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"te... | context-3_4_2.mp3 | context-3_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | But the ECHR also noted that a minority took a broader view and did not consider biological-physical destruction was necessary as the intent to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group was enough to qualify as genocide. | But the ECHR also noted that a minority took a broader view and did not consider biological-physical destruction was necessary as the intent to destroy a national, racial, religious or ethnic group was enough to qualify as genocide. | question-3_4_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What form of destruction was considered too limited by a smaller group of experts? |
573344334776f419006607d2 | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | Prior to being a formal legal term, how was the word "genocide" used in an indictment scenario? | {
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... | context-3_5_0.mp3 | context-3_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | question-3_5_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Prior to being a formal legal term, how was the word "genocide" used in an indictment scenario? |
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573206f1b9d445190005e73d | Genocide | The word genocide was later included as a descriptive term to the process of indictment, but not yet as a formal legal term According to Lemming, genocide was defined as "a coordinated strategy to destroy a group of people, a process that could be accomplished through total annihilation as well as strategies that elimi... | What elements of group existence, other than people themselves, can be targets of genocide? | {
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573350a0d058e614000b5842 | Genocide | The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relatio... | In a general aspect, what is genocide viewed as? | {
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"tex... | context-3_6_2.mp3 | context-3_6.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | When genocide is looked at in a general aspect it is viewed as the deliberate killing of a certain group. | When genocide is looked at in a general aspect it is viewed as the deliberate killing of a certain group. | question-3_6_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | In a general aspect, what is genocide viewed as? |
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5732c3e8cc179a14009dac46 | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | The word "genocide" was unknown until what year? | {
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5732c3e8cc179a14009dac48 | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | What was the name of the Polish-Jewish lawyer who first described Nazi atrocities as "genocide?" | {
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5732c3e8cc179a14009dac49 | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | What is the etymological basis of the word "genocide?" | {
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5732c3e8cc179a14009dac4a | Genocide | Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, describ... | As it pertains to violent crimes against targeted groups, what is the ultimate motivation within the actions of genocide? | {
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"t... | context-3_7_5.mp3 | context-3_7.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them. | The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them. | question-3_7_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | As it pertains to violent crimes against targeted groups, what is the ultimate motivation within the actions of genocide? |
5733c3c7d058e614000b61ef | Genocide | The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inqui... | Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what? | {
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5733c3c7d058e614000b61f0 | Genocide | The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inqui... | What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inquiry? | {
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5733c3c7d058e614000b61f1 | Genocide | The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inqui... | The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what? | {
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"te... | context-3_8_2.mp3 | context-3_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. | The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. | question-3_8_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what? |
5733c3c7d058e614000b61f2 | Genocide | The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inqui... | In addition to the numeric size of a targeted group, what other consideration was useful to the ICTY? | {
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"te... | context-3_8_3.mp3 | context-3_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. | In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. | question-3_8_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | In addition to the numeric size of a targeted group, what other consideration was useful to the ICTY? |
5733c6224776f419006611f4 | Genocide | In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of geno... | The issue of what is raised by judges in Paragraph 13? | {
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5733c6224776f419006611f5 | Genocide | In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of geno... | What is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the activity of the perpetrators be considered? | {
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5733c6224776f419006611f6 | Genocide | In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of geno... | The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control? | {
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"possible e... | context-3_9_0.mp3 | context-3_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. | In paragraph thirteen the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators' activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. | question-3_9_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control? |
5733c6224776f419006611f7 | Genocide | In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of geno... | What will always be restricted in terms of a perpetrator's intent to destroy? | {
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"... | context-3_9_2.mp3 | context-3_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. | The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. | question-3_9_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What will always be restricted in terms of a perpetrator's intent to destroy? |
5733c6224776f419006611f8 | Genocide | In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of geno... | While the factor cannot independently indicate if the targeted group is substantial, it can do what? | {
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"te... | context-3_9_3.mp3 | context-3_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can—in combination with other factors—inform the analysis." | While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can--in combination with other factors--inform the analysis." | question-3_9_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | While the factor cannot independently indicate if the targeted group is substantial, it can do what? |
