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5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fb
Sumer
In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals. ... By...
What was the primary purpose of oxen for Sumerians?
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context-411_21_1.mp3
context-411_21.mp3
22,050
Matthew
They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals.
They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals.
question-411_21_3.mp3
22,050
Amy
What was the primary purpose of oxen for Sumerians?
5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fe
Sumer
In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals. ... By...
Where were plants also grown besides the garden?
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context-411_21_4.mp3
context-411_21.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Plants were also grown in pots or vases."
Plants were also grown in pots or vases."
question-411_21_4.mp3
22,050
Justin
Where were plants also grown besides the garden?
5730b8f5396df919000962d8
Sumer
The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh w...
What was Sumerians one of the first societies known to consume?
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context-411_22_0.mp3
context-411_22.mp3
22,050
Justin
The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies.
The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies.
question-411_22_0.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What was Sumerians one of the first societies known to consume?
5730b8f5396df919000962d9
Sumer
The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh w...
What was the key ingredient in early Sumerian brews?
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context-411_22_1.mp3
context-411_22.mp3
22,050
Justin
Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew.
Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew.
question-411_22_1.mp3
22,050
Emma
What was the key ingredient in early Sumerian brews?
5730b8f5396df919000962da
Sumer
The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh w...
What kinds of beer did the Sumerians brew?
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context-411_22_2.mp3
context-411_22.mp3
22,050
Justin
They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers.
They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers.
question-411_22_2.mp3
22,050
Joey
What kinds of beer did the Sumerians brew?
5730b8f5396df919000962db
Sumer
The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh w...
How important was beer brewing to Sumerians?
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context-411_22_3.mp3
context-411_22.mp3
22,050
Justin
Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians.
Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians.
question-411_22_3.mp3
22,050
Joanna
How important was beer brewing to Sumerians?
5730b8f5396df919000962dc
Sumer
The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh w...
What did Enkidu become and do after consuming seven jugs of beer?
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context-411_22_5.mp3
context-411_22.mp3
22,050
Justin
He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!"
He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!"
question-411_22_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
What did Enkidu become and do after consuming seven jugs of beer?
5730b9a8396df919000962e4
Sumer
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After dr...
Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground?
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context-411_23_1.mp3
context-411_23.mp3
22,050
Justin
Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds.
Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds.
question-411_23_0.mp3
22,050
Joey
Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground?
5730b9a8396df919000962e2
Sumer
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After dr...
How do archaeologists know about Sumerian agricultural practices?
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context-411_23_0.mp3
context-411_23.mp3
22,050
Justin
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water.
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water.
question-411_23_1.mp3
22,050
Justin
How do archaeologists know about Sumerian agricultural practices?
5730b9a8396df919000962e5
Sumer
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After dr...
How many times did Sumerian farmers plow, harrow and rake the ground?
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context-411_23_3.mp3
context-411_23.mp3
22,050
Justin
After drying, they plowed, harrowed, and raked the ground three times, and pulverized it with a mattock, before planting seed.
After drying, they plowed, harrowed, and raked the ground three times, and pulverized it with a mattock, before planting seed.
question-411_23_2.mp3
22,050
Salli
How many times did Sumerian farmers plow, harrow and rake the ground?
5730b9a8396df919000962e3
Sumer
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After dr...
When would farmers flood their fields?
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context-411_23_0.mp3
context-411_23.mp3
22,050
Justin
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water.
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water.
question-411_23_3.mp3
22,050
Ivy
When would farmers flood their fields?
5730b9a8396df919000962e6
Sumer
As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After dr...
The the Ur III period, what crop had Sumerians switched to from wheat for their primary crop?
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context-411_23_5.mp3
context-411_23.mp3
22,050
Justin
By the Ur III period, farmers had switched from wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley as their principal crop.
By the Ur III period, farmers had switched from wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley as their principal crop.
question-411_23_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
The the Ur III period, what crop had Sumerians switched to from wheat for their primary crop?
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c71e
Sumer
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on...
What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone?
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context-411_24_0.mp3
context-411_24.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals.
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals.
question-411_24_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone?
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c71f
Sumer
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on...
How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut?
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context-411_24_0.mp3
context-411_24.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals.
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals.
question-411_24_1.mp3
22,050
Ivy
How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut?
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c720
Sumer
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on...
What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?
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context-411_24_1.mp3
context-411_24.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed.
Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed.
question-411_24_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c722
Sumer
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on...
What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by?
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context-411_24_4.mp3
context-411_24.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The foundation stones — or rather bricks — of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."
The foundation stones -- or rather bricks -- of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."
question-411_24_3.mp3
22,050
Amy
What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by?
5730ba6b8ab72b1400f9c721
Sumer
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on...
