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"... | context-416_54_1.mp3 | context-416_54.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | In spite of an urgent need for UAVs or drones to provide round the clock coverage for American troops during the Iraq War, the USAF did not establish a new career field for piloting them until the last year of that war and in 2014 changed its RPA training syllabus again, in the face of large aircraft losses in training... | In spite of an urgent need for UAVs or drones to provide round the clock coverage for American troops during the Iraq War, the USAF did not establish a new career field for piloting them until the last year of that war and in twenty fourteen changed its RPA training syllabus again, in the face of large aircraft losses ... | question-416_54_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | During what war the the USAF establish a new career field for piloting UAVs and drones? |
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573156ffe6313a140071ce3a | United_States_Air_Force | Many of the U.S. Air Force's formal and informal traditions are an amalgamation of those taken from the Royal Air Force (e.g., dining-ins/mess nights) or the experiences of its predecessor organizations such as the U.S. Army Air Service, U.S. Army Air Corps and the U.S. Army Air Forces. Some of these traditions range f... | Where did some of the US Air Force traditions come from? | {
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573158b9e6313a140071ce56 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force has had numerous recruiting slogans including "No One Comes Close" and Uno Ab Alto ("One From On High"). For many years, the U.S. Air Force used "Aim High" as its recruiting slogan; more recently, they have used "Cross into the Blue", "We've been waiting for you" and "Do Something Amazing", ... | What was a recent US Air Force recruiting slogan? | {
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"... | context-417_0_1.mp3 | context-417_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. | LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. | question-417_0_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What is an advantage to using LED lighting over the normal light sources? |
5730c0c0396df91900096320 | Light-emitting_diode | Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are now used in applications as di... | What does LED stand for? | {
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"te... | context-417_0_2.mp3 | context-417_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Light-emitting diodes are now used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes and lighted wallpaper. | Light-emitting diodes are now used in applications as diverse as aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes and lighted wallpaper. | question-417_0_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What does LED stand for? |
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"te... | context-417_0_3.mp3 | context-417_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | As of 2015[update], LEDs powerful enough for room lighting remain somewhat more expensive, and require more precise current and heat management, than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. | As of twenty fifteen[update], LEDs powerful enough for room lighting remain somewhat more expensive, and require more precise current and heat management, than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. | question-417_0_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Why are some people hesitant to use LED lighting? |
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5730c1d7069b531400832314 | Light-emitting_diode | Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector. Soviet inventor Oleg Losev reported creation of the first LED in 1927. His research was distributed in Soviet, German and British scientifi... | What type of detector did H.J. Round use to help him in his discovery? | {
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... | context-417_1_0.mp3 | context-417_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector. | Electroluminescence as a phenomenon was discovered in nineteen oh seven by the British experimenter H. J. Round of Marconi Labs, using a crystal of silicon carbide and a cat's-whisker detector. | question-417_1_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What type of detector did H.J. Round use to help him in his discovery? |
5730c3e8f6cb411900e24474 | Light-emitting_diode | In 1957, Braunstein further demonstrated that the rudimentary devices could be used for non-radio communication across a short distance. As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward curren... | What year was it discovered that early LED instruments could be used for non-radio communication? | {
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5730c3e8f6cb411900e24475 | Light-emitting_diode | In 1957, Braunstein further demonstrated that the rudimentary devices could be used for non-radio communication across a short distance. As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward curren... | Who discovered non-radio uses for early LED devices? | {
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"te... | context-417_2_1.mp3 | context-417_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward current of a GaAs diode. | As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward current of a GaAs diode. | question-417_2_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Who discovered non-radio uses for early LED devices? |
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... | context-417_2_1.mp3 | context-417_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward current of a GaAs diode. | As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward current of a GaAs diode. | question-417_2_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | The current in non-radio communication had to go through what type of component? |
5730c3e8f6cb411900e24477 | Light-emitting_diode | In 1957, Braunstein further demonstrated that the rudimentary devices could be used for non-radio communication across a short distance. As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward curren... | What other component was needed to detect the first current of a non-radio signal? | {
