senior Cup in 1897. The club became University College Dublin when the new University annexed the Medical school in 1908. UCD won the inaugural Intervarsities competition, the Collingwood Cup, in 1914 and added the Irish Intermediate Cup the following year beating Portadown 2–1 in a replayed final. When the Irish Free State was formed in 1921 and the new Football Association of Ireland was formed, UCD participated in the Preliminary round against fellow non-League team Shamrock Rovers in November 1921. The game took place in Windy Arbour and the Hoops won 6–2. UCD were invited to join the League of Ireland in 1922, but had to turn it down on the basis of not being able to field a team in the League of Ireland Shield in September as the Academic year didn't commence until October. In 1945 they won the FAI Intermediate Cup when UCD beat fellow future League of Ireland members Cobh Ramblers 4–2 in the final. UCD appeared in the FAI Cup in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, their final appearance as a non-League outfit coming in 1957 when Cork Athletic beat UCD 4–2 in the Mardyke.
| [
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"answer": {
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{
"end": 389,
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"start": 370,
"text": "Leinster Senior Cup"
},
{
"end": 616,
"passage": "University College Dublin A.F.C.",
"start": 59... |
Dayton Flyers men's basketball | [
{
"indices": [
78,
89
],
"target": "Don Donoher"
},
{
"indices": [
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402
],
"target": "Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball"
},
{
"indices": [
414,
423
],
"target": "Tennessee Volunteers basketball"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_1837 | Tom Blackburn became ill with terminal lung cancer during the 1963–64 season. Don Donoher, a former Dayton player and assistant coach took over for the final three games of the 1963–64 season. Donoher, with Assistant Coach Chuck Grigsby, guided the Flyers to the NCAA Sweet Sixteen in his first two years as coach; they then led the Flyers to the 1967 NCAA Championship game by beating Western Kentucky, #8 ranked Tennessee, Virginia Tech, and #4 ranked North Carolina, before falling to #1 ranked and eventual champion UCLA 79–64 in the final. Donoher's 1967–68 squad began the season ranked #6 in the country in the AP Poll, but faltered in early competition and finished with a 17–9 record, missing the NCAA tournament. Nonetheless, Donoher's Flyers made a successful run through the 1968 NIT field, besting Kansas in the championship to win their second NIT crown. The Flyers would again face UCLA in a pivotal NCAA tournament game in 1974. The 20–7 Flyers squared off against the Bruins in the West Regional Sweet Sixteen and took the Bill Walton-led seven consecutive NCAA Champions to three overtimes before eventually falling 111–100. Donoher would again lead the Flyers to NCAA success in 1984 as Roosevelt Chapman led Flyers bested LSU, #7 ranked Oklahoma, and #15 ranked Washington before falling in the Elite Eight to eventual national champion Georgetown. The 24-season Donoher era was arguably Dayton's finest, producing eight NCAA tournament invitations, and eight NIT invitations. Following the success of the 1967 National Runner Up squad, the University began planning for a new 13,500 seat facility to house the nationally prominent Flyers. The UD Arena became the Flyer's home court at the start of the 1969–70 season.
| [
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544
],
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"text": "they then led the Flyers to the 1967 NCAA Championship ga... |
Jan Ruhtenberg | [
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Modern architecture"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Bauhaus"
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{
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"target": "Ludwig Mies van der Rohe"
},
{
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],
"t... | p_1838 | Jan Ruhtenberg (a.k.a. Alexander Gustaf Jan Ruhtenberg or Alexander Gustav Jan Ruhtenberg, born Alexander Gustaf Rutencrantz von Ruhtenberg, 28 February 1896 – died, December 1975) was an architect who "made significant contributions in introducing modern architecture to the United States as a teacher and a modern architect". Ruhtenberg was involved in the Bauhaus movement in Germany, studying under Mies van der Rohe and worked with Philip Johnson. In The International Style: Architecture Since 1922 Johnson acknowledges Ruhtenberg as one of two “kind friends” who have read and criticized draft texts. Johnson and fellow author Henry-Russell Hitchcock included Ruhtenberg’s 1930 Berlin apartment house interior among their illustrations of modern design. In his biography of Philip Johnson, architectural historian Franz Schulze refers to Ruhtenberg as Johnson's new friend during the latter's travels in Germany in 1929. The two visited the Bauhaus in Dessau together. At the time Ruhtenberg was a public relations aide to designer Bruno Paul. Johnson, working with Henry-Russell Hitchcock, was gathering material for The International Style: Architecture Since 1922. Ruhtenberg was traveling with them. Schulze cites Johnson's letter of 17 September 1930 to J. J. P. Oud, a Dutch modernist architect, in which Johnson called Ruhtenberg his best friend, describing him as a beginning architecture student. Three years later in another letter to Oud, Johnson tells him that he is building a house in Manhattan with his friend Jan Ruhtenberg. He was active in many areas of country such as New York City with both his architectural skills (the renovation of 57 East 93rd Street that was reviewed by Architectural Forum in 1937); He is "credited" with the interior design of Nelson Rockefeller's Penthouse at 810 Fifth Avenue (62nd Street) by the New York Times; and his opinions on the progressive housing movement which were recorded for the Library of Congress.
| [
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"text": "Jan Ruhtenberg (a.k.a. Alexander Gustaf Jan Ruhtenb... |
History of Bolivia (1809–1920) | [
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"indices": [
4,
12
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"target": "Peninsular War"
},
{
"indices": [
20,
37
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"target": "Iberian Peninsula"
},
{
"indices": [
52,
70
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"target": "Napoleon"
},
{
"indices": [
110,
148
],
"target": "Spanish A... | p_1839 | The invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 1807-08 by Napoleon Bonaparte's forces proved to be critical for the independence struggle in South America, during which the local elites of Upper Peru remained mostly loyal to Spain, supporting Junta Central, a government which ruled in the name of the overthrown king Ferdinand VII of Spain. A number of radical criollos in 1808-10 began a local power struggle. Pedro Domingo Murillo proclaimed an independent state in Upper Peru in the name of king Ferdinand VII. During the following seven years Upper Peru became the battleground between the armed forces of independent United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata and royalist troops from Viceroyalty of Peru.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
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"passage": "main",
"text": "The invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 1807-08 by ... |
Davide Santon | [
{
"indices": [
50,
66
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"target": "Newcastle United F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
251,
268
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"target": "Tottenham Hotspur F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
299,
313
],
"target": "Premier League"
},
{
"indices": [
358,
370
],
... | p_1840 | On 30 August 2011, Santon signed for English club Newcastle United on a five-year contract, for an undisclosed fee; according to Inter, Santon was sold for €4 million. He made his Newcastle debut on 16 October 2011 as a second-half substitute against Tottenham Hotspur. He went on to make his first Premier League start for the club in December away against Norwich City, before making his full home debut the next week against Swansea City. He set up Papiss Cissé's first goal in the Magpies' shock win at Chelsea in the 19th minute. Halfway through the 2012–13 season, Santon was the only Newcastle player to have started every Premier League match. In the 3–2 win over Chelsea on 2 February 2013, he assisted the first goal with a cross for Jonás Gutiérrez, and the winning goal scored by Moussa Sissoko. He scored his first goal for Newcastle on 17 March, an equaliser against Wigan Athletic.
| [
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{
"indices": [
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "He scored his first goal"
},
{
"indic... |
Arkansas Highway 80 | [
{
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"target": "Scott County, Arkansas"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Waldron, Arkansas"
},
{
"indices": [
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"target": "U.S. Route 71 in Arkansas"
},
{
"indices": [
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279
... | p_1841 | The highway begins at Highway 28 in western Scott County within the Ouachita Mountains. Highway 28 runs southeast to Waldron, where it has a junction with US Highway 71 (US 71) on the city's west side. After this intersection, Highway 80 continues due east as a section line road and major east–west route in the city. An intersection with US Highway 71 Business (US 71B) just south of downtown Waldron gives access to the primary commercial areas of Waldron. Continuing east, the highway serves as the western terminus for Highway 248 just south of the Poteau River near the eastern city limits of Waldron. Just east of this junction, Highway 80 passes the Poteau Work Center owned and operated by the United States Forest Service. East of Waldron, Highway 80 enters the Ouachita National Forest, a dense pine and cypress forest. The route winds through the forest, serving as the eastern terminus of Highway 250 before entering Yell County.
| [
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... |
Æon Flux (film) | [
{
"indices": [
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38
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"target": "Phil Hay (screenwriter)"
},
{
"indices": [
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],
"target": "Matt Manfredi"
},
{
"indices": [
74,
86
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"target": "Karyn Kusama"
},
{
"indices": [
130,
141
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"target": ... | p_1842 | The screenplay was written by Phil Hay and Matt Manfredi, and directed by Karyn Kusama. It was based on the animated TV series by Peter Chung, who had a minor role in this film version of his work. In the early stages of production, actress Michelle Rodriguez was considered for the part of Æon. She had previously worked with Kusama in Girlfight. Kusama had originally suggested filming in Brasília, the capital of Brazil, because the 20th-century modern architecture of that city fit with her vision of Bregna. The producers rejected the idea because Brasília lacked the infrastructure and technical expertise to support a major film production. After several cities were scouted, Berlin and Potsdam in Germany were chosen for filming. Berlin had several locations that fit into the organic yet structured world of Æon Flux. The crew gained permission to film in several locations that had never allowed such access before, including the Treptow Crematorium, the Adlershof Trudelturm and Windkanal wind tunnel facility, and the Haus der Kulturen der Welt ("House of the World's Cultures"). Additional locations included the Bauhaus Archive and a dissection theatre built in 1790 to train veterinarians, part of the Berlin animal shelter. It was used as the Handler space. Filming was temporarily suspended for a month during September 2004 while Theron recovered from a neck injury she sustained during stunt-work on the tenth day of shooting. She was hospitalized in Berlin for five days and required about six weeks of physiotherapy to recover.
| [
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... |
Billa (1980 film) | [
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Rajinikanth"
},
{
"indices": [
263,
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"target": "Hindi"
},
{
"indices": [
274,
277
],
"target": "Don (1978 film)"
},
{
"indices": [
296,
307
],
"target": "Salim-Javed"... | p_1843 | By the end of the 1970s, Rajinikanth had become a popular actor in South Indian cinema. During this phase of his career, he abruptly chose to quit acting, but was coaxed back. He made a comeback with the R. Krishnamurthy-directed Billa, which was a remake of the Hindi film Don (1978) written by Salim-Javed. The film was named after Billa, a real criminal. For the first time in his career, Rajinikanth was cast in dual roles: the eponymous gangster and the street entertainer Rajappa. Although the film was a shot-for-shot adaptation of Don, Rajinikanth avoided aping Amitabh Bachchan, the lead actor of the original, and instead interpreted the roles in his own unique style. K. Balaji played the role of the DSP Alexander, while Sripriya was signed to play the female lead which Zeenat Aman had portrayed in the original Hindi version. Jayalalithaa was earlier offered the role, but declined. Thengai Srinivasan was selected to play the role originally portrayed by Pran in Don, while A. V. M. Rajan and Major Sundarrajan played inspector Varma and interpol officer Gokulnath, respectively. Helen, who appeared in Don, reprised her role in this remake. Cinematography was handled by G. Or. Nathan, and the editing by V. Chakrapani. The film was produced by Balaji's son Suresh Balaje under Suresh Arts, while K. Balaji was credited as presenter.