What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?
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context-411_24_2.mp3
context-411_24.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance.
The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance.
question-411_24_4.mp3
22,050
Salli
What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c728
Sumer
The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enable...
What is the most impressive and famous style of Sumerian buildings?
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context-411_25_0.mp3
context-411_25.mp3
22,050
Salli
The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples.
The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples.
question-411_25_0.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What is the most impressive and famous style of Sumerian buildings?
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c729
Sumer
The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enable...
Sumerians also built houses from reeds not very different from ones built by inhabitants in Iraq as recently as when?
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context-411_25_1.mp3
context-411_25.mp3
22,050
Salli
Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome.
Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as four hundred CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome.
question-411_25_1.mp3
22,050
Salli
Sumerians also built houses from reeds not very different from ones built by inhabitants in Iraq as recently as when?
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c72b
Sumer
The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enable...
How did the Sumerians build their strong domes?
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context-411_25_2.mp3
context-411_25.mp3
22,050
Salli
They built this by constructing and linking several arches.
They built this by constructing and linking several arches.
question-411_25_2.mp3
22,050
Amy
How did the Sumerians build their strong domes?
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c72a
Sumer
The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enable...
What development by the Sumerians allowed them to make use of domes?
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context-411_25_1.mp3
context-411_25.mp3
22,050
Salli
Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome.
Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as four hundred CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enabled them to develop a strong type of dome.
question-411_25_3.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What development by the Sumerians allowed them to make use of domes?
5730bb058ab72b1400f9c72c
Sumer
The most impressive and famous of Sumerian buildings are the ziggurats, large layered platforms which supported temples. Sumerian cylinder seals also depict houses built from reeds not unlike those built by the Marsh Arabs of Southern Iraq until as recently as 400 CE. The Sumerians also developed the arch, which enable...
Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer?
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context-411_25_3.mp3
context-411_25.mp3
22,050
Salli
Sumerian temples and palaces made use of more advanced materials and techniques,[citation needed] such as buttresses, recesses, half columns, and clay nails.
Sumerian temples and palaces made use of more advanced materials and techniques,[citation needed] such as buttresses, recesses, half columns, and clay nails.
question-411_25_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
Where were the use of advanced materials and techniques on display in Sumer?
5730bbb2069b5314008322cd
Sumer
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of t...
What did the Sumerians a complex system of around 4000 BC?
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context-411_26_0.mp3
context-411_26.mp3
22,050
Kendra
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c.
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c.
question-411_26_0.mp3
22,050
Emma
What did the Sumerians a complex system of around four thousand BC?
5730bbb2069b5314008322ce
Sumer
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of t...
From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines?
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context-411_26_1.mp3
context-411_26.mp3
22,050
Kendra
4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra.
four thousand BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra.
question-411_26_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines?
5730bbb2069b5314008322cf
Sumer
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of t...
Where did the Sumerians put their multiplication tables?
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context-411_26_3.mp3
context-411_26.mp3
22,050
Kendra
2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems.
twenty-six hundred BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems.
question-411_26_2.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Where did the Sumerians put their multiplication tables?
5730bbb2069b5314008322d0
Sumer
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of t...
When was the abacus first seen between?
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context-411_26_6.mp3
context-411_26.mp3
22,050
Kendra
2700 – 2300 BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.
twenty-seven hundred - twenty-three hundred BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.
question-411_26_3.mp3
22,050
Brian
When was the abacus first seen between?
5730bbb2069b5314008322d1
Sumer
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of t...
What were the Sumerians the first to do when it came to mathematics?
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context-411_26_7.mp3
context-411_26.mp3
22,050
Kendra
The Sumerians were the first to use a place value numeral system.
The Sumerians were the first to use a place value numeral system.
question-411_26_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
What were the Sumerians the first to do when it came to mathematics?
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c746
Sumer
Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for a...
What were the main types of loans in Sumerian society?
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context-411_27_0.mp3
context-411_27.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans.
Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans.
question-411_27_0.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What were the main types of loans in Sumerian society?
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c748
Sumer
Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for a...
How man shekel per mina was the interest rate for loans?
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context-411_27_2.mp3
context-411_27.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for about two thousand years.
The interest rate was set at one/sixty a month (one shekel per mina) some time before two thousand BC and it remained at that level for about two thousand years.
question-411_27_1.mp3
22,050
Ivy
How man shekel per mina was the interest rate for loans?
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c747
Sumer
Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for a...
What was trade credit backed by when extended by temples?
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context-411_27_1.mp3
context-411_27.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver.
The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver.
question-411_27_2.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What was trade credit backed by when extended by temples?
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c749
Sumer
Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for a...
For how long was the interest rate of Sumerian loans consistent?