5733ce494776f41900661298 | Genocide | The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo... | On which date did the Genocide Convention become effective? | {
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5733ce494776f41900661299 | Genocide | The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo... | What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties? | {
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5733ce494776f4190066129a | Genocide | The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo... | Of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, how many were parties to the treaty? | {
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5733ce494776f4190066129b | Genocide | The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo... | What member ratified in 1970? | {
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"th... | context-3_10_2.mp3 | context-3_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdom in 1970, the People's Republic of China in 1983 (having replaced the Taiwan-based Republic of China on the UNSC in 1971), and the United States in 1988. | The Soviet Union ratified in nineteen fifty-four, the United Kingdom in nineteen seventy, the People's Republic of China in nineteen eighty-three (having replaced the Taiwan-based Republic of China on the UNSC in nineteen seventy-one), and the United States in nineteen eighty-eight. | question-3_10_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What member ratified in nineteen seventy? |
5733ce494776f4190066129c | Genocide | The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdo... | The delay in support by certain powerful members meant the Convention was largely powerless for over how many decades? | {
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5733cf6a4776f419006612a2 | Genocide | Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility ... | In 1998 it was written that the CPPCG was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise? | {
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5733cf6a4776f419006612a3 | Genocide | Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility ... | Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool? | {
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"... | context-3_11_1.mp3 | context-3_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. | As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility that others lack, other definitions have also been postulated. | question-3_11_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool? |
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5733cf6a4776f419006612a5 | Genocide | Writing in 1998 Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Björnson stated that the CPPCG was a legal instrument resulting from a diplomatic compromise. As such the wording of the treaty is not intended to be a definition suitable as a research tool, and although it is used for this purpose, as it has an international legal credibility ... | The writers Jonassohn and Bjornson cite various reasons for the lack of widespread support of what? | {
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5733f7b64776f419006615e4 | Genocide | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? | {
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5733f7b64776f419006615e5 | Genocide | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history? | {
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5733f7b64776f419006615e6 | Genocide | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | With whom was Leo Kuper paired in research that focused on 20th century works? | {
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5733f7b64776f419006615e7 | Genocide | Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk ... | Two women and what man concentrated on post World War II events? | {
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5733f9c64776f41900661615 | Genocide | The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted... | Some historians were critical of what exclusion in the definition of victims of genocide? | {
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5733f9c64776f41900661616 | Genocide | The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted... | In what book did Kakar contend that the international definition of genocide was too narrow? | {
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5733f9c64776f41900661617 | Genocide | The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted... | Kakar argued that the definition should include any group defined by the perpetrator and which other group? | {
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5733f9c64776f41900661618 | Genocide | The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted... | In the writing of Chalk and Jonassohn, what is stated to be a form of one-sided mass killing? | {
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5733f9c64776f41900661619 | Genocide | The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted... | In further elaborating on the definition, how did Chalk and Jonassohn phrase the intention of the perpetrator? | {
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5733fb934776f41900661637 | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | Harff and Gurr's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what, by a state or its agents? | {
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} | context-3_14_0.mp3 | context-3_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | question-3_14_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Harff and Gurr's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what, by a state or its agents? |
5733fb934776f41900661638 | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | Harff and Gurr further defined what in terms of ethnicity, religion or nationality? | {
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5733fb934776f41900661639 | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | What was important to Harff and Gurr to distinguish from genocides? | {
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5733fb934776f4190066163a | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | Along with ethnicity and and religion, what other characteristic defined a member of a victimized group? | {
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5733fb934776f4190066163b | Genocide | Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Har... | What did Harff define as "short-lived outbursts by mobs...?" | {
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"t... | context-3_14_4.mp3 | context-3_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | we follow Harff's distinction between genocides and 'pogroms,' which she describes as 'short-lived outbursts by mobs, which, although often condoned by authorities, rarely persist.' If the violence persists for long enough, however, Harff argues, the distinction between condonation and complicity collapses." | we follow Harff's distinction between genocides and 'pogroms,' which she describes as 'short-lived outbursts by mobs, which, although often condoned by authorities, rarely persist.' If the violence persists for long enough, however, Harff argues, the distinction between condonation and complicity collapses." | question-3_14_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What did Harff define as "short-lived outbursts by mobs...?" |