| [
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{
"indices": [
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],
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"text": "Rajinikanth avoided aping Amitabh Bachchan, the lead a... |
Princess Fiona | [
{
"indices": [
25,
36
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"target": "Ted Elliott (screenwriter)"
},
{
"indices": [
41,
53
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"target": "Terry Rossio"
},
{
"indices": [
107,
120
],
"target": "William Steig"
},
{
"indices": [
139,
145
],
"targ... | p_1844 | Created by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, Fiona is loosely based on the unsightly princess in William Steig's children's book Shrek!, from which her role and appearance were significantly modified. The screenwriters adapted the character into a princess under a shapeshifting enchantment, an idea that was initially greatly contested by other filmmakers. Fiona is voiced by actress Cameron Diaz. Comedian and actress Janeane Garofalo was originally cast as the character until she was fired from the first film with little explanation, although it is believed that the producers found Garofalo's sarcastic approach to the princess unsuitable after Shrek's original voice actor died. Fiona was one of the first human characters to have a lead role in a computer-animated film, thus the animators aspired to make her both beautiful and realistic in appearance. However, an early test screening resulted in children reacting negatively towards the character's uncanny realism, prompting the animators to re-design Fiona into a more stylized, cartoonish heroine.
| [
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King George and Queen Mary | [
{
"indices": [
36,
49
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"target": "George V"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
64
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"target": "Mary of Teck"
},
{
"indices": [
104,
120
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"target": "Monarchy of the United Kingdom"
},
{
"indices": [
184,
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"targe... | p_1845 | The programme explores the lives of King George V and Queen Mary, and their attempts at modernising the British Monarchy in response to the massive social changes during and following World War I. The first episode recalls how, fearing anti-German sentiment, the royal house name was changed by King George from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the House of Windsor. The series also examines the personal lives of the couple, delving into their relationships with their children, and with each other. The marriage between George and Mary was an arranged marriage, occurring only because Prince Albert Victor, George's brother and Mary's original fiancé, died from influenza. George V is presented in the series as a disciplinarian, who strictly punished his children, but was known to be much more loving to his granddaughter, Queen Elizabeth II.
| [
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"text": "The programme explores the lives of King George V and Qu... |
Enrique Cornelio Osornio Martínez de los Ríos | [
{
"indices": [
77,
86
],
"target": "Querétaro"
},
{
"indices": [
182,
213
],
"target": "School of Medicine, UNAM"
},
{
"indices": [
218,
229
],
"target": "Mexico City"
},
{
"indices": [
259,
276
],
"target": ... | p_1846 | He attended the Colegio San Luis Gonzaga and afterwards the Colegio Civil of Querétaro from 1883 to 1887. In 1892 he began his studies at the Escuela Nacional de Medicina (currently Faculty of Medicine of the UNAM) in Mexico City and graduated in 1893. As an officer candidate he completed the Escuela Práctica Médico-Militar (predecessor of the Escuela Médico Militar) at the military teaching hospital and made his specialty training in ophthalmology in the United States and in Canada from 1893 to 1895. In 1896 he married María Elvira Camarena Aldana and worked in Aguascalientes. He also was a liberal thinking politician, active in the city of Aguascalientes from 1903 to 1911 and as Deputy Governor of Aguascalientes from 1910 to 1911. From 1914 he served as a military surgeon on the side of revolutionary forces during the revolution, was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General (MC) in 1916. From June 1, 1916 to December 11, 1917 as well as from December 4, 1920 to December 16, 1934 he served as head of the medical branch in the Secretaría de Guerra y Marina. He was one of the founders of the Escuela Constitucionalista Médico Militar where he was director and taught as Professor of pathology, medical therapy and ophthalmology. From 1933 to 1934 he was director of the journal "Gaceta Médico Militar", the organ of the Mexican military branch. He died in Mexico City.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 114,
"passage": "mexico city",
"start": 107,
"text": "Mexico "
}
],
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... |
Frank Charles (speedway rider) | [
{
"indices": [
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],
"target": "Music hall"
},
{
"indices": [
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],
"target": "Piano accordion"
},
{
"indices": [
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],
"target": "Burnley"
},
{
"indices": [
166,
187
],
"target": "White City,... | p_1847 | Prior to taking up speedway, Charles worked as a baker and grocer, and performed in music halls with a piano accordion. In 1929 Charles rode for Burnley, in 1930 for Manchester White City and then for Leeds Lions and Belle Vue in 1931 but was badly injured and lost his form, and so retired from the sport. In 1933, the Belle Vue Aces tempted him out of retirement, and looked to have regained his former form when he won the Wembley championship that year, also breaking the track record. In 1934 Charles' father died, so he returned to the family business. In 1935 Wembley Lions paid £1,000 to sign Charles, where he became the club's top scorer and was selected to ride for England against Australia. He went on to win the Star Riders' Championship despite only initially taking part in the competition as a replacement for Ginger Lees. In 1936 he topped the club's scoring again, was top scorer for the England Test team, and qualified for World Championship final, tying for fourth place with Cordy Milne, and broke the track record during the meeting. He qualified again for the 1937 final. At the end of the 1938 season he decided to retire to concentrate on his long-term hobby of gliding.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 19,
"passage": "burnley",
"start": 12,
"text": "Burnley"
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,... |
Ó Flaithbheartaigh | [
{
"indices": [
4,
19
],
"target": "Uí Briúin"
},
{
"indices": [
66,
75
],
"target": "Uí Briúin"
},
{
"indices": [
186,
206
],
"target": "Murchadh mac Maenach"
},
{
"indices": [
230,
250
],
"target": "Urchadh ... | p_1848 | The Uí Briúin Seóla was one of the major branches of the powerful Uí Briúin dynasty, which had become the dominant force in Connacht by the 8th century. The genealogies list two sons of Murchadh mac Maenach: Urchadh and Urumhain. Urchadh mac Murchadh, King of Maigh Seóla (also listed as king of Iarthair Connacht, died 945, in the 14th century Book of Ballymote) was father of Bé Binn inion Urchadh, Princess of the Uí Briúin Seóla and Queen of Thomond (fl. early 10th century). Bé Binn married Cennétig mac Lorcáin of Thomond to produce a son who would become the High King of Ireland (Irish: Ard-Rí na hÉireann): Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig, known in English as Brian Boru (c. 941–23 April 1014). Brian broke the near monopoly of the Uí Néill over the High Kingship of Ireland and fought to unite Ireland as a people under one, native king. His father, Cennétig mac Lorcáin of Thomond, was one of the principal leaders of the resistance to the Danish Viking incursions. Cennétig had several wives and children but positively assigned Bé Binn as the mother of Brian Bóruma.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 5220,
"passage": "high king of ireland",
"start": 5216,
"text": "1002"
}
],
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"context": [
{
"indices": ... |
Maxima Basu | [
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"indices": [
39,
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"target": "Maxim Gorky"
},
{
"indices": [
86,
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"target": "Basu"
},
{
"indices": [
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115
],
"target": "Delhi"
},
{
"indices": [
141,
160
],
"target": "Slumdog Millionaire"
},... | p_1849 | Maxima is named after Russian novelist Maxim Gorky. She belongs to a Bengali-speaking Basu family residing in Delhi. She made her debut with Slumdog Millionaire (2009), in which she designed costumes and assisted Danny Boyle, who earned Academy Award for Best Director for the film. Later, she switched to designing costumes with 2013 blockbuster Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela. Director Sanjay Leela Bhansali gave her the chance. He later repeated her for his next venture Bajirao Mastani. She was applauded nationally. Sanjay, Priyanka Chopra, Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh was all in praise for her dresses on their characters. She earned Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design in 2016 for the film. In 2017, she worked in two films : Bank Chor and Dangal, the latter being the highest grossing Indian film of all time. In 2017, popular designers Manoshi Nath and Rushi Sharma were scheduled to design dresses for Dangal, the highest grossing Indian film of all time. But co-producer Aamir Khan replaced them with her, giving the reason that they charged too much money for the film's budget. The film earned her second Filmfare Nomination.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 279,
"passage": "danny boyle",
"start": 183,
"text": "Shallow Grave, Trainspotting and its sequel T2 Trainspotting, The Beach, 28 Days Later, Sunshine"
},
{
"end": 337,
"passage": "... |
Ogasawara Naganari | [
{
"indices": [
6,
12
],
"target": "Ensign (rank)"
},
{
"indices": [
52,
75
],
"target": "First Sino-Japanese War"
},
{
"indices": [
83,
90
],
"target": "Cruiser"
},
{
"indices": [
91,
100
],
"target": "Japane... | p_1850 | As an ensign, Ogasawara served in combat during the First Sino-Japanese War on the cruiser Takachiho at the Battle of the Yalu River. He was subsequently served on the Amagi before transferred to the Navy General Staff Records Department, and assigned to compile an official record of naval operations during the war (which was published in 1903). Ogasawara continued to serve on the General Staff as a naval intelligence officer through the Russo-Japanese War and World War I, rising to the rank of vice admiral by 1918, aside from a one-year tour of sea duty as executive officer of the Chiyoda in 1903, and as captain of the cruiser Tokiwa and battleship Katori in 1912. He was an expert on codes and ciphers, but by the time he had reached flag rank, he was best known as public relations expert for the navy, with his colorful writings on naval history earning him the nickname of the "literary admiral".