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context-411_27_2.mp3
context-411_27.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for about two thousand years.
The interest rate was set at one/sixty a month (one shekel per mina) some time before two thousand BC and it remained at that level for about two thousand years.
question-411_27_3.mp3
22,050
Joey
For how long was the interest rate of Sumerian loans consistent?
5730bc458ab72b1400f9c74a
Sumer
Commercial credit and agricultural consumer loans were the main types of loans. The trade credit was usually extended by temples in order to finance trade expeditions and was nominated in silver. The interest rate was set at 1/60 a month (one shekel per mina) some time before 2000 BC and it remained at that level for a...
What typically arose as a result of unpaid obligations?
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context-411_27_3.mp3
context-411_27.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Rural loans commonly arose as a result of unpaid obligations due to an institution (such as a temple), in this case the arrears were considered to be lent to the debtor.
Rural loans commonly arose as a result of unpaid obligations due to an institution (such as a temple), in this case the arrears were considered to be lent to the debtor.
question-411_27_4.mp3
22,050
Amy
What typically arose as a result of unpaid obligations?
5730bd1d396df91900096304
Sumer
Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop fa...
What type of debt did "clean slate" decrees cancel?
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context-411_28_0.mp3
context-411_28.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes.
Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes.
question-411_28_0.mp3
22,050
Justin
What type of debt did "clean slate" decrees cancel?
5730bd1d396df91900096305
Sumer
Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop fa...
When did rulers typically proclaim "clean slate" decrees?
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context-411_28_1.mp3
context-411_28.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop failure.
Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop failure.
question-411_28_1.mp3
22,050
Kendra
When did rulers typically proclaim "clean slate" decrees?
5730bd1d396df91900096307
Sumer
Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop fa...
Why were the clean slate decrees useful to the rulers of Sumer?
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context-411_28_2.mp3
context-411_28.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The first known ones were made by Enmetena and Urukagina of Lagash in 2400-2350 BC. According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants due to the inability to repa...
The first known ones were made by Enmetena and Urukagina of Lagash in twenty-four hundred-twenty-three fifty BC. According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants...
question-411_28_2.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Why were the clean slate decrees useful to the rulers of Sumer?
5730bd1d396df91900096308
Sumer
Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop fa...
What would happen if peasants couldn't repay their debts?
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context-411_28_2.mp3
context-411_28.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The first known ones were made by Enmetena and Urukagina of Lagash in 2400-2350 BC. According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants due to the inability to repa...
The first known ones were made by Enmetena and Urukagina of Lagash in twenty-four hundred-twenty-three fifty BC. According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants...
question-411_28_3.mp3
22,050
Brian
What would happen if peasants couldn't repay their debts?
5730bd1d396df91900096306
Sumer
Periodically "clean slate" decrees were signed by rulers which cancelled all the rural (but not commercial) debt and allowed bondservants to return to their homes. Customarily rulers did it at the beginning of the first full year of their reign, but they could also be proclaimed at times of military conflict or crop fa...
Who made the first known clean slate decrees?
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context-411_28_2.mp3
context-411_28.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The first known ones were made by Enmetena and Urukagina of Lagash in 2400-2350 BC. According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants due to the inability to repa...
The first known ones were made by Enmetena and Urukagina of Lagash in twenty-four hundred-twenty-three fifty BC. According to Hudson, the purpose of these decrees was to prevent debts mounting to a degree that they threatened fighting force which could happen if peasants lost the subsistence land or became bondservants...
question-411_28_4.mp3
22,050
Justin
Who made the first known clean slate decrees?
5730bdce069b5314008322e1
Sumer
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sume...
What contributed to developing military technology for Sumer?
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context-411_29_0.mp3
context-411_29.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level.
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for two thousand years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level.
question-411_29_0.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What contributed to developing military technology for Sumer?
5730bdce069b5314008322e2
Sumer
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sume...
How many years were the Sumerian city-states at war?
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context-411_29_0.mp3
context-411_29.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level.
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for two thousand years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level.
question-411_29_1.mp3
22,050
Emma
How many years were the Sumerian city-states at war?
5730bdce069b5314008322e3
Sumer
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sume...
Who was the first war between in 2525 BC?
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context-411_29_1.mp3
context-411_29.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c.
The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c.
question-411_29_2.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Who was the first war between in twenty-five twenty-five BC?
5730bdce069b5314008322e4
Sumer
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sume...
What did the king of Lagash's army mostly consist of?
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context-411_29_3.mp3
context-411_29.mp3
22,050
Joanna
It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sumerian army consisting mostly of infantry.
It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sumerian army consisting mostly of infantry.
question-411_29_3.mp3
22,050
Salli
What did the king of Lagash's army mostly consist of?
