[…]</nowiki> It's much safer here than walking the streets of New York. After an inmate slapped Madoff because he had changed the channel on the TV, it was reported that Madoff befriended Carmine Persico, boss of the Colombo crime family since 1973, one of New York's five American Mafia families. It was believed Persico had intimidated the inmate who slapped Madoff in the face. On November 28, 1959, Madoff married Ruth Alpern, whom he had met while attending Far Rockaway High School. The two eventually began dating. Ruth graduated from high school in 1958,","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789911","text":"he confessed. In February 2009, Madoff reached an agreement with the SEC. It was later revealed that as part of the agreement, Madoff accepted a lifetime ban from the securities industry. Picard sued Madoff's sons, Mark and Andrew, his brother Peter, and Peter's daughter, Shana, for negligence and breach of fiduciary duty, for $198 million. The defendants had received over $80 million in compensation since 2001. According to the SEC indictment against Annette Bongiorno and Joann Crupi, two back office workers who worked for Madoff, they created false trading reports based on the returns that Madoff ordered for each customer.","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789906","text":"overseen the fraudulent advisory business, that he was finished. On December 9, he told his brother about the fraud. According to the sons, Madoff told Mark Madoff on the following day, December 9, that he planned to pay out $173 million in bonuses two months early. Madoff said that \"he had recently made profits through business operations, and that now was a good time to distribute it.\" Mark told Andrew Madoff, and the next morning they went to their father's office and asked him how he could pay bonuses to his staff if he was having trouble paying clients. They","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"13137505","text":"the act of putting together the various account statements, which did show trading activity, has to involve a number of people. You would need office and support personnel, people who actually knew what the market prices were for the securities that were being traded. You would need accountants so that the internal documents reconcile with the documents being sent to customers at least on a superficial basis,\" said Tom Dewey, a securities lawyer. The criminal case is U.S.A. v. Madoff, 1:08-mJ-02735. The SEC case is \"Securities and Exchange Commission v. Madoff\", 1:08-cv- 10791, both U.S. District Court, Southern District of","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13301448","text":"U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan) was made permanent. As part of the judgment, Madoff was banned from the securities industry. He also agreed that his assets would remain frozen and not violate any securities laws. The agreement did not require Madoff to admit or deny any allegations against him. It also left the issues of any civil fines and repayments to be imposed against Madoff for a later time. The agreement was unrelated to any plea or indictment in the criminal matter. About 120 Madoff-related class actions have been filed – mainly suits on behalf of","title":"Recovery of funds from the Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137519","text":"$70 million in assets for Ruth, arguing that it was unconnected to the fraud scheme. Prosecutors recommended a prison sentence of 150 years, the maximum possible under federal sentencing guidelines. They informed Chin that Irving Picard, the trustee overseeing bankruptcy proceedings for the Madoff organization, had indicated that \"Mr. Madoff has not provided meaningful cooperation or assistance.\" The Bureau of US Prisons had recommended 50 years, while defense lawyer Ira Sorkin had recommended 12 years, arguing that Madoff had confessed. The judge granted Madoff permission to wear his personal clothing at sentencing. On June 29, Judge Chin sentenced Madoff to","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13301189","text":"need accountants so that the internal documents reconcile with the documents being sent to customers at least on a superficial basis,\" said Tom Dewey, a securities lawyer. Anthony Barkow, a former federal prosecutor in New York City who is currently a partner at Jenner & Block LLP was quoted as saying \"Bernie Madoff claiming that he acted alone was ridiculous. His surrender was clearly a strategy to try to insulate his family and co- conspirators and made it more difficult for the government to make the case, so it's taken time but they've shown that they're clearly working on it.\"","title":"Participants in the Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"10126617","text":"Bernie Glow Bernie Glow (February 6, 1926 – May 8, 1982) was an American trumpet player who specialized in jazz and commercial lead trumpet from the 1940s to 1970s. Glow's early career was on the road with Artie Shaw, Woody Herman and others during the last years of the big-band era. The majority of his years were spent as a first-rate New York City studio musician, where he worked with Miles Davis and Frank Sinatra, and did thousands of radio and television recording sessions. At The High School of Music & Art, during the Second World War, Bernie played in","title":"Bernie Glow"},{"psg_id":"13137491","text":"which email statements. Madoff operated as a broker-dealer who also ran an asset management division. In 2003, Joe Aaron, a hedge-fund professional, also found the structure suspicious and warned a colleague to avoid investing in the fund, \"Why would a good businessman work his magic for pennies on the dollar?\" he concluded. Also in 2003, Renaissance Technologies, \"arguably the most successful hedge fund in the world\", reduced its exposure to Madoff's fund first by 50 percent and eventually completely because of suspicions about the consistency of returns, the fact that Madoff charged very little compared to other hedge funds and","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"17099397","text":"New York Enforcement Office, of which Swanson was not a part, closed its investigation of Bernie Madoff. On 15 September 2006, Swanson left the SEC. On 8 December 2006, Swanson and Shana Madoff became engaged. In 2009, after the scandal broke, SEC Inspector General H. David Kotz investigated, and concluded that there was no evidence that Swanson's romantic relationship with Shana Madoff influenced the closing of the SEC investigation of Madoff. He did conclude, however, that: \"Swanson's communication with Shana during the period of time he was engaged in a cause examination of her uncle and father's firm, created the","title":"Eric Swanson"},{"psg_id":"17099396","text":"supervisor) about unusual trading at a Bernie Madoff fund; Walker-Lightfoot was told to instead concentrate on an unrelated matter. Swanson and Walker-Lightfoot's boss asked for her research, but did not act upon it. In February 2006, Swanson was emailed by Assistant Director John Nee that the SEC’s New York Regional Office was investigating a complaint that Bernard Madoff might be running “the biggest Ponzi scheme ever.” In April 2006, Swanson began to date Shana Madoff. Swanson reported the relationship to his supervisor who wrote in an email \"I guess we won't be investigating Madoff anytime soon.\" In 2006, the SEC's","title":"Eric Swanson"},{"psg_id":"13137502","text":"ahead of schedule, from $200 million in assets that the firm still had. According to the complaint, Mark and Andrew, reportedly unaware of the firm's pending insolvency, confronted their father, asking him how the firm could pay bonuses to employees if it could not pay investors. At that point, Madoff asked his sons to follow him to his apartment, where he admitted that he was \"finished\", and that the asset management arm of the firm was in fact a Ponzi scheme – as he put it, \"one big lie\". Mark and Andrew then reported him to the authorities. Madoff intended","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137537","text":"of Bernard Madoff's fraud, the bank offered in March 2009 to compensate eligible investors 50 percent of the money they initially invested with Madoff. On December 6, 2010, Union Bancaire Privée announced it had reached a settlement with the trustee for Madoff Investment Securities. UBP sidestepped the suit when it agreed to pay as much as $500 million to resolve Bernard Madoff trustee's claims. UBP was the first bank to settle Madoff trustee's claim. With this settlement, the Trustee agreed to discharge his \"clawback\" claims against UBP, its affiliates and clients. Bank Medici is an Austrian bank founded by Sonja","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137513","text":"filed an 11-count criminal information, or complaint, charging Madoff with 11 federal crimes: securities fraud, investment adviser fraud, mail fraud, wire fraud, three counts of money laundering, false statements, perjury, making false filings with the SEC, and theft from an employee benefit plan. The complaint stated that Madoff had defrauded his clients of almost $65 billion – thus spelling out the largest Ponzi scheme in history, as well as the largest investor fraud committed by a single person. Madoff pleaded guilty to three counts of money laundering. Prosecutors allege that he used the London Office, Madoff Securities International Ltd. to","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137510","text":"Madoff was released on the same day of his arrest after posting $10 million bail. Madoff and his wife surrendered their passports, and he was subject to travel restrictions, a 7 p.m. curfew at his co-op, and electronic monitoring as a condition of bail. Although Madoff only had two co-signers for his $10 million bail, his wife and his brother Peter, rather than the four required, a judge allowed him free on bail but ordered him confined to his apartment. Madoff has reportedly received death threats that have been referred to the FBI, and the SEC referred to fears of","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137499","text":"never-invested $10 million, deposited in a Madoff account at JPMorgan, wired six days before Madoff's arrest. Judge Lifland ruled that Rosenman was \"indistinguishable\" from any other Madoff client, so there was no basis for giving him special treatment to recover funds. The judge separately declined to dismiss a lawsuit brought by Hadleigh Holdings, which claims it entrusted $1 million to the Madoff firm three days before his arrest. Madoff asked others for money in the final weeks before his arrest, including Wall Street financier Kenneth Langone, whose office was sent a 19-page pitch book, allegedly created by the staff at","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137498","text":"Madoff struggled to keep the scheme afloat. In November 2008, Madoff Securities International (MSIL) in London made two fund transfers to Bernard Madoff Investment Securities of approximately $164 million. MSIL had neither customers nor clients, and there is no evidence that it conducted any trades on behalf of third parties. Madoff received $250 million around December 1, 2008, from Carl J. Shapiro, a 95-year-old Boston philanthropist and entrepreneur who was one of Madoff's oldest friends and biggest financial backers. On December 5, he accepted $10 million from Martin Rosenman, president of Rosenman Family LLC, who later sought to recover the","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137495","text":"broker-dealer's account into his Ponzi scheme account. Eventually, he drew on $342 million from his broker-dealer's credit lines to keep the Ponzi scheme afloat through 2006. Markopolos wrote that he suspected Madoff was on the brink of insolvency as early as June 2005, when his team learned he was seeking loans from banks. By then, at least two major banks were no longer willing to lend money to their customers to invest it with Madoff. In June 2008, Markopolos' team uncovered evidence that Madoff was accepting leveraged money. To Markopolos' mind, Madoff was running out of cash and needed to","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137492","text":"the impossibility of the strategy Madoff claimed to use because options volume had no relation to the amount of money Madoff was said to administer. The options volume implied that Madoff's fund had $750 million, while he was believed to be managing $15 billion. And only if Madoff was assumed to be responsible for all the options traded in the most liquid strike price. Charles J. Gradante, co-founder of hedge-fund research firm Hennessee Group, observed that Madoff \"only had five down months since 1996\", and commented on Madoff's investment performance: \"You can't go 10 or 15 years with only three","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137483","text":"Madoff. Markopolos' bosses at Rampart asked him to design a product that could replicate Madoff's returns. However, Markopolos concluded almost immediately that Madoff's numbers didn't add up. After four hours of trying and failing to replicate Madoff's returns, Markopolos concluded Madoff was a fraud. He told the SEC that based on his analysis of Madoff's returns, it was mathematically impossible for Madoff to deliver them using the strategies he claimed to use. In his view, there were only two ways to explain the figures—either Madoff was front running his order flow, or his wealth management business was a massive Ponzi","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137472","text":"trade group. The Madoff family has long-standing, high-level ties to the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA), the primary securities industry organization. Bernard Madoff sat on the board of directors of the Securities Industry Association, which merged with the Bond Market Association in 2006 to form SIFMA. Madoff's brother Peter then served two terms as a member of SIFMA's board of directors. Peter's resignation as the scandal broke in December 2008 came amid growing criticism of the Madoff firm's links to Washington, and how those relationships may have contributed to the Madoff fraud. Over the years 2000–08, the two","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137468","text":"for outsiders to understand\". He was secretive about the firm's business, and kept his financial statements closely guarded. The \"New York Post\" reported that Madoff \"worked the so-called 'Jewish circuit' of well-heeled Jews he met at country clubs on Long Island and in Palm Beach\". (The scandal so affected Palm Beach that, according to \"The Globe and Mail\", residents \"stopped talking about the local destruction the Madoff storm caused only when Hurricane Trump came along\" in 2016.) \"The New York Times\" reported that Madoff courted many prominent Jewish executives and organizations; according to the Associated Press, they \"trusted [Madoff] because","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"13137462","text":"Building, with the investment management division, referred to as the \"hedge fund\", employing a staff of approximately 24. Madoff ran a branch office in London that employed 28 people, separate from Madoff Securities. The company handled investments for his family of approximately £80 million. Two remote cameras installed in the London office permitted Madoff to monitor events from New York. In 1992, Bernard Madoff explained his purported strategy to \"The Wall Street Journal\". He said the returns were really nothing special, given that the Standard & Poors 500-stock index generated an average annual return of 16.3% between November 1982 and","title":"Madoff investment scandal"},{"psg_id":"822023","text":"named Wrightson's \"Frankenstein\" as the work whose original artwork was the hardest to find, saying, \"They are very rare. The people that have them don't let them go. It's taken me years to get that. I have nine out of the 13 favorite plates of the Frankenstein book that Bernie Wrightson ever did. The other four: one of them, no one knows where it is, and the other three are, I would say, very hard to pry away from the people that have them.\" Wrightson won the Shazam Award for Best Penciller (Dramatic Division) in 1972 and 1973 for Swamp","title":"Bernie Wrightson"},{"psg_id":"17088403","text":"Kingate Management Kingate Management is a Hamilton, Bermuda hedge fund. It was a feeder fund into the securities firm of Bernie Madoff, as part of the Madoff investment scandal. Kingate Management and Tremont Capital Management set up Kingate Global Fund Ltd. (KING) as a joint venture. It charged an initial fee of 5%, and then 1.5% of assets per year. It was one of the largest feeder funds of Bernie Madoff, and raised $3.5 billion for Madoff starting in 1994. It was overseen by FIM Advisers LLP, a London firm. The fund lost all of its assets in the Madoff","title":"Kingate Management"},{"psg_id":"9322289","text":"environmental activist. The polluted air of Pittsburgh adversely affected her asthma, inspiring her to start Group Against Smog and Pollution (GASP) in 1969. Madoff co-founded and was the first president of the Pittsburgh-based organization, a local group with a long history of environmental activism. Madoff worked with Jones and Laughlin Steel Company to keep steel-working jobs in Pittsburgh. She was unsuccessful in runs for Pittsburgh City Council in 1973 and Allegheny County Commissioner in 1975. Madoff was first elected in 1978 to fill the unexpired term of Richard Caliguiri. Caliguiri was serving as President of Pittsburgh City Council and became","title":"Michelle Madoff"},{"psg_id":"17097661","text":"fabricating documents to evade taxes and to help BLMIS escape SEC scrutiny. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison. As part of her father's forfeiture deal with the Justice Department, the $2.3 million in proceeds from selling Shana's five-bedroom East Hampton house was surrendered. In October 2009, court-appointed trustee Irving Picard charged in a civil lawsuit that she played a role in filing a January 2008 form that inflated the assets that the Madoff firm in fact had. Picard sued her, her father and two cousins (Mark Madoff and Andrew Madoff) for what he claimed was $198.7 million of","title":"Shana Madoff"},{"psg_id":"17097660","text":"In 2008, Bernard Madoff spoke at a business roundtable meeting of his \"very close\" relationship with an SEC lawyer, and chuckled: \"my niece even married one\". In April 2009, Richards recused herself from the Madoff investigation. Swanson is now general counsel at BATS Trading, the third-largest U.S. stock exchange. Shana Madoff's uncle Bernard pleaded guilty to federal charges against him, following the Madoff investment scandal becoming public, in March 2009. He was sentenced to 150 years in prison. Her father, Peter, the chief compliance officer of BLMIS, who was her boss at the company, pleaded guilty in July 2012 to","title":"Shana Madoff"},{"psg_id":"17097653","text":"Madoff investment scandal. In 2015, U.S. Marshals auctioned 420 lots of assets belonging to Shana Madoff and her father Peter, pursuant to a court order. Shana Diane Madoff was born in Queens, New York, in 1967, and grew up in Woodbury on the North Shore of Long Island. She graduated from the University of Michigan in 1992, and from Fordham Law School in 1995. In 1997 she married Scott Skoller, a men's clothing store manager from Roslyn, New York, and changed her name to Shana Skoller. Together they had a daughter, Rebecca, before divorcing. In 2007, she married Eric Swanson,","title":"Shana Madoff"},{"psg_id":"14750660","text":"Imagining Madoff Imagining Madoff is a 2010 play by playwright Deb Margolin that tells the story of an imagined encounter between Bernard Madoff, the admitted operator of what has been described as the largest Ponzi scheme in history, and his victims. Margolin had originally planned to use Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel as a character representing a victim, but was obliged by legal threats to substitute a fictional character, whom she named Solomon Galkin. Wiesel had been one of Madoff's most notable victims, having lost his life savings to Madoff's fraud in addition to more than $15 million","title":"Imagining Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789944","text":"educational, cultural, and health charities, including those later forced to close because of Madoff's fraud. After Madoff's arrest, the assets of the Madoff Family Foundation were frozen by a federal court. Impact of Madoff The systemic problems exposed in the Madoff prosecution have not improved remedies for fraud victims. Indeed, since the exposure, it has become far harder for a fraud victim to prevail. In 2009, the Supreme Court required a plaintiff to establish his claim before any disclosure is required by the defendant. \"Labels and conclusions\" and \"a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action\" will","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789937","text":"remained the targets of a tax fraud investigation by federal prosecutors, according to \"The Wall Street Journal\". David Friehling, Bernard Madoff's tax accountant, who pleaded guilty in a related case, is reportedly assisting in the investigation. According to a civil lawsuit filed in October 2009, trustee Irving Picard alleges that Peter Madoff deposited $32,146 into his Madoff accounts and withdrew over $16 million; Andrew deposited almost $1 million into his accounts and withdrew $17 million; Mark deposited $745,482 and withdrew $18.1 million. Bernard Madoff lived in Roslyn, New York, in a ranch house through the 1970s. After 1980, he owned","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789934","text":"and earned her bachelor's degree at Queens College. She was employed at the stock market in Manhattan before working in Madoff's firm, and she founded the Madoff Charitable Foundation. Bernard and Ruth Madoff had two sons: Mark (March 11, 1964 – December 11, 2010), a 1986 graduate of the University of Michigan, and Andrew (April 8, 1966 – September 3, 2014), a 1988 graduate of University of Pennsylvania's Wharton Business School. Both sons later worked in the trading section alongside paternal cousin Charles Weiner. Several family members worked for Madoff. His younger brother, Peter, an attorney, was Senior Managing Director","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789930","text":"recommend that the Federal Bureau of Prisons place Madoff in the Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville, which is located from Manhattan. The judge, however, only recommended that Madoff be sent to a facility in the Northeast United States. Madoff was transferred to the Federal Correctional Institution Butner Medium near Butner, North Carolina, about northwest of Raleigh; he is Bureau of Prisons Register #61727-054. Jeff Gammage of the \"Philadelphia Inquirer\" said \"Madoff's heavy sentence likely determined his fate.\" Madoff's projected release date is November 14, 2139. The release date, described as \"academic\" in Madoff's case because he would have to live to","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789922","text":"government announced that it would begin paying out $772.5 million to more than 24,000 victims of the Ponzi scheme. On March 12, 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies, including securities fraud, wire fraud, mail fraud, money laundering, making false statements, perjury, theft from an employee benefit plan, and making false filings with the SEC. The plea was the response to a criminal complaint filed two days earlier, which stated that over the past 20 years, Madoff had defrauded his clients of almost $65 billion in the largest Ponzi scheme in history. Madoff insisted he was solely responsible for","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789908","text":"they left their father's apartment, Mark and Andrew immediately contacted a lawyer, who in turn got them in touch with federal prosecutors and the SEC. On December 11, 2008, Madoff was arrested and charged with securities fraud. Madoff posted $10 million bail in December 2008 and remained under 24-hour monitoring and house arrest in his Upper East Side penthouse apartment until March 12, 2009, when Judge Denny Chin revoked his bail and remanded him to the Metropolitan Correctional Center. Chin ruled that Madoff was a flight risk because of his age, his wealth, and the prospect of spending the rest","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789888","text":"2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management business into a massive Ponzi scheme. The Madoff investment scandal defrauded thousands of investors of billions of dollars. Madoff said that he began the Ponzi scheme in the early 1990s, but federal investigators believe that the fraud began as early as the mid-1980s and may have begun as far back as the 1970s. Those charged with recovering the missing money believe that the investment operation may never have been legitimate. The amount missing from client accounts was almost $65 billion, including fabricated gains. The Securities","title":"Bernard Madoff"},{"psg_id":"12789885","text":"Bernard Madoff Bernard Lawrence Madoff (; born April 29, 1938) is an American former market maker, investment advisor, financier, fraudster, and convicted felon, who is currently serving a federal prison sentence for offences related to a massive Ponzi scheme. He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market, the confessed operator of the largest Ponzi scheme in world history, and the largest financial fraud in U.S. history. Prosecutors estimated the fraud to be worth $64.8 billion based on the amounts in the accounts of Madoff's 4,800 clients as of November 30, 2008. Madoff founded a penny stock brokerage","title":"Bernard Madoff"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789898\",\n \"text\": \"had met Shana Madoff in 2003 while investigating her uncle Bernie Madoff and his firm. The investigation was concluded in 2005. In 2006 Swanson left the SEC and became engaged to Shana Madoff, and in 2007 the two married. A spokesman for Swanson said he \\\"did not participate in any inquiry of Bernard Madoff Securities or its affiliates while involved in a relationship\\\" with Shana Madoff. While awaiting sentencing, Madoff met with the SEC's Inspector General, H. David Kotz, who conducted an investigation into how regulators had failed to detect the fraud despite numerous red flags. Madoff said he could\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137478\",\n \"text\": \"regional administrator. Avellino and Bienes deposited $454 million of investors' money with Madoff, and until 2007, Bienes continued to invest several million dollars of his own money with Madoff. In a 2009 interview after the scam had been exposed, he said, \\\"Doubt Bernie Madoff? Doubt Bernie? No. You doubt God. You can doubt God, but you don't doubt Bernie. He had that aura about him.\\\" The SEC investigated Madoff in 1999 and 2000 about concerns that the firm was hiding its customers' orders from other traders, for which Madoff then took corrective measures. In 2001, an SEC official met with\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789894\",\n \"text\": \"of its board of directors, and was a member of its board of governors. From 1991 to 2008, Bernie and Ruth Madoff contributed about $240,000 to federal candidates, parties and committees, including $25,000 a year from 2005 through 2008 to the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. The Committee returned $100,000 of the Madoffs' contributions to Irving Picard, the bankruptcy trustee who oversees all claims, and Senator Charles E. Schumer returned almost $30,000 received from Madoff and his relatives to the trustee. Senator Christopher J. Dodd donated $1,500 to the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity, a Madoff victim. Members of the Madoff\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137473\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff brothers gave $56,000 to SIFMA, and tens of thousands of dollars more to sponsor SIFMA industry meetings. In addition, Bernard Madoff's niece Shana Madoff was active on the Executive Committee of SIFMA's Compliance & Legal Division, but resigned her SIFMA position shortly after her uncle's arrest. She married former assistant director of the SEC's OCIE Eric Swanson, whom she had met in 2003 while he was investigating her uncle Bernie Madoff and his firm. The investigation concluded in 2005. In 2006 Swanson left the SEC and became engaged to Shana Madoff, and in 2007 the two married. A spokesman\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137486\",\n \"text\": \"the season \\\"and no one suspecting a cheat\\\". In part, the memo concluded: \\\"Bernie Madoff is running the world's largest unregistered hedge fund. He's organized this business as a 'hedge fund of funds' privately labeling their own hedge funds which Bernie Madoff secretly runs for them using a split-strike conversion strategy getting paid only trading commissions which are not disclosed. If this is not a regulatory dodge, I do not know what is.\\\" Markopolos declared that Madoff's \\\"unsophisticated portfolio management\\\" was either a Ponzi scheme or front running (buying stock for his own account based on knowledge of his clients'\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097656\",\n \"text\": \"of the Executive Committee of SIFMA's Compliance & Legal Division, while her father served on SIFMA's board of directors. She resigned that position after her uncle's arrest. Subsequent to the Ponzi scheme in the Madoff investment scandal becoming public, a spokesman for Shana Madoff said she had \\\"no prior knowledge of the horrific fraud perpetuated.\\\" She is married to Eric Swanson, an attorney and a former Assistant Director of the Office of Compliance Investigations and Examinations at the SEC, the securities regulator, whom she met in April 2003. She and Swanson met during an SEC examination of whether Bernie Madoff\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789932\",\n \"text\": \"injuries as more serious and including \\\"facial fractures, broken ribs, and a collapsed lung\\\". The Federal Bureau of Prisons said Madoff signed an affidavit on December 24, 2009, which indicated that he had not been assaulted and that he had been admitted to the hospital for hypertension. In his letter to his daughter-in-law, Madoff said that he was being treated in prison like a \\\"Mafia don\\\". They call me either Uncle Bernie or Mr. Madoff. I can't walk anywhere without someone shouting their greetings and encouragement, to keep my spirit up. It's really quite sweet, how concerned everyone is about\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13301196\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff's scheme and had cooperated fully with investigators. Swain ruled that Konigsberg had earned lenience from federal sentencing guidelines and did not have to serve any time in prison. Evidence is being gathered by investigators on a U.S.-U.K. task force that Konigsberg and Levy, a real-estate mogul and philanthropist are believed to be involved in an international transfer of money. Levy is believed to have helped Paul Konigsberg funnel checks to London. And investigators in New York say there were billions of dollars' worth of checks going back and forth between Madoff and Levy. Ruth and Bernie Madoff had an\",\n \"title\": \"Participants in the Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13301198\",\n \"text\": \"died in 2005 at the age of 93, Madoff extolled him as a man whose friendship he had cherished and who had \\\"taught me so much.\\\" Levy's son Francis said his father believed in Madoff: \\\"If there's one honorable person,\\\" he said, \\\"it's Bernie.\\\" On April 14, 2009, the liquidators of Madoff International Limited of London filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy recognition in West Palm Beach, Florida, and sued Peter Madoff, to recover a 1964 Aston Martin DB2/4 automobile worth an estimated $200,000. In March and May 2008, Madoff International wire-transferred 135,000 pounds ($198,207) to buy a car for Peter\",\n \"title\": \"Participants in the Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097658\",\n \"text\": \"might be running \\\"the biggest Ponzi scheme ever\\\". In April 2006, Swanson informed John McCarthy, Associate Director in the SEC Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations, of his relationship with Shana Madoff, and McCarthy was very upset. When McCarthy found out later that month that the relationship was still continuing, and confronted Swanson about it, Swanson came clean and McCarthy was again extremely upset. Swanson left the SEC on September 15, 2006. The SEC closed its investigation of Bernie Madoff in 2006. In 2009, after the scandal broke, SEC Inspector General H. David Kotz investigated, and concluded that there was\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15874897\",\n \"text\": \"or average reviews\\\". Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B+ rating. Chasing Madoff Chasing Madoff is a 2011 documentary film written and directed by Jeff Prosserman. The film is based on the book by Harry Markopolos. The film chronicles how Harry Markopolos and his associates spent ten years of investigation in an attempt to expose Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme, which scammed an estimated $18 billion from investors. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 45% based on 40 reviews, and an average rating of 5.8/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score\",\n \"title\": \"Chasing Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15874896\",\n \"text\": \"Chasing Madoff Chasing Madoff is a 2011 documentary film written and directed by Jeff Prosserman. The film is based on the book by Harry Markopolos. The film chronicles how Harry Markopolos and his associates spent ten years of investigation in an attempt to expose Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme, which scammed an estimated $18 billion from investors. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 45% based on 40 reviews, and an average rating of 5.8/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 52 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating \\\"mixed\",\n \"title\": \"Chasing Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13301208\",\n \"text\": \"a vacuum,\\\" and felt the forfeiture was necessary to hold the defendants to account even though it will likely never be repaid in full. Friehling's involvement made the Madoff scandal the largest accounting fraud in history, dwarfing the $11 billion fraud orchestrated by Bernard Ebbers at WorldCom. Peter B. Madoff, Chief Compliance Officer, worked with his brother Bernie for more than 40 years, and ran the daily operations for the past 20 years. Peter Madoff helped create the computerized trading system used by the firm and his daughter, Shana Madoff Swanson, worked for him at the firm as a rules\",\n \"title\": \"Participants in the Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789936\",\n \"text\": \"million on October 6, and $250,000 on September 21. Andrew owned a Manhattan apartment and a home in Greenwich, Connecticut, as did his brother Mark prior to his death. Following a divorce from his first wife in 2000, Mark withdrew money from an account. Both sons used outside investment firms to run their own private philanthropic foundations. In March 2003, Andrew Madoff was diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma and eventually returned to work. He was named chairman of the Lymphoma Research Foundation in January 2008, but resigned shortly after his father's arrest. Peter Madoff (and Andrew Madoff, before his death)\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097664\",\n \"text\": \"giving her the choice of pleading to a felony conviction on the same grounds. She is a lawyer; lawyers don't get the benefit of the doubt. They could say you knew this [SEC filing] was false, even if you did not know it was a Ponzi scheme. Shana Madoff Shana Diane Madoff, sometimes referred to as Shana Madoff Skoller Swanson, (born December 8, 1967) is an American attorney who is now a yoga teacher. She is the daughter of Peter Madoff, and a niece of Bernard Madoff, who employed her as a compliance officer and attorney at Bernard L. Madoff\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137548\",\n \"text\": \"SEC employees were disciplined; none were fired. On January 7, 2014, Forbes magazine and other news outlets reported that the bank JPMorgan Chase, \\\"where Madoff kept the bank account at the center of his fraud\\\", would pay a settlement of $1.7 billion. This resolved any potential criminal case against the bank arising from the Madoff scandal. JPMorgan entered into a deferred prosecution agreement with federal prosecutors to resolve two felony charges of violating the Bank Secrecy Act. The bank admitted to failing to file a \\\"Suspicious Activity Report\\\" after red flags about Madoff were raised, which, prosecutors alleged, did not\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789889\",\n \"text\": \"Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) trustee estimated actual losses to investors of $18 billion. On June 29, 2009, Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison, the maximum allowed. Madoff was born on April 29, 1938, in Queens, New York, to Jewish parents Ralph Madoff, a plumber and stockbroker, and Sylvia Muntner. Madoff's grandparents were emigrants from Poland, Romania, and Austria. He is the second of three children; his siblings are Sondra Weiner and Peter Madoff. Madoff graduated from Far Rockaway High School in 1956. He attended the University of Alabama for one year, where he became a brother of the\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13595138\",\n \"text\": \"Swanson that because of pressure to investigate the mutual fund industry, she was to focus on that investigation instead, conclude work on the probe, and to give all of her documentation from the Madoff investigation to a co-worker. After the investigation concluded, Swanson married Shana Madoff, a niece of Bernie Madoff and the in-house compliance attorney at Madoff's firm. A spokesman for Swanson, who has left the SEC, said Swanson \\\"did not participate in any inquiry of Bernard Madoff Securities or its affiliates while involved in a relationship\\\" with Shana Madoff. Walker-Lightfoot sent emails to her supervisor saying information provided\",\n \"title\": \"Genevievette Walker-Lightfoot\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789897\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff, a practice that continued after Avellino and Bienes took over the firm in the 1970s. Avellino returned the money to investors and the SEC closed the case. In 2004, Genevievette Walker-Lightfoot, a lawyer in the SEC's Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (OCIE), informed her supervisor branch chief Mark Donohue that her review of Madoff found numerous inconsistencies, and recommended further questioning. However, she was told by Donohue and his boss Eric Swanson to stop work on the Madoff investigation, send them her work results, and instead investigate the mutual fund industry. Swanson, Assistant Director of the SEC's OCIE,\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13301193\",\n \"text\": \"shareholders in Cohmad Securities, which steered investors to Mr. Madoff's advisory business. In 1987, Mr. Cohn had shares of Madoff Holdings Ltd., a predecessor to the current London firm. In 1998, Mr. Cohn held 35,624 non-voting shares, some of which he transferred to \\\"BL Madoff\\\" in 1998, and the rest that he \\\"disposed of\\\" in 2004. Paul Konigsberg, a New York City accountant and a longtime friend for more than 25 years, prepared two Madoff Family Foundation tax returns, and received the non-voting shares, valued at $35,000. He did work for the London office when it was first opened. Clients\",\n \"title\": \"Participants in the Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137544\",\n \"text\": \"his wealth and 20% of his brother's, Bertrand, with Madoff. Bertrand said that René-Thierry did not know Madoff but the connection was through René-Thierry's partner in AIA, French banker, Patrick Littaye. On February 10, 2009, highly decorated British soldier William Foxton, OBE, 65, shot himself in a park in Southampton, England, having lost all of his family's savings. He had invested in the Herald USA Fund and Herald Luxembourg Fund, feeder funds for Madoff from Bank Medici in Austria. Madoff's elder son, Mark Madoff, was found dead on December 11, 2010, two years to the day after his father turned\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9322288\",\n \"text\": \"Michelle Madoff Michelle Madoff (; August 2, 1928 – October 12, 2013) was a Canadian-born American municipal politician who served on the Pittsburgh City Council from 1978 to 1994. Born as Pauline Radzinski in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, she attended Central Commerce High School and Brown's Business College. Because her birth name was difficult for teachers to pronounce, she legally changed it to Micki Rodin. She moved to the United States in 1952, where she married Dr. Henry R. Madoff in 1958. She settled in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh in 1961. Before entering politics Madoff was a community and\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097659\",\n \"text\": \"no evidence that Swanson's romantic relationship with Shana Madoff influenced the closing of the SEC investigation of her uncle. He did conclude, however, that: \\\"Swanson's communication with Shana during the period of time he was engaged in a cause examination of her uncle and father's firm, created the appearance of a potential conflict of interest.\\\" Swanson left the SEC on September 15, 2006. Swanson and Shana Madoff became engaged on December 8, 2006. The September 2007 wedding of Shana Madoff and Swanson was attended by Lori Richards, SEC Director of Compliance Investigations and Examinations, who oversaw Swanson at the SEC.\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097657\",\n \"text\": \"was running a Ponzi scheme, and the two started a regular correspondence; during 2003, Swanson sent Peter Madoff several regulatory requests. In March 2004, SEC lawyer Genevievette Walker-Lightfoot was reviewing Madoff's firm and raised questions to Swanson (who was her boss's supervisor) about unusual trading at one of the Madoff funds; she was told to instead concentrate on an unrelated matter. Swanson and her boss asked for her research, but did not act upon it. In February 2006, Swanson was emailed by Assistant Director John Nee that the SEC’s New York Regional Office was investigating a complaint that Bernard Madoff\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097652\",\n \"text\": \"was her boss at the company and the chief compliance officer, was sentenced to 10 years in prison. In 2007, she married Eric Swanson, a former Assistant Director of the Office of Compliance Investigations and Examinations at the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). She and Swanson met originally in April 2003 when the SEC performed an inadequate examination as to whether Bernie Madoff was front running customer orders—completely missing the multibillion-dollar Ponzi scheme that her own cousins (Bernie's sons) would expose in December 2008. No criminal charges have ever been filed against her for her potential role in the\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13301420\",\n \"text\": \"Picowers, friends of Madoff for decades, \\\"knew or should have known they were benefiting from fraudulent activity or, at a minimum, failed to exercise reasonable due diligence.\\\" The Palm Beach, Florida, foundation had given millions to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Human Rights First, and the New York Public Library. It also funded diabetes research at Harvard Medical School and Parkinson's research at Columbia Medical School. On July 31, 2009, Picower filed a motion to dismiss the claim, saying that he \\\"genuinely believed in the personal and professional integrity of Bernie Madoff.\\\" He urged the Court that the lawsuit was\",\n \"title\": \"Recovery of funds from the Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789943\",\n \"text\": \"arrest. Madoff also served on the Board of New York City Center, a member of New York City's Cultural Institutions Group (CIG). He served on the executive council of the Wall Street division of the UJA Foundation of New York which declined to invest funds with him because of the conflict of interest. Madoff undertook charity work for the Gift of Life Bone Marrow Foundation and made philanthropic gifts through the Madoff Family Foundation, a $19 million private foundation, which he managed along with his wife. They donated money to hospitals and theaters. The foundation has also contributed to many\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789901\",\n \"text\": \"Service was brought in to conduct an independent outside review. The Williams Report questioned Kotz's work on the Madoff investigation, because Kotz was a \\\"very good friend\\\" with Markopolos. Investigators were not able to determine when Kotz and Markopolos became friends. A violation of the ethics rule would have taken place if the friendship were concurrent with Kotz's investigation of Madoff. In 1999, financial analyst Harry Markopolos had informed the SEC that he believed it was legally and mathematically impossible to achieve the gains Madoff claimed to deliver. According to Markopolos, it took him four minutes to conclude that Madoff's\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789900\",\n \"text\": \"SEC was criticized for its lack of financial expertise and lack of due diligence, despite having received complaints from Harry Markopolos and others for almost a decade. The SEC's Inspector General, Kotz, found that since 1992, there had been six investigations of Madoff by the SEC, which were botched either through incompetent staff work or by neglecting allegations of financial experts and whistle-blowers. At least some of the SEC investigators doubted whether Madoff was even trading. Due to concerns of improper conduct by Inspector General Kotz in the Madoff investigation, Inspector General David C. Williams of the United States Postal\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137474\",\n \"text\": \"for Swanson said he \\\"did not participate in any inquiry of Bernard Madoff Securities or its affiliates while involved in a relationship\\\" with Shana Madoff. Madoff Securities LLC was investigated at least eight times over a 16-year period by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and other regulatory authorities. In 1992, the SEC investigated one of Madoff's feeder funds, Avellino & Bienes, the principals being Frank Avellino, Michael Bienes and his wife Dianne Bienes. Bienes began his career working as an accountant for Madoff's father-in-law, Saul Alpern. Then, he became a partner in the accounting firm Alpern, Avellino and\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789907\",\n \"text\": \"then traveled to Madoff's apartment, where with Ruth Madoff nearby, Madoff told them he was \\\"finished,\\\" that he had \\\"absolutely nothing\\\" left, and that his investment fund was \\\"just one big lie\\\" and \\\"basically, a giant Ponzi scheme.\\\" According to their attorney, Madoff's sons then reported their father to federal authorities. Madoff had intended to wind up his operations over the remainder of the week before having his sons turn him in; he'd directed DiPascali to use the remaining money in his business account to cash out the accounts of several family members and favored friends. However, as soon as\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18976747\",\n \"text\": \"61/100 rating based on 25 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 68% based on 31 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's critics consensus reads: \\\"\\\"Madoff\\\" boasts a knockout performance from Richard Dreyfuss, whose obvious enjoyment of the role helps make up for the miniseries' surplus of polish and overall lack of perspective.\\\" Madoff (miniseries) Madoff is a 2016 American television miniseries written by Ben Robbins, inspired by Brian Ross' book \\\"The Madoff Chronicles\\\", about the Madoff investment scandal. The Madoff investment scandal was a fraud scheme perpetrated by Bernard Madoff, a former stockbroker,\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137541\",\n \"text\": \"First, the New York Public Library and the Children's Health Fund. It is listed as the 71st-largest in the nation by the Council on Foundations. The foundation reportedly invested $1 billion with Madoff. Jeffry Picower has been a friend of Bernard Madoff for 30 years. The Picower Foundation, along with other smaller charities who invested with Madoff, announced in December 2008 that they would be closing. In June 2012, Madoff's brother Peter was \\\"expected to appear in Federal District Court in Manhattan and admit to, among other things, falsifying records, making false statements to securities regulators and obstructing the work\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137506\",\n \"text\": \"New York. The cases against Fairfield Greenwich Group et al. are consolidated as 09-118 in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York (Manhattan). While awaiting sentencing, Madoff met with the SEC's Inspector General, H. David Kotz, who was conducting an investigation into how regulators failed to detect the fraud despite numerous red flags. Because of concerns of improper conduct by Inspector General Kotz in the Madoff investigation, Inspector General David C. Williams of the U.S. Postal Service was brought in to conduct an independent outside review. The Williams Report questioned Kotz's work on the Madoff investigation, because\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11939649\",\n \"text\": \"in 1971. The single did not make the charts. Lee performed songs from this album, including \\\"Where Did They Go\\\" and \\\"My Sweet Lord,\\\" during her June 1971 engagement at The Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. After completing work on \\\"Where Did They Go\\\", Peggy Lee did not return to the recording studio again until nearly a year later, when she began recording \\\"Norma Deloris Egstrom from Jamestown, North Dakota\\\" in April 1972. This album was released on 8-track, along with LP. Where Did They Go (album) Where Did They Go is a 1971 album by Peggy Lee. It\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did They Go (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9322293\",\n \"text\": \"Pittsburgh Pirates, Madoff claimed she was \\\"threatened with impeachment\\\". In a 1991 run for city controller, Madoff finished third, with 28.3% of votes. Madoff lost her council seat after being defeated in the 1993 Democratic primary. Madoff later lived in South Carolina and Las Vegas. She married Fred Scheske in 2001 and settled in Arizona. They had originally met on the online dating service Match.com. She died at a retirement community in Peoria, Arizona on October 12, 2013, aged 85, from leukemia. Michelle Madoff Michelle Madoff (; August 2, 1928 – October 12, 2013) was a Canadian-born American municipal politician\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18976746\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff (miniseries) Madoff is a 2016 American television miniseries written by Ben Robbins, inspired by Brian Ross' book \\\"The Madoff Chronicles\\\", about the Madoff investment scandal. The Madoff investment scandal was a fraud scheme perpetrated by Bernard Madoff, a former stockbroker, investment advisor, and financier. He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market and the admitted operator of a Ponzi scheme that is considered the largest financial fraud in U.S. history. The miniseries aired over two nights, February 3 and 4, 2016, on ABC. The miniseries has received favorable reviews from critics. On Metacritic, it holds a\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789923\",\n \"text\": \"the fraud. Madoff did not plea bargain with the government. Rather, he pleaded guilty to all charges. It has been speculated that Madoff pleaded guilty instead of cooperating with the authorities in order to avoid naming any associates and co-conspirators who were involved with him in the scheme. In November 2009, David G. Friehling, Madoff's accounting front man and auditor, pleaded guilty to securities fraud, investment adviser fraud, making false filings to the SEC, and obstructing the IRS. He admitted to merely rubber-stamping Madoff's filings rather than auditing them. Friehling extensively cooperated with federal prosecutors and testified at the trials\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789917\",\n \"text\": \"an acquaintance soon after his arrest that the fraud began \\\"almost immediately\\\" after his firm opened his doors. Bongiorno, who spent over 40 years with Madoff, told investigators that she was doing \\\"the same things she was doing in 2008\\\" that she did when she first joined the firm. Madoff targeted wealthy American Jewish communities, using his in-group status to obtain investments from Jewish individuals and institutions. Affected Jewish charitable organizations considered victims of this affinity fraud include Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America, the Elie Wiesel Foundation and Steven Spielberg's Wunderkinder Foundation. Jewish federations and hospitals lost millions\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789893\",\n \"text\": \"This has been called a \\\"legal kickback.\\\" Some academics have questioned the ethics of these payments. Madoff argued that these payments did not alter the price that the customer received. He viewed the payments as a normal business practice: If your girlfriend goes to buy stockings at a supermarket, the racks that display those stockings are usually paid for by the company that manufactured the stockings. Order flow is an issue that attracted a lot of attention but is grossly overrated. Madoff was active in the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), a self-regulatory securities-industry organization. He served as chairman\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789892\",\n \"text\": \"helped to develop became the NASDAQ. The firm functioned as a third-market provider, bypassing exchange specialist firms by directly executing orders over the counter from retail brokers. At one point, Madoff Securities was the largest market maker at the NASDAQ, and in 2008 was the sixth-largest market maker on Wall Street. The firm also had an investment management and advisory division, which it did not publicize, that was the focus of the fraud investigation. Madoff was \\\"the first prominent practitioner\\\" of payment for order flow, in which a dealer pays a broker for the right to execute a customer's order.\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13301435\",\n \"text\": \"none of which were ever repaid. The firm also gave money to two entities owned by Madoff family members, including $1.7 million in capital contributions to Madoff Energy Holdings LLC, owned by Andrew, Mark and Shana Madoff, who also worked at the firm. The Madoff firm also paid out $4.5 million to support Ruth Madoff's real-estate-related investments. More than $11.5 million was used to buy two yachts for the Madoff family. The firm provided corporate cards to his wife, Ruth, his son's wife and brother's wife, even though they didn't work at the firm. In January 2009, Madoff and his\",\n \"title\": \"Recovery of funds from the Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14286203\",\n \"text\": \"the original photo shoot with Warren Du Preez and Nick Thornton Jones. Adapted from AllMusic. Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \\\"UNKLE Blog\\\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \\\"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\\\", was made\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Night Fall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14286200\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did the Night Fall Where Did the Night Fall is the fourth regular studio album from British electronic music act Unkle, released on . As a documentation of the work on the album, on 13 April 2009, James Lavelle, Unkle's mastermind, started an official \\\"UNKLE Blog\\\". According to the first post, Lavelle started to work in studio in January 2009 with Pablo Clements, James Griffith, Joel Cadbury, Gavin Clark, Matt Pierce and Mike Lowry. On a single, \\\"Heavy Drug (Surrender Sounds Mix)\\\", was made available digitally via Beatport and iTunes. On the download was followed by a remix EP\",\n \"title\": \"Where Did the Night Fall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137479\",\n \"text\": \"Harry Markopolos at their Boston regional office and reviewed his allegations of Madoff's fraudulent practices. The SEC claimed it conducted two other inquiries into Madoff in the last several years, but did not find any violations or major issues of concern. In 2004, after published articles appeared accusing the firm of front running, the SEC's Washington office cleared Madoff. The SEC detailed that inspectors had examined Madoff's brokerage operation in 2005, checking for three kinds of violations: the strategy he used for customer accounts; the requirement of brokers to obtain the best possible price for customer orders; and operating as\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137476\",\n \"text\": \"look any more deeply into the matter, and never publicly referred to Madoff. Through Sorkin, who once oversaw the SEC's New York office, Avellino & Bienes agreed to return the money to investors, shut down their firm, undergo an audit, and pay a fine of $350,000. Avellino complained to the presiding Federal Judge, John E. Sprizzo, that Price Waterhouse fees were excessive, but the judge ordered him to pay the bill of $428,679 in full. Madoff said that he did not realize the feeder fund was operating illegally, and that his own investment returns tracked the previous 10 years of\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137475\",\n \"text\": \"Bienes. In 1962, the firm began advising its clients about investing all of their money with a mystery man, a highly successful and controversial figure on Wall Street—but until this episode, not known as an ace money manager—Madoff. When Alpern retired at the end of 1974, the firm became Avellino and Bienes and continued to invest solely with Madoff. Avellino & Bienes, represented by Ira Sorkin, Madoff's former attorney, were accused of selling unregistered securities. In a report to the SEC they mentioned the fund's \\\"curiously steady\\\" yearly returns to investors of 13.5% to 20%. However, the SEC did not\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137461\",\n \"text\": \"questioned the ethics of these payments. Madoff has argued that these payments did not alter the price that the customer received. He viewed payments for order flow as a normal business practice: \\\"If your girlfriend goes to buy stockings at a supermarket, the racks that display those stockings are usually paid for by the company that manufactured the stockings. Order flow is an issue that attracted a lot of attention but is grossly overrated.\\\" By 2000, Madoff Securities, one of the top traders of US securities, held approximately $300 million in assets. The business occupied three floors of the Lipstick\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789938\",\n \"text\": \"an ocean-front residence in Montauk. His primary residence was on Manhattan's Upper East Side, and he was listed as chairman of the building's co-op board. He also owned a home in France and a mansion in Palm Beach, Florida, where he was a member of the Palm Beach Country Club. Madoff owned a sportfishing yacht named \\\"Bull\\\". All three homes were auctioned by the U.S. Marshals Service in September 2009. Sheryl Weinstein, former chief financial officer of Hadassah, disclosed in a memoir that she and Madoff had had an affair more than 20 years earlier. As of 1997, when Weinstein\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789941\",\n \"text\": \"helped Madoff create a phony paper trail, the false account statements that were supplied to clients. Bernard Madoff suffered a heart attack in December 2013, and reportedly suffers from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). According to CBS New York and other news sources, Madoff claimed in an email to CNBC in January 2014 that he has kidney cancer but this is unconfirmed. Madoff was a prominent philanthropist, who served on boards of nonprofit institutions, many of which entrusted his firm with their endowments. The collapse and freeze of his personal assets and those of his firm affected businesses, charities, and foundations\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789935\",\n \"text\": \"and Chief Compliance Officer, and Peter's daughter, Shana Madoff, also an attorney, was the firm's compliance attorney. On the morning of December 11, 2010 — exactly two years after Bernard's arrest — his son Mark was found dead in his New York City apartment. The city medical examiner ruled the cause of death as suicide by hanging. Over the years, Madoff's sons had borrowed money from their parents, to purchase homes and other property. Mark Madoff owed his parents $22 million, and Andrew Madoff owed them $9.5 million. There were two loans in 2008 from Bernard Madoff to Andrew: $4.3\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789933\",\n \"text\": \"my well being, including the staff <nowiki>[…]</nowiki> It's much safer here than walking the streets of New York. After an inmate slapped Madoff because he had changed the channel on the TV, it was reported that Madoff befriended Carmine Persico, boss of the Colombo crime family since 1973, one of New York's five American Mafia families. It was believed Persico had intimidated the inmate who slapped Madoff in the face. On November 28, 1959, Madoff married Ruth Alpern, whom he had met while attending Far Rockaway High School. The two eventually began dating. Ruth graduated from high school in 1958,\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789911\",\n \"text\": \"he confessed. In February 2009, Madoff reached an agreement with the SEC. It was later revealed that as part of the agreement, Madoff accepted a lifetime ban from the securities industry. Picard sued Madoff's sons, Mark and Andrew, his brother Peter, and Peter's daughter, Shana, for negligence and breach of fiduciary duty, for $198 million. The defendants had received over $80 million in compensation since 2001. According to the SEC indictment against Annette Bongiorno and Joann Crupi, two back office workers who worked for Madoff, they created false trading reports based on the returns that Madoff ordered for each customer.\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789906\",\n \"text\": \"overseen the fraudulent advisory business, that he was finished. On December 9, he told his brother about the fraud. According to the sons, Madoff told Mark Madoff on the following day, December 9, that he planned to pay out $173 million in bonuses two months early. Madoff said that \\\"he had recently made profits through business operations, and that now was a good time to distribute it.\\\" Mark told Andrew Madoff, and the next morning they went to their father's office and asked him how he could pay bonuses to his staff if he was having trouble paying clients. They\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137505\",\n \"text\": \"the act of putting together the various account statements, which did show trading activity, has to involve a number of people. You would need office and support personnel, people who actually knew what the market prices were for the securities that were being traded. You would need accountants so that the internal documents reconcile with the documents being sent to customers at least on a superficial basis,\\\" said Tom Dewey, a securities lawyer. The criminal case is U.S.A. v. Madoff, 1:08-mJ-02735. The SEC case is \\\"Securities and Exchange Commission v. Madoff\\\", 1:08-cv- 10791, both U.S. District Court, Southern District of\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13301448\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York (Manhattan) was made permanent. As part of the judgment, Madoff was banned from the securities industry. He also agreed that his assets would remain frozen and not violate any securities laws. The agreement did not require Madoff to admit or deny any allegations against him. It also left the issues of any civil fines and repayments to be imposed against Madoff for a later time. The agreement was unrelated to any plea or indictment in the criminal matter. About 120 Madoff-related class actions have been filed – mainly suits on behalf of\",\n \"title\": \"Recovery of funds from the Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137519\",\n \"text\": \"$70 million in assets for Ruth, arguing that it was unconnected to the fraud scheme. Prosecutors recommended a prison sentence of 150 years, the maximum possible under federal sentencing guidelines. They informed Chin that Irving Picard, the trustee overseeing bankruptcy proceedings for the Madoff organization, had indicated that \\\"Mr. Madoff has not provided meaningful cooperation or assistance.\\\" The Bureau of US Prisons had recommended 50 years, while defense lawyer Ira Sorkin had recommended 12 years, arguing that Madoff had confessed. The judge granted Madoff permission to wear his personal clothing at sentencing. On June 29, Judge Chin sentenced Madoff to\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13301189\",\n \"text\": \"need accountants so that the internal documents reconcile with the documents being sent to customers at least on a superficial basis,\\\" said Tom Dewey, a securities lawyer. Anthony Barkow, a former federal prosecutor in New York City who is currently a partner at Jenner & Block LLP was quoted as saying \\\"Bernie Madoff claiming that he acted alone was ridiculous. His surrender was clearly a strategy to try to insulate his family and co- conspirators and made it more difficult for the government to make the case, so it's taken time but they've shown that they're clearly working on it.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Participants in the Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10126617\",\n \"text\": \"Bernie Glow Bernie Glow (February 6, 1926 – May 8, 1982) was an American trumpet player who specialized in jazz and commercial lead trumpet from the 1940s to 1970s. Glow's early career was on the road with Artie Shaw, Woody Herman and others during the last years of the big-band era. The majority of his years were spent as a first-rate New York City studio musician, where he worked with Miles Davis and Frank Sinatra, and did thousands of radio and television recording sessions. At The High School of Music & Art, during the Second World War, Bernie played in\",\n \"title\": \"Bernie Glow\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137491\",\n \"text\": \"which email statements. Madoff operated as a broker-dealer who also ran an asset management division. In 2003, Joe Aaron, a hedge-fund professional, also found the structure suspicious and warned a colleague to avoid investing in the fund, \\\"Why would a good businessman work his magic for pennies on the dollar?\\\" he concluded. Also in 2003, Renaissance Technologies, \\\"arguably the most successful hedge fund in the world\\\", reduced its exposure to Madoff's fund first by 50 percent and eventually completely because of suspicions about the consistency of returns, the fact that Madoff charged very little compared to other hedge funds and\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17099397\",\n \"text\": \"New York Enforcement Office, of which Swanson was not a part, closed its investigation of Bernie Madoff. On 15 September 2006, Swanson left the SEC. On 8 December 2006, Swanson and Shana Madoff became engaged. In 2009, after the scandal broke, SEC Inspector General H. David Kotz investigated, and concluded that there was no evidence that Swanson's romantic relationship with Shana Madoff influenced the closing of the SEC investigation of Madoff. He did conclude, however, that: \\\"Swanson's communication with Shana during the period of time he was engaged in a cause examination of her uncle and father's firm, created the\",\n \"title\": \"Eric Swanson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17099396\",\n \"text\": \"supervisor) about unusual trading at a Bernie Madoff fund; Walker-Lightfoot was told to instead concentrate on an unrelated matter. Swanson and Walker-Lightfoot's boss asked for her research, but did not act upon it. In February 2006, Swanson was emailed by Assistant Director John Nee that the SEC’s New York Regional Office was investigating a complaint that Bernard Madoff might be running “the biggest Ponzi scheme ever.” In April 2006, Swanson began to date Shana Madoff. Swanson reported the relationship to his supervisor who wrote in an email \\\"I guess we won't be investigating Madoff anytime soon.