| [
{
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"answer_spans": null,
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"answer_value": "54",
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
14,
75
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Ogasawara served in combat during the First Sino-Japanes... |
Hermann Zapf | [
{
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17,
26
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"target": "Nuremberg"
},
{
"indices": [
64,
94
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"target": "German Revolution of 1918–1919"
},
{
"indices": [
109,
115
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"target": "Berlin"
},
{
"indices": [
128,
139
],
"target": "... | p_1851 | Zapf was born in Nuremberg during turbulent times marked by the German Revolution of 1918–1919 in Munich and Berlin, the end of World War I, the exile of Kaiser Wilhelm, and the establishment of Bavaria as a free state by Kurt Eisner. In addition, the Spanish flu pandemic took hold in Europe in 1918 and 1919. Two of Zapf's siblings died of the disease. Famine later struck Germany, and Zapf's mother was grateful to send him to school in 1925, where he received daily meals in a program organized by Herbert Hoover. In school, Zapf was mainly interested in technical subjects. One of his favorite books was the annual science journal Das neue Universum ("The New Universe"). He and his older brother experimented with electricity, building a crystal radio and an alarm system for his house. Even at this early age, Zapf was already getting involved with type, inventing cipher alphabets to exchange secret messages with his brother.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
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"text": "United States"
}
],
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"context": [
{
"indices":... |
Jimmie Wilson (baseball) | [
{
"indices": [
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"target": "Scotland"
},
{
"indices": [
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],
"target": "Philadelphia"
},
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"indices": [
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113
],
"target": "Kensington, Philadelphia"
},
{
"indices": [
279,
307
],
"target": "P... | p_1852 | Wilson, the son of Scottish immigrants, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where he grew up in the Kensington neighborhood of the city. He left school when he was 14 to work in a local textile mill. In 1919, he left the mills when he began playing as an outside forward with Philadelphia Merchant Ship B in the National Association Football League. During his time with the team, he met Dick Spalding, another two sport athlete, whom he later hired as his first base coach when Wilson managed the Phillies and Cubs. After Merchant Ship folded following the 1919-1920 season, Wilson moved to Bethlehem Steel F.C., signing with the team in July 1920. During his time in Bethlehem, he also played catcher for the steel company's baseball team which competed in the Steel League. In 1921, Wilson signed with Harrison S.C. in the newly established American Soccer League. He played thirteen league and three National Challenge Cup games, scoring four goals. During the 1922-1923 season, he played four games for Philadelphia Field Club before leaving the sport to concentrate on his baseball career.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 222,
"passage": "national association football league",
"start": 218,
"text": "1895"
}
],
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... |
Kootenay International Junior Hockey League | [
{
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"target": "Creston Valley Thunder Cats"
},
{
"indices": [
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317
],
"target": "Enderby, British Columbia"
},
{
"indices": [
446,
456
],
"target": "Summerland, British Columbia"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_1853 | The 2000–01 season saw the folding of the Summerland Warriors and the creation of the Creston Valley Thunder Cats. In 2001–02, the league was split from two to three divisions, the Neil Murdoch, Eddie Mountain, and Okanagan/Shushwap. Along with the division re-alignment, the North Okanagan Kings relocated to Enderby, becoming the Enderby Ice Kings. The Osoyoos Heat took on the name the Osoyoos Storm, and an expansion franchise was granted to Summerland, which took the name Summerland Sting. 2001–02 also saw the presence of the KIJHL's most accomplished alumnus, Shea Weber, who played for the league champions Sicamous Eagles for this single season. In 2002–03, the Princeton Posse joined the league, becoming the furthest west team in the KIJHL, and the Enderby Ice Kings folded after one season. In 2004–05, the Fernie Ghostriders joined the league from the North American Hockey League, and the following year the Golden Rockets were renamed the Golden Xtreme. They were renamed again the following year, this time becoming the Golden Jets. Also, 2006–07 saw the demise of the Osoyoos Storm, who moved to Kamloops Storm, while retaining the Storm name. In 2007–08, the league was divided into two conferences, which were furthermore split into two divisions each, dropping the Okanagan Shushwap, while creating the Eddie Mountain Conference, East and West Divisions, and likewise with the Neil Murdoch Conference. The Golden Xtreme was again renamed, this time reverting to the Rockets name. Furthermore, the Chase Chiefs joined the league in 2007–08, while the Fernie Ghostriders would capture the league title. There were no team changes in 2008–09, and the Nelson Leafs would capture the league title. In 2009–10, however, the Summerland Sting were forced to relocate to nearby Penticton, taking the name Penticton Lakers. Furthermore, an expansion team was granted to Armstrong, and the North Okanagan Knights were founded.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 148,
"passage": "creston valley thunder cats",
"start": 115,
"text": "Creston, British Columbia, Canada"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
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"conte... |
Bombing of Banski dvori | [
{
"indices": [
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40
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"target": "1990 Croatian parliamentary election"
},
{
"indices": [
54,
61
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"target": "Croatia"
},
{
"indices": [
68,
81
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"target": "Franjo Tuđman"
},
{
"indices": [
145,
159
],
"t... | p_1854 | In 1991, the first multi-party elections were held in Croatia, with Franjo Tuđman's win raising nationalist tensions further in an already tense SFR Yugoslavia. The Serb politicians left the Sabor and declared the autonomy of areas that would soon become part of the unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina, which had the intention on achieving independence from Croatia. As tensions rose, Croatia declared independence in June 1991. However, the declaration was suspended for three months, until 8 October 1991. The suspension came about as the European Economic Community and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe urged Croatia that it would not be recognized as an independent state because of the possibility of a civil war in Yugoslavia. The tensions escalated into the Croatian War of Independence when the Yugoslav People's Army and various Serb paramilitaries mobilized inside Croatia. On 3 October, the Yugoslav Navy renewed its blockade of the main ports of Croatia. This move followed months of standoff and the capture of Yugoslav military installations in Dalmatia and elsewhere. These events are now known as the Battle of the barracks. That resulted in the capture of significant quantities of weapons, ammunition and other equipment by the Croatian Army, including 150 armoured personnel carriers, 220 tanks and 400 artillery pieces of caliber or larger, 39 barracks and 26 other facilities including two signals centres and a missile base. It also coincided with the end of Operation Coast-91, in which the Yugoslav forces failed to occupy the coastline in an attempt to cut off Dalmatia's access to the rest of Croatia.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_unit": "years",
"answer_value": "5",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
759,
909
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The tensions escalated into the Croatian War of Indepe... |
Philippe de Mézières | [
{
"indices": [
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40
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"target": "French nobility"
},
{
"indices": [
68,
84
],
"target": "Luchino Visconti (died 1349)"
},
{
"indices": [
88,
96
],
"target": "Lombardy"
},
{
"indices": [
156,
174
],
"target... | p_1855 | Philippe belonged to the poorer nobility. At first, he served under Luchino Visconti in Lombardy but within a year he entered the service of the husband of Joanna I of Naples, Andrew, Duke of Calabria, who was the son of the King Charles I of Hungary. Andrew was assassinated very soon in September 1345. In the autumn of that year, Philippe set out for the East in the French army. After the Battle of Smyrna in 1346 he was made a knight, and when the French army was disbanded, he made his way to Jerusalem. He realized the advantage which the discipline of the Saracens gave them over the disorderly armies of the West, and conceived the idea of a new order of knighthood, but his efforts proved fruitless. The first sketch of the order was drawn up by him in his Nova religio passionis (1367–1368; revised and enlarged in 1386 and 1396). From Jerusalem he found his way in 1347 to Cyprus to the court of Hugh IV, where he found a kindred enthusiast in the king's son, Peter of Lusignan, then count of Tripoli; but he soon left Cyprus, and had resumed his career as a soldier of fortune when the accession of Peter to the throne of Cyprus (Nov. 1358) and his recognition as king of Jerusalem induced Philippe to return to the island, probably in 1360, when he became chancellor.
| [
{
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
42,
251
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "At first, he served under Luchino Visconti in Lombardy but... |
Nick Davies | [
{
"indices": [
16,
19
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},
{
"indices": [
32,
49
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"target": "University of Oxford"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
143
],
"target": "Reach plc"
},
{
"indices": [
147,
155
... | p_1856 | Davies gained a PPE degree from Oxford University in 1974, and started his journalism career in 1976, working as a trainee for the Mirror Group in Plymouth. He then moved to London initially to work for the Sunday People and spent a year working for The Evening Standard before becoming a news reporter at The Guardian in July 1979. Since then he has worked as home affairs correspondent at The Observer; chief feature writer at London Daily News in 1986 and on-screen reporter for World in Action and Channel 4's Dispatches. After the London Daily News folded he moved to the United States for a year, where he wrote White Lies, about the wrongful conviction of a black janitor, Clarence Brandley, for the murder of a white girl. From 1989 Davies was a freelance reporter for The Guardian, for which contributed articles, working from his home in Sussex. He was the winner of the first Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism in 1999. In September 2016 he retired, announcing that he would travel in search of interesting experiences. His website states he was last seen somewhere between a yoga shala in Indonesia and a cattle ranch in northern Argentina.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
57
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Davies gained a PPE degree from Oxford University in 19... |
Mike Burns (soccer) | [
{
"indices": [
80,
110
],
"target": "1996 MLS Inaugural Allocations"
},
{
"indices": [
142,
164
],
"target": "New England Revolution"
},
{
"indices": [
210,
216
],
"target": "Denmark"
},
{
"indices": [
222,
231
]... | p_1857 | In 1995, the MLS began an expansion plan to add new teams to the league. In the 1996 MLS Inaugural Allocations, the MLS assigned Burns to the New England Revolution. In August 1995, the MLS loaned out Burns to Danish club Viborg FF. The Revolution retained his rights and Burns returned to play for the Revolution in 1996. In 1998, Burns earned a place in the MLS All-Star game. In the 1999 off-season, he made several attempts to move back to a European club, trying out with clubs such as Utrecht, Bolton and Hearts. None of the clubs expressed interest in him and Burns returned to the Revolution. In June 2000, the Revolution traded Burns, Dan Calichman and a first round draft pick to the San Jose Earthquakes in exchange for Mauricio Wright. Burns finished the 2000 season with the Earthquakes. However, he did not remain with the team and he was traded in March 2001 to the Kansas City Wizards in return for conditional picks in the 2002 MLS SuperDraft. Burns played two seasons with the Wizards, 2001 and 2002. In 2002, he was chosen to play in the 2002 MLS All-Star Game. At the end of the 2002 season, Burns announced his retirement from professional football.
| [
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"answer_value": "yes",
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
324,
378
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "n 1998, Burns earned a place in the MLS All-Star game.... |
Pat Finucane | [
{
"indices": [
60,
79
],
"target": "Falls Road, Belfast"
},
{
"indices": [
229,
252
],
"target": "Trinity College Dublin"
},
{
"indices": [
291,
324
],
"target": "Provisional Irish Republican Army"
},
{
"indices": [
469,
... | p_1858 | Finucane was born into a prominent republican family on the Falls Road, Belfast. He was the eldest child, with six brothers and one sister. At the start of the Troubles, his family was forced out of their home. He graduated from Trinity College, Dublin in 1973. One of his brothers, John, a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) member, was killed in a car crash in the Falls Road in 1972. Another brother, Dermot, successfully contested attempts to extradite him to Northern Ireland from the Republic of Ireland for his part in the killing of a prison officer; he was one of 38 IRA prisoners who escaped from the Maze in 1983. A third brother Seamus was the fiancé of Mairead Farrell, one of the IRA trio shot dead by the Special Air Service (SAS) in Gibraltar in March 1988. Seamus was the leader of an IRA unit in west Belfast before his arrest in 1976 with Bobby Sands and seven other IRA men, during an attempt to destroy Balmoral's furniture store in south Belfast. He was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment. Finucane's wife, Geraldine, whom he met at Trinity College, is the daughter of middle-class Protestants; together they had three children. His son John is a Sinn Féin politician who was elected as Lord Mayor of Belfast in May 2019.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"indices": [
0,
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],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Finucane was born into a prominent republican family on t... |
Battle of Ia Drang | [
{
"indices": [
62,
80
],
"target": "United States Army"
},
{
"indices": [
89,
113
],
"target": "People's Army of Vietnam"
},
{
"indices": [
195,
210
],
"target": "Pleiku Campaign"
},
{
"indices": [
234,
245
],
... | p_1859 | The Battle of Ia Drang was the first major battle between the United States Army and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), also referred to as the North Vietnamese Army (NVA), and was part of the Pleiku Campaign conducted early in the Vietnam War. It comprised two main engagements, centered on two previously scouted helicopter landing zones (LZs), known as LZ X-Ray and LZ Albany. The first involved the 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment and supporting units under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Hal Moore, and took place November 14–16, 1965 at LZ X-Ray, located at the eastern foot of the Chu Pong Massif in the central highlands of Vietnam. The second engagement involved the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment plus supporting units under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Robert McDade, and took place on November 17 at LZ Albany, farther north in the Ia Drang Valley. It is notable for being the first large scale helicopter air assault and also the first use of Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strategic bombers in a tactical support role. Surrounded and under heavy fire from a numerically superior force, the American forces at LZ X-ray were able to hold off and drive back the North Vietnamese forces over three days of battle, largely through the support of both air power and heavy artillery bombardment, which the North Vietnamese lacked. LZ X-ray was considered an American tactical victory, as the Americans were able to exact an almost 10:1 kill ratio. At LZ Albany, the American forces were ambushed in close quarters. They were unable to use air and artillery support due to the close engagement of the North Vietnamese, the American forces were badly defeated, suffering an over-50% casualty rate before being extricated from the battle. Both sides, therefore, were able to claim victory in the battle.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 95,
"passage": "pleiku campaign",
"start": 60,
"text": "from 23 October to 26 November 1965"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
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"context": [
... |
Cognitive inhibition | [
{
"indices": [
0,
23
],
"target": "Behavioral neuroscience"
},
{
"indices": [
393,
397
],
"target": "Gamma-Aminobutyric acid"
},
{
"indices": [
574,
589
],
"target": "Cerebral cortex"
},
{
"indices": [
628,
643
]... | p_1860 | Behavioral neuroscience applies the principles of neurobiology, to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior. Cognitive inhibition is caused by several different interacting biological factors. The first is the existence of inhibitory neurotransmitters, or chemicals emitted by brain cells to both communicate and inhibit communication between each other. "GABA, an inhibitory transmitter substance that has been implicated in certain simple behavioral measures of inhibition and the control of aggressive behavior, was discovered in the cerebral cortex in substantial quantities". Given the cerebral cortex's importance in many brain functions such as memory and thought, the presence of the inhibitory substance GABA supports the cognitive inhibition processes that go on in this area of the brain. Serotonin and dopamine, which can play inhibitory roles as well, are present in the brain in large quantities. All three of these neurotransmitters are capable of "blocking" the transmissions between neurons, which can ultimately result in cognitive inhibition. In addition, the presence of inhibitory connections in the central nervous system has been firmly demonstrated (Eccles, 1969). A process known as lateral inhibition, which involves the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors, is integral in the biology of cognitive inhibition. It provides much of the neural background behind it and explains what exactly is going on at the cellular level.
