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5730a771069b53140083220c | Sumer | Native Sumerian rule re-emerged for about a century in the Neo-Sumerian Empire or Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance) approximately 2100-2000 BC, but the Akkadian language also remained in use. The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where ... | What is considered to be the world's first city? | {
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} | context-411_1_1.mp3 | context-411_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused — that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and foll... | The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused -- that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and fol... | question-411_1_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What is considered to be the world's first city? |
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... | context-411_1_1.mp3 | context-411_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused — that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and foll... | The Sumerian city of Eridu, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, is considered to have been the world's first city, where three separate cultures may have fused -- that of peasant Ubaidian farmers, living in mud-brick huts and practicing irrigation; that of mobile nomadic Semitic pastoralists living in black tents and fol... | question-411_1_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | How many cultures may have fused together in Eridu? |
5730a824396df91900096250 | Sumer | The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ... | What is the common name given to the non-Semitic dwellers of Mesopotamia by the Akkadians? | {
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5730a824396df91900096251 | Sumer | The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ... | What did the Sumerians refer to themselves as in their language? | {
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"... | context-411_2_1.mp3 | context-411_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ('place' + 'lords' + 'noble'), meaning "place of the noble lords". | The Sumerians referred to themselves as ug sag gig-ga (cuneiform: ), phonetically /uNG saNG giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ('place' + 'lords' + 'noble'), meaning "place of the noble lords". | question-411_2_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What did the Sumerians refer to themselves as in their language? |
5730a824396df91900096252 | Sumer | The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ... | How did the Sumerians refer to their land? | {
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... | context-411_2_1.mp3 | context-411_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ('place' + 'lords' + 'noble'), meaning "place of the noble lords". | The Sumerians referred to themselves as ug sag gig-ga (cuneiform: ), phonetically /uNG saNG giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ('place' + 'lords' + 'noble'), meaning "place of the noble lords". | question-411_2_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | How did the Sumerians refer to their land? |
5730a824396df91900096253 | Sumer | The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ... | Shumer, an Akkadian word, could reference what type of name? | {
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"... | context-411_2_2.mp3 | context-411_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The Akkadian word Shumer may represent the geographical name in dialect, but the phonological development leading to the Akkadian term šumerû is uncertain. | The Akkadian word Shumer may represent the geographical name in dialect, but the phonological development leading to the Akkadian term sumeru is uncertain. | question-411_2_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Shumer, an Akkadian word, could reference what type of name? |
5730a824396df91900096254 | Sumer | The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ... | What compass point of Mesopotamia did the Hebrew Shinar refer to? | {
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"t... | context-411_2_3.mp3 | context-411_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Hebrew Shinar, Egyptian Sngr, and Hittite Šanhar(a), all referring to southern Mesopotamia, could be western variants of Shumer. | Hebrew Shinar, Egyptian Sngr, and Hittite Sanhar(a), all referring to southern Mesopotamia, could be western variants of Shumer. | question-411_2_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What compass point of Mesopotamia did the Hebrew Shinar refer to? |
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf59 | Sumer | The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop... | During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power? | {
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5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5a | Sumer | The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop... | What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC? | {
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"text... | context-411_3_1.mp3 | context-411_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. | Sumerian written history reaches back to the twenty-seventh century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. | question-411_3_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the twenty-third century BC? |
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5b | Sumer | The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop... | What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions? | {
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"tex... | context-411_3_2.mp3 | context-411_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions. | the twenty-third century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions. | question-411_3_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions? |
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5c | Sumer | The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop... | When does Classical Sumer end? | {
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"... | context-411_3_3.mp3 | context-411_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 23rd century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. | Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the twenty-third century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the twenty-first century BC, cut short in the twentieth century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. | question-411_3_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | When does Classical Sumer end? |
5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf5d | Sumer | The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop... | What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC? | {
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"t... | context-411_3_3.mp3 | context-411_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 23rd century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. | Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the twenty-third century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the twenty-first century BC, cut short in the twentieth century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. | question-411_3_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the twenty-first century BC? |
5730a9732461fd1900a9cf63 | Sumer | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture... | Fine quality painted pottery is a distinctive style of what period in Sumerian history? | {
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} | context-411_4_0.mp3 | context-411_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. | question-411_4_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Fine quality painted pottery is a distinctive style of what period in Sumerian history? |
5730a9732461fd1900a9cf64 | Sumer | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture... | Where could the pottery be found spread throughout? | {
