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5731d3b3e17f3d140042245d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Vestals embody the profound connection between domestic cult and the religious life of the community. Any householder could rekindle their own household fire from Vesta's flame. The Vestals cared for the Lares and Penates of the state that were the equivalent of those enshrined in each home. Besides their own festi... | Where could a householder rekindle the home's flame? | {
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5731d6d4e99e3014001e6320 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Public religion took place within a sacred precinct that had been marked out ritually by an augur. The original meaning of the Latin word templum was this sacred space, and only later referred to a building. Rome itself was an intrinsically sacred space; its ancient boundary (pomerium) had been marked by Romulus himsel... | What did augers seek to understand through observances? | {
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... | context-424_38_4.mp3 | context-424_38.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | During the mid-to-late Republic, the reformist Gaius Gracchus, the populist politician-general Gaius Marius and his antagonist Sulla, and the "notorious Verres" justified their very different policies by the divinely inspired utterances of private diviners. | During the mid-to-late Republic, the reformist Gaius Gracchus, the populist politician-general Gaius Marius and his antagonist Sulla, and the "notorious Verres" justified their very different policies by the divinely inspired utterances of private diviners. | question-424_38_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | What type of private individual had several generals and politicians used to validate their actions? |
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5731daede99e3014001e6342 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for rit... | What were considered to be natural transgressions by the Romans? | {
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... | context-424_39_2.mp3 | context-424_39.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | In 207 BC, during one of the Punic Wars' worst crises, the Senate dealt with an unprecedented number of confirmed prodigies whose expiation would have involved "at least twenty days" of dedicated rites. | In two hundred seven BC, during one of the Punic Wars' worst crises, the Senate dealt with an unprecedented number of confirmed prodigies whose expiation would have involved "at least twenty days" of dedicated rites. | question-424_39_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What did the expiation of a prodigy impose? |
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5731e68eb9d445190005e63d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Livy presents these as signs of widespread failure in Roman religio. The major prodigies included the spontaneous combustion of weapons, the apparent shrinking of the sun's disc, two moons in a daylit sky, a cosmic battle between sun and moon, a rain of red-hot stones, a bloody sweat on statues, and blood in fountains ... | What author wrote of disaster prodigies? | {
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... | context-424_40_2.mp3 | context-424_40.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | The minor prodigies were less warlike but equally unnatural; sheep become goats, a hen become a cock (and vice versa) – these were expiated with "lesser victims". | The minor prodigies were less warlike but equally unnatural; sheep become goats, a hen become a cock (and vice versa) - these were expiated with "lesser victims". | question-424_40_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What type of sacrifices were required to expiate the minor prodigies ? |
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"t... | context-424_50_1.mp3 | context-424_50.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. | The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. | question-424_50_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What action was not to be sought by state diviners? |
5731f9fa0fdd8d15006c66aa | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consul... | What group of people were several times expelled from Rome? | {
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"... | context-424_50_4.mp3 | context-424_50.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in 139 BC and 33 BC. In 16 BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death. | Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in one hundred thirty-nine BC and thirty-three BC. In sixteen BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death. | question-424_50_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What group of people were several times expelled from Rome? |
5731f9fa0fdd8d15006c66ab | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the everyday world, many individuals sought to divine the future, influence it through magic, or seek vengeance with help from "private" diviners. The state-sanctioned taking of auspices was a form of public divination with the intent of ascertaining the will of the gods, not foretelling the future. Secretive consul... | What had an astrologer predicted to warrant from Rome by Tiberius? | {
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"... | context-424_50_4.mp3 | context-424_50.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in 139 BC and 33 BC. In 16 BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death. | Astrologers and magicians were officially expelled from Rome at various times, notably in one hundred thirty-nine BC and thirty-three BC. In sixteen BC Tiberius expelled them under extreme penalty because an astrologer had predicted his death. | question-424_50_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Brian | What had an astrologer predicted to warrant from Rome by Tiberius? |
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66bb | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i... | What word was used by the Romans for practitioners of magic? | {
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... | context-424_51_0.mp3 | context-424_51.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. | question-424_51_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What word was used by the Romans for practitioners of magic? |
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"Persian priest... | context-424_51_0.mp3 | context-424_51.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. | question-424_51_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | To what did the term magi originally refer? |