\\\" In 2006, the SEC's\",\n \"title\": \"Eric Swanson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137502\",\n \"text\": \"ahead of schedule, from $200 million in assets that the firm still had. According to the complaint, Mark and Andrew, reportedly unaware of the firm's pending insolvency, confronted their father, asking him how the firm could pay bonuses to employees if it could not pay investors. At that point, Madoff asked his sons to follow him to his apartment, where he admitted that he was \\\"finished\\\", and that the asset management arm of the firm was in fact a Ponzi scheme – as he put it, \\\"one big lie\\\". Mark and Andrew then reported him to the authorities. Madoff intended\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137537\",\n \"text\": \"of Bernard Madoff's fraud, the bank offered in March 2009 to compensate eligible investors 50 percent of the money they initially invested with Madoff. On December 6, 2010, Union Bancaire Privée announced it had reached a settlement with the trustee for Madoff Investment Securities. UBP sidestepped the suit when it agreed to pay as much as $500 million to resolve Bernard Madoff trustee's claims. UBP was the first bank to settle Madoff trustee's claim. With this settlement, the Trustee agreed to discharge his \\\"clawback\\\" claims against UBP, its affiliates and clients. Bank Medici is an Austrian bank founded by Sonja\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137513\",\n \"text\": \"filed an 11-count criminal information, or complaint, charging Madoff with 11 federal crimes: securities fraud, investment adviser fraud, mail fraud, wire fraud, three counts of money laundering, false statements, perjury, making false filings with the SEC, and theft from an employee benefit plan. The complaint stated that Madoff had defrauded his clients of almost $65 billion – thus spelling out the largest Ponzi scheme in history, as well as the largest investor fraud committed by a single person. Madoff pleaded guilty to three counts of money laundering. Prosecutors allege that he used the London Office, Madoff Securities International Ltd. to\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137510\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff was released on the same day of his arrest after posting $10 million bail. Madoff and his wife surrendered their passports, and he was subject to travel restrictions, a 7 p.m. curfew at his co-op, and electronic monitoring as a condition of bail. Although Madoff only had two co-signers for his $10 million bail, his wife and his brother Peter, rather than the four required, a judge allowed him free on bail but ordered him confined to his apartment. Madoff has reportedly received death threats that have been referred to the FBI, and the SEC referred to fears of\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137499\",\n \"text\": \"never-invested $10 million, deposited in a Madoff account at JPMorgan, wired six days before Madoff's arrest. Judge Lifland ruled that Rosenman was \\\"indistinguishable\\\" from any other Madoff client, so there was no basis for giving him special treatment to recover funds. The judge separately declined to dismiss a lawsuit brought by Hadleigh Holdings, which claims it entrusted $1 million to the Madoff firm three days before his arrest. Madoff asked others for money in the final weeks before his arrest, including Wall Street financier Kenneth Langone, whose office was sent a 19-page pitch book, allegedly created by the staff at\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137498\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff struggled to keep the scheme afloat. In November 2008, Madoff Securities International (MSIL) in London made two fund transfers to Bernard Madoff Investment Securities of approximately $164 million. MSIL had neither customers nor clients, and there is no evidence that it conducted any trades on behalf of third parties. Madoff received $250 million around December 1, 2008, from Carl J. Shapiro, a 95-year-old Boston philanthropist and entrepreneur who was one of Madoff's oldest friends and biggest financial backers. On December 5, he accepted $10 million from Martin Rosenman, president of Rosenman Family LLC, who later sought to recover the\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137495\",\n \"text\": \"broker-dealer's account into his Ponzi scheme account. Eventually, he drew on $342 million from his broker-dealer's credit lines to keep the Ponzi scheme afloat through 2006. Markopolos wrote that he suspected Madoff was on the brink of insolvency as early as June 2005, when his team learned he was seeking loans from banks. By then, at least two major banks were no longer willing to lend money to their customers to invest it with Madoff. In June 2008, Markopolos' team uncovered evidence that Madoff was accepting leveraged money. To Markopolos' mind, Madoff was running out of cash and needed to\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137492\",\n \"text\": \"the impossibility of the strategy Madoff claimed to use because options volume had no relation to the amount of money Madoff was said to administer. The options volume implied that Madoff's fund had $750 million, while he was believed to be managing $15 billion. And only if Madoff was assumed to be responsible for all the options traded in the most liquid strike price. Charles J. Gradante, co-founder of hedge-fund research firm Hennessee Group, observed that Madoff \\\"only had five down months since 1996\\\", and commented on Madoff's investment performance: \\\"You can't go 10 or 15 years with only three\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137483\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff. Markopolos' bosses at Rampart asked him to design a product that could replicate Madoff's returns. However, Markopolos concluded almost immediately that Madoff's numbers didn't add up. After four hours of trying and failing to replicate Madoff's returns, Markopolos concluded Madoff was a fraud. He told the SEC that based on his analysis of Madoff's returns, it was mathematically impossible for Madoff to deliver them using the strategies he claimed to use. In his view, there were only two ways to explain the figures—either Madoff was front running his order flow, or his wealth management business was a massive Ponzi\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137472\",\n \"text\": \"trade group. The Madoff family has long-standing, high-level ties to the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA), the primary securities industry organization. Bernard Madoff sat on the board of directors of the Securities Industry Association, which merged with the Bond Market Association in 2006 to form SIFMA. Madoff's brother Peter then served two terms as a member of SIFMA's board of directors. Peter's resignation as the scandal broke in December 2008 came amid growing criticism of the Madoff firm's links to Washington, and how those relationships may have contributed to the Madoff fraud. Over the years 2000–08, the two\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137468\",\n \"text\": \"for outsiders to understand\\\". He was secretive about the firm's business, and kept his financial statements closely guarded. The \\\"New York Post\\\" reported that Madoff \\\"worked the so-called 'Jewish circuit' of well-heeled Jews he met at country clubs on Long Island and in Palm Beach\\\". (The scandal so affected Palm Beach that, according to \\\"The Globe and Mail\\\", residents \\\"stopped talking about the local destruction the Madoff storm caused only when Hurricane Trump came along\\\" in 2016.) \\\"The New York Times\\\" reported that Madoff courted many prominent Jewish executives and organizations; according to the Associated Press, they \\\"trusted [Madoff] because\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13137462\",\n \"text\": \"Building, with the investment management division, referred to as the \\\"hedge fund\\\", employing a staff of approximately 24. Madoff ran a branch office in London that employed 28 people, separate from Madoff Securities. The company handled investments for his family of approximately £80 million. Two remote cameras installed in the London office permitted Madoff to monitor events from New York. In 1992, Bernard Madoff explained his purported strategy to \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\". He said the returns were really nothing special, given that the Standard & Poors 500-stock index generated an average annual return of 16.3% between November 1982 and\",\n \"title\": \"Madoff investment scandal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"822023\",\n \"text\": \"named Wrightson's \\\"Frankenstein\\\" as the work whose original artwork was the hardest to find, saying, \\\"They are very rare. The people that have them don't let them go. It's taken me years to get that. I have nine out of the 13 favorite plates of the Frankenstein book that Bernie Wrightson ever did. The other four: one of them, no one knows where it is, and the other three are, I would say, very hard to pry away from the people that have them.\\\" Wrightson won the Shazam Award for Best Penciller (Dramatic Division) in 1972 and 1973 for Swamp\",\n \"title\": \"Bernie Wrightson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17088403\",\n \"text\": \"Kingate Management Kingate Management is a Hamilton, Bermuda hedge fund. It was a feeder fund into the securities firm of Bernie Madoff, as part of the Madoff investment scandal. Kingate Management and Tremont Capital Management set up Kingate Global Fund Ltd. (KING) as a joint venture. It charged an initial fee of 5%, and then 1.5% of assets per year. It was one of the largest feeder funds of Bernie Madoff, and raised $3.5 billion for Madoff starting in 1994. It was overseen by FIM Advisers LLP, a London firm. The fund lost all of its assets in the Madoff\",\n \"title\": \"Kingate Management\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9322289\",\n \"text\": \"environmental activist. The polluted air of Pittsburgh adversely affected her asthma, inspiring her to start Group Against Smog and Pollution (GASP) in 1969. Madoff co-founded and was the first president of the Pittsburgh-based organization, a local group with a long history of environmental activism. Madoff worked with Jones and Laughlin Steel Company to keep steel-working jobs in Pittsburgh. She was unsuccessful in runs for Pittsburgh City Council in 1973 and Allegheny County Commissioner in 1975. Madoff was first elected in 1978 to fill the unexpired term of Richard Caliguiri. Caliguiri was serving as President of Pittsburgh City Council and became\",\n \"title\": \"Michelle Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097661\",\n \"text\": \"fabricating documents to evade taxes and to help BLMIS escape SEC scrutiny. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison. As part of her father's forfeiture deal with the Justice Department, the $2.3 million in proceeds from selling Shana's five-bedroom East Hampton house was surrendered. In October 2009, court-appointed trustee Irving Picard charged in a civil lawsuit that she played a role in filing a January 2008 form that inflated the assets that the Madoff firm in fact had. Picard sued her, her father and two cousins (Mark Madoff and Andrew Madoff) for what he claimed was $198.7 million of\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097660\",\n \"text\": \"In 2008, Bernard Madoff spoke at a business roundtable meeting of his \\\"very close\\\" relationship with an SEC lawyer, and chuckled: \\\"my niece even married one\\\". In April 2009, Richards recused herself from the Madoff investigation. Swanson is now general counsel at BATS Trading, the third-largest U.S. stock exchange. Shana Madoff's uncle Bernard pleaded guilty to federal charges against him, following the Madoff investment scandal becoming public, in March 2009. He was sentenced to 150 years in prison. Her father, Peter, the chief compliance officer of BLMIS, who was her boss at the company, pleaded guilty in July 2012 to\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17097653\",\n \"text\": \"Madoff investment scandal. In 2015, U.S. Marshals auctioned 420 lots of assets belonging to Shana Madoff and her father Peter, pursuant to a court order. Shana Diane Madoff was born in Queens, New York, in 1967, and grew up in Woodbury on the North Shore of Long Island. She graduated from the University of Michigan in 1992, and from Fordham Law School in 1995. In 1997 she married Scott Skoller, a men's clothing store manager from Roslyn, New York, and changed her name to Shana Skoller. Together they had a daughter, Rebecca, before divorcing. In 2007, she married Eric Swanson,\",\n \"title\": \"Shana Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14750660\",\n \"text\": \"Imagining Madoff Imagining Madoff is a 2010 play by playwright Deb Margolin that tells the story of an imagined encounter between Bernard Madoff, the admitted operator of what has been described as the largest Ponzi scheme in history, and his victims. Margolin had originally planned to use Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel as a character representing a victim, but was obliged by legal threats to substitute a fictional character, whom she named Solomon Galkin. Wiesel had been one of Madoff's most notable victims, having lost his life savings to Madoff's fraud in addition to more than $15 million\",\n \"title\": \"Imagining Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789944\",\n \"text\": \"educational, cultural, and health charities, including those later forced to close because of Madoff's fraud. After Madoff's arrest, the assets of the Madoff Family Foundation were frozen by a federal court. Impact of Madoff The systemic problems exposed in the Madoff prosecution have not improved remedies for fraud victims. Indeed, since the exposure, it has become far harder for a fraud victim to prevail. In 2009, the Supreme Court required a plaintiff to establish his claim before any disclosure is required by the defendant. \\\"Labels and conclusions\\\" and \\\"a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action\\\" will\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789937\",\n \"text\": \"remained the targets of a tax fraud investigation by federal prosecutors, according to \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\". David Friehling, Bernard Madoff's tax accountant, who pleaded guilty in a related case, is reportedly assisting in the investigation. According to a civil lawsuit filed in October 2009, trustee Irving Picard alleges that Peter Madoff deposited $32,146 into his Madoff accounts and withdrew over $16 million; Andrew deposited almost $1 million into his accounts and withdrew $17 million; Mark deposited $745,482 and withdrew $18.1 million. Bernard Madoff lived in Roslyn, New York, in a ranch house through the 1970s. After 1980, he owned\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789934\",\n \"text\": \"and earned her bachelor's degree at Queens College. She was employed at the stock market in Manhattan before working in Madoff's firm, and she founded the Madoff Charitable Foundation. Bernard and Ruth Madoff had two sons: Mark (March 11, 1964 – December 11, 2010), a 1986 graduate of the University of Michigan, and Andrew (April 8, 1966 – September 3, 2014), a 1988 graduate of University of Pennsylvania's Wharton Business School. Both sons later worked in the trading section alongside paternal cousin Charles Weiner. Several family members worked for Madoff. His younger brother, Peter, an attorney, was Senior Managing Director\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789930\",\n \"text\": \"recommend that the Federal Bureau of Prisons place Madoff in the Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville, which is located from Manhattan. The judge, however, only recommended that Madoff be sent to a facility in the Northeast United States. Madoff was transferred to the Federal Correctional Institution Butner Medium near Butner, North Carolina, about northwest of Raleigh; he is Bureau of Prisons Register #61727-054. Jeff Gammage of the \\\"Philadelphia Inquirer\\\" said \\\"Madoff's heavy sentence likely determined his fate.\\\" Madoff's projected release date is November 14, 2139. The release date, described as \\\"academic\\\" in Madoff's case because he would have to live to\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789922\",\n \"text\": \"government announced that it would begin paying out $772.5 million to more than 24,000 victims of the Ponzi scheme. On March 12, 2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies, including securities fraud, wire fraud, mail fraud, money laundering, making false statements, perjury, theft from an employee benefit plan, and making false filings with the SEC. The plea was the response to a criminal complaint filed two days earlier, which stated that over the past 20 years, Madoff had defrauded his clients of almost $65 billion in the largest Ponzi scheme in history. Madoff insisted he was solely responsible for\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789908\",\n \"text\": \"they left their father's apartment, Mark and Andrew immediately contacted a lawyer, who in turn got them in touch with federal prosecutors and the SEC. On December 11, 2008, Madoff was arrested and charged with securities fraud. Madoff posted $10 million bail in December 2008 and remained under 24-hour monitoring and house arrest in his Upper East Side penthouse apartment until March 12, 2009, when Judge Denny Chin revoked his bail and remanded him to the Metropolitan Correctional Center. Chin ruled that Madoff was a flight risk because of his age, his wealth, and the prospect of spending the rest\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789888\",\n \"text\": \"2009, Madoff pleaded guilty to 11 federal felonies and admitted to turning his wealth management business into a massive Ponzi scheme. The Madoff investment scandal defrauded thousands of investors of billions of dollars. Madoff said that he began the Ponzi scheme in the early 1990s, but federal investigators believe that the fraud began as early as the mid-1980s and may have begun as far back as the 1970s. Those charged with recovering the missing money believe that the investment operation may never have been legitimate. The amount missing from client accounts was almost $65 billion, including fabricated gains. The Securities\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12789885\",\n \"text\": \"Bernard Madoff Bernard Lawrence Madoff (; born April 29, 1938) is an American former market maker, investment advisor, financier, fraudster, and convicted felon, who is currently serving a federal prison sentence for offences related to a massive Ponzi scheme. He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market, the confessed operator of the largest Ponzi scheme in world history, and the largest financial fraud in U.S. history. Prosecutors estimated the fraud to be worth $64.8 billion based on the amounts in the accounts of Madoff's 4,800 clients as of November 30, 2008. Madoff founded a penny stock brokerage\",\n \"title\": \"Bernard Madoff\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["bernard l. madoff investment securities"],"string":"[\n \"bernard l. madoff investment securities\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":879,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what website did mark zuckerberg co founder?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15053394","text":"is protective for perpetrators. Zuckerberg and her husband Brent Tworetzky have two sons. The family resides in New York City. Randi Zuckerberg Randi Jayne Zuckerberg (born February 28, 1982) is an American businesswoman. She is the former director of market development and spokesperson for Facebook, and a sister of the company's co-founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg. Prior to working at Facebook, she was a panelist on \"Forbes on Fox\". As of May 2014, she is founder and CEO of Zuckerberg Media, editor-in-chief (EIC) of Dot Complicated, a digital lifestyle website, and creator of \"Dot.\", an animated television show about a","title":"Randi Zuckerberg"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15053394\",\n \"text\": \"is protective for perpetrators. Zuckerberg and her husband Brent Tworetzky have two sons. The family resides in New York City. Randi Zuckerberg Randi Jayne Zuckerberg (born February 28, 1982) is an American businesswoman. She is the former director of market development and spokesperson for Facebook, and a sister of the company's co-founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg. Prior to working at Facebook, she was a panelist on \\\"Forbes on Fox\\\". As of May 2014, she is founder and CEO of Zuckerberg Media, editor-in-chief (EIC) of Dot Complicated, a digital lifestyle website, and creator of \\\"Dot.\\\", an animated television show about a\",\n \"title\": \"Randi Zuckerberg\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"6170667","text":"script: On January 29, 2011, Zuckerberg made a surprise guest appearance on \"Saturday Night Live\", which was being hosted by Jesse Eisenberg. They both said it was the first time they ever met. Eisenberg asked Zuckerberg, who had been critical of his portrayal by the film, what he thought of the movie. Zuckerberg replied, \"It was interesting.\" In a subsequent interview about their meeting, Eisenberg explains that he was \"nervous to meet him, because I had spent now, a year and a half thinking about him ...\" He adds, \"Mark has been so gracious about something that's really so uncomfortable","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"18566264","text":"cultures, beliefs, histories and technologies.\" \"The Atlantic\" wrote that it \"has the potential to be Oprahesque in its influence on book sales\", in reference to the Oprah Book Club after the first selection by Moisés Naím caused Amazon's stock to sell out. An article in \"The New Yorker\" made a similar comparison to Oprah. \"The Associated Press\" noted that the second selection by Steven Pinker did not result in any increase in sales according to Nielsen BookScan data. Mark Zuckerberg book club Mark Zuckerberg book club aka A Year of Books was an online book club hosted by Mark Zuckerberg","title":"Mark Zuckerberg book club"},{"psg_id":"6170678","text":"their second daughter. In 2002, Zuckerberg registered to vote in Westchester County, New York, where he grew up, but did not cast a ballot until November 2008. Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters Spokeswoman, Elma Rosas, told Bloomberg that Zuckerberg is listed as \"no preference\" on voter rolls, and he voted in at least two of the past three general elections, in 2008 and 2012. Zuckerberg has never revealed his own political views: some news outlets consider him to be a conservative, while others consider him liberal. On February 13, 2013, Zuckerberg hosted his first ever fundraising event for New","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170635","text":"a software program he called \"ZuckNet\" that allowed all the computers between the house and dental office to communicate with each other. It is considered a \"primitive\" version of AOL's Instant Messenger, which came out the following year. According to writer Jose Antonio Vargas, \"some kids played computer games. Mark created them.\" Zuckerberg himself recalls this period: \"I had a bunch of friends who were artists. They'd come over, draw stuff, and I'd build a game out of it.\" Vargas notes that Zuckerberg was not, however, a typical \"geek-klutz\", as he later became captain of his prep school fencing team","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170672","text":"December 7, 2018, Epic Rap Battles of History released a rap battle between Zuckerberg and Elon Musk. Zuckerberg donated an undisclosed amount to Diaspora, an open-source personal Web server that implements a distributed social networking service. He called it a \"cool idea\". Zuckerberg founded the Start-up: Education foundation. On September 22, 2010, it was reported that Zuckerberg had donated $100 million to Newark Public Schools, the public school system of Newark, New Jersey. Critics noted the timing of the donation as being close to the release of \"The Social Network\", which painted a somewhat negative portrait of Zuckerberg. Zuckerberg responded","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170688","text":"he felt confident that the risk of miscarrying was low so far into the pregnancy, after Chan had already suffered three miscarriages. On December 1, Zuckerberg announced the birth of their daughter, Maxima Chan Zuckerberg (\"Max\"). The couple announced on their Chinese New Year video, published on February 6, 2016, that Maxima's official Chinese name is Chen Mingyu (). They welcomed their second daughter, August, in August 2017. Zuckerberg has also been very active in China, and he has been a member of Tsinghua University business school's advisory board since 2014. Zuckerberg was raised Jewish but later identified as an","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170687","text":"met his future wife, fellow student Priscilla Chan, at a fraternity party during his sophomore year at Harvard. They began dating in 2003. In September 2010, Zuckerberg invited Chan, by then a medical student at the University of California, to move into his rented Palo Alto house. Zuckerberg studied Mandarin in preparation for the couple's visit to China in December 2010. On May 19, 2012, Zuckerberg and Chan married in Zuckerberg's backyard in an event that also celebrated her graduation from medical school. On July 31, 2015, Zuckerberg announced that he and Chan were expecting a baby girl. He said","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170639","text":"In addition, many students complained that their photos were being used without permission. Zuckerberg apologized publicly, and the student paper ran articles stating that his site was \"completely improper.\" The following semester, in January 2004, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new Web site. On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched \"Thefacebook\", originally located at thefacebook.com. Six days after the site launched, three Harvard seniors, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com, while he was instead using their ideas to build a competing","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170679","text":"Jersey Governor Chris Christie. Zuckerberg's particular interest on this occasion was education reform, and Christie's education reform work focused on teachers unions and the expansion of charter schools. Later that year, Zuckerberg hosted a campaign fundraiser for Newark mayor Cory Booker, who was running in the 2013 New Jersey special Senate election. In September 2010, with the support of Governor Chris Christie, Booker obtained a US$100 million pledge from Zuckerberg to Newark Public Schools. In December 2012, Zuckerberg donated 18 million shares to the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, a community organization that includes education in its list of grant-making areas.","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170677","text":"US$45 billion, to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, their new organization that will focus on health and education. The donation will not be given immediately, but over the course of their lives. Instead of forming a charitable corporation to donate the value of the stock to, as Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Larry Page, Sergey Brin and other tech billionaires have done, Zuckerberg and Chan chose to use the structure of a limited liability company. This has drawn criticism from a number of journalists. Chan and Zuckerberg also signed The Giving Pledge. On August 28, 2017, the couple announced the birth of","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170634","text":"attended the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth summer camp. On his college application, Zuckerberg stated that he could read and write French, Hebrew, Latin, and ancient Greek. He was captain of the fencing team. Zuckerberg began using computers and writing software in middle school. His father taught him Atari BASIC Programming in the 1990s, and later hired software developer David Newman to tutor him privately. Zuckerberg took a graduate course in the subject at Mercy College near his home while still in high school. In one program, since his father's dental practice was operated from their home, he built","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"20950057","text":"she was born in 1987, the third of four children. She says the family was tight-knit and the parents encouraged their children to develop whatever talents they had. All three of her siblings, Mark Zuckerberg, Randi Zuckerberg and Arielle Zuckerberg, work in the technology sector. Zuckerberg currently lives in Silicon Valley with her husband and her two children. While she was doing her graduate studies, Zuckerberg wrote a food blog called \"Sugar Mountain Treats\". Donna Zuckerberg Donna Zuckerberg is an American classicist, editor-in-chief of an online journal and author of the book \"Not All Dead White Men\" (2018) on the","title":"Donna Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"20950044","text":"Donna Zuckerberg Donna Zuckerberg is an American classicist, editor-in-chief of an online journal and author of the book \"Not All Dead White Men\" (2018) on the appropriation of classics by misogynist groups on the Internet. Zuckerberg earned her Ph.D. in classics at Princeton University in 2014, specializing in the study of ancient tragedy. The title of her doctoral thesis was \"The Oversubtle Maxim Chasers: Aristophanes, Euripides, and their Reciprocal Pursuit of Poetic Identity.\" Her doctoral adviser was Professor Andrew Ford. The classicist Natalie Haynes notes that Zuckerberg 'is a classicist with a strong Internet pedigree'. Zuckerberg is the founder and","title":"Donna Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170680","text":"On April 11, 2013, Zuckerberg led the launch of a 501(c)(4) lobbying group called FWD.us. The founders and contributors to the group were primarily Silicon Valley entrepreneurs and investors, and its president was Joe Green, a close friend of Zuckerberg. The goals of the group include immigration reform, improving the state of education in the United States, and enabling more technological breakthroughs that benefit the public, yet it has also been criticized for financing ads advocating a variety of oil and gas development initiatives, including drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the Keystone XL pipeline. In 2013, numerous","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170663","text":"According to him, the social network was not doing enough to ban posts to its platform that incite violence against Israelis. \"Some of the victims' blood is on Zuckerberg's hands\", Erdan said. In January 2017, Zuckerberg filed eight \"quiet title and partition\" lawsuits against hundreds of native Hawaiians to purchase small tracts of land which they own. This land is contained within the 700 acres of land in the Hawaiian island of Kauai that Zuckerberg had purchased in 2014. When he learned that Hawaiian land ownership law differs from that of the other 49 states, he dropped the lawsuits. On","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170633","text":"were brought up in Dobbs Ferry, New York, a small Westchester County village about 21 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. Zuckerberg was raised in a Reform Jewish household, with ancestors hailing from Germany, Austria and Poland. He had a \"Star Wars\" themed Bar Mitzvah when he turned 13 and once \"questioned things\" before deciding \"religion is very important\". At Ardsley High School, Zuckerberg excelled in classes. He transferred to the private school Phillips Exeter Academy, in New Hampshire, in his junior year, where he won prizes in science (mathematics, astronomy, and physics) and classical studies. In his youth, he also","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"17247247","text":"What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.","title":"What Katie Did (company)"},{"psg_id":"6170673","text":"to the criticism, saying, \"The thing that I was most sensitive about with the movie timing was, I didn't want the press about \"The Social Network\" movie to get conflated with the Newark project. I was thinking about doing this anonymously just so that the two things could be kept separate.\" Newark Mayor Cory Booker stated that he and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie had to convince Zuckerberg's team not to make the donation anonymously. The money was largely wasted, according to journalist Dale Russakoff. On December 9, 2010, Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, and investor Warren Buffett signed \"The Giving Pledge\",","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170665","text":"was told about the film, he responded, \"I just wished that nobody made a movie of me while I was still alive.\" Also, after the film's script was leaked on the Internet and it was apparent that the film would not portray Zuckerberg in a wholly positive light, he stated that he wanted to establish himself as a \"good guy\". The film is based on the book \"The Accidental Billionaires\" by Ben Mezrich, which the book's publicist once described as \"big juicy fun\" rather than \"reportage\". The film's screenwriter Aaron Sorkin told \"New York\" magazine, \"I don't want my fidelity","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170656","text":"will also create new jobs and open up new markets, according to Zuckerberg. He stated in his post: The world economy is going through a massive transition right now. The knowledge economy is the future. By bringing everyone online, we'll not only improve billions of lives, but we'll also improve our own as we benefit from the ideas and productivity they contribute to the world. Giving everyone the opportunity to connect is the foundation for enabling the knowledge economy. It is not the only thing we need to do, but it's a fundamental and necessary step. To stay proven on","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"6170637","text":"time Zuckerberg began classes at Harvard, he had already achieved a \"reputation as a programming prodigy\". He studied psychology and computer science and belonged to Alpha Epsilon Pi and Kirkland House. In his sophomore year, he wrote a program that he called CourseMatch, which allowed users to make class selection decisions based on the choices of other students and also to help them form study groups. A short time later, he created a different program he initially called Facemash that let students select the best looking person from a choice of photos. According to Arie Hasit, Zuckerberg's roommate at the","title":"Mark Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"17338140","text":"What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"20458193","text":"effort to illustrate the lyrical content of Full Stop. In March 2018 the band made their first appearance at Austin, TX's South by Southwest Music Festival, performing at South by Hikes Fest on March 14. In early April 2018 the band announced plans for their first Full US tour, to be followed by their first string of international tour dates - a 10-day tour of Japan. Current Already Know Full Stop Balance and Composure The Dan Cable Presents Podcast The Western Sessions (Acoustic) The Golden Gate Sessions (Acoustic) The Co Founder The Co Founder is an American Emo band based","title":"The Co Founder"},{"psg_id":"20458187","text":"The Co Founder The Co Founder is an American Emo band based out of the Pacific Northwest, located in the upper Northwest corner of the United States. Formed in 2015, the band's current lineup consists of Hayden Eller (vocals, guitar), Nikko Van Wyck (bass guitar), Luke Hogfoss (Guitar, vocals) and Jake Barrow (drums, percussion). Described by \"New Noise Magazine\" as \"combin[ing] the anthemic arrangements of Manchester Orchestra, with lo-fi washed soundscapes reminiscent of The Radio Dept\". the band's \"infectious personality, coupled with relentless hooks and grueling tour schedule, has earned them one of the most loyal followings in DIY music.\"","title":"The Co Founder"},{"psg_id":"20950049","text":"women. Zuckerberg argues that the point of the Red Pill discourse \"is not for everything to hang together logically and to be totally immune to criticism. The point is to make people feel something—to make their audience feel validated and justified and scared and angry—and [get] any reaction [out of] them\" . Zuckerberg takes a feminist approach to classical antiquity, arguing that the ancient world was deeply misogynistic: 'it was a time when there was no word for rape, feminism did not exist and women's actions were determined by male relatives'. Alt-right groups are using classical texts, distorted and stripped","title":"Donna Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"17849612","text":"film received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 73% rating based on 41 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: \"Witty and well-cast, \"What We Did on Our Holiday\" injects unlikely laughs into a story dealing with dark, difficult themes.\" On Metacritic, the film has a 54 out of 100 rating, based on 14 critics. What We Did on Our Holiday What We Did on Our Holiday is a 2014 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin. The film, starring David Tennant, Rosamund Pike, and Billy","title":"What We Did on Our Holiday"},{"psg_id":"20950055","text":"Zuckerberg of deliberately misleading the reader in a way that 'verges on libel'. The tone of the review is condescending and derisory: 'Zuckerberg should re-read [Ovid] ..., in English if necessary, to see how dishonestly she has portrayed Ovid’s work here. Or does Dr Zuckerberg simply not understand that Ovid is merely saying here that he hopes his works will be read in the future...As for Greek: Dr Zuckerberg does not seem in general to comprehend that a given word may have several meanings'. Zuckerberg has spoken out against social media, arguing that it has created a toxic culture and","title":"Donna Zuckerberg"},{"psg_id":"16918900","text":"Power, author of the book that was the source material for the movie, the university scenes at the end of the film were shot at University College Dublin. Reviews for \"What Richard Did\" were overwhelmingly positive. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 30 reviews. On the review aggregator Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Peter Bradshaw, writing in \"The Guardian\", called the film slow-burning and disturbing. \"Abrahamson shows that whatever the failings and weaknesses","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"19193951","text":"round co-led by The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Sequoia Capital, along with investors Sofina, Lightspeed Venture Partners, and Times Internet. The funding has been raised to fuel their international expansion. On September 2016, CZI announced its new science program, Chan Zuckerberg Science, with $3 billion in investment over the next decade, with Cornelia Bargmann of Rockefeller University announced as the first president of science, to begin October 1, 2016. The goal of the program is to help cure, manage, or prevent all disease by the year 2100. $600 million of the $3 billion would be spent on BioHub, a location","title":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative"},{"psg_id":"13791178","text":"Saverin with an idea for what he calls \"Thefacebook\", an online social networking website that would be exclusive to Ivy League students. Saverin provides $1,000 in seed funding, allowing Mark to build the website, which quickly becomes popular. When they learn of \"Thefacebook\", the Winklevoss twins and Narendra are incensed, believing that Zuckerberg stole their idea while keeping them deliberately in the dark by stalling on developing the Harvard Connection website. They raise their complaint with Harvard President Larry Summers, who is dismissive and sees no value in either disciplinary action or \"Thefacebook\" website itself. Saverin and Zuckerberg meet fellow","title":"The Social Network"},{"psg_id":"14693059","text":"bungee rope is identical to him doing the same on the cover of his newly released album \"Escapology\". Williams entrance was accompanied by \"Let Me Entertain You\", a song he often uses as the first song. As he often does, Williams dedicated his 12th song \"No Regrets\" to his former Take That bandmates Gary Barlow, Jason Orange, Mark Owen, and Howard Donald. The performance of \"Back for Good\" on the third night by Williams and Owen was not included in the main section of the DVD. What We Did Last Summer What We Did Last Summer – Robbie Williams: Live","title":"What We Did Last Summer"},{"psg_id":"16918899","text":"Unlike Abrahamson's previous two films, the screenplay for \"What Richard Did\" was not written by Mark O'Halloran but by Malcolm Campbell. The details of the plot deviate significantly from the source novel. The director worked with the cast for a full year in advance of production while script development was ongoing, holding a series of workshops in an effort to make successive drafts more reflective of contemporary Irish youth culture. Shot on location in Dublin and Wicklow, the film was financed by the Irish Film Board and Screen Scene, and was produced by Element Pictures. At the request of Kevin","title":"What Richard Did"},{"psg_id":"10149538","text":"is able to leave the club. Lauren and Audrina get into an argument with Heidi and Spencer outside of Les Deux, where Lauren delivers the now-famous quote \"You know what you did!\", elaborating that \"You started a sick little rumor about me! You're a sad, pathetic person.\" The following morning, Heidi explains to her co-worker Elodie Otto that she was unaware of said speculation, and still wants to reconcile with Lauren. Meanwhile, Lauren tells Whitney that she is saddened by the idea of losing her friend, although admits that she has benefited from their separation. \"You Know What You Did\"","title":"You Know What You Did"},{"psg_id":"14910963","text":"brightest of the nu-eyed-soul set\". What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \"Baseline\" that was a bonus track on \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\" (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share. Matt Collar of Allmusic stated that with this album \"2AM Club reveal","title":"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?"},{"psg_id":"14910962","text":"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \"Baseline\" that was a bonus track on \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\" (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share. Matt Collar of Allmusic stated that with this album \"2AM Club reveal themselves as the best and","title":"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?"},{"psg_id":"4609081","text":"of any dating site. Media attention was drawn in 2003 when the website was used by Labour Party MP Chris Bryant, and in 2006, when married Liberal Democrat leadership candidate Mark Oaten used it to find gay sexual partners. In 2011, Gaydar re-introduced \"filtering\" in chat rooms and member-to-member private messages, where lines containing competitors' brand names would appear to be sent but would not be delivered. The chairman and co-founder of Gaydar, Gary Frisch died unexpectedly at his home in London on 11 February 2007, aged 38 years. A verdict of misadventure was recorded by Dr Paul Knapman, the","title":"Gaydar (website)"},{"psg_id":"15053393","text":"in Advertising\". In September 2013, she released her first books with HarperCollins, an adult non-fiction book titled \"Dot Complicated\" and a children’s picture book called \"Dot\". Zuckerberg appeared on the \"Today Show\" on January 26, 2016 in a segment entitled \"2016 Netiquette\" in which she discussed modern day etiquette on the Internet. In the cartoon adaptation of \"Dot.\" she voices the character \"Ms. Randi\", Dot's music teacher who organizes the children's choir at the community center. In 2011 Zuckerberg advocated for the abolition of anonymity on the Internet to protect children and young adults from cyber-bullying. Zuckerberg explained how anonymity","title":"Randi Zuckerberg"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170667\",\n \"text\": \"script: On January 29, 2011, Zuckerberg made a surprise guest appearance on \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", which was being hosted by Jesse Eisenberg. They both said it was the first time they ever met. Eisenberg asked Zuckerberg, who had been critical of his portrayal by the film, what he thought of the movie. Zuckerberg replied, \\\"It was interesting.\\\" In a subsequent interview about their meeting, Eisenberg explains that he was \\\"nervous to meet him, because I had spent now, a year and a half thinking about him ...\\\" He adds, \\\"Mark has been so gracious about something that's really so uncomfortable\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18566264\",\n \"text\": \"cultures, beliefs, histories and technologies.\\\" \\\"The Atlantic\\\" wrote that it \\\"has the potential to be Oprahesque in its influence on book sales\\\", in reference to the Oprah Book Club after the first selection by Moisés Naím caused Amazon's stock to sell out. An article in \\\"The New Yorker\\\" made a similar comparison to Oprah. \\\"The Associated Press\\\" noted that the second selection by Steven Pinker did not result in any increase in sales according to Nielsen BookScan data. Mark Zuckerberg book club Mark Zuckerberg book club aka A Year of Books was an online book club hosted by Mark Zuckerberg\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg book club\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170678\",\n \"text\": \"their second daughter. In 2002, Zuckerberg registered to vote in Westchester County, New York, where he grew up, but did not cast a ballot until November 2008. Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters Spokeswoman, Elma Rosas, told Bloomberg that Zuckerberg is listed as \\\"no preference\\\" on voter rolls, and he voted in at least two of the past three general elections, in 2008 and 2012. Zuckerberg has never revealed his own political views: some news outlets consider him to be a conservative, while others consider him liberal. On February 13, 2013, Zuckerberg hosted his first ever fundraising event for New\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170635\",\n \"text\": \"a software program he called \\\"ZuckNet\\\" that allowed all the computers between the house and dental office to communicate with each other. It is considered a \\\"primitive\\\" version of AOL's Instant Messenger, which came out the following year. According to writer Jose Antonio Vargas, \\\"some kids played computer games. Mark created them.\\\" Zuckerberg himself recalls this period: \\\"I had a bunch of friends who were artists. They'd come over, draw stuff, and I'd build a game out of it.\\\" Vargas notes that Zuckerberg was not, however, a typical \\\"geek-klutz\\\", as he later became captain of his prep school fencing team\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170672\",\n \"text\": \"December 7, 2018, Epic Rap Battles of History released a rap battle between Zuckerberg and Elon Musk. Zuckerberg donated an undisclosed amount to Diaspora, an open-source personal Web server that implements a distributed social networking service. He called it a \\\"cool idea\\\". Zuckerberg founded the Start-up: Education foundation. On September 22, 2010, it was reported that Zuckerberg had donated $100 million to Newark Public Schools, the public school system of Newark, New Jersey. Critics noted the timing of the donation as being close to the release of \\\"The Social Network\\\", which painted a somewhat negative portrait of Zuckerberg. Zuckerberg responded\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170688\",\n \"text\": \"he felt confident that the risk of miscarrying was low so far into the pregnancy, after Chan had already suffered three miscarriages. On December 1, Zuckerberg announced the birth of their daughter, Maxima Chan Zuckerberg (\\\"Max\\\"). The couple announced on their Chinese New Year video, published on February 6, 2016, that Maxima's official Chinese name is Chen Mingyu (). They welcomed their second daughter, August, in August 2017. Zuckerberg has also been very active in China, and he has been a member of Tsinghua University business school's advisory board since 2014. Zuckerberg was raised Jewish but later identified as an\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170687\",\n \"text\": \"met his future wife, fellow student Priscilla Chan, at a fraternity party during his sophomore year at Harvard. They began dating in 2003. In September 2010, Zuckerberg invited Chan, by then a medical student at the University of California, to move into his rented Palo Alto house. Zuckerberg studied Mandarin in preparation for the couple's visit to China in December 2010. On May 19, 2012, Zuckerberg and Chan married in Zuckerberg's backyard in an event that also celebrated her graduation from medical school. On July 31, 2015, Zuckerberg announced that he and Chan were expecting a baby girl. He said\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170639\",\n \"text\": \"In addition, many students complained that their photos were being used without permission. Zuckerberg apologized publicly, and the student paper ran articles stating that his site was \\\"completely improper.\\\" The following semester, in January 2004, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new Web site. On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched \\\"Thefacebook\\\", originally located at thefacebook.com. Six days after the site launched, three Harvard seniors, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com, while he was instead using their ideas to build a competing\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170679\",\n \"text\": \"Jersey Governor Chris Christie. Zuckerberg's particular interest on this occasion was education reform, and Christie's education reform work focused on teachers unions and the expansion of charter schools. Later that year, Zuckerberg hosted a campaign fundraiser for Newark mayor Cory Booker, who was running in the 2013 New Jersey special Senate election. In September 2010, with the support of Governor Chris Christie, Booker obtained a US$100 million pledge from Zuckerberg to Newark Public Schools. In December 2012, Zuckerberg donated 18 million shares to the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, a community organization that includes education in its list of grant-making areas.\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170677\",\n \"text\": \"US$45 billion, to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, their new organization that will focus on health and education. The donation will not be given immediately, but over the course of their lives. Instead of forming a charitable corporation to donate the value of the stock to, as Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Larry Page, Sergey Brin and other tech billionaires have done, Zuckerberg and Chan chose to use the structure of a limited liability company. This has drawn criticism from a number of journalists. Chan and Zuckerberg also signed The Giving Pledge. On August 28, 2017, the couple announced the birth of\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170634\",\n \"text\": \"attended the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth summer camp. On his college application, Zuckerberg stated that he could read and write French, Hebrew, Latin, and ancient Greek. He was captain of the fencing team. Zuckerberg began using computers and writing software in middle school. His father taught him Atari BASIC Programming in the 1990s, and later hired software developer David Newman to tutor him privately. Zuckerberg took a graduate course in the subject at Mercy College near his home while still in high school. In one program, since his father's dental practice was operated from their home, he built\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20950057\",\n \"text\": \"she was born in 1987, the third of four children. She says the family was tight-knit and the parents encouraged their children to develop whatever talents they had. All three of her siblings, Mark Zuckerberg, Randi Zuckerberg and Arielle Zuckerberg, work in the technology sector. Zuckerberg currently lives in Silicon Valley with her husband and her two children. While she was doing her graduate studies, Zuckerberg wrote a food blog called \\\"Sugar Mountain Treats\\\". Donna Zuckerberg Donna Zuckerberg is an American classicist, editor-in-chief of an online journal and author of the book \\\"Not All Dead White Men\\\" (2018) on the\",\n \"title\": \"Donna Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20950044\",\n \"text\": \"Donna Zuckerberg Donna Zuckerberg is an American classicist, editor-in-chief of an online journal and author of the book \\\"Not All Dead White Men\\\" (2018) on the appropriation of classics by misogynist groups on the Internet. Zuckerberg earned her Ph.D. in classics at Princeton University in 2014, specializing in the study of ancient tragedy. The title of her doctoral thesis was \\\"The Oversubtle Maxim Chasers: Aristophanes, Euripides, and their Reciprocal Pursuit of Poetic Identity.\\\" Her doctoral adviser was Professor Andrew Ford. The classicist Natalie Haynes notes that Zuckerberg 'is a classicist with a strong Internet pedigree'. Zuckerberg is the founder and\",\n \"title\": \"Donna Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170680\",\n \"text\": \"On April 11, 2013, Zuckerberg led the launch of a 501(c)(4) lobbying group called FWD.us. The founders and contributors to the group were primarily Silicon Valley entrepreneurs and investors, and its president was Joe Green, a close friend of Zuckerberg. The goals of the group include immigration reform, improving the state of education in the United States, and enabling more technological breakthroughs that benefit the public, yet it has also been criticized for financing ads advocating a variety of oil and gas development initiatives, including drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the Keystone XL pipeline. In 2013, numerous\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170663\",\n \"text\": \"According to him, the social network was not doing enough to ban posts to its platform that incite violence against Israelis. \\\"Some of the victims' blood is on Zuckerberg's hands\\\", Erdan said. In January 2017, Zuckerberg filed eight \\\"quiet title and partition\\\" lawsuits against hundreds of native Hawaiians to purchase small tracts of land which they own. This land is contained within the 700 acres of land in the Hawaiian island of Kauai that Zuckerberg had purchased in 2014. When he learned that Hawaiian land ownership law differs from that of the other 49 states, he dropped the lawsuits. On\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170633\",\n \"text\": \"were brought up in Dobbs Ferry, New York, a small Westchester County village about 21 miles north of Midtown Manhattan. Zuckerberg was raised in a Reform Jewish household, with ancestors hailing from Germany, Austria and Poland. He had a \\\"Star Wars\\\" themed Bar Mitzvah when he turned 13 and once \\\"questioned things\\\" before deciding \\\"religion is very important\\\". At Ardsley High School, Zuckerberg excelled in classes. He transferred to the private school Phillips Exeter Academy, in New Hampshire, in his junior year, where he won prizes in science (mathematics, astronomy, and physics) and classical studies. In his youth, he also\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17247247\",\n \"text\": \"What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.\",\n \"title\": \"What Katie Did (company)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170673\",\n \"text\": \"to the criticism, saying, \\\"The thing that I was most sensitive about with the movie timing was, I didn't want the press about \\\"The Social Network\\\" movie to get conflated with the Newark project. I was thinking about doing this anonymously just so that the two things could be kept separate.\\\" Newark Mayor Cory Booker stated that he and New Jersey Governor Chris Christie had to convince Zuckerberg's team not to make the donation anonymously. The money was largely wasted, according to journalist Dale Russakoff. On December 9, 2010, Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, and investor Warren Buffett signed \\\"The Giving Pledge\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170665\",\n \"text\": \"was told about the film, he responded, \\\"I just wished that nobody made a movie of me while I was still alive.\\\" Also, after the film's script was leaked on the Internet and it was apparent that the film would not portray Zuckerberg in a wholly positive light, he stated that he wanted to establish himself as a \\\"good guy\\\". The film is based on the book \\\"The Accidental Billionaires\\\" by Ben Mezrich, which the book's publicist once described as \\\"big juicy fun\\\" rather than \\\"reportage\\\". The film's screenwriter Aaron Sorkin told \\\"New York\\\" magazine, \\\"I don't want my fidelity\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170656\",\n \"text\": \"will also create new jobs and open up new markets, according to Zuckerberg. He stated in his post: The world economy is going through a massive transition right now. The knowledge economy is the future. By bringing everyone online, we'll not only improve billions of lives, but we'll also improve our own as we benefit from the ideas and productivity they contribute to the world. Giving everyone the opportunity to connect is the foundation for enabling the knowledge economy. It is not the only thing we need to do, but it's a fundamental and necessary step. To stay proven on\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6170637\",\n \"text\": \"time Zuckerberg began classes at Harvard, he had already achieved a \\\"reputation as a programming prodigy\\\". He studied psychology and computer science and belonged to Alpha Epsilon Pi and Kirkland House. In his sophomore year, he wrote a program that he called CourseMatch, which allowed users to make class selection decisions based on the choices of other students and also to help them form study groups. A short time later, he created a different program he initially called Facemash that let students select the best looking person from a choice of photos. According to Arie Hasit, Zuckerberg's roommate at the\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338140\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \\\"My Apple Heart,\\\" \\\"Lay Me Down\\\" and \\\"Something's Happenin'.\\\" \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20458193\",\n \"text\": \"effort to illustrate the lyrical content of Full Stop. In March 2018 the band made their first appearance at Austin, TX's South by Southwest Music Festival, performing at South by Hikes Fest on March 14. In early April 2018 the band announced plans for their first Full US tour, to be followed by their first string of international tour dates - a 10-day tour of Japan. Current Already Know Full Stop Balance and Composure The Dan Cable Presents Podcast The Western Sessions (Acoustic) The Golden Gate Sessions (Acoustic) The Co Founder The Co Founder is an American Emo band based\",\n \"title\": \"The Co Founder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20458187\",\n \"text\": \"The Co Founder The Co Founder is an American Emo band based out of the Pacific Northwest, located in the upper Northwest corner of the United States. Formed in 2015, the band's current lineup consists of Hayden Eller (vocals, guitar), Nikko Van Wyck (bass guitar), Luke Hogfoss (Guitar, vocals) and Jake Barrow (drums, percussion). Described by \\\"New Noise Magazine\\\" as \\\"combin[ing] the anthemic arrangements of Manchester Orchestra, with lo-fi washed soundscapes reminiscent of The Radio Dept\\\". the band's \\\"infectious personality, coupled with relentless hooks and grueling tour schedule, has earned them one of the most loyal followings in DIY music.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"The Co Founder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20950049\",\n \"text\": \"women. Zuckerberg argues that the point of the Red Pill discourse \\\"is not for everything to hang together logically and to be totally immune to criticism. The point is to make people feel something—to make their audience feel validated and justified and scared and angry—and [get] any reaction [out of] them\\\" . Zuckerberg takes a feminist approach to classical antiquity, arguing that the ancient world was deeply misogynistic: 'it was a time when there was no word for rape, feminism did not exist and women's actions were determined by male relatives'. Alt-right groups are using classical texts, distorted and stripped\",\n \"title\": \"Donna Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17849612\",\n \"text\": \"film received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 73% rating based on 41 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: \\\"Witty and well-cast, \\\"What We Did on Our Holiday\\\" injects unlikely laughs into a story dealing with dark, difficult themes.\\\" On Metacritic, the film has a 54 out of 100 rating, based on 14 critics. What We Did on Our Holiday What We Did on Our Holiday is a 2014 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin. The film, starring David Tennant, Rosamund Pike, and Billy\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did on Our Holiday\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20950055\",\n \"text\": \"Zuckerberg of deliberately misleading the reader in a way that 'verges on libel'. The tone of the review is condescending and derisory: 'Zuckerberg should re-read [Ovid] ..., in English if necessary, to see how dishonestly she has portrayed Ovid’s work here. Or does Dr Zuckerberg simply not understand that Ovid is merely saying here that he hopes his works will be read in the future...As for Greek: Dr Zuckerberg does not seem in general to comprehend that a given word may have several meanings'. Zuckerberg has spoken out against social media, arguing that it has created a toxic culture and\",\n \"title\": \"Donna Zuckerberg\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918900\",\n \"text\": \"Power, author of the book that was the source material for the movie, the university scenes at the end of the film were shot at University College Dublin. Reviews for \\\"What Richard Did\\\" were overwhelmingly positive. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 30 reviews. On the review aggregator Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100, based on 13 critics, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". Peter Bradshaw, writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\", called the film slow-burning and disturbing. \\\"Abrahamson shows that whatever the failings and weaknesses\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19193951\",\n \"text\": \"round co-led by The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative and Sequoia Capital, along with investors Sofina, Lightspeed Venture Partners, and Times Internet. The funding has been raised to fuel their international expansion. On September 2016, CZI announced its new science program, Chan Zuckerberg Science, with $3 billion in investment over the next decade, with Cornelia Bargmann of Rockefeller University announced as the first president of science, to begin October 1, 2016. The goal of the program is to help cure, manage, or prevent all disease by the year 2100. $600 million of the $3 billion would be spent on BioHub, a location\",\n \"title\": \"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13791178\",\n \"text\": \"Saverin with an idea for what he calls \\\"Thefacebook\\\", an online social networking website that would be exclusive to Ivy League students. Saverin provides $1,000 in seed funding, allowing Mark to build the website, which quickly becomes popular. When they learn of \\\"Thefacebook\\\", the Winklevoss twins and Narendra are incensed, believing that Zuckerberg stole their idea while keeping them deliberately in the dark by stalling on developing the Harvard Connection website. They raise their complaint with Harvard President Larry Summers, who is dismissive and sees no value in either disciplinary action or \\\"Thefacebook\\\" website itself. Saverin and Zuckerberg meet fellow\",\n \"title\": \"The Social Network\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14693059\",\n \"text\": \"bungee rope is identical to him doing the same on the cover of his newly released album \\\"Escapology\\\". Williams entrance was accompanied by \\\"Let Me Entertain You\\\", a song he often uses as the first song. As he often does, Williams dedicated his 12th song \\\"No Regrets\\\" to his former Take That bandmates Gary Barlow, Jason Orange, Mark Owen, and Howard Donald. The performance of \\\"Back for Good\\\" on the third night by Williams and Owen was not included in the main section of the DVD. What We Did Last Summer What We Did Last Summer – Robbie Williams: Live\",\n \"title\": \"What We Did Last Summer\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918899\",\n \"text\": \"Unlike Abrahamson's previous two films, the screenplay for \\\"What Richard Did\\\" was not written by Mark O'Halloran but by Malcolm Campbell. The details of the plot deviate significantly from the source novel. The director worked with the cast for a full year in advance of production while script development was ongoing, holding a series of workshops in an effort to make successive drafts more reflective of contemporary Irish youth culture. Shot on location in Dublin and Wicklow, the film was financed by the Irish Film Board and Screen Scene, and was produced by Element Pictures. At the request of Kevin\",\n \"title\": \"What Richard Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10149538\",\n \"text\": \"is able to leave the club. Lauren and Audrina get into an argument with Heidi and Spencer outside of Les Deux, where Lauren delivers the now-famous quote \\\"You know what you did!\\\", elaborating that \\\"You started a sick little rumor about me! You're a sad, pathetic person.\\\" The following morning, Heidi explains to her co-worker Elodie Otto that she was unaware of said speculation, and still wants to reconcile with Lauren. Meanwhile, Lauren tells Whitney that she is saddened by the idea of losing her friend, although admits that she has benefited from their separation. \\\"You Know What You Did\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What You Did\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14910963\",\n \"text\": \"brightest of the nu-eyed-soul set\\\". What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \\\"Baseline\\\" that was a bonus track on \\\"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\\\" (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share. Matt Collar of Allmusic stated that with this album \\\"2AM Club reveal\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14910962\",\n \"text\": \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? What Did You Think Was Going to Happen? is the debut studio album from Los Angeles band 2AM Club. It was released September 14, 2010 by RCA Records. On May 31, the band released a song named \\\"Baseline\\\" that was a bonus track on \\\"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\\\" (sold on iTunes). It was advertised by them via Twitter, and was available for free download through a file sharing website, Hulk Share. Matt Collar of Allmusic stated that with this album \\\"2AM Club reveal themselves as the best and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did You Think Was Going to Happen?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4609081\",\n \"text\": \"of any dating site. Media attention was drawn in 2003 when the website was used by Labour Party MP Chris Bryant, and in 2006, when married Liberal Democrat leadership candidate Mark Oaten used it to find gay sexual partners. In 2011, Gaydar re-introduced \\\"filtering\\\" in chat rooms and member-to-member private messages, where lines containing competitors' brand names would appear to be sent but would not be delivered. The chairman and co-founder of Gaydar, Gary Frisch died unexpectedly at his home in London on 11 February 2007, aged 38 years. A verdict of misadventure was recorded by Dr Paul Knapman, the\",\n \"title\": \"Gaydar (website)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15053393\",\n \"text\": \"in Advertising\\\". In September 2013, she released her first books with HarperCollins, an adult non-fiction book titled \\\"Dot Complicated\\\" and a children’s picture book called \\\"Dot\\\". Zuckerberg appeared on the \\\"Today Show\\\" on January 26, 2016 in a segment entitled \\\"2016 Netiquette\\\" in which she discussed modern day etiquette on the Internet. In the cartoon adaptation of \\\"Dot.\\\" she voices the character \\\"Ms. Randi\\\", Dot's music teacher who organizes the children's choir at the community center. In 2011 Zuckerberg advocated for the abolition of anonymity on the Internet to protect children and young adults from cyber-bullying. Zuckerberg explained how anonymity\",\n \"title\": \"Randi Zuckerberg\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["facebook"],"string":"[\n \"facebook\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":880,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what bass does jared followill use?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"17396957","text":"The band released their first album with him in November 2014 entitled Bloodstone & Diamonds. Jared MacEachern Jared MacEachern (born August 16, 1980) is an American musician, best known as a singer and rhythm guitarist of the American heavy metal band Sanctity. In 2013, he joined Machine Head as bassist, replacing Adam Duce. MacEachern started singing in his parents' church choir when he was five and did that until he was thirteen. He started playing musical instruments when he was ten, starting with the violin but then switching to cello, and then to bass guitar, which he played for several","title":"Jared MacEachern"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17396957\",\n \"text\": \"The band released their first album with him in November 2014 entitled Bloodstone & Diamonds. Jared MacEachern Jared MacEachern (born August 16, 1980) is an American musician, best known as a singer and rhythm guitarist of the American heavy metal band Sanctity. In 2013, he joined Machine Head as bassist, replacing Adam Duce. MacEachern started singing in his parents' church choir when he was five and did that until he was thirteen. He started playing musical instruments when he was ten, starting with the violin but then switching to cello, and then to bass guitar, which he played for several\",\n \"title\": \"Jared MacEachern\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15112035","text":"Fox named him part of their team covering that year's CONCACAF Gold Cup. He has also called UEFA Europa League, Bundesliga, MLS, FIFA U-17 World Cup, and FIFA U-20 World Cup action for Fox. Followill was also an announcer for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Followill also announces play-by-play action for college football telecasts for Fox Sports. Earlier in his career, he was the play-by-play announcer for the SMU football team. Followill is a native of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. He graduated from Northwest High School in Justin, Texas, and attended the University of North Texas. Mark Followill Mark Followill","title":"Mark Followill"},{"psg_id":"15112033","text":"Mark Followill Mark Followill is an American sports announcer. Early in his career, Followill worked in various positions at KTCK The Ticket in Dallas including as host of \"The Ender.\" He still makes regular contributions to the station. He also had a stint at KTOK in Oklahoma City. Followill is the television play-by-play voice for the Dallas Mavericks, a position he's held since 2005. He and analyst Derek Harper won a Lone Star Emmy award in 2014 for their work on Mavericks broadcasts. Followill had previously been the radio play-by-play voice for the Mavericks on 103.3 ESPN Radio from 2001","title":"Mark Followill"},{"psg_id":"15112034","text":"to 2005. He won the Katie Award for Best Play-by-Play Sportscast in 2002 and the Texas Associated Press Award for Best Play-by-Play Broadcast in 2004 and 2005. Followill is also the television play-by-play announcer for FC Dallas. In 2012, he began calling FCD games except when they conflicted with his responsibilities with the Mavericks. His work with FC Dallas gained the attention of Fox Sports, who named him as one of their announcers for Copa America Centenario. Later that summer, he was named as one of the announcers for NBC's coverage of soccer at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In 2017,","title":"Mark Followill"},{"psg_id":"13810778","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810760","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"10945153","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"13810767","text":"reviews\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\". \"What Kate Does\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" described the episode as \"contemplative\", \"anticlimactic\" and \"subdued\" and the flash sideways as \"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \" 'What Kate","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"17122127","text":"of Rock the Universe 2003, where it was said that they were \"clearly giving their heart and soul into each moment of the set.