| [
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"context": [
{
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837,
1044
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Serotonin and dopamine, which can play inhibitory roles ... |
The Dangerous Liaisons | [
{
"indices": [
29,
34
],
"target": "Opera"
},
{
"indices": [
79,
90
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"target": "Conrad Susa"
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105,
113
],
"target": "Libretto"
},
{
"indices": [
152,
157
],
"target": "Novel"
},
{
"... | p_1861 | The Dangerous Liaisons is an opera in two acts and eight scenes, with music by Conrad Susa to an English libretto by Philip Littell. It is based on the novel Les Liaisons dangereuses by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos. The opera has set numbers with recitative and spoken dialog. It is set in France in the 18th century. The opera received its first performance by the San Francisco Opera on 10 September 1994, with stage direction by Colin Graham and Donald Runnicles as the conductor. The world-premiere cast included Thomas Hampson as Valmont, Frederica von Stade as Merteuil, David Hobson as Chevalier de Danceny, Renée Fleming as Tourvel and Mary Mills as Cécile de Volanges. The opera was performed at Washington Opera in March 1998. It was also aired on the American PBS television network's Great Performances, a video recording of which was also made. Albany Records released an audio recording of a performance by Manhattan School of Music Opera Theater in 2016.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years old",
"answer_value": "59",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
316,
404
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The opera received its first performance by the S... |
Maya Jasanoff | [
{
"indices": [
84,
97
],
"target": "Penguin Group"
},
{
"indices": [
115,
130
],
"target": "HarperCollins"
},
{
"indices": [
173,
186
],
"target": "Joseph Conrad"
},
{
"indices": [
188,
197
],
"target": "The ... | p_1862 | Jasanoff's 2017 book, The Dawn Watch: Joseph Conrad in a Global World, published by Penguin Press and in the UK by William Collins centers on the life and times of novelist Joseph Conrad. The Times lauded the book as the "Conrad for our time," and The Spectator called her an "enviably gifted writer...her historian's eye can untie knots that might baffle the pure critic," noting that she "steers us securely and stylishly through those latitudes where Conrad witnessed the future scupper the past." In the judgment of the Financial Times: "This is an unobtrusively skilful, subtle, clear-eyed book, beautifully narrated," while the Literary Review observes: "Written with a novelist's flair for vivid detail and a scholar's attention to texts, The Dawn Watch is by any standard a major contribution to our understanding of Conrad and his time." Reviewing the book in The Guardian, Patrick French began: "The Dawn Watch will win prizes, and if it doesn't, there is something wrong with the prizes." In The Hindu, Sudipta Datta wrote that Jasanoff's approach to Conrad makes for a "remarkable retelling of Joseph Conrad's life and work and its resonance with the present dysfunctional world." In The Guardian, William Dalrymple named the book to his list of best holiday reads of 2017. According to the Wall Street Journal's reviewer, "'The Dawn Watch' is the most vivid and suggestive biography of Conrad ever written." In The New York Times, Ngugi wa Thiong'O applauded the book as "masterful." Thiong'O wrote that Jasanoff succeeded where "An Image of Africa: Racism in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness," Chinua Achebe's classic Conrad essay, had failed, specifically in bringing into clear relief "Conrad's ability to capture the hypocrisy of the 'civilizing mission' and the material interests that drove capitalist empires, crushing the human spirit." "'The Dawn Watch,' Thiong'O wrote, "will become a creative companion to all students of his work. It has made me want to re-establish connections with the Conrad whose written sentences once inspired in me the same joy as a musical phrase."
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
97
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Jasanoff's 2017 book, The Dawn Watch: Joseph Conrad in a Glo... |
Irwindale station | [
{
"indices": [
61,
104
],
"target": "Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad"
},
{
"indices": [
329,
343
],
"target": "Crank House"
},
{
"indices": [
385,
403
],
"target": "San Gabriel Valley"
},
{
"indices": [
418,
... | p_1863 | The original train track through Irwindale were built by the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad. The Gold line uses the old right of way of the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad who built the first train tracks through Irwindale in 1887. The Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad was founded in 1883, by James F. Crank with the goal of bringing a rail line to San Gabriel Valley from downtown Los Angeles. Los Angeles and San Gabriel Valley Railroad was sold on May 20, 1887 into the California Central Railway. In 1889 the rail line was consolidated into Southern California Railway Company. On Jan. 17, 1906 Southern California Railway was sold to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and called the Pasadena Subdivision. Amtrak-Santa Fe ran the Southwest Chief and Desert Wind over this line through Irwindale, but relocated the Desert Wind to the Fullerton Line in 1986. The Santa Fe line served the San Gabriel Valley until 1994, when the 1994 Northridge earthquake weakened the bridge in Arcadia and the track was closed till the Gold line was built. The rail line crosses the San Gabriel River on a long girder bridge, then passes through the Santa Fe Dam Recreation Area (how it received its name). The rail line intersected the north end of the former SP Azusa Industrial Track at Irwindale (MP 118.2). Irwindale had a 6,165 foot rail siding that passed the Miller Brewing Company's Irwindale brewery. From there the tracks continued and crossed beneath Irwindale Avenue.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 186,
"passage": "los angeles and san gabriel valley railroad",
"start": 172,
"text": "James F. Crank"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context"... |
Home Rule Crisis | [
{
"indices": [
64,
107
],
"target": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"
},
{
"indices": [
146,
166
],
"target": "Government of Ireland Act 1914"
},
{
"indices": [
174,
212
],
"target": "House of Commons of the United Kingdom"
... | p_1864 | The Home Rule Crisis was a political and military crisis in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that followed the introduction of the Third Home Rule Bill in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in 1912. Ulster unionists, determined to prevent any measure of home rule for Ireland, formed a paramilitary force, the Ulster Volunteers, which threatened to resist by physical force the implementation of the Act and the authority of any Dublin Parliament by force of arms. Irish nationalists responded by setting up the Irish Volunteers "to secure the rights and liberties common to all the people of Ireland". Both sides then began importing weapons and ammunition from Germany, in the Larne gun-running and Howth gun-running incidents. HM Government's ability to face down unionist defiance was thrown into question by the "Curragh incident", when dozens of British Army officers tendered their resignation rather than secure arms against Ulster loyalist seizure, forcing a climb-down by the government. The crisis was temporarily averted by the outbreak of World War I. The Home Rule Bill was enacted, but its implementation was suspended for the duration of the war.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 2986,
"passage": "ulster volunteers",
"start": 2973,
"text": "Edward Carson"
},
{
"end": 3042,
"passage": "ulster volunteers",
"start": 3031,
"text": "James Crai... |
History of Oklahoma City | [
{
"indices": [
160,
165
],
"target": "Mayor"
},
{
"indices": [
263,
294
],
"target": "Metropolitan Area Projects Plan"
},
{
"indices": [
343,
352
],
"target": "Sales tax"
},
{
"indices": [
379,
384
],
"target... | p_1865 | By 1992, the city was in such dire need of improvement that it was losing jobs, population, and even air carriers to more attractive cities. With this in mind, Mayor Ron Norick pushed through a massive plan for capital improvements throughout downtown called the Metropolitan Area Projects Plan, or MAPS. MAPS called for a five-year, one-cent sales tax to fund a new ballpark, a canal through Bricktown, a new central library, a large indoor arena, renovations to the fairgrounds and the civic center, and a series of low water dams on the North Canadian River to make it attractive and accessible to small boats. Though still stinging from the failure of "urban renewal", the people of Oklahoma City passed the measure, eventually raising over 1 billion dollars for improvements to the city and bringing life back to the central city.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
305,
479
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "MAPS called for a five-year, one-cent sales tax to fund a... |
Dome | [
{
"indices": [
3,
15
],
"target": "History of the world"
},
{
"indices": [
147,
153
],
"target": "Wigwam"
},
{
"indices": [
166,
182
],
"target": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas"
},
{
"indices": [
247,
257
],... | p_1866 | In modern times, the creation of relatively simple dome-like structures has been documented among various indigenous peoples around the world. The wigwam was made by Native Americans using arched branches or poles covered with grass or hides. The Efé people of central Africa construct similar structures, using leaves as shingles. Another example is the igloo, a shelter built from blocks of compact snow and used by the Inuit people, among others. The Himba people of Namibia construct "desert igloos" of wattle and daub for use as temporary shelters at seasonal cattle camps, and as permanent homes by the poor. Extraordinarily thin domes of sun-baked clay 20 feet in diameter, 30 feet high, and nearly parabolic in curve, are known from Cameroon.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 146,
"passage": "efé people",
"start": 118,
"text": "Democratic Republic of Congo"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Andrew Northcote | [
{
"indices": [
101,
106
],
"target": "Italy national cricket team"
},
{
"indices": [
184,
193
],
"target": "Hong Kong national cricket team"
},
{
"indices": [
201,
241
],
"target": "2007 ICC World Cricket League Division Three"
},
{... | p_1867 | After playing club cricket in England and Ireland from 2004 to 2006. Northcote qualified to play for Italy though his Italian mother, with Northcote making his debut for Italy against Hong Kong in the 2007 World Cricket League Division Three which was held in Northern Territory, Australia. He played six matches during the tournament, scoring 91 runs at an average of 18.20, with a high score of 47. With the ball, he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.00, with best figures of 3/26. He played for Italy in the 2008 European Cricket Championship Division One, but has relinquished the captaincy back to Scuderi. He made five appearances during the tournament. He was then selected as part of Italy's squad for the 2008 World Cricket League Division Four in Tanzania, making six appearances. He scored 234 runs during the tournament, at an average of 58.50, with a high score of 102 not out. This score was his only century of the tournament and came against Fiji. With the ball, he took 2 wickets at a bowling average of 35.00, with best figures of 2/19.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
134,
290
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "with Northcote making his debut for Italy against Hong Ko... |
Professional ice hockey | [
{
"indices": [
54,
84
],
"target": "Professional football (gridiron)"
},
{
"indices": [
90,
132
],
"target": "Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA-OH-WV Combined Statistical Area"
},
{
"indices": [
207,
241
],
"target": "Western Pennsylvan... | p_1868 | Much as was the case of the concurrent development of professional gridiron football, the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania metropolitan area was one of the first areas to promote a professional ice hockey team. The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League began hiring professional players in 1902 and acted as a pro–am league. This league joined with teams in Michigan and Ontario to form the International Professional Hockey League in 1904, with Houghton, Michigan dentist Jack Gibson its founder. While this league had folded by 1907, it was the start of professional hockey. The United States would continue to see professional hockey with teams from the PCHL, beginning with the Portland Rosebuds, followed by a Seattle-based franchise a year later. When the Boston Bruins joined the NHL in 1924, the United States was finally represented in the league. It would continue to grow in the NHL until a peak in the 2000s (decade), when 24 of the NHL's 30 teams were in the United States (the loss of the Atlanta Thrashers to Winnipeg in 2011 reduced this number to 23; it returned to 24 American teams when the Vegas Golden Knights joined in 2017). The NHL will reach a higher peak when the Seattle expansion franchise joins the league in 2021-22 as the 25th American team. There are several other pro leagues in the US as well; as of 2019 these include the AHL, ECHL, SPHL, and FPHL. The AHL and ECHL are official minor leagues to the NHL, with the ECHL subservient to the AHL; the FPHL and SPHL operate as low-level independents.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 46,
"passage": "jack gibson (ice hockey, born 1880)",
"start": 42,
"text": "1880"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Hanno Drechsler | [
{
"indices": [
34,
40
],
"target": "Saxony"
},
{
"indices": [
251,
254
],
"target": "Socialist Unity Party of Germany"
},
{
"indices": [
350,
362
],
"target": "East Germany"
},
{
"indices": [
396,
408
],
"tar... | p_1869 | Hanno Drechsler went to school in Saxony, where after High School he studied to become a teacher and was certified for doing so on all levels, becoming very early the Principal of the Oberschule in Falkenstein. Because of political conflicts with the SED regime (such as the toleration of students who were members of a church), he and his wife fled East Germany in 1955, and settled in Marburg, West Germany. Here, Drechsler studied again, at the University of Marburg (1955–1961), mostly Political Science, History, and the German language, and became a student and then assistant of the political scientist Wolfgang Abendroth who was the main representative of political science of the "Frankfurt School". In 1962, he received his PhD with a thesis on the Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands (SAP), and became an expert on the small parties "between" social democrats and communists during the Weimar Republic.