5730bdce069b5314008322e5
Sumer
The almost constant wars among the Sumerian city-states for 2000 years helped to develop the military technology and techniques of Sumer to a high level. The first war recorded in any detail was between Lagash and Umma in c. 2525 BC on a stele called the Stele of the Vultures. It shows the king of Lagash leading a Sume...
What shape were the shields of the infantry of Lagash?
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context-411_29_4.mp3
context-411_29.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The infantrymen carried spears, wore copper helmets, and carried rectangular shields.
The infantrymen carried spears, wore copper helmets, and carried rectangular shields.
question-411_29_4.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What shape were the shields of the infantry of Lagash?
5730c000396df91900096314
Sumer
Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform writing sy...
When did evidence of wheeled vehicles appear throughout the world?
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context-411_30_0.mp3
context-411_30.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe.
Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid fourth millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe.
question-411_30_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
When did evidence of wheeled vehicles appear throughout the world?
5730c000396df91900096315
Sumer
Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform writing sy...
What form did wheels initially take?
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context-411_30_1.mp3
context-411_30.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel.
The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel.
question-411_30_1.mp3
22,050
Brian
What form did wheels initially take?
5730c000396df91900096316
Sumer
Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform writing sy...
The writing system of the Sumerian's is the second oldest to have what done to it?
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context-411_30_3.mp3
context-411_30.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The Sumerians' cuneiform writing system is the oldest (or second oldest after the Egyptian hieroglyphs) which has been deciphered (the status of even older inscriptions such as the Jiahu symbols and Tartaria tablets is controversial).
The Sumerians' cuneiform writing system is the oldest (or second oldest after the Egyptian hieroglyphs) which has been deciphered (the status of even older inscriptions such as the Jiahu symbols and Tartaria tablets is controversial).
question-411_30_2.mp3
22,050
Kendra
The writing system of the Sumerian's is the second oldest to have what done to it?
5730c000396df91900096317
Sumer
Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform writing sy...
What did the Sumerians map stars into?
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context-411_30_4.mp3
context-411_30.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The Sumerians were among the first astronomers, mapping the stars into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks.
The Sumerians were among the first astronomers, mapping the stars into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks.
question-411_30_3.mp3
22,050
Salli
What did the Sumerians map stars into?
5730c000396df91900096318
Sumer
Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform writing sy...
How many planets were the Sumerians aware of?
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context-411_30_5.mp3
context-411_30.mp3
22,050
Joanna
They were also aware of the five planets that are easily visible to the naked eye.
They were also aware of the five planets that are easily visible to the naked eye.
question-411_30_4.mp3
22,050
Joey
How many planets were the Sumerians aware of?
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01522
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
Sumerians used number systems which included what alternating bases?
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context-411_31_0.mp3
context-411_31.mp3
22,050
Kendra
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6.
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base ten and base six.
question-411_31_0.mp3
22,050
Joey
Sumerians used number systems which included what alternating bases?
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01523
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
What type of number system was standard in Sumer and Babylonia?
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context-411_31_1.mp3
context-411_31.mp3
22,050
Kendra
This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia.
This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia.
question-411_31_1.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What type of number system was standard in Sumer and Babylonia?
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01524
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
What type of formations is it possible Sumerians invented?
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context-411_31_2.mp3
context-411_31.mp3
22,050
Kendra
They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between infantry, cavalry, and archers.
They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between infantry, cavalry, and archers.
question-411_31_2.mp3
22,050
Amy
What type of formations is it possible Sumerians invented?
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01525
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
What systems did the Sumerians develop which remain the first known these types to this day?
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context-411_31_3.mp3
context-411_31.mp3
22,050
Kendra
They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records.
They developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records.
question-411_31_3.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What systems did the Sumerians develop which remain the first known these types to this day?
5730c2c8b7151e1900c01526
Sumer
They invented and developed arithmetic by using several different number systems including a mixed radix system with an alternating base 10 and base 6. This sexagesimal system became the standard number system in Sumer and Babylonia. They may have invented military formations and introduced the basic divisions between ...
In Sumerian society, who oversaw the operation of the first formal schools?
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context-411_31_6.mp3
context-411_31.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Conjointly with the spread of writing, the first formal schools were established, usually under the auspices of a city-state's primary temple.
Conjointly with the spread of writing, the first formal schools were established, usually under the auspices of a city-state's primary temple.
question-411_31_4.mp3
22,050
Kendra
In Sumerian society, who oversaw the operation of the first formal schools?
5730ae26396df91900096274
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
What is the previous name of Tuvalu?
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context-412_0_0.mp3
context-412_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia.
