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5731d079e99e3014001e62dc
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Vestals were a public priesthood of six women devoted to the cultivation of Vesta, goddess of the hearth of the Roman state and its vital flame. A girl chosen to be a Vestal achieved unique religious distinction, public status and privileges, and could exercise considerable political influence. Upon entering her of...
Of what were the Vestals protectors?
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context-424_33_0.mp3
context-424_33.mp3
22,050
Salli
The Vestals were a public priesthood of six women devoted to the cultivation of Vesta, goddess of the hearth of the Roman state and its vital flame.
The Vestals were a public priesthood of six women devoted to the cultivation of Vesta, goddess of the hearth of the Roman state and its vital flame.
question-424_33_2.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Of what were the Vestals protectors?
5731d079e99e3014001e62dd
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Vestals were a public priesthood of six women devoted to the cultivation of Vesta, goddess of the hearth of the Roman state and its vital flame. A girl chosen to be a Vestal achieved unique religious distinction, public status and privileges, and could exercise considerable political influence. Upon entering her of...
What was the benefit of being a Vestal?
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context-424_33_1.mp3
context-424_33.mp3
22,050
Salli
A girl chosen to be a Vestal achieved unique religious distinction, public status and privileges, and could exercise considerable political influence.
A girl chosen to be a Vestal achieved unique religious distinction, public status and privileges, and could exercise considerable political influence.
question-424_33_3.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What was the benefit of being a Vestal?
5731d079e99e3014001e62de
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Vestals were a public priesthood of six women devoted to the cultivation of Vesta, goddess of the hearth of the Roman state and its vital flame. A girl chosen to be a Vestal achieved unique religious distinction, public status and privileges, and could exercise considerable political influence. Upon entering her of...
To whom did the Vestal answer?
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context-424_33_3.mp3
context-424_33.mp3
22,050
Salli
In archaic Roman society, these priestesses were the only women not required to be under the legal guardianship of a man, instead answering directly to the Pontifex Maximus.
In archaic Roman society, these priestesses were the only women not required to be under the legal guardianship of a man, instead answering directly to the Pontifex Maximus.
question-424_33_4.mp3
22,050
Justin
To whom did the Vestal answer?
5731d21ae99e3014001e62f6
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastit...
What vow was required of Vestals?
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context-424_34_1.mp3
context-424_34.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastity that was strictly enforced: a Vestal polluted by the loss of her chastity while in office was buried alive.
Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastity that was strictly enforced: a Vestal polluted by the loss of her chastity while in office was buried alive.
question-424_34_0.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What vow was required of Vestals?
5731d21ae99e3014001e62f9
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastit...
How were the Vestals' devotion to Rome's security viewed to be ?
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context-424_34_2.mp3
context-424_34.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.
Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.
question-424_34_1.mp3
22,050
Kevin
How were the Vestals' devotion to Rome's security viewed to be ?
5731d21ae99e3014001e62f7
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastit...
What was the punishment for the loss of a Vestal's chastity?
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context-424_34_1.mp3
context-424_34.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastity that was strictly enforced: a Vestal polluted by the loss of her chastity while in office was buried alive.
Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastity that was strictly enforced: a Vestal polluted by the loss of her chastity while in office was buried alive.
question-424_34_2.mp3
22,050
Brian
What was the punishment for the loss of a Vestal's chastity?
5731d21ae99e3014001e62f8
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastit...
What was a Vestal expected to be to her duties?
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context-424_34_2.mp3
context-424_34.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.
Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.
question-424_34_3.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What was a Vestal expected to be to her duties?
5731d21ae99e3014001e62fa
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastit...
What was the honor granted a Vestal ?
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context-424_34_2.mp3
context-424_34.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.
Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.
question-424_34_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
What was the honor granted a Vestal ?
5731d3b3e17f3d140042245d
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festi...
Where could a householder rekindle the home's flame?
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context-424_35_1.mp3
context-424_35.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame.
Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame.
question-424_35_0.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Where could a householder rekindle the home's flame?
5731d3b3e17f3d140042245e
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festi...
For what state artifacts did the Vestals care?
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context-424_35_2.mp3
context-424_35.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home.
The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home.
question-424_35_1.mp3
22,050
Joey
For what state artifacts did the Vestals care?
5731d3b3e17f3d140042245f
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festi...
What was the Vestal festival called?
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context-424_35_3.mp3
context-424_35.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Besides their own festival of Vestalia, they participated directly in the rites of Parilia, Parentalia and Fordicidia.
Besides their own festival of Vestalia, they participated directly in the rites of Parilia, Parentalia and Fordicidia.
question-424_35_2.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What was the Vestal festival called?
5731d3b3e17f3d1400422460
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festi...
To what part of official state sacrifices did the Vestals attend?
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context-424_35_4.mp3
context-424_35.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation.
Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation.
question-424_35_3.mp3
22,050
Justin
To what part of official state sacrifices did the Vestals attend?
5731d3b3e17f3d1400422461
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festi...
What was the nature of the role of the Vestals in state sacrifices?
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context-424_35_4.mp3
context-424_35.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation.
Indirectly, they played a role in every official sacrifice; among their duties was the preparation of the mola salsa, the salted flour that was sprinkled on every sacrificial victim as part of its immolation.
question-424_35_4.mp3
22,050
Amy
What was the nature of the role of the Vestals in state sacrifices?
5731d546e99e3014001e6312
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well...
What group's status was improved by Augustus' religious reforms?
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context-424_36_0.mp3
context-424_36.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals.
Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals.
question-424_36_0.mp3
22,050
Salli
What group's status was improved by Augustus' religious reforms?