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5730a9732461fd1900a9cf65 | Sumer | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture... | During the Ubaid, where was the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia established? | {
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5730a9732461fd1900a9cf66 | Sumer | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture... | What type of agriculture did the farmers settling at Eridu bring with them? | {
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"t... | context-411_4_2.mp3 | context-411_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture, which first pioneered irrigation agriculture. | five thousand, three hundred BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture, which first pioneered irrigation agriculture. | question-411_4_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What type of agriculture did the farmers settling at Eridu bring with them? |
5730a9732461fd1900a9cf67 | Sumer | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture... | Who was the chief god of Eridu? | {
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5730aa008ab72b1400f9c63b | Sumer | By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo... | How were trade goods transported in southern Mesopotamia? | {
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5730aa6f8ab72b1400f9c644 | Sumer | Sumerian cities during the Uruk period were probably theocratic and were most likely headed by a priest-king (ensi), assisted by a council of elders, including both men and women. It is quite possible that the later Sumerian pantheon was modeled upon this political structure. There was little evidence of organized warf... | What is an "ensi"? | {
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5730ab3a8ab72b1400f9c65e | Sumer | The earliest dynastic king on the Sumerian king list whose name is known from any other legendary source is Etana, 13th king of the first dynasty of Kish. The earliest king authenticated through archaeological evidence is Enmebaragesi of Kish (c. 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—lead... | Who is the earliest king that is authenticated by actual physical evidence and not just legend? | {
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"te... | context-411_7_2.mp3 | context-411_7.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | 26th century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic—leading to the suggestion that Gilgamesh himself might have been a historical king of Uruk. | twenty-sixth century BC), whose name is also mentioned in the Gilgamesh epic--leading to the suggestion that Gilgamesh himself might have been a historical king of Uruk. | question-411_7_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Where is Enmebaragesi's name mentioned? |
5730ab9c396df9190009626b | Sumer | Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash. In addition, his realm extended to parts of Elam and along the Persian Gulf. He ... | What city-state was the rival of Lagash? | {
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... | context-411_8_0.mp3 | context-411_8.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash. | Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash. | question-411_8_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What city-state was the rival of Lagash? |
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5730ab9c396df9190009626d | Sumer | Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash. In addition, his realm extended to parts of Elam and along the Persian Gulf. He ... | What did Eannatum use to keep the people of the time in line? | {
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5730ac218ab72b1400f9c669 | Sumer | The Semitic Akkadian language is first attested in proper names of the kings of Kish c. 2800 BC, preserved in later king lists. There are texts written entirely in Old Akkadian dating from c. 2500 BC. Use of Old Akkadian was at its peak during the rule of Sargon the Great (c. 2270–2215 BC), but even then most administr... | What language did scribes use over Akkadian? | {
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5730ad61069b531400832231 | Sumer | Later, the 3rd dynasty of Ur under Ur-Nammu and Shulgi, whose power extended as far as southern Assyria, was the last great "Sumerian renaissance", but already the region was becoming more Semitic than Sumerian, with the rise in power of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of... | Which dynasty of Ur was the last great Sumerian renaissance? | {
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5730aea88ab72b1400f9c678 | Sumer | This period is generally taken to coincide with a major shift in population from southern Mesopotamia toward the north. Ecologically, the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands was being compromised as a result of rising salinity. Soil salinity in this region had been long recognized as a major problem. Poorly... | What effect was rising salinity having on the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands? | {
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5730aea88ab72b1400f9c679 | Sumer | This period is generally taken to coincide with a major shift in population from southern Mesopotamia toward the north. Ecologically, the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands was being compromised as a result of rising salinity. Soil salinity in this region had been long recognized as a major problem. Poorly... | The salinity of what in the region was long recognized as a major problem? | {
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5730b096396df9190009629c | Sumer | Though women were protected by late Sumerian law and were able to achieve a higher status in Sumer than in other contemporary civilizations, the culture was male-dominated. The Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest such codification yet discovered, dating to the Ur-III "Sumerian Renaissance", reveals a glimpse at societal struc... | How were women protected in Sumerian society? | {
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"... | context-411_14_2.mp3 | context-411_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Beneath the lu-gal ("great man" or king), all members of society belonged to one of two basic strata: The "lu" or free person, and the slave (male, arad; female geme). | Beneath the lu-gal ("great man" or king), all members of society belonged to one of two basic strata: The "lu" or free person, and the slave (male, arad; female geme). | question-411_14_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Who was at the top of the power pyramid in Sumerian society? |
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5730b14b069b531400832271 | Sumer | The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating... | What were the most important discoveries for archaeologists from Sumer? | {
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"... | context-411_15_1.mp3 | context-411_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating pieces of literature both in the form of poetic epics and stories as well as prayers and laws. | Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating pieces of literature both in the form of poetic epics and stories as well as prayers and laws. | question-411_15_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What is Sumerian writing considered to be in the development of man's ability to create literature? |
5730b14b069b531400832273 | Sumer | The most important archaeological discoveries in Sumer are a large number of tablets written in cuneiform. Sumerian writing, while proven to be not the oldest example of writing on earth, is considered to be a great milestone in the development of man's ability to not only create historical records but also in creating... | What followed cuneiform in writing? | {
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"t... | context-411_15_2.mp3 | context-411_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Although pictures — that is, hieroglyphs — were first used, cuneiform and then Ideograms (where symbols were made to represent ideas) soon followed. | Although pictures -- that is, hieroglyphs -- were first used, cuneiform and then Ideograms (where symbols were made to represent ideas) soon followed. | question-411_15_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What followed cuneiform in writing? |