| [] |
Eric Hill (cricketer) | [
{
"indices": [
27,
42
],
"target": "Lofoten"
},
{
"indices": [
135,
139
],
"target": "Bodø"
},
{
"indices": [
238,
250
],
"target": "RAF Leuchars"
},
{
"indices": [
350,
362
],
"target": "RAF Sumburgh"
},
... | p_1870 | They flew a mission to the Lofoten Islands on 9 July 1944, searching the coastal shipping lanes and photographing the mainland town of Bodø. Bad weather in northern Scotland on their return prevented a landing, and they finally landed at RAF Leuchars with just 10 gallons left in the fuel tanks. On 12 July, they again flew, via a refuelling stop at RAF Sumburgh in the Shetland Islands, to the Lofoten Islands, and then on to Altenfjord, to search for German surface vessels, flying 750 miles to the Norwegian coast above thick cloud. The top cover of their aeroplane blew off as they descended towards the fjord to make their photography run, subjecting the crew to freezing temperatures for the remainder of the flight. They made a photographic run over the targets they found, including the Tirpitz. They lost their codebooks through the open hatch, so were unable to obtain radio assistance on the way back. They flew 2,300 miles in a mission that lasted nearly 8 hours, landing at RAF Wick, but were immediately refuelled and sent on to Leuchars for the photographs to be developed. The intelligence brought by these missions were of crucial importance: Flight Lieutenant (later Air Vice Marshal) Dodd was awarded an immediate Distinguished Service Order and Flight Sergeant Hill an immediate Distinguished Flying Medal. The citations were gazetted on 8 September and read:
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
723,
803
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "They made a photographic run over the targets they found,... |
Craig Hodges | [
{
"indices": [
65,
77
],
"target": "Professional"
},
{
"indices": [
78,
88
],
"target": "Basketball"
},
{
"indices": [
125,
143
],
"target": "Westchester Knicks"
},
{
"indices": [
151,
173
],
"target": "NBA G... | p_1871 | Craig Anthony Hodges (born June 27, 1960) is an American retired professional basketball player and former head coach of the Westchester Knicks of the NBA Development League. He played in the NBA for 10 seasons and led the league in 3-point shooting percentage three times. He won two NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls, and along with Larry Bird, is one of only two players to win three consecutive Three Point Contests at the National Basketball Association All-Star Weekend, winning the competition in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Hodges also holds the Three Point Contest records for the most consecutive shots made with 19, set in 1991, and the most points scored in a single round at 25 , set in 1986. He was later a head coach at Chicago State University, an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Lakers and head coach of the Halifax Rainmen of the National Basketball League of Canada.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 325,
"passage": "westchester knicks",
"start": 317,
"text": "New York"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": ... |
Babbal Rai | [
{
"indices": [
44,
51
],
"target": "Punjabis"
},
{
"indices": [
140,
147
],
"target": "Samrala"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
171
],
"target": "Ludhiana"
},
{
"indices": [
184,
197
],
"target": "Punjab, India"
},
... | p_1872 | Babbal Rai (born 3 March 1985) is an Indian Punjabi singer, songwriter and film actor. His real birth name is Simranjeet Singh Rai. Born in Samrala, a city in the Ludhiana district of Punjab, India, He belongs to a Rai Sikh Family and he graduated from DAV College, has always enjoyed a passion towards cricket.He was trained by Yograj Singh (father of Yuvraj Singh) and aspired to be a cricketer, later he moved to Melbourne where he uploaded a video called "Australian Challa" which made him a YouTube sensation. Later the adopted version of the song was released in the Bollywood movie Crook. He rose to fame from the song Nikki Jehi Jind. He also starred in the film Mr & Mrs 420, along with Jassi Gill and Binnu Dhillon
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 604,
"passage": "punjab, india",
"start": 597,
"text": "Punjab "
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
List of international goals scored by Gareth Bale | [
{
"indices": [
82,
89
],
"target": "Andorra national football team"
},
{
"indices": [
131,
145
],
"target": "UEFA Euro 2016"
},
{
"indices": [
238,
257
],
"target": "1958 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"indices": [
475,
481
... | p_1873 | On 13 October 2015, Bale scored his 19th international goal in a 2–0 victory over Andorra during Wales' final qualifying match for UEFA Euro 2016, helping secure the nation's first appearance at a major international tournament since the 1958 FIFA World Cup. The goal was his seventh and final tally during the qualifying campaign; he finished the group stage as Wales' top goalscorer. Bale scored in all three group matches at the tournament, with Wales defeating Slovakia, Russia, and England, to reach the semi-finals. His goal in the opening game against Slovakia was the first goal at a major international tournament by a Welsh player since Terry Medwin's goal against Hungary in 1958. He became the Welsh national team's all-time top goalscorer on 22 March 2018 after scoring a hat-trick in a friendly against China at the China Cup. Bale entered the match on 26 goals, two short of fellow countryman Ian Rush's record tally, having not scored an international goal in 18 months since November 2016. He scored twice in the first half of the game to equal Rush's record, before surpassing it with his third goal in the second half. He also became the first Welsh player to score a hat-trick at international level since Robert Earnshaw in 2004.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
258
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "On 13 October 2015, Bale scored his 19th international goal... |
New York City ethnic enclaves | [
{
"indices": [
10,
28
],
"target": "Overseas Chinese"
},
{
"indices": [
37,
52
],
"target": "Lower Manhattan"
},
{
"indices": [
139,
150
],
"target": "Five Points, Manhattan"
},
{
"indices": [
224,
245
],
"ta... | p_1874 | The first Chinese immigrants came to lower Manhattan around 1870, looking for the "gold" America had to offer. By 1880, the enclave around Five Points was estimated to have from 200 to as many as 1,100 members. However, the Chinese Exclusion Act, which went into effect in 1882, caused an abrupt decline in the number of Chinese who immigrated to New York and the rest of the United States. Later, in 1943, the Chinese were given a small quota, and the community's population gradually increased until 1968, when the quota was lifted and the Chinese American population skyrocketed. Today, the Manhattan Chinatown () is home to the largest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere and is one of the oldest ethnic Chinese enclaves outside of Asia. Within Manhattan's expanding Chinatown lies a "Little Fuzhou" on East Broadway and surrounding streets, occupied predominantly by immigrants from the Fujian Province of Mainland China. Areas surrounding the "Little Fuzhou" consist mostly of Cantonese immigrants from Guangdong Province, the earlier Chinese settlers, and in some areas moderately of Cantonese immigrants. In the past few years, however, the Cantonese dialect that has dominated Chinatown for decades is being rapidly swept aside by Mandarin, the national language of China and the lingua franca of most of the latest Chinese immigrants. The energy and population of Manhattan's Chinatown are fueled by relentless, massive immigration from Mainland China, both legal and illegal in origin, propagated in large part by New York's high density, extensive mass transit system, and huge economic marketplace.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
211,
277
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "However, the Chinese Exclusion Act, which went into effec... |
Canadian French | [
{
"indices": [
155,
170
],
"target": "Second language"
},
{
"indices": [
179,
186
],
"target": "Government of Canada"
},
{
"indices": [
227,
234
],
"target": "Canadian English"
},
{
"indices": [
243,
253
],
"... | p_1875 | In 2011, the total number of native French speakers in Canada was around 7.3 million (22% of the entire population), while another 2 million spoke it as a second language. At the federal level, it has official status alongside English. At the provincial level, French is the sole official language of Quebec as well as one of two official languages of New Brunswick, and jointly official (derived from its federal legal status) in Nunavut, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. Government services are offered in French at select localities in Manitoba and Ontario (through the French Language Services Act) and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere in the country, depending largely on the proximity to Quebec and/or French Canadian influence on any given region.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 365,
"passage": "Canadian French",
"start": 351,
"text": " New Brunswick"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices... |
Robert Whyte | [
{
"indices": [
138,
145
],
"target": "Tim Low"
},
{
"indices": [
191,
216
],
"target": "Weekend Sunrise"
},
{
"indices": [
273,
288
],
"target": "Huntsman spider"
},
{
"indices": [
301,
319
],
"target": "News... | p_1876 | Media around the publication of A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia by CSIRO Publishing (with co-author Greg Anderson and a Foreword by Tim Low) included interviews on national television. Channel 7 Weekend Sunrise featured a newsreader with arachnophobia experiencing a Huntsman Spider on her arm. ABC News Breakfast on Monday 12 June discussed Australian spiders generally, with Whyte pointing out that only the Funnelweb and Mouse Spiders had potentially deadly venom, that no-one In Australia had died from spider bite since 1979 and the stories of dangerous White-tailed Spiders and Daddy Long-legs were bogus. Brisbane ABC radio featured an hour long segment with an ABC staffer being successfully desensitised to spider fear by handling a Golden Orb-weaver in the studio. The News Network news.com.au report on Five reasons why you shouldn't be afraid of spiders, based on the content of the book. On 17 November 2017 Robert Whyte and Eddie Ayers co-hosted a session at Brisbane bookshop Avid Reader featuring A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia by Robert Whyte and Danger Music by Eddie Ayres, both of which appeared in Australia’s Summer Reading Guide’s highly recommended list. On 4 May 2018 Robert Whyte appeared on Gardening Australia as a “My Garden Path” presenter, explaining the link between spider diversity and healthy gardens.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 585,
"passage": "Robert Whyte",
"start": 565,
"text": "White-tailed Spiders"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indi... |
Chris Brandon | [
{
"indices": [
40,
52
],
"target": "Football League Second Division"
},
{
"indices": [
99,
118
],
"target": "Queens Park Rangers F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
143,
150
],
"target": "2002–03 in English football"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_1877 | Brandon signed a two-year contract with Division Two side Chesterfield, and made his debut against Queens Park Rangers on the first day of the 2002–03 season. Chesterfield lost the game at Loftus Road 3–1. Brandon's first goal for Chesterfield came a week later when he scored a 12-yard overhead kick to give them a late 2–1 victory over Port Vale. He scored again just ten days later as Chesterfield defeated Northampton Town 4–0. His third goal was another volley during a 1–0 victory over Stockport County. However, he was substituted at half-time, and he did not play for another two weeks because of suspension, until he scored again in a League Cup game against West Ham United live on television, which Chesterfield lost on penalties. He scored in both the first and second rounds of the Football League Trophy, but Chesterfield were defeated on penalties by Port Vale in the second round. He finished the season with ten goals but also 11 yellow cards. However, he played only one game during the final month, with his last game coming on 21 April 2003, when Chesterfield finished with just nine players because of serious injuries to Brandon and striker Caleb Folan. Chesterfield picked up four points in their final two games without Brandon, and avoided relegation by just one position, finishing two points above Cheltenham Town. Brandon's ten goals meant he finished as Chesterfield's top goalscorer and also helped Brandon win three awards at the club's end of season awards, as well as reported interest from nearby Nottingham Forest, who had missed out on promotion to the Premier League.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 8562,