\" In 2010, the supergroup The Honeymoon Thrillers was formed. This band consists of Nathan Barlowe (from Luna Halo) on guitar and vocals, Cary Barlowe (from Luna Halo) on lead guitar, Chris Boyle (from Mean Tambourines) on bass, Josiah Holland (from The Lonely Hearts) on keyboards, and Jared Byers on drums. In 2015, Jared Byers left Audio Adrenaline, to pursue other interests. Jared Byers Jared Byers is a drummer. He was formerly the drummer for the Christian","title":"Jared Byers"},{"psg_id":"10945154","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"8332277","text":"song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. In the music video, the word \"legs\" (as part of \"I'll swing my legs\") is censored due to the line meaning to hang oneself. In October 2011, \"NME\" placed it at number 38 on its list \"150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years\". All songs written by Kings of Leon except where noted. The Bucket \"The Bucket\" is the first single taken from the \"Aha Shake Heartbreak\" album by the American rock band Kings of Leon. It is one of the band's most successful singles, reaching","title":"The Bucket"},{"psg_id":"19793357","text":"thirty-five seconds. Garret Hedlund pays homage to a fallen Cowboy whose name is Lane Frost. Also, the County in which the character is incarcerated is Lane Co. Beautiful War (song) \"Beautiful War\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was released as a digital download on December 9, 2013 through RCA Records as the fourth single from their sixth studio album \"Mechanical Bull\" (2013). The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. The song is first demoed to other music artists such as Christina Aguilera, Kelly Clarkson and Westlife.","title":"Beautiful War (song)"},{"psg_id":"19793356","text":"Beautiful War (song) \"Beautiful War\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was released as a digital download on December 9, 2013 through RCA Records as the fourth single from their sixth studio album \"Mechanical Bull\" (2013). The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. The song is first demoed to other music artists such as Christina Aguilera, Kelly Clarkson and Westlife. A music video to accompany the release of \"Beautiful War\" was first released onto YouTube on November 22, 2013 at a total length of six minutes and","title":"Beautiful War (song)"},{"psg_id":"19722750","text":"Waste a Moment (Kings of Leon song) \"Waste a Moment\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was released as a digital download on September 9, 2016 through RCA Records as the lead single from their seventh studio album \"WALLS\" (2016). The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. A music video to accompany the release of \"Waste a Moment\" was first released onto YouTube on September 13, 2016. \"Waste a Moment\" is the band's fifth single (and their first since 2010's \"Radioactive\") to reach number one on \"Billboard\"","title":"Waste a Moment (Kings of Leon song)"},{"psg_id":"17444572","text":"by W.I.Z. as \"an imagined hybrid of pop-art screenprint, hand tinting and Technicolour film\". W.I.Z. also explained that \"[We wanted] playful, sensual ideas of teen angst, rock and roll and Americana; we wanted to a make a piece that was urgent as well as effortless, precision with abandon\". Supersoaker (song) \"Supersoaker\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill, and Matthew Followill and produced by Angelo Petraglia. It was released on July 17, 2013 as the lead single from their sixth studio album \"Mechanical Bull\" (2013), and","title":"Supersoaker (song)"},{"psg_id":"17444571","text":"Supersoaker (song) \"Supersoaker\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill, and Matthew Followill and produced by Angelo Petraglia. It was released on July 17, 2013 as the lead single from their sixth studio album \"Mechanical Bull\" (2013), and peaked at number 32 on the UK Singles Chart. On September 24, 2013, Kings of Leon performed \"Supersoaker\" on ABC's morning show \"Good Morning America\". The music video for the song was directed by W.I.Z.. The clip, which shows a love story set in the 1950s, was described","title":"Supersoaker (song)"},{"psg_id":"19397582","text":"7. http://www.gibson.com/News-Lifestyle/Features/en-us/30-Under-30-A-New-Generation-of-Players-4.aspx 8. http://www.daddario.com/DADMobileArtistDetail.Page?ActiveID=3835&ArtistId=42485 9. https://www.blackstaramps.com/uk/artists/profile/jared-james-nichols 10. http://www.seymourduncan.com/artist/jared-james-nichols Jared James Nichols Jared James Nichols is an American blues-rock guitarist and singer from the state of Wisconsin. He is best known for his high-energy performances and 'pick-less' electric guitar playing technique. He is rarely seen without playing his 'signature' single-pickup Epiphone Les Paul Custom nick-named \"Old Glory\". He fronts a \"power-trio\" under his name, rooted in the early 1970s hard-rock vein of Cream and Mountain. He resides in Los Angeles, California. Dennis Holm - Drums Gregg Cash - Bass Jared James Nichols moved to Los Angeles in 2010. He quickly gained","title":"Jared James Nichols"},{"psg_id":"3466947","text":"2010. Their sixth album, \"Mechanical Bull\", was released on September 24, 2013. The seventh studio album, \"WALLS\", was released on October 14, 2016. The group has 12 Grammy Award nominations, including 4 wins. The three Followill brothers (Matthew is their cousin) grew up in Oklahoma and Tennessee with their father, Ivan Leon Followill, a United Pentecostal Church preacher, and their mother, Betty-Ann. Nathan was born in Oklahoma, and Jared and Caleb were born in and around Memphis, Tennessee. Jared attended Mount Juliet High School, while Matthew was born and raised in Mississippi. According to \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, \"While Ivan preached","title":"Kings of Leon"},{"psg_id":"9926463","text":"was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"9926460","text":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"8050855","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8050853","text":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8014933","text":"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \"die very quickly\", and that he wanted to \"herald the death\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"8014931","text":"What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \"The Smiths\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \"Hatful of Hollow\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is among his least favourite songs","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"7899178","text":"bass amplifiers are designed for use with an electric bass, which has magnetic pickups. When a double bass player is plugging their instrument into a typical bass amp, the signal usually comes from a piezoelectric pickup mounted on the bridge or beneath the feet of the bridge. The direct signal from a piezoelectric pickup does not usually sound good when it is plugged into a standard electric bass amp. Many upright bass players who use piezoelectric pickups use a preamplifier or preamp-equipped DI box before the signal is sent to the bass amp. The preamplifier helps to ensure that the","title":"Bass amplifier"},{"psg_id":"16729320","text":"August 28, 2012. Their debut EP, \"EP1\", was released on October 16, 2012. In a press statement, Followill said of recording the debut EP, \"Coming together just worked. I think it's because we took such an easy approach to it, we didn't bring any egos to it. We just talked about each other's ideas, neither one of us got our feelings hurt. It just worked.\" Smoke & Jackal Smoke & Jackal is a rock supergroup composed of Kings of Leon bassist Jared Followill and Mona singer and guitarist Nick Brown. On June 22, 2012, Brown posted a photo of Followill","title":"Smoke & Jackal"},{"psg_id":"16729319","text":"Smoke & Jackal Smoke & Jackal is a rock supergroup composed of Kings of Leon bassist Jared Followill and Mona singer and guitarist Nick Brown. On June 22, 2012, Brown posted a photo of Followill and himself on Instagram and tumblr with the caption, \"Smoke & Jackal\", hinting at a collaboration between the two. Followill and Brown first recorded as a duo at Brown's home in Nashville, Tennessee, completing the material for their first release within a week. The group's first single, \"No Tell\", was uploaded to the band's Soundcloud page on August 21, 2012 and was released digitally on","title":"Smoke & Jackal"},{"psg_id":"13810761","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"19397578","text":"Jared James Nichols Jared James Nichols is an American blues-rock guitarist and singer from the state of Wisconsin. He is best known for his high-energy performances and 'pick-less' electric guitar playing technique. He is rarely seen without playing his 'signature' single-pickup Epiphone Les Paul Custom nick-named \"Old Glory\". He fronts a \"power-trio\" under his name, rooted in the early 1970s hard-rock vein of Cream and Mountain. He resides in Los Angeles, California. Dennis Holm - Drums Gregg Cash - Bass Jared James Nichols moved to Los Angeles in 2010. He quickly gained momentum by winning the prestigious Gibson Les Paul","title":"Jared James Nichols"},{"psg_id":"12142575","text":"peaking at #1 on the Billboard Alternative Songs. In Australia, the song \"Manhattan\" was released to radio as another single. The song spent four weeks on the singles chart and peaked at number 38 and reached number two on the National Airplay Chart. The song has also had heavy rotation on UK radio station's such as Xfm. Another fan favorite was the album's opening track \"Closer,\" which features a three note riff by bass player Jared Followill that utilises a Boss ME50 multi-effects pedal to add a distinctive octave sweep reminiscent of the DigiTech Whammy. Metacritic, which uses a weighted","title":"Only by the Night"},{"psg_id":"12761703","text":"Jared Bernstein Jared Bernstein (born 1955) is a Senior Fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. From 2009 to 2011, Bernstein was the Chief Economist and Economic Adviser to Vice President Joseph Biden in the Obama Administration. He was considered to be a progressive and \"a strong advocate for workers.\" Born to a Jewish-American family, Bernstein graduated with a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from the Manhattan School of Music where he studied double bass with Orin O'Brien. He earned a master's degree in Social Work from the Hunter College School of Social Work, and, from Columbia University,","title":"Jared Bernstein"},{"psg_id":"3325679","text":"of Ether in the Book of Mormon, as a place that the people pitched their tents. Joseph Smith said that the full name and its connection to the brother of Jared were later revealed to him: Etymologies have been proposed but remain largely speculative. According to Daniel H. Ludlow, it is not clear why the name of the brother of Jared does not appear in the Book of Mormon. However, the following are possible reasons: Brother of Jared In the Book of Mormon, the brother of Jared is the most prominent person in the account given in the beginning (Chapters","title":"Brother of Jared"},{"psg_id":"19980606","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"8050854","text":"lyrics of the Beatles song \"She Said, She Said\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\" \"Trouser Press\" called it \"even better\" than \"Script of the Bridge\", \"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"16663178","text":"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \"What Does The Bee Do?\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \"IGN\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\" \"The A.V. Club\" rated the episode an \"A-\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"16663175","text":"What Does the Bee Do? \"What Does the Bee Do?\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"12788878","text":"as one of the co-chairmen of the International Committee to Defend Slobodan Milošević. He has denied events leading to Srebrenica genocideand its consequences, and condemned Kosovo's independence as being illegal and in fact having been orchestrated by the United States, Germany and the Vatican. Jared Israel has written a great deal analyzing and challenging the mainstream account of what happened during the September 11 attacks and suggesting it was an \"inside job\". Jared Israel Jared Israel (born 1944) is an American writer, activist and conspiracy theorist who edits the website \"The Emperor’s New Clothes\", and has been published in \"Arutz","title":"Jared Israel"},{"psg_id":"10724006","text":"Charlie left the Banks household — \"did to you and your family.\" Pamela, who still remembers Jared with fondness, warmly wishes him good luck with the company, and tells him that — whether he realizes it or not — what he is doing is not about the money or the power, but about the Buchanans, and their good name. Jared and Natalie continue to fight their now-forbidden attraction to each other. Charlie is not happy with Jared's scheme, but vows to protect his son's secret as part of his attempt to reconcile with Jared. Soon Charlie, who is romantically involved","title":"Jared Banks"},{"psg_id":"13810777","text":"that it by no means compared to \"LA X\", but stated that it \"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \"freakin' outstanding\" and called \"What Kate Does\" \"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810770","text":"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\" Whitney Matheson of \"USA Today\" said that she \"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\" after watching \"What Kate Does\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \"one of Josh","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810766","text":"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \"What Kate Does\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \"generally favorable","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"19980608","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"19071901","text":"Jared Ward Jared Ward (born September 9, 1988) is an American long distance runner. He qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics when he placed third in the marathon at the 2016 U.S. Olympic Trials. He is also made famous with the use of his name on the LetsRun website under the meme ‘Who’s Jarod Word?’. Ward has a master's degree in statistics from Brigham Young University (BYU), and teaches statistics at BYU as an adjunct professor. He is a Member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and took a two-year mission to Pittsburgh. Jared and his","title":"Jared Ward"},{"psg_id":"4821103","text":"does not have a hollow sound chamber, or only includes a small sound chamber, the EUB is less prone to feedback than the double bass when amplified. To use a bow with an EUB, both the bridge and fingerboard need to be radiussed (given a curve). If the EUB's bridge and fingerboard are relatively flat, like those on an electric bass, then it is not possible to use the bow on the inner strings. By adjusting the amplifier tone controls an EUB can sound similar to an acoustic double bass. As well, by using tone controls and bass effects, an","title":"Electric upright bass"},{"psg_id":"3703477","text":"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \"does exactly what it says on the tube\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \"What It Says on the Tin\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"psg_id":"17495360","text":"later named the NFC Offensive Player of the Month for September. In Week 14 against the Chicago Bears, Goff threw for 180 yards, no touchdowns, and a career-high four interceptions as the Rams lost 15–6. \"Source\": Goff appeared as a guest for the Outdoor Channel's \"Gridiron Outdoors\", which is hosted by former football quarterback Mike Pawlawski in 2016. Goff has an enzyme deficiency that does not allow his body to break down proteins, including not being able to process red meat. Jared Goff Jared Thomas Goff (born October 14, 1994) is an American football quarterback for the Los Angeles Rams","title":"Jared Goff"},{"psg_id":"13610313","text":"where Monti trained, is named in his honor. The former Pine Plains Fitness Center on Fort Drum has been renamed the Monti Fitness Facility in honor of SFC Jared C. Monti. In May 2013, Connie Harrington, songwriter of Lee Brice's number one country hit \"I Drive Your Truck,\" revealed that she wrote the song after listening to Monti's father, Paul, on the public radio program \"Here & Now\". It was Paul Monti's answer to \"Here & Now\" when asked what he did to reconnect with his son's memory. Jared C. Monti Jared Christopher Monti (20 September 1975 – 21 June","title":"Jared C. Monti"},{"psg_id":"11375236","text":"Jared Potter Kirtland Jared Potter Kirtland (November 10, 1793 – December 10, 1877) was a naturalist, malacologist, and politician most active in the U.S. state of Ohio, where he served as a probate judge, and in the Ohio House of Representatives. He was also a physician and co-founder of Western Reserve University's Medical School, as well as what would become the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Kirtland's warbler (\"Setophaga kirtlandii\"), Kirtland's snake (\"Clonophis kirtlandii\"), and the forest vine snake (\"Thelotornis kirtlandii\") are named after him. Kirtland was born in Wallingford, Connecticut. His mother was Mary, daughter of Dr. Jared Potter,","title":"Jared Potter Kirtland"},{"psg_id":"17544507","text":"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \"Just Dance 2015\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \"What do the Foxes Say?\" in 442oons video. !scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"3466945","text":"Kings of Leon Kings of Leon is an American rock band that formed in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1999. The band is composed of brothers Caleb, Nathan and Jared Followill with their cousin Matthew Followill. The band's early music was a blend of Southern rock and blues influences, but it has gradually evolved throughout the years to include a variety of genres and a more alternative, arena rock sound. Kings of Leon achieved initial success in the United Kingdom with nine Top 40 singles, two BRIT Awards in 2008, and all three of the band's albums at the time peaked in","title":"Kings of Leon"},{"psg_id":"7899158","text":"bass amp. This approach does not use a crossover, but since an electric guitar amp will only produce pitches down to about 80 Hz, the guitar amp reproduces the mid- to high frequencies and the bass amp reproduces the low frequencies. With this arrangement, distortion and other effects can be applied to the guitar amp without affecting the solidity of the bass amp tone. Some bass amplifier combos have a \"whizzer cone\" attached to the low frequency woofer's centre. The whizzer cone is about the same size as a dust cap, although it resembles a miniature speaker cone. The whizzer","title":"Bass amplifier"},{"psg_id":"12680997","text":"\"a too-cool hipster's cry for comfort\". Nick Levine of Digital Spy said, \"With its Springsteen-style 'oooah-woooah's, gathering storm of guitars and lusty, longing vocals from Caleb Followill, it's nearly as infectious as 'Sex on Fire'.\" Gavin Haynes of \"NME\" praised the song as \"easily the best 80's power ballad of 2008\", but cautioned that the band \"may be in danger of mistaking bluster for brilliance\". In the United States, \"Use Somebody\" became the band's mainstream breakthrough. Peaking at number four on the Hot 100, it gave the band their first top five hit there, and spent 57 weeks on the","title":"Use Somebody"},{"psg_id":"13519959","text":"G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album \"Duotones\". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second","title":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)"},{"psg_id":"13519957","text":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the","title":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)"},{"psg_id":"9057991","text":"Inglewood Plantation near Morgan City, also in St. Mary Parish, to Jared Young Sanders II, and the former Elizabeth Wofford. He did not use the Roman numeral \"III\" but was referred to as Jared \"Sr.\", after the birth of his only son, \"Jared Young Sanders Jr.,\" but really Jared Sanders, IV. Sanders was educated in the public schools of Franklin, St. Charles College in Grand Coteau, and the Tulane University Law School in New Orleans, from which he received his LL.B. degree in 1893. He was the editor and publisher of the weekly Franklin newspaper, the \"St. Mary Banner\", from","title":"Jared Y. Sanders Sr."},{"psg_id":"3466965","text":"On August 22, 2012, Jared and Nick Brown from Mona released their song \"No Tell\" under the name Smoke & Jackal. On August 23, 2012, when asked if it was the end of Kings of Leon with Smoke & Jackal announced, Jared said \"Not even close. Working on album six very soon\". Kings of Leon bassist Jared Followill confirmed that the band had finished recording their sixth LP, which was reported by \"NME\" to be released in September. The album title \"Mechanical Bull\" was revealed on June 7, and the album was released on September 24. The album's first single,","title":"Kings of Leon"},{"psg_id":"6328673","text":"Jared Has Aides \"Jared Has Aides\" is the sixth season premiere of the adult American animated television series \"South Park\", and the 80th episode of the series overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 6, 2002. The episode was rated TV-MA in the United States, except on syndicated broadcasts, where it is rated TV-14 instead. In the episode, weight loss advocate Jared Fogle incurs the wrath of South Park after he announces that he lost weight because he has aides (misinterpreted as AIDS). This leads the boys to try to use Butters as their","title":"Jared Has Aides"},{"psg_id":"5433944","text":"both by Hector Berlioz in an arrangement of his \"Chant sacre\", and by Georges Kastner in his opera \"Le Dernier Roi de Juda\". In the 1950s and 1960s it enjoyed a brief vogue in orchestrations for musical theater: Leonard Bernstein’s original score for \"West Side Story\" includes bass saxophone, as does Meredith Willson’s \"Music Man\" and Sandy Wilson’s \"The Boy Friend\". Australian composer Percy Grainger and American composer Warren Benson have championed the use of the instrument in their music for concert band. Although bass saxophones in C were made for orchestral use, modern instruments are in B. This puts","title":"Bass saxophone"},{"psg_id":"16729323","text":"it, we didn't bring any egos to it. We just talked about each other's ideas, neither one of us got our feelings hurt. It just worked.\"\" In the same press statement, Brown said of the lead single, \"\"It was all about tone and vibe and what felt right in that moment. Not second guessing, just having fun in that moment.\"\" EP1 (Smoke & Jackal EP) EP1 is the debut EP by American rock supergroup Smoke & Jackal, released on October 16, 2012 on RCA Records. Mona singer and guitarist Nick Brown and Kings of Leon bassist Jared Followill recorded the","title":"EP1 (Smoke & Jackal EP)"},{"psg_id":"20010773","text":"with Kat’s luminous vocals to create uplifting anthems that celebrate life, love, and devotion. While the professionalism is undeniable and talent present in spades, what really resonates about Kat & Jared is their warmth. There is a light that shines, a genuine craving to spread heart and hope that emanates from every guitar lick and lyric. This is music that moves both the people who make and those who are lucky enough to hear it. It’s proof, as ever, that we’re stronger together, united in the presence of Jesus Christ. Kat&Jared are from Belton, Texas, where they are husband-and-wife music","title":"Kat&Jared"},{"psg_id":"17500385","text":"was charged with assault and battery with a dangerous weapon. Remy was accused of throwing scalding water in the detainee's face before beating him with his fists, a green plastic chair, and a bar of soap, new court records show. After the attack, Remy stated \"I did what I had to do–I got a child molester\". Remy is serving his life sentence at the maximum security Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center in Shirley, Massachusetts. Jared Remy Jared W. Remy (born September 7, 1978) is an American career criminal who pleaded guilty to the murder of his girlfriend, Jennifer Martel. He is the","title":"Jared Remy"},{"psg_id":"16976818","text":"Jared Ball Jared A. Ball (born 1971, Washington, D.C.) is a professor of communication studies at Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. He is also an author, radio host and mixtape radio producer. In the 2008 presidential election, Ball sought the nomination of the Green Party of the United States before eventually dropping out and endorsing Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney. Ball is a graduate of the University of Maryland at College Park, the Cornell Africana Studies and Research Center at Cornell University and Frostburg State University. Ball is the author of \"I Mix What I Like! A Mixtape Manifesto\"","title":"Jared Ball"},{"psg_id":"10309299","text":"Jared French Jared French (February 4, 1905 – January 8, 1988) was an American painter who specialized in the medium of egg tempera. He was one of the artists attributed to the style of art known as magic realism along with contemporaries George Tooker and Paul Cadmus. Born in Ossining, New York, French received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Amherst College in 1925. Soon after this he met and befriended Paul Cadmus (1904–1999) in New York City, who became his lover. French persuaded Cadmus to give up commercial art for what he deemed, \"serious painting\". In 1930, while French","title":"Jared French"},{"psg_id":"7899109","text":"can be used as a practice amp, so that the bassist can practice when she/he has the head, but not the speaker cabinet. This way, a bassist in a touring band could practice electric bass using her amp head, even if her speaker cabinets were still locked up in an equipment van. A third product which does not fit into the \"combo\"/\"head\"/cabinet categorization are powered speaker cabinets designed for use with bass instruments. While these powered speakers share many features with a regular combo amp, a bassist cannot plug her bass directly into a powered speaker cab. The powered speaker","title":"Bass amplifier"},{"psg_id":"114943","text":"solo passages for the bass in orchestral or chamber music, composers typically ensure the orchestration is light so it does not obscure the bass. While amplification is rarely used in classical music, in some cases where a bass soloist performs a concerto with a full orchestra, subtle amplification called acoustic enhancement may be used. The use of microphones and amplifiers in a classical setting has led to debate within the classical community, as \"...purists maintain that the natural acoustic sound of [Classical] voices [or] instruments in a given hall should not be altered.\" In many genres, such as jazz and","title":"Double bass"},{"psg_id":"114906","text":"Double bass in bluegrass music, Double bass in jazz, and Double bass in popular music). The change from gut to steel has also affected the instrument's playing technique over the last hundred years. Steel strings can be set up closer to the fingerboard and, additionally, strings can be played in higher positions on the lower strings and still produce clear tone. The classic 19th century Franz Simandl method does not use the low E string in higher positions because older gut strings, set up high over the fingerboard, could not produce clear tone in these higher positions. However, with modern","title":"Double bass"},{"psg_id":"19095970","text":"What Does It Take (Dave Days song) \"What Does It Take\" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP \"Dinner and a Movie\". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn","title":"What Does It Take (Dave Days song)"},{"psg_id":"17544483","text":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. \"The Fox\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"13087797","text":"The Journey of Jared Price The Journey of Jared Price is a gay-themed coming-of-age 2000 film written, produced and directed by Academy Award winner Dustin Lance Black and starring Corey Spears, Josh Jacobson, Rocki Cragg, and Steve Tyler. \"The Journey of Jared Price\" was Black's first feature film. Nineteen year old Jared (Corey Spears) arrives in Los Angeles from a small town in Georgia seeking a different life. When he arrives in L.A., he rents a room in a youth hostel that's furnished with bunk beds and already has one occupant, a male prostitute who needs to use their room","title":"The Journey of Jared Price"},{"psg_id":"11958748","text":"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"psg_id":"11958746","text":"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"psg_id":"3466972","text":"song \"Northcote (So Hungover)\" as inspirational icons: \"Riding around on the 86, so hungover / Gonna go down to Pony, pretend I'm in Kings of Leon\", and depicted in the music video. Caleb, Nathan, and Jared Followill made a guest appearance in the \"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\" episode \"The High School Reunion\" (season 7, episode 12). The episode mocks the Fox musical-comedy \"Glee\", which itself is set in a high school. The members of Kings of Leon dislike \"Glee\" and refused to let them use their music, and as fans of \"Sunny\", asked to make a guest appearance. Kings","title":"Kings of Leon"},{"psg_id":"19071904","text":"in the 70s on a drizzly, humid morning. Jared Ward Jared Ward (born September 9, 1988) is an American long distance runner. He qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics when he placed third in the marathon at the 2016 U.S. Olympic Trials. He is also made famous with the use of his name on the LetsRun website under the meme ‘Who’s Jarod Word?’. Ward has a master's degree in statistics from Brigham Young University (BYU), and teaches statistics at BYU as an adjunct professor. He is a Member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and took","title":"Jared Ward"},{"psg_id":"17500359","text":"Jared Remy Jared W. Remy (born September 7, 1978) is an American career criminal who pleaded guilty to the murder of his girlfriend, Jennifer Martel. He is the son of former Boston Red Sox player and current Red Sox broadcaster Jerry Remy. Remy previously worked for the Red Sox's security staff, but was fired after a Major League Baseball investigation implicated him in steroid use. Remy was born in 1978 to Jerry and Phoebe Remy. Due to his struggles with dyslexia and aggression, Weston public schools paid for Remy to attend the Gifford School, a special education program for students","title":"Jared Remy"},{"psg_id":"16634248","text":"Bad\" (Cobra Starship), a solo of \"Not Ready to Make Nice\" (Dixie Chicks) reaching No.23 on iTunes charts, a battle round performance of \"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\" (Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell), a Team Blake group performance of \"This Love\" (Maroon 5) with Shelton, Dia Frampton, Xenia Martinez, and Patrick Thomas, and a solo of \"Use Somebody\" (Kings of Leon) reaching No.16 on iTunes charts. In November 2011 Jared released his first single titled \"Don't Mind\", and the video was released in February 2012. Jared Blake's single 'Don't Mind' won a spot in WKDQ Country Whuppin' Hall of Fame","title":"Jared Blake"},{"psg_id":"115000","text":"in traditional bluegrass slap bass only appears sporadically and most of what I've done has been on the more contemporary side of that (Tony Rice, Tim O'Brien).\" Schatz states that he would be \"... more likely to use it [slap] in a live situation than on a recording—for a solo or to punctuate a particular place in a song or tune where I wouldn't be obliterating someone's solo.\" Another bluegrass method, \"Learn to Play Bluegrass Bass\", by Earl Gately, also teaches bluegrass slap bass technique. German bassist Didi Beck plays rapid triplet slaps, as demonstrated in this video. In the","title":"Double bass"},{"psg_id":"9422226","text":"which also simulcasts in Maine as WJTO 730) plays the original vinyl \"\" edit. Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album \"Chicago Transit Authority\" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, \"Make Me Smile\" and \"25 or 6 to 4\", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top","title":"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?"},{"psg_id":"9422222","text":"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album \"Chicago Transit Authority\" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, \"Make Me Smile\" and \"25 or 6 to 4\", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top 10 single, peaking at in the U.S. and No. 2 in Canada. Because the","title":"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?"},{"psg_id":"3703475","text":"Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases \"by name and by nature\" and \"it lives up to its name\". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"psg_id":"5079139","text":"Jared Pappas-Kelley Jared Pappas-Kelley is an American curator, researcher, and visual artist. He studied at The Evergreen State College, Goddard College and the European Graduate School where he served as Graduate Teaching Assistant for both Jean-Luc Nancy and Paul D. Miller (DJ Spooky) while completing his PhD. Pappas-Kelley also studied with filmmakers Claire Denis and Barbara Hammer whom he cites as influences on his visual work. His doctoral thesis, supervised by Sylvère Lotringer, examines the inherent instability of art objects, investigating what he terms \"the thing that is not a thing\" through an examination of events such as the 2004","title":"Jared Pappas-Kelley"},{"psg_id":"8014932","text":"of the Smiths'. The character Ray Smith in the Jack Kerouac novel \"The Dharma Bums\" repeatedly says \"What difference does it make?\" as well as \"Pretty girls make graves\", the title of another track featured on \"The Smiths\". The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film \"The Collector\". Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind,","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"4012364","text":"Ampeg \"Baby Bass\"). Many modern EUBs use piezoelectric pickups located in the bridge or a combination of pickup types. The signal from the pickup is usually preamplified and equalized with a preamplifier and then sent to a bass amplifier or a PA system. For silent practice in a hotel room or apartment, an EUB can also be connected to headphones. Preamplifiers and equalizers for acoustic instruments or double basses can also be used to \"roll off\" the treble frequencies or \"notch out\" the \"scratchy-sounding\" frequencies. Since the EUB typically does not have a hollow sound chamber, or only includes a","title":"Jazz bass"},{"psg_id":"16138717","text":"awarded annually as part of the group's research symposium to individuals who excel in the field of immunology. The Monash University Department of Immunology and Pathology established the Jared Purton Prize in Immunology in 2010. This award is offered to the top undergraduate Bachelor of Science or Biomedical Science student undertaking immunology as their major field of study. \"The following are Jared Purton's first-author publications. A full list of all papers on which Jared is a co-author is available through PubMed.\" Jared Purton Jared Franklin Purton (March 1976 – December 2009) was an Australian-born immunologist who contributed to the understanding","title":"Jared Purton"},{"psg_id":"10724010","text":"her late husband Nash's spirit, John McBain suspects Jared as her stalker, much to Natalie's disapproval. When Jared went missing, Natalie and Jessica flew to Napa Valley, California to find him and they soon found out about Mitch Laurence's return from the dead, where he held the three captive. John and Brody Lovett flew to the vineyard to rescue them and when, after Mitch lays down on his knees from John's orders, Mitch shoots Jared. Jared was immediately taken to the hospital, where he was later pronounced dead, breathing his last before he could finish telling Natalie something. Jared Banks","title":"Jared Banks"},{"psg_id":"10724000","text":"his motives and angry at his manipulations with her family. Jared boldly kisses Natalie at work, and she fires him. Jared arrives at Nash and Jessica's cottage with proof that he owns it as part of his stake in the vineyard, and proceeds to move in. Natalie re-hires him to get him to leave. To Natalie's chagrin, Jared kisses Natalie's niece/cousin Sarah Roberts at Capricorn, and the Buchanans are shocked as Renee invites Jared to stay at Asa's mansion. Jared and Sarah have a date at the Palace Hotel restaurant, watched by an irritated Natalie and Cristian Vega, who is","title":"Jared Banks"},{"psg_id":"10723999","text":"Tess had been responsible for sending Jared to prison, thus ruining his chances at a good business job. Jared wants revenge on Jessica, believing that she had set him up and not believing that \"Tess\" had ever existed. Asa had died on August 16, 2007, soon after Jared's arrival in town; Jared befriends Asa's widow Renee, who claims to see much of her husband in Jared. Soon Asa's son Clint and butler Nigel — and later most of the family — are suspicious of Jared's motives. Jared and Natalie are attracted to each other, but she also is less-than-trusting of","title":"Jared Banks"},{"psg_id":"10723997","text":"Jared Banks Jared Banks is a fictional character on the American daytime drama \"One Life to Live\". Originally slated to debut on August 17, 2007, the character, as portrayed by John Brotherton, first appeared a week earlier on August 10, 2007. Chris Bones played a young Jared in flashbacks on January 17, 2008. Jared died onscreen November 13, 2009, and with Brotherton last appearing onscreen as a vision February 9, 2010. A character recently released from prison, actor John Brotherton originated the role of down-and-out Jared Banks when he arrives in fictional Llanview, Pennsylvania, holding a particular interest in the","title":"Jared Banks"},{"psg_id":"20010774","text":"duo, while they spent time honing their contemporary worship music at Bethel Church in Temple, Texas. </ref> The first release, an extended play, \"Kat&Jared\", was released on February 4, 2017, from Natives Music Group. EPs Kat&Jared Kat&Jared are an American Christian music husband-and-wife duo from Belton, Texas, and they started making music together in 2017. They released an extended play, \"Kat&Jared\" (2017), with Natives Music Group. Kat & Jared have built strong musical and personal bonds thanks in part to 8 years spent on the road with Jared’s platinum-selling band Flyleaf. That opportunity to minister through music stoked their faith","title":"Kat&Jared"},{"psg_id":"20010772","text":"Kat&Jared Kat&Jared are an American Christian music husband-and-wife duo from Belton, Texas, and they started making music together in 2017. They released an extended play, \"Kat&Jared\" (2017), with Natives Music Group. Kat & Jared have built strong musical and personal bonds thanks in part to 8 years spent on the road with Jared’s platinum-selling band Flyleaf. That opportunity to minister through music stoked their faith to become even stronger. As Flyleaf went on hiatus, Kat & Jared knew it was time to take their next step, both as worship leaders and as artists. Driving rhythms and jubilant melody lines intertwine","title":"Kat&Jared"},{"psg_id":"17779971","text":"Jarvis. The song was released as a single officially in June 1967. \"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)\" reached a peak of number five on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart later that year. The single became Davis' first top-ten country hit in three years since 1964's \"Gonna Get Along Without You Now\" reached number eight. Additionally, \"What Does It Take\" was Davis' first entry onto the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 since 1965, reaching a peak of twenty-one. The song was eventually released onto a studio album of the same name. What Does","title":"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)"},{"psg_id":"17779970","text":"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied) \"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)\" is a song written by Jim Glaser, that was recorded and released as a single in 1967 by American country artist, Skeeter Davis. Jim Glaser was a member of the popular country music group, Tompall and the Glaser Brothers. \"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)\" was recorded at the RCA Victor Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States on May 1, 1967, one month before it was released. The session was produced by Felton","title":"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)"},{"psg_id":"19397581","text":"UFO, Saxon, and Blue Öyster Cult. His second full-length album ‘Black Magic’ was released January 2018 and has gained powerful acclaim from guitar, classic rock and blues fans worldwide. Jared James Nichols is endorsed by Gibson/Epiphone, Seymour Duncan, Blackstar Amps, & D'addario Strings. Jared primarily plays a Les Paul nicknamed Old Glory fitted with a single Seymour Duncan Antiquity p90 in the bridge position. He uses D'addario NYXL 10/52 strings. He plays Blackstar 30-watt combos & 100-watt Stacks. He is seen using Seymour Duncan Boost/Overdrives left ‘always on’ 1. http://uproxx.com/music/jared-james-nichols-uncharted-guitarist/ 2. http://www.jsonline.com/story/entertainment/music/2017/04/05/rocking-out-until-he-literally-bleeds-jared-james-nichols-pain-paying-off/99982506/ 3. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jared-james-nichols-mn0003168353 4. http://bluesrockreview.com/tag/jared-james-nichols 5. http://www.guitarworld.com/features-news-interviews/wild-revival-jared-james-nichols-talks-new-ep-and-playing-blues/%0919745 6. http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/start-me-up-jared-james-nichols-627794","title":"Jared James Nichols"},{"psg_id":"10417469","text":"that might not be useful to \"give ease\" to others. He was well known for his tinctures, salves and compounds. To quote his apprentice, Darryl Patton: There are many 'Herbalists' around recommending all sorts of strange herbal treatments. But they have absolutely no knowledge of what a medicinal plant looks like in the woods and outside of a bottle. These herbal \"pharmacists\" come and go like every other fad. Tommie and those who follow in his footsteps will continue to use simple herbs for healing. Tommie Bass Arthur Lee \"Tommie\" Bass (January 24, 1908August 28, 1996) was an Appalachian herbalist","title":"Tommie Bass"},{"psg_id":"7899180","text":"the sounds of the strings being plucked, bowed, or slapped. The two sound signals are blended using a simple mixer and then routed to the amplifier. While many upright bass players use combo amplifiers, bassists in genres that use high stage volume, such as the punk-rockabilly genre of psychobilly use \"bass stacks\". Some jazz bassists and other bass players who play in small venues use specialized, expensive upright bass amps, like the Acoustic Image combo amplifier. Double bass players playing in genres where a louder amplified tone (emphasizing the fundamental frequencies) is desired for the bass may be more likely","title":"Bass amplifier"},{"psg_id":"2496620","text":"was an Ethiopian bishop who introduced the concept of sacred music to Ethiopian Orthodox services. He is regarded as a saint of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church with a feast day of 11 Genbot (May 19). Jared Jared is a given name of Biblical derivation, common mostly in North American English-speaking countries. In the Book of Genesis, the biblical patriarch Jared (יֶרֶד) was the sixth link in the ten pre-flood generations between Adam and Noah; he was the son of Mahalaleel and the father of Enoch, and lived 962 years (per Genesis 5:18). The biblical text in Jubilees implicitly etymologizes the","title":"Jared"},{"psg_id":"13757491","text":"Jared Keeso Jared Keeso ( ; born July 1, 1984) is a Canadian actor. He currently has the leading role of Wayne in the sitcom \"Letterkenny\", as well as being series creator. Keeso is also known for his co-leading role, portraying Ben Chartier, in the 2014 TV series \"19-2\". Jared Keeso was born in Listowel, Ontario. His father owns and operates the Keeso Sawmill company just north of town. The company was founded in 1872 by Keeso's ancestors and has remained in the family ever since. Jared spent several years working in the mill before embarking on his acting career.","title":"Jared Keeso"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15112035\",\n \"text\": \"Fox named him part of their team covering that year's CONCACAF Gold Cup. He has also called UEFA Europa League, Bundesliga, MLS, FIFA U-17 World Cup, and FIFA U-20 World Cup action for Fox. Followill was also an announcer for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Followill also announces play-by-play action for college football telecasts for Fox Sports. Earlier in his career, he was the play-by-play announcer for the SMU football team. Followill is a native of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. He graduated from Northwest High School in Justin, Texas, and attended the University of North Texas. Mark Followill Mark Followill\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Followill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15112033\",\n \"text\": \"Mark Followill Mark Followill is an American sports announcer. Early in his career, Followill worked in various positions at KTCK The Ticket in Dallas including as host of \\\"The Ender.\\\" He still makes regular contributions to the station. He also had a stint at KTOK in Oklahoma City. Followill is the television play-by-play voice for the Dallas Mavericks, a position he's held since 2005. He and analyst Derek Harper won a Lone Star Emmy award in 2014 for their work on Mavericks broadcasts. Followill had previously been the radio play-by-play voice for the Mavericks on 103.3 ESPN Radio from 2001\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Followill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15112034\",\n \"text\": \"to 2005. He won the Katie Award for Best Play-by-Play Sportscast in 2002 and the Texas Associated Press Award for Best Play-by-Play Broadcast in 2004 and 2005. Followill is also the television play-by-play announcer for FC Dallas. In 2012, he began calling FCD games except when they conflicted with his responsibilities with the Mavericks. His work with FC Dallas gained the attention of Fox Sports, who named him as one of their announcers for Copa America Centenario. Later that summer, he was named as one of the announcers for NBC's coverage of soccer at the 2016 Summer Olympics. In 2017,\",\n \"title\": \"Mark Followill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810778\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810760\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810767\",\n \"text\": \"reviews\\\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \\\" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the episode as \\\"contemplative\\\", \\\"anticlimactic\\\" and \\\"subdued\\\" and the flash sideways as \\\"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\\\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \\\" 'What Kate\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17122127\",\n \"text\": \"of Rock the Universe 2003, where it was said that they were \\\"clearly giving their heart and soul into each moment of the set.\\\" In 2010, the supergroup The Honeymoon Thrillers was formed. This band consists of Nathan Barlowe (from Luna Halo) on guitar and vocals, Cary Barlowe (from Luna Halo) on lead guitar, Chris Boyle (from Mean Tambourines) on bass, Josiah Holland (from The Lonely Hearts) on keyboards, and Jared Byers on drums. In 2015, Jared Byers left Audio Adrenaline, to pursue other interests. Jared Byers Jared Byers is a drummer. He was formerly the drummer for the Christian\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Byers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945154\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8332277\",\n \"text\": \"song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. In the music video, the word \\\"legs\\\" (as part of \\\"I'll swing my legs\\\") is censored due to the line meaning to hang oneself. In October 2011, \\\"NME\\\" placed it at number 38 on its list \\\"150 Best Tracks of the Past 15 Years\\\". All songs written by Kings of Leon except where noted. The Bucket \\\"The Bucket\\\" is the first single taken from the \\\"Aha Shake Heartbreak\\\" album by the American rock band Kings of Leon. It is one of the band's most successful singles, reaching\",\n \"title\": \"The Bucket\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19793357\",\n \"text\": \"thirty-five seconds. Garret Hedlund pays homage to a fallen Cowboy whose name is Lane Frost. Also, the County in which the character is incarcerated is Lane Co. Beautiful War (song) \\\"Beautiful War\\\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was released as a digital download on December 9, 2013 through RCA Records as the fourth single from their sixth studio album \\\"Mechanical Bull\\\" (2013). The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. The song is first demoed to other music artists such as Christina Aguilera, Kelly Clarkson and Westlife.\",\n \"title\": \"Beautiful War (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19793356\",\n \"text\": \"Beautiful War (song) \\\"Beautiful War\\\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was released as a digital download on December 9, 2013 through RCA Records as the fourth single from their sixth studio album \\\"Mechanical Bull\\\" (2013). The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. The song is first demoed to other music artists such as Christina Aguilera, Kelly Clarkson and Westlife. A music video to accompany the release of \\\"Beautiful War\\\" was first released onto YouTube on November 22, 2013 at a total length of six minutes and\",\n \"title\": \"Beautiful War (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19722750\",\n \"text\": \"Waste a Moment (Kings of Leon song) \\\"Waste a Moment\\\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was released as a digital download on September 9, 2016 through RCA Records as the lead single from their seventh studio album \\\"WALLS\\\" (2016). The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill and Matthew Followill. A music video to accompany the release of \\\"Waste a Moment\\\" was first released onto YouTube on September 13, 2016. \\\"Waste a Moment\\\" is the band's fifth single (and their first since 2010's \\\"Radioactive\\\") to reach number one on \\\"Billboard\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Waste a Moment (Kings of Leon song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17444572\",\n \"text\": \"by W.I.Z. as \\\"an imagined hybrid of pop-art screenprint, hand tinting and Technicolour film\\\". W.I.Z. also explained that \\\"[We wanted] playful, sensual ideas of teen angst, rock and roll and Americana; we wanted to a make a piece that was urgent as well as effortless, precision with abandon\\\". Supersoaker (song) \\\"Supersoaker\\\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill, and Matthew Followill and produced by Angelo Petraglia. It was released on July 17, 2013 as the lead single from their sixth studio album \\\"Mechanical Bull\\\" (2013), and\",\n \"title\": \"Supersoaker (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17444571\",\n \"text\": \"Supersoaker (song) \\\"Supersoaker\\\" is a song by American rock band Kings of Leon. The song was written by Caleb Followill, Nathan Followill, Jared Followill, and Matthew Followill and produced by Angelo Petraglia. It was released on July 17, 2013 as the lead single from their sixth studio album \\\"Mechanical Bull\\\" (2013), and peaked at number 32 on the UK Singles Chart. On September 24, 2013, Kings of Leon performed \\\"Supersoaker\\\" on ABC's morning show \\\"Good Morning America\\\". The music video for the song was directed by W.I.Z.. The clip, which shows a love story set in the 1950s, was described\",\n \"title\": \"Supersoaker (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19397582\",\n \"text\": \"7. http://www.gibson.com/News-Lifestyle/Features/en-us/30-Under-30-A-New-Generation-of-Players-4.aspx 8. http://www.daddario.com/DADMobileArtistDetail.Page?ActiveID=3835&ArtistId=42485 9. https://www.blackstaramps.com/uk/artists/profile/jared-james-nichols 10. http://www.seymourduncan.com/artist/jared-james-nichols Jared James Nichols Jared James Nichols is an American blues-rock guitarist and singer from the state of Wisconsin. He is best known for his high-energy performances and 'pick-less' electric guitar playing technique. He is rarely seen without playing his 'signature' single-pickup Epiphone Les Paul Custom nick-named \\\"Old Glory\\\". He fronts a \\\"power-trio\\\" under his name, rooted in the early 1970s hard-rock vein of Cream and Mountain. He resides in Los Angeles, California. Dennis Holm - Drums Gregg Cash - Bass Jared James Nichols moved to Los Angeles in 2010. He quickly gained\",\n \"title\": \"Jared James Nichols\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3466947\",\n \"text\": \"2010. Their sixth album, \\\"Mechanical Bull\\\", was released on September 24, 2013. The seventh studio album, \\\"WALLS\\\", was released on October 14, 2016. The group has 12 Grammy Award nominations, including 4 wins. The three Followill brothers (Matthew is their cousin) grew up in Oklahoma and Tennessee with their father, Ivan Leon Followill, a United Pentecostal Church preacher, and their mother, Betty-Ann. Nathan was born in Oklahoma, and Jared and Caleb were born in and around Memphis, Tennessee. Jared attended Mount Juliet High School, while Matthew was born and raised in Mississippi. According to \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" magazine, \\\"While Ivan preached\",\n \"title\": \"Kings of Leon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926463\",\n \"text\": \"was first used on the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll\\\" which later became \\\"You'll Be Under My Wheels\\\". The second time they used it is from a song called \\\"Lyrical Terrorist\\\" which later became \\\"Serial Thrilla\\\", but it was soon used on the album \\\"The Day Is My Enemy\\\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926460\",\n \"text\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \\\"nigga\\\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \\\"Scoopy Rap\\\" and \\\"Family Rap\\\" in 1979, and \\\"New York\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050855\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050853\",\n \"text\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014933\",\n \"text\": \"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \\\"The Tube\\\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \\\"die very quickly\\\", and that he wanted to \\\"herald the death\\\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014931\",\n \"text\": \"What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \\\"The Smiths\\\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \\\"Hatful of Hollow\\\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is among his least favourite songs\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7899178\",\n \"text\": \"bass amplifiers are designed for use with an electric bass, which has magnetic pickups. When a double bass player is plugging their instrument into a typical bass amp, the signal usually comes from a piezoelectric pickup mounted on the bridge or beneath the feet of the bridge. The direct signal from a piezoelectric pickup does not usually sound good when it is plugged into a standard electric bass amp. Many upright bass players who use piezoelectric pickups use a preamplifier or preamp-equipped DI box before the signal is sent to the bass amp. The preamplifier helps to ensure that the\",\n \"title\": \"Bass amplifier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16729320\",\n \"text\": \"August 28, 2012. Their debut EP, \\\"EP1\\\", was released on October 16, 2012. In a press statement, Followill said of recording the debut EP, \\\"Coming together just worked. I think it's because we took such an easy approach to it, we didn't bring any egos to it. We just talked about each other's ideas, neither one of us got our feelings hurt. It just worked.\\\" Smoke & Jackal Smoke & Jackal is a rock supergroup composed of Kings of Leon bassist Jared Followill and Mona singer and guitarist Nick Brown. On June 22, 2012, Brown posted a photo of Followill\",\n \"title\": \"Smoke & Jackal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16729319\",\n \"text\": \"Smoke & Jackal Smoke & Jackal is a rock supergroup composed of Kings of Leon bassist Jared Followill and Mona singer and guitarist Nick Brown. On June 22, 2012, Brown posted a photo of Followill and himself on Instagram and tumblr with the caption, \\\"Smoke & Jackal\\\", hinting at a collaboration between the two. Followill and Brown first recorded as a duo at Brown's home in Nashville, Tennessee, completing the material for their first release within a week. The group's first single, \\\"No Tell\\\", was uploaded to the band's Soundcloud page on August 21, 2012 and was released digitally on\",\n \"title\": \"Smoke & Jackal\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810761\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19397578\",\n \"text\": \"Jared James Nichols Jared James Nichols is an American blues-rock guitarist and singer from the state of Wisconsin. He is best known for his high-energy performances and 'pick-less' electric guitar playing technique. He is rarely seen without playing his 'signature' single-pickup Epiphone Les Paul Custom nick-named \\\"Old Glory\\\". He fronts a \\\"power-trio\\\" under his name, rooted in the early 1970s hard-rock vein of Cream and Mountain. He resides in Los Angeles, California. Dennis Holm - Drums Gregg Cash - Bass Jared James Nichols moved to Los Angeles in 2010. He quickly gained momentum by winning the prestigious Gibson Les Paul\",\n \"title\": \"Jared James Nichols\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12142575\",\n \"text\": \"peaking at #1 on the Billboard Alternative Songs. In Australia, the song \\\"Manhattan\\\" was released to radio as another single. The song spent four weeks on the singles chart and peaked at number 38 and reached number two on the National Airplay Chart. The song has also had heavy rotation on UK radio station's such as Xfm. Another fan favorite was the album's opening track \\\"Closer,\\\" which features a three note riff by bass player Jared Followill that utilises a Boss ME50 multi-effects pedal to add a distinctive octave sweep reminiscent of the DigiTech Whammy. Metacritic, which uses a weighted\",\n \"title\": \"Only by the Night\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12761703\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Bernstein Jared Bernstein (born 1955) is a Senior Fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. From 2009 to 2011, Bernstein was the Chief Economist and Economic Adviser to Vice President Joseph Biden in the Obama Administration. He was considered to be a progressive and \\\"a strong advocate for workers.\\\" Born to a Jewish-American family, Bernstein graduated with a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from the Manhattan School of Music where he studied double bass with Orin O'Brien. He earned a master's degree in Social Work from the Hunter College School of Social Work, and, from Columbia University,\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Bernstein\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3325679\",\n \"text\": \"of Ether in the Book of Mormon, as a place that the people pitched their tents. Joseph Smith said that the full name and its connection to the brother of Jared were later revealed to him: Etymologies have been proposed but remain largely speculative. According to Daniel H. Ludlow, it is not clear why the name of the brother of Jared does not appear in the Book of Mormon. However, the following are possible reasons: Brother of Jared In the Book of Mormon, the brother of Jared is the most prominent person in the account given in the beginning (Chapters\",\n \"title\": \"Brother of Jared\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050854\",\n \"text\": \"lyrics of the Beatles song \\\"She Said, She Said\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \\\"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\\\" \\\"Trouser Press\\\" called it \\\"even better\\\" than \\\"Script of the Bridge\\\", \\\"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663178\",\n \"text\": \"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \\\"What Does The Bee Do?\\\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \\\"IGN\\\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \\\"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\\\" \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" rated the episode an \\\"A-\\\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663175\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the Bee Do? \\\"What Does the Bee Do?\\\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \\\"Boardwalk Empire\\\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12788878\",\n \"text\": \"as one of the co-chairmen of the International Committee to Defend Slobodan Milošević. He has denied events leading to Srebrenica genocideand its consequences, and condemned Kosovo's independence as being illegal and in fact having been orchestrated by the United States, Germany and the Vatican. Jared Israel has written a great deal analyzing and challenging the mainstream account of what happened during the September 11 attacks and suggesting it was an \\\"inside job\\\". Jared Israel Jared Israel (born 1944) is an American writer, activist and conspiracy theorist who edits the website \\\"The Emperor’s New Clothes\\\", and has been published in \\\"Arutz\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Israel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10724006\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie left the Banks household — \\\"did to you and your family.\\\" Pamela, who still remembers Jared with fondness, warmly wishes him good luck with the company, and tells him that — whether he realizes it or not — what he is doing is not about the money or the power, but about the Buchanans, and their good name. Jared and Natalie continue to fight their now-forbidden attraction to each other. Charlie is not happy with Jared's scheme, but vows to protect his son's secret as part of his attempt to reconcile with Jared. Soon Charlie, who is romantically involved\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Banks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810777\",\n \"text\": \"that it by no means compared to \\\"LA X\\\", but stated that it \\\"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\\\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \\\"freakin' outstanding\\\" and called \\\"What Kate Does\\\" \\\"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810770\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\\\" Whitney Matheson of \\\"USA Today\\\" said that she \\\"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\\\" after watching \\\"What Kate Does\\\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \\\"one of Josh\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810766\",\n \"text\": \"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \\\"What Kate Does\\\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \\\"generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19071901\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Ward Jared Ward (born September 9, 1988) is an American long distance runner. He qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics when he placed third in the marathon at the 2016 U.S. Olympic Trials. He is also made famous with the use of his name on the LetsRun website under the meme ‘Who’s Jarod Word?’. Ward has a master's degree in statistics from Brigham Young University (BYU), and teaches statistics at BYU as an adjunct professor. He is a Member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and took a two-year mission to Pittsburgh. Jared and his\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Ward\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4821103\",\n \"text\": \"does not have a hollow sound chamber, or only includes a small sound chamber, the EUB is less prone to feedback than the double bass when amplified. To use a bow with an EUB, both the bridge and fingerboard need to be radiussed (given a curve). If the EUB's bridge and fingerboard are relatively flat, like those on an electric bass, then it is not possible to use the bow on the inner strings. By adjusting the amplifier tone controls an EUB can sound similar to an acoustic double bass. As well, by using tone controls and bass effects, an\",\n \"title\": \"Electric upright bass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3703477\",\n \"text\": \"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \\\"does exactly what it says on the tube\\\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \\\"What It Says on the Tin\\\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17495360\",\n \"text\": \"later named the NFC Offensive Player of the Month for September. In Week 14 against the Chicago Bears, Goff threw for 180 yards, no touchdowns, and a career-high four interceptions as the Rams lost 15–6. \\\"Source\\\": Goff appeared as a guest for the Outdoor Channel's \\\"Gridiron Outdoors\\\", which is hosted by former football quarterback Mike Pawlawski in 2016. Goff has an enzyme deficiency that does not allow his body to break down proteins, including not being able to process red meat. Jared Goff Jared Thomas Goff (born October 14, 1994) is an American football quarterback for the Los Angeles Rams\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Goff\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13610313\",\n \"text\": \"where Monti trained, is named in his honor. The former Pine Plains Fitness Center on Fort Drum has been renamed the Monti Fitness Facility in honor of SFC Jared C. Monti. In May 2013, Connie Harrington, songwriter of Lee Brice's number one country hit \\\"I Drive Your Truck,\\\" revealed that she wrote the song after listening to Monti's father, Paul, on the public radio program \\\"Here & Now\\\". It was Paul Monti's answer to \\\"Here & Now\\\" when asked what he did to reconnect with his son's memory. Jared C. Monti Jared Christopher Monti (20 September 1975 – 21 June\",\n \"title\": \"Jared C. Monti\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11375236\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Potter Kirtland Jared Potter Kirtland (November 10, 1793 – December 10, 1877) was a naturalist, malacologist, and politician most active in the U.S. state of Ohio, where he served as a probate judge, and in the Ohio House of Representatives. He was also a physician and co-founder of Western Reserve University's Medical School, as well as what would become the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Kirtland's warbler (\\\"Setophaga kirtlandii\\\"), Kirtland's snake (\\\"Clonophis kirtlandii\\\"), and the forest vine snake (\\\"Thelotornis kirtlandii\\\") are named after him. Kirtland was born in Wallingford, Connecticut. His mother was Mary, daughter of Dr. Jared Potter,\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Potter Kirtland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544507\",\n \"text\": \"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \\\"Just Dance 2015\\\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \\\"What do the Foxes Say?\\\" in 442oons video. !scope=\\\"col\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3466945\",\n \"text\": \"Kings of Leon Kings of Leon is an American rock band that formed in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1999. The band is composed of brothers Caleb, Nathan and Jared Followill with their cousin Matthew Followill. The band's early music was a blend of Southern rock and blues influences, but it has gradually evolved throughout the years to include a variety of genres and a more alternative, arena rock sound. Kings of Leon achieved initial success in the United Kingdom with nine Top 40 singles, two BRIT Awards in 2008, and all three of the band's albums at the time peaked in\",\n \"title\": \"Kings of Leon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7899158\",\n \"text\": \"bass amp. This approach does not use a crossover, but since an electric guitar amp will only produce pitches down to about 80 Hz, the guitar amp reproduces the mid- to high frequencies and the bass amp reproduces the low frequencies. With this arrangement, distortion and other effects can be applied to the guitar amp without affecting the solidity of the bass amp tone. Some bass amplifier combos have a \\\"whizzer cone\\\" attached to the low frequency woofer's centre. The whizzer cone is about the same size as a dust cap, although it resembles a miniature speaker cone. The whizzer\",\n \"title\": \"Bass amplifier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12680997\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a too-cool hipster's cry for comfort\\\". Nick Levine of Digital Spy said, \\\"With its Springsteen-style 'oooah-woooah's, gathering storm of guitars and lusty, longing vocals from Caleb Followill, it's nearly as infectious as 'Sex on Fire'.\\\" Gavin Haynes of \\\"NME\\\" praised the song as \\\"easily the best 80's power ballad of 2008\\\", but cautioned that the band \\\"may be in danger of mistaking bluster for brilliance\\\". In the United States, \\\"Use Somebody\\\" became the band's mainstream breakthrough. Peaking at number four on the Hot 100, it gave the band their first top five hit there, and spent 57 weeks on the\",\n \"title\": \"Use Somebody\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13519959\",\n \"text\": \"G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album \\\"Duotones\\\". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\\\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\\\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13519957\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\\\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\\\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9057991\",\n \"text\": \"Inglewood Plantation near Morgan City, also in St. Mary Parish, to Jared Young Sanders II, and the former Elizabeth Wofford. He did not use the Roman numeral \\\"III\\\" but was referred to as Jared \\\"Sr.