Tuvalu (i/tu:'va:lu:/ too-VAH-loo or /'tu:v@lu:/ TOO-v@-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia.
question-412_0_0.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What is the previous name of Tuvalu?
5730ae26396df91900096275
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
In which ocean is Tuvalu found?
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context-412_0_0.mp3
context-412_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia.
Tuvalu (i/tu:'va:lu:/ too-VAH-loo or /'tu:v@lu:/ TOO-v@-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia.
question-412_0_1.mp3
22,050
Amy
In which ocean is Tuvalu found?
5730ae26396df91900096276
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
Between what land areas is Tuvalu located?
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context-412_0_0.mp3
context-412_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia.
Tuvalu (i/tu:'va:lu:/ too-VAH-loo or /'tu:v@lu:/ TOO-v@-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia.
question-412_0_2.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Between what land areas is Tuvalu located?
5730ae26396df91900096277
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
According the the 2012 census, how many people live on the Tuvalu islands?
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context-412_0_3.mp3
context-412_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Tuvalu has a population of 10,640 (2012 census).
Tuvalu has a population of ten thousand, six hundred forty (twenty twelve census).
question-412_0_3.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
According the the twenty twelve census, how many people live on the Tuvalu islands?
5730ae26396df91900096278
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (i/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176...
What originally formed the Tuvalu islands?
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context-412_0_1.mp3
context-412_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line.
It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of fivedeg to tendeg south and longitude of one hundred seventy-sixdeg to one hundred eightydeg, west of the International Date Line.
question-412_0_4.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What originally formed the Tuvalu islands?
5730afad069b531400832255
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
In what year was Tuvalu discovered by a European?
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context-412_1_0.mp3
context-412_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis.
In fifteen sixty-eight, Spanish navigator Alvaro de Mendana was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis.
question-412_1_0.mp3
22,050
Emma
In what year was Tuvalu discovered by a European?
5730afad069b531400832256
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
Who was the discoverer of Tuvalu?
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context-412_1_0.mp3
context-412_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis.
In fifteen sixty-eight, Spanish navigator Alvaro de Mendana was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis.
question-412_1_1.mp3
22,050
Emma
Who was the discoverer of Tuvalu?
5730afad069b531400832257
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
What land mass was de Mendana actually seeking?
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context-412_1_0.mp3
context-412_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis.
In fifteen sixty-eight, Spanish navigator Alvaro de Mendana was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis.
question-412_1_2.mp3
22,050
Amy
What land mass was de Mendana actually seeking?
5730afad069b531400832258
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
What was Tuvalu named in 1819?
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context-412_1_2.mp3
context-412_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century, when each of the Ellice Islands was declared a British Protectorate by Captain Gibson of HMS Curacoa between 9 and 16 October 1892.
The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late nineteenth century, when each of the Ellice Islands was declared a British Protectorate by Captain Gibson of HMS Curacoa between nine and sixteen October eighteen ninety-two.
question-412_1_3.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What was Tuvalu named in eighteen nineteen?
5730afad069b531400832259
Tuvalu
In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrogra...
By what means did the British govern Tuvalu?
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context-412_1_3.mp3
context-412_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916 as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and then as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1974.
The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from eighteen ninety-two to nineteen sixteen as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and then as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from nineteen sixteen to nineteen seventy-four.
question-412_1_4.mp3
22,050
Kevin
By what means did the British govern Tuvalu?
5730b108069b531400832267
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
How many years ago did migrations of people happen in the Pacific area?
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context-412_2_0.mp3
context-412_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago.
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about three thousand years ago.
question-412_2_0.mp3
22,050
Salli
How many years ago did migrations of people happen in the Pacific area?
5730b108069b531400832268
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
By what means did locale people travel between Pacific islands?
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context-412_2_1.mp3
context-412_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga.
During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga.
question-412_2_1.mp3
22,050
Amy
By what means did locale people travel between Pacific islands?
5730b108069b531400832269
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
How many islands are in the Tuvalu group?
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context-412_2_2.mp3
context-412_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning "eight" in Proto-Austronesian).
Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning "eight" in Proto-Austronesian).
question-412_2_2.mp3
22,050
Joanna
How many islands are in the Tuvalu group?
5730b108069b53140083226a
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
On how many of Tuvalu's islands did people live?
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context-412_2_2.mp3
context-412_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning "eight" in Proto-Austronesian).
Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning "eight" in Proto-Austronesian).
question-412_2_3.mp3
22,050
Joanna
On how many of Tuvalu's islands did people live?
5730b108069b53140083226b
Tuvalu
The origins of the people of Tuvalu are addressed in the theories regarding migration into the Pacific that began about 3000 years ago. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the nearer islands including Samoa and Tonga. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the n...
What is the native language meaning of Tuvalu?