5733fcd5d058e614000b6717 | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide? | {
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5733fcd5d058e614000b6718 | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership? | {
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5733fcd5d058e614000b6719 | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | The legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty? | {
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5733fcd5d058e614000b671a | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | Included in the CPPCG is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end? | {
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5733fcd5d058e614000b671b | Genocide | According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Gen... | In the interpretation of non-killings, the CPPCG cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor? | {
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57340136d058e614000b6783 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | In terms of failed states and non-state actors, the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer? | {
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57340136d058e614000b6784 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | In Gallagher's definition of genocide, a source of what is malicious in it implementation of the destruction of a group? | {
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2.... | context-3_16_1.mp3 | context-3_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The definition upholds the centrality of intent, the multidimensional understanding of destroy, broadens the definition of group identity beyond that of the 1948 definition yet argues that a substantial part of a group has to be destroyed before it can be classified as genocide (dependent on relative group size). | The definition upholds the centrality of intent, the multidimensional understanding of destroy, broadens the definition of group identity beyond that of the nineteen forty-eight definition yet argues that a substantial part of a group has to be destroyed before it can be classified as genocide (dependent on relative gr... | question-3_16_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Gallagher's definition upholds the centrality of what? |
57340136d058e614000b6786 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | The centrality of intent broadens what definition, beyond the 1948 one? | {
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57340136d058e614000b6787 | Genocide | Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to imple... | In order for a genocide classification to happen, a major part of a group has to be what? | {
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573402a3d058e614000b6797 | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | Signatories to the CPPC are required to prevent and punish what? | {
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573402a3d058e614000b6798 | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | During which times can a perpetrator of genocide be charged? | {
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573402a3d058e614000b6799 | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | In enforcing a charge of genocide, what loophole do many of the signatories possess? | {
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"no claim o... | context-3_17_1.mp3 | context-3_17.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and former Yugoslavia—signed with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them at the International Court of Justice without their consent. | In particular, some of the signatories--namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and former Yugoslavia--signed with the proviso that no claim of genocide could be brought against them at the International Court of Justice without their consent. | question-3_17_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | In enforcing a charge of genocide, what loophole do many of the signatories possess? |
573402a3d058e614000b679a | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | What major western power is exempt from charges or claims of genocide against itself? | {
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573402a3d058e614000b679b | Genocide | All signatories to the CPPCG are required to prevent and punish acts of genocide, both in peace and wartime, though some barriers make this enforcement difficult. In particular, some of the signatories—namely, Bahrain, Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, the United States, Vietnam, Yemen, and forme... | Along with Cyprus, what other major signatory official protested the the immunity of others from prosecution of genocide? | {
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573404abd058e614000b67c9 | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | In 1948 the worldwide acceptance of international laws that defined and forbade genocide was promulgated by which treaty? | {
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573404abd058e614000b67ca | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | Perpetrators who were tried after World War II were in general found guilty of crimes against what? | {
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573404abd058e614000b67cb | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | An example of a more specific genocidal crime of which one could be accused was what? | {
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"crimes like ... | context-3_18_0.mp3 | context-3_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in nineteen forty-eight defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Ho... | question-3_18_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | An example of a more specific genocidal crime of which one could be accused was what? |
573404abd058e614000b67cc | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | After WWII criminals were largely prosecuted under CPPCG for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort? | {
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"... | context-3_18_0.mp3 | context-3_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in nineteen forty-eight defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Ho... | question-3_18_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | After WWII criminals were largely prosecuted under CPPCG for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort? |
573404abd058e614000b67cd | Genocide | Because the universal acceptance of international laws which in 1948 defined and forbade genocide with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), those criminals who were prosecuted after the war in international courts for taking part in the Holocaust were fou... | Who is notable for coining the term "Holocaust?" | {