\\\", after the birth of his only son, \\\"Jared Young Sanders Jr.,\\\" but really Jared Sanders, IV. Sanders was educated in the public schools of Franklin, St. Charles College in Grand Coteau, and the Tulane University Law School in New Orleans, from which he received his LL.B. degree in 1893. He was the editor and publisher of the weekly Franklin newspaper, the \\\"St. Mary Banner\\\", from\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Y. Sanders Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3466965\",\n \"text\": \"On August 22, 2012, Jared and Nick Brown from Mona released their song \\\"No Tell\\\" under the name Smoke & Jackal. On August 23, 2012, when asked if it was the end of Kings of Leon with Smoke & Jackal announced, Jared said \\\"Not even close. Working on album six very soon\\\". Kings of Leon bassist Jared Followill confirmed that the band had finished recording their sixth LP, which was reported by \\\"NME\\\" to be released in September. The album title \\\"Mechanical Bull\\\" was revealed on June 7, and the album was released on September 24. The album's first single,\",\n \"title\": \"Kings of Leon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6328673\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Has Aides \\\"Jared Has Aides\\\" is the sixth season premiere of the adult American animated television series \\\"South Park\\\", and the 80th episode of the series overall. It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 6, 2002. The episode was rated TV-MA in the United States, except on syndicated broadcasts, where it is rated TV-14 instead. In the episode, weight loss advocate Jared Fogle incurs the wrath of South Park after he announces that he lost weight because he has aides (misinterpreted as AIDS). This leads the boys to try to use Butters as their\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Has Aides\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5433944\",\n \"text\": \"both by Hector Berlioz in an arrangement of his \\\"Chant sacre\\\", and by Georges Kastner in his opera \\\"Le Dernier Roi de Juda\\\". In the 1950s and 1960s it enjoyed a brief vogue in orchestrations for musical theater: Leonard Bernstein’s original score for \\\"West Side Story\\\" includes bass saxophone, as does Meredith Willson’s \\\"Music Man\\\" and Sandy Wilson’s \\\"The Boy Friend\\\". Australian composer Percy Grainger and American composer Warren Benson have championed the use of the instrument in their music for concert band. Although bass saxophones in C were made for orchestral use, modern instruments are in B. This puts\",\n \"title\": \"Bass saxophone\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16729323\",\n \"text\": \"it, we didn't bring any egos to it. We just talked about each other's ideas, neither one of us got our feelings hurt. It just worked.\\\"\\\" In the same press statement, Brown said of the lead single, \\\"\\\"It was all about tone and vibe and what felt right in that moment. Not second guessing, just having fun in that moment.\\\"\\\" EP1 (Smoke & Jackal EP) EP1 is the debut EP by American rock supergroup Smoke & Jackal, released on October 16, 2012 on RCA Records. Mona singer and guitarist Nick Brown and Kings of Leon bassist Jared Followill recorded the\",\n \"title\": \"EP1 (Smoke & Jackal EP)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20010773\",\n \"text\": \"with Kat’s luminous vocals to create uplifting anthems that celebrate life, love, and devotion. While the professionalism is undeniable and talent present in spades, what really resonates about Kat & Jared is their warmth. There is a light that shines, a genuine craving to spread heart and hope that emanates from every guitar lick and lyric. This is music that moves both the people who make and those who are lucky enough to hear it. It’s proof, as ever, that we’re stronger together, united in the presence of Jesus Christ. Kat&Jared are from Belton, Texas, where they are husband-and-wife music\",\n \"title\": \"Kat&Jared\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17500385\",\n \"text\": \"was charged with assault and battery with a dangerous weapon. Remy was accused of throwing scalding water in the detainee's face before beating him with his fists, a green plastic chair, and a bar of soap, new court records show. After the attack, Remy stated \\\"I did what I had to do–I got a child molester\\\". Remy is serving his life sentence at the maximum security Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center in Shirley, Massachusetts. Jared Remy Jared W. Remy (born September 7, 1978) is an American career criminal who pleaded guilty to the murder of his girlfriend, Jennifer Martel. He is the\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Remy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16976818\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Ball Jared A. Ball (born 1971, Washington, D.C.) is a professor of communication studies at Morgan State University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. He is also an author, radio host and mixtape radio producer. In the 2008 presidential election, Ball sought the nomination of the Green Party of the United States before eventually dropping out and endorsing Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney. Ball is a graduate of the University of Maryland at College Park, the Cornell Africana Studies and Research Center at Cornell University and Frostburg State University. Ball is the author of \\\"I Mix What I Like! A Mixtape Manifesto\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Ball\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10309299\",\n \"text\": \"Jared French Jared French (February 4, 1905 – January 8, 1988) was an American painter who specialized in the medium of egg tempera. He was one of the artists attributed to the style of art known as magic realism along with contemporaries George Tooker and Paul Cadmus. Born in Ossining, New York, French received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Amherst College in 1925. Soon after this he met and befriended Paul Cadmus (1904–1999) in New York City, who became his lover. French persuaded Cadmus to give up commercial art for what he deemed, \\\"serious painting\\\". In 1930, while French\",\n \"title\": \"Jared French\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7899109\",\n \"text\": \"can be used as a practice amp, so that the bassist can practice when she/he has the head, but not the speaker cabinet. This way, a bassist in a touring band could practice electric bass using her amp head, even if her speaker cabinets were still locked up in an equipment van. A third product which does not fit into the \\\"combo\\\"/\\\"head\\\"/cabinet categorization are powered speaker cabinets designed for use with bass instruments. While these powered speakers share many features with a regular combo amp, a bassist cannot plug her bass directly into a powered speaker cab. The powered speaker\",\n \"title\": \"Bass amplifier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"114943\",\n \"text\": \"solo passages for the bass in orchestral or chamber music, composers typically ensure the orchestration is light so it does not obscure the bass. While amplification is rarely used in classical music, in some cases where a bass soloist performs a concerto with a full orchestra, subtle amplification called acoustic enhancement may be used. The use of microphones and amplifiers in a classical setting has led to debate within the classical community, as \\\"...purists maintain that the natural acoustic sound of [Classical] voices [or] instruments in a given hall should not be altered.\\\" In many genres, such as jazz and\",\n \"title\": \"Double bass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"114906\",\n \"text\": \"Double bass in bluegrass music, Double bass in jazz, and Double bass in popular music). The change from gut to steel has also affected the instrument's playing technique over the last hundred years. Steel strings can be set up closer to the fingerboard and, additionally, strings can be played in higher positions on the lower strings and still produce clear tone. The classic 19th century Franz Simandl method does not use the low E string in higher positions because older gut strings, set up high over the fingerboard, could not produce clear tone in these higher positions. However, with modern\",\n \"title\": \"Double bass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19095970\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song) \\\"What Does It Take\\\" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP \\\"Dinner and a Movie\\\". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544483\",\n \"text\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. \\\"The Fox\\\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13087797\",\n \"text\": \"The Journey of Jared Price The Journey of Jared Price is a gay-themed coming-of-age 2000 film written, produced and directed by Academy Award winner Dustin Lance Black and starring Corey Spears, Josh Jacobson, Rocki Cragg, and Steve Tyler. \\\"The Journey of Jared Price\\\" was Black's first feature film. Nineteen year old Jared (Corey Spears) arrives in Los Angeles from a small town in Georgia seeking a different life. When he arrives in L.A., he rents a room in a youth hostel that's furnished with bunk beds and already has one occupant, a male prostitute who needs to use their room\",\n \"title\": \"The Journey of Jared Price\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11958748\",\n \"text\": \"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11958746\",\n \"text\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3466972\",\n \"text\": \"song \\\"Northcote (So Hungover)\\\" as inspirational icons: \\\"Riding around on the 86, so hungover / Gonna go down to Pony, pretend I'm in Kings of Leon\\\", and depicted in the music video. Caleb, Nathan, and Jared Followill made a guest appearance in the \\\"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\\\" episode \\\"The High School Reunion\\\" (season 7, episode 12). The episode mocks the Fox musical-comedy \\\"Glee\\\", which itself is set in a high school. The members of Kings of Leon dislike \\\"Glee\\\" and refused to let them use their music, and as fans of \\\"Sunny\\\", asked to make a guest appearance. Kings\",\n \"title\": \"Kings of Leon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19071904\",\n \"text\": \"in the 70s on a drizzly, humid morning. Jared Ward Jared Ward (born September 9, 1988) is an American long distance runner. He qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics when he placed third in the marathon at the 2016 U.S. Olympic Trials. He is also made famous with the use of his name on the LetsRun website under the meme ‘Who’s Jarod Word?’. Ward has a master's degree in statistics from Brigham Young University (BYU), and teaches statistics at BYU as an adjunct professor. He is a Member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and took\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Ward\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17500359\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Remy Jared W. Remy (born September 7, 1978) is an American career criminal who pleaded guilty to the murder of his girlfriend, Jennifer Martel. He is the son of former Boston Red Sox player and current Red Sox broadcaster Jerry Remy. Remy previously worked for the Red Sox's security staff, but was fired after a Major League Baseball investigation implicated him in steroid use. Remy was born in 1978 to Jerry and Phoebe Remy. Due to his struggles with dyslexia and aggression, Weston public schools paid for Remy to attend the Gifford School, a special education program for students\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Remy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16634248\",\n \"text\": \"Bad\\\" (Cobra Starship), a solo of \\\"Not Ready to Make Nice\\\" (Dixie Chicks) reaching No.23 on iTunes charts, a battle round performance of \\\"Ain't No Mountain High Enough\\\" (Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell), a Team Blake group performance of \\\"This Love\\\" (Maroon 5) with Shelton, Dia Frampton, Xenia Martinez, and Patrick Thomas, and a solo of \\\"Use Somebody\\\" (Kings of Leon) reaching No.16 on iTunes charts. In November 2011 Jared released his first single titled \\\"Don't Mind\\\", and the video was released in February 2012. Jared Blake's single 'Don't Mind' won a spot in WKDQ Country Whuppin' Hall of Fame\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Blake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"115000\",\n \"text\": \"in traditional bluegrass slap bass only appears sporadically and most of what I've done has been on the more contemporary side of that (Tony Rice, Tim O'Brien).\\\" Schatz states that he would be \\\"... more likely to use it [slap] in a live situation than on a recording—for a solo or to punctuate a particular place in a song or tune where I wouldn't be obliterating someone's solo.\\\" Another bluegrass method, \\\"Learn to Play Bluegrass Bass\\\", by Earl Gately, also teaches bluegrass slap bass technique. German bassist Didi Beck plays rapid triplet slaps, as demonstrated in this video. In the\",\n \"title\": \"Double bass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9422226\",\n \"text\": \"which also simulcasts in Maine as WJTO 730) plays the original vinyl \\\"\\\" edit. Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? \\\"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\\\" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album \\\"Chicago Transit Authority\\\" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, \\\"Make Me Smile\\\" and \\\"25 or 6 to 4\\\", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top\",\n \"title\": \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9422222\",\n \"text\": \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? \\\"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\\\" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album \\\"Chicago Transit Authority\\\" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, \\\"Make Me Smile\\\" and \\\"25 or 6 to 4\\\", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top 10 single, peaking at in the U.S. and No. 2 in Canada. Because the\",\n \"title\": \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3703475\",\n \"text\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases \\\"by name and by nature\\\" and \\\"it lives up to its name\\\". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5079139\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Pappas-Kelley Jared Pappas-Kelley is an American curator, researcher, and visual artist. He studied at The Evergreen State College, Goddard College and the European Graduate School where he served as Graduate Teaching Assistant for both Jean-Luc Nancy and Paul D. Miller (DJ Spooky) while completing his PhD. Pappas-Kelley also studied with filmmakers Claire Denis and Barbara Hammer whom he cites as influences on his visual work. His doctoral thesis, supervised by Sylvère Lotringer, examines the inherent instability of art objects, investigating what he terms \\\"the thing that is not a thing\\\" through an examination of events such as the 2004\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Pappas-Kelley\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014932\",\n \"text\": \"of the Smiths'. The character Ray Smith in the Jack Kerouac novel \\\"The Dharma Bums\\\" repeatedly says \\\"What difference does it make?\\\" as well as \\\"Pretty girls make graves\\\", the title of another track featured on \\\"The Smiths\\\". The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film \\\"The Collector\\\". Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind,\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4012364\",\n \"text\": \"Ampeg \\\"Baby Bass\\\"). Many modern EUBs use piezoelectric pickups located in the bridge or a combination of pickup types. The signal from the pickup is usually preamplified and equalized with a preamplifier and then sent to a bass amplifier or a PA system. For silent practice in a hotel room or apartment, an EUB can also be connected to headphones. Preamplifiers and equalizers for acoustic instruments or double basses can also be used to \\\"roll off\\\" the treble frequencies or \\\"notch out\\\" the \\\"scratchy-sounding\\\" frequencies. Since the EUB typically does not have a hollow sound chamber, or only includes a\",\n \"title\": \"Jazz bass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16138717\",\n \"text\": \"awarded annually as part of the group's research symposium to individuals who excel in the field of immunology. The Monash University Department of Immunology and Pathology established the Jared Purton Prize in Immunology in 2010. This award is offered to the top undergraduate Bachelor of Science or Biomedical Science student undertaking immunology as their major field of study. \\\"The following are Jared Purton's first-author publications. A full list of all papers on which Jared is a co-author is available through PubMed.\\\" Jared Purton Jared Franklin Purton (March 1976 – December 2009) was an Australian-born immunologist who contributed to the understanding\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Purton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10724010\",\n \"text\": \"her late husband Nash's spirit, John McBain suspects Jared as her stalker, much to Natalie's disapproval. When Jared went missing, Natalie and Jessica flew to Napa Valley, California to find him and they soon found out about Mitch Laurence's return from the dead, where he held the three captive. John and Brody Lovett flew to the vineyard to rescue them and when, after Mitch lays down on his knees from John's orders, Mitch shoots Jared. Jared was immediately taken to the hospital, where he was later pronounced dead, breathing his last before he could finish telling Natalie something. Jared Banks\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Banks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10724000\",\n \"text\": \"his motives and angry at his manipulations with her family. Jared boldly kisses Natalie at work, and she fires him. Jared arrives at Nash and Jessica's cottage with proof that he owns it as part of his stake in the vineyard, and proceeds to move in. Natalie re-hires him to get him to leave. To Natalie's chagrin, Jared kisses Natalie's niece/cousin Sarah Roberts at Capricorn, and the Buchanans are shocked as Renee invites Jared to stay at Asa's mansion. Jared and Sarah have a date at the Palace Hotel restaurant, watched by an irritated Natalie and Cristian Vega, who is\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Banks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10723999\",\n \"text\": \"Tess had been responsible for sending Jared to prison, thus ruining his chances at a good business job. Jared wants revenge on Jessica, believing that she had set him up and not believing that \\\"Tess\\\" had ever existed. Asa had died on August 16, 2007, soon after Jared's arrival in town; Jared befriends Asa's widow Renee, who claims to see much of her husband in Jared. Soon Asa's son Clint and butler Nigel — and later most of the family — are suspicious of Jared's motives. Jared and Natalie are attracted to each other, but she also is less-than-trusting of\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Banks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10723997\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Banks Jared Banks is a fictional character on the American daytime drama \\\"One Life to Live\\\". Originally slated to debut on August 17, 2007, the character, as portrayed by John Brotherton, first appeared a week earlier on August 10, 2007. Chris Bones played a young Jared in flashbacks on January 17, 2008. Jared died onscreen November 13, 2009, and with Brotherton last appearing onscreen as a vision February 9, 2010. A character recently released from prison, actor John Brotherton originated the role of down-and-out Jared Banks when he arrives in fictional Llanview, Pennsylvania, holding a particular interest in the\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Banks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20010774\",\n \"text\": \"duo, while they spent time honing their contemporary worship music at Bethel Church in Temple, Texas. </ref> The first release, an extended play, \\\"Kat&Jared\\\", was released on February 4, 2017, from Natives Music Group. EPs Kat&Jared Kat&Jared are an American Christian music husband-and-wife duo from Belton, Texas, and they started making music together in 2017. They released an extended play, \\\"Kat&Jared\\\" (2017), with Natives Music Group. Kat & Jared have built strong musical and personal bonds thanks in part to 8 years spent on the road with Jared’s platinum-selling band Flyleaf. That opportunity to minister through music stoked their faith\",\n \"title\": \"Kat&Jared\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20010772\",\n \"text\": \"Kat&Jared Kat&Jared are an American Christian music husband-and-wife duo from Belton, Texas, and they started making music together in 2017. They released an extended play, \\\"Kat&Jared\\\" (2017), with Natives Music Group. Kat & Jared have built strong musical and personal bonds thanks in part to 8 years spent on the road with Jared’s platinum-selling band Flyleaf. That opportunity to minister through music stoked their faith to become even stronger. As Flyleaf went on hiatus, Kat & Jared knew it was time to take their next step, both as worship leaders and as artists. Driving rhythms and jubilant melody lines intertwine\",\n \"title\": \"Kat&Jared\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17779971\",\n \"text\": \"Jarvis. The song was released as a single officially in June 1967. \\\"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)\\\" reached a peak of number five on the \\\"Billboard Magazine\\\" Hot Country Singles chart later that year. The single became Davis' first top-ten country hit in three years since 1964's \\\"Gonna Get Along Without You Now\\\" reached number eight. Additionally, \\\"What Does It Take\\\" was Davis' first entry onto the \\\"Billboard\\\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 since 1965, reaching a peak of twenty-one. The song was eventually released onto a studio album of the same name. What Does\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17779970\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied) \\\"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)\\\" is a song written by Jim Glaser, that was recorded and released as a single in 1967 by American country artist, Skeeter Davis. Jim Glaser was a member of the popular country music group, Tompall and the Glaser Brothers. \\\"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)\\\" was recorded at the RCA Victor Studio in Nashville, Tennessee, United States on May 1, 1967, one month before it was released. The session was produced by Felton\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Keep a Man Like You Satisfied)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19397581\",\n \"text\": \"UFO, Saxon, and Blue Öyster Cult. His second full-length album ‘Black Magic’ was released January 2018 and has gained powerful acclaim from guitar, classic rock and blues fans worldwide. Jared James Nichols is endorsed by Gibson/Epiphone, Seymour Duncan, Blackstar Amps, & D'addario Strings. Jared primarily plays a Les Paul nicknamed Old Glory fitted with a single Seymour Duncan Antiquity p90 in the bridge position. He uses D'addario NYXL 10/52 strings. He plays Blackstar 30-watt combos & 100-watt Stacks. He is seen using Seymour Duncan Boost/Overdrives left ‘always on’ 1. http://uproxx.com/music/jared-james-nichols-uncharted-guitarist/ 2. http://www.jsonline.com/story/entertainment/music/2017/04/05/rocking-out-until-he-literally-bleeds-jared-james-nichols-pain-paying-off/99982506/ 3. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jared-james-nichols-mn0003168353 4. http://bluesrockreview.com/tag/jared-james-nichols 5. http://www.guitarworld.com/features-news-interviews/wild-revival-jared-james-nichols-talks-new-ep-and-playing-blues/%0919745 6. http://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/start-me-up-jared-james-nichols-627794\",\n \"title\": \"Jared James Nichols\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10417469\",\n \"text\": \"that might not be useful to \\\"give ease\\\" to others. He was well known for his tinctures, salves and compounds. To quote his apprentice, Darryl Patton: There are many 'Herbalists' around recommending all sorts of strange herbal treatments. But they have absolutely no knowledge of what a medicinal plant looks like in the woods and outside of a bottle. These herbal \\\"pharmacists\\\" come and go like every other fad. Tommie and those who follow in his footsteps will continue to use simple herbs for healing. Tommie Bass Arthur Lee \\\"Tommie\\\" Bass (January 24, 1908August 28, 1996) was an Appalachian herbalist\",\n \"title\": \"Tommie Bass\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7899180\",\n \"text\": \"the sounds of the strings being plucked, bowed, or slapped. The two sound signals are blended using a simple mixer and then routed to the amplifier. While many upright bass players use combo amplifiers, bassists in genres that use high stage volume, such as the punk-rockabilly genre of psychobilly use \\\"bass stacks\\\". Some jazz bassists and other bass players who play in small venues use specialized, expensive upright bass amps, like the Acoustic Image combo amplifier. Double bass players playing in genres where a louder amplified tone (emphasizing the fundamental frequencies) is desired for the bass may be more likely\",\n \"title\": \"Bass amplifier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2496620\",\n \"text\": \"was an Ethiopian bishop who introduced the concept of sacred music to Ethiopian Orthodox services. He is regarded as a saint of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church with a feast day of 11 Genbot (May 19). Jared Jared is a given name of Biblical derivation, common mostly in North American English-speaking countries. In the Book of Genesis, the biblical patriarch Jared (יֶרֶד) was the sixth link in the ten pre-flood generations between Adam and Noah; he was the son of Mahalaleel and the father of Enoch, and lived 962 years (per Genesis 5:18). The biblical text in Jubilees implicitly etymologizes the\",\n \"title\": \"Jared\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13757491\",\n \"text\": \"Jared Keeso Jared Keeso ( ; born July 1, 1984) is a Canadian actor. He currently has the leading role of Wayne in the sitcom \\\"Letterkenny\\\", as well as being series creator. Keeso is also known for his co-leading role, portraying Ben Chartier, in the 2014 TV series \\\"19-2\\\". Jared Keeso was born in Listowel, Ontario. His father owns and operates the Keeso Sawmill company just north of town. The company was founded in 1872 by Keeso's ancestors and has remained in the family ever since. Jared spent several years working in the mill before embarking on his acting career.\",\n \"title\": \"Jared Keeso\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["bass guitar"],"string":"[\n \"bass guitar\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":881,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who played captain kirk in star trek?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"11892911","text":"Voyage of the Starship \"Enterprise\"\", with John Belushi as Kirk, Chevy Chase as Spock and Dan Aykroyd as McCoy. In the 1980s, \"Saturday Night Live\" did a sketch with William Shatner reprising his Captain Kirk role in \"The Restaurant Enterprise\", preceded by a sketch in which he played himself at a \"Trek\" convention angrily telling fans to \"Get a Life\", a phrase that has become part of \"Trek\" folklore. \"In Living Color\" continued the tradition in a sketch where Captain Kirk is played by a fellow Canadian Jim Carrey. A feature-length film that indirectly parodies \"Star Trek\" is \"Galaxy Quest\".","title":"Star Trek"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11892911\",\n \"text\": \"Voyage of the Starship \\\"Enterprise\\\"\\\", with John Belushi as Kirk, Chevy Chase as Spock and Dan Aykroyd as McCoy. In the 1980s, \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" did a sketch with William Shatner reprising his Captain Kirk role in \\\"The Restaurant Enterprise\\\", preceded by a sketch in which he played himself at a \\\"Trek\\\" convention angrily telling fans to \\\"Get a Life\\\", a phrase that has become part of \\\"Trek\\\" folklore. \\\"In Living Color\\\" continued the tradition in a sketch where Captain Kirk is played by a fellow Canadian Jim Carrey. A feature-length film that indirectly parodies \\\"Star Trek\\\" is \\\"Galaxy Quest\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"16429291","text":"first number one single on the chart, which had just been established. Following the success of \"Where's Captain Kirk?\", which refers to captain James T. Kirk of the \"Star Trek\" fictional universe, two further \"Star Trek\" related songs were released by the band. \"Spock's Missing\" followed six months later and \"Five Year Mission (Featuring the Return of Spock)\" was released on a later album. A Portuguese single released in 1981 had \"Where's Captain Kirk?\" on the a-side and \"Spock's Missing\" on the b-side. The single was later re-released by Spizz as a solo record in 1987. Both versions of the","title":"Where's Captain Kirk?"},{"psg_id":"5205012","text":"fiction which began to dominate fan publications in the mid- to late 1970s, references to bisexuality occurred in Gene Roddenberry's 1979 novelization of \"\". In a foreword written by James Kirk, the Captain cleverly avoids confirmation or denial of a romantic relationship with Spock. In 1972, \"Grup\", the first sexually themed \"Star Trek\" zine was published, to controversy in the fandom. In 1974 the first \"publicly published\" \"Star Trek\" slash fiction was presented in \"Grup #3\". Kirk/Spock fan fiction was the first prominent slash pairing. In 2000, a group of \"Star Trek\" fans created their own low budget \"Star Trek\"","title":"Sexuality in Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"3272837","text":"Number One (Star Trek) Number One is a fictional character who, in \"\", the original pilot episode of the science-fiction television series \"\", was the unnamed intellectual, problem-solving second-in-command serving under Captain Christopher Pike. She performs the same role for Pike \"as Spock later does for Kirk\". The character was played by Majel Barrett, who went on to play Nurse Christine Chapel in the original \"Star Trek\" and Lwaxana Troi in \"\" and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, as well as the computer's voice. Initially the character appeared only in the unaired pilot and in the footage used in \"\".","title":"Number One (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"3272843","text":"making \"Number One\" her informal name. Number One (Star Trek) Number One is a fictional character who, in \"\", the original pilot episode of the science-fiction television series \"\", was the unnamed intellectual, problem-solving second-in-command serving under Captain Christopher Pike. She performs the same role for Pike \"as Spock later does for Kirk\". The character was played by Majel Barrett, who went on to play Nurse Christine Chapel in the original \"Star Trek\" and Lwaxana Troi in \"\" and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, as well as the computer's voice. Initially the character appeared only in the unaired pilot and","title":"Number One (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"561547","text":"engineer Montgomery Scott during the original series. The phrase was never uttered by anyone in the original series, although the lines \"Scotty, beam us up\" and \"Beam me up\" were spoken by Captain Kirk in that series. \"Scotty, beam me up\" was spoken by Admiral Kirk in \"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\". On the special edition DVD of \"Star Trek IV\", the text commentary provided by Michael and Denise Okuda (co-authors of \"The Star Trek Encyclopedia\" and \"The Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future\") indicates that this was the closest anyone came to using that catchphrase in","title":"Transporter (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"16082405","text":"Trek\" films to avoid the typical pitfalls associated with film tie-in video games. Video games which influenced \"Star Trek\" included the \"Mass Effect\" series, \"Uncharted\" and \"Metroid Prime\", and certain elements of \"Star Trek\" reflected episodes of \"\" such as \"\" and \"Amok Time\". The game is set in the \"Star Trek\" Kelvin universe, between the events of the films \"Star Trek\" and \"Star Trek Into Darkness\", and follows the adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the Starfleet starship USS \"Enterprise\". The player takes control of either Kirk or first officer Spock, and investigates the theft","title":"Star Trek (2013 video game)"},{"psg_id":"358482","text":"Star Trek Generations Star Trek Generations is a 1994 American science fiction film directed by David Carson and based on the franchise of the same name created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the seventh film in the \"Star Trek\" film series, as well as the first to star the cast of the series \"\". In the film, Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the USS \"Enterprise\"-D joins forces with Captain James T. Kirk, to stop a villain from destroying a planet. Parts of the film were shot at the Valley of Fire State Park near Overton, Nevada, Paramount Studios, and Lone Pine,","title":"Star Trek Generations"},{"psg_id":"7058285","text":"of Captain James T. Kirk. Gene Roddenberry, the creator of \"Star Trek\", asserts in the book \"The Making of Star Trek\" by Stephen Whitfield, that the character of Kirk had been born in the state of Iowa. In March 1985, when the town was looking for a theme for its annual town festival, Steve Miller, a member of the Riverside City Council who had read Roddenberry's book, suggested to the council that Riverside should proclaim itself to be the future birthplace of Kirk. Miller's motion passed unanimously. The council later wrote to Roddenberry for his permission to be designated as","title":"Cultural influence of Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"581887","text":"is \"angry at the world\". Kirk and Spock clash at Starfleet Academy, but, over the course of the film, Kirk focuses his \"passion and obstinance and the spectrum of emotions\" and becomes captain of the \"Enterprise\". The alternate timeline continues in the 2013 sequel \"Star Trek Into Darkness\", and the 2016 sequel \"Star Trek Beyond\", in which Pine reprises his role. Jeffrey Hunter played the commanding officer of the USS \"Enterprise\", Captain Christopher Pike, in the rejected \"Star Trek\" television pilot \"\". In developing a new pilot episode, called \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\", series creator Gene Roddenberry changed","title":"James T. Kirk"},{"psg_id":"13501682","text":"Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy is a text adventure game developed by Trans Fiction Systems and published by Simon & Schuster Software in 1986 during the 20th anniversary of the . The game was developed by Ron Martinez and Jim Gasperini who also worked on \"Hidden Agenda\". The player assumes the role of James T. Kirk captain of the U.S.S. Enterprise which has sustained heavy damage after being attacked by an unknown entity. A landing party headed by Kirk beams down to a nearby planet to find food for the ship's crew as the resources","title":"Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy"},{"psg_id":"11697750","text":"Star Trek/X-Men Star Trek/X-Men is a one-shot comic book crossover, written by Scott Lobdell and published in 1996. Produced by Marvel Comics as part of its short-lived Paramount Comics imprint, the book chronicles the first encounter between Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the \"Enterprise\" (during the five-year mission of ) and members of the X-Men, who traveled through a dimensional rift chasing the mutant Proteus. This was the first of the \"Star Trek\" comic books produced by Marvel for the Paramount Comics line, and it contains previews for several of the follow-up series. Returning to the planet","title":"Star Trek/X-Men"},{"psg_id":"7441222","text":"range and the attacker’s Dexterity. Players had the option of playing virtually any humanoid character introduced in the original Star Trek TV series or the animated series. They included: Humans, Vulcans, Tellarites, Andorians, Orions, Klingons, Romulans. Two other races introduced in the animated series - Caitians and Edoans - could also be played. Using the Basic Rules, the players used the pregenerated Bridge Crew to assume the roles of the Star Trek characters, including Captain Kirk, Mr Spock, Lieutenant Uhura and Yeoman Janice Rand from Paramount's and included M’res and Arex from Paramount's . About twenty pages of information charts","title":"Star Trek: Adventure Gaming in the Final Frontier"},{"psg_id":"9727555","text":"Star Trek: The Kobayashi Alternative Star Trek: The Kobayashi Alternative was a \"Star Trek\" themed computer software game, designed for the Apple II Plus, Apple IIe, and Apple IIc. The game was also available for the Commodore 64, Macintosh and IBM PC. This text adventure was first published in 1985 by Simon & Schuster. The player assumes the role of Captain James T. Kirk. As Kirk, the player commands the actions of the \"Enterprise\" crew, as well as the \"Enterprise\" itself. The game was expansive and ambitious, but also very buggy. The plot is based on the idea that Starfleet","title":"Star Trek: The Kobayashi Alternative"},{"psg_id":"7058279","text":"Captain Kirk in the original \"Star Trek\" episode, \"\", was the subject of an episode of the television series \"MythBusters\", in which the viability of Kirk's improvised bamboo cannon was put to the test. \"Star Trek\" has been the subject of a large number of parodies and tributes. Prominent among film parodies is \"Galaxy Quest\", as it parodied the original \"Star Trek\" series, elements of \"Star Trek: The Next Generation\", and the whole Trekkie phenomenon. On television, the animated series \"Futurama\" makes frequent references to \"Star Trek\" and parodies some of its better known plot elements on a regular basis,","title":"Cultural influence of Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"1661817","text":"simulator mode using the same interface. Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game) Star Trek: 25th Anniversary is an adventure video game developed and published by Interplay Productions, based on the Star Trek universe. The game chronicles various missions of James T. Kirk and his crew of the USS \"Enterprise\". Its 1993 sequel, \"\", continues and concludes this two-game series, which together may be seen as the final two years of the USS \"Enterprise\"s five-year mission. The player takes on the role of Captain James T. Kirk on board the USS \"Enterprise\", a Starfleet vessel as seen in the American science","title":"Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game)"},{"psg_id":"1661806","text":"Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game) Star Trek: 25th Anniversary is an adventure video game developed and published by Interplay Productions, based on the Star Trek universe. The game chronicles various missions of James T. Kirk and his crew of the USS \"Enterprise\". Its 1993 sequel, \"\", continues and concludes this two-game series, which together may be seen as the final two years of the USS \"Enterprise\"s five-year mission. The player takes on the role of Captain James T. Kirk on board the USS \"Enterprise\", a Starfleet vessel as seen in the American science fiction television series \"\". It is","title":"Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game)"},{"psg_id":"640333","text":"to Eden\". In \"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\", Spock, while he and Kirk were riding on a San Francisco city bus, used the nerve pinch to subdue a rude punk who had ignored Kirk's asking to turn off his boom box as his music was too loud, to the other passengers' relief. The technique was also used by Spock to subdue James Kirk in the 2009 film, when Kirk opposes Spock's decision as captain of the USS \"Enterprise\" to reunite with the remainder of Starfleet in the Lorentian system, instead of pursuing Nero immediately. Depictions of the effects of","title":"Vulcan (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"6382974","text":"making it the first \"Star Trek\" film to win an Academy Award. It was followed by two sequels, \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" (2013) and \"Star Trek Beyond\" (2016). In the 23rd century, the Federation starship USS \"Kelvin\" is investigating a \"lightning storm\" in space. A Romulan ship, \"Narada\", emerges from the storm and attacks \"Kelvin\". \"Narada\"s first officer, Ayel, demands that \"Kelvin\"s Captain Robau come aboard to negotiate a truce. Robau is questioned about the current stardate and an \"Ambassador Spock\", whom he does not recognize. \"Narada\"s commander, Nero, kills him, and resumes attacking \"Kelvin\". George Kirk, \"Kelvin\"s first officer,","title":"Star Trek (film)"},{"psg_id":"1659356","text":"read in a \"Star Trek\" fan magazine. The film's production acknowledged certain expectations from fans—Nimoy remarked that if Spock had not been resurrected and, instead, \"Captain Kirk turn[ed] to the camera and [said] 'Sorry, we didn't find him,' people would throw rocks at the screen.\" A major issue Bennett wrestled with was how to introduce the story for people who had not seen \"The Wrath of Khan\". Bennett said that his television producer mentality \"won out\"; he added a \"previously in \"Star Trek\" ...\" film device, and had Kirk narrate a captain's log, describing his feelings and sense of loss.","title":"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock"},{"psg_id":"581883","text":"from \"Space Seed\", Khan Noonien Singh. The movie introduces Kirk's son, David Marcus. Spock, who notes that \"commanding a starship is [Kirk's] first, best destiny\", dies at the end of \"Star Trek II\". In \"\", Admiral Kirk leads his surviving officers in a successful mission to rescue Spock from a planet on which he is reborn. Although Kirk is demoted to Captain in \"\" for disobeying Starfleet orders, he also receives command of a new \"Enterprise\", the USS \"Enterprise\"-A (NCC 1701-A). The ship is ordered decommissioned at the end of \"\". In \"Star Trek Generations\", Captain Jean-Luc Picard finds Kirk","title":"James T. Kirk"},{"psg_id":"20828491","text":"Star Trek vs Transformers Star Trek vs. Transformers is a five-issue comic book limited series published by IDW Publishing. It is a crossover between the \"Star Trek\" and Transformers franchises, using the characters and art styles from the 1973 cartoon \"\" and the 1984 cartoon \"Transformers\" The first issue was released in September 2018. Stardate 5892.7. receives a distress call from Cygnus Seven, a remote dilithium mine near the Klingon border. Unable to contact the planet, Captain Kirk leads Spock, Sulu and M'Ress to the surface, finding the colony under attack by 20th century Earth vehicles without pilots. They attempt","title":"Star Trek vs Transformers"},{"psg_id":"4409013","text":"Star Trek: Titan Star Trek: Titan is a series of Star Trek novels that take place after the events of the 2002 film \"Star Trek Nemesis\", detailing the adventures of the U.S.S. \"Titan\" under the command of Starfleet Captain William T. Riker, who previously served for fifteen years as First Officer under Captain Jean-Luc Picard aboard the \"Enterprise\"-D and \"Enterprise\"-E on the TV show \"\" and the four feature films adapted from that series. In the beginning of the 2002 feature film \"Star Trek Nemesis\", Commander William Riker, who has served as First Officer under Captain Jean-Luc Picard for fifteen","title":"Star Trek: Titan"},{"psg_id":"15387067","text":"the one he said was \"simply a conglomeration of old cliches from previous \"Star Trek\" episodes\" was the only one they liked, and approved. He has said that it was designed to make the other two look good, and wasn't designed to be the one they picked. The Rift (Star Trek) The Rift is a best-selling novel written by Peter David. It was published in 1991. Official summary: The story begins with Captain Pike, seen in the original pilot episode for \"\". It then features Captain Kirk and his crew from the future. Mr. Spock learns his favorite word, \"fascinating\",","title":"The Rift (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"11892905","text":"of Kirk, Spock, and McCoy was modeled on classical mythological storytelling. \"Star Trek\" and its spin-offs have proven highly popular in syndication and are shown on TV stations worldwide. The show's cultural impact goes far beyond its longevity and profitability. \"Star Trek\" conventions have become popular among its fans, who call themselves \"trekkies\" or \"trekkers\". An entire subculture has grown up around the show which was documented in the film \"Trekkies\". \"Star Trek\" was the highest-ranked cult show by \"TV Guide\". The franchise has also garnered many comparisons of the \"Star Wars\" franchise being rivals in the science fiction genre","title":"Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"5823819","text":"new book. In preparation for writing a Captain John Harriman story, he read Peter David's \"The Captain's Daughter\", and chose to keep his new work in line with that, creating a background for the character as well in order to explain why he seemed so less capable than Kirk in \"Star Trek Generations\". Ilsa J. Bick's first \"Star Trek\" writing assignment was for \"The Lost Era\" miniseries. She created a number of pitches and sent them to Palmieri, who told her to combine several. She then wrote a 50-page single-spaced outline of the novel, which Palmieri passed to Keith DeCandido,","title":"Star Trek: The Lost Era"},{"psg_id":"2406778","text":"of the eventual series, but there were numerous differences. The Captain of the starship USS \"Enterprise\" was not James T. Kirk, but Christopher Pike. Spock was present, but not as First Officer. That role was taken by a character known only as Number One, played by Majel Barrett. Spock's character differs somewhat from that seen in the rest of \"Star Trek\"; he displays a youthful eagerness that contrasts with the later more reserved and logical Spock. He also delivers the first line in all of \"Star Trek\": \"Check the circuit!\" followed by, \"Can't be the screen then.\" The weaponry used","title":"The Cage (Star Trek: The Original Series)"},{"psg_id":"8472427","text":"Trek: The Next Generation\" manga in April 2009, which featured writers who had worked on \"The Original Series\" volumes including Duane and Gerrold. Writing for IGN, A.E. Sparrow said that \"Star Trek: The Manga\" made him reminisce about Sunday morning re-runs of the original series. Of the art, he thought that on occasion it was difficult to tell Dr. McCoy apart from other characters and also each story had a different style of drawing Captain Kirk and he was pleased to see the return of Nurse Chapel in the story \"Til Death\". John Tenuto, in his review of the third","title":"Star Trek: The Manga"},{"psg_id":"13431255","text":"lucky again.\" Michelle Erica Green of TrekNation reviewed \"Cloak\" as \"superbly written, highly readable and a lot of fun.\" Cloak (Star Trek) Cloak is a \"\" novel written by S. D. Perry. It is part of the \"\" miniseries. Captain James T. Kirk of the USS \"Enterprise\" learns the cloaking device he stole from the Romulan Star Empire months ago is being used for sinister purposes. He also learns about Section 31, a group of Starfleet officers who answer to no one and are willing to kill anyone to protect their secrets. In \"Voyages of Imagination\", Perry comments: \"Marco was","title":"Cloak (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"13431254","text":"Cloak (Star Trek) Cloak is a \"\" novel written by S. D. Perry. It is part of the \"\" miniseries. Captain James T. Kirk of the USS \"Enterprise\" learns the cloaking device he stole from the Romulan Star Empire months ago is being used for sinister purposes. He also learns about Section 31, a group of Starfleet officers who answer to no one and are willing to kill anyone to protect their secrets. In \"Voyages of Imagination\", Perry comments: \"Marco was talking to me about one of his pet projects and I pretty much begged for the . I was","title":"Cloak (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"6664798","text":"shaved her head to be less appealing.) Decker has sex with the Ilia probe in an attempt to join minds and connect with this alien intruder. Throughout the novel, a phonetic spelling for \"V'Ger\" as Vejur is consistently used by Roddenberry, which starts when the \"Ilia-Probe\" is asked by Captain Kirk about the origin of \"her\" programming. Star Trek: The Motion Picture (novel) Star Trek: The Motion Picture. A Novel is a 1979 novelization of the film \"\", which was released in the same year. It is especially notable for being the only \"Star Trek\" novel to be written by","title":"Star Trek: The Motion Picture (novel)"},{"psg_id":"971994","text":"what future-Kirk and future-Spock say, causing him to be injured by the delta rays and subsequently transition to a life in the wheelchair and its light communication device. Christopher Pike (Star Trek) Christopher Pike is a character in the \"Star Trek\" science fiction franchise. He was portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter in the original \"\" pilot episode, \"\", as captain of the . The pilot was rejected, and the character was dropped during development of the second pilot when Hunter decided that he did not want to continue with the series. Sean Kenney portrayed the physically disabled Christopher Pike in new","title":"Christopher Pike (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"18200926","text":"Star Trek: Khan Star Trek: Khan is a five-issue comic book prequel and sequel to the 2013 film \"Star Trek Into Darkness\" by IDW Publishing. It follows Khan Noonien Singh, explaining his past and how he came to have a change in facial appearance and serve Admiral Alexander Marcus. Starts with the trial of Khan Noonien Singn on stardate 2259.246 (September 3, 2259). Khan is brought forward, where he states that he rejects the court's authority. But Kirk note that the defendant calling himself Khan, looks nothing like the records of Khan Noonien Singn and ask him who him really","title":"Star Trek: Khan"},{"psg_id":"6382990","text":"Abrams said that he had never seen \"Star Trek: Nemesis\" because he felt the franchise had \"disconnected\" from the original series. For him, he said, \"Star Trek\" was about Kirk and Spock, and the other series were like \"separate space adventure[s] with the name \"Star Trek\"\". He also acknowledged that as a child he had actually preferred the \"Star Wars\" movies. He noted that his general knowledge of \"Star Trek\" made him well suited to introduce the franchise to newcomers, and that, being an optimistic person, he would make \"Star Trek\" an optimistic film, which would be a refreshing contrast","title":"Star Trek (film)"},{"psg_id":"19053320","text":"Divided We Stand (Star Trek Continues) \"Divided We Stand\" is a fan-produced \"Star Trek\" episode released in 2015, the fifth in the web series \"Star Trek Continues\", which aims to continue the episodes of \"\" replicating their visual and storytelling style The episode is dedicated to Grace Lee Whitney, who had died earlier in the year. During an attempt to free the ship's computer from a nano-virus, an explosion puts Kirk and McCoy in a coma that leaves them awake in a turbulent moment in time - the American Civil War, with Kirk in a Union uniform and McCoy in","title":"Divided We Stand (Star Trek Continues)"},{"psg_id":"1661355","text":"he complained of the difficulty of a stealth based level. Star Trek: Bridge Commander Star Trek: Bridge Commander is a space combat simulation video game, published by Activision and Totally Games in 2002, based in the Star Trek universe. The plot revolves around a newly promoted captain who is assigned to investigate an explosion of a star in the Maelstrom. Throughout the mystery, the player will encounter characters from the \"Star Trek\" universe, including Captain Picard and Commander Data. The captain and their crew take command of the \"Galaxy\"-class USS \"Dauntless\" (NCC-71879) as well as the USS \"Sovereign\" (NCC-73811) to","title":"Star Trek: Bridge Commander"},{"psg_id":"1661344","text":"Star Trek: Bridge Commander Star Trek: Bridge Commander is a space combat simulation video game, published by Activision and Totally Games in 2002, based in the Star Trek universe. The plot revolves around a newly promoted captain who is assigned to investigate an explosion of a star in the Maelstrom. Throughout the mystery, the player will encounter characters from the \"Star Trek\" universe, including Captain Picard and Commander Data. The captain and their crew take command of the \"Galaxy\"-class USS \"Dauntless\" (NCC-71879) as well as the USS \"Sovereign\" (NCC-73811) to combat a new threat to the United Federation of Planets.","title":"Star Trek: Bridge Commander"},{"psg_id":"8861792","text":"Takei (Hikaru Sulu) was not available, this led to the idea of including Ruck's character as captain. Three actors from \"\", James Cawley, Jeff Quinn and Bobby Quinn Rice (Kirk, Spock and Peter Kirk), also featured. In 2305, a mysterious man (William Wellman, Jr.) appears at a run-down outpost demanding the location of Captain James T. Kirk, only to find from the terrified data clerk (Ethan Phillips) that he was presumed dead saving the \"Enterprise-B\" twelve years earlier (at the opening of \"Star Trek Generations\"). Angrily declaring he \"didn't wait forty years to be cheated\", the man overloads the outpost's","title":"Star Trek: Of Gods and Men"},{"psg_id":"11892890","text":"that critics and audiences praised but Roddenberry forbade in the original series and \"The Next Generation\". Nevertheless, he was informed before his death of \"DS9\", making this the last \"Star Trek\" series connected to Gene Roddenberry. \"Star Trek: Voyager\" ran for seven seasons, airing from January 16, 1995, to May 23, 2001, launching a new Paramount-owned television network, UPN. It features Kate Mulgrew as Captain Kathryn Janeway, the first female commanding officer in a leading role of a \"Star Trek\" series, and Commander Chakotay, played by Robert Beltran. \"Voyager\" takes place at about the same time period as \"Deep Space","title":"Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"373394","text":"whether he was the person who played Neelix or not, as he did not appear in the credits; \"It was just kind of a goofy thing to do.\" During production there were incorrect rumors that Avery Brooks would reprise his role as \"\" captain Benjamin Sisko. As with many \"Star Trek\" productions, new, disposable redshirt characters are killed off over the course of the plot. In February 1995, two months after the release of \"Star Trek Generations\", Paramount decided to produce another \"Star Trek\" feature for a winter holiday 1996 release. Paramount wanted writers Brannon Braga and Ronald D. Moore,","title":"Star Trek: First Contact"},{"psg_id":"6630455","text":"the grandfather of the character he plays on the later television series. It is the second and last \"Star Trek\" film directed by Nicholas Meyer and last screenplay co-authored by Leonard Nimoy. Picard enlists the help of Kirk, who is presumed long dead but flourishes in an extradimensional realm, to prevent a renegade scientist (Malcolm McDowell) from destroying a star and its populated planetary system in an attempt to enter that realm. This film also included original crew members Scotty (James Doohan) and Chekov (Walter Koenig). Following seven seasons of \"Star Trek: The Next Generation\", the next \"Star Trek\" film","title":"Star Trek (film series)"},{"psg_id":"19222808","text":"Star Trek Timelines Star Trek Timelines is a strategy role playing video game developed by Disruptor Beam for iPad and Android platform. The player is the captain of a ship and can form their ship's crew from characters from any era of \"Star Trek\", while steering the fate of the galaxy through diplomacy, science and force of arms. Set after the events of \"Star Trek Nemesis\" and \"Star Trek: Voyager's\" series finale, \"Star Trek Timelines\" begins as the player captains their first starship command to investigate an unknown temporal anomaly. Upon arriving at the anomaly, the player meets Q, who","title":"Star Trek Timelines"},{"psg_id":"358721","text":"support belt later appeared in an early \"Star Trek: The Next Generation\" novel, \"The Peacekeepers\", where they were referred to as \"field-effect suits\". The episode \"The Lorelei Signal\" provides a rare instance in early \"Star Trek\" in which a female took temporary command of a starship. Due to the male crew members being incapacitated, Uhura assumes command of the \"Enterprise\" from Scotty. Other instances occurred on the first and last adventures filmed in the original series: \"The Lorelei Signal\" and \"The Infinite Vulcan\", the latter written by Walter Koenig, are rare occurrences where Captain Kirk comes close to actually saying,","title":"Star Trek: The Animated Series"},{"psg_id":"7411822","text":"of the most well-known non-Federation ships is the \"Bird of Prey\", which was crewed by Captain Kirk and his crew in the 1986 film \"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\". This also provides an example of the creative alien spaceship design, as the film featured an extremely large black cylinder for the \"whale probe\", unlike the typical \"warp drive\" ships like the \"Enterprise\". The \"Star Trek\" universe also included a large number of shuttlecraft, which although small compared to the large vessels was typical place for dialogue between 2–3 characters in a large number of episodes of these shows. The","title":"Lists of Star Trek spacecraft"},{"psg_id":"18505010","text":"in honor of the series, Paramount Pictures soon sought to create a movie based on the series. By March 1972, series creator Gene Roddenberry said there was interest in a \"Star Trek\" feature film, and that the series could return to television on NBC. The five-year mission of \"Star Trek\" has finished and the crew has moved on from their postings on the starship \"Enterprise\". Captain James T. Kirk has been promoted to Admiral, Doctor Leonard McCoy has left Starfleet to become a veterinarian, and other crew members have been given desk jobs. Engineer Montgomery Scott has become an alcoholic","title":"Star Trek: The God Thing"},{"psg_id":"13501684","text":"that he was avenging his brother whom Kirk had defeated in a prior engagement. Damage reports show that the ship's protein stock used for food synthesis has been contaminated by leaking phaser coolant. The captain and a landing crew beam down to Prometheus Four, a class M planet with a concentration of life which appears to be peaceful. Scorpia of \"Computer Gaming World\" stated that \"Promethean\" was \"light years better than\" predecessor \"\" \"in both design and execution\", and without its bugs. It concluded \"Bottom line: Highly recommended!\" Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy is a","title":"Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy"},{"psg_id":"5204993","text":"issue. Actor Jonathan Frakes, who played Riker, also commented that the episode was not daring enough, in that Soren, who was played by Melinda Culea, should have been more evidently male. In a 2008 interview, \"Trek\" writer Ronald D. Moore responded to a question of why there were few gay characters in science fiction in general and none on \"Star Trek\": We've just failed at it. It's not been something we've successfully done. At \"Star Trek\" we used to have all these stock answers for why we didn't do it. The truth is it was not really a priority for","title":"Sexuality in Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"7058276","text":"salute in tribute to \"Trek\". In an earlier episode of \"\", O'Neill travels back in time to the 1960s and during an interrogation by an Air Force officer he refers to himself as \"James T. Kirk, captain of the federation starship Enterprise\". Another \"Trek\" reference is made when a character questions whether or not another team member can be \"beamed up\". The response is \"What am I, Scotty\"? Later on the series, advanced alien technology allows team members to \"beam\" up and down in manner similar to that seen on \"Star Trek\". In the Cold War submarine film \"Crimson Tide\"","title":"Cultural influence of Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"4001778","text":"intelligent, points out to Kirk that, since the creature cannot be harmed with conventional weapons, the captain has nothing to regret about his earlier encounter. Realizing that neither he nor Garrovick could have harmed the creature, Kirk orders the ensign to return to duty. The creature finally leaves the ship. Believing it to be heading to the Tycho system to spawn, Kirk and Garrovick beam down to the fourth planet with an antigrav case holding an antimatter bomb. With the creature about to envelop them, Kirk and Garrovick beam away and the bomb explodes, annihilating the entity. Obsession (Star Trek:","title":"Obsession (Star Trek: The Original Series)"},{"psg_id":"5205011","text":"ends with Stamets and his partner Dr. (Wilson Cruz) brushing their teeth and talking about the emotional effects of Stamets' choice on Culber, creating a moment in which their relationship is made known to viewers. This marks the first occasion on which a Star Trek television series acknowledges and confirms a same-sex relationship. Instructions for authors that had previously wished to write officially licensed \"Star Trek\" spin-off books stated that there was to be no suggestion of a relationship \"other than friendship\" between crew members, but this restriction no longer applies. In a seeming response to reams of Kirk/Spock fan","title":"Sexuality in Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"581908","text":"of Them All\" was released in June 2014 and won a Burbank International Film Festival award for \"Best New Media – Drama\". \"Star Trek Continues\" also won a Geekie Award for \"Best Web Series\". On June 19, 2015, Episode 4 of the series was posted and titled \"White Iris\". All eleven full episodes have been released as of December, 2017. James T. Kirk James Tiberius \"Jim\" Kirk is a fictional character in the \"Star Trek\" franchise. Kirk first appears in \"\" and has been portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes, and video games. As the captain of the starship","title":"James T. Kirk"},{"psg_id":"11892895","text":"beginning with \"The Next Generation\" in 1987. \"Star Trek: Discovery\" is a direct prequel to \"\", set roughly ten years beforehand. It premiered September 24, 2017 in the United States and Canada on CBS before moving to CBS All Access, while Netflix streams the show outside the United States and is also providing most of the show's funding. The show centers on the voyages of the \"Discovery\", commanded by Captain Gabriel Lorca (played by Jason Isaacs), and Lieutenant Commander Michael Burnham (played by Sonequa Martin-Green), with Burnham being the lead character of the series. This marks the first \"Star Trek\"","title":"Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"19772250","text":"Star Trek: Bridge Crew Star Trek: Bridge Crew is a virtual reality action-adventure video game developed by Red Storm Entertainment and published by Ubisoft for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4. \"Star Trek: Bridge Crew\" takes place in the alternate reality established in the 2009 \"Star Trek\" film and sees the Starfleet ship USS \"Aegis\" searching for a new homeworld for the Vulcans after the destruction of their planet. The ship heads for a region of space called 'The Trench', which is being occupied by Klingons. The game is played through four roles: captain, tactical officer, engineer and helm officer. The","title":"Star Trek: Bridge Crew"},{"psg_id":"16074493","text":"Effects. It was followed by \"Star Trek Beyond\" in 2016. In 2259, Captain James T. Kirk is removed from command of the starship USS \"Enterprise\" for violating the Prime Directive after exposing the ship to the primitive inhabitants of the planet Nibiru in order to save them, and Spock, from a cataclysmic volcanic eruption. Admiral Christopher Pike is reinstated as commanding officer with Kirk demoted to the rank of Commander and first officer. Commander Spock is transferred to another ship. Shortly after, the Section 31 installation in London is bombed by renegade Starfleet operative John Harrison. Harrison attacks Starfleet Headquarters","title":"Star Trek Into Darkness"},{"psg_id":"12263306","text":"Killing Time (Star Trek novel) Killing Time is a \"\" novel written by Della Van Hise and published by Pocket Books in 1985. The original manuscript had Kirk/Spock slash fiction elements, and these were requested to be removed by Paramount. However, they were not removed, and 250,000 copies were printed. These romantic undertones between Spock and James T. Kirk were brought to the attention of the office of the creator of \"Star Trek\", Gene Roddenberry, who made Pocket Books recall the first edition. This edition subsequently became a collector's item, with more than fifty changes made to a revised version.","title":"Killing Time (Star Trek novel)"},{"psg_id":"7521895","text":"establishment of this odd new starbase and there is. Harbinger (Star Trek novel) Harbinger is the first novel in the \"\" series concerning the Starbase 47, otherwise known as \"Vanguard\". The U.S.S. \"Enterprise\" is damaged after traveling to the edge of the galaxy. They are passing through the Taurus Reach and are surprised to find a new Federation facility, Starbase 47 a.k.a. Vanguard. Captain James T. Kirk is puzzled at this place for many reasons, including it being so near the xenophobic Tholian Assembly. Kirk has his ship dock for repairs. The Tholian Assembly, the Orion Syndicate, and the Klingon","title":"Harbinger (Star Trek novel)"},{"psg_id":"7521894","text":"Harbinger (Star Trek novel) Harbinger is the first novel in the \"\" series concerning the Starbase 47, otherwise known as \"Vanguard\". The U.S.S. \"Enterprise\" is damaged after traveling to the edge of the galaxy. They are passing through the Taurus Reach and are surprised to find a new Federation facility, Starbase 47 a.k.a. Vanguard. Captain James T. Kirk is puzzled at this place for many reasons, including it being so near the xenophobic Tholian Assembly. Kirk has his ship dock for repairs. The Tholian Assembly, the Orion Syndicate, and the Klingon Empire all believe there is much more to the","title":"Harbinger (Star Trek novel)"},{"psg_id":"16513205","text":"Star Trek: Secret of Vulcan Fury Star Trek: Secret of Vulcan Fury is a cancelled action-adventure game, in development by Interplay Entertainment from 1997 until its cancellation in 1999. Based on the \"\" license, the game would have followed Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the USS \"Enterprise\" through a series of adventures regarding the Vulcan and Romulan races. \"Secret of Vulcan Fury\" was to have been the latest in a series of games produced by Interplay based on the license. It would have featured a control method similar to those seen in LucasArts games of that period,","title":"Star Trek: Secret of Vulcan Fury"},{"psg_id":"16082410","text":"mission sees Kirk and Spock land on the planet New Vulcan; a colony created by Vulcans following the destruction of their homeworld in the 2009 film. There are further types of gameplay in \"Star Trek\" seen in the mini-games that appear throughout, such as those featuring \"space dives\" as seen in both 2009's \"Star Trek\" and 2013's \"Star Trek Into Darkness\". Other elements of the game break from the third-person shooter style. These include swimming levels that have Spock and Kirk move past obstacles using a teleportation gun, and levels featuring turret-based shooting on board \"Enterprise\". Climbing and platforming are","title":"Star Trek (2013 video game)"},{"psg_id":"11892917","text":"Trek: The Helena Chronicles\". Several standalone fan films have been created including \"\". Future fan films include \"\". Audio only fan productions includes \"Star Trek: The Continuing Mission\". Several fan film parodies have also been created. The original \"Star Trek\" series is also notable for giving rise to slash fiction, a genre of fan-produced in-universe fiction where normally non-romantic same-sex characters are portrayed as being a romantic couple, notably \"Kirk/Spock\" stories. These began appearing in the early 1970s, generally written by female fans of the show. Over the intervening decades, especially with the advent of the internet, slash fanfiction has","title":"Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"5180763","text":"Worf in , John Schuck who played a Klingon Ambassador in two \"Star Trek\" films, and Eric Pierpoint who had appeared in several other episodes of \"Star Trek\" previously. Some of the standing sets were redressed to appear as the interior of the \"Columbia\", and some scenes were filmed outside at the Paramount Studios lot in Los Angeles, California. \"Enterprise\" returns to Earth in time for the launch of the second NX class starship, \"Columbia\", and Commander Tucker prepares for his transfer. Meanwhile, Ensign Sato and Doctor Phlox are attacked in San Francisco, and Phlox is kidnapped. Captain Archer and","title":"Affliction (Star Trek: Enterprise)"},{"psg_id":"18505021","text":"in Sha-Ka-Ree. However, this scene was simplified for the film due to budget constraints. Star Trek: The God Thing Star Trek: The God Thing is an unproduced film script written by \"\" series creator Gene Roddenberry. Following the success of \"Star Trek\" in broadcast syndication during the early 1970s, Paramount Pictures sought to produce a feature film based on the property. The film's plot follows the \"Enterprise\" crew after the events of \"The Original Series\": when an alien entity declares itself God and begins travel to Earth, Admiral James T. Kirk reunites the crew, who send it back to its","title":"Star Trek: The God Thing"},{"psg_id":"18505007","text":"Star Trek: The God Thing Star Trek: The God Thing is an unproduced film script written by \"\" series creator Gene Roddenberry. Following the success of \"Star Trek\" in broadcast syndication during the early 1970s, Paramount Pictures sought to produce a feature film based on the property. The film's plot follows the \"Enterprise\" crew after the events of \"The Original Series\": when an alien entity declares itself God and begins travel to Earth, Admiral James T. Kirk reunites the crew, who send it back to its own dimension. Roddenberry completed the story on June 30, 1976, but Paramount rejected the","title":"Star Trek: The God Thing"},{"psg_id":"7931353","text":"in the mirror universe timeline. Additionally, James T. Kirk is nowhere to be seen. The game received \"generally unfavorable reviews\" on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Star Trek: Shattered Universe Star Trek: Shattered Universe is a space simulator video game by American studio Starsphere Interactive set in the \"Star Trek\" Mirror Universe, as portrayed in the original series episode \"\". Originally intended to be one of the last Star Trek titles released by Interplay Entertainment, it sat for 2 years before being completed by TDK Mediactive; it was released for the Xbox and PlayStation 2. The","title":"Star Trek: Shattered Universe"},{"psg_id":"7441227","text":"author’s influences were stated up-front: Paramount's , , and Franz Joseph's Star Fleet Technical Manual. was over a year away from release at the time Crabaugh finished his article, and he stated that he did not use simply because there was a lot more useful gaming material available in the TV episodes and their novelizations. “Kirk on Karit 2: A STAR TREK Scenario Report” was developed by Emmet F. Milestone for use at DunDraCon IV. The intended players were a mix of “old dungeon-mates” and some non-gamer Trekkies who were interested in finding out about role-playing. Emmet F. Milestone played","title":"Star Trek: Adventure Gaming in the Final Frontier"},{"psg_id":"7058274","text":"oriented futuristic television series outside of the \"Star Trek\" franchise. Some television series feature major or supporting characters whose love of \"Star Trek\" affects the storyline of the series. \"The Replacement\", a Season 5 episode of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", features two versions of the character Xander, a \"Star Trek\" fan, which is a simultaneous tribute to the \"Star Trek\" episode \"\", in which there are two Captain Kirks. In crossover casting, two other television series have cast actors from \"Star Trek\" in series in which other characters are \"Star Trek\" fans who frequently refer to \"Trek\" moments or cite","title":"Cultural influence of Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"3951908","text":"\"Father Knows Best\", where she played Jane Wyatt's eldest daughter. On the next broadcast \"Star Trek\" episode, Jane Wyatt guested, playing Spock's mother Amanda. Cochrane reappears as the focal character of the movie \"\" (1996), in which he is played by James Cromwell. This episode was the first time in the original series that Kirk does not appear on board the \"Enterprise\" at any point. Metamorphosis (Star Trek: The Original Series) \"Metamorphosis\" is the ninth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\". Written by Gene L. Coon and directed by Ralph Senensky, it was first broadcast","title":"Metamorphosis (Star Trek: The Original Series)"},{"psg_id":"2498075","text":"auditioned for the Scotty role in the 2009 \"Star Trek\" reboot and received James Doohan's son Chris' endorsement. However, Simon Pegg's casting was announced on October 11, 2007. Pegg's portrayal in the 2009 \"Star Trek\" reboot has Scotty stuck working at an isolated outpost as punishment for beaming Admiral Jonathan Archer's prized beagle from one planet to the next — and having no idea where it ended up. With assistance from Spock Prime and James Kirk, he joins the \"Enterprise\" crew and becomes the ship's chief engineer. Slate.com called Pegg's performance of Scotty in the 2009 \"Star Trek\" reboot \"juicily","title":"Scotty (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"18251473","text":"villain since \"First Contact\"s Borg Queen.