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context-412_2_2.mp3
context-412_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning "eight" in Proto-Austronesian).
Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in Tuvaluan (compare to *walo meaning "eight" in Proto-Austronesian).
question-412_2_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
What is the native language meaning of Tuvalu?
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b4
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
What is the creation myth of Tuvalu?
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context-412_3_0.mp3
context-412_3.mp3
22,050
Emma
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
question-412_3_0.mp3
22,050
Salli
What is the creation myth of Tuvalu?
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b5
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
What does the flounder of the Tuvalu myth represent?
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context-412_3_0.mp3
context-412_3.mp3
22,050
Emma
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
question-412_3_1.mp3
22,050
Joey
What does the flounder of the Tuvalu myth represent?
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b6
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
What does the eel of the Tuvalu creation myth represent?
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context-412_3_0.mp3
context-412_3.mp3
22,050
Emma
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
question-412_3_2.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What does the eel of the Tuvalu creation myth represent?
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b7
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
From what land did the people of Niutao believe they came?
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context-412_3_2.mp3
context-412_3.mp3
22,050
Emma
On Niutao, Funafuti and Vaitupu the founding ancestor is described as being from Samoa; whereas on Nanumea the founding ancestor is described as being from Tonga.
On Niutao, Funafuti and Vaitupu the founding ancestor is described as being from Samoa; whereas on Nanumea the founding ancestor is described as being from Tonga.
question-412_3_3.mp3
22,050
Kendra
From what land did the people of Niutao believe they came?
5730b2b08ab72b1400f9c6b8
Tuvalu
An important creation myth of the islands of Tuvalu is the story of the te Pusi mo te Ali (the Eel and the Flounder) who created the islands of Tuvalu; te Ali (the flounder) is believed to be the origin of the flat atolls of Tuvalu and the te Pusin (the Eel) is the model for the coconut palms that are important in the ...
From where did the people of the island of Nanumea think they came?
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context-412_3_2.mp3
context-412_3.mp3
22,050
Emma
On Niutao, Funafuti and Vaitupu the founding ancestor is described as being from Samoa; whereas on Nanumea the founding ancestor is described as being from Tonga.
On Niutao, Funafuti and Vaitupu the founding ancestor is described as being from Samoa; whereas on Nanumea the founding ancestor is described as being from Tonga.
question-412_3_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
From where did the people of the island of Nanumea think they came?
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6be
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
What explorer traveled through the Tuvalu islands in 1764?
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context-412_4_0.mp3
context-412_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751).
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in seventeen sixty-four during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (seventeen fifty-one).
question-412_4_0.mp3
22,050
Justin
What explorer traveled through the Tuvalu islands in seventeen sixty-four?
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6bf
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
What was Captain Byron doing when he visited Tuvalu?
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context-412_4_0.mp3
context-412_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751).
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in seventeen sixty-four during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (seventeen fifty-one).
question-412_4_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What was Captain Byron doing when he visited Tuvalu?
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c1
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
Which island of Tuvalu was identified as the one that Mourelle sailed past in 1781?
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context-412_4_2.mp3
context-412_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus solving what Europeans had called The Mystery of Gran Cocal.
Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (nineteen eighty) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rua sailed past on five May seventeen eighty-one, thus solving what Europeans had called The Mystery of Gran Cocal.
question-412_4_2.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Which island of Tuvalu was identified as the one that Mourelle sailed past in seventeen eighty-one?
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c0
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
How did Byron name the Tuvalu islands?
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context-412_4_1.mp3
context-412_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands.
Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands.
question-412_4_3.mp3
22,050
Salli
How did Byron name the Tuvalu islands?
5730b4618ab72b1400f9c6c2
Tuvalu
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus...
When were chronometers available for accurate location charting?
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context-412_4_4.mp3
context-412_4.mp3
22,050
Emma
Longitude could only be reckoned crudely as accurate chronometers were unavailable until the late 18th century.
Longitude could only be reckoned crudely as accurate chronometers were unavailable until the late eighteenth century.
question-412_4_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
When were chronometers available for accurate location charting?
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03b
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
When did Arent Schuyler de Peyster visit Tuvalu?
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context-412_5_0.mp3
context-412_5.mp3
22,050
Justin
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May eighteen nineteen; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Engli...
question-412_5_0.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
When did Arent Schuyler de Peyster visit Tuvalu?
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03c
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
Which of the Tuvalu isalnds did de Peyster see?
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context-412_5_0.mp3
context-412_5.mp3
22,050
Justin
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May eighteen nineteen; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Engli...
question-412_5_1.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Which of the Tuvalu isalnds did de Peyster see?
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03d
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
What name did de Peyster give the Tuvalu islands?