5731d546e99e3014001e6313
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well...
What advantage was there in being a Vestal at games?
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context-424_36_1.mp3
context-424_36.mp3
22,050
Joanna
They were given high-status seating at games and theatres.
They were given high-status seating at games and theatres.
question-424_36_1.mp3
22,050
Justin
What advantage was there in being a Vestal at games?
5731d546e99e3014001e6314
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well...
For whose cult were the Vestals appointed as priestesses?
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context-424_36_2.mp3
context-424_36.mp3
22,050
Joanna
The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus.
The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus.
question-424_36_2.mp3
22,050
Kendra
For whose cult were the Vestals appointed as priestesses?
5731d546e99e3014001e6315
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well...
Until what time did the Vestal retain their social distinctions?
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context-424_36_3.mp3
context-424_36.mp3
22,050
Joanna
They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well into the 4th century, after political power within the Empire had shifted to the Christians.
They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well into the fourth century, after political power within the Empire had shifted to the Christians.
question-424_36_3.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Until what time did the Vestal retain their social distinctions?
5731d546e99e3014001e6316
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Augustus' religious reformations raised the funding and public profile of the Vestals. They were given high-status seating at games and theatres. The emperor Claudius appointed them as priestesses to the cult of the deified Livia, wife of Augustus. They seem to have retained their religious and social distinctions well...
Which emperor disbanded the Vestals?
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context-424_36_5.mp3
context-424_36.mp3
22,050
Joanna
His successor Theodosius I extinguished Vesta's sacred fire and vacated her temple.
His successor Theodosius I extinguished Vesta's sacred fire and vacated her temple.
question-424_36_4.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Which emperor disbanded the Vestals?
5731d6d4e99e3014001e631c
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur. The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building. Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himsel...
In what area did public rites take place in Rome?
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context-424_37_0.mp3
context-424_37.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur.
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur.
question-424_37_0.mp3
22,050
Brian
In what area did public rites take place in Rome?
5731d6d4e99e3014001e631d
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur. The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building. Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himsel...
What person marked the religious area ritually?
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context-424_37_0.mp3
context-424_37.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur.
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur.
question-424_37_1.mp3
22,050
Brian
What person marked the religious area ritually?
5731d6d4e99e3014001e631e
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur. The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building. Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himsel...
What was the original meaning of the templum in Latin?
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context-424_37_1.mp3
context-424_37.mp3
22,050
Ivy
The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building.
The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building.
question-424_37_2.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What was the original meaning of the templum in Latin?
5731d6d4e99e3014001e631f
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur. The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building. Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himsel...
Who designated the first boundary of Rome?
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context-424_37_2.mp3
context-424_37.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himself with oxen and plough; what lay within was the earthly home and protectorate of the gods of the state.
Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himself with oxen and plough; what lay within was the earthly home and protectorate of the gods of the state.
question-424_37_3.mp3
22,050
Brian
Who designated the first boundary of Rome?
5731d6d4e99e3014001e6320
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur. The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building. Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himsel...
What did augers seek to understand through observances?
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context-424_37_4.mp3
context-424_37.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Magistrates sought divine opinion of proposed official acts through an augur, who read the divine will through observations made within the templum before, during and after an act of sacrifice.
Magistrates sought divine opinion of proposed official acts through an augur, who read the divine will through observations made within the templum before, during and after an act of sacrifice.
question-424_37_4.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What did augers seek to understand through observances?
5731d97fe99e3014001e632e
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Haruspicy was also used in public cult, under the supervision of the augur or presiding magistrate. The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver. They also interpreted omens, prodigies and portents, and formulated their expiation. Most Roman authors...
What process did haruspicy use to divine the will of the gods?
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context-424_38_1.mp3
context-424_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver.
The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver.
question-424_38_0.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What process did haruspicy use to divine the will of the gods?
5731d97fe99e3014001e632f
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Haruspicy was also used in public cult, under the supervision of the augur or presiding magistrate. The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver. They also interpreted omens, prodigies and portents, and formulated their expiation. Most Roman authors...
Which of the entrails was especially important to augury?
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context-424_38_1.mp3
context-424_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver.
The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver.
question-424_38_1.mp3
22,050
Emma
Which of the entrails was especially important to augury?
5731d97fe99e3014001e6330
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Haruspicy was also used in public cult, under the supervision of the augur or presiding magistrate. The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver. They also interpreted omens, prodigies and portents, and formulated their expiation. Most Roman authors...
To which group can haruspicy to traced?
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context-424_38_3.mp3
context-424_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
Most Roman authors describe haruspicy as an ancient, ethnically Etruscan "outsider" religious profession, separate from Rome's internal and largely unpaid priestly hierarchy, essential but never quite respectable.
Most Roman authors describe haruspicy as an ancient, ethnically Etruscan "outsider" religious profession, separate from Rome's internal and largely unpaid priestly hierarchy, essential but never quite respectable.
question-424_38_2.mp3
22,050
Kevin
To which group can haruspicy to traced?
5731d97fe99e3014001e6331
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Haruspicy was also used in public cult, under the supervision of the augur or presiding magistrate. The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver. They also interpreted omens, prodigies and portents, and formulated their expiation. Most Roman authors...
What type of private individual had several generals and politicians used to validate their actions?
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context-424_38_4.mp3
context-424_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
During the mid-to-late Republic, the reformist Gaius Gracchus, the populist politician-general Gaius Marius and his antagonist Sulla, and the "notorious Verres" justified their very different policies by the divinely inspired utterances of private diviners.