\" Despite its international success, \"Star Trek Beyond\" was met by critics who were less taken with the film. Kyle Smith of the \"New York Post\" gave the film 1½ stars out of 4 and he commented that the filmmakers \"should have called it \"Star Trek Into Drowsiness.\"\" Smith later added, \"\"Beyond\" is tepid when it’s trying to be emotional, moronic when it’s trying to be thrilling and unfunny when it’s trying to be non-unfunny. It lacks a storytelling module: Things just click into place when needed, as when Kirk commands Scotty to rev up","title":"Star Trek Beyond"},{"psg_id":"8826770","text":"make appearances. Several actors from \"Here Come the Brides\" had also appeared on \"Star Trek\". Mark Lenard played Aaron Stemple, whom the novel implies was Spock's ancestor. Lenard also played the role of Sarek, Spock's father, in the original \"Star Trek\" TV series, as well as a Romulan commander in the episode \"Balance of Terror\" (the first time the Romulans are seen in the series). The actor playing Jason Bolt (the eldest brother) was Robert Brown who played \"Lazarus\" in the \"Star Trek\" episode \"The Alternative Factor.\" The actor playing Joshua Bolt (a younger brother) was David Soul who played","title":"Ishmael (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"3894441","text":"Court Martial (Star Trek: The Original Series) \"Court Martial\" is the twentieth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \".\" It was written by Don M. Mankiewicz and Steven W. Carabatsos, directed by Marc Daniels, and first aired on February 2, 1967. In the episode, Captain Kirk stands trial on charges of negligence after a crewman fakes his own death. The USS \"Enterprise\" has put in at Starbase 11 for repairs after an ion storm. During this storm, Captain James T. Kirk was forced to eject a research pod containing Lieutenant Commander Benjamin Finney to prevent the","title":"Court Martial (Star Trek: The Original Series)"},{"psg_id":"6921228","text":"\"Unless you already have an emotional attachment to the \"Star Trek\" universe, and feel a cheeky little frisson down there at the prospect of pretending to be Kirk, there's no reason at all to put up with the unresponsive controls, shallow gameplay and absolutely infuriating inability to save during an hour-long mission. With the game's appeal thus reduced to those faithful fans still willing to suffer in the name of brand loyalty, it remains an impossible game to recommend without serious caveats.\" Star Trek: Legacy Star Trek: Legacy is a real-time tactics space combat video game for Microsoft Windows and","title":"Star Trek: Legacy"},{"psg_id":"358718","text":"the BBC in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s, were edited to run the teaser after the credits. The series' writing benefited from a Writers Guild of America, East strike in 1973, which did not apply to animation. A few episodes are especially notable due to contributions from well-known science fiction authors: In the original \"Star Trek\" series, the title character was given the name James T. Kirk. It was not until the animated series that writer David Gerrold replaced the \"T\", giving us Captain James Tiberius Kirk. It was purely coincidental that he chose \"Tiberius\" (on Gene","title":"Star Trek: The Animated Series"},{"psg_id":"561747","text":"standard equipment in survival gear and in emergency weapons caches aboard starships. Captain Kathryn Janeway uses one in the \"Star Trek: Voyager\" episode \"\". In the real world, the KA-BAR is an official combat knife of the United States Marine Corps. A katana is a Federation sword of Japanese origin. The only major difference compared to the old sword of today is that the \"Star Trek\" version is foldable, thus occupying a minimum space when carried and stored. In the 2009 \"Star Trek\" reboot, Lieutenant Hikaru Sulu produces a folding katana with which to cut the lines of his parachute,","title":"Weapons in Star Trek"},{"psg_id":"15387066","text":"The Rift (Star Trek) The Rift is a best-selling novel written by Peter David. It was published in 1991. Official summary: The story begins with Captain Pike, seen in the original pilot episode for \"\". It then features Captain Kirk and his crew from the future. Mr. Spock learns his favorite word, \"fascinating\", from the female first officer known only as Number One, deciding it wasn't too emotional and would be a good word to remember for the future. David submitted three novel outlines to Paramount, written in three different styles. The two he thought were good were rejected, and","title":"The Rift (Star Trek)"},{"psg_id":"373477","text":"film in the \"Star Trek\" series, and is often credited with renewing substantial interest in the franchise. In the year 2285, Admiral James T. Kirk oversees a simulator session of Captain Spock's trainees. In the simulation, Lieutenant Saavik commands the starship on a rescue mission to save the crew of the damaged ship \"Kobayashi Maru\". When the \"Enterprise\" enters the Klingon Neutral Zone to reach the ship, it is attacked by Klingon cruisers and critically damaged. The simulation is a no-win scenario designed to test the character of Starfleet officers. Later, Dr. McCoy joins Kirk on his birthday; seeing Kirk","title":"Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan"},{"psg_id":"19053321","text":"a Confederate uniform - the Battle of Antietam. Divided We Stand (Star Trek Continues) \"Divided We Stand\" is a fan-produced \"Star Trek\" episode released in 2015, the fifth in the web series \"Star Trek Continues\", which aims to continue the episodes of \"\" replicating their visual and storytelling style The episode is dedicated to Grace Lee Whitney, who had died earlier in the year. During an attempt to free the ship's computer from a nano-virus, an explosion puts Kirk and McCoy in a coma that leaves them awake in a turbulent moment in time - the American Civil War, with","title":"Divided We Stand (Star Trek Continues)"},{"psg_id":"5204995","text":"2002, Kate Mulgrew (who played Captain Janeway) gave an interview to \"Metrosource\" where she spoke candidly about the issue of LGBT characters in the \"Star Trek\" television universe: Because of its both political and potentially incendiary substance. I'm in a minority as well, as a woman. It took a lot of courage on their part to hire a woman. I think that right up until the end they were very dubious about it. It's one thing to cast a subordinate black, Asian, or woman, but to put them in a leading role means the solid endorsement of one of the","title":"Sexuality in Star Trek"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16429291\",\n \"text\": \"first number one single on the chart, which had just been established. Following the success of \\\"Where's Captain Kirk?\\\", which refers to captain James T. Kirk of the \\\"Star Trek\\\" fictional universe, two further \\\"Star Trek\\\" related songs were released by the band. \\\"Spock's Missing\\\" followed six months later and \\\"Five Year Mission (Featuring the Return of Spock)\\\" was released on a later album. A Portuguese single released in 1981 had \\\"Where's Captain Kirk?\\\" on the a-side and \\\"Spock's Missing\\\" on the b-side. The single was later re-released by Spizz as a solo record in 1987. Both versions of the\",\n \"title\": \"Where's Captain Kirk?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5205012\",\n \"text\": \"fiction which began to dominate fan publications in the mid- to late 1970s, references to bisexuality occurred in Gene Roddenberry's 1979 novelization of \\\"\\\". In a foreword written by James Kirk, the Captain cleverly avoids confirmation or denial of a romantic relationship with Spock. In 1972, \\\"Grup\\\", the first sexually themed \\\"Star Trek\\\" zine was published, to controversy in the fandom. In 1974 the first \\\"publicly published\\\" \\\"Star Trek\\\" slash fiction was presented in \\\"Grup #3\\\". Kirk/Spock fan fiction was the first prominent slash pairing. In 2000, a group of \\\"Star Trek\\\" fans created their own low budget \\\"Star Trek\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Sexuality in Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3272837\",\n \"text\": \"Number One (Star Trek) Number One is a fictional character who, in \\\"\\\", the original pilot episode of the science-fiction television series \\\"\\\", was the unnamed intellectual, problem-solving second-in-command serving under Captain Christopher Pike. She performs the same role for Pike \\\"as Spock later does for Kirk\\\". The character was played by Majel Barrett, who went on to play Nurse Christine Chapel in the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" and Lwaxana Troi in \\\"\\\" and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, as well as the computer's voice. Initially the character appeared only in the unaired pilot and in the footage used in \\\"\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Number One (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3272843\",\n \"text\": \"making \\\"Number One\\\" her informal name. Number One (Star Trek) Number One is a fictional character who, in \\\"\\\", the original pilot episode of the science-fiction television series \\\"\\\", was the unnamed intellectual, problem-solving second-in-command serving under Captain Christopher Pike. She performs the same role for Pike \\\"as Spock later does for Kirk\\\". The character was played by Majel Barrett, who went on to play Nurse Christine Chapel in the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" and Lwaxana Troi in \\\"\\\" and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, as well as the computer's voice. Initially the character appeared only in the unaired pilot and\",\n \"title\": \"Number One (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"561547\",\n \"text\": \"engineer Montgomery Scott during the original series. The phrase was never uttered by anyone in the original series, although the lines \\\"Scotty, beam us up\\\" and \\\"Beam me up\\\" were spoken by Captain Kirk in that series. \\\"Scotty, beam me up\\\" was spoken by Admiral Kirk in \\\"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\\\". On the special edition DVD of \\\"Star Trek IV\\\", the text commentary provided by Michael and Denise Okuda (co-authors of \\\"The Star Trek Encyclopedia\\\" and \\\"The Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future\\\") indicates that this was the closest anyone came to using that catchphrase in\",\n \"title\": \"Transporter (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16082405\",\n \"text\": \"Trek\\\" films to avoid the typical pitfalls associated with film tie-in video games. Video games which influenced \\\"Star Trek\\\" included the \\\"Mass Effect\\\" series, \\\"Uncharted\\\" and \\\"Metroid Prime\\\", and certain elements of \\\"Star Trek\\\" reflected episodes of \\\"\\\" such as \\\"\\\" and \\\"Amok Time\\\". The game is set in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" Kelvin universe, between the events of the films \\\"Star Trek\\\" and \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\", and follows the adventures of Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the Starfleet starship USS \\\"Enterprise\\\". The player takes control of either Kirk or first officer Spock, and investigates the theft\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (2013 video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"358482\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek Generations Star Trek Generations is a 1994 American science fiction film directed by David Carson and based on the franchise of the same name created by Gene Roddenberry. It is the seventh film in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" film series, as well as the first to star the cast of the series \\\"\\\". In the film, Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\"-D joins forces with Captain James T. Kirk, to stop a villain from destroying a planet. Parts of the film were shot at the Valley of Fire State Park near Overton, Nevada, Paramount Studios, and Lone Pine,\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek Generations\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7058285\",\n \"text\": \"of Captain James T. Kirk. Gene Roddenberry, the creator of \\\"Star Trek\\\", asserts in the book \\\"The Making of Star Trek\\\" by Stephen Whitfield, that the character of Kirk had been born in the state of Iowa. In March 1985, when the town was looking for a theme for its annual town festival, Steve Miller, a member of the Riverside City Council who had read Roddenberry's book, suggested to the council that Riverside should proclaim itself to be the future birthplace of Kirk. Miller's motion passed unanimously. The council later wrote to Roddenberry for his permission to be designated as\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural influence of Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"581887\",\n \"text\": \"is \\\"angry at the world\\\". Kirk and Spock clash at Starfleet Academy, but, over the course of the film, Kirk focuses his \\\"passion and obstinance and the spectrum of emotions\\\" and becomes captain of the \\\"Enterprise\\\". The alternate timeline continues in the 2013 sequel \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\", and the 2016 sequel \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\", in which Pine reprises his role. Jeffrey Hunter played the commanding officer of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\", Captain Christopher Pike, in the rejected \\\"Star Trek\\\" television pilot \\\"\\\". In developing a new pilot episode, called \\\"Where No Man Has Gone Before\\\", series creator Gene Roddenberry changed\",\n \"title\": \"James T. Kirk\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13501682\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy is a text adventure game developed by Trans Fiction Systems and published by Simon & Schuster Software in 1986 during the 20th anniversary of the . The game was developed by Ron Martinez and Jim Gasperini who also worked on \\\"Hidden Agenda\\\". The player assumes the role of James T. Kirk captain of the U.S.S. Enterprise which has sustained heavy damage after being attacked by an unknown entity. A landing party headed by Kirk beams down to a nearby planet to find food for the ship's crew as the resources\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11697750\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek/X-Men Star Trek/X-Men is a one-shot comic book crossover, written by Scott Lobdell and published in 1996. Produced by Marvel Comics as part of its short-lived Paramount Comics imprint, the book chronicles the first encounter between Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the \\\"Enterprise\\\" (during the five-year mission of ) and members of the X-Men, who traveled through a dimensional rift chasing the mutant Proteus. This was the first of the \\\"Star Trek\\\" comic books produced by Marvel for the Paramount Comics line, and it contains previews for several of the follow-up series. Returning to the planet\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek/X-Men\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7441222\",\n \"text\": \"range and the attacker’s Dexterity. Players had the option of playing virtually any humanoid character introduced in the original Star Trek TV series or the animated series. They included: Humans, Vulcans, Tellarites, Andorians, Orions, Klingons, Romulans. Two other races introduced in the animated series - Caitians and Edoans - could also be played. Using the Basic Rules, the players used the pregenerated Bridge Crew to assume the roles of the Star Trek characters, including Captain Kirk, Mr Spock, Lieutenant Uhura and Yeoman Janice Rand from Paramount's and included M’res and Arex from Paramount's . About twenty pages of information charts\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Adventure Gaming in the Final Frontier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9727555\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: The Kobayashi Alternative Star Trek: The Kobayashi Alternative was a \\\"Star Trek\\\" themed computer software game, designed for the Apple II Plus, Apple IIe, and Apple IIc. The game was also available for the Commodore 64, Macintosh and IBM PC. This text adventure was first published in 1985 by Simon & Schuster. The player assumes the role of Captain James T. Kirk. As Kirk, the player commands the actions of the \\\"Enterprise\\\" crew, as well as the \\\"Enterprise\\\" itself. The game was expansive and ambitious, but also very buggy. The plot is based on the idea that Starfleet\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Kobayashi Alternative\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7058279\",\n \"text\": \"Captain Kirk in the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" episode, \\\"\\\", was the subject of an episode of the television series \\\"MythBusters\\\", in which the viability of Kirk's improvised bamboo cannon was put to the test. \\\"Star Trek\\\" has been the subject of a large number of parodies and tributes. Prominent among film parodies is \\\"Galaxy Quest\\\", as it parodied the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" series, elements of \\\"Star Trek: The Next Generation\\\", and the whole Trekkie phenomenon. On television, the animated series \\\"Futurama\\\" makes frequent references to \\\"Star Trek\\\" and parodies some of its better known plot elements on a regular basis,\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural influence of Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1661817\",\n \"text\": \"simulator mode using the same interface. Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game) Star Trek: 25th Anniversary is an adventure video game developed and published by Interplay Productions, based on the Star Trek universe. The game chronicles various missions of James T. Kirk and his crew of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\". Its 1993 sequel, \\\"\\\", continues and concludes this two-game series, which together may be seen as the final two years of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\"s five-year mission. The player takes on the role of Captain James T. Kirk on board the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\", a Starfleet vessel as seen in the American science\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1661806\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game) Star Trek: 25th Anniversary is an adventure video game developed and published by Interplay Productions, based on the Star Trek universe. The game chronicles various missions of James T. Kirk and his crew of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\". Its 1993 sequel, \\\"\\\", continues and concludes this two-game series, which together may be seen as the final two years of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\"s five-year mission. The player takes on the role of Captain James T. Kirk on board the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\", a Starfleet vessel as seen in the American science fiction television series \\\"\\\". It is\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: 25th Anniversary (computer game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"640333\",\n \"text\": \"to Eden\\\". In \\\"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\\\", Spock, while he and Kirk were riding on a San Francisco city bus, used the nerve pinch to subdue a rude punk who had ignored Kirk's asking to turn off his boom box as his music was too loud, to the other passengers' relief. The technique was also used by Spock to subdue James Kirk in the 2009 film, when Kirk opposes Spock's decision as captain of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" to reunite with the remainder of Starfleet in the Lorentian system, instead of pursuing Nero immediately. Depictions of the effects of\",\n \"title\": \"Vulcan (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6382974\",\n \"text\": \"making it the first \\\"Star Trek\\\" film to win an Academy Award. It was followed by two sequels, \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" (2013) and \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\" (2016). In the 23rd century, the Federation starship USS \\\"Kelvin\\\" is investigating a \\\"lightning storm\\\" in space. A Romulan ship, \\\"Narada\\\", emerges from the storm and attacks \\\"Kelvin\\\". \\\"Narada\\\"s first officer, Ayel, demands that \\\"Kelvin\\\"s Captain Robau come aboard to negotiate a truce. Robau is questioned about the current stardate and an \\\"Ambassador Spock\\\", whom he does not recognize. \\\"Narada\\\"s commander, Nero, kills him, and resumes attacking \\\"Kelvin\\\". George Kirk, \\\"Kelvin\\\"s first officer,\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1659356\",\n \"text\": \"read in a \\\"Star Trek\\\" fan magazine. The film's production acknowledged certain expectations from fans—Nimoy remarked that if Spock had not been resurrected and, instead, \\\"Captain Kirk turn[ed] to the camera and [said] 'Sorry, we didn't find him,' people would throw rocks at the screen.\\\" A major issue Bennett wrestled with was how to introduce the story for people who had not seen \\\"The Wrath of Khan\\\". Bennett said that his television producer mentality \\\"won out\\\"; he added a \\\"previously in \\\"Star Trek\\\" ...\\\" film device, and had Kirk narrate a captain's log, describing his feelings and sense of loss.\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek III: The Search for Spock\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"581883\",\n \"text\": \"from \\\"Space Seed\\\", Khan Noonien Singh. The movie introduces Kirk's son, David Marcus. Spock, who notes that \\\"commanding a starship is [Kirk's] first, best destiny\\\", dies at the end of \\\"Star Trek II\\\". In \\\"\\\", Admiral Kirk leads his surviving officers in a successful mission to rescue Spock from a planet on which he is reborn. Although Kirk is demoted to Captain in \\\"\\\" for disobeying Starfleet orders, he also receives command of a new \\\"Enterprise\\\", the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\"-A (NCC 1701-A). The ship is ordered decommissioned at the end of \\\"\\\". In \\\"Star Trek Generations\\\", Captain Jean-Luc Picard finds Kirk\",\n \"title\": \"James T. Kirk\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20828491\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek vs Transformers Star Trek vs. Transformers is a five-issue comic book limited series published by IDW Publishing. It is a crossover between the \\\"Star Trek\\\" and Transformers franchises, using the characters and art styles from the 1973 cartoon \\\"\\\" and the 1984 cartoon \\\"Transformers\\\" The first issue was released in September 2018. Stardate 5892.7. receives a distress call from Cygnus Seven, a remote dilithium mine near the Klingon border. Unable to contact the planet, Captain Kirk leads Spock, Sulu and M'Ress to the surface, finding the colony under attack by 20th century Earth vehicles without pilots. They attempt\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek vs Transformers\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4409013\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: Titan Star Trek: Titan is a series of Star Trek novels that take place after the events of the 2002 film \\\"Star Trek Nemesis\\\", detailing the adventures of the U.S.S. \\\"Titan\\\" under the command of Starfleet Captain William T. Riker, who previously served for fifteen years as First Officer under Captain Jean-Luc Picard aboard the \\\"Enterprise\\\"-D and \\\"Enterprise\\\"-E on the TV show \\\"\\\" and the four feature films adapted from that series. In the beginning of the 2002 feature film \\\"Star Trek Nemesis\\\", Commander William Riker, who has served as First Officer under Captain Jean-Luc Picard for fifteen\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Titan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15387067\",\n \"text\": \"the one he said was \\\"simply a conglomeration of old cliches from previous \\\"Star Trek\\\" episodes\\\" was the only one they liked, and approved. He has said that it was designed to make the other two look good, and wasn't designed to be the one they picked. The Rift (Star Trek) The Rift is a best-selling novel written by Peter David. It was published in 1991. Official summary: The story begins with Captain Pike, seen in the original pilot episode for \\\"\\\". It then features Captain Kirk and his crew from the future. Mr. Spock learns his favorite word, \\\"fascinating\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"The Rift (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11892905\",\n \"text\": \"of Kirk, Spock, and McCoy was modeled on classical mythological storytelling. \\\"Star Trek\\\" and its spin-offs have proven highly popular in syndication and are shown on TV stations worldwide. The show's cultural impact goes far beyond its longevity and profitability. \\\"Star Trek\\\" conventions have become popular among its fans, who call themselves \\\"trekkies\\\" or \\\"trekkers\\\". An entire subculture has grown up around the show which was documented in the film \\\"Trekkies\\\". \\\"Star Trek\\\" was the highest-ranked cult show by \\\"TV Guide\\\". The franchise has also garnered many comparisons of the \\\"Star Wars\\\" franchise being rivals in the science fiction genre\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5823819\",\n \"text\": \"new book. In preparation for writing a Captain John Harriman story, he read Peter David's \\\"The Captain's Daughter\\\", and chose to keep his new work in line with that, creating a background for the character as well in order to explain why he seemed so less capable than Kirk in \\\"Star Trek Generations\\\". Ilsa J. Bick's first \\\"Star Trek\\\" writing assignment was for \\\"The Lost Era\\\" miniseries. She created a number of pitches and sent them to Palmieri, who told her to combine several. She then wrote a 50-page single-spaced outline of the novel, which Palmieri passed to Keith DeCandido,\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Lost Era\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2406778\",\n \"text\": \"of the eventual series, but there were numerous differences. The Captain of the starship USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" was not James T. Kirk, but Christopher Pike. Spock was present, but not as First Officer. That role was taken by a character known only as Number One, played by Majel Barrett. Spock's character differs somewhat from that seen in the rest of \\\"Star Trek\\\"; he displays a youthful eagerness that contrasts with the later more reserved and logical Spock. He also delivers the first line in all of \\\"Star Trek\\\": \\\"Check the circuit!\\\" followed by, \\\"Can't be the screen then.\\\" The weaponry used\",\n \"title\": \"The Cage (Star Trek: The Original Series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8472427\",\n \"text\": \"Trek: The Next Generation\\\" manga in April 2009, which featured writers who had worked on \\\"The Original Series\\\" volumes including Duane and Gerrold. Writing for IGN, A.E. Sparrow said that \\\"Star Trek: The Manga\\\" made him reminisce about Sunday morning re-runs of the original series. Of the art, he thought that on occasion it was difficult to tell Dr. McCoy apart from other characters and also each story had a different style of drawing Captain Kirk and he was pleased to see the return of Nurse Chapel in the story \\\"Til Death\\\". John Tenuto, in his review of the third\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Manga\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13431255\",\n \"text\": \"lucky again.\\\" Michelle Erica Green of TrekNation reviewed \\\"Cloak\\\" as \\\"superbly written, highly readable and a lot of fun.\\\" Cloak (Star Trek) Cloak is a \\\"\\\" novel written by S. D. Perry. It is part of the \\\"\\\" miniseries. Captain James T. Kirk of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" learns the cloaking device he stole from the Romulan Star Empire months ago is being used for sinister purposes. He also learns about Section 31, a group of Starfleet officers who answer to no one and are willing to kill anyone to protect their secrets. In \\\"Voyages of Imagination\\\", Perry comments: \\\"Marco was\",\n \"title\": \"Cloak (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13431254\",\n \"text\": \"Cloak (Star Trek) Cloak is a \\\"\\\" novel written by S. D. Perry. It is part of the \\\"\\\" miniseries. Captain James T. Kirk of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" learns the cloaking device he stole from the Romulan Star Empire months ago is being used for sinister purposes. He also learns about Section 31, a group of Starfleet officers who answer to no one and are willing to kill anyone to protect their secrets. In \\\"Voyages of Imagination\\\", Perry comments: \\\"Marco was talking to me about one of his pet projects and I pretty much begged for the . I was\",\n \"title\": \"Cloak (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6664798\",\n \"text\": \"shaved her head to be less appealing.) Decker has sex with the Ilia probe in an attempt to join minds and connect with this alien intruder. Throughout the novel, a phonetic spelling for \\\"V'Ger\\\" as Vejur is consistently used by Roddenberry, which starts when the \\\"Ilia-Probe\\\" is asked by Captain Kirk about the origin of \\\"her\\\" programming. Star Trek: The Motion Picture (novel) Star Trek: The Motion Picture. A Novel is a 1979 novelization of the film \\\"\\\", which was released in the same year. It is especially notable for being the only \\\"Star Trek\\\" novel to be written by\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Motion Picture (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"971994\",\n \"text\": \"what future-Kirk and future-Spock say, causing him to be injured by the delta rays and subsequently transition to a life in the wheelchair and its light communication device. Christopher Pike (Star Trek) Christopher Pike is a character in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" science fiction franchise. He was portrayed by Jeffrey Hunter in the original \\\"\\\" pilot episode, \\\"\\\", as captain of the . The pilot was rejected, and the character was dropped during development of the second pilot when Hunter decided that he did not want to continue with the series. Sean Kenney portrayed the physically disabled Christopher Pike in new\",\n \"title\": \"Christopher Pike (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18200926\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: Khan Star Trek: Khan is a five-issue comic book prequel and sequel to the 2013 film \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\" by IDW Publishing. It follows Khan Noonien Singh, explaining his past and how he came to have a change in facial appearance and serve Admiral Alexander Marcus. Starts with the trial of Khan Noonien Singn on stardate 2259.246 (September 3, 2259). Khan is brought forward, where he states that he rejects the court's authority. But Kirk note that the defendant calling himself Khan, looks nothing like the records of Khan Noonien Singn and ask him who him really\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Khan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6382990\",\n \"text\": \"Abrams said that he had never seen \\\"Star Trek: Nemesis\\\" because he felt the franchise had \\\"disconnected\\\" from the original series. For him, he said, \\\"Star Trek\\\" was about Kirk and Spock, and the other series were like \\\"separate space adventure[s] with the name \\\"Star Trek\\\"\\\". He also acknowledged that as a child he had actually preferred the \\\"Star Wars\\\" movies. He noted that his general knowledge of \\\"Star Trek\\\" made him well suited to introduce the franchise to newcomers, and that, being an optimistic person, he would make \\\"Star Trek\\\" an optimistic film, which would be a refreshing contrast\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19053320\",\n \"text\": \"Divided We Stand (Star Trek Continues) \\\"Divided We Stand\\\" is a fan-produced \\\"Star Trek\\\" episode released in 2015, the fifth in the web series \\\"Star Trek Continues\\\", which aims to continue the episodes of \\\"\\\" replicating their visual and storytelling style The episode is dedicated to Grace Lee Whitney, who had died earlier in the year. During an attempt to free the ship's computer from a nano-virus, an explosion puts Kirk and McCoy in a coma that leaves them awake in a turbulent moment in time - the American Civil War, with Kirk in a Union uniform and McCoy in\",\n \"title\": \"Divided We Stand (Star Trek Continues)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1661355\",\n \"text\": \"he complained of the difficulty of a stealth based level. Star Trek: Bridge Commander Star Trek: Bridge Commander is a space combat simulation video game, published by Activision and Totally Games in 2002, based in the Star Trek universe. The plot revolves around a newly promoted captain who is assigned to investigate an explosion of a star in the Maelstrom. Throughout the mystery, the player will encounter characters from the \\\"Star Trek\\\" universe, including Captain Picard and Commander Data. The captain and their crew take command of the \\\"Galaxy\\\"-class USS \\\"Dauntless\\\" (NCC-71879) as well as the USS \\\"Sovereign\\\" (NCC-73811) to\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Bridge Commander\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1661344\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: Bridge Commander Star Trek: Bridge Commander is a space combat simulation video game, published by Activision and Totally Games in 2002, based in the Star Trek universe. The plot revolves around a newly promoted captain who is assigned to investigate an explosion of a star in the Maelstrom. Throughout the mystery, the player will encounter characters from the \\\"Star Trek\\\" universe, including Captain Picard and Commander Data. The captain and their crew take command of the \\\"Galaxy\\\"-class USS \\\"Dauntless\\\" (NCC-71879) as well as the USS \\\"Sovereign\\\" (NCC-73811) to combat a new threat to the United Federation of Planets.\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Bridge Commander\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8861792\",\n \"text\": \"Takei (Hikaru Sulu) was not available, this led to the idea of including Ruck's character as captain. Three actors from \\\"\\\", James Cawley, Jeff Quinn and Bobby Quinn Rice (Kirk, Spock and Peter Kirk), also featured. In 2305, a mysterious man (William Wellman, Jr.) appears at a run-down outpost demanding the location of Captain James T. Kirk, only to find from the terrified data clerk (Ethan Phillips) that he was presumed dead saving the \\\"Enterprise-B\\\" twelve years earlier (at the opening of \\\"Star Trek Generations\\\"). Angrily declaring he \\\"didn't wait forty years to be cheated\\\", the man overloads the outpost's\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Of Gods and Men\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11892890\",\n \"text\": \"that critics and audiences praised but Roddenberry forbade in the original series and \\\"The Next Generation\\\". Nevertheless, he was informed before his death of \\\"DS9\\\", making this the last \\\"Star Trek\\\" series connected to Gene Roddenberry. \\\"Star Trek: Voyager\\\" ran for seven seasons, airing from January 16, 1995, to May 23, 2001, launching a new Paramount-owned television network, UPN. It features Kate Mulgrew as Captain Kathryn Janeway, the first female commanding officer in a leading role of a \\\"Star Trek\\\" series, and Commander Chakotay, played by Robert Beltran. \\\"Voyager\\\" takes place at about the same time period as \\\"Deep Space\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"373394\",\n \"text\": \"whether he was the person who played Neelix or not, as he did not appear in the credits; \\\"It was just kind of a goofy thing to do.\\\" During production there were incorrect rumors that Avery Brooks would reprise his role as \\\"\\\" captain Benjamin Sisko. As with many \\\"Star Trek\\\" productions, new, disposable redshirt characters are killed off over the course of the plot. In February 1995, two months after the release of \\\"Star Trek Generations\\\", Paramount decided to produce another \\\"Star Trek\\\" feature for a winter holiday 1996 release. Paramount wanted writers Brannon Braga and Ronald D. Moore,\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: First Contact\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6630455\",\n \"text\": \"the grandfather of the character he plays on the later television series. It is the second and last \\\"Star Trek\\\" film directed by Nicholas Meyer and last screenplay co-authored by Leonard Nimoy. Picard enlists the help of Kirk, who is presumed long dead but flourishes in an extradimensional realm, to prevent a renegade scientist (Malcolm McDowell) from destroying a star and its populated planetary system in an attempt to enter that realm. This film also included original crew members Scotty (James Doohan) and Chekov (Walter Koenig). Following seven seasons of \\\"Star Trek: The Next Generation\\\", the next \\\"Star Trek\\\" film\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (film series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19222808\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek Timelines Star Trek Timelines is a strategy role playing video game developed by Disruptor Beam for iPad and Android platform. The player is the captain of a ship and can form their ship's crew from characters from any era of \\\"Star Trek\\\", while steering the fate of the galaxy through diplomacy, science and force of arms. Set after the events of \\\"Star Trek Nemesis\\\" and \\\"Star Trek: Voyager's\\\" series finale, \\\"Star Trek Timelines\\\" begins as the player captains their first starship command to investigate an unknown temporal anomaly. Upon arriving at the anomaly, the player meets Q, who\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek Timelines\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"358721\",\n \"text\": \"support belt later appeared in an early \\\"Star Trek: The Next Generation\\\" novel, \\\"The Peacekeepers\\\", where they were referred to as \\\"field-effect suits\\\". The episode \\\"The Lorelei Signal\\\" provides a rare instance in early \\\"Star Trek\\\" in which a female took temporary command of a starship. Due to the male crew members being incapacitated, Uhura assumes command of the \\\"Enterprise\\\" from Scotty. Other instances occurred on the first and last adventures filmed in the original series: \\\"The Lorelei Signal\\\" and \\\"The Infinite Vulcan\\\", the latter written by Walter Koenig, are rare occurrences where Captain Kirk comes close to actually saying,\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Animated Series\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7411822\",\n \"text\": \"of the most well-known non-Federation ships is the \\\"Bird of Prey\\\", which was crewed by Captain Kirk and his crew in the 1986 film \\\"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\\\". This also provides an example of the creative alien spaceship design, as the film featured an extremely large black cylinder for the \\\"whale probe\\\", unlike the typical \\\"warp drive\\\" ships like the \\\"Enterprise\\\". The \\\"Star Trek\\\" universe also included a large number of shuttlecraft, which although small compared to the large vessels was typical place for dialogue between 2–3 characters in a large number of episodes of these shows. The\",\n \"title\": \"Lists of Star Trek spacecraft\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18505010\",\n \"text\": \"in honor of the series, Paramount Pictures soon sought to create a movie based on the series. By March 1972, series creator Gene Roddenberry said there was interest in a \\\"Star Trek\\\" feature film, and that the series could return to television on NBC. The five-year mission of \\\"Star Trek\\\" has finished and the crew has moved on from their postings on the starship \\\"Enterprise\\\". Captain James T. Kirk has been promoted to Admiral, Doctor Leonard McCoy has left Starfleet to become a veterinarian, and other crew members have been given desk jobs. Engineer Montgomery Scott has become an alcoholic\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The God Thing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13501684\",\n \"text\": \"that he was avenging his brother whom Kirk had defeated in a prior engagement. Damage reports show that the ship's protein stock used for food synthesis has been contaminated by leaking phaser coolant. The captain and a landing crew beam down to Prometheus Four, a class M planet with a concentration of life which appears to be peaceful. Scorpia of \\\"Computer Gaming World\\\" stated that \\\"Promethean\\\" was \\\"light years better than\\\" predecessor \\\"\\\" \\\"in both design and execution\\\", and without its bugs. It concluded \\\"Bottom line: Highly recommended!\\\" Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy is a\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Promethean Prophecy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5204993\",\n \"text\": \"issue. Actor Jonathan Frakes, who played Riker, also commented that the episode was not daring enough, in that Soren, who was played by Melinda Culea, should have been more evidently male. In a 2008 interview, \\\"Trek\\\" writer Ronald D. Moore responded to a question of why there were few gay characters in science fiction in general and none on \\\"Star Trek\\\": We've just failed at it. It's not been something we've successfully done. At \\\"Star Trek\\\" we used to have all these stock answers for why we didn't do it. The truth is it was not really a priority for\",\n \"title\": \"Sexuality in Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7058276\",\n \"text\": \"salute in tribute to \\\"Trek\\\". In an earlier episode of \\\"\\\", O'Neill travels back in time to the 1960s and during an interrogation by an Air Force officer he refers to himself as \\\"James T. Kirk, captain of the federation starship Enterprise\\\". Another \\\"Trek\\\" reference is made when a character questions whether or not another team member can be \\\"beamed up\\\". The response is \\\"What am I, Scotty\\\"? Later on the series, advanced alien technology allows team members to \\\"beam\\\" up and down in manner similar to that seen on \\\"Star Trek\\\". In the Cold War submarine film \\\"Crimson Tide\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural influence of Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4001778\",\n \"text\": \"intelligent, points out to Kirk that, since the creature cannot be harmed with conventional weapons, the captain has nothing to regret about his earlier encounter. Realizing that neither he nor Garrovick could have harmed the creature, Kirk orders the ensign to return to duty. The creature finally leaves the ship. Believing it to be heading to the Tycho system to spawn, Kirk and Garrovick beam down to the fourth planet with an antigrav case holding an antimatter bomb. With the creature about to envelop them, Kirk and Garrovick beam away and the bomb explodes, annihilating the entity. Obsession (Star Trek:\",\n \"title\": \"Obsession (Star Trek: The Original Series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5205011\",\n \"text\": \"ends with Stamets and his partner Dr. (Wilson Cruz) brushing their teeth and talking about the emotional effects of Stamets' choice on Culber, creating a moment in which their relationship is made known to viewers. This marks the first occasion on which a Star Trek television series acknowledges and confirms a same-sex relationship. Instructions for authors that had previously wished to write officially licensed \\\"Star Trek\\\" spin-off books stated that there was to be no suggestion of a relationship \\\"other than friendship\\\" between crew members, but this restriction no longer applies. In a seeming response to reams of Kirk/Spock fan\",\n \"title\": \"Sexuality in Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"581908\",\n \"text\": \"of Them All\\\" was released in June 2014 and won a Burbank International Film Festival award for \\\"Best New Media – Drama\\\". \\\"Star Trek Continues\\\" also won a Geekie Award for \\\"Best Web Series\\\". On June 19, 2015, Episode 4 of the series was posted and titled \\\"White Iris\\\". All eleven full episodes have been released as of December, 2017. James T. Kirk James Tiberius \\\"Jim\\\" Kirk is a fictional character in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise. Kirk first appears in \\\"\\\" and has been portrayed in numerous films, books, comics, webisodes, and video games. As the captain of the starship\",\n \"title\": \"James T. Kirk\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11892895\",\n \"text\": \"beginning with \\\"The Next Generation\\\" in 1987. \\\"Star Trek: Discovery\\\" is a direct prequel to \\\"\\\", set roughly ten years beforehand. It premiered September 24, 2017 in the United States and Canada on CBS before moving to CBS All Access, while Netflix streams the show outside the United States and is also providing most of the show's funding. The show centers on the voyages of the \\\"Discovery\\\", commanded by Captain Gabriel Lorca (played by Jason Isaacs), and Lieutenant Commander Michael Burnham (played by Sonequa Martin-Green), with Burnham being the lead character of the series. This marks the first \\\"Star Trek\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19772250\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: Bridge Crew Star Trek: Bridge Crew is a virtual reality action-adventure video game developed by Red Storm Entertainment and published by Ubisoft for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation 4. \\\"Star Trek: Bridge Crew\\\" takes place in the alternate reality established in the 2009 \\\"Star Trek\\\" film and sees the Starfleet ship USS \\\"Aegis\\\" searching for a new homeworld for the Vulcans after the destruction of their planet. The ship heads for a region of space called 'The Trench', which is being occupied by Klingons. The game is played through four roles: captain, tactical officer, engineer and helm officer. The\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Bridge Crew\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16074493\",\n \"text\": \"Effects. It was followed by \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\" in 2016. In 2259, Captain James T. Kirk is removed from command of the starship USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" for violating the Prime Directive after exposing the ship to the primitive inhabitants of the planet Nibiru in order to save them, and Spock, from a cataclysmic volcanic eruption. Admiral Christopher Pike is reinstated as commanding officer with Kirk demoted to the rank of Commander and first officer. Commander Spock is transferred to another ship. Shortly after, the Section 31 installation in London is bombed by renegade Starfleet operative John Harrison. Harrison attacks Starfleet Headquarters\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12263306\",\n \"text\": \"Killing Time (Star Trek novel) Killing Time is a \\\"\\\" novel written by Della Van Hise and published by Pocket Books in 1985. The original manuscript had Kirk/Spock slash fiction elements, and these were requested to be removed by Paramount. However, they were not removed, and 250,000 copies were printed. These romantic undertones between Spock and James T. Kirk were brought to the attention of the office of the creator of \\\"Star Trek\\\", Gene Roddenberry, who made Pocket Books recall the first edition. This edition subsequently became a collector's item, with more than fifty changes made to a revised version.\",\n \"title\": \"Killing Time (Star Trek novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7521895\",\n \"text\": \"establishment of this odd new starbase and there is. Harbinger (Star Trek novel) Harbinger is the first novel in the \\\"\\\" series concerning the Starbase 47, otherwise known as \\\"Vanguard\\\". The U.S.S. \\\"Enterprise\\\" is damaged after traveling to the edge of the galaxy. They are passing through the Taurus Reach and are surprised to find a new Federation facility, Starbase 47 a.k.a. Vanguard. Captain James T. Kirk is puzzled at this place for many reasons, including it being so near the xenophobic Tholian Assembly. Kirk has his ship dock for repairs. The Tholian Assembly, the Orion Syndicate, and the Klingon\",\n \"title\": \"Harbinger (Star Trek novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7521894\",\n \"text\": \"Harbinger (Star Trek novel) Harbinger is the first novel in the \\\"\\\" series concerning the Starbase 47, otherwise known as \\\"Vanguard\\\". The U.S.S. \\\"Enterprise\\\" is damaged after traveling to the edge of the galaxy. They are passing through the Taurus Reach and are surprised to find a new Federation facility, Starbase 47 a.k.a. Vanguard. Captain James T. Kirk is puzzled at this place for many reasons, including it being so near the xenophobic Tholian Assembly. Kirk has his ship dock for repairs. The Tholian Assembly, the Orion Syndicate, and the Klingon Empire all believe there is much more to the\",\n \"title\": \"Harbinger (Star Trek novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16513205\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: Secret of Vulcan Fury Star Trek: Secret of Vulcan Fury is a cancelled action-adventure game, in development by Interplay Entertainment from 1997 until its cancellation in 1999. Based on the \\\"\\\" license, the game would have followed Captain James T. Kirk and the crew of the USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" through a series of adventures regarding the Vulcan and Romulan races. \\\"Secret of Vulcan Fury\\\" was to have been the latest in a series of games produced by Interplay based on the license. It would have featured a control method similar to those seen in LucasArts games of that period,\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Secret of Vulcan Fury\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16082410\",\n \"text\": \"mission sees Kirk and Spock land on the planet New Vulcan; a colony created by Vulcans following the destruction of their homeworld in the 2009 film. There are further types of gameplay in \\\"Star Trek\\\" seen in the mini-games that appear throughout, such as those featuring \\\"space dives\\\" as seen in both 2009's \\\"Star Trek\\\" and 2013's \\\"Star Trek Into Darkness\\\". Other elements of the game break from the third-person shooter style. These include swimming levels that have Spock and Kirk move past obstacles using a teleportation gun, and levels featuring turret-based shooting on board \\\"Enterprise\\\". Climbing and platforming are\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek (2013 video game)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11892917\",\n \"text\": \"Trek: The Helena Chronicles\\\". Several standalone fan films have been created including \\\"\\\". Future fan films include \\\"\\\". Audio only fan productions includes \\\"Star Trek: The Continuing Mission\\\". Several fan film parodies have also been created. The original \\\"Star Trek\\\" series is also notable for giving rise to slash fiction, a genre of fan-produced in-universe fiction where normally non-romantic same-sex characters are portrayed as being a romantic couple, notably \\\"Kirk/Spock\\\" stories. These began appearing in the early 1970s, generally written by female fans of the show. Over the intervening decades, especially with the advent of the internet, slash fanfiction has\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5180763\",\n \"text\": \"Worf in , John Schuck who played a Klingon Ambassador in two \\\"Star Trek\\\" films, and Eric Pierpoint who had appeared in several other episodes of \\\"Star Trek\\\" previously. Some of the standing sets were redressed to appear as the interior of the \\\"Columbia\\\", and some scenes were filmed outside at the Paramount Studios lot in Los Angeles, California. \\\"Enterprise\\\" returns to Earth in time for the launch of the second NX class starship, \\\"Columbia\\\", and Commander Tucker prepares for his transfer. Meanwhile, Ensign Sato and Doctor Phlox are attacked in San Francisco, and Phlox is kidnapped. Captain Archer and\",\n \"title\": \"Affliction (Star Trek: Enterprise)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18505021\",\n \"text\": \"in Sha-Ka-Ree. However, this scene was simplified for the film due to budget constraints. Star Trek: The God Thing Star Trek: The God Thing is an unproduced film script written by \\\"\\\" series creator Gene Roddenberry. Following the success of \\\"Star Trek\\\" in broadcast syndication during the early 1970s, Paramount Pictures sought to produce a feature film based on the property. The film's plot follows the \\\"Enterprise\\\" crew after the events of \\\"The Original Series\\\": when an alien entity declares itself God and begins travel to Earth, Admiral James T. Kirk reunites the crew, who send it back to its\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The God Thing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18505007\",\n \"text\": \"Star Trek: The God Thing Star Trek: The God Thing is an unproduced film script written by \\\"\\\" series creator Gene Roddenberry. Following the success of \\\"Star Trek\\\" in broadcast syndication during the early 1970s, Paramount Pictures sought to produce a feature film based on the property. The film's plot follows the \\\"Enterprise\\\" crew after the events of \\\"The Original Series\\\": when an alien entity declares itself God and begins travel to Earth, Admiral James T. Kirk reunites the crew, who send it back to its own dimension. Roddenberry completed the story on June 30, 1976, but Paramount rejected the\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The God Thing\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7931353\",\n \"text\": \"in the mirror universe timeline. Additionally, James T. Kirk is nowhere to be seen. The game received \\\"generally unfavorable reviews\\\" on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Star Trek: Shattered Universe Star Trek: Shattered Universe is a space simulator video game by American studio Starsphere Interactive set in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" Mirror Universe, as portrayed in the original series episode \\\"\\\". Originally intended to be one of the last Star Trek titles released by Interplay Entertainment, it sat for 2 years before being completed by TDK Mediactive; it was released for the Xbox and PlayStation 2. The\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Shattered Universe\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7441227\",\n \"text\": \"author’s influences were stated up-front: Paramount's , , and Franz Joseph's Star Fleet Technical Manual. was over a year away from release at the time Crabaugh finished his article, and he stated that he did not use simply because there was a lot more useful gaming material available in the TV episodes and their novelizations. “Kirk on Karit 2: A STAR TREK Scenario Report” was developed by Emmet F. Milestone for use at DunDraCon IV. The intended players were a mix of “old dungeon-mates” and some non-gamer Trekkies who were interested in finding out about role-playing. Emmet F. Milestone played\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Adventure Gaming in the Final Frontier\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7058274\",\n \"text\": \"oriented futuristic television series outside of the \\\"Star Trek\\\" franchise. Some television series feature major or supporting characters whose love of \\\"Star Trek\\\" affects the storyline of the series. \\\"The Replacement\\\", a Season 5 episode of \\\"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\\\", features two versions of the character Xander, a \\\"Star Trek\\\" fan, which is a simultaneous tribute to the \\\"Star Trek\\\" episode \\\"\\\", in which there are two Captain Kirks. In crossover casting, two other television series have cast actors from \\\"Star Trek\\\" in series in which other characters are \\\"Star Trek\\\" fans who frequently refer to \\\"Trek\\\" moments or cite\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural influence of Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3951908\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Father Knows Best\\\", where she played Jane Wyatt's eldest daughter. On the next broadcast \\\"Star Trek\\\" episode, Jane Wyatt guested, playing Spock's mother Amanda. Cochrane reappears as the focal character of the movie \\\"\\\" (1996), in which he is played by James Cromwell. This episode was the first time in the original series that Kirk does not appear on board the \\\"Enterprise\\\" at any point. Metamorphosis (Star Trek: The Original Series) \\\"Metamorphosis\\\" is the ninth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \\\"\\\". Written by Gene L. Coon and directed by Ralph Senensky, it was first broadcast\",\n \"title\": \"Metamorphosis (Star Trek: The Original Series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2498075\",\n \"text\": \"auditioned for the Scotty role in the 2009 \\\"Star Trek\\\" reboot and received James Doohan's son Chris' endorsement. However, Simon Pegg's casting was announced on October 11, 2007. Pegg's portrayal in the 2009 \\\"Star Trek\\\" reboot has Scotty stuck working at an isolated outpost as punishment for beaming Admiral Jonathan Archer's prized beagle from one planet to the next — and having no idea where it ended up. With assistance from Spock Prime and James Kirk, he joins the \\\"Enterprise\\\" crew and becomes the ship's chief engineer. Slate.com called Pegg's performance of Scotty in the 2009 \\\"Star Trek\\\" reboot \\\"juicily\",\n \"title\": \"Scotty (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18251473\",\n \"text\": \"villain since \\\"First Contact\\\"s Borg Queen.\\\" Despite its international success, \\\"Star Trek Beyond\\\" was met by critics who were less taken with the film. Kyle Smith of the \\\"New York Post\\\" gave the film 1½ stars out of 4 and he commented that the filmmakers \\\"should have called it \\\"Star Trek Into Drowsiness.\\\"\\\" Smith later added, \\\"\\\"Beyond\\\" is tepid when it’s trying to be emotional, moronic when it’s trying to be thrilling and unfunny when it’s trying to be non-unfunny. It lacks a storytelling module: Things just click into place when needed, as when Kirk commands Scotty to rev up\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek Beyond\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8826770\",\n \"text\": \"make appearances. Several actors from \\\"Here Come the Brides\\\" had also appeared on \\\"Star Trek\\\". Mark Lenard played Aaron Stemple, whom the novel implies was Spock's ancestor. Lenard also played the role of Sarek, Spock's father, in the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" TV series, as well as a Romulan commander in the episode \\\"Balance of Terror\\\" (the first time the Romulans are seen in the series). The actor playing Jason Bolt (the eldest brother) was Robert Brown who played \\\"Lazarus\\\" in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" episode \\\"The Alternative Factor.\\\" The actor playing Joshua Bolt (a younger brother) was David Soul who played\",\n \"title\": \"Ishmael (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3894441\",\n \"text\": \"Court Martial (Star Trek: The Original Series) \\\"Court Martial\\\" is the twentieth episode of the of the American science fiction television series \\\".\\\" It was written by Don M. Mankiewicz and Steven W. Carabatsos, directed by Marc Daniels, and first aired on February 2, 1967. In the episode, Captain Kirk stands trial on charges of negligence after a crewman fakes his own death. The USS \\\"Enterprise\\\" has put in at Starbase 11 for repairs after an ion storm. During this storm, Captain James T. Kirk was forced to eject a research pod containing Lieutenant Commander Benjamin Finney to prevent the\",\n \"title\": \"Court Martial (Star Trek: The Original Series)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6921228\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Unless you already have an emotional attachment to the \\\"Star Trek\\\" universe, and feel a cheeky little frisson down there at the prospect of pretending to be Kirk, there's no reason at all to put up with the unresponsive controls, shallow gameplay and absolutely infuriating inability to save during an hour-long mission. With the game's appeal thus reduced to those faithful fans still willing to suffer in the name of brand loyalty, it remains an impossible game to recommend without serious caveats.\\\" Star Trek: Legacy Star Trek: Legacy is a real-time tactics space combat video game for Microsoft Windows and\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: Legacy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"358718\",\n \"text\": \"the BBC in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s, were edited to run the teaser after the credits. The series' writing benefited from a Writers Guild of America, East strike in 1973, which did not apply to animation. A few episodes are especially notable due to contributions from well-known science fiction authors: In the original \\\"Star Trek\\\" series, the title character was given the name James T. Kirk. It was not until the animated series that writer David Gerrold replaced the \\\"T\\\", giving us Captain James Tiberius Kirk. It was purely coincidental that he chose \\\"Tiberius\\\" (on Gene\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek: The Animated Series\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"561747\",\n \"text\": \"standard equipment in survival gear and in emergency weapons caches aboard starships. Captain Kathryn Janeway uses one in the \\\"Star Trek: Voyager\\\" episode \\\"\\\". In the real world, the KA-BAR is an official combat knife of the United States Marine Corps. A katana is a Federation sword of Japanese origin. The only major difference compared to the old sword of today is that the \\\"Star Trek\\\" version is foldable, thus occupying a minimum space when carried and stored. In the 2009 \\\"Star Trek\\\" reboot, Lieutenant Hikaru Sulu produces a folding katana with which to cut the lines of his parachute,\",\n \"title\": \"Weapons in Star Trek\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15387066\",\n \"text\": \"The Rift (Star Trek) The Rift is a best-selling novel written by Peter David. It was published in 1991. Official summary: The story begins with Captain Pike, seen in the original pilot episode for \\\"\\\". It then features Captain Kirk and his crew from the future. Mr. Spock learns his favorite word, \\\"fascinating\\\", from the female first officer known only as Number One, deciding it wasn't too emotional and would be a good word to remember for the future. David submitted three novel outlines to Paramount, written in three different styles. The two he thought were good were rejected, and\",\n \"title\": \"The Rift (Star Trek)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"373477\",\n \"text\": \"film in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" series, and is often credited with renewing substantial interest in the franchise. In the year 2285, Admiral James T. Kirk oversees a simulator session of Captain Spock's trainees. In the simulation, Lieutenant Saavik commands the starship on a rescue mission to save the crew of the damaged ship \\\"Kobayashi Maru\\\". When the \\\"Enterprise\\\" enters the Klingon Neutral Zone to reach the ship, it is attacked by Klingon cruisers and critically damaged. The simulation is a no-win scenario designed to test the character of Starfleet officers. Later, Dr. McCoy joins Kirk on his birthday; seeing Kirk\",\n \"title\": \"Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19053321\",\n \"text\": \"a Confederate uniform - the Battle of Antietam. Divided We Stand (Star Trek Continues) \\\"Divided We Stand\\\" is a fan-produced \\\"Star Trek\\\" episode released in 2015, the fifth in the web series \\\"Star Trek Continues\\\", which aims to continue the episodes of \\\"\\\" replicating their visual and storytelling style The episode is dedicated to Grace Lee Whitney, who had died earlier in the year. During an attempt to free the ship's computer from a nano-virus, an explosion puts Kirk and McCoy in a coma that leaves them awake in a turbulent moment in time - the American Civil War, with\",\n \"title\": \"Divided We Stand (Star Trek Continues)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5204995\",\n \"text\": \"2002, Kate Mulgrew (who played Captain Janeway) gave an interview to \\\"Metrosource\\\" where she spoke candidly about the issue of LGBT characters in the \\\"Star Trek\\\" television universe: Because of its both political and potentially incendiary substance. I'm in a minority as well, as a woman. It took a lot of courage on their part to hire a woman. I think that right up until the end they were very dubious about it. It's one thing to cast a subordinate black, Asian, or woman, but to put them in a leading role means the solid endorsement of one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Sexuality in Star Trek\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["jimmy bennett","chris pine","william shatner"],"string":"[\n \"jimmy bennett\",\n \"chris pine\",\n \"william shatner\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":882,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what type of currency does the us have?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1701664","text":"financial assets denominated in a foreign currency. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution, for example, Argentina and Peru were both in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s. \"Dollarization\", when referring to currency substitution, does not necessarily involve use of the United States dollar. The currencies that have been used as substitutes have been the US dollar, the euro, and the Australian dollar. After the gold standard was abandoned at the outbreak of World War I and the Bretton Woods Conference following World War II, some countries sought exchange rate","title":"Currency substitution"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701664\",\n \"text\": \"financial assets denominated in a foreign currency. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution, for example, Argentina and Peru were both in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s. \\\"Dollarization\\\", when referring to currency substitution, does not necessarily involve use of the United States dollar. The currencies that have been used as substitutes have been the US dollar, the euro, and the Australian dollar. After the gold standard was abandoned at the outbreak of World War I and the Bretton Woods Conference following World War II, some countries sought exchange rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"4183543","text":"Central Bank as \"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\". The US Department of Treasury in 2013 defined it more tersely as \"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\". The key attribute a virtual currency does not have according to these definitions, is the status as legal tender. Since 2001, the European Union has implemented the E-Money Directive \"on the taking up, pursuit and prudential","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"13810767","text":"reviews\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\". \"What Kate Does\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" described the episode as \"contemplative\", \"anticlimactic\" and \"subdued\" and the flash sideways as \"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \" 'What Kate","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"7149505","text":"What the Ancients Did for Us What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society. The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather than half an hour (though heavily edited half-hour versions have also been shown), but also in that it does not concentrate on a single period of history but rather one ancient civilization per episode including the Chinese, the Indians","title":"What the Ancients Did for Us"},{"psg_id":"17544483","text":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. \"The Fox\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"15809740","text":"the extent of hostility, but the term has been widely used by the media since Brazil's finance ministers Guido Mantega September 2010 announcement that a \"currency war\" had broken out. Other commentators including world statesmen such as Manmohan Singh and Guido Mantega suggested a \"currency war\" was indeed underway and that the leading participants are China and the US, though since 2009 many other states have been taking measures to either devalue or at least check the appreciation of their currencies. The US does not acknowledge that it is practicing competitive devaluation and its official policy is to let the","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"19980608","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"1701670","text":"currency substitution by adopting the US dollar as legal tender in 1904. This type of currency substitution is also known as de jure currency substitution. Currency substitution can be used semiofficially (or officially bimonetary systems), where the foreign currency is legal tender alongside the domestic currency. In literature, there is a set of related definitions of currency substitution such as external liability currency substitution, domestic liability currency substitution, banking sector's liability currency substitution or deposit currency substitution, and credit dollarlization. External liability currency substitution measures total external debt (private and public) denominated in foreign currencies of the economy. Deposit currency","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"13810778","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810760","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"8656489","text":"to its regulations defining currency as \"the coin and paper money of the United States or of any other country that [i] is designated as legal tender and that [ii] circulates and [iii] is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance\", also called \"real currency\" by FinCEN, defined virtual currency as \"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\". In particular, virtual currency does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"19980607","text":"sitcom\". Writing in \"The Guardian\" in February 2015, Priya Elan judged that, \"Standup comedian Stephen K Amos's jaunty sitcom \"What Does The K Stand For?\" (Radio 4) reaches the end of its second series with possibly the best episode yet. With shades of Chris Rock's \"Everybody Hates Chris\", Amos takes us back to his 80s childhood, growing up gay and black in a dysfunctional household\". However, he added, \"Playing it broad by mixing farce with double entendres, the sitcom is slightly uneven: although the family are drawn with wit and sympathy, minor characters like the actress turned teacher Miss Bliss","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"10945153","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"19980606","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"16663178","text":"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \"What Does The Bee Do?\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \"IGN\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\" \"The A.V. Club\" rated the episode an \"A-\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"16663175","text":"What Does the Bee Do? \"What Does the Bee Do?\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"5601511","text":"as the main foreign trade and exchange bank. Foreign visitors to China were required to conduct transactions with Foreign Exchange Certificates issued by the Bank of China between 1979 and 1994. These have been abolished, and all transactions now occur in Renminbi. History of Chinese currency The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used","title":"History of Chinese currency"},{"psg_id":"4183541","text":"bitcoin is a digital currency but also a type of virtual currency. Bitcoin and its alternatives are based on cryptographic algorithms, so these kinds of virtual currencies are also called cryptocurrencies. Most of the traditional money supply is bank money held on computers. This is also considered digital currency. One could argue that our increasingly cashless society means that all currencies are becoming digital, but they are not presented to us as such. Currency can be exchanged electronically using debit cards and credit cards using electronic funds transfer at point of sale. A number of electronic money systems use contactless","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"8656487","text":"Virtual currency Virtual currency, or virtual money, is a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community. The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has warned investors against pump and dump schemes that use virtual currencies. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the US Treasury, defined virtual currency in its guidance published in 2013. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined virtual currency as \"a digital representation of value that is neither issued by a central bank or a public","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"8656488","text":"authority, nor necessarily attached to a fiat currency, but is accepted by natural or legal persons as a means of payment and can be transferred, stored or traded electronically\". By contrast, a digital currency that is issued by a central bank is defined as \"central bank digital currency\". In 2012, the European Central Bank defined virtual currency as \"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\". In 2013, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the US Treasury, in contrast","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"3317067","text":"have been written supporting the management of community currencies. In 1998, Richard Kay, a Senior Lecturer at Birmingham City University, wrote a \"Multi-registry System\" specification for routing and processing community currency transactions using an approach designed to be decentralized, with no single point of control or failure, using the Domain Name System for server discovery. Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local","title":"Community currency"},{"psg_id":"17953208","text":"the player's life). Katie Salen promotes games as a learning tool for the 21st century. She helped design and launch Quest to Learn where learning takes place by playing and exploring games. The curriculum is organized around the idea that \"digital games are central to the lives of today's children and also increasingly, as their speed and capabilities grow, powerful tools for intellectual exploration.\" What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy is a book by James Paul Gee that focuses on the learning principles in","title":"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy"},{"psg_id":"17953199","text":"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy is a book by James Paul Gee that focuses on the learning principles in video games and how these principles can be applied to the K-12 classroom. Video games can be used as tools to challenge players, when they are successful. They motivate players to persevere and simultaneously teach players how to play the game. These games give a glimpse into how one might create new and more powerful ways to learn in schools, communities, and workplaces. Gee","title":"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy"},{"psg_id":"5601481","text":"History of Chinese currency The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper money was invented in China in the 9th century, but the","title":"History of Chinese currency"},{"psg_id":"13879803","text":"Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees. Run by volunteers, there is no paid staff. Dr. Dean Nicolle began looking for land between Mount Compass and Strathalbyn in 1990 to create an arboretum. The specific soil type","title":"Currency Creek Arboretum"},{"psg_id":"17544507","text":"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \"Just Dance 2015\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \"What do the Foxes Say?\" in 442oons video. !scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"11958746","text":"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"psg_id":"11958748","text":"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"psg_id":"10796320","text":"Traders' currency tokens of the Isle of Man The traders' currency tokens of the Isle of Man were issued in 1668 and between 1811 and 1831 by various issuers. These tokens have the distinction of being the first Manx currency coins. They are denominated as 1 Penny. There are two types, and they are both extremely rare. The obverse of the Type I piece is inscribed 'HIS PENNY I M' within a beaded circle, and 'IOHN MVRREY 1668'. The reverse of this piece has the Triskelion with spurs at heels within a beaded circle. It is inscribed 'QVOCVNQVE GESSERIS STABIT'.","title":"Traders' currency tokens of the Isle of Man"},{"psg_id":"10945154","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"18109690","text":"What Will Happen to Us What Will Happen to Us () is a 2004 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Giovanni Veronesi. In Rome three friends end to give the exams in last year of grammar high school, and grant a lovely summer holiday in Greece, on the island of Santorini. Matteo is a young problematic and indifferent, which is hoping for a ransom of his controversial personality through love. Manuel is a gruff guy who hates his father, and hopes for a better future for himself, because he does not want to work at the pet store with her","title":"What Will Happen to Us"},{"psg_id":"13810770","text":"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\" Whitney Matheson of \"USA Today\" said that she \"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\" after watching \"What Kate Does\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \"one of Josh","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"15968633","text":"number of coins. Trays used to handle currency, often sorting by denomination. Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \"curled\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together","title":"Currency packaging"},{"psg_id":"2480282","text":"to other domestic considerations, and that the fixed exchange rate will, to a large extent, also fix a country's terms of trade, irrespective of economic differences between it and its trading partners. Typically, currency boards have advantages for small, open economies which would find independent monetary policy difficult to sustain. They can also form a credible commitment to low inflation. More than 70 countries have had currency boards. Currency boards were most widespread in the early and mid 20th century. Hong Kong operates a currency board (Hong Kong Monetary Authority), as does Bulgaria. Estonia had a currency board fixed to","title":"Currency board"},{"psg_id":"69241","text":"Several countries can use the same name for their own separate currencies (for example, \"dollar\" in Australia, Canada and the United States). By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency (for example, the euro or the CFA franc), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender. For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared US currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 to 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States. At various times countries have either re-stamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"5644206","text":"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \"textbook\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants","title":"Currency swap"},{"psg_id":"69220","text":"relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. Other definitions of the term \"currency\" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"15968631","text":"Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \"curled\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together in groups of 10 (1000 banknotes) and vacuumized. A cliche print containing","title":"Currency packaging"},{"psg_id":"3703477","text":"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \"does exactly what it says on the tube\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \"What It Says on the Tin\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"psg_id":"17544489","text":"Bay. The video is produced by Fredrik Kvåle Dørum and Jørgen Thue (Concorde TV). The forest scenes were filmed in Nittedal municipality, from Oslo downtown. The video begins with Bård singing at a costume party where other participants are dressed as different animals, whose appearances follow the progression of the lyrics. He gives a summary of animal sounds (\"Dog goes woof/cat goes meow\", etc.) that \"could have been lifted straight from a preschool primer\" and asks \"what does the fox say?\" The group then transitions into a synchronized dance scene in a forest with Bård in a bear costume and","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"9926460","text":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"8014931","text":"What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \"The Smiths\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \"Hatful of Hollow\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is among his least favourite songs","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"8050853","text":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8050855","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8014933","text":"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \"die very quickly\", and that he wanted to \"herald the death\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"9926463","text":"was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"11769266","text":"due to a dinar being used during the time of the life of Mohammed. Since Islamic economic jurisprudence prohibits interest, or 'riba,' there was speculation that the future GCC currency would be backed by gold. However, senior figures in the GCC administration have stated that the currency may be linked to the US Dollar or would tie-up with a basket of currencies in which the US Dollar would have a lion's share. The currencies of Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain are pegged to the US Dollar. Kuwait's Dinar is pegged to a basket of currencies including the","title":"Khaleeji (currency)"},{"psg_id":"15982878","text":"being the same type of American government devaluation of currency for which it is unduly accusing China. The legislation passed 63-35 in the senate mostly along party lines with most democrats and 16 republicans voting for it and most republicans and 5 democrats voting against it. The legislation was tabled in the house of representative, where it has received little attention in the 2011 session. Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2011 The Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2011 () is an international trade bill in the 112th United States Congress that would establish US tariffs on","title":"Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2011"},{"psg_id":"11312905","text":"What Remains of Us What Remains of Us () is a 2004 Canadian documentary film exploring the survival of the nonviolent resistance movement in Tibet. The documentary was shot over eight years without the knowledge of the Chinese authorities. A young Tibetan from Québec, Canada, enters her homeland for the first time — carrying a clandestine video message from the Dalai Lama to Tibetans inside Tibet. Released in 2004, the film raised controversy for showing the faces of 103 Tibetans speaking about human rights. Tibetans were informed of the purpose of the filming. The ones who appear made the choice","title":"What Remains of Us"},{"psg_id":"11312908","text":"(NFB). Later distributed in Canada by Films Séville. Despite the growing success of the film, worldwide distribution had been stopped by the NFB in January 2005 due to the rising costs of security measures surrounding the film. What Remains of Us What Remains of Us () is a 2004 Canadian documentary film exploring the survival of the nonviolent resistance movement in Tibet. The documentary was shot over eight years without the knowledge of the Chinese authorities. A young Tibetan from Québec, Canada, enters her homeland for the first time — carrying a clandestine video message from the Dalai Lama to","title":"What Remains of Us"},{"psg_id":"4105804","text":"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,","title":"Currency union"},{"psg_id":"6235907","text":"a dot or a dash. A widely traded currency pair is the relation of the euro against the US dollar, designated as EUR/USD. The quotation \"EUR/USD 1.2500\" means that one euro is exchanged for 1.2500 US dollars. Here, EUR is the base currency and USD is the quote currency(counter currency). This means that 1 Euro can be exchangeable to 1.25 US Dollars. The most traded currency pairs in the world are called the \"Majors\". They involve the currencies euro, US dollar, Japanese yen, pound sterling, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and the Swiss franc. Currency quotations use the abbreviations for currencies","title":"Currency pair"},{"psg_id":"13810761","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"14187980","text":"Currency transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions. The tax is associated with the financial sector and is a type of financial transaction tax, as opposed to a consumption tax paid by consumers, though the tax may be passed on by the financial institution to the customer. Currency transaction taxes have been proposed as taxes on domestic currency usage as part of the automated payment transaction (APT) tax and on international currency transactions, the Tobin tax and the Spahn tax. The automated payment transaction (APT) tax was","title":"Currency transaction tax"},{"psg_id":"5067790","text":"considered a form of alternative currency. Barters are another type of alternative currency. These are actually exchange systems, which only trade items; thus without the use of any currency whatsoever. Finally, LETS is a special form of barter which trades points for items. One point stands for one worker-hour of work. Complementary currencies are often designed intentionally to address specific issues, for example to increase financial stability. Most complementary currencies have multiple purposes and/or are intended to address multiple issues. They can be useful for communities that do not have access to financial capital, and for adjusting peoples' spending behavior.","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"8656493","text":"on average cost basis would restore fungibility to the currency. Virtual currencies have been called \"closed\" or \"fictional currency\" when they have no official connection to the real economy, for example, currencies in massively multiplayer online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft. While there may be a grey market for exchanging such currencies or other virtual assets for real-world assets, this is usually forbidden by the games' terms of service. This type of currency has been known for a long time in the form of customer incentive programs or loyalty programs. The first known coupon in history is probably","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"1507214","text":"Allocated foreign exchange reserves of countries have been in US dollars. For this reason, the US dollar is said to have \"reserve-currency status\", making it somewhat easier for the United States to run higher trade deficits with greatly postponed economic impact or even postponing a currency crisis. Central bank reserves held in dollar-denominated debt, however, are small compared to private holdings of such debt. In the event that non-United States holders of dollar-denominated assets decided to shift holdings to assets denominated in other currencies, there could be serious consequences for the US economy. Changes of this kind are rare, and","title":"Reserve currency"},{"psg_id":"3537244","text":"fonts. The original design was also exceptionally wide. These two factors have led to most typefaces employing customized, font-specific versions, usually with reduced width. Currency symbol A currency symbol is a graphic symbol used as a shorthand for a currency's name, especially in reference to amounts of money. Although several former currency symbols were rendered obsolete by the adoption of the euro, having a new and unique currency symbol implementation of which requires the adoption of new Unicode and type formats has now become a status symbol for international currencies. The European Commission considers the global recognition of the euro","title":"Currency symbol"},{"psg_id":"12848972","text":"Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI). The table below shows the statistics as of 31 December 2016 in billions of US dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the year. The total value is $4,687 billion. China is not part of the calculation and may be over a trillion dollars today. That leaves over 160 countries not calculated. The calculation also does not include Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ripple, whose total value in circulation exceeds one hundred billion dollars. Circulation (currency) In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for","title":"Circulation (currency)"},{"psg_id":"69242","text":"currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of or occasionally also occur. Some currencies do not have any smaller units at all, such as the Icelandic króna. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is in theory divided into","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"15809781","text":"a \"scapegoat\" for the US's failings. China accused the US of waging the currency war and that it has \"exercised financial policies characterised as 'economic egoism.'\" In April 2011, the \"Financial Times\" reported that Chinese officials have signalled 2016 as a date when they expect to stop intervening against their currency by buying dollar assets. Brazil is a large economy which has generally allowed their currency to float freely, with the exception of some low level interventions to counter large capital inflows resulting from major stock sales. As a result, since early 2009 her currency has risen substantially against the","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"16873801","text":"saying that \"What About Us\" is a pop track, and that is a good indication of what the expect from the album, and that they've paired up with Diane Warren to record a few ballads and not just pop tracks. \"What About Us\" is the only collaboration on the album. \"What About Us\" was confirmed as The Saturdays' first single to be released in North America, and would be released on 18 December 2012 to coincide with their American reality show, \"Chasing the Saturdays\". It was also revealed that the track would be released as the lead single from the","title":"What About Us (The Saturdays song)"},{"psg_id":"9615478","text":"What Have You Done \"What Have You Done\" is the first single from Dutch symphonic metal and rock band Within Temptation's fourth studio album \"The Heart of Everything\" (2007). The song features guest vocals from Life of Agony's lead singer Mina Caputo (then known as Keith Caputo) and it was released as the album's first single in early 2007 (see 2007 in music). It became their first charting single in Canada and in the United States. A new edit and version of the song was released in the US through iTunes on 26 June 2007. There are two music videos","title":"What Have You Done"},{"psg_id":"2673235","text":"type set of high-denomination currency was compiled. Notably missing are several types of Compound and Interest Bearing Notes. Printed during the early to mid-1860s on very thin paper, these high-denomination notes are virtually non-existent. Their issuance (1861–65) predates the BEP's responsibility for U.S. currency (1870s), so it is fortunate that any proofs exist in the current archives. Large denominations of United States currency Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and","title":"Large denominations of United States currency"},{"psg_id":"15018819","text":"Renminbi currency value Renminbi currency value is a debate affecting the Chinese currency unit, the \"renminbi\" ( Code:CNY). The \"renminbi\" is classified as a fixed exchange rate currency \"with reference to a basket of currencies\", which has drawn attention from nations which have freely floated currency and has become a source of trade friction with western nations Some economists have argued that the value of the \"renminbi\" should be allowed to appreciate by 20 to 40 percent against the US dollar. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the \"renminbi\" is undervalued somewhere between five and 27 percent. The \"renminbi\"","title":"Renminbi currency value"},{"psg_id":"8656495","text":"The virtual currency is akin to a coupon. Examples are frequent flyer programs by various airlines, Microsoft Points, Nintendo Points, Facebook Credits and Amazon Coin. A virtual currency that can be bought with and sold back for legal tender is called a convertible currency. It can be decentralized, as for example bitcoin. FinCEN defined centralized virtual currencies in 2013 as virtual currencies that have a \"centralized repository\", similar to a central bank, and a \"central administrator\". A decentralized currency was defined by the US Department of Treasury as a \"currency (1) that has no central repository and no single administrator,","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"4183559","text":"impossible to reverse a transaction, justified or not. It is very similar to cash. Advantages of this system include it being cheaper to operate, and transactions are instantaneous. Western Union, KlickEx and Bitcoin are examples of this type of currency. Soft electronic currencies are the opposite of hard electronic currencies. Payments can be reversed. Usually, when a payment is reversed there is a \"clearing time.\" This can take 72 hours or more. Examples of soft currencies are PayPal and any type of credit card. A hard currency can be \"softened\" with a third party service. Many existing digital currencies have","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"4256140","text":"On 10 April 2011, the Government announced a limited float of the currency within a band of 20% from the previous exchange rate of 12.80. Due to short supply of US Dollars, the official rate quoted by all banks as on 10 May stands as follows: Buy Rate USD 1.00 = MVR 14.42; Sell Rate USD 1.00 = MVR 15.42. Currency of Maldives Cowry shells (\"Cypraea moneta\"), or \"boli\", were the first known medium of exchange used in the Maldives. Various writers and travellers have in the past recorded the country’s trade in these money shells, which were used as","title":"Currency of Maldives"},{"psg_id":"3317066","text":"Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local currency, or it may be used within a business-based, or online community. Community currencies aim at using money as a tool to achieve social or environmental objectives. According to the New Economics Foundation partner Community Currencies in Action: Some of the purposes for community currencies identified by Community Currencies in Action include: Several software packages","title":"Community currency"},{"psg_id":"2105070","text":"the foreign-exchange reserves of countries: The US dollar (USD) has been considered a strong currency for much of its history. Despite the Nixon Shock of 1971, and the United States' growing fiscal and trade deficits, most of the world's monetary systems have been tied to the US dollar due to the Bretton Woods System and dollarization. Countries have thus been compelled to purchase dollars for their foreign exchange reserves, denominate their commodities in dollars for foreign trade, or even use dollars domestically, thus buoying the currency's value. The euro (EUR) has also been considered a hard currency for much of","title":"Hard currency"},{"psg_id":"16873813","text":"spot on the UK Singles Chart. This became the band's first ever number-one single in the United Kingdom. For every one copy that Timberlake's \"Mirrors\" sold, The Saturdays sold two more copies of \"What About Us\". \"What About Us\" sold 114,000 copies in the first week of release, making it, at the time, the fastest selling single of 2013. The track sold 40,000 copies more than Timberlake, who was pushed back to number-two on the UK Singles Charts. The band said they were thrilled to be the UK's number-one with \"What About Us\". They went on to thanking their fans","title":"What About Us (The Saturdays song)"},{"psg_id":"16873814","text":"for supporting the single and supporting them for the past five years. \"What About Us\" debuted at number six on the Irish Singles Chart, marking the band's fifth top ten single in that country. In the Oceanic region, \"What About Us\" made its debut at number thirty-six on the New Zealand Singles Chart. The music video for \"What About Us\" was filmed during the summer of 2012 in Los Angeles, while The Saturdays were filming their reality television series. The North American version of the video was released via The Saturdays' official Vevo account on YouTube on 11 January 2013.","title":"What About Us (The Saturdays song)"},{"psg_id":"16873805","text":"by a number of DJs including: Seamus Haji, Guy Scheiman, The Buzz Junkies and 2nd Adventure and this was also made available to purchase on 18 December 2012. While in the UK, the CD single was made available to be from stores from 18 March 2013. On the CD single featured \"What About Us\", the B-side \"Somebody Else's Life\". The band decided to release \"What About Us\" differently between the United Kingdom and the United States, \"What About Us\" was released onto the charts without any airplay and without a music video accompanying the release, something the band experienced in","title":"What About Us (The Saturdays song)"},{"psg_id":"16873816","text":"such as \"Chelsea Lately\", \"Daybreak\", \"Fashion Police\", \"Lorraine\", \"The Jeff Probst Show\", \"Loose Women\", \"\", \"Sunday Brunch\" and \"What's Cooking?\" to promote the single. \"What About Us\" was recorded at Rollover Studios in London. What About Us (The Saturdays song) \"What About Us\" is a single released by English-Irish girl group The Saturdays. Their first international single, it is the lead single from their first American-only release EP, \"Chasing the Saturdays\" (2013). It also acts as the second single from their fourth studio album \"Living for the Weekend\" (2013). The single was first released in the United States and Canada","title":"What About Us (The Saturdays song)"},{"psg_id":"15296683","text":"the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \"What Happened to Us\" on \"Dancing with the Stars Australia\" on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \"What Happened to Us\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part. Source: What Happened to Us \"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written","title":"What Happened to Us"},{"psg_id":"13844093","text":"Garry Egger, A community based emissions reduction currency scheme is a C4 type local currency in which local currency issues are backed by the emissions reductions of the schemes members. The local currency, when accepted for trade by other members or local businesses, thereby rewards participants for their efforts at global warming prevention. These currencies may have various degrees of convertibility into carbon saved, renewable energy, or national currency. The Edogawatt is a form of emissions reduction currency used in Edogawa, Tokyo that is an initiative of the local Jōdo Shinshū Jukou-in temple. In this scheme, the temple and devotees","title":"Emissions Reduction Currency System"},{"psg_id":"15296676","text":"What Happened to Us \"What Happened to Us\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \"What Happened to Us\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, \"Get 'Em Girls\" (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics. A remix of \"What Happened to Us\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of","title":"What Happened to Us"},{"psg_id":"1510845","text":"formerly belonging to the Ottoman Empire, are called \"pound\" in English, while in the local languages their official name is \"lira\". The pound sterling is also the currency of the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory and British Indian Ocean Territory. All of the following currencies have been replaced by the US dollar. Pound (currency) The pound is a unit of currency in some nations. The term originated in the Frankish Empire as a result of Charlemagne's currency reform (\"pound\" from Latin \"pondus\", a unity of weight) and was subsequently taken to","title":"Pound (currency)"},{"psg_id":"1701666","text":"political and historical factors. In all long-standing currency substitution cases, historical and political reasons have been more influential than an evaluation of the economic effects of currency substitution. Panama adopted the US dollar as legal tender after independence as the result of a constitutional ruling. Ecuador and El Salvador became fully dollarized economies in 2000 and 2001 respectively, for different reasons. Ecuador underwent currency substitution to deal with a widespread political and financial crisis resulting from massive loss of confidence in its political and monetary institutions. By contrast, El Salvador's official currency substitution was a result of internal debates and","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"16873811","text":"Auto-Tuned chorus was not need; \"The Auto-Tune seems extraneous, because the Saturdays can actually sing well without it.\" She end the review by labeling their latest effort as \"generic\" and \"not the best the Saturdays have to offer\", also rating it two and a half stars out of five. \"What About Us\" debuted at number 44 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Songs chart for the week dated 8 December 2012. This marks their first ever chart entry in the United States and it has since peaked at number twenty-seven. The song debuted at number 79 on the Canadian","title":"What About Us (The Saturdays song)"},{"psg_id":"9501048","text":"seventh century, these currencies (alongside other reforms) were based off the Chinese system and were therefore based on the Chinese units of measurement. In modern times the usage of \"Fuhonsen\" has often been interpreted as charms rather than currency but recent discoveries have uncovered that these copper coins were in fact the first government-made coinage of Japan. Japan's first formal currency system was the \"Kōchōsen\" (Japanese: 皇朝銭, \"Imperial currency\"). It was exemplified by the adoption of Japan's first official coin type, the \"Wadōkaichin\". It was first minted in 708 CE on order of Empress Genmei, Japan's 43rd Imperial ruler. \"\"Wadōkaichin\"\"","title":"Japanese currency"},{"psg_id":"15809787","text":"US, and Financial Times journalists have suggested that if China returned to a fixed peg against the dollar this could re-ignite the Currency War, especially if the move coincided with the US presidential election campaign. Also in March 2012, Brazil's president Rousseff said her country was still experiencing undesirable upwards pressure on her currency, with her Finance Minister Guido Mantega saying Brazil will no longer \"play the fool\" and allow others to get away with competitive devaluation, announcing new measures aimed at limiting further appreciation for the Real. In June 2012, the \"Financial Times\" reported that while international trade remained","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"4957578","text":"Commodity currency A commodity currency is a name given to some currencies that co-move with the world prices of primary commodity products, due to these countries' heavy dependency on the export of certain raw materials for income. Commodity currencies are most popular in developing countries (eg. Burundi, Tanzania, Papua New Guinea). However developed countries like Canada and Australia can also have this type of currency. For example, the Canadian Dollar grows stronger, the higher the price of soybeans and oil because these are Canada's two major commodities. In the foreign exchange market, commodity currencies generally refer to the Australian dollar,","title":"Commodity currency"},{"psg_id":"6367409","text":"Dominican Republic where it is acceptable in many places, including airports to pay temporary visa fees for non-US/Dominican visits; Iraq, where United States commercial, governmental and military involvement due to the Iraq War and the Iraqi Dinar's low value has made the US dollar highly preferred; East Timor, Lebanon, El Salvador, Ecuador and Panama. The disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia have the Russian ruble as their de facto currency. Due to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe in 2006 to 2008, the government of Zimbabwe has allowed circulation of foreign currency since September 2008 and local currency became obsolete since 12","title":"De facto currency"},{"psg_id":"1701668","text":"the share of all foreign currency deposits held by domestic residents at home and abroad in their total monetary assets. Unofficial currency substitution or de facto currency substitution is the most common type of currency substitution. Unofficial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets in foreign currency, even though the foreign currency is not legal tender there. They hold deposits in the foreign currency because of a bad track record of the local currency, or as a hedge against inflation of the domestic currency. Official currency substitution or full","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"8050854","text":"lyrics of the Beatles song \"She Said, She Said\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\" \"Trouser Press\" called it \"even better\" than \"Script of the Bridge\", \"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"17544677","text":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward","title":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency"},{"psg_id":"3703475","text":"Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases \"by name and by nature\" and \"it lives up to its name\". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"psg_id":"9875835","text":"While Keating remains optimistic even after becoming paralyzed, Ambrose loses hope. Ultimately, both Keating and Ambrose die, and Wing is left alone to deliver a monologue in Chinese. The premiere tour of \"What Lies Before Us\" featured: What Lies Before Us What Lies Before Us is a comedic play by Morris Panych. It takes place in the Canadian Rocky Mountains in 1884, where a railway survey team, Keating and Ambrose, and their Chinese servant Wing, are stranded after being abandoned by their wilderness guide. Keating and Ambrose argue over what to do - winter approaches and their food supply is","title":"What Lies Before Us"},{"psg_id":"16873802","text":"band's North America released only Extended play, \"Chasing the Saturdays\", which was named after the show. Some critics said that releasing \"What About Us\" from an EP for the US market was a \"wise decision\". One critic said: For, throwing out a traditional release on the back of a show that isn't (yet) a hit would ultimately be setting them up for failure. What's more, the EP allows their \"storyline\" for the next season of the show (should there be one) to revolve around recording an album. In the United Kingdom, it was revealed that \"What About Us\" would be","title":"What About Us (The Saturdays song)"},{"psg_id":"16873806","text":"the UK, with \"Notorious\". Whereas in the UK, \"What About Us\" was released with airplay and the music video being released before the release of the single. During this time, Frankie Sandford became ambassadors for mental health after Sandford battled depression. The band said they choose \"What About Us\" to be the lead single in the US and follow-up single from \"30 Days\" because they all loved it once they demoed it and it gave them a \"really good feeling\" They also said it is a fresh start for a new album, with a \"reggae vibe\", but still a pop","title":"What About Us (The Saturdays song)"},{"psg_id":"15809758","text":"reputation for avoiding government intervention in favour of free market policies. Brazil's finance minister Guido Mantega who had raised the alarm about a currency war back in September, warned that matters were beginning to escalate into a trade war. He expressed concerns about the economic policies of both China and the US. By February, the US had stepped up diplomatic efforts to persuade emerging economies such as Brazil and India that China's intervention was the root cause of the currency war. However the US once again refrained from labelling China a currency manipulator. A Treasury report said that allowing for","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"13810777","text":"that it by no means compared to \"LA X\", but stated that it \"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \"freakin' outstanding\" and called \"What Kate Does\" \"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810766","text":"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \"What Kate Does\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \"generally favorable","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"7664539","text":"is generally increased by adding currency exposure, yet there is no risk premium earned for that added volatility in the long term. Thus investors with international portfolios often hedge their currency risk, normally using forward currency contracts, currency swaps, currency futures contracts, or currency options. Currency hedging can be done passively or actively. The stream of returns from passive currency overlay is negatively correlated with international equities, has an expected return of zero, and does not employ any capital. The overlay manager uses forward contracts to match the portfolio’s currency exposures in such a way as to insure against exchange","title":"Currency overlay"},{"psg_id":"19076702","text":"printed. Outside of the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money for specialized issues, images of the last two types could not be found. The known population of remaining siege of Khartoum notes varies by denomination from the first type 100 piastre note (roughly 1,250 known) to the 50 Egyptian pound note (roughly 12 known). Presumably there are fewer still of the one piaster, second type 100 piastre, and 20 British pound notes. Siege of Khartoum currency Siege of Khartoum currency, an emergency paper money, was issued by Governor-General of the Sudan, British Major-General Charles George Gordon during the Siege of","title":"Siege of Khartoum currency"},{"psg_id":"2105074","text":"more stable, making it a harder currency than the ruble. A tourist could get 200 rubles per US dollar in June 1992, and 500 rubles per USD in November 1992. In some economies, which may be either planned economies or market economies using a soft currency, there are special stores that accept only hard currency. Examples have included Tuzex stores in the former Czechoslovakia, Intershops in East Germany or Friendship stores in China in the early 1990s. These stores offer a wider variety of goods many of which are scarce or imported than standard stores. Because hard currencies may be","title":"Hard currency"},{"psg_id":"11987426","text":"fixed IMF parity and introduced a fluctuating free market rate on 13 May 1955, set initially at 4.17 per US dollar. There was steady deterioration of the exchange rate; an attempt to hold it at 13.50 per US dollar in 1966 failed. The annual average fell to 31.20 per dollar in 1975, 47.28 per in 1980, 142.31 per in 1985, 502.26 per in 1990, and 988 per in 1995. Currency of Colombia Currency in Colombia has been used since 1622. It was in that year, under a licence purchased from King Philip III of Spain, that Turrillo de Yebra established","title":"Currency of Colombia"},{"psg_id":"5644214","text":"currency exchange have since become rare, savings are still available from back-to-back loans due to comparative advantage. The first formal currency swap, as opposed to the then used parallel loans structure, was transacted by Citicorp International Bank for a $US100,000,000 10 year US Dollar Sterling swap between Mobil Oil Corporation and General Electric Corporation Ltd (UK). The concept of the interest rate swap was developed by the Citicorp International Swap unit but cross-currency interest rate swaps were introduced by the World Bank in 1981 to obtain Swiss francs and German marks by exchanging cash flows with IBM. This deal was","title":"Currency swap"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183543\",\n \"text\": \"Central Bank as \\\"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\\\". The US Department of Treasury in 2013 defined it more tersely as \\\"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\\\". The key attribute a virtual currency does not have according to these definitions, is the status as legal tender. Since 2001, the European Union has implemented the E-Money Directive \\\"on the taking up, pursuit and prudential\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810767\",\n \"text\": \"reviews\\\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \\\" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the episode as \\\"contemplative\\\", \\\"anticlimactic\\\" and \\\"subdued\\\" and the flash sideways as \\\"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\\\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \\\" 'What Kate\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7149505\",\n \"text\": \"What the Ancients Did for Us What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society. The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather than half an hour (though heavily edited half-hour versions have also been shown), but also in that it does not concentrate on a single period of history but rather one ancient civilization per episode including the Chinese, the Indians\",\n \"title\": \"What the Ancients Did for Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544483\",\n \"text\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. \\\"The Fox\\\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809740\",\n \"text\": \"the extent of hostility, but the term has been widely used by the media since Brazil's finance ministers Guido Mantega September 2010 announcement that a \\\"currency war\\\" had broken out. Other commentators including world statesmen such as Manmohan Singh and Guido Mantega suggested a \\\"currency war\\\" was indeed underway and that the leading participants are China and the US, though since 2009 many other states have been taking measures to either devalue or at least check the appreciation of their currencies. The US does not acknowledge that it is practicing competitive devaluation and its official policy is to let the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701670\",\n \"text\": \"currency substitution by adopting the US dollar as legal tender in 1904. This type of currency substitution is also known as de jure currency substitution. Currency substitution can be used semiofficially (or officially bimonetary systems), where the foreign currency is legal tender alongside the domestic currency. In literature, there is a set of related definitions of currency substitution such as external liability currency substitution, domestic liability currency substitution, banking sector's liability currency substitution or deposit currency substitution, and credit dollarlization. External liability currency substitution measures total external debt (private and public) denominated in foreign currencies of the economy. Deposit currency\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810778\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810760\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656489\",\n \"text\": \"to its regulations defining currency as \\\"the coin and paper money of the United States or of any other country that [i] is designated as legal tender and that [ii] circulates and [iii] is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance\\\", also called \\\"real currency\\\" by FinCEN, defined virtual currency as \\\"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\\\". In particular, virtual currency does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980607\",\n \"text\": \"sitcom\\\". Writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\" in February 2015, Priya Elan judged that, \\\"Standup comedian Stephen K Amos's jaunty sitcom \\\"What Does The K Stand For?\\\" (Radio 4) reaches the end of its second series with possibly the best episode yet. With shades of Chris Rock's \\\"Everybody Hates Chris\\\", Amos takes us back to his 80s childhood, growing up gay and black in a dysfunctional household\\\". However, he added, \\\"Playing it broad by mixing farce with double entendres, the sitcom is slightly uneven: although the family are drawn with wit and sympathy, minor characters like the actress turned teacher Miss Bliss\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663178\",\n \"text\": \"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \\\"What Does The Bee Do?\\\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \\\"IGN\\\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \\\"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\\\" \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" rated the episode an \\\"A-\\\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663175\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the Bee Do? \\\"What Does the Bee Do?\\\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \\\"Boardwalk Empire\\\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601511\",\n \"text\": \"as the main foreign trade and exchange bank. Foreign visitors to China were required to conduct transactions with Foreign Exchange Certificates issued by the Bank of China between 1979 and 1994. These have been abolished, and all transactions now occur in Renminbi. History of Chinese currency The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used\",\n \"title\": \"History of Chinese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183541\",\n \"text\": \"bitcoin is a digital currency but also a type of virtual currency. Bitcoin and its alternatives are based on cryptographic algorithms, so these kinds of virtual currencies are also called cryptocurrencies. Most of the traditional money supply is bank money held on computers. This is also considered digital currency. One could argue that our increasingly cashless society means that all currencies are becoming digital, but they are not presented to us as such. Currency can be exchanged electronically using debit cards and credit cards using electronic funds transfer at point of sale. A number of electronic money systems use contactless\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656487\",\n \"text\": \"Virtual currency Virtual currency, or virtual money, is a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community. The U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission has warned investors against pump and dump schemes that use virtual currencies. The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the US Treasury, defined virtual currency in its guidance published in 2013. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined virtual currency as \\\"a digital representation of value that is neither issued by a central bank or a public\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656488\",\n \"text\": \"authority, nor necessarily attached to a fiat currency, but is accepted by natural or legal persons as a means of payment and can be transferred, stored or traded electronically\\\". By contrast, a digital currency that is issued by a central bank is defined as \\\"central bank digital currency\\\". In 2012, the European Central Bank defined virtual currency as \\\"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\\\". In 2013, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a bureau of the US Treasury, in contrast\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3317067\",\n \"text\": \"have been written supporting the management of community currencies. In 1998, Richard Kay, a Senior Lecturer at Birmingham City University, wrote a \\\"Multi-registry System\\\" specification for routing and processing community currency transactions using an approach designed to be decentralized, with no single point of control or failure, using the Domain Name System for server discovery. Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local\",\n \"title\": \"Community currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17953208\",\n \"text\": \"the player's life). Katie Salen promotes games as a learning tool for the 21st century. She helped design and launch Quest to Learn where learning takes place by playing and exploring games. The curriculum is organized around the idea that \\\"digital games are central to the lives of today's children and also increasingly, as their speed and capabilities grow, powerful tools for intellectual exploration.\\\" What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy is a book by James Paul Gee that focuses on the learning principles in\",\n \"title\": \"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17953199\",\n \"text\": \"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy is a book by James Paul Gee that focuses on the learning principles in video games and how these principles can be applied to the K-12 classroom. Video games can be used as tools to challenge players, when they are successful. They motivate players to persevere and simultaneously teach players how to play the game. These games give a glimpse into how one might create new and more powerful ways to learn in schools, communities, and workplaces. Gee\",\n \"title\": \"What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5601481\",\n \"text\": \"History of Chinese currency The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. Around 210 BC, the first emperor of China Qin Shi Huang (260–210 BC) abolished all other forms of local currency and introduced a uniform copper coin. Paper money was invented in China in the 9th century, but the\",\n \"title\": \"History of Chinese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13879803\",\n \"text\": \"Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees. Run by volunteers, there is no paid staff. Dr. Dean Nicolle began looking for land between Mount Compass and Strathalbyn in 1990 to create an arboretum. The specific soil type\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Creek Arboretum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544507\",\n \"text\": \"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \\\"Just Dance 2015\\\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \\\"What do the Foxes Say?\\\" in 442oons video. !scope=\\\"col\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11958746\",\n \"text\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11958748\",\n \"text\": \"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10796320\",\n \"text\": \"Traders' currency tokens of the Isle of Man The traders' currency tokens of the Isle of Man were issued in 1668 and between 1811 and 1831 by various issuers. These tokens have the distinction of being the first Manx currency coins. They are denominated as 1 Penny. There are two types, and they are both extremely rare. The obverse of the Type I piece is inscribed 'HIS PENNY I M' within a beaded circle, and 'IOHN MVRREY 1668'. The reverse of this piece has the Triskelion with spurs at heels within a beaded circle. It is inscribed 'QVOCVNQVE GESSERIS STABIT'.\",\n \"title\": \"Traders' currency tokens of the Isle of Man\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945154\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18109690\",\n \"text\": \"What Will Happen to Us What Will Happen to Us () is a 2004 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Giovanni Veronesi. In Rome three friends end to give the exams in last year of grammar high school, and grant a lovely summer holiday in Greece, on the island of Santorini. Matteo is a young problematic and indifferent, which is hoping for a ransom of his controversial personality through love. Manuel is a gruff guy who hates his father, and hopes for a better future for himself, because he does not want to work at the pet store with her\",\n \"title\": \"What Will Happen to Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810770\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\\\" Whitney Matheson of \\\"USA Today\\\" said that she \\\"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\\\" after watching \\\"What Kate Does\\\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \\\"one of Josh\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15968633\",\n \"text\": \"number of coins. Trays used to handle currency, often sorting by denomination. Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \\\"curled\\\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together\",\n \"title\": \"Currency packaging\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480282\",\n \"text\": \"to other domestic considerations, and that the fixed exchange rate will, to a large extent, also fix a country's terms of trade, irrespective of economic differences between it and its trading partners. Typically, currency boards have advantages for small, open economies which would find independent monetary policy difficult to sustain. They can also form a credible commitment to low inflation. More than 70 countries have had currency boards. Currency boards were most widespread in the early and mid 20th century. Hong Kong operates a currency board (Hong Kong Monetary Authority), as does Bulgaria. Estonia had a currency board fixed to\",\n \"title\": \"Currency board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69241\",\n \"text\": \"Several countries can use the same name for their own separate currencies (for example, \\\"dollar\\\" in Australia, Canada and the United States). By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency (for example, the euro or the CFA franc), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender. For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared US currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 to 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States. At various times countries have either re-stamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5644206\",\n \"text\": \"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \\\"textbook\\\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants\",\n \"title\": \"Currency swap\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69220\",\n \"text\": \"relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are defined by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance. Other definitions of the term \\\"currency\\\" are discussed in their respective synonymous articles banknote, coin, and money. The latter definition, pertaining to the currency systems of nations, is the topic of this article. Currencies can be classified into two monetary systems: fiat money and commodity money, depending on what guarantees the value (the economy at large vs. the government's physical metal reserves). Some currencies are legal tender in certain political jurisdictions. Others are simply traded for their economic\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15968631\",\n \"text\": \"Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \\\"curled\\\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together in groups of 10 (1000 banknotes) and vacuumized. A cliche print containing\",\n \"title\": \"Currency packaging\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3703477\",\n \"text\": \"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \\\"does exactly what it says on the tube\\\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \\\"What It Says on the Tin\\\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544489\",\n \"text\": \"Bay. The video is produced by Fredrik Kvåle Dørum and Jørgen Thue (Concorde TV). The forest scenes were filmed in Nittedal municipality, from Oslo downtown. The video begins with Bård singing at a costume party where other participants are dressed as different animals, whose appearances follow the progression of the lyrics. He gives a summary of animal sounds (\\\"Dog goes woof/cat goes meow\\\", etc.) that \\\"could have been lifted straight from a preschool primer\\\" and asks \\\"what does the fox say?\\\" The group then transitions into a synchronized dance scene in a forest with Bård in a bear costume and\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926460\",\n \"text\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \\\"nigga\\\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \\\"Scoopy Rap\\\" and \\\"Family Rap\\\" in 1979, and \\\"New York\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014931\",\n \"text\": \"What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \\\"The Smiths\\\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \\\"Hatful of Hollow\\\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is among his least favourite songs\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050853\",\n \"text\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050855\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014933\",\n \"text\": \"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \\\"The Tube\\\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \\\"die very quickly\\\", and that he wanted to \\\"herald the death\\\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926463\",\n \"text\": \"was first used on the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll\\\" which later became \\\"You'll Be Under My Wheels\\\". The second time they used it is from a song called \\\"Lyrical Terrorist\\\" which later became \\\"Serial Thrilla\\\", but it was soon used on the album \\\"The Day Is My Enemy\\\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11769266\",\n \"text\": \"due to a dinar being used during the time of the life of Mohammed. Since Islamic economic jurisprudence prohibits interest, or 'riba,' there was speculation that the future GCC currency would be backed by gold. However, senior figures in the GCC administration have stated that the currency may be linked to the US Dollar or would tie-up with a basket of currencies in which the US Dollar would have a lion's share. The currencies of Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain are pegged to the US Dollar. Kuwait's Dinar is pegged to a basket of currencies including the\",\n \"title\": \"Khaleeji (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15982878\",\n \"text\": \"being the same type of American government devaluation of currency for which it is unduly accusing China. The legislation passed 63-35 in the senate mostly along party lines with most democrats and 16 republicans voting for it and most republicans and 5 democrats voting against it. The legislation was tabled in the house of representative, where it has received little attention in the 2011 session. Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2011 The Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2011 () is an international trade bill in the 112th United States Congress that would establish US tariffs on\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2011\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11312905\",\n \"text\": \"What Remains of Us What Remains of Us () is a 2004 Canadian documentary film exploring the survival of the nonviolent resistance movement in Tibet. The documentary was shot over eight years without the knowledge of the Chinese authorities. A young Tibetan from Québec, Canada, enters her homeland for the first time — carrying a clandestine video message from the Dalai Lama to Tibetans inside Tibet. Released in 2004, the film raised controversy for showing the faces of 103 Tibetans speaking about human rights. Tibetans were informed of the purpose of the filming. The ones who appear made the choice\",\n \"title\": \"What Remains of Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11312908\",\n \"text\": \"(NFB). Later distributed in Canada by Films Séville. Despite the growing success of the film, worldwide distribution had been stopped by the NFB in January 2005 due to the rising costs of security measures surrounding the film. What Remains of Us What Remains of Us () is a 2004 Canadian documentary film exploring the survival of the nonviolent resistance movement in Tibet. The documentary was shot over eight years without the knowledge of the Chinese authorities. A young Tibetan from Québec, Canada, enters her homeland for the first time — carrying a clandestine video message from the Dalai Lama to\",\n \"title\": \"What Remains of Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4105804\",\n \"text\": \"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6235907\",\n \"text\": \"a dot or a dash. A widely traded currency pair is the relation of the euro against the US dollar, designated as EUR/USD. The quotation \\\"EUR/USD 1.2500\\\" means that one euro is exchanged for 1.2500 US dollars. Here, EUR is the base currency and USD is the quote currency(counter currency). This means that 1 Euro can be exchangeable to 1.25 US Dollars. The most traded currency pairs in the world are called the \\\"Majors\\\". They involve the currencies euro, US dollar, Japanese yen, pound sterling, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and the Swiss franc. Currency quotations use the abbreviations for currencies\",\n \"title\": \"Currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810761\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14187980\",\n \"text\": \"Currency transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions. The tax is associated with the financial sector and is a type of financial transaction tax, as opposed to a consumption tax paid by consumers, though the tax may be passed on by the financial institution to the customer. Currency transaction taxes have been proposed as taxes on domestic currency usage as part of the automated payment transaction (APT) tax and on international currency transactions, the Tobin tax and the Spahn tax. The automated payment transaction (APT) tax was\",\n \"title\": \"Currency transaction tax\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067790\",\n \"text\": \"considered a form of alternative currency. Barters are another type of alternative currency. These are actually exchange systems, which only trade items; thus without the use of any currency whatsoever. Finally, LETS is a special form of barter which trades points for items. One point stands for one worker-hour of work. Complementary currencies are often designed intentionally to address specific issues, for example to increase financial stability. Most complementary currencies have multiple purposes and/or are intended to address multiple issues. They can be useful for communities that do not have access to financial capital, and for adjusting peoples' spending behavior.\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656493\",\n \"text\": \"on average cost basis would restore fungibility to the currency. Virtual currencies have been called \\\"closed\\\" or \\\"fictional currency\\\" when they have no official connection to the real economy, for example, currencies in massively multiplayer online role-playing games such as World of Warcraft. While there may be a grey market for exchanging such currencies or other virtual assets for real-world assets, this is usually forbidden by the games' terms of service. This type of currency has been known for a long time in the form of customer incentive programs or loyalty programs. The first known coupon in history is probably\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1507214\",\n \"text\": \"Allocated foreign exchange reserves of countries have been in US dollars. For this reason, the US dollar is said to have \\\"reserve-currency status\\\", making it somewhat easier for the United States to run higher trade deficits with greatly postponed economic impact or even postponing a currency crisis. Central bank reserves held in dollar-denominated debt, however, are small compared to private holdings of such debt. In the event that non-United States holders of dollar-denominated assets decided to shift holdings to assets denominated in other currencies, there could be serious consequences for the US economy. Changes of this kind are rare, and\",\n \"title\": \"Reserve currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3537244\",\n \"text\": \"fonts. The original design was also exceptionally wide. These two factors have led to most typefaces employing customized, font-specific versions, usually with reduced width. Currency symbol A currency symbol is a graphic symbol used as a shorthand for a currency's name, especially in reference to amounts of money. Although several former currency symbols were rendered obsolete by the adoption of the euro, having a new and unique currency symbol implementation of which requires the adoption of new Unicode and type formats has now become a status symbol for international currencies. The European Commission considers the global recognition of the euro\",\n \"title\": \"Currency symbol\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12848972\",\n \"text\": \"Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI). The table below shows the statistics as of 31 December 2016 in billions of US dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the year. The total value is $4,687 billion. China is not part of the calculation and may be over a trillion dollars today. That leaves over 160 countries not calculated. The calculation also does not include Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ripple, whose total value in circulation exceeds one hundred billion dollars. Circulation (currency) In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for\",\n \"title\": \"Circulation (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69242\",\n \"text\": \"currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of or occasionally also occur. Some currencies do not have any smaller units at all, such as the Icelandic króna. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is in theory divided into\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809781\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"scapegoat\\\" for the US's failings. China accused the US of waging the currency war and that it has \\\"exercised financial policies characterised as 'economic egoism.'\\\" In April 2011, the \\\"Financial Times\\\" reported that Chinese officials have signalled 2016 as a date when they expect to stop intervening against their currency by buying dollar assets. Brazil is a large economy which has generally allowed their currency to float freely, with the exception of some low level interventions to counter large capital inflows resulting from major stock sales. As a result, since early 2009 her currency has risen substantially against the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16873801\",\n \"text\": \"saying that \\\"What About Us\\\" is a pop track, and that is a good indication of what the expect from the album, and that they've paired up with Diane Warren to record a few ballads and not just pop tracks. \\\"What About Us\\\" is the only collaboration on the album. \\\"What About Us\\\" was confirmed as The Saturdays' first single to be released in North America, and would be released on 18 December 2012 to coincide with their American reality show, \\\"Chasing the Saturdays\\\". It was also revealed that the track would be released as the lead single from the\",\n \"title\": \"What About Us (The Saturdays song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9615478\",\n \"text\": \"What Have You Done \\\"What Have You Done\\\" is the first single from Dutch symphonic metal and rock band Within Temptation's fourth studio album \\\"The Heart of Everything\\\" (2007). The song features guest vocals from Life of Agony's lead singer Mina Caputo (then known as Keith Caputo) and it was released as the album's first single in early 2007 (see 2007 in music). It became their first charting single in Canada and in the United States. A new edit and version of the song was released in the US through iTunes on 26 June 2007. There are two music videos\",\n \"title\": \"What Have You Done\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2673235\",\n \"text\": \"type set of high-denomination currency was compiled. Notably missing are several types of Compound and Interest Bearing Notes. Printed during the early to mid-1860s on very thin paper, these high-denomination notes are virtually non-existent. Their issuance (1861–65) predates the BEP's responsibility for U.S. currency (1870s), so it is fortunate that any proofs exist in the current archives. Large denominations of United States currency Large denominations of United States currency greater than $100 were circulated by the United States Treasury until 1969. Since then, U.S. dollar banknotes have only been issued in seven denominations: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and\",\n \"title\": \"Large denominations of United States currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15018819\",\n \"text\": \"Renminbi currency value Renminbi currency value is a debate affecting the Chinese currency unit, the \\\"renminbi\\\" ( Code:CNY). The \\\"renminbi\\\" is classified as a fixed exchange rate currency \\\"with reference to a basket of currencies\\\", which has drawn attention from nations which have freely floated currency and has become a source of trade friction with western nations Some economists have argued that the value of the \\\"renminbi\\\" should be allowed to appreciate by 20 to 40 percent against the US dollar. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the \\\"renminbi\\\" is undervalued somewhere between five and 27 percent. The \\\"renminbi\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Renminbi currency value\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656495\",\n \"text\": \"The virtual currency is akin to a coupon. Examples are frequent flyer programs by various airlines, Microsoft Points, Nintendo Points, Facebook Credits and Amazon Coin. A virtual currency that can be bought with and sold back for legal tender is called a convertible currency. It can be decentralized, as for example bitcoin. FinCEN defined centralized virtual currencies in 2013 as virtual currencies that have a \\\"centralized repository\\\", similar to a central bank, and a \\\"central administrator\\\". A decentralized currency was defined by the US Department of Treasury as a \\\"currency (1) that has no central repository and no single administrator,\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183559\",\n \"text\": \"impossible to reverse a transaction, justified or not. It is very similar to cash. Advantages of this system include it being cheaper to operate, and transactions are instantaneous. Western Union, KlickEx and Bitcoin are examples of this type of currency. Soft electronic currencies are the opposite of hard electronic currencies. Payments can be reversed. Usually, when a payment is reversed there is a \\\"clearing time.\\\" This can take 72 hours or more. Examples of soft currencies are PayPal and any type of credit card. A hard currency can be \\\"softened\\\" with a third party service. Many existing digital currencies have\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4256140\",\n \"text\": \"On 10 April 2011, the Government announced a limited float of the currency within a band of 20% from the previous exchange rate of 12.80. Due to short supply of US Dollars, the official rate quoted by all banks as on 10 May stands as follows: Buy Rate USD 1.00 = MVR 14.42; Sell Rate USD 1.00 = MVR 15.42. Currency of Maldives Cowry shells (\\\"Cypraea moneta\\\"), or \\\"boli\\\", were the first known medium of exchange used in the Maldives. Various writers and travellers have in the past recorded the country’s trade in these money shells, which were used as\",\n \"title\": \"Currency of Maldives\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3317066\",\n \"text\": \"Community currency A community currency is a type of complementary currency that is used by groups with a common bond, like members of a locality, or association, and designed to meet their needs. A community currency may be geography-based, making it a type of local currency, or it may be used within a business-based, or online community. Community currencies aim at using money as a tool to achieve social or environmental objectives. According to the New Economics Foundation partner Community Currencies in Action: Some of the purposes for community currencies identified by Community Currencies in Action include: Several software packages\",\n \"title\": \"Community currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2105070\",\n \"text\": \"the foreign-exchange reserves of countries: The US dollar (USD) has been considered a strong currency for much of its history. Despite the Nixon Shock of 1971, and the United States' growing fiscal and trade deficits, most of the world's monetary systems have been tied to the US dollar due to the Bretton Woods System and dollarization. Countries have thus been compelled to purchase dollars for their foreign exchange reserves, denominate their commodities in dollars for foreign trade, or even use dollars domestically, thus buoying the currency's value. The euro (EUR) has also been considered a hard currency for much of\",\n \"title\": \"Hard currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16873813\",\n \"text\": \"spot on the UK Singles Chart. This became the band's first ever number-one single in the United Kingdom. For every one copy that Timberlake's \\\"Mirrors\\\" sold, The Saturdays sold two more copies of \\\"What About Us\\\". \\\"What About Us\\\" sold 114,000 copies in the first week of release, making it, at the time, the fastest selling single of 2013. The track sold 40,000 copies more than Timberlake, who was pushed back to number-two on the UK Singles Charts. The band said they were thrilled to be the UK's number-one with \\\"What About Us\\\". They went on to thanking their fans\",\n \"title\": \"What About Us (The Saturdays song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16873814\",\n \"text\": \"for supporting the single and supporting them for the past five years. \\\"What About Us\\\" debuted at number six on the Irish Singles Chart, marking the band's fifth top ten single in that country. In the Oceanic region, \\\"What About Us\\\" made its debut at number thirty-six on the New Zealand Singles Chart. The music video for \\\"What About Us\\\" was filmed during the summer of 2012 in Los Angeles, while The Saturdays were filming their reality television series. The North American version of the video was released via The Saturdays' official Vevo account on YouTube on 11 January 2013.\",\n \"title\": \"What About Us (The Saturdays song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16873805\",\n \"text\": \"by a number of DJs including: Seamus Haji, Guy Scheiman, The Buzz Junkies and 2nd Adventure and this was also made available to purchase on 18 December 2012. While in the UK, the CD single was made available to be from stores from 18 March 2013. On the CD single featured \\\"What About Us\\\", the B-side \\\"Somebody Else's Life\\\". The band decided to release \\\"What About Us\\\" differently between the United Kingdom and the United States, \\\"What About Us\\\" was released onto the charts without any airplay and without a music video accompanying the release, something the band experienced in\",\n \"title\": \"What About Us (The Saturdays song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16873816\",\n \"text\": \"such as \\\"Chelsea Lately\\\", \\\"Daybreak\\\", \\\"Fashion Police\\\", \\\"Lorraine\\\", \\\"The Jeff Probst Show\\\", \\\"Loose Women\\\", \\\"\\\", \\\"Sunday Brunch\\\" and \\\"What's Cooking?\\\" to promote the single. \\\"What About Us\\\" was recorded at Rollover Studios in London. What About Us (The Saturdays song) \\\"What About Us\\\" is a single released by English-Irish girl group The Saturdays. Their first international single, it is the lead single from their first American-only release EP, \\\"Chasing the Saturdays\\\" (2013). It also acts as the second single from their fourth studio album \\\"Living for the Weekend\\\" (2013). The single was first released in the United States and Canada\",\n \"title\": \"What About Us (The Saturdays song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15296683\",\n \"text\": \"the song with Stan Walker during the Australian leg of Chris Brown's F.A.M.E. Tour in April 2011. Mauboy and Walker later performed \\\"What Happened to Us\\\" on \\\"Dancing with the Stars Australia\\\" on 29 May 2011. From November 2013 to February 2014, \\\"What Happened to Us\\\" was part of the set list of the To the End of the Earth Tour, Mauboy's second headlining tour of Australia, with Nathaniel Willemse singing Sean's part. Source: What Happened to Us \\\"What Happened to Us\\\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written\",\n \"title\": \"What Happened to Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13844093\",\n \"text\": \"Garry Egger, A community based emissions reduction currency scheme is a C4 type local currency in which local currency issues are backed by the emissions reductions of the schemes members. The local currency, when accepted for trade by other members or local businesses, thereby rewards participants for their efforts at global warming prevention. These currencies may have various degrees of convertibility into carbon saved, renewable energy, or national currency. The Edogawatt is a form of emissions reduction currency used in Edogawa, Tokyo that is an initiative of the local Jōdo Shinshū Jukou-in temple. In this scheme, the temple and devotees\",\n \"title\": \"Emissions Reduction Currency System\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15296676\",\n \"text\": \"What Happened to Us \\\"What Happened to Us\\\" is a song by Australian recording artist Jessica Mauboy, featuring English recording artist Jay Sean. It was written by Sean, Josh Alexander, Billy Steinberg, Jeremy Skaller, Rob Larow, Khaled Rohaim and Israel Cruz. \\\"What Happened to Us\\\" was leaked online in October 2010, and was released on 10 March 2011, as the third single from Mauboy's second studio album, \\\"Get 'Em Girls\\\" (2010). The song received positive reviews from critics. A remix of \\\"What Happened to Us\\\" made by production team OFM, was released on 11 April 2011. A different version of\",\n \"title\": \"What Happened to Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1510845\",\n \"text\": \"formerly belonging to the Ottoman Empire, are called \\\"pound\\\" in English, while in the local languages their official name is \\\"lira\\\". The pound sterling is also the currency of the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory and British Indian Ocean Territory. All of the following currencies have been replaced by the US dollar. Pound (currency) The pound is a unit of currency in some nations. The term originated in the Frankish Empire as a result of Charlemagne's currency reform (\\\"pound\\\" from Latin \\\"pondus\\\", a unity of weight) and was subsequently taken to\",\n \"title\": \"Pound (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701666\",\n \"text\": \"political and historical factors. In all long-standing currency substitution cases, historical and political reasons have been more influential than an evaluation of the economic effects of currency substitution. Panama adopted the US dollar as legal tender after independence as the result of a constitutional ruling. Ecuador and El Salvador became fully dollarized economies in 2000 and 2001 respectively, for different reasons. Ecuador underwent currency substitution to deal with a widespread political and financial crisis resulting from massive loss of confidence in its political and monetary institutions. By contrast, El Salvador's official currency substitution was a result of internal debates and\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16873811\",\n \"text\": \"Auto-Tuned chorus was not need; \\\"The Auto-Tune seems extraneous, because the Saturdays can actually sing well without it.\\\" She end the review by labeling their latest effort as \\\"generic\\\" and \\\"not the best the Saturdays have to offer\\\", also rating it two and a half stars out of five. \\\"What About Us\\\" debuted at number 44 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Dance Club Songs chart for the week dated 8 December 2012. This marks their first ever chart entry in the United States and it has since peaked at number twenty-seven. The song debuted at number 79 on the Canadian\",\n \"title\": \"What About Us (The Saturdays song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9501048\",\n \"text\": \"seventh century, these currencies (alongside other reforms) were based off the Chinese system and were therefore based on the Chinese units of measurement. In modern times the usage of \\\"Fuhonsen\\\" has often been interpreted as charms rather than currency but recent discoveries have uncovered that these copper coins were in fact the first government-made coinage of Japan. Japan's first formal currency system was the \\\"Kōchōsen\\\" (Japanese: 皇朝銭, \\\"Imperial currency\\\"). It was exemplified by the adoption of Japan's first official coin type, the \\\"Wadōkaichin\\\". It was first minted in 708 CE on order of Empress Genmei, Japan's 43rd Imperial ruler. \\\"\\\"Wadōkaichin\\\"\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Japanese currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809787\",\n \"text\": \"US, and Financial Times journalists have suggested that if China returned to a fixed peg against the dollar this could re-ignite the Currency War, especially if the move coincided with the US presidential election campaign. Also in March 2012, Brazil's president Rousseff said her country was still experiencing undesirable upwards pressure on her currency, with her Finance Minister Guido Mantega saying Brazil will no longer \\\"play the fool\\\" and allow others to get away with competitive devaluation, announcing new measures aimed at limiting further appreciation for the Real. In June 2012, the \\\"Financial Times\\\" reported that while international trade remained\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4957578\",\n \"text\": \"Commodity currency A commodity currency is a name given to some currencies that co-move with the world prices of primary commodity products, due to these countries' heavy dependency on the export of certain raw materials for income. Commodity currencies are most popular in developing countries (eg. Burundi, Tanzania, Papua New Guinea). However developed countries like Canada and Australia can also have this type of currency. For example, the Canadian Dollar grows stronger, the higher the price of soybeans and oil because these are Canada's two major commodities. In the foreign exchange market, commodity currencies generally refer to the Australian dollar,\",\n \"title\": \"Commodity currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6367409\",\n \"text\": \"Dominican Republic where it is acceptable in many places, including airports to pay temporary visa fees for non-US/Dominican visits; Iraq, where United States commercial, governmental and military involvement due to the Iraq War and the Iraqi Dinar's low value has made the US dollar highly preferred; East Timor, Lebanon, El Salvador, Ecuador and Panama. The disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia have the Russian ruble as their de facto currency. Due to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe in 2006 to 2008, the government of Zimbabwe has allowed circulation of foreign currency since September 2008 and local currency became obsolete since 12\",\n \"title\": \"De facto currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701668\",\n \"text\": \"the share of all foreign currency deposits held by domestic residents at home and abroad in their total monetary assets. Unofficial currency substitution or de facto currency substitution is the most common type of currency substitution. Unofficial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their financial assets in foreign currency, even though the foreign currency is not legal tender there. They hold deposits in the foreign currency because of a bad track record of the local currency, or as a hedge against inflation of the domestic currency. Official currency substitution or full\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050854\",\n \"text\": \"lyrics of the Beatles song \\\"She Said, She Said\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \\\"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\\\" \\\"Trouser Press\\\" called it \\\"even better\\\" than \\\"Script of the Bridge\\\", \\\"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544677\",\n \"text\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward\",\n \"title\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3703475\",\n \"text\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases \\\"by name and by nature\\\" and \\\"it lives up to its name\\\". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9875835\",\n \"text\": \"While Keating remains optimistic even after becoming paralyzed, Ambrose loses hope. Ultimately, both Keating and Ambrose die, and Wing is left alone to deliver a monologue in Chinese. The premiere tour of \\\"What Lies Before Us\\\" featured: What Lies Before Us What Lies Before Us is a comedic play by Morris Panych. It takes place in the Canadian Rocky Mountains in 1884, where a railway survey team, Keating and Ambrose, and their Chinese servant Wing, are stranded after being abandoned by their wilderness guide. Keating and Ambrose argue over what to do - winter approaches and their food supply is\",\n \"title\": \"What Lies Before Us\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16873802\",\n \"text\": \"band's North America released only Extended play, \\\"Chasing the Saturdays\\\", which was named after the show. Some critics said that releasing \\\"What About Us\\\" from an EP for the US market was a \\\"wise decision\\\". One critic said: For, throwing out a traditional release on the back of a show that isn't (yet) a hit would ultimately be setting them up for failure. What's more, the EP allows their \\\"storyline\\\" for the next season of the show (should there be one) to revolve around recording an album. In the United Kingdom, it was revealed that \\\"What About Us\\\" would be\",\n \"title\": \"What About Us (The Saturdays song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16873806\",\n \"text\": \"the UK, with \\\"Notorious\\\". Whereas in the UK, \\\"What About Us\\\" was released with airplay and the music video being released before the release of the single. During this time, Frankie Sandford became ambassadors for mental health after Sandford battled depression. The band said they choose \\\"What About Us\\\" to be the lead single in the US and follow-up single from \\\"30 Days\\\" because they all loved it once they demoed it and it gave them a \\\"really good feeling\\\" They also said it is a fresh start for a new album, with a \\\"reggae vibe\\\", but still a pop\",\n \"title\": \"What About Us (The Saturdays song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809758\",\n \"text\": \"reputation for avoiding government intervention in favour of free market policies. Brazil's finance minister Guido Mantega who had raised the alarm about a currency war back in September, warned that matters were beginning to escalate into a trade war. He expressed concerns about the economic policies of both China and the US. By February, the US had stepped up diplomatic efforts to persuade emerging economies such as Brazil and India that China's intervention was the root cause of the currency war. However the US once again refrained from labelling China a currency manipulator. A Treasury report said that allowing for\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810777\",\n \"text\": \"that it by no means compared to \\\"LA X\\\", but stated that it \\\"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\\\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \\\"freakin' outstanding\\\" and called \\\"What Kate Does\\\" \\\"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810766\",\n \"text\": \"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \\\"What Kate Does\\\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \\\"generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7664539\",\n \"text\": \"is generally increased by adding currency exposure, yet there is no risk premium earned for that added volatility in the long term. Thus investors with international portfolios often hedge their currency risk, normally using forward currency contracts, currency swaps, currency futures contracts, or currency options. Currency hedging can be done passively or actively. The stream of returns from passive currency overlay is negatively correlated with international equities, has an expected return of zero, and does not employ any capital. The overlay manager uses forward contracts to match the portfolio’s currency exposures in such a way as to insure against exchange\",\n \"title\": \"Currency overlay\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19076702\",\n \"text\": \"printed. Outside of the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money for specialized issues, images of the last two types could not be found. The known population of remaining siege of Khartoum notes varies by denomination from the first type 100 piastre note (roughly 1,250 known) to the 50 Egyptian pound note (roughly 12 known). Presumably there are fewer still of the one piaster, second type 100 piastre, and 20 British pound notes. Siege of Khartoum currency Siege of Khartoum currency, an emergency paper money, was issued by Governor-General of the Sudan, British Major-General Charles George Gordon during the Siege of\",\n \"title\": \"Siege of Khartoum currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2105074\",\n \"text\": \"more stable, making it a harder currency than the ruble. A tourist could get 200 rubles per US dollar in June 1992, and 500 rubles per USD in November 1992. In some economies, which may be either planned economies or market economies using a soft currency, there are special stores that accept only hard currency. Examples have included Tuzex stores in the former Czechoslovakia, Intershops in East Germany or Friendship stores in China in the early 1990s. These stores offer a wider variety of goods many of which are scarce or imported than standard stores. Because hard currencies may be\",\n \"title\": \"Hard currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11987426\",\n \"text\": \"fixed IMF parity and introduced a fluctuating free market rate on 13 May 1955, set initially at 4.17 per US dollar. There was steady deterioration of the exchange rate; an attempt to hold it at 13.50 per US dollar in 1966 failed. The annual average fell to 31.20 per dollar in 1975, 47.28 per in 1980, 142.31 per in 1985, 502.26 per in 1990, and 988 per in 1995. Currency of Colombia Currency in Colombia has been used since 1622. It was in that year, under a licence purchased from King Philip III of Spain, that Turrillo de Yebra established\",\n \"title\": \"Currency of Colombia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5644214\",\n \"text\": \"currency exchange have since become rare, savings are still available from back-to-back loans due to comparative advantage. The first formal currency swap, as opposed to the then used parallel loans structure, was transacted by Citicorp International Bank for a $US100,000,000 10 year US Dollar Sterling swap between Mobil Oil Corporation and General Electric Corporation Ltd (UK). The concept of the interest rate swap was developed by the Citicorp International Swap unit but cross-currency interest rate swaps were introduced by the World Bank in 1981 to obtain Swiss francs and German marks by exchanging cash flows with IBM. This deal was\",\n \"title\": \"Currency swap\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["united states dollar"],"string":"[\n \"united states dollar\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":883,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what currency does thailand use?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"414859","text":"Economy of Thailand Thailand is a newly industrialized country. Its economy is heavily export-dependent, with exports accounting for more than two-thirds of its gross domestic product (GDP). In 2017, according to the IMF, Thailand had a GDP of 15.450 trillion baht (US$455 billion), the 8th largest economy of Asia. Thailand has a headline inflation rate of 3.02 percent and an account surplus of 0.7 percent of the country's GDP. Thai economy is expected to post 4.1% growth in 2018. Its currency, Thai Baht, also ranked as the tenth most frequently used world payment currency in 2017. The industrial and service","title":"Economy of Thailand"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"414859\",\n \"text\": \"Economy of Thailand Thailand is a newly industrialized country. Its economy is heavily export-dependent, with exports accounting for more than two-thirds of its gross domestic product (GDP). In 2017, according to the IMF, Thailand had a GDP of 15.450 trillion baht (US$455 billion), the 8th largest economy of Asia. Thailand has a headline inflation rate of 3.02 percent and an account surplus of 0.7 percent of the country's GDP. Thai economy is expected to post 4.1% growth in 2018. Its currency, Thai Baht, also ranked as the tenth most frequently used world payment currency in 2017. The industrial and service\",\n \"title\": \"Economy of Thailand\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"13810778","text":"week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010,","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810760","text":"What Kate Does \"What Kate Does\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \"Lost\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \"What Kate Does\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \"Sawyer\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"10945153","text":"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \"Under the Boardwalk\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \"What He Does Best\", and \"How Many Hearts\". \"Under the Boardwalk\" reached No. 24; the","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"13810767","text":"reviews\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\". \"What Kate Does\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \"The New York Times\" described the episode as \"contemplative\", \"anticlimactic\" and \"subdued\" and the flash sideways as \"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \" 'What Kate","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"18990721","text":"What Really Happens in Thailand What Really Happens in Thailand is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network. The program was first announced at the network's upfronts in 2014. The series is a spin-off of the 2014 program \"What Really Happens in Bali\" and produced by the same production company McAvoy Media. The series films the activities and situations of Australian tourists and expats in various locations throughout Thailand, including nightclubs, hospitals and cosmetic surgery centres. The series premiered in Australia on the Seven Network on 14 September 2015, airing on Monday nights until the","title":"What Really Happens in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"10945154","text":"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \"What She Does Best\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four","title":"What She Does Best"},{"psg_id":"8557362","text":"the result in. The application software then calculates and displays the corresponding amount of money. Currency converters aim to maintain real-time information on current market or bank exchange rates, so that the calculated result changes whenever the value of either of the component currencies does. They do so by connecting to a database of current currency exchange rates. The frequency at which currency converters update the exchange rates they use varies: Yahoo currency converter updates its rates every day, while Convert My Money< every hour. Currency converters usually display a value that is not biased towards buying or selling. This","title":"Currency converter"},{"psg_id":"69242","text":"currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of or occasionally also occur. Some currencies do not have any smaller units at all, such as the Icelandic króna. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is in theory divided into","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"18990722","text":"fifth episode of the series, when the show was moved to Thursday nights. After episode six, the series was pulled from the schedule until the television non-ratings period, when episode seven premiered on a Tuesday night however it did not reach the top 20 most watched programs for the first time in the program's season. A second spin-off of the format followed in 2016, titled \"What Really Happens on the Gold Coast\". What Really Happens in Thailand What Really Happens in Thailand is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network. The program was first announced","title":"What Really Happens in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"5644206","text":"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \"textbook\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants","title":"Currency swap"},{"psg_id":"9926463","text":"was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"9926460","text":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York","title":"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?"},{"psg_id":"8050855","text":"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8050853","text":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"8014933","text":"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \"What Difference Does It Make?\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \"The Tube\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \"die very quickly\", and that he wanted to \"herald the death\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"8014931","text":"What Difference Does It Make? \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \"The Smiths\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \"Hatful of Hollow\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \"What Difference Does It Make?\" is among his least favourite songs","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"5067789","text":"use: local or community currencies are complementary currencies used within a locality or other form of community (such as business-based or online communities); regional currencies are similar to local currencies but used within a larger geographical region; and sectoral currencies are complementary currencies used within a single economic sector, such as education or health care. Many private currencies are complementary currencies issued by private businesses or organizations. Other terms include alternative currency, auxiliary currency, and microcurrency. Mutual credit is a form of alternative currency, and thus any form of lending that does not go through the banking system can be","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"1701664","text":"financial assets denominated in a foreign currency. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution, for example, Argentina and Peru were both in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s. \"Dollarization\", when referring to currency substitution, does not necessarily involve use of the United States dollar. The currencies that have been used as substitutes have been the US dollar, the euro, and the Australian dollar. After the gold standard was abandoned at the outbreak of World War I and the Bretton Woods Conference following World War II, some countries sought exchange rate","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"13879805","text":"eucalypt conservation, cultivation, ecology, physiology, systematics, and taxonomy. Additional research consists of the cut flower industry and honey production, as well as tree use, such as firewood, shade, and windbreaks. Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees.","title":"Currency Creek Arboretum"},{"psg_id":"13810761","text":"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \"What Kate Did\". \"What Kate Does\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"3664841","text":"than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British","title":"Currency Act"},{"psg_id":"8656489","text":"to its regulations defining currency as \"the coin and paper money of the United States or of any other country that [i] is designated as legal tender and that [ii] circulates and [iii] is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance\", also called \"real currency\" by FinCEN, defined virtual currency as \"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\". In particular, virtual currency does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined","title":"Virtual currency"},{"psg_id":"10159600","text":"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the","title":"Currency-counting machine"},{"psg_id":"19980606","text":"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \"Radio Times\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \"down to the ground; there's a touch of \"Seinfeld\" about \"What Does the K Stand for?\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"12848972","text":"Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI). The table below shows the statistics as of 31 December 2016 in billions of US dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the year. The total value is $4,687 billion. China is not part of the calculation and may be over a trillion dollars today. That leaves over 160 countries not calculated. The calculation also does not include Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ripple, whose total value in circulation exceeds one hundred billion dollars. Circulation (currency) In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for","title":"Circulation (currency)"},{"psg_id":"8050854","text":"lyrics of the Beatles song \"She Said, She Said\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\" \"Trouser Press\" called it \"even better\" than \"Script of the Bridge\", \"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics","title":"What Does Anything Mean? Basically"},{"psg_id":"16663178","text":"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \"What Does The Bee Do?\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \"IGN\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\" \"The A.V. Club\" rated the episode an \"A-\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"16663175","text":"What Does the Bee Do? \"What Does the Bee Do?\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \"Boardwalk Empire\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide","title":"What Does the Bee Do?"},{"psg_id":"69236","text":"mostly paper, but Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation developed the world's first polymer currency in the 1980s that went into circulation on the nation's bicentenary in 1988. Now used in some 22 countries (over 40 if counting commemorative issues), polymer currency dramatically improves the life span of banknotes and prevents counterfeiting. Currency use is based on the concept of lex monetae; that a sovereign state decides which currency it shall use. Currently, the International Organization for Standardization has introduced a three-letter system of codes (ISO 4217) to define currency (as opposed to simple names or currency signs), in","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"13810777","text":"that it by no means compared to \"LA X\", but stated that it \"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \"freakin' outstanding\" and called \"What Kate Does\" \"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810770","text":"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\" Whitney Matheson of \"USA Today\" said that she \"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\" after watching \"What Kate Does\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \"one of Josh","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"13810766","text":"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \"What Kate Does\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \"generally favorable","title":"What Kate Does"},{"psg_id":"69246","text":"with few options other than to create a local currency. The following table are estimates of the 15 most frequently used currencies in world payments from 2012 to 2018 by SWIFT. Related concepts Accounting units Lists Currency A currency (from , \"in circulation\", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a \"system of money\" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition,","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"69219","text":"Currency A currency (from , \"in circulation\", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a \"system of money\" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition, US dollars, British pounds, Australian dollars, European euros and Russian ruble are examples of currency. These various currencies are recognized as stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"19980608","text":"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\". Overall, Elan found, \"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the","title":"What Does the K Stand For?"},{"psg_id":"7664539","text":"is generally increased by adding currency exposure, yet there is no risk premium earned for that added volatility in the long term. Thus investors with international portfolios often hedge their currency risk, normally using forward currency contracts, currency swaps, currency futures contracts, or currency options. Currency hedging can be done passively or actively. The stream of returns from passive currency overlay is negatively correlated with international equities, has an expected return of zero, and does not employ any capital. The overlay manager uses forward contracts to match the portfolio’s currency exposures in such a way as to insure against exchange","title":"Currency overlay"},{"psg_id":"7352384","text":"Time in Thailand Thailand follows , which is 7 hours ahead of UTC. The local mean time in Bangkok was originally . Thailand used this local mean time until 1920, when it changed to Indochina Time, , ICT is used all year round as Thailand does not observe daylight saving time. Thailand declared that people would move their clocks ahead by 17 minutes, 56 seconds to match the time in use in Southeast Asia ( hrs and ahead of Greenwich Mean Time) on 31 March 1920. The time was switched on 1 April 1920 at 06:00 (old time) to 06:17:56","title":"Time in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"1701683","text":"effect of this regulation on the pattern of currency substitution depends on the public's expectations of macroeconomic stability and the sustainability of the foreign exchange regime. Currency substitution Currency substitution or dollarization is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial. Most, if not all, full currency substitution has taken place after a major economic crisis, for example, Ecuador and El Salvador in Latin America and Zimbabwe in Africa. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use those of their","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"1701663","text":"Currency substitution Currency substitution or dollarization is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial. Most, if not all, full currency substitution has taken place after a major economic crisis, for example, Ecuador and El Salvador in Latin America and Zimbabwe in Africa. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use those of their larger neighbours; for example Liechtenstein uses the Swiss Franc. Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their","title":"Currency substitution"},{"psg_id":"7134141","text":"a single world currency is unnecessary, because the U.S. dollar is providing many of the benefits of a world currency while avoiding some of the costs. If the world does not form an optimum currency area, then it would be economically inefficient for the world to share one currency. In the present world, nations are not able to work together closely enough to be able to produce and support a common currency. There has to be a high level of trust between different countries before a true world currency could be created. A world currency might even undermine national sovereignty","title":"World currency"},{"psg_id":"69241","text":"Several countries can use the same name for their own separate currencies (for example, \"dollar\" in Australia, Canada and the United States). By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency (for example, the euro or the CFA franc), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender. For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared US currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 to 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States. At various times countries have either re-stamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"4183543","text":"Central Bank as \"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\". The US Department of Treasury in 2013 defined it more tersely as \"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\". The key attribute a virtual currency does not have according to these definitions, is the status as legal tender. Since 2001, the European Union has implemented the E-Money Directive \"on the taking up, pursuit and prudential","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"3703477","text":"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \"does exactly what it says on the tube\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \"What It Says on the Tin\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"psg_id":"2480285","text":"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate","title":"Currency board"},{"psg_id":"17544677","text":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward","title":"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency"},{"psg_id":"14957836","text":"their capacity to do so. Ratings are based on the openness of a country's economy, export growth and real effective exchange rate (REER) valuation, as well as the scope a country has to weaken its currency without damaging its economy. , Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Chile and Sweden are the most willing and able to intervene, while the UK and New Zealand are among the least. From March 2013, concerns over further currency war diminished, though in November several journalists and analysts warned of a possible fresh outbreak. The likely principal source of tension appeared to shift once again, this time","title":"Currency war"},{"psg_id":"17544507","text":"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \"Just Dance 2015\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \"What do the Foxes Say?\" in 442oons video. !scope=\"col\" colspan=\"3\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"2480282","text":"to other domestic considerations, and that the fixed exchange rate will, to a large extent, also fix a country's terms of trade, irrespective of economic differences between it and its trading partners. Typically, currency boards have advantages for small, open economies which would find independent monetary policy difficult to sustain. They can also form a credible commitment to low inflation. More than 70 countries have had currency boards. Currency boards were most widespread in the early and mid 20th century. Hong Kong operates a currency board (Hong Kong Monetary Authority), as does Bulgaria. Estonia had a currency board fixed to","title":"Currency board"},{"psg_id":"13519959","text":"G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album \"Duotones\". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second","title":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)"},{"psg_id":"13519957","text":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the","title":"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)"},{"psg_id":"6929273","text":"subsidy. Both inflation and demurrage reduce the purchasing power of money held over time, but demurrage does so through fixed regular fees, while inflation does it in a variety of ways. Inflation is certainly not always everywhere a monetary phenomenon. Inflation is not always easy to predict & it does not stay fixed through time, but the level of demurrage is fixed by the Government. Gresham's law that \"bad money drives out good\" suggests that demurrage fees would mean that a currency would suffer more rapid circulation than competing forms of currency. This led some such as German-Argentine economist Silvio","title":"Demurrage (currency)"},{"psg_id":"4105804","text":"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,","title":"Currency union"},{"psg_id":"69233","text":"tender, and accepted by governments for taxes. However, the instability in the ratio between the two grew over the course of the 19th century, with the increases both in supply of these metals, particularly silver, and in trade. The parallel use of both metals is called bimetallism, and the attempt to create a bimetallic standard where both gold and silver backed currency remained in circulation occupied the efforts of inflationists. Governments at this point could use currency as an instrument of policy, printing paper currency such as the United States Greenback, to pay for military expenditures. They could also set","title":"Currency"},{"psg_id":"8557364","text":"software internalization (i18n) and how the Forex (foreign exchange) market works, where most conversions have 4 decimal places, although some currency pairs also have 5. Most currency converters use up to 4. Some currency conversion software converts currency alongside information regarding the currencies. This information can be very helpful for travelers and those looking to make money by trading currency. These currency conversion programs seek to arm the user with knowledge that can lead the user to an educated guess about the future fluctuations of a country’s currency. A trader would seek to buy the currency at a low rate","title":"Currency converter"},{"psg_id":"11932059","text":"December 2006, Bang Khun Phrom Palace celebrated its centenary and a traditional Thai performance was conducted in celebration. Bank of Thailand Museum Bank of Thailand Museum is a museum in Bangkok, Thailand. The museum is housed in the Bang Khun Phrom Palace, the former residence of Prince Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, who was the 33rd son of King Chulalongkorn. The Bank of Thailand, Northern Region also has a museum in Chiang Mai. The museum has 14 rooms many of which display the history of Thai currency and the Bank of Thailand. The age range of the coins differs greatly and there are","title":"Bank of Thailand Museum"},{"psg_id":"11932057","text":"Bank of Thailand Museum Bank of Thailand Museum is a museum in Bangkok, Thailand. The museum is housed in the Bang Khun Phrom Palace, the former residence of Prince Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, who was the 33rd son of King Chulalongkorn. The Bank of Thailand, Northern Region also has a museum in Chiang Mai. The museum has 14 rooms many of which display the history of Thai currency and the Bank of Thailand. The age range of the coins differs greatly and there are many ancient Thai coins found at excavation sites such as Funan coins (1st – 7th centuries), Sri Vijaya","title":"Bank of Thailand Museum"},{"psg_id":"15968633","text":"number of coins. Trays used to handle currency, often sorting by denomination. Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \"curled\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together","title":"Currency packaging"},{"psg_id":"12848969","text":"Circulation (currency) In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for transactions. Thus currency in circulation is the total value of currency (coins and paper currency) that has ever been issued minus the amount that has been removed from the economy by the central bank. More broadly, money in circulation is the total money supply of a country, which can be defined in various ways always including currency and also including some types of bank deposits. Standard money is the basic currency circulating within a monetary system. It has legal recognition for prices and","title":"Circulation (currency)"},{"psg_id":"19095970","text":"What Does It Take (Dave Days song) \"What Does It Take\" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP \"Dinner and a Movie\". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn","title":"What Does It Take (Dave Days song)"},{"psg_id":"17544483","text":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \"The Fox\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. \"The Fox\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of","title":"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)"},{"psg_id":"3281574","text":"security token that changes the passphrase with each logon, but charges the account holder USD $99.50 for the token. E-bullion does not require customers to use the Cryptocard, so account holders who choose not to get one may suffer from the same security issues as e-gold customers. Pecunix devised a unique rotating key system that provides many of the benefits of a security token without requiring the user to buy one. Pecunix also supports the use of PGP signatures to access an account, which is probably the strongest of all authentication methods. Digital gold currency is a form of representative","title":"Digital gold currency"},{"psg_id":"414562","text":"neighbouring developing economies of Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia. In the third quarter of 2014, the unemployment rate in Thailand stood at 0.84% according to Thailand's National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB). Thailand experienced the world's highest economic growth rate from 1985 to 1996 – averaging 12.4% annually. In 1997 increased pressure on the baht, a year in which the economy contracted by 1.9%, led to a crisis that uncovered financial sector weaknesses and forced the Chavalit Yongchaiyudh administration to float the currency. Prime Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh was forced to resign after his cabinet came under fire for its slow","title":"Thailand"},{"psg_id":"19648063","text":"to forecasted cash flows and don’t allow hedging economic risk. Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future. Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange","title":"Currency analytics"},{"psg_id":"15809784","text":"needed to try to reduce volatility in the currency but \"a country like ours can[not] forcibly change the fundamental direction of our currency.\" Over the first nine months of 2010 the baht had risen in value by 11 percent, the second largest appreciation of Asia's 11 most heavily traded currencies. There were also concerns that exports may slow: sales to foreigners make up almost two-thirds of Thai's economic activity. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva also said Thailand may step up efforts to prevent currency appreciation from hurting its exporters. Africa was hit harder by the global financial crises than other emerging","title":"Currency War of 2009–11"},{"psg_id":"11958748","text":"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"psg_id":"11958746","text":"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,","title":"The purpose of a system is what it does"},{"psg_id":"7876141","text":"Currency appreciation and depreciation Currency depreciation is the loss of value of a country's currency with respect to one or more foreign reference currencies, typically in a floating exchange rate system in which no official currency value is maintained. Currency appreciation in the same context is an increase in the value of the currency. Short-term changes in the value of a currency is reflected in changes in the exchange rate. In a floating exchange rate system, a currency's value goes up (or down) if the demand for it goes up more (or less) than the supply does. In the short","title":"Currency appreciation and depreciation"},{"psg_id":"7134126","text":"World currency In the foreign exchange market and international finance, a world currency, supranational currency, or global currency is a currency that is transacted internationally, with no set borders. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the use of silver Spanish dollars or \"pieces of eight\" spread from the Spanish territories in the Americas westwards to Asia and eastwards to Europe, forming the first worldwide currency. Spain's political supremacy on the world stage, the importance of Spanish commercial routes across the Atlantic and the Pacific, and the coin's quality and purity of silver helped it become internationally accepted for over two","title":"World currency"},{"psg_id":"6235907","text":"a dot or a dash. A widely traded currency pair is the relation of the euro against the US dollar, designated as EUR/USD. The quotation \"EUR/USD 1.2500\" means that one euro is exchanged for 1.2500 US dollars. Here, EUR is the base currency and USD is the quote currency(counter currency). This means that 1 Euro can be exchangeable to 1.25 US Dollars. The most traded currency pairs in the world are called the \"Majors\". They involve the currencies euro, US dollar, Japanese yen, pound sterling, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and the Swiss franc. Currency quotations use the abbreviations for currencies","title":"Currency pair"},{"psg_id":"3208813","text":"form of electronic money. In science fiction set in the near future, modern currency names are often used. The selection of familiar currencies such as the dollar or yen, particularly in the far future, may be used to make suggestions about the way history unfolded; however, it would seem strange for aliens to use a recognizable currency. Fictional currency A fictional currency is some form of currency defined, or alluded to, in works of fiction. The names of units of such currency are sometimes based on extant or historic currencies (e.g. \"Altairian dollars\" or \"Earth yen\") while other names, such","title":"Fictional currency"},{"psg_id":"15968631","text":"Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \"curled\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together in groups of 10 (1000 banknotes) and vacuumized. A cliche print containing","title":"Currency packaging"},{"psg_id":"15407906","text":"Gender identities in Thailand In Thailand, as elsewhere, one can find several different gender roles, identities and diverse visual markers of masculinity and femininity. The demand for positive self-identity is growing in Thailand and support is growing. Most of the identities oddly use English terms that are \"overloaded\" (reassigned meanings). A heterosexual male is the only sexuallity, which refers not just to physical sex but gender identity as well. Note this may differ from Western ideas of heterosexual male, to which \"lesbian sex\" has been eroticized. This means he seeks a traditional Thai female, but does not accept as a","title":"Gender identities in Thailand"},{"psg_id":"5247256","text":"four primary and six secondary criteria. Up to the fiscal year 2011, only Ghana has been able to meet all the primary criteria in any single fiscal year. The four primary criteria to be achieved by each member country are: The six secondary criteria to be achieved by each member country are: The goal of a common currency, first in West African Monetary Institute(WAMI)/West African Monetary Zone(WAMZ) countries – The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Conakry (which is French speaking but does not use the CFA franc), Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone – and later in the whole ECOWAS area, was officially stated","title":"Eco (currency)"},{"psg_id":"4831875","text":"Currency Centre The Currency Centre (also known as the Irish Mint) is the mint of coins and printer of banknotes for the Central Bank of Ireland, including the euro currency. The centre is located at Sandyford, Dublin, Ireland. The centre does not print the complete range of euro banknotes. Other denominations are imported. The centre was designed by the architect Sam Stephenson, for which he won the RIAI Triennial Gold Medal in 1977-1979 and opened for business in 1978. Before the centre was established, Irish coins were produced in the Royal Mint. The first euro coins were minted in the","title":"Currency Centre"},{"psg_id":"18580478","text":"Synthetic currency pair In foreign exchange market, synthetic currency pair or synthetic cross currency pair is an artificial currency pair which generally is not available in market but one needs to trade across those pairs. One highly traded currency, usually United States dollar, which trades with the target currencies, is taken as intermediary currency and offsetting positions are taken on target currencies. The use of synthetic cross currency pairs has become less common with wide availability of most common currency pairs in the market. There are many official currencies worldwide but not all currencies are traded actively in the forex","title":"Synthetic currency pair"},{"psg_id":"14845183","text":"strength. Shorter or longer timeframes are used for alternately shorter or longer outlooks. Extreme high and low percentage values occur less frequently but indicate stronger momentum of currency. ACS is in most cases used as support indicator for Relative currency strength indicator. But it can be used by itself for currency trading. One can use Absolute currency strength for pattern trading as well. Combination of RCS and ACS indicators gives entry and exit signals for currency trading. Indicator basic idea is \"buy strong currency and sell weak currency\". If is X/Y currency pair in uptrend, it shows if it is","title":"Absolute currency strength"},{"psg_id":"8947790","text":"were employed: experimental paper, adding surcharges, overprints, blue end paper, silk fibers, and watermarks to name a few. Fractional currency shields which had single sided specimens were sold to banks to provide a standard for comparison for detecting counterfeits. Postage and fractional currency remained in use until 1876, when Congress authorized the minting of fractional silver coins to redeem the outstanding fractional currency. Three people were depicted on fractional currency during their lifetime: Francis E. Spinner (Treasurer of the United States), William P. Fessenden (U.S. Senator and Secretary of the Treasury), and Spencer M. Clark (Superintendent of the National Currency","title":"Fractional currency"},{"psg_id":"6235911","text":"crosses. The most common crosses are EUR, JPY, and GBP crosses, but may be against any other currency. The rates are almost universally derived, however, by taking the first currency's rate against the USD and multiplying/dividing by the second currency's rate against the USD. Sometimes the term \"base currency\" may also refer to the functional currency of a bank or company; usually their domestic currency. For example, a British bank may use GBP as a base currency for accounting, because all profits and losses are converted to sterling. If a EUR/USD position is closed out with a profit in USD","title":"Currency pair"},{"psg_id":"5067797","text":"community Evolution RA whose members use their own complementary virtual currency \"Сyber-gold\". The introductory fee paid by the new association members is subsequently directed toward investments in a variety of commercial projects. Some complementary currencies take advantage of demurrage fees, an intentional devaluation of the currency over time, like negative interest. This stimulates market exchanges in the devaluating currency, propagates new participation in the currency system and forces the storage of wealth (hoarding) ability usually reserved for currency into more permanent and better value-holding tools like property, improvement, education, technology, health, equity securities, etc., all of which are sheltered from","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"5067788","text":"Complementary currency A complementary currency is a currency or medium of exchange which is not a national currency, but which is thought of as supplementing or complementing national currencies. Complementary currencies are usually not legal tender and their use is based on agreement between the parties exchanging the currency. According to Jérôme Blanc of Laboratoire d'Économie de la Firme et des Institutions, complementary currencies aim to protect, stimulate or orientate the economy. They may also be used to advance particular social, environmental, or political goals. When speaking about complementary currencies, a number of overlapping and often interchangeable terms are in","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"662360","text":"example is Oakland Grown in Oakland, CA. 3. Mutual Credit currency based on the mutual credit system. This can be further sub-divided into two: a. Time-based currency also known as Time Banks that use time as a measure of value. An example is Dane County Time Bank. b. Trade exchanges and LETS (local exchange trading system) that use price as a measure of value. An example of local currency implemented as a trade exchange is Bay Bucks in the Bay Area of California, USA. LETS were originally started in Vancouver, Canada, there are presently more than 30 LETS systems operating","title":"Local currency"},{"psg_id":"3664839","text":"the debt from King William’s War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, “that unless it is backed by specie it is cost free currency.” The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts were eleven percent. The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall","title":"Currency Act"},{"psg_id":"13879803","text":"Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees. Run by volunteers, there is no paid staff. Dr. Dean Nicolle began looking for land between Mount Compass and Strathalbyn in 1990 to create an arboretum. The specific soil type","title":"Currency Creek Arboretum"},{"psg_id":"14210695","text":"It is still in force unamended. Currency Act 1982 The Currency Act 1982 (c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Following Decimal Day in 1971, when the British monetary system changed from pound/shilling/penny to the metric £1 = 100p system, the new currency was known as the \"new pound\" and therefore the \"new pence\". By 1982, the use of \"new pence\" was out of use, and replaced with \"penny\". The Act sanctions the use of \"penny\" rather than \"new penny\" in common usage, such as on coins produced by the Royal Mint. The Act covers","title":"Currency Act 1982"},{"psg_id":"14210694","text":"Currency Act 1982 The Currency Act 1982 (c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Following Decimal Day in 1971, when the British monetary system changed from pound/shilling/penny to the metric £1 = 100p system, the new currency was known as the \"new pound\" and therefore the \"new pence\". By 1982, the use of \"new pence\" was out of use, and replaced with \"penny\". The Act sanctions the use of \"penny\" rather than \"new penny\" in common usage, such as on coins produced by the Royal Mint. The Act covers England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.","title":"Currency Act 1982"},{"psg_id":"9422226","text":"which also simulcasts in Maine as WJTO 730) plays the original vinyl \"\" edit. Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album \"Chicago Transit Authority\" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, \"Make Me Smile\" and \"25 or 6 to 4\", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top","title":"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?"},{"psg_id":"9422222","text":"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album \"Chicago Transit Authority\" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, \"Make Me Smile\" and \"25 or 6 to 4\", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top 10 single, peaking at in the U.S. and No. 2 in Canada. Because the","title":"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?"},{"psg_id":"3703475","text":"Does exactly what it says on the tin \"It does exactly what it says on the tin\" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases \"by name and by nature\" and \"it lives up to its name\". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave","title":"Does exactly what it says on the tin"},{"psg_id":"8014932","text":"of the Smiths'. The character Ray Smith in the Jack Kerouac novel \"The Dharma Bums\" repeatedly says \"What difference does it make?\" as well as \"Pretty girls make graves\", the title of another track featured on \"The Smiths\". The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film \"The Collector\". Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind,","title":"What Difference Does It Make?"},{"psg_id":"15347806","text":"propagation of the currency, and ensure that the number of students arriving in any university doesn't exceed the capacity to handle them. Saber (sectoral currency) The Saber (Portuguese for \"to know\") currency is a proposal of an educational sectoral currency initially presented in Brazil. It would be handed out by the ministry of education. The currency is given for free to pupils, who can use it to buy education from older pupils. The currency propagates from lower grades to higher grades in schools and finally propagates to universities where it is used to buy education from the state. At this","title":"Saber (sectoral currency)"},{"psg_id":"15347805","text":"Saber (sectoral currency) The Saber (Portuguese for \"to know\") currency is a proposal of an educational sectoral currency initially presented in Brazil. It would be handed out by the ministry of education. The currency is given for free to pupils, who can use it to buy education from older pupils. The currency propagates from lower grades to higher grades in schools and finally propagates to universities where it is used to buy education from the state. At this point it is collected and returned to the ministry. The duration the currency remains valid is limited in order to encourage fast","title":"Saber (sectoral currency)"},{"psg_id":"14845181","text":"You can use Relative currency strength for pattern trading as well, among basic patterns which can be used are: cross, trend break, trend follow,divergencies divergencies. Relative currency strength The Relative currency strength (RCS) is a technical indicator used in the technical analysis of forex market. It is intended to chart the current and historical strength or weakness of a currency based on the closing prices of a recent trading period. It is based on Relative Strength Index and mathematical decorrelation of 28 cross currency pairs. It shows relative strength momentum of selected major currency. (EUR, GBP, AUD, NZD, USD, CAD,","title":"Relative currency strength"},{"psg_id":"14187980","text":"Currency transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions. The tax is associated with the financial sector and is a type of financial transaction tax, as opposed to a consumption tax paid by consumers, though the tax may be passed on by the financial institution to the customer. Currency transaction taxes have been proposed as taxes on domestic currency usage as part of the automated payment transaction (APT) tax and on international currency transactions, the Tobin tax and the Spahn tax. The automated payment transaction (APT) tax was","title":"Currency transaction tax"},{"psg_id":"6927048","text":"2013. In 2008, Crane acquired Visual Physics, a subsidiary of Nanoventions, based in Atlanta, Georgia. This purchase gave Crane exclusive control of Motion micro-optic security technology that is used for the protection of banknotes. Crane Currency Crane Currency is a manufacturer of cotton-based paper products used in the printing of national currencies, passports and banknotes. Crane remains the sole supplier of paper for use in U.S. currency (Federal Reserve Notes). Stephen Crane was the first in the Crane family to become a papermaker, buying his first mill, \"The Liberty Paper Mill\", in 1770. He sold currency-type paper to engraver Paul","title":"Crane Currency"},{"psg_id":"6927043","text":"Crane Currency Crane Currency is a manufacturer of cotton-based paper products used in the printing of national currencies, passports and banknotes. Crane remains the sole supplier of paper for use in U.S. currency (Federal Reserve Notes). Stephen Crane was the first in the Crane family to become a papermaker, buying his first mill, \"The Liberty Paper Mill\", in 1770. He sold currency-type paper to engraver Paul Revere, who printed the American Colonies' first paper money. In 1801, Crane was founded by Zenas Crane, Henry Wiswall and John Willard. The company's original mill had a daily output of 20 posts (1","title":"Crane Currency"},{"psg_id":"6235909","text":"euro has strengthened, or both. On the other hand, if the EUR/USD (or EURUSD) quote changes from 1.2500 to 1.2490 the euro has become relatively weaker than the dollar. The rules for formulating standard currency pair notations result from accepted priorities attributed to each currency. From its inception in 1999 and as stipulated by the European Central Bank, the euro has first precedence as a base currency. Therefore, all currency pairs involving it should use it as their base, listed first. For example, the US dollar and euro exchange rate is identified as EUR/USD. Although there is no standards-setting body","title":"Currency pair"},{"psg_id":"5067796","text":"oil, services, etc.). A time-based currency is valued by the time required to perform a service in hours, notwithstanding the potential market value of the service. Another type of complementary monetary systems is the barter, an exchange of specific goods or services is performed without the use of any currency. In 1982, the most widespread auxiliary currency system, the Local Exchange Trading Systems, was created. It regulates the exchange of goods and services between the members of the cooperative. Examples for an investment system of complementary currency are the Automatic Social Financial Network (ASFN) and the international crowdsourcing and crowd-funding","title":"Complementary currency"},{"psg_id":"4183541","text":"bitcoin is a digital currency but also a type of virtual currency. Bitcoin and its alternatives are based on cryptographic algorithms, so these kinds of virtual currencies are also called cryptocurrencies. Most of the traditional money supply is bank money held on computers. This is also considered digital currency. One could argue that our increasingly cashless society means that all currencies are becoming digital, but they are not presented to us as such. Currency can be exchanged electronically using debit cards and credit cards using electronic funds transfer at point of sale. A number of electronic money systems use contactless","title":"Digital currency"},{"psg_id":"4183535","text":"Digital currency Digital currency (digital money, electronic money or electronic currency) is a type of currency available in digital form (in contrast to physical, such as banknotes and coins). It exhibits properties similar to physical currencies, but can allow for instantaneous transactions and borderless transfer-of-ownership. Examples include virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies and central bank issued money accounted for in a computer database (including digital base money). Like traditional money, these currencies may be used to buy physical goods and services, but may also be restricted to certain communities such as for use inside an online game or social network. Digital","title":"Digital currency"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810778\",\n \"text\": \"week.