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context-412_5_0.mp3
context-412_5.mp3
22,050
Justin
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May eighteen nineteen; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Engli...
question-412_5_2.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What name did de Peyster give the Tuvalu islands?
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03e
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
For whom did de Peyster name Ellice's Island?
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context-412_5_0.mp3
context-412_5.mp3
22,050
Justin
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May eighteen nineteen; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an Engli...
question-412_5_3.mp3
22,050
Kevin
For whom did de Peyster name Ellice's Island?
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03f
Tuvalu
The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician...
After Findlay's charting how many islands of the group were named Ellice?
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context-412_5_1.mp3
context-412_5.mp3
22,050
Justin
The name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay.
The name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay.
question-412_5_4.mp3
22,050
Ivy
After Findlay's charting how many islands of the group were named Ellice?
5730c03d069b5314008322fb
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
In what years did Peruvian ships seek laborers in the Polynesian islands?
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context-412_6_0.mp3
context-412_6.mp3
22,050
Salli
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
For less than a year between eighteen sixty-two-sixty-three, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill t...
question-412_6_0.mp3
22,050
Olivia
In what years did Peruvian ships seek laborers in the Polynesian islands?
5730c03d069b5314008322fc
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
What was the name applied to the trade of dealing with labor hunters?
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context-412_6_0.mp3
context-412_6.mp3
22,050
Salli
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
For less than a year between eighteen sixty-two-sixty-three, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill t...
question-412_6_1.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What was the name applied to the trade of dealing with labor hunters?
5730c03d069b5314008322fe
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu?
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context-412_6_2.mp3
context-412_6.mp3
22,050
Salli
The Rev. A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in 1863 about 170 people were taken from Funafuti and about 250 were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than 100 of the 300 recorded in 1861 as living on Nukulaelae.
The reverend A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in eighteen sixty-three about one hundred seventy people were taken from Funafuti and about two hundred fifty were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than one hundred of the three hundred recorded in eighteen sixty-one as livin...
question-412_6_2.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Who was the earliest missionary to Tuvalu?
5730c03d069b5314008322fd
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
By what means did Blackbirders often get islanders aboard their ships?
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context-412_6_1.mp3
context-412_6.mp3
22,050
Salli
While some islanders were voluntary recruits the "blackbirders" were notorious for enticing islanders on to ships with tricks, such as pretending to be Christian missionaries, as well as kidnapping islanders at gun point.
While some islanders were voluntary recruits the "blackbirders" were notorious for enticing islanders on to ships with tricks, such as pretending to be Christian missionaries, as well as kidnapping islanders at gun point.
question-412_6_3.mp3
22,050
Joey
By what means did Blackbirders often get islanders aboard their ships?
5730c03d069b5314008322ff
Tuvalu
For less than a year between 1862–63, Peruvian ships, engaged in what became to be called the "blackbirding" trade, combed the smaller islands of Polynesia from Easter Island in the eastern Pacific to Tuvalu and the southern atolls of the Gilbert Islands (now Kiribati), seeking recruits to fill the extreme labour short...
When did Murray report people missing because of Blackbirders?
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context-412_6_2.mp3
context-412_6.mp3
22,050
Salli
The Rev. A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in 1863 about 170 people were taken from Funafuti and about 250 were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than 100 of the 300 recorded in 1861 as living on Nukulaelae.
The reverend A. W. Murray, the earliest European missionary in Tuvalu, reported that in eighteen sixty-three about one hundred seventy people were taken from Funafuti and about two hundred fifty were taken from Nukulaelae, as there were fewer than one hundred of the three hundred recorded in eighteen sixty-one as livin...
question-412_6_4.mp3
22,050
Kevin
When did Murray report people missing because of Blackbirders?
5730c1ae396df91900096328
Tuvalu
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society...
When did Christianity arrive in Tuvalu?
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context-412_7_0.mp3
context-412_7.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861.
Christianity came to Tuvalu in eighteen sixty-one when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for eight weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on ten May eighteen sixty-one.
question-412_7_0.mp3
22,050
Salli
When did Christianity arrive in Tuvalu?
5730c1ae396df91900096329
Tuvalu
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society...
What church deacon was washed ashore on Nukulaelae?
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context-412_7_0.mp3
context-412_7.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861.
Christianity came to Tuvalu in eighteen sixty-one when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for eight weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on ten May eighteen sixty-one.
question-412_7_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What church deacon was washed ashore on Nukulaelae?
5730c1ae396df9190009632b
Tuvalu
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society...
What missionary was the first European missionary to come to Tuvalu?
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context-412_7_3.mp3
context-412_7.mp3
22,050
Ivy
In 1865 the Rev. A. W. Murray of the LMS – a Protestant congregationalist missionary society – arrived as the first European missionary where he too proselytised among the inhabitants of Tuvalu.