During the mid-to-late Republic, the reformist Gaius Gracchus, the populist politician-general Gaius Marius and his antagonist Sulla, and the "notorious Verres" justified their very different policies by the divinely inspired utterances of private diviners.
question-424_38_3.mp3
22,050
Justin
What type of private individual had several generals and politicians used to validate their actions?
5731d97fe99e3014001e6332
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Haruspicy was also used in public cult, under the supervision of the augur or presiding magistrate. The haruspices divined the will of the gods through examination of entrails after sacrifice, particularly the liver. They also interpreted omens, prodigies and portents, and formulated their expiation. Most Roman authors...
What type of diviners did the armies use to determine the will of the gods?
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context-424_38_5.mp3
context-424_38.mp3
22,050
Emma
The senate and armies used the public haruspices: at some time during the late Republic, the Senate decreed that Roman boys of noble family be sent to Etruria for training in haruspicy and divination.
The senate and armies used the public haruspices: at some time during the late Republic, the Senate decreed that Roman boys of noble family be sent to Etruria for training in haruspicy and divination.
question-424_38_4.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What type of diviners did the armies use to determine the will of the gods?
5731daede99e3014001e6342
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for rit...
What were considered to be natural transgressions by the Romans?
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context-424_39_0.mp3
context-424_39.mp3
22,050
Salli
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune.
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos - signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune.
question-424_39_0.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What were considered to be natural transgressions by the Romans?
5731daede99e3014001e6344
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for rit...
Of what were prodigies predictors?
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context-424_39_0.mp3
context-424_39.mp3
22,050
Salli
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune.
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos - signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune.
question-424_39_1.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Of what were prodigies predictors?
5731daede99e3014001e6343
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for rit...
What did prodigies show the Romans?
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context-424_39_0.mp3
context-424_39.mp3
22,050
Salli
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune.
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos - signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune.
question-424_39_2.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What did prodigies show the Romans?
5731daede99e3014001e6345
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for rit...
What did the expiation of a prodigy impose?
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context-424_39_2.mp3
context-424_39.mp3
22,050
Salli
In 207 BC, during one of the Punic Wars' worst crises, the Senate dealt with an unprecedented number of confirmed prodigies whose expiation would have involved "at least twenty days" of dedicated rites.
In two hundred seven BC, during one of the Punic Wars' worst crises, the Senate dealt with an unprecedented number of confirmed prodigies whose expiation would have involved "at least twenty days" of dedicated rites.
question-424_39_3.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What did the expiation of a prodigy impose?
5731daede99e3014001e6346
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for rit...
What group determined the truth of a prodigy?
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context-424_39_1.mp3
context-424_39.mp3
22,050
Salli
The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for ritual expiation.
The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for ritual expiation.
question-424_39_4.mp3
22,050
Joey
What group determined the truth of a prodigy?
5731e68eb9d445190005e63d
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio. The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains ...
What author wrote of disaster prodigies?
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context-424_40_0.mp3
context-424_40.mp3
22,050
Salli
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio.
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio.
question-424_40_0.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What author wrote of disaster prodigies?
5731e68eb9d445190005e63f
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio. The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains ...
What type of sacrifices were required to expiate the minor prodigies ?
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context-424_40_2.mp3
context-424_40.mp3
22,050
Salli
The minor prodigies were less warlike but equally unnatural; sheep become goats, a hen become a cock (and vice versa) – these were expiated with "lesser victims".
The minor prodigies were less warlike but equally unnatural; sheep become goats, a hen become a cock (and vice versa) - these were expiated with "lesser victims".
question-424_40_1.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What type of sacrifices were required to expiate the minor prodigies ?
5731e68eb9d445190005e63e
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio. The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains ...
Of what did the greater prodigies require in sacrifice?
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context-424_40_1.mp3
context-424_40.mp3
22,050
Salli
The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains and on ears of corn: all were expiated by sacrifice of "greater victi...
The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains and on ears of corn: all were expiated by sacrifice of "greater victi...
question-424_40_2.mp3
22,050
Amy
Of what did the greater prodigies require in sacrifice?
5731e68eb9d445190005e641
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio. The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains ...
Of what did Livy think the prodigies proved about Roman religion?
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context-424_40_0.mp3
context-424_40.mp3
22,050
Salli
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio.
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio.
question-424_40_3.mp3
22,050
Justin
Of what did Livy think the prodigies proved about Roman religion?
5731e68eb9d445190005e640
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio. The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains ...
What is the only proof of religious success over prodigies?
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context-424_40_4.mp3
context-424_40.mp3
22,050
Salli
Religious restitution is proved only by Rome's victory.
Religious restitution is proved only by Rome's victory.
question-424_40_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
What is the only proof of religious success over prodigies?
5731e806b9d445190005e651
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votiv...
From what source does information of Roman thought about the afterlife come?
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context-424_41_0.mp3
context-424_41.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy.
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy.
question-424_41_0.mp3
22,050
Amy
From what source does information of Roman thought about the afterlife come?
5731e806b9d445190005e652
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votiv...
What type of practices were those affecting the care of the dead?
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context-424_41_1.mp3
context-424_41.mp3
22,050
Olivia
The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion.
The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion.
question-424_41_1.mp3
22,050
Justin
What type of practices were those affecting the care of the dead?
5731e806b9d445190005e653
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votiv...
What did the ancient Romans expect after death?
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context-424_41_2.mp3
context-424_41.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Ancient votive deposits to the noble dead of Latium and Rome suggest elaborate and costly funeral offerings and banquets in the company of the deceased, an expectation of afterlife and their association with the gods.