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"... | context-3_18_1.mp3 | context-3_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the 24 Nazi leaders, Count 3, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide—namely, the extermination... | Nevertheless, the Holocaust is universally recognized to have been a genocide and the term, that had been coined the year before by Raphael Lemkin, appeared in the indictment of the twenty-four Nazi leaders, Count three, which stated that all the defendants had "conducted deliberate and systematic genocide--namely, the... | question-3_18_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Who is notable for coining the term "Holocaust?" |
573406d84776f41900661731 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for genocide by a German court? | {
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573406d84776f41900661732 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the German courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases? | {
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573406d84776f41900661733 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | The ECHR noted that among certain academics, what act carried out by the Serbs agains Bosnian Muslims and Croats did not constitute genocide? | {
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"... | context-3_19_2.mp3 | context-3_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The ECHR also noted that in the 21st century "Amongst scholars, the majority have taken the view that ethnic cleansing, in the way in which it was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes, did not constitute genocide. | The ECHR also noted that in the twenty-first century "Amongst scholars, the majority have taken the view that ethnic cleansing, in the way in which it was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes, did not constitute genocide. | question-3_19_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The ECHR noted that among certain academics, what act carried out by the Serbs agains Bosnian Muslims and Croats did not constitute genocide? |
573406d84776f41900661734 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | The ethnic cleansing perpetrated by the Serbs against Bosnia-Herzegovina was conducted with what ultimate goal in mind? | {
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"... | context-3_19_2.mp3 | context-3_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The ECHR also noted that in the 21st century "Amongst scholars, the majority have taken the view that ethnic cleansing, in the way in which it was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes, did not constitute genocide. | The ECHR also noted that in the twenty-first century "Amongst scholars, the majority have taken the view that ethnic cleansing, in the way in which it was carried out by the Serb forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expel Muslims and Croats from their homes, did not constitute genocide. | question-3_19_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The ethnic cleansing perpetrated by the Serbs against Bosnia-Herzegovina was conducted with what ultimate goal in mind? |
573406d84776f41900661735 | Genocide | On 12 July 2007, European Court of Human Rights when dismissing the appeal by Nikola Jorgić against his conviction for genocide by a German court (Jorgic v. Germany) noted that the German courts wider interpretation of genocide has since been rejected by international courts considering similar cases. The ECHR also not... | Conversely the scholars who did view the Serbs' acts as constituting genocide, were backed up by what Tribunal? | {
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"t... | context-3_19_3.mp3 | context-3_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | However, there are also a considerable number of scholars who have suggested that these acts did amount to genocide, and the ICTY has found in the Momcilo Krajisnik case that the actus reu, of genocide was met in Prijedor "With regard to the charge of genocide, the Chamber found that in spite of evidence of acts perpet... | However, there are also a considerable number of scholars who have suggested that these acts did amount to genocide, and the ICTY has found in the Momcilo Krajisnik case that the actus reu, of genocide was met in Prijedor "With regard to the charge of genocide, the Chamber found that in spite of evidence of acts perpet... | question-3_19_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Conversely the scholars who did view the Serbs' acts as constituting genocide, were backed up by what Tribunal? |
5734087f4776f4190066174d | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide? | {
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} | context-3_20_0.mp3 | context-3_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. | About thirty people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early nineteen ninetys in Bosnia. | question-3_20_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | In the nineteen ninetys, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide? |
5734087f4776f4190066174e | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action? | {
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"t... | context-3_20_1.mp3 | context-3_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić... | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popovic and Ljubisa Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstic... | question-3_20_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action? |
5734087f4776f4190066174f | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge? | {
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... | context-3_20_1.mp3 | context-3_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić... | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popovic and Ljubisa Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstic... | question-3_20_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge? |
5734087f4776f41900661750 | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which Krstic and Nikolic were found guilty was what? | {
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... | context-3_20_1.mp3 | context-3_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić... | To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popovic and Ljubisa Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstic... | question-3_20_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which Krstic and Nikolic were found guilty was what? |
5734087f4776f41900661751 | Genocide | About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zd... | Three others were charged with participating in genocides in Bosnia by which country's courts? | {
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"t... | context-3_20_2.mp3 | context-3_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Three others have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia by German courts, one of whom Nikola Jorgić lost an appeal against his conviction in the European Court of Human Rights. | Three others have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia by German courts, one of whom Nikola Jorgic lost an appeal against his conviction in the European Court of Human Rights. | question-3_20_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Three others were charged with participating in genocides in Bosnia by which country's courts? |