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"tex... | context-411_15_7.mp3 | context-411_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Sumerian continued to be the language of religion and law in Mesopotamia long after Semitic speakers had become dominant. | Sumerian continued to be the language of religion and law in Mesopotamia long after Semitic speakers had become dominant. | question-411_15_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What was the Sumerian language used for long have their civilization had diminished? |
5730b4be8ab72b1400f9c6c9 | Sumer | The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative la... | Akkadian's language can be traced to the Semitic branch of what languages? | {
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5730b4be8ab72b1400f9c6c8 | Sumer | The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative la... | Why is the Sumerian language usually thought of as a language isolate in linguistics? | {
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"t... | context-411_16_2.mp3 | context-411_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | It is an agglutinative language; in other words, morphemes ("units of meaning") are added together to create words, unlike analytic languages where morphemes are purely added together to create sentences. | It is an agglutinative language; in other words, morphemes ("units of meaning") are added together to create words, unlike analytic languages where morphemes are purely added together to create sentences. | question-411_16_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | In Sumerian, what are morphemes added together to create? |
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5730b5b4069b531400832295 | Sumer | Sumerian religion seems to have been founded upon two separate cosmogenic myths. The first saw creation as the result of a series of hieros gami or sacred marriages, involving the reconciliation of opposites, postulated as a coming together of male and female divine beings; the gods. This continued to influence the who... | How many cosmogenic myths does the religion of the Sumerians appear to be founded upon? | {
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5730b5b4069b531400832299 | Sumer | Sumerian religion seems to have been founded upon two separate cosmogenic myths. The first saw creation as the result of a series of hieros gami or sacred marriages, involving the reconciliation of opposites, postulated as a coming together of male and female divine beings; the gods. This continued to influence the who... | Who was the Lady Sacred Mountain? | {
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5730b6398ab72b1400f9c6d2 | Sumer | These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of se... | What did the Sumerian deities form? | {
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5730b6398ab72b1400f9c6d5 | Sumer | These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of se... | Why did the gods create human beings from clay? | {
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5730b6398ab72b1400f9c6d3 | Sumer | These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of se... | What could Sumerian gods be associated with? | {
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5730b6398ab72b1400f9c6d4 | Sumer | These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of se... | What did the religious importance of city gods wax and wan with? | {
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"... | context-411_18_1.mp3 | context-411_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. | Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. | question-411_18_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What did the religious importance of city gods wax and wan with? |
5730b6398ab72b1400f9c6d6 | Sumer | These deities formed a core pantheon; there were additionally hundreds of minor ones. Sumerian gods could thus have associations with different cities, and their religious importance often waxed and waned with those cities' political power. The gods were said to have created human beings from clay for the purpose of se... | How could a citizen avoid their labor duty to their local temple? | {
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5730b6e08ab72b1400f9c6dc | Sumer | Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and veget... | What were Sumerian temples known as? | {
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5730b6e08ab72b1400f9c6dd | Sumer | Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and veget... | What was the central pond in the forecourt of a Ziggurat for? | {
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5730b6e08ab72b1400f9c6de | Sumer | Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and veget... | Who were the rooms on either side of the aisles in the temple for? | {
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5730b6e08ab72b1400f9c6df | Sumer | Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and veget... | What was the mudbrick table in the temple for? | {
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5730b6e08ab72b1400f9c6e0 | Sumer | Ziggurats (Sumerian temples) each had an individual name and consisted of a forecourt, with a central pond for purification. The temple itself had a central nave with aisles along either side. Flanking the aisles would be rooms for the priests. At one end would stand the podium and a mudbrick table for animal and veget... | Where did the Sumerians usually locate their granaries and storehouses? | {
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5730b7842461fd1900a9cfdd | Sumer | It was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along with offerings ... | What type of afterlife could Sumerians look forward to? | {
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5730b7842461fd1900a9cfdf | Sumer | It was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along with offerings ... | Where were dead Sumerians buried? | {
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5730b7842461fd1900a9cfde | Sumer | It was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along with offerings ... | What realm was guarded by gateways containing various monsters? | {
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]... | context-411_20_0.mp3 | context-411_20.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | It was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. | It was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. | question-411_20_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What realm was guarded by gateways containing various monsters? |
5730b7842461fd1900a9cfe0 | Sumer | It was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along with offerings ... | Who was Queen Puabi accompanied in death by? | {
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5730b7842461fd1900a9cfe1 | Sumer | It was believed that when people died, they would be confined to a gloomy world of Ereshkigal, whose realm was guarded by gateways with various monsters designed to prevent people entering or leaving. The dead were buried outside the city walls in graveyards where a small mound covered the corpse, along with offerings ... | What type of instrument are the Sumerians thought to have invented to use at royal funerals? | {
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5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fa | Sumer | In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals. ... By... | When do the pictograms suggest Sumerians had domesticated livestock? | {
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5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fd | Sumer | In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals. ... By... | What might be found by the side of a Sumerian house? | {
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5730b8338ab72b1400f9c6fc | Sumer | In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals. ... By... | What animal did Sumerians use primary to facilitate transportation? | {
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