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5730c3e8f6cb411900e24478 | Light-emitting_diode | In 1957, Braunstein further demonstrated that the rudimentary devices could be used for non-radio communication across a short distance. As noted by Kroemer Braunstein".. had set up a simple optical communications link: Music emerging from a record player was used via suitable electronics to modulate the forward curren... | What final device was needed to hear the signal from the initial GaAs diode? | {
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"... | context-417_2_3.mp3 | context-417_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | This signal was fed into an audio amplifier, and played back by a loudspeaker. | This signal was fed into an audio amplifier, and played back by a loudspeaker. | question-417_2_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What final device was needed to hear the signal from the initial GaAs diode? |
5730c541f6cb411900e2447e | Light-emitting_diode | In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. By October 1961, they had demonstrated efficient light emission and signal coupling between a GaAs p-n ju... | In what state what near-infrared light emission discovered? | {
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"tex... | context-417_3_0.mp3 | context-417_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. | In September nineteen sixty-one, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (nine hundred nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. | question-417_3_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | In what state what near-infrared light emission discovered? |
5730c541f6cb411900e2447f | Light-emitting_diode | In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. By October 1961, they had demonstrated efficient light emission and signal coupling between a GaAs p-n ju... | What type of diode was used to help discover near-infrared light emission? | {
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... | context-417_3_0.mp3 | context-417_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. | In September nineteen sixty-one, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (nine hundred nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. | question-417_3_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What type of diode was used to help discover near-infrared light emission? |
5730c541f6cb411900e24480 | Light-emitting_diode | In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. By October 1961, they had demonstrated efficient light emission and signal coupling between a GaAs p-n ju... | In what year was the patent filed for the Semiconductor Radiant Diode? | {
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"... | context-417_3_2.mp3 | context-417_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | On August 8, 1962, Biard and Pittman filed a patent titled "Semiconductor Radiant Diode" based on their findings, which described a zinc diffused p–n junction LED with a spaced cathode contact to allow for efficient emission of infrared light under forward bias. | On August eight, nineteen sixty-two, Biard and Pittman filed a patent titled "Semiconductor Radiant Diode" based on their findings, which described a zinc diffused p-n junction LED with a spaced cathode contact to allow for efficient emission of infrared light under forward bias. | question-417_3_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | In what year was the patent filed for the Semiconductor Radiant Diode? |
5730c541f6cb411900e24481 | Light-emitting_diode | In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. By October 1961, they had demonstrated efficient light emission and signal coupling between a GaAs p-n ju... | What was the first practical LED? | {
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"... | context-417_3_3.mp3 | context-417_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | After establishing the priority of their work based on engineering notebooks predating submissions from G.E. Labs, RCA Research Labs, IBM Research Labs, Bell Labs, and Lincoln Lab at MIT, the U.S. patent office issued the two inventors the patent for the GaAs infrared (IR) light-emitting diode (U.S. Patent US3293513), ... | After establishing the priority of their work based on engineering notebooks predating submissions from G.E. Labs, RCA Research Labs, IBM Research Labs, Bell Labs, and Lincoln Lab at MIT, the U.S. patent office issued the two inventors the patent for the GaAs infrared (IR) light-emitting diode (U.S. Patent USthree mill... | question-417_3_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What was the first practical LED? |
5730c541f6cb411900e24482 | Light-emitting_diode | In September 1961, while working at Texas Instruments in Dallas, Texas, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered near-infrared (900 nm) light emission from a tunnel diode they had constructed on a GaAs substrate. By October 1961, they had demonstrated efficient light emission and signal coupling between a GaAs p-n ju... | The two inventors of the first practical diode were employed by what famous company? | {
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5730c6cbf6cb411900e24488 | Light-emitting_diode | The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improve... | At what global company was the first visible-spectrum LED developed? | {
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5730c6cbf6cb411900e24489 | Light-emitting_diode | The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improve... | What GE employee developed the visible-spectrum LED? | {
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5730c6cbf6cb411900e2448a | Light-emitting_diode | The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improve... | What color is associated with the visible-spectrum LED? | {
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5730c6cbf6cb411900e2448b | Light-emitting_diode | The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improve... | What color LED was later created in 1972? | {
