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"fairs held at th... | context-438_21_0.mp3 | context-438_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. | The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. | question-438_21_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Matthew | What are urs? |
573403a24776f419006616f0 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint. Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy. The music on these occasions is essentially ... | When are urs held? | {
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"tex... | context-438_21_1.mp3 | context-438_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. | They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. | question-438_21_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | When are urs held? |
573403a24776f419006616f1 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint. Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy. The music on these occasions is essentially ... | What genre of music is played at urs? | {
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"... | context-438_21_6.mp3 | context-438_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain a... | The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain a... | question-438_21_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Where is Buksh's shrine? |
573403a24776f419006616f3 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The fairs held at the shrines of Sufi saints are called urs. They generally mark the death anniversary of the saint. On these occasions devotees assemble in large numbers and pay homage to the memory of the saint. Soul inspiring music is played and devotees dance in ecstasy. The music on these occasions is essentially ... | Where is Zakria's shrine? | {
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... | context-438_21_6.mp3 | context-438_21.mp3 | 22,050 | Justin | The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain a... | The most important urs are: urs of Data Ganj Buksh at Lahore, urs of Hazrat Sultan Bahu at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Shah Jewna at Jhang, urs of Hazrat Mian Mir at Lahore, urs of Baba Farid Ganj Shakar at Pakpattan, urs of Hazrat Bahaudin Zakria at Multan, urs of Sakhi Sarwar Sultan at Dera Ghazi Khan, urs of Shah Hussain a... | question-438_21_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | Where is Zakria's shrine? |
5734044cd058e614000b67bd | Punjab,_Pakistan | Exhibitions and annual horse shows in all districts and a national horse and cattle show at Lahore are held with the official patronage. The national horse and cattle show at Lahore is the biggest festival where sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions are held. It not only encourages and patronises agricultural... | What is Punjab's biggest festival? | {
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5734044cd058e614000b67bf | Punjab,_Pakistan | Exhibitions and annual horse shows in all districts and a national horse and cattle show at Lahore are held with the official patronage. The national horse and cattle show at Lahore is the biggest festival where sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions are held. It not only encourages and patronises agricultural... | What happens at the national horse and cattle show? | {
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57340526d058e614000b67d3 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in t... | What famous tomb is in Lahore? | {
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"t... | context-438_23_1.mp3 | context-438_23.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in the northwest was once a major centre of Buddhist and Hindu influence. | The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in the northwest was once a major centre of Buddhist and Hindu influence. | question-438_23_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | What famous tomb is in Lahore? |
57340526d058e614000b67d4 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in t... | Where was Nanak born? | {
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"... | context-438_23_3.mp3 | context-438_23.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | (born at Nankana Sahib). | (born at Nankana Sahib). | question-438_23_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Where was Nanak born? |
57340526d058e614000b67d5 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in t... | Who was the first Sikh Guru? | {
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57340526d058e614000b67d6 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in t... | What famous hill stations are in Punjab? | {
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"t... | context-438_23_4.mp3 | context-438_23.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | There are a few famous hill stations, including Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro. | There are a few famous hill stations, including Murree, Bhurban, Patriata and Fort Munro. | question-438_23_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | What famous hill stations are in Punjab? |
57340526d058e614000b67d7 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The province is home to several historical sites, including the Shalimar Gardens, the Lahore Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Rohtas Fort and the ruins of the ancient city of Harrapa. The Anarkali Market and Jahangir's Tomb are prominent in the city of Lahore as is the Lahore Museum, while the ancient city of Taxila in t... | What famous mosque is in Punjab? | {
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573405aa4776f41900661717 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, A... | Who are some well-known Punjab poets? | {
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"Sultan Bahu, Bu... | context-438_24_0.mp3 | context-438_24.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, A... | Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, A... | question-438_24_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Joanna | Who are some well-known Punjab poets? |
573405aa4776f41900661718 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, A... | What is Allah Ditta Lona Wala's career? | {
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573405aa4776f41900661719 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, A... | Who is the 'Queen of Music'? | {
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"Malika-i-Mau... | context-438_24_1.mp3 | context-438_24.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. | In the composition of classical ragas, there are such masters as Malika-i-Mauseequi (Queen of Music) Roshan Ara Begum, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan, Salamat Ali Khan and Ustad Fateh Ali Khan. | question-438_24_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | Who is the 'Queen of Music'? |
573405aa4776f4190066171a | Punjab,_Pakistan | Among the Punjabi poets, the names of Sultan Bahu, Bulleh Shah, Mian Muhammad Baksh, and Waris Shah and folk singers like Inayat Hussain Bhatti and Tufail Niazi, Alam Lohar, Sain Marna, Mansoor Malangi, Allah Ditta Lona wala, Talib Hussain Dard, Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Gamoo Tahliwala, Mamzoo Gha-lla, Akbar Jat, A... | When was Alam Lohar an important Punjabi folk singer? | {
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... | context-438_24_2.mp3 | context-438_24.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from 1930 until 1979. | Alam Lohar has made significant contributions to folklore and Punjabi literature, by being a very influential Punjabi folk singer from nineteen thirty until nineteen seventy-nine. | question-438_24_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | When was Alam Lohar an important Punjabi folk singer? |