Ancient votive deposits to the noble dead of Latium and Rome suggest elaborate and costly funeral offerings and banquets in the company of the deceased, an expectation of afterlife and their association with the gods.
question-424_41_2.mp3
22,050
Emma
What did the ancient Romans expect after death?
5731e806b9d445190005e654
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votiv...
With whom did the early Romans expect to associate?
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context-424_41_2.mp3
context-424_41.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Ancient votive deposits to the noble dead of Latium and Rome suggest elaborate and costly funeral offerings and banquets in the company of the deceased, an expectation of afterlife and their association with the gods.
Ancient votive deposits to the noble dead of Latium and Rome suggest elaborate and costly funeral offerings and banquets in the company of the deceased, an expectation of afterlife and their association with the gods.
question-424_41_3.mp3
22,050
Brian
With whom did the early Romans expect to associate?
5731e806b9d445190005e655
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votiv...
What did later Romans invest in rather than grave offerings?
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context-424_41_3.mp3
context-424_41.mp3
22,050
Olivia
As Roman society developed, its Republican nobility tended to invest less in spectacular funerals and extravagant housing for their dead, and more on monumental endowments to the community, such as the donation of a temple or public building whose donor was commemorated by his statue and inscribed name.
As Roman society developed, its Republican nobility tended to invest less in spectacular funerals and extravagant housing for their dead, and more on monumental endowments to the community, such as the donation of a temple or public building whose donor was commemorated by his statue and inscribed name.
question-424_41_4.mp3
22,050
Joey
What did later Romans invest in rather than grave offerings?
5731ea07b9d445190005e679
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context. In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation. The dead consumed their portion in the flames of the pyre, Ceres her portion through the flame of her altar, and the family at the site of the...
What type of rites varied in accordance with status and religion?
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context-424_42_0.mp3
context-424_42.mp3
22,050
Joey
Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context.
Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context.
question-424_42_0.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What type of rites varied in accordance with status and religion?
5731ea07b9d445190005e67a
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context. In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation. The dead consumed their portion in the flames of the pyre, Ceres her portion through the flame of her altar, and the family at the site of the...
What was the grave sacrifice in Cicero's time?
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context-424_42_1.mp3
context-424_42.mp3
22,050
Joey
In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation.
In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation.
question-424_42_1.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What was the grave sacrifice in Cicero's time?
5731ea07b9d445190005e67b
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context. In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation. The dead consumed their portion in the flames of the pyre, Ceres her portion through the flame of her altar, and the family at the site of the...
What class gave only wine and food as a grave offering?
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context-424_42_3.mp3
context-424_42.mp3
22,050
Joey
For the less well-off, inhumation with "a libation of wine, incense, and fruit or crops was sufficient".
For the less well-off, inhumation with "a libation of wine, incense, and fruit or crops was sufficient".
question-424_42_2.mp3
22,050
Justin
What class gave only wine and food as a grave offering?
5731ea07b9d445190005e67c
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context. In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation. The dead consumed their portion in the flames of the pyre, Ceres her portion through the flame of her altar, and the family at the site of the...
What was the multi day of remembrance for the dead?
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context-424_42_7.mp3
context-424_42.mp3
22,050
Joey
They had become one of the di Manes, who were collectively celebrated and appeased at the Parentalia, a multi-day festival of remembrance in February.
They had become one of the di Manes, who were collectively celebrated and appeased at the Parentalia, a multi-day festival of remembrance in February.
question-424_42_3.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What was the multi day of remembrance for the dead?
5731ea07b9d445190005e67d
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Funeral and commemorative rites varied according to wealth, status and religious context. In Cicero's time, the better-off sacrificed a sow at the funeral pyre before cremation. The dead consumed their portion in the flames of the pyre, Ceres her portion through the flame of her altar, and the family at the site of the...
What goddess was an intermediary between the dead and the living?
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context-424_42_4.mp3
context-424_42.mp3
22,050
Joey
Ceres functioned as an intermediary between the realms of the living and the dead: the deceased had not yet fully passed to the world of the dead and could share a last meal with the living.
Ceres functioned as an intermediary between the realms of the living and the dead: the deceased had not yet fully passed to the world of the dead and could share a last meal with the living.
question-424_42_4.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What goddess was an intermediary between the dead and the living?
5731ec3db9d445190005e6a1
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica. The customary offers of wi...
What group's burial practices over-lapped with the Roman's?
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context-424_43_0.mp3
context-424_43.mp3
22,050
Kevin
In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped.
In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped.
question-424_43_0.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What group's burial practices over-lapped with the Roman's?
5731ec3db9d445190005e6a2
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica. The customary offers of wi...
What items were shared among Christian and non- Christians?
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context-424_43_1.mp3
context-424_43.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica.
Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica.
question-424_43_1.mp3
22,050
Salli
What items were shared among Christian and non- Christians?
5731ec3db9d445190005e6a3
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica. The customary offers of wi...
What did St Augustine believe that funeral feasts gave an opportunity for?
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context-424_43_2.mp3
context-424_43.mp3
22,050
Kevin
The customary offers of wine and food to the dead continued; St Augustine (following St Ambrose) feared that this invited the "drunken" practices of Parentalia but commended funeral feasts as a Christian opportunity to give alms of food to the poor.
The customary offers of wine and food to the dead continued; St Augustine (following St Ambrose) feared that this invited the "drunken" practices of Parentalia but commended funeral feasts as a Christian opportunity to give alms of food to the poor.
question-424_43_2.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What did St Augustine believe that funeral feasts gave an opportunity for?
5731ec3db9d445190005e6a4
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica. The customary offers of wi...
When was Christian attendance at Parentalia become forbidden by the Christians?