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"... | context-417_4_2.mp3 | context-417_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improved the brightness of red and red-orange LEDs by a factor of ten in 1972. | M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improved the brightness of red and red-orange LEDs by a factor of ten in nineteen seventy-two. | question-417_4_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What color LED was later created in nineteen seventy-two? |
5730c6cbf6cb411900e2448c | Light-emitting_diode | The first visible-spectrum (red) LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak, Jr., while working at General Electric Company. Holonyak first reported his LED in the journal Applied Physics Letters on the December 1, 1962. M. George Craford, a former graduate student of Holonyak, invented the first yellow LED and improve... | What graduate student of Holonyak created the yellow LED? | {
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5730c888aca1c71400fe5ab7 | Light-emitting_diode | The first commercial LEDs were commonly used as replacements for incandescent and neon indicator lamps, and in seven-segment displays, first in expensive equipment such as laboratory and electronics test equipment, then later in such appliances as TVs, radios, telephones, calculators, as well as watches (see list of si... | What was the first commercial uses of LEDs? | {
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"t... | context-417_5_1.mp3 | context-417_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Until 1968, visible and infrared LEDs were extremely costly, in the order of US$200 per unit, and so had little practical use. | Until nineteen sixty-eight, visible and infrared LEDs were extremely costly, in the order of UStwo hundred dollars per unit, and so had little practical use. | question-417_5_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | How much did the early LEDs cost? |
5730c888aca1c71400fe5ab9 | Light-emitting_diode | The first commercial LEDs were commonly used as replacements for incandescent and neon indicator lamps, and in seven-segment displays, first in expensive equipment such as laboratory and electronics test equipment, then later in such appliances as TVs, radios, telephones, calculators, as well as watches (see list of si... | What was one use of early LED light in products? | {
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"a... | context-417_5_5.mp3 | context-417_5.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Readouts in calculators were so small that plastic lenses were built over each digit to make them legible. | Readouts in calculators were so small that plastic lenses were built over each digit to make them legible. | question-417_5_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What was one use of early LED light in products? |
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5730c888aca1c71400fe5abb | Light-emitting_diode | The first commercial LEDs were commonly used as replacements for incandescent and neon indicator lamps, and in seven-segment displays, first in expensive equipment such as laboratory and electronics test equipment, then later in such appliances as TVs, radios, telephones, calculators, as well as watches (see list of si... | In what decade were production costs greatly reduced for LEDs to enable successful commercial uses? | {
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5730f39205b4da19006bcc7e | Light-emitting_diode | The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN. In parallel, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano in Nagoya were working on developing the important GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN. Nakamura, Akasa... | What color LED was demonstrated in 1994? | {
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5730f39205b4da19006bcc81 | Light-emitting_diode | The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN. In parallel, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano in Nagoya were working on developing the important GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN. Nakamura, Akasa... | Who investigated the efficiency of high-brightness LED at Cardiff University in 1995? | {
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5730f39205b4da19006bcc82 | Light-emitting_diode | The first high-brightness blue LED was demonstrated by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation in 1994 and was based on InGaN. In parallel, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano in Nagoya were working on developing the important GaN nucleation on sapphire substrates and the demonstration of p-type doping of GaN. Nakamura, Akasa... | What substance did Barbieri use in his work with high-brightness LED? | {
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5730f7c9e6313a140071cb0c | Light-emitting_diode | A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conduct... | What converts absorbed light energy into an electric current? | {
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5730f8caa5e9cc1400cdbb55 | Light-emitting_diode | In September 2003, a new type of blue LED was demonstrated by Cree that consumes 24 mW at 20 milliamperes (mA). This produced a commercially packaged white light giving 65 lm/W at 20 mA, becoming the brightest white LED commercially available at the time, and more than four times as efficient as standard incandescents.... | In what year was a new type of blue LED produced? | {
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5730fb1b05b4da19006bccb8 | Light-emitting_diode | Since LED efficacy is inversely proportional to operating temperature, LED technology is well suited for supermarket freezer lighting. Because LEDs produce less waste heat than incandescent lamps, their use in freezers can save on refrigeration costs as well. However, they may be more susceptible to frost and snow buil... | LED efficacy is inversely proportional to what? | {
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5731085e497a881900248b1d | Light-emitting_diode | The first blue-violet LED using magnesium-doped gallium nitride was made at Stanford University in 1972 by Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines, doctoral students in materials science and engineering. At the time Maruska was on leave from RCA Laboratories, where he collaborated with Jacques Pankove on related work. In 1971, t... | What students developed the first blue-violet LED? | {