57340645d058e614000b67f7 | Punjab,_Pakistan | For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known. Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moo... | What kind of music does Malika Pukhraj perform? | {
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57340645d058e614000b67f8 | Punjab,_Pakistan | For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known. Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moo... | What do Punjab folk songs often reflect? | {
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57340645d058e614000b67f9 | Punjab,_Pakistan | For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known. Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moo... | Who sings about the joy of living? | {
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57340645d058e614000b67fa | Punjab,_Pakistan | For the popular taste however, light music, particularly Ghazals and folk songs, which have an appeal of their own, the names of Mehdi Hassan, Ghulam Ali, Nur Jehan, Malika Pukhraj, Farida Khanum, Roshen Ara Begum, and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well-known. Folk songs and dances of the Punjab reflect a wide range of moo... | What does Heer Ranjha sing about? | {
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57341ab74776f4190066187b | Infection | Among the vast varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals. Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen, depends upon the ability of... | Of the huge amount of microorganisms, how many cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals? | {
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57341c75d058e614000b695a | Infection | Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/transmissible/commu... | When are infectious diseases called contagious diseases? | {
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57341fdd4776f419006618d7 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease? | {
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5734203ed058e614000b6982 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | Why do persistent infections occur? | {
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5734203ed058e614000b6984 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | How can some viruses main a persistent infection? | {
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5734203ed058e614000b6986 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | Where does the herpes virus hide? | {
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"te... | context-439_9_1.mp3 | context-439_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. | More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. | question-439_9_1.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient allow? |
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"te... | context-439_9_2.mp3 | context-439_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype. | Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype. | question-439_9_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What features of an infectious organism does a culture allow examining? |
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... | context-439_9_2.mp3 | context-439_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype. | Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting the presence of substances produced by pathogens, and by directly identifying an organism by its genotype. | question-439_9_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What can organisms be directly identified by? |
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"t... | context-439_9_3.mp3 | context-439_9.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | Other techniques (such as X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR) are used to produce images of internal abnormalities resulting from the growth of an infectious agent. | Other techniques (such as X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR) are used to produce images of internal abnormalities resulting from the growth of an infectious agent. | question-439_9_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What technique can be used to produce images of internal abnormalities? |
573422a84776f4190066191d | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? | {
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... | context-439_10_0.mp3 | context-439_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. | question-439_10_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? |
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"tex... | context-439_10_3.mp3 | context-439_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Most pathogenic bacteria are easily grown on nutrient agar, a form of solid medium that supplies carbohydrates and proteins necessary for growth of a bacterium, along with copious amounts of water. | Most pathogenic bacteria are easily grown on nutrient agar, a form of solid medium that supplies carbohydrates and proteins necessary for growth of a bacterium, along with copious amounts of water. | question-439_10_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kevin | What are most pathogenic bacteria easily grown on? |
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... | context-439_10_4.mp3 | context-439_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | A single bacterium will grow into a visible mound on the surface of the plate called a colony, which may be separated from other colonies or melded together into a "lawn". | A single bacterium will grow into a visible mound on the surface of the plate called a colony, which may be separated from other colonies or melded together into a "lawn". | question-439_10_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What is it called when a visible mound forms on the surface of a plate? |
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"t... | context-439_10_10.mp3 | context-439_10.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | In the case of viral identification, a region of dead cells results from viral growth, and is called a "plaque". | In the case of viral identification, a region of dead cells results from viral growth, and is called a "plaque". | question-439_10_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called? |
573423284776f4190066192d | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What are live animals required by? | {
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"t... | context-439_11_3.mp3 | context-439_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Some viruses may be grown in embryonated eggs. | Some viruses may be grown in embryonated eggs. | question-439_11_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | What type of eggs may some viruses be grown in? |
573423284776f41900661930 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What is Xenodiagnosis? | {
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"te... | context-439_11_4.mp3 | context-439_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Another useful identification method is Xenodiagnosis, or the use of a vector to support the growth of an infectious agent. | Another useful identification method is Xenodiagnosis, or the use of a vector to support the growth of an infectious agent. | question-439_11_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What is Xenodiagnosis? |