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context-424_43_3.mp3
context-424_43.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Christians attended Parentalia and its accompanying Feralia and Caristia in sufficient numbers for the Council of Tours to forbid them in AD 567.
Christians attended Parentalia and its accompanying Feralia and Caristia in sufficient numbers for the Council of Tours to forbid them in AD five hundred sixty-seven.
question-424_43_3.mp3
22,050
Kevin
When was Christian attendance at Parentalia become forbidden by the Christians?
5731ec3db9d445190005e6a5
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the later Imperial era, the burial and commemorative practises of Christian and non-Christians overlapped. Tombs were shared by Christian and non-Christian family members, and the traditional funeral rites and feast of novemdialis found a part-match in the Christian Constitutio Apostolica. The customary offers of wi...
How did the Romans view the corpse of the dead?
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context-424_43_5.mp3
context-424_43.mp3
22,050
Kevin
Traditional Roman practice spurned the corpse as a ritual pollution; inscriptions noted the day of birth and duration of life.
Traditional Roman practice spurned the corpse as a ritual pollution; inscriptions noted the day of birth and duration of life.
question-424_43_4.mp3
22,050
Joey
How did the Romans view the corpse of the dead?
5731ed92e99e3014001e63d8
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature. The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front. A small building behind housed the legionary standards, the divine images used in religious rites and in the Imperia...
How were Roman camps laid out?
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context-424_44_0.mp3
context-424_44.mp3
22,050
Emma
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.
question-424_44_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
How were Roman camps laid out?
5731ed92e99e3014001e63d9
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature. The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front. A small building behind housed the legionary standards, the divine images used in religious rites and in the Imperia...
For what purpose were Roman camps arranged?
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context-424_44_0.mp3
context-424_44.mp3
22,050
Emma
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.
question-424_44_1.mp3
22,050
Joanna
For what purpose were Roman camps arranged?
5731ed92e99e3014001e63da
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature. The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front. A small building behind housed the legionary standards, the divine images used in religious rites and in the Imperia...
Of what were Roman camps diminutive versions?
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context-424_44_0.mp3
context-424_44.mp3
22,050
Emma
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature.
question-424_44_2.mp3
22,050
Emma
Of what were Roman camps diminutive versions?
5731ed92e99e3014001e63db
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature. The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front. A small building behind housed the legionary standards, the divine images used in religious rites and in the Imperia...
What was in the center of each Roman camp?
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context-424_44_1.mp3
context-424_44.mp3
22,050
Emma
The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front.
The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front.
question-424_44_3.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What was in the center of each Roman camp?
5731ed92e99e3014001e63dc
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature. The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front. A small building behind housed the legionary standards, the divine images used in religious rites and in the Imperia...
What does the religious rites performed before battle suggest that the camp has become?
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context-424_44_6.mp3
context-424_44.mp3
22,050
Emma
The perimeter procession and sacrifice suggest the entire camp as a divine templum; all within are purified and protected.
The perimeter procession and sacrifice suggest the entire camp as a divine templum; all within are purified and protected.
question-424_44_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
What does the religious rites performed before battle suggest that the camp has become?
5731ef6b0fdd8d15006c6675
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Each camp had its own religious personnel; standard bearers, priestly officers and their assistants, including a haruspex, and housekeepers of shrines and images. A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured...
What type of personnel did every camp have?
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context-424_45_0.mp3
context-424_45.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Each camp had its own religious personnel; standard bearers, priestly officers and their assistants, including a haruspex, and housekeepers of shrines and images.
Each camp had its own religious personnel; standard bearers, priestly officers and their assistants, including a haruspex, and housekeepers of shrines and images.
question-424_45_0.mp3
22,050
Brian
What type of personnel did every camp have?
5731ef6b0fdd8d15006c6676
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Each camp had its own religious personnel; standard bearers, priestly officers and their assistants, including a haruspex, and housekeepers of shrines and images. A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured...
What officer headed the religious personnel of a Roman camp?
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context-424_45_1.mp3
context-424_45.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured that every citizen-soldier knew his duty.
A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured that every citizen-soldier knew his duty.
question-424_45_1.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What officer headed the religious personnel of a Roman camp?
5731ef6b0fdd8d15006c6677
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Each camp had its own religious personnel; standard bearers, priestly officers and their assistants, including a haruspex, and housekeepers of shrines and images. A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured...
In the Imperial era, what cult did legionnaires follow?
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context-424_45_3.mp3
context-424_45.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
From the earliest Imperial era, citizen legionaries and provincial auxiliaries gave cult to the emperor and his familia on Imperial accessions, anniversaries and their renewal of annual vows.
From the earliest Imperial era, citizen legionaries and provincial auxiliaries gave cult to the emperor and his familia on Imperial accessions, anniversaries and their renewal of annual vows.
question-424_45_2.mp3
22,050
Amy
In the Imperial era, what cult did legionnaires follow?
5731ef6b0fdd8d15006c6678
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Each camp had its own religious personnel; standard bearers, priestly officers and their assistants, including a haruspex, and housekeepers of shrines and images. A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured...
Even in other places, of what did the legions keep observance?
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context-424_45_4.mp3
context-424_45.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
They celebrated Rome's official festivals in absentia, and had the official triads appropriate to their function – in the Empire, Jupiter, Victoria and Concordia were typical.
They celebrated Rome's official festivals in absentia, and had the official triads appropriate to their function - in the Empire, Jupiter, Victoria and Concordia were typical.
question-424_45_3.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Even in other places, of what did the legions keep observance?