"passage": "queens park rangers f.c.",
"start": 8550,
"text": "John Gregory"
}
],
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Nordre Aker | [
{
"indices": [
41,
56
],
"target": "Ullevaal Stadion"
},
{
"indices": [
77,
106
],
"target": "Norway national football team"
},
{
"indices": [
140,
157
],
"target": "Vålerenga Fotball"
},
{
"indices": [
163,
169
... | p_1878 | Nordre Aker is best known as the site of Ullevål Stadion, the stadium of the Norway national football team. Tenants on club level have been Vålerenga Fotball, and FK Lyn before the latter club faced a series of relegations. Vålerenga originally has no connection to Nordre Aker, whereas Lyn origins from the north of the borough, around Kringsjå. Ullevål is traditionally the area of Ullevål IL, and though this club has dropped association football from its programme, it operates the bandy field Bergbanen adjacent to Ullevål Stadion. Other bandy clubs in the borough are Tåsen IL and Skeid Bandy. Skeid Bandy, a part of the multi-sports-club Skeid, has a headquarters at Nordre Åsen, but the club has a geographic connection to Sagene borough. Lyn is also a multi-sports club, SFK Lyn, which in addition to football is involved in Nordic skiing. Other skiing clubs in the district are IL Koll (which also professes in volleyball), Kjelsås IL (which also professes in football) and Nydalen SK (which also professes in orienteering). Korsvoll IL is best known for football and handball. IK Akerselva is a floorball club competing on the highest national level.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 104,
"passage": "norway national football team",
"start": 94,
"text": "Landslaget"
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
... |
John Frederick Pierson | [
{
"indices": [
54,
66
],
"target": "7th New York Militia"
},
{
"indices": [
74,
97
],
"target": "New York Army National Guard"
},
{
"indices": [
177,
195
],
"target": "American Civil War"
},
{
"indices": [
225,
265
... | p_1879 | In 1857, he enlisted as a private in Company K of the 7th Regiment of the New York National Guard, and was attached to the staff of Brig. Gen. William Hall. At the start of the American Civil War, Pierson helped organize the 1st New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and was appointed captain in May 1861. He was promoted several times and assumed command of the regiment on October 9, 1862, with the rank of colonel. Attached to the 3rd Corps, Army of the Potomac, he led the 1st New York in actions at the Seven Days Battles, Second Manassas and the Battle of Fredericksburg. After the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Colonel Pierson was honorably discharged and mustered out on May 25, 1863. For distinguished service, he was brevetted brigadier general of the United States Volunteers for "gallant and meritorious services."
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 208,
"passage": "iii corps (union army)",
"start": 200,
"text": "Virginia"
},
{
"end": 494,
"passage": "iii corps (union army)",
"start": 490,
"text": "Ohio"
... |
Castleton Square | [
{
"indices": [
0,
31
],
"target": "Edward J. DeBartolo Sr."
},
{
"indices": [
41,
54
],
"target": "Joint venture"
},
{
"indices": [
60,
86
],
"target": "Homart Development Company"
},
{
"indices": [
157,
162
],
... | p_1880 | Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation formed a joint venture with Homart Development Company, a shopping mall development subsidiary of the department store chain Sears, to begin development on Castleton Square in 1971. DeBartolo announced the mall's development in January of that year and began groundbreaking soon afterward. The original plans called for a Y-shaped enclosed mall with three anchor stores: Sears, J. C. Penney, and Rike Kumler Co. (Rike's), a department store chain based out of Dayton, Ohio. The mall would be situated on 82nd Street just outside the Interstate 465 beltway within the Castleton neighborhood on the northeastern side of Indianapolis. It was the second of three malls built by DeBartolo as a part of its expansion into Indianapolis, following Lafayette Square Mall in 1968 and preceding Washington Square Mall in 1974. The company chose to build on the northeastern side of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, as the area was projected for further suburban growth in the intervening years. Similarly, research conducted by Sears showed a trend in residential growth to the city's northeast side, thus creating a market which the chain deemed suitable for a new store. To accommodate for mall traffic, the Indiana Department of Transportation expanded 82nd Street to a four-lane divided highway. Federated Department Stores (now Macy's, Inc.), then-owners of the Rike's chain, confirmed that the third anchor of Castleton Square would instead be Lazarus, a Columbus, Ohio-based chain then also under their ownership. Also confirmed as tenants for the mall by 1972 were a Kroger supermarket, an F. W. Woolworth Company dime store, and a three-screen movie theater. Inline tenants would include Robert Hall Clothes, Hickory Farms, Kinney Shoes, Zales Jewelers, Waldenbooks, and Orange Julius.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 17,
"passage": "sears",
"start": 12,
"text": "Sears"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
0,
... |
Bakić noble family | [
{
"indices": [
0,
11
],
"target": "Pavle Bakić"
},
{
"indices": [
18,
23
],
"target": "Timar"
},
{
"indices": [
74,
80
],
"target": "Venčac"
},
{
"indices": [
84,
92
],
"target": "Šumadija"
},
{
"indi... | p_1881 | Pavle Bakić had a timar, as did his father, and held great estates around Venčac in Šumadija called "Bakić's land". He was highly viewed of by the Ottoman Empire, and had the rights to collect taxes (kharaj) from his people. In talks with Pál Tomori and Louis II of Hungary, he left his land with his family, five brothers (including Petar Bakić), and a great number of Serbs, into Hungary, and in return he received the town of Lak among other estates. With his forces he participated in the Battle of Mohács in 1526. When the succession war between Ferdinand I and John Zápolya started, he took the side of Zápolya. After the defeat of Zápolya in the Battle of Tokaj in 1527, he sided with Ferdinand and would stay faithful to him for the rest of his life. In 1528, Ferdinand confirmed Bakić and his brothers' holdings and appointed him the captain of the Serbian infantry, cavalry and river forces. In the defence of Vienna in 1529, Bakić was an important aspect with his cavalry. In charters of 1534, Ferdinand again confirmed Bakić and his brothers' holdings (Lak, Győr, Szombathely, Hédervár and all estates that were part of these towns). The fortress of Győr was administered by his Hungarian ally Count György Cseszneky. A charter dated September 20, 1537, titles him as Despot and called all Serbs to join Bakić as the Serbian Despot. Attempts made by King Ferdinand to push the Ottomans out of Slavonia, with the use of Pavle, were not successful. Bakić did not manage to liberate Osijek from the Ottomans, he then retreated to Đakovo, where he at Gorjani, in a battle against the Ottomans, died (1537). Mehmed-paša sent his son with the head of Bakić to Istanbul.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "years old",
"answer_value": "42",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
454,
518
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "With his forces he participated in the Battle of ... |
Radek Zelenka | [
{
"indices": [
0,
3
],
"target": "Doctor (title)"
},
{
"indices": [
23,
42
],
"target": "Character (arts)"
},
{
"indices": [
83,
100
],
"target": "Stargate Atlantis"
},
{
"indices": [
115,
125
],
"target": "D... | p_1882 | Dr. Radek Zelenka is a fictional character of a scientist in the television series Stargate Atlantis, portrayed by David Nykl. He is a member of the original expedition from Earth to the Ancient city of Atlantis in the Pegasus galaxy, which he joined after turning down a job at Masaryk University in his home country Czech Republic. His expertise on Ancient technology is only surpassed by Dr. Rodney McKay, with whom he shares a friendly rivalry. Zelenka's planned one-time appearance in the season 1 episode "Thirty-Eight Minutes" was followed by a recurring role for expository scenes with McKay and the leader of the expedition. Zelenka has since appeared in approximately half of each season's episodes and also appeared in the crossover episode "The Pegasus Project" of Stargate SG-1. The series finale of Atlantis, "Enemy at the Gate", marks his last appearance. For his portrayal of Radek Zelenka, David Nykl was nominated for a 2005 Leo Award in the category "Dramatic Series: Best Supporting Performance by a Male".
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 559,
"passage": "stargate atlantis",
"start": 555,
"text": "2004"
},
{
"end": 603,
"passage": "stargate atlantis",
"start": 599,
"text": "2009"
}
]... |
Tony Lormor | [
{
"indices": [
17,
36
],
"target": "Peterborough United F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
122,
136
],
"target": "Football League Third Division"
},
{
"indices": [
142,
154
],
"target": "Chesterfield F.C."
},
{
"indices": [
193,
... | p_1883 | After a spell at Peterborough United, during which he regained fitness playing regularly in the reserves, Lormor moved to Division Three club Chesterfield in December 1994. In partnership with Phil Robinson, Lormor helped Chesterfield to a run of 21 games unbeaten, which would have been 22 had he not missed a penalty. According to the club's website, "the influence of these two on the side cannot be overstated". Robinson and Lormor scored the goals in the 1995 playoff final against Bury that earned the club promotion to Division Two. Injury disrupted his next season, and after a long period playing either out of position in midfield or not playing at all, he asked for a transfer. Lormor did however contribute to Chesterfield's run to the 1996–97 FA Cup semi finals. He scored in the 2nd round against Scarborough but did not play in the tournament later than the 3rd round against Bristol City as his teammates went on to beat the likes of Bolton Wanderers and Nottingham Forest en route to a semi final against Middlesbrough at Old Trafford. In November 1997, Lormor joined Preston North End in part-exchange for David Reeves.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 156,
"passage": "chesterfield f.c.",
"start": 149,
"text": "England"
}
],
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"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Ian Thomson (rugby league) | [
{
"indices": [
67,
71
],
"target": "Gary Thomson"
},
{
"indices": [
82,
89
],
"target": "Balmain Tigers"
},
{
"indices": [
110,
123
],
"target": "Allan Thomson (rugby league)"
},
{
"indices": [
168,
183
],
"t... | p_1884 | Thomson came from a footballing family: his father Jim and brother Gary were both Balmain players. His uncle, Allan Thomson was an Australian international. Ian played President's Cup for Balmain in 1974. He then spent two seasons with Quanbeyan under coach Don Furner, earning representative honours with Country Firsts in 1976. He returned to Sydney, signing with Manly-Warringah for the 1977 NSWRFL season. The following year he represented New South Wales and was first selected to play for Australia in the first test against New Zealand. The 1978 NSWRFL season's Grand Final was to be played by the Manly-Warringah and Cronulla-Sutherland clubs. The game ended in a draw and resulted in a re-play which was won by Manly-Warringah, with Thomson playing in both matches. After that he went on the 1978 Kangaroo tour.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
157,
204
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Ian played President's Cup for Balmain in 1974."