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66bd | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i... | Who wrote a skeptical work outlining magic and its use? | {
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"t... | context-424_51_2.mp3 | context-424_51.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magic... | someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magic... | question-424_51_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Who wrote a skeptical work outlining magic and its use? |
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66be | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i... | What was the title of Pliny's work on magic? | {
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"... | context-424_51_2.mp3 | context-424_51.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magic... | someone who, because of his community of speech with the immortal gods, has an incredible power of spells (vi cantaminum) for everything he wishes to." Pliny the Elder offers a thoroughly skeptical "History of magical arts" from their supposed Persian origins to Nero's vast and futile expenditure on research into magic... | question-424_51_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What was the title of Pliny's work on magic? |
5731fb920fdd8d15006c66bf | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i... | Who was a noted magician who could vanish into thin air? | {
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"tex... | context-424_51_3.mp3 | context-424_51.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | Philostratus takes pains to point out that the celebrated Apollonius of Tyana was definitely not a magus, "despite his special knowledge of the future, his miraculous cures, and his ability to vanish into thin air". | Philostratus takes pains to point out that the celebrated Apollonius of Tyana was definitely not a magus, "despite his special knowledge of the future, his miraculous cures, and his ability to vanish into thin air". | question-424_51_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | Who was a noted magician who could vanish into thin air? |
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b2 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ... | What witch was reputed to be able to stop the rotation of the heavens? | {
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... | context-424_52_1.mp3 | context-424_52.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Erichtho, it is said, can arrest "the rotation of the heavens and the flow of rivers" and make "austere old men blaze with illicit passions". | Erichtho, it is said, can arrest "the rotation of the heavens and the flow of rivers" and make "austere old men blaze with illicit passions". | question-424_52_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What witch was reputed to be able to stop the rotation of the heavens? |
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b1 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ... | Who consulted a witch before the battle of Pharsalus? | {
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... | context-424_52_0.mp3 | context-424_52.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. | Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. | question-424_52_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | Who consulted a witch before the battle of Pharsalus? |
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b3 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ... | What natural order was Erichtho accused of undermining? | {
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"t... | context-424_52_2.mp3 | context-424_52.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | She and her clients are portrayed as undermining the natural order of gods, mankind and destiny. | She and her clients are portrayed as undermining the natural order of gods, mankind and destiny. | question-424_52_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What natural order was Erichtho accused of undermining? |
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b4 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ... | How was Erichtho portrayed? | {
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"te... | context-424_52_3.mp3 | context-424_52.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia. | A female foreigner from Thessaly, notorious for witchcraft, Erichtho is the stereotypical witch of Latin literature, along with Horace's Canidia. | question-424_52_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | How was Erichtho portrayed? |
5731fd11e17f3d14004225b5 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Lucan depicts Sextus Pompeius, the doomed son of Pompey the Great, as convinced "the gods of heaven knew too little" and awaiting the Battle of Pharsalus by consulting with the Thessalian witch Erichtho, who practices necromancy and inhabits deserted graves, feeding on rotting corpses. Erichtho, it is said, can arrest ... | From what country did Erichtho come? | {
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5731ff05e17f3d14004225c5 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others. Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although... | What forbid harmful incantations? | {
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... | context-424_53_0.mp3 | context-424_53.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others. | The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others. | question-424_53_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What forbid harmful incantations? |
5731ff05e17f3d14004225c6 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Twelve Tables forbade any harmful incantation (malum carmen, or 'noisome metrical charm'); this included the "charming of crops from one field to another" (excantatio frugum) and any rite that sought harm or death to others. Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although... | What deities were on the edge of Roman religious community? | {
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"Chthonic"
... | context-424_53_1.mp3 | context-424_53.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although sometimes the recipients of public rites, these were conducted outside the sacred boundary of the pomerium. | Chthonic deities functioned at the margins of Rome's divine and human communities; although sometimes the recipients of public rites, these were conducted outside the sacred boundary of the pomerium. | question-424_53_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What deities were on the edge of Roman religious community? |
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