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"te... | context-439_11_5.mp3 | context-439_11.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | Chagas disease is the most significant example, because it is difficult to directly demonstrate the presence of the causative agent, Trypanosoma cruzi in a patient, which therefore makes it difficult to definitively make a diagnosis. | Chagas disease is the most significant example, because it is difficult to directly demonstrate the presence of the causative agent, Trypanosoma cruzi in a patient, which therefore makes it difficult to definitively make a diagnosis. | question-439_11_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What is it difficult to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease? |
573423bed058e614000b69d0 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What is microscopy used for? | {
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573423bed058e614000b69d2 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What can samples obtained from patients viewed directly under? | {
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573423bed058e614000b69d3 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | When is microscopy exquisitely specific? | {
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"t... | context-439_12_4.mp3 | context-439_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | Microscopy is often also used in conjunction with biochemical staining techniques, and can be made exquisitely specific when used in combination with antibody based techniques. | Microscopy is often also used in conjunction with biochemical staining techniques, and can be made exquisitely specific when used in combination with antibody based techniques. | question-439_12_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | When is microscopy exquisitely specific? |
573423bed058e614000b69d4 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What can antibodies with artificial fluorescence be directed to do? | {
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"t... | context-439_12_5.mp3 | context-439_12.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | For example, the use of antibodies made artificially fluorescent (fluorescently labeled antibodies) can be directed to bind to and identify a specific antigens present on a pathogen. | For example, the use of antibodies made artificially fluorescent (fluorescently labeled antibodies) can be directed to bind to and identify a specific antigens present on a pathogen. | question-439_12_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What can antibodies with artificial fluorescence be directed to do? |
57342435d058e614000b69e4 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | What do almost all cells readily stain with? | {
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"t... | context-439_13_1.mp3 | context-439_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. | Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. | question-439_13_0.mp3 | 22,050 | Salli | What do almost all cells readily stain with? |
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57342435d058e614000b69e7 | Infection | Other microscopic procedures may also aid in identifying infectious agents. Almost all cells readily stain with a number of basic dyes due to the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged cellular molecules and the positive charge on the dye. A cell is normally transparent under a microscope, and using a stai... | What is Geimsa stain? | {
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"t... | context-439_13_3.mp3 | context-439_13.mp3 | 22,050 | Kimberly | Staining a cell with a dye such as Giemsa stain or crystal violet allows a microscopist to describe its size, shape, internal and external components and its associations with other cells. | Staining a cell with a dye such as Giemsa stain or crystal violet allows a microscopist to describe its size, shape, internal and external components and its associations with other cells. | question-439_13_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Kendra | What is Geimsa stain? |
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5734257c4776f41900661961 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | What needs to be isolated from infected tissue to provide a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease? | {
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5734257c4776f41900661963 | Infection | The isolation of enzymes from infected tissue can also provide the basis of a biochemical diagnosis of an infectious disease. For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are characteristic of specific types of viral infections. The ability of the vira... | What does the protein hemagglutinin bind together? | {
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"... | context-439_14_2.mp3 | context-439_14.mp3 | 22,050 | Emma | The ability of the viral protein hemagglutinin to bind red blood cells together into a detectable matrix may also be characterized as a biochemical test for viral infection, although strictly speaking hemagglutinin is not an enzyme and has no metabolic function. | The ability of the viral protein hemagglutinin to bind red blood cells together into a detectable matrix may also be characterized as a biochemical test for viral infection, although strictly speaking hemagglutinin is not an enzyme and has no metabolic function. | question-439_14_2.mp3 | 22,050 | Joey | What does the protein hemagglutinin bind together? |
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57342628d058e614000b6a0c | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What methods are highly sensitive, specifc and rapid tests used to identify microorganisms? | {
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57342628d058e614000b6a0d | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What are serological tests based upon the ability of an antibody to do? | {
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57342628d058e614000b6a0f | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What does the binding set off that will result in something visibly obvious in various ways? | {
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"t... | context-439_15_3.mp3 | context-439_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | This binding then sets off a chain of events that can be visibly obvious in various ways, dependent upon the test. | This binding then sets off a chain of events that can be visibly obvious in various ways, dependent upon the test. | question-439_15_3.mp3 | 22,050 | Olivia | What does the binding set off that will result in something visibly obvious in various ways? |
57342628d058e614000b6a10 | Infection | Serological methods are highly sensitive, specific and often extremely rapid tests used to identify microorganisms. These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding... | What is the causative agent of "strep throat"? | {
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"te... | context-439_15_4.mp3 | context-439_15.mp3 | 22,050 | Amy | For example, "Strep throat" is often diagnosed within minutes, and is based on the appearance of antigens made by the causative agent, S. pyogenes, that is retrieved from a patients throat with a cotton swab. | For example, "Strep throat" is often diagnosed within minutes, and is based on the appearance of antigens made by the causative agent, S. pyogenes, that is retrieved from a patients throat with a cotton swab. | question-439_15_4.mp3 | 22,050 | Ivy | What is the causative agent of "strep throat"? |
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