}
... |
Volga Se Ganga | [
{
"indices": [
27,
33
],
"target": "Taxila"
},
{
"indices": [
81,
86
],
"target": "Aryan"
},
{
"indices": [
183,
188
],
"target": "Vedas"
},
{
"indices": [
189,
195
],
"target": "Rishi"
},
{
"indices"... | p_1885 | The sixth story, "Angira" (Taxila 1800 BC), is about a man who wants to save the Aryan race from losing its identity to other races by teaching about their true culture (precursor to Vedic Rishis). The eighth story (Pravahan (700 BC. Panchala, U.P.). is about the upper class manipulating religion for their own vested interests and conspiring to keep people in dark for at least 2000 years). One can see how easily and frequently the Indians, the mid easterners and the Greeks mingled with each other in the times of Chanakya and Alexander by reading the tenth story Nagdatt, which is about a philosopher classmate of Chanakya who travels to Persia and Greece and learns how Athens fell to Macedonia. The eleventh story (Prabha, 50 AD) is about the famous (also the first Indian) dramatist Aśvaghoṣa, who adopted the Greek art of drama into Indian culture in a very beautiful and authentic way, and his inspiration. Baba Noordeen (1300), the 15th story is about the rise of Sufism. The seventeenth story Rekha Bhagat (1800 is about the barbarous rule of the East India company and the anarchy it brought to parts of India. The last story ("Sumer", 1942) is about a man who goes on to fight the Japanese because he wants Soviet Russia to triumph, for this nation according to him is the only hope left for humanity.
| [
{
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"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
702,
856
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The eleventh story (Prabha, 50 AD) is about the famous (a... |
Nathan O. Kaplan | [
{
"indices": [
68,
78
],
"target": "Biochemist"
},
{
"indices": [
106,
118
],
"target": "Chemotherapy"
},
{
"indices": [
160,
164
],
"target": "University of California, Los Angeles"
},
{
"indices": [
189,
212
],... | p_1886 | Nathan Oram Kaplan (June 25, 1917 – April 15, 1986) was an American biochemist who studied enzymology and chemotherapy. After completing a B.A. in chemistry at UCLA in 1939, Kaplan studied carbohydrate metabolism in the liver under David M. Greenberg at the University of California, Berkeley medical school. He earned his Ph.D. in 1943. From 1942 to 1944, Kaplan participated in the Manhattan Project, and then spent a year as an instructor at Wayne State University. From 1945 to 1949, Kaplan worked with Fritz Lipmann at Massachusetts General Hospital to study coenzyme A. Kaplan went to the University of Illinois College of Medicine as an assistant professor in 1949, and from 1950 to 1957 he worked at the McCollum-Pratt Institute of Johns Hopkins University. In 1957, he was recruited to head a new graduate program in biochemistry at Brandeis University. In 1968, Kaplan moved to the University of California, San Diego, where he studied the role of lactate dehydrogenase in cancer. He also founded a colony of nude mice, a strain of laboratory mice useful in the study of cancer and other diseases. In 1981, Kaplan became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 764,
"passage": "Nathan O. Kaplan",
"start": 739,
"text": " Johns Hopkins University"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
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"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
... |
Peter Dinklage on screen and stage | [
{
"indices": [
0,
14
],
"target": "Peter Dinklage"
},
{
"indices": [
81,
99
],
"target": "Bennington College"
},
{
"indices": [
207,
225
],
"target": "Living in Oblivion"
},
{
"indices": [
325,
337
],
"target... | p_1887 | Peter Dinklage is an American actor and producer. Dinklage studied acting at the Bennington College where he starred in a number of amateur stage productions. He made his film debut in the 1995 comedy-drama Living in Oblivion. After appearing in a series of supporting parts in much of the 1990s and early 2000s, he made his breakthrough by starring in the Tom McCarthy-directed comedy-drama The Station Agent (2003), which had him play a railroad-obsessed introvert who inherits an abandoned train depot. He was cast in the role by director Tom McCarthy who recalled fondly his appearance in McCarthy's play The Killing Act (1995). For his performance, he received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Actor and an Independent Spirit Awards nomination for Best Male Lead. In the same year, Dinklage played the title role in the play Richard III at The Public Theater. He also played a children's book author in the comedy Elf. In 2006, he appeared in the Sidney Lumet-directed crime film Find Me Guilty. He followed with roles in the films Underdog (2007), the British film Death at a Funeral (2007), with its American remake of the same name (2010) and Trumpkin in the high fantasy film (2008).
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 107,
"passage": "bennington college",
"start": 100,
"text": "Vermont"
}
],
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [... |
Rita Fornia | [
{
"indices": [
39,
51
],
"target": "Emil Fischer (bass)"
},
{
"indices": [
56,
69
],
"target": "Sofia Scalchi"
},
{
"indices": [
214,
227
],
"target": "Frieda Hempel"
},
{
"indices": [
307,
326
],
"target": "... | p_1888 | While in New York, Fornia studied with Emil Fischer and Sofia Scalchi in New York City and then, under Fischer's advice, moved to Berlin in 1899 to study under Selma Nicklass-Kempner. Kempner, later the teacher of Frieda Hempel, trained her as a coloratura soprano. She made her professional début with the Hamburg State Opera in 1901 as Eudoxie in Halévy's La Juive. Over the next two years she sang mostly coloratura soprano roles in Germany and France, largely with the Hamburg State Opera who offered her a contract. Her other roles in Hamburg included Rosina in The Barber of Seville and the Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute. From the Fall of 1902 through the summer of 1903 she studied with Jean de Reszke in Paris. Reszke was convinced the Fornia was actually a mezzo-soprano and trained her voice accordingly. Under Reszke's recommendation to Henry Savage, Fornia returned to America in August 1903 to join the Savage English Grand Opera Company where she sang both mezzo-soprano and soprano roles until 1906. Her first performance with the company was as Siébel in Charles Gounod's Faust at the Brooklyn Academy of Music on 21 September 1903. Her other roles with Savage's company included Musetta in Giacomo Puccini's La bohème, Nedda in Pagliacci, Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, both Brünnhilde and Sieglinde in The Valkyrie, both Elisabeth and Venus in Wagner's Tannhäuser, and both Leonora and Azucena in Verdi's Il trovatore.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 206,
"passage": "henry wilson savage",
"start": 181,
"text": "New Durham, New Hampshire"
}
],
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"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
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"context": [
{
... |
Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri | [
{
"indices": [
155,
169
],
"target": "George W. Bush"
},
{
"indices": [
211,
215
],
"target": "2000 United States presidential election"
},
{
"indices": [
220,
224
],
"target": "2004 United States presidential election"
},
{
"in... | p_1889 | Unlike many other rural counties throughout Missouri, Ste. Genevieve used to be one of the most reliably Democratic strongholds in presidential elections. George W. Bush lost Ste. Genevieve County both times in 2000 and 2004; in 2004, it was one of only four counties (the independent city of St. Louis, St. Louis County and Jackson County) that voted for John Kerry. Unlike other rural counties throughout Missouri, Ste. Genevieve County was one of only nine counties in Missouri that favored Barack Obama over John McCain in 2008. The Democratic dominant streak in Ste. Genevieve County, however, was broken in 2012 when Mitt Romney carried it by three points over President Barack Obama. This was the first time that a Republican presidential nominee had won Ste. Genevieve County since Ronald Reagan carried the county in his landslide reelection bid in 1984. In 2016, Republican Donald Trump, who received much more working class support than a typical Republican which could be seen across many working class and rural counties all across the country just like Ste. Genevieve county received 64% in the county, the most of any Presidential candidate since Lyndon Johnson in 1964 and the most of any Republican candidate ever.
| [] |
Yellow-wattled lapwing | [
{
"indices": [
64,
102
],
"target": "Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon"
},
{
"indices": [
217,
242
],
"target": "François-Nicolas Martinet"
},
{
"indices": [
341,
361
],
"target": "Edme-Louis Daubenton"
},
{
"indices": [
... | p_1890 | The yellow-wattled lapwing was described by the French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in his Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux in 1781. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-coloured plate engraved by François-Nicolas Martinet in the Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle. This plate was produced under the supervision of Edme-Louis Daubenton to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert coined the binomial name Charadrius malabaricus in his catalogue of the Planches Enluminées. The type locality is the Malabar Coast in southwest India. The current genus Vanellus was erected by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. Vanellus is the Medieval Latin for a "lapwing". It is a diminutive of the Latin vanus meaning "winnowing" or "fan". The species is monotypic.
| [
{
"answer": {
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{
"end": 839,
"passage": "georges-louis leclerc, comte de buffon",
"start": 831,
"text": "Montbard"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{... |
Orion Samuelson | [
{
"indices": [
38,
56
],
"target": "Ontario, Wisconsin"
},
{
"indices": [
63,
71
],
"target": "La Crosse, Wisconsin"
},
{
"indices": [
98,
106
],
"target": "Lutheranism"
},
{
"indices": [
189,
198
],
"target"... | p_1891 | Samuelson was born on a dairy farm in Ontario, Wisconsin, near LaCrosse. He considered becoming a Lutheran pastor before deciding on six months of radio school. His early work was based in Wisconsin, at WKLJ in Sparta, WHBY in Appleton, and WBAY-TV/AM in Green Bay. He is best known for his association with WGN Radio in Chicago, serving as the station's head agriculture broadcaster since 1960. In May of 1960, one of Mr. Samuelson's first assignments for WGN was to Emcee the National Barn Dance, a long running program that WGN had just acquired when WLS radio discontinued its association with Prairie Farmer Magazine. WLS had become "The Station With Personality" and started playing Rock and Roll. Three years into his tenure at WGN, he was the staffer that read the news of the John F. Kennedy assassination. He currently co-hosts (with associate Max Armstrong) the Morning Show on Saturdays. In addition, Samuelson hosts a three-minute daily "National Farm Report", and a weekly commentary, "Samuelson Sez"; both are syndicated to various stations across the country through Tribune Broadcasting's Tribune Radio Network.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 31,
"passage": "wklj",
"start": 24,
"text": "1290 AM"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
162,
... |
Mierasaurus | [
{
"indices": [
145,
150
],
"target": "Taxon"
},
{
"indices": [
202,
220
],
"target": "Rafael Royo-Torres"
},
{
"indices": [
237,
251
],
"target": "James I. Kirkland"
},
{
"indices": [
270,
281
],
"target": "J... | p_1892 | Additional specimens - a lower jaw from a juvenile specimen, UMNH.VP.26010, and a juvenile femur, UMNH.VP.26011 - were also referred to the same taxon. In 2017, all of these specimens were described by Rafael Royo-Torres, Paul Upchurch, James Kirkland, Donald DeBlieux, John Foster, Alberto Cobos, and Luis Alcalá as part of a research paper published in Scientific Reports. They named a new genus for the specimens, Mierasaurus; the name honors Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco, a Spanish cartographer who was "the first European scientist to enter what is now Utah" in the Domínguez–Escalante expedition of 1776. They also named the type and only species M. bobyoungi after Robert ("Bob") Young, in order to acknowledge "the importance of [his] underappreciated research" the geology of the Early Cretaceous of Utah.