In eighteen sixty-five the reverend A. W. Murray of the LMS - a Protestant congregationalist missionary society - arrived as the first European missionary where he too proselytised among the inhabitants of Tuvalu.
question-412_7_2.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What missionary was the first European missionary to come to Tuvalu?
5730c1ae396df9190009632c
Tuvalu
Christianity came to Tuvalu in 1861 when Elekana, a deacon of a Congregational church in Manihiki, Cook Islands became caught in a storm and drifted for 8 weeks before landing at Nukulaelae on 10 May 1861. Elekana began proselytising Christianity. He was trained at Malua Theological College, a London Missionary Society...
Of what nationality were most of the ministers of the Church of Tuvalu?
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context-412_7_5.mp3
context-412_7.mp3
22,050
Ivy
In the later 19th and early 20th centuries the ministers of what became the Church of Tuvalu (Te Ekalesia Kelisiano Tuvalu) were predominantly Samoans, who influenced the development of the Tuvaluan language and the music of Tuvalu.
In the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the ministers of what became the Church of Tuvalu (Te Ekalesia Kelisiano Tuvalu) were predominantly Samoans, who influenced the development of the Tuvaluan language and the music of Tuvalu.
question-412_7_3.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Of what nationality were most of the ministers of the Church of Tuvalu?
5730c30bf6cb411900e24460
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
In what century did trading companies arrive in Tuvalu?
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context-412_8_0.mp3
context-412_8.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands.
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-nineteenth century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands.
question-412_8_0.mp3
22,050
Kendra
In what century did trading companies arrive in Tuvalu?
5730c30bf6cb411900e24461
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
What type of traders did the trading companies employ on Tuvalu?
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context-412_8_0.mp3
context-412_8.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands.
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-nineteenth century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands.
question-412_8_1.mp3
22,050
Joey
What type of traders did the trading companies employ on Tuvalu?
5730c30bf6cb411900e24462
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
Who was the first European to permanently settle on Tuvalu?
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context-412_8_1.mp3
context-412_8.mp3
22,050
Ivy
John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s.
John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the eighteen fiftys.
question-412_8_2.mp3
22,050
Justin
Who was the first European to permanently settle on Tuvalu?
5730c30bf6cb411900e24463
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
Which native did O'Brien marry?
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context-412_8_2.mp3
context-412_8.mp3
22,050
Ivy
He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Funafuti.
He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Funafuti.
question-412_8_3.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Which native did O'Brien marry?
5730c30bf6cb411900e24464
Tuvalu
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Fu...
What trader turned author established a post on Tuvalu?
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context-412_8_3.mp3
context-412_8.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Louis Becke, who later found success as a writer, was a trader on Nanumanga from April 1880 until the trading-station was destroyed later that year in a cyclone.
Louis Becke, who later found success as a writer, was a trader on Nanumanga from April eighteen eighty until the trading-station was destroyed later that year in a cyclone.
question-412_8_4.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What trader turned author established a post on Tuvalu?
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a93
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
What sea captain reported on the Tuvalu trading in 1892?
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context-412_9_0.mp3
context-412_9.mp3
22,050
Amy
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited.
In eighteen ninety-two Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited.
question-412_9_0.mp3
22,050
Amy
What sea captain reported on the Tuvalu trading in eighteen ninety-two?
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a94
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
What was the name of Davis's ship?
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context-412_9_0.mp3
context-412_9.mp3
22,050
Amy
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited.
In eighteen ninety-two Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited.
question-412_9_1.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What was the name of Davis's ship?
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a95
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
What did palagi traders act as for the trading companies?
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context-412_9_2.mp3
context-412_9.mp3
22,050
Amy
During this time, the greatest number of palagi traders lived on the atolls, acting as agents for the trading companies.
During this time, the greatest number of palagi traders lived on the atolls, acting as agents for the trading companies.
question-412_9_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
What did palagi traders act as for the trading companies?
5730c426aca1c71400fe5a96
Tuvalu
In 1892 Captain Davis of the HMS Royalist reported on trading activities and traders on each of the islands visited. Captain Davis identified the following traders in the Ellice Group: Edmund Duffy (Nanumea); Jack Buckland (Niutao); Harry Nitz (Vaitupu); John (also known as Jack) O'Brien (Funafuti); Alfred Restieaux an...
How many traders did some islands have?
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context-412_9_3.mp3
context-412_9.mp3
22,050
Amy
Some islands would have competing traders while dryer islands might only have a single trader.
Some islands would have competing traders while dryer islands might only have a single trader.
question-412_9_3.mp3
22,050
Emma
How many traders did some islands have?