57340aae4776f41900661790 | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | What event occurred in March 2006 that essentially ended Milosevic's trial? | {
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} | context-3_21_0.mp3 | context-3_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. | Slobodan Milosevic, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on eleven March two thousand six during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was r... | question-3_21_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What event occurred in March two thousand six that essentially ended Milosevic's trial? |
57340aae4776f41900661793 | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | Where was Karadzic when he was finally arrested? | {
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"t... | context-3_21_2.mp3 | context-3_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | On 21 July 2008, Karadžić was arrested in Belgrade, and he is currently in The Hague on trial accused of genocide among other crimes. | On twenty-one July two thousand eight, Karadzic was arrested in Belgrade, and he is currently in The Hague on trial accused of genocide among other crimes. | question-3_21_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Where was Karadzic when he was finally arrested? |
57340aae4776f41900661792 | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | With Milosevic dead, who did the ICTY next charge with crimes of genocide in 1995? | {
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"Radovan Kara... | context-3_21_1.mp3 | context-3_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | In 1995, the ICTY issued a warrant for the arrest of Bosnian Serbs Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić on several charges including genocide. | In nineteen ninety-five, the ICTY issued a warrant for the arrest of Bosnian Serbs Radovan Karadzic and Ratko Mladic on several charges including genocide. | question-3_21_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | With Milosevic dead, who did the ICTY next charge with crimes of genocide in nineteen ninety-five? |
57340aae4776f41900661791 | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | Had Milosevic not died, what charges might he have been convicted of? | {
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"genocide o... | context-3_21_0.mp3 | context-3_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. | Slobodan Milosevic, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on eleven March two thousand six during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was r... | question-3_21_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Had Milosevic not died, what charges might he have been convicted of? |
57340aae4776f4190066178f | Genocide | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. In 1995... | Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the ICTY? | {
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"Slobodan Milošev... | context-3_21_0.mp3 | context-3_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Slobodan Milošević, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on 11 March 2006 during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was returned. | Slobodan Milosevic, as the former President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia, was the most senior political figure to stand trial at the ICTY. He died on eleven March two thousand six during his trial where he was accused of genocide or complicity in genocide in territories within Bosnia and Herzegovina, so no verdict was r... | question-3_21_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the ICTY? |
57340c46d058e614000b6893 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | What court was established under the aegis of the United Nations to prosecute genocidal crimes in Rwanda? | {
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"International Cr... | context-3_22_0.mp3 | context-3_22.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April nineteen ninety-four, commencing on six April. | question-3_22_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What court was established under the aegis of the United Nations to prosecute genocidal crimes in Rwanda? |
57340c46d058e614000b6894 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period? | {
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"April 1994... | context-3_22_0.mp3 | context-3_22.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April nineteen ninety-four, commencing on six April. | question-3_22_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period? |
57340c46d058e614000b6895 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | the ICTR was created in November 1995 by which branch of the UN? | {
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... | context-3_22_1.mp3 | context-3_22.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United Nations in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between 1 January and 31 December... | The ICTR was created on eight November nineteen ninety-four by the Security Council of the United Nations in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between one J... | question-3_22_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | the ICTR was created in November nineteen ninety-five by which branch of the UN? |
57340c46d058e614000b6896 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | The ICTR was established for the purpose of convicting those responsible for acts of genocide and what other charges? | {
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"serious vio... | context-3_22_1.mp3 | context-3_22.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United Nations in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between 1 January and 31 December... | The ICTR was created on eight November nineteen ninety-four by the Security Council of the United Nations in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between one J... | question-3_22_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The ICTR was established for the purpose of convicting those responsible for acts of genocide and what other charges? |
57340c46d058e614000b6897 | Genocide | The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) is a court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April 1994, commencing on 6 April. The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United N... | The charges of genocide brought up by the ICTR were against what group of people? | {
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"Rwandan ci... | context-3_22_1.mp3 | context-3_22.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | The ICTR was created on 8 November 1994 by the Security Council of the United Nations in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between 1 January and 31 December... | The ICTR was created on eight November nineteen ninety-four by the Security Council of the United Nations in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between one J... | question-3_22_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The charges of genocide brought up by the ICTR were against what group of people? |
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