| [
{
"answer": {
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"type": "none"
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{
"indices": [
152,
374
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "In 2017, all of these specimens were described by Rafael ... |
James B. Steedman | [
{
"indices": [
29,
37
],
"target": "Politics"
},
{
"indices": [
77,
98
],
"target": "Ohio General Assembly"
},
{
"indices": [
186,
206
],
"target": "California Gold Rush"
},
{
"indices": [
241,
245
],
"target... | p_1893 | Steedman began his career in politics in 1847, twice winning election to the Ohio General Assembly. Afterwards he worked as a railroad conductor and then went to make his fortune in the California Gold Rush in 1849. However, prospecting for gold proved difficult so in 1850, Steedman returned to Ohio. He was appointed to the state's board for public works, served from 1852 to 1857 (as the president three out of those four years). Also during that time, he was admitted to the state's bar association and then established a law practice in Toledo. Steedman became an editor of the North-Western Democrat and Toledo Times newspaper and a major general of the 5th Division in the Ohio State Militia in 1857, holding both positions until the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861. From 1856 to 1860, he also worked as a printer for the United States Congress.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 64,
"passage": "california gold rush",
"start": 60,
"text": "1848"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Black Buffalo (wrestler) | [
{
"indices": [
33,
52
],
"target": "Osaka Pro Wrestling"
},
{
"indices": [
97,
101
],
"target": "Wrestling mask"
},
{
"indices": [
122,
131
],
"target": "Glossary of professional wrestling terms"
},
{
"indices": [
148,
... | p_1894 | In April 1999, Yamada joined the Osaka Pro Wrestling promotion, where he began wrestling under a mask as Black Buffalo, a character inspired by the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes baseball team. He made his debut for the promotion at its first event on April 29, where he, Dick Togo and Violencia, forming the villainous alliance Legion of Violence (LOV), were defeated in a six-man tag team main event by Masato Yakushiji, Naohiro Hoshikawa and Super Delfin. Buffalo kept teaming with Togo for the rest of the year. On November 21, Buffalo won his first title in Osaka Pro, when he defeated Super Delfin for the UWF Super Welterweight Championship, only to lose it back to him seven days later. In early 2000, LOV was joined by Daio Quallt and Policeme~n, replacing Violencia. On May 1, Buffalo and Togo defeated Super Delfin and Super Demekin in the finals to win the 1st Anniversary Tag Tournament. In September, Buffalo took part in the inaugural Tenno-zan tournament, where he made it to the semifinals, before being eliminated by Super Delfin. After Dick Togo left Osaka Pro at the end of 2000, LOV was disbanded and replaced by the new group, FLUXxx, as a member of which Buffalo formed a new tag team named Infinity with Tsubasa. After reaching the semifinals of the 2001 Osaka Tag Festival, Buffalo and Tsubasa defeated Super Delfin and Takehiro Murahama on July 21 to win the vacant Osaka Pro Wrestling Tag Team Championship. They would lose the title to Murahama and Kaiju Zeta Mandora on August 24. The following October's Tenno-zan saw a repeat of the previous year's tournament as Buffalo was eliminated in the semifinals by Super Delfin. On January 27, 2002, Buffalo, Tsubasa and Gamma defeated Super Delfin, Super Demekin and Takehiro Murahama to win the Trios Cup Tournament. On August 25, Buffalo and Tsubasa regained the Osaka Pro Wrestling Tag Team Championship by defeating the Kishiwada Gurentai (Big Boss MA-G-MA and Daio Quallt). After a five-month reign, they would lose the title to Jyushin Thunder Liger and Takehiro Murahama on February 1, 2003.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 132,
"passage": "osaka pro wrestling",
"start": 120,
"text": "Super Delfin"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indic... |
3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) | [
{
"indices": [
13,
31
],
"target": "Invasion of Normandy"
},
{
"indices": [
62,
67
],
"target": "Normandy landings"
},
{
"indices": [
80,
98
],
"target": "Operation Overlord"
},
{
"indices": [
244,
280
],
"ta... | p_1895 | The regiment landed in Normandy on 7 June 1944, the day after D-Day. During the Battle of Normandy, 4th CLY served as part of the 7th Armoured Division. On 13 June, they led the advance of 22nd Armoured Brigade with A Company of 1st Battalion, Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) by road from Villers-Bocage and were ambushed by a detachment comprising five Tiger tanks. One of the Tigers, commanded by SS-Obersturmführer Michael Wittmann, cut in behind the lead squadron, cutting them off and destroying the soft-skinned vehicles of the Rifle Brigade before running into the Sharpshooters Headquarters Troop and accompanying artillery observation tanks. Wittmann is credited with up to ten of the kills before his tank was immobilised and he escaped on foot. The cut-off squadron was later forced to surrender after the arrival of a further ten Tiger tanks. These Tigers, with elements of Panzer-Lehr-Division and 2nd Panzer Division, then counter-attacked the British in the town, but lost up to eight Tigers and two Panzer IVs before the British withdrew. 4th CLY lost its commander, Lieutenant Colonel The Viscount Cranley, and second-in-command; "A" Squadron was destroyed. 4 CLY's losses for the day amounted to 20 Cromwells, four Fireflys, three Humber Scout Cars, three Stuarts and a half track.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 209,
"passage": "invasion of normandy",
"start": 203,
"text": "France"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": ... |
Mid-major | [
{
"indices": [
4,
52
],
"target": "2011 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament"
},
{
"indices": [
169,
186
],
"target": "Butler University"
},
{
"indices": [
187,
195
],
"target": "Butler Bulldogs men's basketball"
},
{
"in... | p_1896 | The 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament was the first time since the tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985 that two mid-majors met in the Final Four. The Butler University Bulldogs returned for their second consecutive appearance after winning the Southeast Regional in New Orleans as a #8 seed. The Virginia Commonwealth University Rams of the Colonial Athletic Association advanced to their first Final Four appearance after winning the Southwest Regional in San Antonio as a #11 seed. VCU became the first team in history to win five games to reach the Final Four, winning the First Four round in its inaugural year. VCU tied LSU in 1986 and fellow CAA team, George Mason, in 2006 as the highest seed to reach the Final Four (#11). The previous time two mid-majors advanced to the same Final Four was the 1979 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, when Indiana State of the Missouri Valley and Penn of the Ivy League qualified. Butler is no longer a mid-major due to its membership in the Big East since 2013. VCU has since joined the Atlantic 10, where it has consistently been among the top teams, even following the departure of coach Shaka Smart for Texas in 2015, and his successor, Will Wade, for LSU in 2017.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": [
{
"end": 97,
"passage": "butler university",
"start": 90,
"text": "Indiana"
}
],
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "span"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
... |
Marina Tsvetaeva | [
{
"indices": [
20,
39
],
"target": "Dmitri Shostakovich"
},
{
"indices": [
112,
129
],
"target": "Sofia Gubaidulina"
},
{
"indices": [
253,
267
],
"target": "Alla Pugacheva"
},
{
"indices": [
280,
297
],
"tar... | p_1897 | The Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich set six of Tsvetaeva's poems to music. Later the Russian-Tatar composer Sofia Gubaidulina wrote an Hommage à Marina Tsvetayeva featuring her poems. Her poem "Mne Nravitsya..." ("I like that..."), was performed by Alla Pugacheva in the film The Irony of Fate. In 2003, the opera Marina: A Captive Spirit, based on Tsvetaeva's life and work, premiered from American Opera Projects in New York with music by Deborah Drattell and libretto by poet Annie Finch. The production was directed by Anne Bogart and the part of Tsvetaeva was sung by Lauren Flanigan. The poetry by Tsvetaeva was set to music and frequently performed as songs by Elena Frolova, Larisa Novoseltseva, Zlata Razdolina and other Russian bards.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
594,
723
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "The poetry by Tsvetaeva was set to music and frequently p... |
Joshua Rowley | [
{
"indices": [
75,
86
],
"target": "Fourth-rate"
},
{
"indices": [
122,
134
],
"target": "Henry Osborn (Royal Navy officer)"
},
{
"indices": [
149,
166
],
"target": "Ship of the line"
},
{
"indices": [
248,
255
]... | p_1898 | By October 1757 Rowley had been given the task of commissioning the 60-gun fourth-rate . Once launched she joined Admiral Henry Osborn’s fleet of 14 ships of the line in the Mediterranean. Osborn was at the time blockading the French under Admiral La Clue in the Spanish city of Cartagena preventing them from joining the fleet off Louisburg in Nova Scotia. French command had ordered the Marquis Duquesne to break through the British blockade and reinforce La Clue and then with superiority of numbers break out of Cartagena and make their way to America. Osborn intercepted Duquesne and his three ships of the line and one frigate. The subsequent action became known as the Battle of Cartagena and took place on 28 February 1758. Osborn's squadron captured two of the French line of battle ships and, under the guns of the Spanish castle the 60-gun French Oriflamme was driven on shore by the Montagu and the . Whilst the battle was not particularly grand the annihilation of the forces under Duquesne had two distinct effects. Firstly, the battle restored much of the pride that had been sapped from the navy after several defeats including those at Toulon and Minorca. Secondly, the siege of Louisburg and its surrender led to the French being marginalised as a significant power in North America. The battle can therefore be considered by the British as one of the defining achievements of the Seven Years' War. Had La Clue managed to break out from Osborn's close blockade the modern map of North America might appear quite different.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": "fleet",
"answer_value": "1",
"type": "value"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
89,
188
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Once launched she joined Admiral Henry Osborn’s fleet o... |
List of One Piece episodes (seasons 15–current) | [
{
"indices": [
0,
9
],
"target": "One Piece (TV series)"
},
{
"indices": [
16,
21
],
"target": "Anime"
},
{
"indices": [
38,
43
],
"target": "Manga"
},
{
"indices": [
44,
61
],
"target": "One Piece"
},
{
... | p_1899 | One Piece is an anime series from the manga of the same title written by Eiichiro Oda. Produced by Toei Animation, and directed by Konosuke Uda, Munehisa Sakai and Hiroaki Miyamoto, it began broadcasting on Fuji Television on October 20, 1999. One Piece follows the adventures of Monkey D. Luffy, a 17-year-old boy, whose body has gained the properties of rubber from accidentally eating a supernatural fruit, and his crew of diverse pirates, named the Straw Hat Pirates. Luffy's greatest ambition is to obtain the world's ultimate treasure, One Piece, and thereby become the next King of the Pirates. The series uses 39 different pieces of theme music: 21 opening themes and 18 closing themes. Several CDs that contain the theme music and other tracks have been released by Toei Animation. The first DVD compilation was released on February 21, 2001, with individual volumes releasing monthly. The Singaporean company Odex released part of the series locally in English and Japanese in the form of dual audio Video CDs.
| [
{
"answer": {
"answer_spans": null,
"answer_unit": null,
"answer_value": null,
"type": "none"
},
"context": [
{
"indices": [
87,
113
],
"passage": "main",
"text": "Produced by Toei Animation"
}
],
"qid": "q_4... |
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