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5731085e497a881900248b1e | Light-emitting_diode | The first blue-violet LED using magnesium-doped gallium nitride was made at Stanford University in 1972 by Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines, doctoral students in materials science and engineering. At the time Maruska was on leave from RCA Laboratories, where he collaborated with Jacques Pankove on related work. In 1971, t... | What substance helped demonstrate the first blue electroluminescence? | {
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57310d75497a881900248b47 | Light-emitting_diode | In the late 1980s, key breakthroughs in GaN epitaxial growth and p-type doping ushered in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices. Building upon this foundation, Dr. Moustakas at Boston University patented a method for producing high-brightness blue LEDs using a new two-step process. Two years later, in 1993... | In what decade were breakthroughs made that brought in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices? | {
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"te... | context-417_13_2.mp3 | context-417_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | Two years later, in 1993, high-brightness blue LEDs were demonstrated again by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation using a gallium nitride growth process similar to Dr. Moustakas's. | Two years later, in nineteen ninety-three, high-brightness blue LEDs were demonstrated again by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation using a gallium nitride growth process similar to doctor Moustakas's. | question-417_13_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Who first patented a method to produce high-brightness blue LEDs? |
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573111b1e6313a140071cbe2 | Light-emitting_diode | Nakamura was awarded the 2006 Millennium Technology Prize for his invention. Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 for the invention of the blue LED. In 2015, a US court ruled that three companies (i.e. the litigants who had not previously settled out of court) that h... | What Nobel Prize did Nakamura, Amano, and Akasaki receive in 2014? | {
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573111b1e6313a140071cbe3 | Light-emitting_diode | Nakamura was awarded the 2006 Millennium Technology Prize for his invention. Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 for the invention of the blue LED. In 2015, a US court ruled that three companies (i.e. the litigants who had not previously settled out of court) that h... | What award did Nakamura receive in 2006 for his invention? | {
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573111b1e6313a140071cbe4 | Light-emitting_diode | Nakamura was awarded the 2006 Millennium Technology Prize for his invention. Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 for the invention of the blue LED. In 2015, a US court ruled that three companies (i.e. the litigants who had not previously settled out of court) that h... | How many companies did a judge say infringed on Dr. Moustakas's prior blue light patent in 2015? | {
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573112cae6313a140071cbf3 | Light-emitting_diode | By the late 1990s, blue LEDs became widely available. They have an active region consisting of one or more InGaN quantum wells sandwiched between thicker layers of GaN, called cladding layers. By varying the relative In/Ga fraction in the InGaN quantum wells, the light emission can in theory be varied from violet to am... | What LEDs are more efficient when produced from the InGaN/GaN systems than without? | {
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"te... | context-417_15_5.mp3 | context-417_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Green LEDs manufactured from the InGaN/GaN system are far more efficient and brighter than green LEDs produced with non-nitride material systems, but practical devices still exhibit efficiency too low for high-brightness applications.[citation needed] | Green LEDs manufactured from the InGaN/GaN system are far more efficient and brighter than green LEDs produced with non-nitride material systems, but practical devices still exhibit efficiency too low for high-brightness applications.[citation needed] | question-417_15_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What LEDs are more efficient when produced from the InGaN/GaN systems than without? |
573113d805b4da19006bcd56 | Light-emitting_diode | With nitrides containing aluminium, most often AlGaN and AlGaInN, even shorter wavelengths are achievable. Ultraviolet LEDs in a range of wavelengths are becoming available on the market. Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around 375–395 nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacem... | What substance does nitrides contain? | {
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"t... | context-417_16_2.mp3 | context-417_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around 375–395 nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacements for inspection of anti-counterfeiting UV watermarks in some documents and paper currencies. | Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around three hundred seventy-five-three hundred ninety-five nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacements for inspection of anti-counterfeiting UV watermarks in some documents and paper currencies. | question-417_16_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | What is the range of wavelengths for cheap UV LEDs? |
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"t... | context-417_16_3.mp3 | context-417_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Shorter-wavelength diodes, while substantially more expensive, are commercially available for wavelengths down to 240 nm. | Shorter-wavelength diodes, while substantially more expensive, are commercially available for wavelengths down to two hundred forty nm. | question-417_16_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Shorter wavelength diodes provide wavelengths as low as what? |