5731ef6b0fdd8d15006c6679
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Each camp had its own religious personnel; standard bearers, priestly officers and their assistants, including a haruspex, and housekeepers of shrines and images. A senior magistrate-commander (sometimes even a consul) headed it, his chain of subordinates ran it and a ferocious system of training and discipline ensured...
What person was considered to be "Mother of the camp''?
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context-424_45_5.mp3
context-424_45.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
By the early Severan era, the military also offered cult to the Imperial divi, the current emperor's numen, genius and domus (or familia), and special cult to the Empress as "mother of the camp." The near ubiquitous legionary shrines to Mithras of the later Imperial era were not part of official cult until Mithras was ...
By the early Severan era, the military also offered cult to the Imperial divi, the current emperor's numen, genius and domus (or familia), and special cult to the Empress as "mother of the camp." The near ubiquitous legionary shrines to Mithras of the later Imperial era were not part of official cult until Mithras was ...
question-424_45_4.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What person was considered to be "Mother of the camp''?
5731f0ffe99e3014001e63ec
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods. Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same...
What was a Roman general's most extreme offering?
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context-424_46_0.mp3
context-424_46.mp3
22,050
Brian
The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods.
The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods.
question-424_46_0.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What was a Roman general's most extreme offering?
5731f0ffe99e3014001e63ed
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods. Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same...
What Roman general had a dream of his fate in battle?
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context-424_46_1.mp3
context-424_46.mp3
22,050
Brian
Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same name, also devoted themselves.
Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same name, also devoted themselves.
question-424_46_1.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What Roman general had a dream of his fate in battle?
5731f0ffe99e3014001e63ee
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods. Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same...
With what does the devotio link to military ethics?
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context-424_46_7.mp3
context-424_46.mp3
22,050
Brian
The act of devotio is a link between military ethics and those of the Roman gladiator.
The act of devotio is a link between military ethics and those of the Roman gladiator.
question-424_46_2.mp3
22,050
Amy
With what does the devotio link to military ethics?
5731f0ffe99e3014001e63ef
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods. Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same...
By dying what did Decius avoid for the battle?
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context-424_46_6.mp3
context-424_46.mp3
22,050
Brian
Had he failed to die, his sacrificial offering would have been tainted and therefore void, with possibly disastrous consequences.
Had he failed to die, his sacrificial offering would have been tainted and therefore void, with possibly disastrous consequences.
question-424_46_3.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
By dying what did Decius avoid for the battle?
5731f0ffe99e3014001e63f0
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods. Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same...
Who wrote a detailed account of the demise of Decius Mus?
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context-424_46_1.mp3
context-424_46.mp3
22,050
Brian
Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same name, also devoted themselves.
Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same name, also devoted themselves.
question-424_46_4.mp3
22,050
Justin
Who wrote a detailed account of the demise of Decius Mus?
5731f24bb9d445190005e6d3
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The efforts of military commanders to channel the divine will were on occasion less successful. In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, ...
What general was consul in 249 BC?
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context-424_47_1.mp3
context-424_47.mp3
22,050
Kendra
In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, he threw them into the sea, "saying that they might drink, since they would not eat.
In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul two hundred forty-nine BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, he threw them into the sea, "saying that they might drink, since they would n...
question-424_47_0.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What general was consul in two hundred forty-nine BC?
5731f24bb9d445190005e6d4
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The efforts of military commanders to channel the divine will were on occasion less successful. In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, ...
What type of campaign did Publius fight?
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context-424_47_1.mp3
context-424_47.mp3
22,050
Kendra
In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, he threw them into the sea, "saying that they might drink, since they would not eat.
In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul two hundred forty-nine BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, he threw them into the sea, "saying that they might drink, since they would n...
question-424_47_1.mp3
22,050
Brian
What type of campaign did Publius fight?
5731f24bb9d445190005e6d5
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The efforts of military commanders to channel the divine will were on occasion less successful. In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, ...
What was Publius's critical mistake in his sea campaign?
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context-424_47_1.mp3
context-424_47.mp3
22,050
Kendra
In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, he threw them into the sea, "saying that they might drink, since they would not eat.
In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul two hundred forty-nine BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, he threw them into the sea, "saying that they might drink, since they would n...
question-424_47_2.mp3
22,050
Joey
What was Publius's critical mistake in his sea campaign?
5731f24bb9d445190005e6d6
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The efforts of military commanders to channel the divine will were on occasion less successful. In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, ...
How did Publius fare in his battle?
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context-424_47_2.mp3
context-424_47.mp3
22,050
Kendra
He was defeated, and on being bidden by the senate to appoint a dictator, he appointed his messenger Glycias, as if again making a jest of his country's peril." His impiety not only lost the battle but ruined his career.
He was defeated, and on being bidden by the senate to appoint a dictator, he appointed his messenger Glycias, as if again making a jest of his country's peril." His impiety not only lost the battle but ruined his career.
question-424_47_3.mp3
22,050
Matthew
How did Publius fare in his battle?
5731f24bb9d445190005e6d7
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The efforts of military commanders to channel the divine will were on occasion less successful. In the early days of Rome's war against Carthage, the commander Publius Claudius Pulcher (consul 249 BC) launched a sea campaign "though the sacred chickens would not eat when he took the auspices." In defiance of the omen, ...
What was the cause of Publius's failures according to Roman feeling?
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context-424_47_2.mp3
context-424_47.mp3
22,050
Kendra
He was defeated, and on being bidden by the senate to appoint a dictator, he appointed his messenger Glycias, as if again making a jest of his country's peril." His impiety not only lost the battle but ruined his career.
