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"... | context-424_53_4.mp3 | context-424_53.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | The barrier between private religious practices and "magic" is permeable, and Ovid gives a vivid account of rites at the fringes of the public Feralia festival that are indistinguishable from magic: an old woman squats among a circle of younger women, sews up a fish-head, smears it with pitch, then pierces and roasts i... | The barrier between private religious practices and "magic" is permeable, and Ovid gives a vivid account of rites at the fringes of the public Feralia festival that are indistinguishable from magic: an old woman squats among a circle of younger women, sews up a fish-head, smears it with pitch, then pierces and roasts i... | question-424_53_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What could public rites and magic easily become in some circumstances? |
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... | context-424_53_1.mp3 | context-424_53.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although sometimes the recipients of public rites, these were conducted outside the sacred boundary of the pomerium. | Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although sometimes the recipients of public rites, these were conducted outside the sacred boundary of the pomerium. | question-424_53_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Where was magic conducted in Rome? |
573200880fdd8d15006c66cf | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Archaeology confirms the widespread use of binding spells (defixiones), magical papyri and so-called "voodoo dolls" from a very early era. Around 250 defixiones have been recovered just from Roman Britain, in both urban and rural settings. Some seek straightforward, usually gruesome revenge, often for a lover's offense... | What science has confirmed the existence of magic use from early times? | {
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573200880fdd8d15006c66d2 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Archaeology confirms the widespread use of binding spells (defixiones), magical papyri and so-called "voodoo dolls" from a very early era. Around 250 defixiones have been recovered just from Roman Britain, in both urban and rural settings. Some seek straightforward, usually gruesome revenge, often for a lover's offense... | Until what era did spells persist in the empire? | {
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573201d7b9d445190005e717 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Rome's government, politics and religion were dominated by an educated, male, landowning military aristocracy. Approximately half Rome's population were slave or free non-citizens. Most others were plebeians, the lowest class of Roman citizens. Less than a quarter of adult males had voting rights; far fewer could actua... | What organization was Rome's official caretaker? | {
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573212f70fdd8d15006c675d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans. In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity. Most notably... | What did many Romans claim in the Republican era? | {
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573214afe99e3014001e64e2 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | By the end of the Republic, what offices were increasingly joined? | {
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573214afe99e3014001e64e3 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | What Roman figure was given wide and lifeime powers? | {
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573214afe99e3014001e64e4 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. H... | How many priesthoods was Augustus given? | {
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57321ccfb9d445190005e80f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The first and last Roman known as a living divus was Julius Caesar, who seems to have aspired to divine monarchy; he was murdered soon after. Greek allies had their own traditional cults to rulers as divine benefactors, and offered similar cult to Caesar's successor, Augustus, who accepted with the cautious proviso tha... | What Roman leader aspired to be a living god? | {
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573222f30fdd8d15006c67eb | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to... | What group was accused of starting the Great Fire of 64 AD? | {
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573222f30fdd8d15006c67ee | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to... | What was the persecution of the Christians by Rome? | {
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573222f30fdd8d15006c67ef | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | After the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, Emperor Nero accused the Christians as convenient scapegoats, who were later persecuted and killed. From that point on, Roman official policy towards Christianity tended towards persecution. During the various Imperial crises of the 3rd century, “contemporaries were predisposed to... | How did early Christians view traditional Roman cultism? | {
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57322474e99e3014001e654e | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the wake of religious riots in Egypt, the emperor Decius decreed that all subjects of the Empire must actively seek to benefit the state through witnessed and certified sacrifice to "ancestral gods" or suffer a penalty: only Jews were exempt. Decius' edict appealed to whatever common mos maiores might reunite a poli... | Which emperor decreed that all Romans must sacrifice to traditional gods? | {
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573226e1b9d445190005e83d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Valerian's first religious edict singled out Christianity as a particularly self-interested and subversive foreign cult, outlawed its assemblies and urged Christians to sacrifice to Rome's traditional gods. His second edict acknowledged a Christian threat to the Imperial system – not yet at its heart but close to it, a... | What did Valerian call the Christian religion? | {
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"... | context-424_72_3.mp3 | context-424_72.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | The next forty years were peaceful; the Christian church grew stronger and its literature and theology gained a higher social and intellectual profile, due in part to its own search for political toleration and theological coherence. | The next forty years were peaceful; the Christian church grew stronger and its literature and theology gained a higher social and intellectual profile, due in part to its own search for political toleration and theological coherence. | question-424_72_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What did the Christian church become in the years after Valerian's death? |
573228d1b9d445190005e865 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In 295, a certain Maximilian refused military service; in 298 Marcellus renounced his military oath. Both were executed for treason; both were Christians. At some time around 302, a report of ominous haruspicy in Diocletian's domus and a subsequent (but undated) dictat of placatory sacrifice by the entire military trig... | For what reason were Maximillian and Marcellus executed? | {
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"... | context-424_73_3.mp3 | context-424_73.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The first (303 AD) "ordered the destruction of church buildings and Christian texts, forbade services to be held, degraded officials who were Christians, re-enslaved imperial freedmen who were Christians, and reduced the legal rights of all Christians... | The first (three hundred three AD) "ordered the destruction of church buildings and Christian texts, forbade services to be held, degraded officials who were Christians, re-enslaved imperial freedmen who were Christians, and reduced the legal rights of all Christians... | question-424_73_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | In what year did Diocletian's edict order the destruction of Christian churches and texts? |
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