573113d805b4da19006bcd5a | Light-emitting_diode | With nitrides containing aluminium, most often AlGaN and AlGaInN, even shorter wavelengths are achievable. Ultraviolet LEDs in a range of wavelengths are becoming available on the market. Near-UV emitters at wavelengths around 375–395 nm are already cheap and often encountered, for example, as black light lamp replacem... | What UV wavelengths are found in sterilization devices? | {
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... | context-417_16_4.mp3 | context-417_16.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | As the photosensitivity of microorganisms approximately matches the absorption spectrum of DNA, with a peak at about 260 nm, UV LED emitting at 250–270 nm are to be expected in prospective disinfection and sterilization devices. | As the photosensitivity of microorganisms approximately matches the absorption spectrum of DNA, with a peak at about two hundred sixty nm, UV LED emitting at two hundred fifty-two hundred seventy nm are to be expected in prospective disinfection and sterilization devices. | question-417_16_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What UV wavelengths are found in sterilization devices? |
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5731162005b4da19006bcd7d | Light-emitting_diode | There are several types of multi-color white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different methods, include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between t... | What is a factor that may be different in the various types of multi-color white LEDs? | {
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5731162005b4da19006bcd7c | Light-emitting_diode | There are several types of multi-color white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different methods, include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between t... | What is one type of multi-color white LED? | {
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5731162005b4da19006bcd7f | Light-emitting_diode | There are several types of multi-color white LEDs: di-, tri-, and tetrachromatic white LEDs. Several key factors that play among these different methods, include color stability, color rendering capability, and luminous efficacy. Often, higher efficiency will mean lower color rendering, presenting a trade-off between t... | What type has the best luminous efficacy? | {
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"... | context-417_18_3.mp3 | context-417_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | For example, the dichromatic white LEDs have the best luminous efficacy (120 lm/W), but the lowest color rendering capability. | For example, the dichromatic white LEDs have the best luminous efficacy (one hundred twenty lm/W), but the lowest color rendering capability. | question-417_18_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What type has the best luminous efficacy? |
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"te... | context-417_18_5.mp3 | context-417_18.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Trichromatic white LEDs are in between, having both good luminous efficacy (>70 lm/W) and fair color rendering capability. | Trichromatic white LEDs are in between, having both good luminous efficacy (>seventy lm/W) and fair color rendering capability. | question-417_18_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What luminous efficacy does trichromatic white LEDs have? |
57311c03e6313a140071cc44 | Light-emitting_diode | Multi-color LEDs offer not merely another means to form white light but a new means to form light of different colors. Most perceivable colors can be formed by mixing different amounts of three primary colors. This allows precise dynamic color control. As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color... | Multi-color LEDs offer what else besides the formation of white light? | {
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57311c03e6313a140071cc45 | Light-emitting_diode | Multi-color LEDs offer not merely another means to form white light but a new means to form light of different colors. Most perceivable colors can be formed by mixing different amounts of three primary colors. This allows precise dynamic color control. As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color... | What problem must be solved before multi-color LEDs can play a role in the market? | {
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"t... | context-417_19_5.mp3 | context-417_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | These include that this type of LED's emission power decays exponentially with rising temperature, resulting in a substantial change in color stability. | These include that this type of LED's emission power decays exponentially with rising temperature, resulting in a substantial change in color stability. | question-417_19_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What problem must be solved before multi-color LEDs can play a role in the market? |
57311c03e6313a140071cc46 | Light-emitting_diode | Multi-color LEDs offer not merely another means to form white light but a new means to form light of different colors. Most perceivable colors can be formed by mixing different amounts of three primary colors. This allows precise dynamic color control. As more effort is devoted to investigating this method, multi-color... | What problem results when rising temperatures decays power? | {
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"te... | context-417_19_5.mp3 | context-417_19.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | These include that this type of LED's emission power decays exponentially with rising temperature, resulting in a substantial change in color stability. | These include that this type of LED's emission power decays exponentially with rising temperature, resulting in a substantial change in color stability. | question-417_19_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What problem results when rising temperatures decays power? |
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