He was defeated, and on being bidden by the senate to appoint a dictator, he appointed his messenger Glycias, as if again making a jest of his country's peril." His impiety not only lost the battle but ruined his career.
question-424_47_4.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What was the cause of Publius's failures according to Roman feeling?
5731f389e99e3014001e6414
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman women were present at most festivals and cult observances. Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited. As a rule women did not perform animal sacrifice, the central rite of most major public ceremonies. In addition to the public priesthood of the Vestals, ...
What was the amount of participation by women in religious observances?
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context-424_48_1.mp3
context-424_48.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited.
Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited.
question-424_48_0.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What was the amount of participation by women in religious observances?
5731f389e99e3014001e6415
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman women were present at most festivals and cult observances. Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited. As a rule women did not perform animal sacrifice, the central rite of most major public ceremonies. In addition to the public priesthood of the Vestals, ...
What religious act did women not perform?
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context-424_48_2.mp3
context-424_48.mp3
22,050
Matthew
As a rule women did not perform animal sacrifice, the central rite of most major public ceremonies.
As a rule women did not perform animal sacrifice, the central rite of most major public ceremonies.
question-424_48_1.mp3
22,050
Kevin
What religious act did women not perform?
5731f389e99e3014001e6416
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman women were present at most festivals and cult observances. Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited. As a rule women did not perform animal sacrifice, the central rite of most major public ceremonies. In addition to the public priesthood of the Vestals, ...
What priesthood was reserved solely for women?
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context-424_48_3.mp3
context-424_48.mp3
22,050
Matthew
In addition to the public priesthood of the Vestals, some cult practices were reserved for women only.
In addition to the public priesthood of the Vestals, some cult practices were reserved for women only.
question-424_48_2.mp3
22,050
Joey
What priesthood was reserved solely for women?
5731f389e99e3014001e6417
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman women were present at most festivals and cult observances. Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited. As a rule women did not perform animal sacrifice, the central rite of most major public ceremonies. In addition to the public priesthood of the Vestals, ...
What Roman rites excluded men?
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context-424_48_4.mp3
context-424_48.mp3
22,050
Matthew
The rites of the Bona Dea excluded men entirely.
The rites of the Bona Dea excluded men entirely.
question-424_48_3.mp3
22,050
Joanna
What Roman rites excluded men?
5731f389e99e3014001e6418
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Roman women were present at most festivals and cult observances. Some rituals specifically required the presence of women, but their active participation was limited. As a rule women did not perform animal sacrifice, the central rite of most major public ceremonies. In addition to the public priesthood of the Vestals, ...
With what are many deities aligned for women in Rome's religions?
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context-424_48_6.mp3
context-424_48.mp3
22,050
Matthew
A host of deities, however, are associated with motherhood.
A host of deities, however, are associated with motherhood.
question-424_48_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
With what are many deities aligned for women in Rome's religions?
5731f519e17f3d1400422577
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone. The boundaries between religio and superstitio are perhaps indefinite. The famous tirade of Lucretius, the Epicurean...
What was excessive religious fervor in Rome's religions?
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context-424_49_0.mp3
context-424_49.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone.
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone.
question-424_49_0.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What was excessive religious fervor in Rome's religions?
5731f519e17f3d1400422579
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone. The boundaries between religio and superstitio are perhaps indefinite. The famous tirade of Lucretius, the Epicurean...
What was excessive religio equated with in Rome?
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context-424_49_2.mp3
context-424_49.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
The famous tirade of Lucretius, the Epicurean rationalist, against what is usually translated as "superstition" was in fact aimed at excessive religio.
The famous tirade of Lucretius, the Epicurean rationalist, against what is usually translated as "superstition" was in fact aimed at excessive religio.
question-424_49_1.mp3
22,050
Amy
What was excessive religio equated with in Rome?
5731f519e17f3d140042257a
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone. The boundaries between religio and superstitio are perhaps indefinite. The famous tirade of Lucretius, the Epicurean...
What was the basis of Roman religion?
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context-424_49_3.mp3
context-424_49.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Roman religion was based on knowledge rather than faith, but superstitio was viewed as an "inappropriate desire for knowledge"; in effect, an abuse of religio.
Roman religion was based on knowledge rather than faith, but superstitio was viewed as an "inappropriate desire for knowledge"; in effect, an abuse of religio.
question-424_49_2.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What was the basis of Roman religion?
5731f519e17f3d1400422578
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone. The boundaries between religio and superstitio are perhaps indefinite. The famous tirade of Lucretius, the Epicurean...
Doing what type of actions were considered to be wrong in Rome?
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context-424_49_0.mp3
context-424_49.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone.
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone.
question-424_49_3.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Doing what type of actions were considered to be wrong in Rome?
5731f519e17f3d140042257b
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Excessive devotion and enthusiasm in religious observance were superstitio, in the sense of "doing or believing more than was necessary", to which women and foreigners were considered particularly prone. The boundaries between religio and superstitio are perhaps indefinite. The famous tirade of Lucretius, the Epicurean...
What type of knowledge seeking was superstitio considered to be?
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context-424_49_3.mp3
context-424_49.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
Roman religion was based on knowledge rather than faith, but superstitio was viewed as an "inappropriate desire for knowledge"; in effect, an abuse of religio.
Roman religion was based on knowledge rather than faith, but superstitio was viewed as an "inappropriate desire for knowledge"; in effect, an abuse of religio.
question-424_49_4.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What type of knowledge seeking was superstitio considered to be?
5731f9fa0fdd8d15006c66a7
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consul...
What type of diviners were suspect in Rome?
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context-424_50_2.mp3
context-424_50.mp3
22,050
Justin
Secretive consultations between private diviners and their clients were thus suspect.
Secretive consultations between private diviners and their clients were thus suspect.
question-424_50_0.mp3
22,050
Ivy
What type of diviners were suspect in Rome?
5731f9fa0fdd8d15006c66a8
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consul...
What was the purpose to be discovered by state sanctioned diviners?
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context-424_50_1.mp3
context-424_50.mp3
22,050
Justin
The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future.
The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future.
question-424_50_1.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What was the purpose to be discovered by state sanctioned diviners?
5731f9fa0fdd8d15006c66a9
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consul...
What action was not to be sought by state diviners?
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context-424_50_1.mp3
context-424_50.mp3
22,050
Justin
The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future.
The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future.
question-424_50_2.mp3
22,050
Amy
What action was not to be sought by state diviners?
5731f9fa0fdd8d15006c66aa
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consul...
What group of people were several times expelled from Rome?
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context-424_50_4.mp3
context-424_50.mp3
22,050
Justin
Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in 139 BC and 33 BC. In 16 BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death.
Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in one hundred thirty-nine BC and thirty-three BC. In sixteen BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death.
question-424_50_3.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What group of people were several times expelled from Rome?
5731f9fa0fdd8d15006c66ab
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consul...
What had an astrologer predicted to warrant from Rome by Tiberius?
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context-424_50_4.mp3
context-424_50.mp3
22,050
Justin
Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in 139 BC and 33 BC. In 16 BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death.
Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in one hundred thirty-nine BC and thirty-three BC. In sixteen BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death.
question-424_50_4.mp3
22,050
Brian
What had an astrologer predicted to warrant from Rome by Tiberius?
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66bb
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i...
What word was used by the Romans for practitioners of magic?
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context-424_51_0.mp3
context-424_51.mp3
22,050
Justin
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests.
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests.
question-424_51_0.mp3
22,050
Matthew
What word was used by the Romans for practitioners of magic?
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66bc
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i...
To what did the term magi originally refer?
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context-424_51_0.mp3
context-424_51.mp3
22,050
Justin
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests.
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests.
question-424_51_1.mp3
22,050
Olivia
To what did the term magi originally refer?
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66bd
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i...
Who wrote a skeptical work outlining magic and its use?
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context-424_51_2.mp3
context-424_51.mp3
22,050
Justin
someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magic...
someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magic...
question-424_51_2.mp3
22,050
Joanna
Who wrote a skeptical work outlining magic and its use?
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66be
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i...
What was the title of Pliny's work on magic?
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context-424_51_2.mp3
context-424_51.mp3
22,050
Justin
someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magic...
someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magic...
question-424_51_3.mp3
22,050
Olivia
What was the title of Pliny's work on magic?
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66bf
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i...
Who was a noted magician who could vanish into thin air?
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context-424_51_3.mp3
context-424_51.mp3
22,050
Justin
Philostratus takes pains to point out that the celebrated Apollonius of Tyana was definitely not a magus, "despite his special knowledge of the future, his miraculous cures, and his ability to vanish into thin air".
Philostratus takes pains to point out that the celebrated Apollonius of Tyana was definitely not a magus, "despite his special knowledge of the future, his miraculous cures, and his ability to vanish into thin air".
question-424_51_4.mp3
22,050
Matthew
Who was a noted magician who could vanish into thin air?
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b2
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ...
What witch was reputed to be able to stop the rotation of the heavens?
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context-424_52_1.mp3
context-424_52.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Erichtho, it is said, can arrest "the rotation of the heavens and the flow of rivers" and make "austere old men blaze with illicit passions".
Erichtho, it is said, can arrest "the rotation of the heavens and the flow of rivers" and make "austere old men blaze with illicit passions".
question-424_52_0.mp3
22,050
Emma
What witch was reputed to be able to stop the rotation of the heavens?
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b1
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ...
Who consulted a witch before the battle of Pharsalus?
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context-424_52_0.mp3
context-424_52.mp3
22,050
Ivy
Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses.
Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses.
question-424_52_1.mp3
22,050
Olivia
Who consulted a witch before the battle of Pharsalus?
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b3
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ...
What natural order was Erichtho accused of undermining?
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context-424_52_2.mp3
context-424_52.mp3
22,050
Ivy
She and her clients are portrayed as undermining the natural order of gods, mankind and destiny.
She and her clients are portrayed as undermining the natural order of gods, mankind and destiny.
question-424_52_2.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What natural order was Erichtho accused of undermining?
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b4
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ...
How was Erichtho portrayed?
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context-424_52_3.mp3
context-424_52.mp3
22,050
Ivy
A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia.
A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia.
question-424_52_3.mp3
22,050
Salli
How was Erichtho portrayed?
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b5
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ...
From what country did Erichtho come?
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context-424_52_3.mp3
context-424_52.mp3
22,050
Ivy
A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia.
A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia.
question-424_52_4.mp3
22,050
Justin
From what country did Erichtho come?
5731ff05e17f3d14004225c5
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others. Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although...
What forbid harmful incantations?
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context-424_53_0.mp3
context-424_53.mp3
22,050
Kendra
The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others.
The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others.
question-424_53_0.mp3
22,050
Kendra
What forbid harmful incantations?
5731ff05e17f3d14004225c6
Religion_in_ancient_Rome
The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others. Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although...
What deities were on the edge of Roman religious community?
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context-424_53_1.mp3
context-424_53.mp3
22,050
Kendra
Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although sometimes the recipients of public rites, these were conducted outside the sacred boundary of the pomerium.
Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although sometimes the recipients of public rites, these were conducted outside the sacred boundary of the pomerium.
question-424_53_1.mp3
22,050
Kimberly
What deities were on the edge of Roman religious community?