\\\" VanDerWerff of the \\\"LA Times\\\", Ryan of the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\", Sepinwall of \\\"The Star-Ledger\\\", Jensen of \\\"Entertainment Weekly\\\" and Mark Medley of the \\\"National Post\\\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million American viewers and 1.57 million Canadian viewers. What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010,\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810760\",\n \"text\": \"What Kate Does \\\"What Kate Does\\\" is the 106th television episode of the American Broadcasting Company's \\\"Lost\\\" and third episode of the sixth season. It was written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz and directed in September 2009 by Paul Edwards. \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was first aired February 9, 2010, on ABC in the United States and on CTV in Canada. Kate Austen is the character on whom the episode is centered. In December 2007, Kate Austen chases after James \\\"Sawyer\\\" Ford (Josh Holloway), who escapes from the Others' captivity in the island's temple and is grieving over\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945153\",\n \"text\": \"What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four years, as Anderson went into a brief retirement and officially retired from releasing singles. The singles from this disc were \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" (a cover version of The Drifters' hit), \\\"What He Does Best\\\", and \\\"How Many Hearts\\\". \\\"Under the Boardwalk\\\" reached No. 24; the\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810767\",\n \"text\": \"reviews\\\"; however, this was down significantly from the previous episode's 89 and Bonnie Covel of About.com noted that \\\" 'What Kate Does' brought us a bit of negativity. In general, fans just didn't like the episode\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was largely considered to be a step down from the season premiere in pacing, revelations and writing; Mike Hale of \\\"The New York Times\\\" described the episode as \\\"contemplative\\\", \\\"anticlimactic\\\" and \\\"subdued\\\" and the flash sideways as \\\"kind of boring and seemingly pointless.\\\" Chris Carabott of IGN, who gave the episode a score of 7.3 summed up that \\\" 'What Kate\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18990721\",\n \"text\": \"What Really Happens in Thailand What Really Happens in Thailand is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network. The program was first announced at the network's upfronts in 2014. The series is a spin-off of the 2014 program \\\"What Really Happens in Bali\\\" and produced by the same production company McAvoy Media. The series films the activities and situations of Australian tourists and expats in various locations throughout Thailand, including nightclubs, hospitals and cosmetic surgery centres. The series premiered in Australia on the Seven Network on 14 September 2015, airing on Monday nights until the\",\n \"title\": \"What Really Happens in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10945154\",\n \"text\": \"other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \\\"How Many Hearts\\\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best What She Does Best is a studio album by country singer Lynn Anderson, released in 1988. It was her only album with Mercury records. Notable due to featuring her last charting single, \\\"What She Does Best\\\" did not chart and was commercially unsuccessful. It would be her last album for four\",\n \"title\": \"What She Does Best\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8557362\",\n \"text\": \"the result in. The application software then calculates and displays the corresponding amount of money. Currency converters aim to maintain real-time information on current market or bank exchange rates, so that the calculated result changes whenever the value of either of the component currencies does. They do so by connecting to a database of current currency exchange rates. The frequency at which currency converters update the exchange rates they use varies: Yahoo currency converter updates its rates every day, while Convert My Money< every hour. Currency converters usually display a value that is not biased towards buying or selling. This\",\n \"title\": \"Currency converter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69242\",\n \"text\": \"currency for each note of a foreign government held, as Ecuador currently does. Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of or occasionally also occur. Some currencies do not have any smaller units at all, such as the Icelandic króna. Mauritania and Madagascar are the only remaining countries that do not use the decimal system; instead, the Mauritanian ouguiya is in theory divided into\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18990722\",\n \"text\": \"fifth episode of the series, when the show was moved to Thursday nights. After episode six, the series was pulled from the schedule until the television non-ratings period, when episode seven premiered on a Tuesday night however it did not reach the top 20 most watched programs for the first time in the program's season. A second spin-off of the format followed in 2016, titled \\\"What Really Happens on the Gold Coast\\\". What Really Happens in Thailand What Really Happens in Thailand is an Australian reality documentary television series that airs on the Seven Network. The program was first announced\",\n \"title\": \"What Really Happens in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5644206\",\n \"text\": \"who will pass it on to the American company so it can pay its U.S. bondholders. At maturity, the American company will pay £100 million to the swap bank who will pass it on to the British company so it can pay its British bondholders. It is well recognized that traditional \\\"textbook\\\" theory does not price cross currency (basis) swaps correctly, because it assumes the funding cost in each currency to be equal to its floating rate, thus always giving a zero cross currency spread. This is clearly contrary to what is observed in the market. In reality, market participants\",\n \"title\": \"Currency swap\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926463\",\n \"text\": \"was first used on the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll\\\" which later became \\\"You'll Be Under My Wheels\\\". The second time they used it is from a song called \\\"Lyrical Terrorist\\\" which later became \\\"Serial Thrilla\\\", but it was soon used on the album \\\"The Day Is My Enemy\\\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9926460\",\n \"text\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \\\"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\\\" (also written as \\\"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\\\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \\\"nigga\\\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \\\"Scoopy Rap\\\" and \\\"Family Rap\\\" in 1979, and \\\"New York\",\n \"title\": \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050855\",\n \"text\": \"of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\\\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \\\"The Rough Guide to Rock\\\", however, called it \\\"as half-baked as its title\\\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050853\",\n \"text\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \\\"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\\\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014933\",\n \"text\": \"and the covers featuring Morrissey are now very rare and collectible. \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" was released without an accompanying music video. Speaking to Tony Fletcher on \\\"The Tube\\\" in 1984, Morrissey remarked that he felt that the video market was something that was going to \\\"die very quickly\\\", and that he wanted to \\\"herald the death\\\" of it. What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014931\",\n \"text\": \"What Difference Does It Make? \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is a song by the English rock band the Smiths, written by singer Morrissey and guitarist Johnny Marr. It was the band's third single and is featured on their debut album, \\\"The Smiths\\\". A different version, recorded for the John Peel Show on BBC Radio 1, is included in the compilation album \\\"Hatful of Hollow\\\". The song was one of the band's first significant chart hits, peaking at No. 12 in the UK Singles Chart. However, Morrissey has said \\\"What Difference Does It Make?\\\" is among his least favourite songs\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067789\",\n \"text\": \"use: local or community currencies are complementary currencies used within a locality or other form of community (such as business-based or online communities); regional currencies are similar to local currencies but used within a larger geographical region; and sectoral currencies are complementary currencies used within a single economic sector, such as education or health care. Many private currencies are complementary currencies issued by private businesses or organizations. Other terms include alternative currency, auxiliary currency, and microcurrency. Mutual credit is a form of alternative currency, and thus any form of lending that does not go through the banking system can be\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701664\",\n \"text\": \"financial assets denominated in a foreign currency. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution, for example, Argentina and Peru were both in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s. \\\"Dollarization\\\", when referring to currency substitution, does not necessarily involve use of the United States dollar. The currencies that have been used as substitutes have been the US dollar, the euro, and the Australian dollar. After the gold standard was abandoned at the outbreak of World War I and the Bretton Woods Conference following World War II, some countries sought exchange rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13879805\",\n \"text\": \"eucalypt conservation, cultivation, ecology, physiology, systematics, and taxonomy. Additional research consists of the cut flower industry and honey production, as well as tree use, such as firewood, shade, and windbreaks. Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees.\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Creek Arboretum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810761\",\n \"text\": \"the death of his love Juliet Burke (Elizabeth Mitchell) just hours earlier. In flash sideways to September 22, 2004, Kate assists a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) while on the run as a fugitive. The title alludes to the second season episode \\\"What Kate Did\\\". \\\"What Kate Does\\\" was watched by eleven million Americans and received mixed reviews by audiences and critics alike. In flash sideways, Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) flees LAX in a taxicab she has hijacked, in which a pregnant Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin) is a passenger. The cab driver (David H. Lawrence XVII) bails and\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3664841\",\n \"text\": \"than what was taxed out of circulation, the currency depreciated in relation to the British pound sterling. The resultant inflation was harmful to merchants in Great Britain, who were forced to accept the depreciated currency from colonists for payment of debts. The Act limited the future issue of bills of credit to certain circumstances. It allowed the existing bills to be used as legal tender for public debts (i.e. paying taxes), but disallowed their use for private debts (e.g. for paying merchants). The Currency Act 1764 (4 Geo. III c. 34) extended the 1751 Act to all of the British\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8656489\",\n \"text\": \"to its regulations defining currency as \\\"the coin and paper money of the United States or of any other country that [i] is designated as legal tender and that [ii] circulates and [iii] is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issuance\\\", also called \\\"real currency\\\" by FinCEN, defined virtual currency as \\\"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\\\". In particular, virtual currency does not have legal tender status in any jurisdiction. In 2014, the European Banking Authority defined\",\n \"title\": \"Virtual currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10159600\",\n \"text\": \"Currency-counting machine A currency-counting machine is a machine that counts money—either stacks of banknotes or loose collections of coins. Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage. Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money has been deposited by customers. In some modern automated teller machines, currency counters allow for cash deposits without envelopes, since they can identify which bills have been inserted instead of just how many. The user is given the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency-counting machine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980606\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series commenced in January 2017. Reviewing Series 1, Episode 1 for \\\"Radio Times\\\", Tristram Fane Saunders found the show suited Amos \\\"down to the ground; there's a touch of \\\"Seinfeld\\\" about \\\"What Does the K Stand for?\\\" in the way it flows from stand up into a deliciously awkward\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12848972\",\n \"text\": \"Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI). The table below shows the statistics as of 31 December 2016 in billions of US dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the year. The total value is $4,687 billion. China is not part of the calculation and may be over a trillion dollars today. That leaves over 160 countries not calculated. The calculation also does not include Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ripple, whose total value in circulation exceeds one hundred billion dollars. Circulation (currency) In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for\",\n \"title\": \"Circulation (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8050854\",\n \"text\": \"lyrics of the Beatles song \\\"She Said, She Said\\\". \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \\\"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\\\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \\\"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\\\" \\\"Trouser Press\\\" called it \\\"even better\\\" than \\\"Script of the Bridge\\\", \\\"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics\",\n \"title\": \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663178\",\n \"text\": \"the bomb that Slater set explodes, badly burning one of them. \\\"What Does The Bee Do?\\\" is a children's poem from the late 1800s by Christina Rossetti. Margaret Schroeder's daughter recites it in the episode. \\\"IGN\\\" gave the episode a score of 8.5 out of 10, saying that it \\\"effortlessly hits that sweet spot between advancing the plot while developing characters, much in the same way that the Season 2 premiere did.\\\" \\\"The A.V. Club\\\" rated the episode an \\\"A-\\\". The episode was watched by 2.546 million viewers. It fell two tenths, to 1.0 million adults 18-49 rating. What Does\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16663175\",\n \"text\": \"What Does the Bee Do? \\\"What Does the Bee Do?\\\" is the fourth episode of the second season of the HBO television series \\\"Boardwalk Empire\\\", and 16th episode overall. First aired on October 16, 2011, it was written by executive story editor Steve Kornacki and directed by Ed Bianchi. Nucky looks to Rothstein for a port to receive alcohol, since the Coast Guard is blockading Atlantic City. Rothstein instructs Lansky and Luciano to oversee the Philadelphia delivery. Nucky also sends Owen Sleater to bomb Doyle's still. Margaret asks for 'money for the children' from Nucky, which she proceeds to hide\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the Bee Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69236\",\n \"text\": \"mostly paper, but Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation developed the world's first polymer currency in the 1980s that went into circulation on the nation's bicentenary in 1988. Now used in some 22 countries (over 40 if counting commemorative issues), polymer currency dramatically improves the life span of banknotes and prevents counterfeiting. Currency use is based on the concept of lex monetae; that a sovereign state decides which currency it shall use. Currently, the International Organization for Standardization has introduced a three-letter system of codes (ISO 4217) to define currency (as opposed to simple names or currency signs), in\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810777\",\n \"text\": \"that it by no means compared to \\\"LA X\\\", but stated that it \\\"contain[ed] scenes of incredible beauty, based on character work and stakes earned over five seasons [that] made it a fine, if imperfect, hour.\\\" McGee also commented that the scene in which Claire arrives at the hospital and is helped by Ethan as \\\"freakin' outstanding\\\" and called \\\"What Kate Does\\\" \\\"one of the funniest in the show's history. Aldo, Hurley, and Miles all got off plenty of zingers, which will be necessary in a season in which both mythological and dramatic stakes are raising higher and higher each\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810770\",\n \"text\": \"doesn't quite know how to write a woman of action who's also in love … many of the show's Kate flashbacks are just plain silly … there have been a lot of pretty dire Kate episodes.\\\" Whitney Matheson of \\\"USA Today\\\" said that she \\\"wanted to stab Kate with a hot poker\\\" after watching \\\"What Kate Does\\\". Josh Holloway's supporting performance as a grieving Sawyer was commended by Carabott of IGN, who said that his acting on the dock as he cried and revealed to Kate that he was going to ask Juliet to marry him was \\\"one of Josh\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13810766\",\n \"text\": \"had hidden and later talks with Kate at Dharma's dock. He explains that he planned to propose to Juliet and that he blames himself for her death, saying that he convinced her to stay on the island with him because he was lonely. Meanwhile, Jin is caught by the Others, who want to kill him instead of taking him back. Suddenly, someone shoots them and Jin is shocked to see that the shooter is Claire. The episode has received mixed reviews. Critical review aggregate website Metacritic awarded \\\"What Kate Does\\\" a score of 64 out of 100, indicating \\\"generally favorable\",\n \"title\": \"What Kate Does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69246\",\n \"text\": \"with few options other than to create a local currency. The following table are estimates of the 15 most frequently used currencies in world payments from 2012 to 2018 by SWIFT. Related concepts Accounting units Lists Currency A currency (from , \\\"in circulation\\\", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a \\\"system of money\\\" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69219\",\n \"text\": \"Currency A currency (from , \\\"in circulation\\\", from ), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a \\\"system of money\\\" (monetary units) in common use, especially in a nation. Under this definition, US dollars, British pounds, Australian dollars, European euros and Russian ruble are examples of currency. These various currencies are recognized as stores of value and are traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19980608\",\n \"text\": \"feel less like real people than excuses to weave in a few good dad jokes\\\". Overall, Elan found, \\\"What lifts the show are the elements of diaspora life weaved throughout, as when Aunty Princess visits from Nigeria and accuses Virginia [Stephen's mother] of cultural betrayal ('You have adopted too many fine and fancy British ways'). Stephen defends the family by suggesting she should 'go back home', prompting him to reflect that he has turned into his own racist enemy. It's unexpectedly thoughtful stuff, suggesting the third series may be even better.\\\" What Does the K Stand For? What Does the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does the K Stand For?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7664539\",\n \"text\": \"is generally increased by adding currency exposure, yet there is no risk premium earned for that added volatility in the long term. Thus investors with international portfolios often hedge their currency risk, normally using forward currency contracts, currency swaps, currency futures contracts, or currency options. Currency hedging can be done passively or actively. The stream of returns from passive currency overlay is negatively correlated with international equities, has an expected return of zero, and does not employ any capital. The overlay manager uses forward contracts to match the portfolio’s currency exposures in such a way as to insure against exchange\",\n \"title\": \"Currency overlay\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7352384\",\n \"text\": \"Time in Thailand Thailand follows , which is 7 hours ahead of UTC. The local mean time in Bangkok was originally . Thailand used this local mean time until 1920, when it changed to Indochina Time, , ICT is used all year round as Thailand does not observe daylight saving time. Thailand declared that people would move their clocks ahead by 17 minutes, 56 seconds to match the time in use in Southeast Asia ( hrs and ahead of Greenwich Mean Time) on 31 March 1920. The time was switched on 1 April 1920 at 06:00 (old time) to 06:17:56\",\n \"title\": \"Time in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701683\",\n \"text\": \"effect of this regulation on the pattern of currency substitution depends on the public's expectations of macroeconomic stability and the sustainability of the foreign exchange regime. Currency substitution Currency substitution or dollarization is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial. Most, if not all, full currency substitution has taken place after a major economic crisis, for example, Ecuador and El Salvador in Latin America and Zimbabwe in Africa. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use those of their\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1701663\",\n \"text\": \"Currency substitution Currency substitution or dollarization is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency. Currency substitution can be full or partial. Most, if not all, full currency substitution has taken place after a major economic crisis, for example, Ecuador and El Salvador in Latin America and Zimbabwe in Africa. Some small economies, for whom it is impractical to maintain an independent currency, use those of their larger neighbours; for example Liechtenstein uses the Swiss Franc. Partial currency substitution occurs when residents of a country choose to hold a significant share of their\",\n \"title\": \"Currency substitution\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7134141\",\n \"text\": \"a single world currency is unnecessary, because the U.S. dollar is providing many of the benefits of a world currency while avoiding some of the costs. If the world does not form an optimum currency area, then it would be economically inefficient for the world to share one currency. In the present world, nations are not able to work together closely enough to be able to produce and support a common currency. There has to be a high level of trust between different countries before a true world currency could be created. A world currency might even undermine national sovereignty\",\n \"title\": \"World currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69241\",\n \"text\": \"Several countries can use the same name for their own separate currencies (for example, \\\"dollar\\\" in Australia, Canada and the United States). By contrast, several countries can also use the same currency (for example, the euro or the CFA franc), or one country can declare the currency of another country to be legal tender. For example, Panama and El Salvador have declared US currency to be legal tender, and from 1791 to 1857, Spanish silver coins were legal tender in the United States. At various times countries have either re-stamped foreign coins, or used currency board issuing one note of\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183543\",\n \"text\": \"Central Bank as \\\"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\\\". The US Department of Treasury in 2013 defined it more tersely as \\\"a medium of exchange that operates like a currency in some environments, but does not have all the attributes of real currency\\\". The key attribute a virtual currency does not have according to these definitions, is the status as legal tender. Since 2001, the European Union has implemented the E-Money Directive \\\"on the taking up, pursuit and prudential\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3703477\",\n \"text\": \"began a similar copycat advertising campaign in Ireland stating that its product \\\"does exactly what it says on the tube\\\". The phrase is a registered trademark of the Sherwin-Williams Company, the owner of Ronseal, across the European Community for products including paints, varnishes, and wood preservatives (E3085826). In 2007, a song titled \\\"What It Says on the Tin\\\" was released by the British singer Katie Melua. Although the song is about relationships, the phrase has a similar meaning. Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480285\",\n \"text\": \"Helena continue to operate currency boards, backing their locally printed currency notes with pound sterling reserves. A gold standard is a special case of a currency board where the value of the national currency is linked to the value of gold instead of a foreign currency. For a precise definition of what constitutes a currency board, including past examples, see: Currency board A currency board is a monetary authority which is required to maintain a fixed exchange rate with a foreign currency. This policy objective requires the conventional objectives of a central bank to be subordinated to the exchange rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544677\",\n \"text\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency () is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalise acts of currency counterfeiting. It remains the principal international agreement on currency counterfeiting. States that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise the creation, use, and exportation or importation of counterfeit currency. Under the agreement, no distinction is to be made as to what currency is the subject of the crime. Under the treaty, currency counterfeiting is an extraditable offence. States also agree to establish a central office that will forward\",\n \"title\": \"International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14957836\",\n \"text\": \"their capacity to do so. Ratings are based on the openness of a country's economy, export growth and real effective exchange rate (REER) valuation, as well as the scope a country has to weaken its currency without damaging its economy. , Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Chile and Sweden are the most willing and able to intervene, while the UK and New Zealand are among the least. From March 2013, concerns over further currency war diminished, though in November several journalists and analysts warned of a possible fresh outbreak. The likely principal source of tension appeared to shift once again, this time\",\n \"title\": \"Currency war\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544507\",\n \"text\": \"neighborhood in Edwards Landing, Leesburg, Virginia, who every Halloween creates an LED light show with a hit song. This song appears in \\\"Just Dance 2015\\\". This song for Leicester City title song parody \\\"What do the Foxes Say?\\\" in 442oons video. !scope=\\\"col\\\" colspan=\\\"3\\\"| Streaming Note: The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2480282\",\n \"text\": \"to other domestic considerations, and that the fixed exchange rate will, to a large extent, also fix a country's terms of trade, irrespective of economic differences between it and its trading partners. Typically, currency boards have advantages for small, open economies which would find independent monetary policy difficult to sustain. They can also form a credible commitment to low inflation. More than 70 countries have had currency boards. Currency boards were most widespread in the early and mid 20th century. Hong Kong operates a currency board (Hong Kong Monetary Authority), as does Bulgaria. Estonia had a currency board fixed to\",\n \"title\": \"Currency board\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13519959\",\n \"text\": \"G (with Ellis Hall on vocals) covered this tune on his 1986 album \\\"Duotones\\\". What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\\\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\\\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13519957\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love) \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\\\" is a 1968 song that was a 1969 hit single by Jr. Walker & The All Stars. The single was one of Jr. Walker's most successful releases, becoming a hit on both the R&B and pop singles charts. \\\"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love),\\\" written by Johnny Bristol, Harvey Fuqua, and Vernon Bullock, made it into the top five on the Hot 100, and became Jr. Walker's second number one on the R&B charts. The song was also a hit in the\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (To Win Your Love)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6929273\",\n \"text\": \"subsidy. Both inflation and demurrage reduce the purchasing power of money held over time, but demurrage does so through fixed regular fees, while inflation does it in a variety of ways. Inflation is certainly not always everywhere a monetary phenomenon. Inflation is not always easy to predict & it does not stay fixed through time, but the level of demurrage is fixed by the Government. Gresham's law that \\\"bad money drives out good\\\" suggests that demurrage fees would mean that a currency would suffer more rapid circulation than competing forms of currency. This led some such as German-Argentine economist Silvio\",\n \"title\": \"Demurrage (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4105804\",\n \"text\": \"Currency union A currency union (also known as monetary union) involves two or more states sharing the same currency without them necessarily having any further integration (such as an economic and monetary union, which would have, in addition, a customs union and a single market). Three types of currency unions exist: The theory of the optimal currency area addresses the question of how to determine what geographical regions should share a currency in order to maximize economic efficiency. Note: Every customs and monetary union and economic and monetary union also has a currency union. Additionally the autonomous and dependent territories,\",\n \"title\": \"Currency union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"69233\",\n \"text\": \"tender, and accepted by governments for taxes. However, the instability in the ratio between the two grew over the course of the 19th century, with the increases both in supply of these metals, particularly silver, and in trade. The parallel use of both metals is called bimetallism, and the attempt to create a bimetallic standard where both gold and silver backed currency remained in circulation occupied the efforts of inflationists. Governments at this point could use currency as an instrument of policy, printing paper currency such as the United States Greenback, to pay for military expenditures. They could also set\",\n \"title\": \"Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8557364\",\n \"text\": \"software internalization (i18n) and how the Forex (foreign exchange) market works, where most conversions have 4 decimal places, although some currency pairs also have 5. Most currency converters use up to 4. Some currency conversion software converts currency alongside information regarding the currencies. This information can be very helpful for travelers and those looking to make money by trading currency. These currency conversion programs seek to arm the user with knowledge that can lead the user to an educated guess about the future fluctuations of a country’s currency. A trader would seek to buy the currency at a low rate\",\n \"title\": \"Currency converter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11932059\",\n \"text\": \"December 2006, Bang Khun Phrom Palace celebrated its centenary and a traditional Thai performance was conducted in celebration. Bank of Thailand Museum Bank of Thailand Museum is a museum in Bangkok, Thailand. The museum is housed in the Bang Khun Phrom Palace, the former residence of Prince Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, who was the 33rd son of King Chulalongkorn. The Bank of Thailand, Northern Region also has a museum in Chiang Mai. The museum has 14 rooms many of which display the history of Thai currency and the Bank of Thailand. The age range of the coins differs greatly and there are\",\n \"title\": \"Bank of Thailand Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11932057\",\n \"text\": \"Bank of Thailand Museum Bank of Thailand Museum is a museum in Bangkok, Thailand. The museum is housed in the Bang Khun Phrom Palace, the former residence of Prince Paribatra Sukhumbandhu, who was the 33rd son of King Chulalongkorn. The Bank of Thailand, Northern Region also has a museum in Chiang Mai. The museum has 14 rooms many of which display the history of Thai currency and the Bank of Thailand. The age range of the coins differs greatly and there are many ancient Thai coins found at excavation sites such as Funan coins (1st – 7th centuries), Sri Vijaya\",\n \"title\": \"Bank of Thailand Museum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15968633\",\n \"text\": \"number of coins. Trays used to handle currency, often sorting by denomination. Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \\\"curled\\\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together\",\n \"title\": \"Currency packaging\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12848969\",\n \"text\": \"Circulation (currency) In monetary economics, circulation is the continuing use of individual units of a currency for transactions. Thus currency in circulation is the total value of currency (coins and paper currency) that has ever been issued minus the amount that has been removed from the economy by the central bank. More broadly, money in circulation is the total money supply of a country, which can be defined in various ways always including currency and also including some types of bank deposits. Standard money is the basic currency circulating within a monetary system. It has legal recognition for prices and\",\n \"title\": \"Circulation (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19095970\",\n \"text\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song) \\\"What Does It Take\\\" is a song by American singer Dave Days. It served as the third and final single from his 2010 EP \\\"Dinner and a Movie\\\". It is one of Dave's most recognizable songs, and was also played on Disney Channel's So Random!. The song's music video is set in a high school, where Dave realizes he has gotten the lead part in the school play. Amanda Lynn (Days' interest in the video) sees she has gotten the second lead, and runs to her boyfriend, who ignores her. Days and Lynn\",\n \"title\": \"What Does It Take (Dave Days song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17544483\",\n \"text\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?) \\\"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\\\" is an electronic dance novelty song and viral video by Norwegian comedy duo Ylvis. The top trending video of 2013 on YouTube, \\\"The Fox\\\" was posted on the video-sharing website on 3 September 2013, and has received over 800 million views as of November 2018. \\\"The Fox\\\" peaked at the top of the Norwegian Singles Chart and was hugely successful in the United States, where it peaked at number six on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 for three consecutive weeks, and was, before the US release of\",\n \"title\": \"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3281574\",\n \"text\": \"security token that changes the passphrase with each logon, but charges the account holder USD $99.50 for the token. E-bullion does not require customers to use the Cryptocard, so account holders who choose not to get one may suffer from the same security issues as e-gold customers. Pecunix devised a unique rotating key system that provides many of the benefits of a security token without requiring the user to buy one. Pecunix also supports the use of PGP signatures to access an account, which is probably the strongest of all authentication methods. Digital gold currency is a form of representative\",\n \"title\": \"Digital gold currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"414562\",\n \"text\": \"neighbouring developing economies of Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia. In the third quarter of 2014, the unemployment rate in Thailand stood at 0.84% according to Thailand's National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB). Thailand experienced the world's highest economic growth rate from 1985 to 1996 – averaging 12.4% annually. In 1997 increased pressure on the baht, a year in which the economy contracted by 1.9%, led to a crisis that uncovered financial sector weaknesses and forced the Chavalit Yongchaiyudh administration to float the currency. Prime Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh was forced to resign after his cabinet came under fire for its slow\",\n \"title\": \"Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19648063\",\n \"text\": \"to forecasted cash flows and don’t allow hedging economic risk. Currency analytics allow companies to mitigate cash flow risk by uncovering accounting exposures to match the economic exposures so the company can hedge the accounting exposure as a proxy. Currency analytics enable what/if scenario analysis so companies can model how volatility in particular currencies could impact their revenue and expenses in the future. Currency analytics Companies that do business in more than one currency are exposed to exchange rate risk – that is, changes in the value of one currency versus another. Exchange rate risk (also known as foreign exchange\",\n \"title\": \"Currency analytics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15809784\",\n \"text\": \"needed to try to reduce volatility in the currency but \\\"a country like ours can[not] forcibly change the fundamental direction of our currency.\\\" Over the first nine months of 2010 the baht had risen in value by 11 percent, the second largest appreciation of Asia's 11 most heavily traded currencies. There were also concerns that exports may slow: sales to foreigners make up almost two-thirds of Thai's economic activity. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva also said Thailand may step up efforts to prevent currency appreciation from hurting its exporters. Africa was hit harder by the global financial crises than other emerging\",\n \"title\": \"Currency War of 2009–11\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11958748\",\n \"text\": \"be balanced by a more straightforwardly descriptive view. The term is used in many fields including biology and management. The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11958746\",\n \"text\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid, Spain, in October 2001, he said \\\"According to the cybernetician, the purpose of a system is what it does. This is a basic dictum. It stands for bald fact, which makes a better starting point in seeking understanding than the familiar attributions of good intention, prejudices about expectations, moral judgment,\",\n \"title\": \"The purpose of a system is what it does\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7876141\",\n \"text\": \"Currency appreciation and depreciation Currency depreciation is the loss of value of a country's currency with respect to one or more foreign reference currencies, typically in a floating exchange rate system in which no official currency value is maintained. Currency appreciation in the same context is an increase in the value of the currency. Short-term changes in the value of a currency is reflected in changes in the exchange rate. In a floating exchange rate system, a currency's value goes up (or down) if the demand for it goes up more (or less) than the supply does. In the short\",\n \"title\": \"Currency appreciation and depreciation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7134126\",\n \"text\": \"World currency In the foreign exchange market and international finance, a world currency, supranational currency, or global currency is a currency that is transacted internationally, with no set borders. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the use of silver Spanish dollars or \\\"pieces of eight\\\" spread from the Spanish territories in the Americas westwards to Asia and eastwards to Europe, forming the first worldwide currency. Spain's political supremacy on the world stage, the importance of Spanish commercial routes across the Atlantic and the Pacific, and the coin's quality and purity of silver helped it become internationally accepted for over two\",\n \"title\": \"World currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6235907\",\n \"text\": \"a dot or a dash. A widely traded currency pair is the relation of the euro against the US dollar, designated as EUR/USD. The quotation \\\"EUR/USD 1.2500\\\" means that one euro is exchanged for 1.2500 US dollars. Here, EUR is the base currency and USD is the quote currency(counter currency). This means that 1 Euro can be exchangeable to 1.25 US Dollars. The most traded currency pairs in the world are called the \\\"Majors\\\". They involve the currencies euro, US dollar, Japanese yen, pound sterling, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and the Swiss franc. Currency quotations use the abbreviations for currencies\",\n \"title\": \"Currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3208813\",\n \"text\": \"form of electronic money. In science fiction set in the near future, modern currency names are often used. The selection of familiar currencies such as the dollar or yen, particularly in the far future, may be used to make suggestions about the way history unfolded; however, it would seem strange for aliens to use a recognizable currency. Fictional currency A fictional currency is some form of currency defined, or alluded to, in works of fiction. The names of units of such currency are sometimes based on extant or historic currencies (e.g. \\\"Altairian dollars\\\" or \\\"Earth yen\\\") while other names, such\",\n \"title\": \"Fictional currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15968631\",\n \"text\": \"Currency packaging Currency packaging includes several forms of packing money for easy handling and counting. Many systems use standard color-coding or are marked to indicate the amount in the package. Currency straps, also known as currency bands or bill straps, are a type of fastener used to secure discrete numbers of bills. Typically, currency bands have attached ends so bills are \\\"curled\\\" and slipped into the band whereas currency straps contain adhesive on the ends to secure them around the bills after wrapping. Generated bundles are packed together in groups of 10 (1000 banknotes) and vacuumized. A cliche print containing\",\n \"title\": \"Currency packaging\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15407906\",\n \"text\": \"Gender identities in Thailand In Thailand, as elsewhere, one can find several different gender roles, identities and diverse visual markers of masculinity and femininity. The demand for positive self-identity is growing in Thailand and support is growing. Most of the identities oddly use English terms that are \\\"overloaded\\\" (reassigned meanings). A heterosexual male is the only sexuallity, which refers not just to physical sex but gender identity as well. Note this may differ from Western ideas of heterosexual male, to which \\\"lesbian sex\\\" has been eroticized. This means he seeks a traditional Thai female, but does not accept as a\",\n \"title\": \"Gender identities in Thailand\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5247256\",\n \"text\": \"four primary and six secondary criteria. Up to the fiscal year 2011, only Ghana has been able to meet all the primary criteria in any single fiscal year. The four primary criteria to be achieved by each member country are: The six secondary criteria to be achieved by each member country are: The goal of a common currency, first in West African Monetary Institute(WAMI)/West African Monetary Zone(WAMZ) countries – The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Conakry (which is French speaking but does not use the CFA franc), Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone – and later in the whole ECOWAS area, was officially stated\",\n \"title\": \"Eco (currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4831875\",\n \"text\": \"Currency Centre The Currency Centre (also known as the Irish Mint) is the mint of coins and printer of banknotes for the Central Bank of Ireland, including the euro currency. The centre is located at Sandyford, Dublin, Ireland. The centre does not print the complete range of euro banknotes. Other denominations are imported. The centre was designed by the architect Sam Stephenson, for which he won the RIAI Triennial Gold Medal in 1977-1979 and opened for business in 1978. Before the centre was established, Irish coins were produced in the Royal Mint. The first euro coins were minted in the\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Centre\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18580478\",\n \"text\": \"Synthetic currency pair In foreign exchange market, synthetic currency pair or synthetic cross currency pair is an artificial currency pair which generally is not available in market but one needs to trade across those pairs. One highly traded currency, usually United States dollar, which trades with the target currencies, is taken as intermediary currency and offsetting positions are taken on target currencies. The use of synthetic cross currency pairs has become less common with wide availability of most common currency pairs in the market. There are many official currencies worldwide but not all currencies are traded actively in the forex\",\n \"title\": \"Synthetic currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14845183\",\n \"text\": \"strength. Shorter or longer timeframes are used for alternately shorter or longer outlooks. Extreme high and low percentage values occur less frequently but indicate stronger momentum of currency. ACS is in most cases used as support indicator for Relative currency strength indicator. But it can be used by itself for currency trading. One can use Absolute currency strength for pattern trading as well. Combination of RCS and ACS indicators gives entry and exit signals for currency trading. Indicator basic idea is \\\"buy strong currency and sell weak currency\\\". If is X/Y currency pair in uptrend, it shows if it is\",\n \"title\": \"Absolute currency strength\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8947790\",\n \"text\": \"were employed: experimental paper, adding surcharges, overprints, blue end paper, silk fibers, and watermarks to name a few. Fractional currency shields which had single sided specimens were sold to banks to provide a standard for comparison for detecting counterfeits. Postage and fractional currency remained in use until 1876, when Congress authorized the minting of fractional silver coins to redeem the outstanding fractional currency. Three people were depicted on fractional currency during their lifetime: Francis E. Spinner (Treasurer of the United States), William P. Fessenden (U.S. Senator and Secretary of the Treasury), and Spencer M. Clark (Superintendent of the National Currency\",\n \"title\": \"Fractional currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6235911\",\n \"text\": \"crosses. The most common crosses are EUR, JPY, and GBP crosses, but may be against any other currency. The rates are almost universally derived, however, by taking the first currency's rate against the USD and multiplying/dividing by the second currency's rate against the USD. Sometimes the term \\\"base currency\\\" may also refer to the functional currency of a bank or company; usually their domestic currency. For example, a British bank may use GBP as a base currency for accounting, because all profits and losses are converted to sterling. If a EUR/USD position is closed out with a profit in USD\",\n \"title\": \"Currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067797\",\n \"text\": \"community Evolution RA whose members use their own complementary virtual currency \\\"Сyber-gold\\\". The introductory fee paid by the new association members is subsequently directed toward investments in a variety of commercial projects. Some complementary currencies take advantage of demurrage fees, an intentional devaluation of the currency over time, like negative interest. This stimulates market exchanges in the devaluating currency, propagates new participation in the currency system and forces the storage of wealth (hoarding) ability usually reserved for currency into more permanent and better value-holding tools like property, improvement, education, technology, health, equity securities, etc., all of which are sheltered from\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067788\",\n \"text\": \"Complementary currency A complementary currency is a currency or medium of exchange which is not a national currency, but which is thought of as supplementing or complementing national currencies. Complementary currencies are usually not legal tender and their use is based on agreement between the parties exchanging the currency. According to Jérôme Blanc of Laboratoire d'Économie de la Firme et des Institutions, complementary currencies aim to protect, stimulate or orientate the economy. They may also be used to advance particular social, environmental, or political goals. When speaking about complementary currencies, a number of overlapping and often interchangeable terms are in\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"662360\",\n \"text\": \"example is Oakland Grown in Oakland, CA. 3. Mutual Credit currency based on the mutual credit system. This can be further sub-divided into two: a. Time-based currency also known as Time Banks that use time as a measure of value. An example is Dane County Time Bank. b. Trade exchanges and LETS (local exchange trading system) that use price as a measure of value. An example of local currency implemented as a trade exchange is Bay Bucks in the Bay Area of California, USA. LETS were originally started in Vancouver, Canada, there are presently more than 30 LETS systems operating\",\n \"title\": \"Local currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3664839\",\n \"text\": \"the debt from King William’s War. Other colonies quickly followed suit, and by 1715 ten of the thirteen had resorted to the issuance of paper currency. Economist Stanley Finkelstein highlights the advantage of paper currency, “that unless it is backed by specie it is cost free currency.” The paper currency depreciated quickly because the colonies printed more than what was taxed out of circulation. By 1740, Rhode Island bills of exchange were only four percent of face value and those of Massachusetts were eleven percent. The money supply was growing at a much faster rate than that of the overall\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13879803\",\n \"text\": \"Currency Creek Arboretum The Currency Creek Arboretum (CCA; or Currency Creek Arboretum Eucalypt Research Centre) is located in the Australian state of South Australia near the small town of Currency Creek and south of the state capital of Adelaide. CCA is a specialist Eucalypt arboretum and research centre, composed solely of Australian native plants. Privately owned and operated, CCA is open by appointment only and does not charge entry fees. Run by volunteers, there is no paid staff. Dr. Dean Nicolle began looking for land between Mount Compass and Strathalbyn in 1990 to create an arboretum. The specific soil type\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Creek Arboretum\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14210695\",\n \"text\": \"It is still in force unamended. Currency Act 1982 The Currency Act 1982 (c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Following Decimal Day in 1971, when the British monetary system changed from pound/shilling/penny to the metric £1 = 100p system, the new currency was known as the \\\"new pound\\\" and therefore the \\\"new pence\\\". By 1982, the use of \\\"new pence\\\" was out of use, and replaced with \\\"penny\\\". The Act sanctions the use of \\\"penny\\\" rather than \\\"new penny\\\" in common usage, such as on coins produced by the Royal Mint. The Act covers\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act 1982\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14210694\",\n \"text\": \"Currency Act 1982 The Currency Act 1982 (c 3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Following Decimal Day in 1971, when the British monetary system changed from pound/shilling/penny to the metric £1 = 100p system, the new currency was known as the \\\"new pound\\\" and therefore the \\\"new pence\\\". By 1982, the use of \\\"new pence\\\" was out of use, and replaced with \\\"penny\\\". The Act sanctions the use of \\\"penny\\\" rather than \\\"new penny\\\" in common usage, such as on coins produced by the Royal Mint. The Act covers England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.\",\n \"title\": \"Currency Act 1982\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9422226\",\n \"text\": \"which also simulcasts in Maine as WJTO 730) plays the original vinyl \\\"\\\" edit. Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? \\\"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\\\" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album \\\"Chicago Transit Authority\\\" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, \\\"Make Me Smile\\\" and \\\"25 or 6 to 4\\\", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top\",\n \"title\": \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9422222\",\n \"text\": \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? \\\"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\\\" is a song by the rock band Chicago. It was included on their 1969 debut album \\\"Chicago Transit Authority\\\" and released as a single in 1970. The song was written and sung by Robert Lamm. The song was not released as a single until two tracks from the band's second album, \\\"Make Me Smile\\\" and \\\"25 or 6 to 4\\\", had become hits. It became the band's third straight Top 10 single, peaking at in the U.S. and No. 2 in Canada. Because the\",\n \"title\": \"Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3703475\",\n \"text\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin \\\"It does exactly what it says on the tin\\\" was originally an advertising slogan in the United Kingdom, which then became a common idiomatic phrase. It colloquially means that the name of something is an accurate description of its qualities. It is akin to the previously existing phrases \\\"by name and by nature\\\" and \\\"it lives up to its name\\\". It originated in a series of television advertisements by the woodstain and wood-dye manufacturer Ronseal, initiated in 1994 and still being broadcast . The slogan was created by Liz Whiston and Dave\",\n \"title\": \"Does exactly what it says on the tin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8014932\",\n \"text\": \"of the Smiths'. The character Ray Smith in the Jack Kerouac novel \\\"The Dharma Bums\\\" repeatedly says \\\"What difference does it make?\\\" as well as \\\"Pretty girls make graves\\\", the title of another track featured on \\\"The Smiths\\\". The single cover is a photograph of Terence Stamp, taken on the set of the film \\\"The Collector\\\". Originally Stamp denied permission for the still to be used, and some pressings featured Morrissey in a re-enacted scene. In the re-enactment, Morrissey is holding a glass of milk, as opposed to a chloroform pad in the original. However, Stamp later changed his mind,\",\n \"title\": \"What Difference Does It Make?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15347806\",\n \"text\": \"propagation of the currency, and ensure that the number of students arriving in any university doesn't exceed the capacity to handle them. Saber (sectoral currency) The Saber (Portuguese for \\\"to know\\\") currency is a proposal of an educational sectoral currency initially presented in Brazil. It would be handed out by the ministry of education. The currency is given for free to pupils, who can use it to buy education from older pupils. The currency propagates from lower grades to higher grades in schools and finally propagates to universities where it is used to buy education from the state. At this\",\n \"title\": \"Saber (sectoral currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15347805\",\n \"text\": \"Saber (sectoral currency) The Saber (Portuguese for \\\"to know\\\") currency is a proposal of an educational sectoral currency initially presented in Brazil. It would be handed out by the ministry of education. The currency is given for free to pupils, who can use it to buy education from older pupils. The currency propagates from lower grades to higher grades in schools and finally propagates to universities where it is used to buy education from the state. At this point it is collected and returned to the ministry. The duration the currency remains valid is limited in order to encourage fast\",\n \"title\": \"Saber (sectoral currency)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14845181\",\n \"text\": \"You can use Relative currency strength for pattern trading as well, among basic patterns which can be used are: cross, trend break, trend follow,divergencies divergencies. Relative currency strength The Relative currency strength (RCS) is a technical indicator used in the technical analysis of forex market. It is intended to chart the current and historical strength or weakness of a currency based on the closing prices of a recent trading period. It is based on Relative Strength Index and mathematical decorrelation of 28 cross currency pairs. It shows relative strength momentum of selected major currency. (EUR, GBP, AUD, NZD, USD, CAD,\",\n \"title\": \"Relative currency strength\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14187980\",\n \"text\": \"Currency transaction tax A currency transaction tax is a tax placed on the use of currency for various types of transactions. The tax is associated with the financial sector and is a type of financial transaction tax, as opposed to a consumption tax paid by consumers, though the tax may be passed on by the financial institution to the customer. Currency transaction taxes have been proposed as taxes on domestic currency usage as part of the automated payment transaction (APT) tax and on international currency transactions, the Tobin tax and the Spahn tax. The automated payment transaction (APT) tax was\",\n \"title\": \"Currency transaction tax\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6927048\",\n \"text\": \"2013. In 2008, Crane acquired Visual Physics, a subsidiary of Nanoventions, based in Atlanta, Georgia. This purchase gave Crane exclusive control of Motion micro-optic security technology that is used for the protection of banknotes. Crane Currency Crane Currency is a manufacturer of cotton-based paper products used in the printing of national currencies, passports and banknotes. Crane remains the sole supplier of paper for use in U.S. currency (Federal Reserve Notes). Stephen Crane was the first in the Crane family to become a papermaker, buying his first mill, \\\"The Liberty Paper Mill\\\", in 1770. He sold currency-type paper to engraver Paul\",\n \"title\": \"Crane Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6927043\",\n \"text\": \"Crane Currency Crane Currency is a manufacturer of cotton-based paper products used in the printing of national currencies, passports and banknotes. Crane remains the sole supplier of paper for use in U.S. currency (Federal Reserve Notes). Stephen Crane was the first in the Crane family to become a papermaker, buying his first mill, \\\"The Liberty Paper Mill\\\", in 1770. He sold currency-type paper to engraver Paul Revere, who printed the American Colonies' first paper money. In 1801, Crane was founded by Zenas Crane, Henry Wiswall and John Willard. The company's original mill had a daily output of 20 posts (1\",\n \"title\": \"Crane Currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6235909\",\n \"text\": \"euro has strengthened, or both. On the other hand, if the EUR/USD (or EURUSD) quote changes from 1.2500 to 1.2490 the euro has become relatively weaker than the dollar. The rules for formulating standard currency pair notations result from accepted priorities attributed to each currency. From its inception in 1999 and as stipulated by the European Central Bank, the euro has first precedence as a base currency. Therefore, all currency pairs involving it should use it as their base, listed first. For example, the US dollar and euro exchange rate is identified as EUR/USD. Although there is no standards-setting body\",\n \"title\": \"Currency pair\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5067796\",\n \"text\": \"oil, services, etc.). A time-based currency is valued by the time required to perform a service in hours, notwithstanding the potential market value of the service. Another type of complementary monetary systems is the barter, an exchange of specific goods or services is performed without the use of any currency. In 1982, the most widespread auxiliary currency system, the Local Exchange Trading Systems, was created. It regulates the exchange of goods and services between the members of the cooperative. Examples for an investment system of complementary currency are the Automatic Social Financial Network (ASFN) and the international crowdsourcing and crowd-funding\",\n \"title\": \"Complementary currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183541\",\n \"text\": \"bitcoin is a digital currency but also a type of virtual currency. Bitcoin and its alternatives are based on cryptographic algorithms, so these kinds of virtual currencies are also called cryptocurrencies. Most of the traditional money supply is bank money held on computers. This is also considered digital currency. One could argue that our increasingly cashless society means that all currencies are becoming digital, but they are not presented to us as such. Currency can be exchanged electronically using debit cards and credit cards using electronic funds transfer at point of sale. A number of electronic money systems use contactless\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4183535\",\n \"text\": \"Digital currency Digital currency (digital money, electronic money or electronic currency) is a type of currency available in digital form (in contrast to physical, such as banknotes and coins). It exhibits properties similar to physical currencies, but can allow for instantaneous transactions and borderless transfer-of-ownership. Examples include virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies and central bank issued money accounted for in a computer database (including digital base money). Like traditional money, these currencies may be used to buy physical goods and services, but may also be restricted to certain communities such as for use inside an online game or social network. Digital\",\n \"title\": \"Digital currency\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["thai baht"],"string":"[\n \"thai baht\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":884,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is canadian county oklahoma?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"917817","text":"Canadian County, Oklahoma Canadian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 115,541, making it the fifth-most populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is El Reno. The county is named for the Canadian River. Canadian County is also part of the Oklahoma City, OK Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1859, the U.S. Government moved the Caddo of Louisiana from its Brazos reservation in Texas to what would eventually become Canadian County, Oklahoma. Showetat, the last hereditary chief of the Caddos set up his camp near the present Union City,","title":"Canadian County, Oklahoma"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"917817\",\n \"text\": \"Canadian County, Oklahoma Canadian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 115,541, making it the fifth-most populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is El Reno. The county is named for the Canadian River. Canadian County is also part of the Oklahoma City, OK Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1859, the U.S. Government moved the Caddo of Louisiana from its Brazos reservation in Texas to what would eventually become Canadian County, Oklahoma. Showetat, the last hereditary chief of the Caddos set up his camp near the present Union City,\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian County, Oklahoma\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"917822","text":"flows southeast about , where it becomes the southern border of the county. Its course within the county is long, and the elevation where it leaves the county is . Named tributaries include Dry Creek and Boggy Creek, The Cimarron River does not flow through the county, but drains part of the northeastern area via its tributaries: Kingfisher, Dead Indian, Uncle John, Cottonwood, Soldier and Deer Creeks. The Washita River flows more than south of the county, but drains about in the southwest corner of Canadian County. As of the census of 2000, there were 87,697 people, 31,484 households, and","title":"Canadian County, Oklahoma"},{"psg_id":"917819","text":"and settled by white settlers after the April 22, 1889, land run that expropriated Native American land. It was expanded by a second land run in 1892 and finally, the opening of the Cheyenne and Arapaho lands in 1902. El Reno was chosen as the county seat over competitors Reno City, Frisco, and Canadian City. The county was where the last great battle between the Cheyenne, Arapaho and the United States Army took place. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.0%) is water. The county lies mostly","title":"Canadian County, Oklahoma"},{"psg_id":"917821","text":"which empties into the Washita River, itself a tributary of the Red River. The North Canadian River enters Canadian County near the northwest corner, flows generally southeast towards the middle of the county, then turns southward to leave the county about north of the southeastern corner. The river length is about . The elevation drops from at the entry to about at the exit. Its named tributaries are Sixmile Creek, Fourmile Creek, Purcell Creek, Shell Creek and Mustang Creek. The Canadian River enters the western border of the county about north of the southwest corner at an elevation of and","title":"Canadian County, Oklahoma"},{"psg_id":"917825","text":"99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males. The median income for a household in the county was $45,439, and the median income for a family was $51,180. Males had a median income of $35,944 versus $24,631 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,691. About 5.80% of families and 7.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.70% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over. The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Federal Correctional Institution, El Reno in El Reno, Canadian County.","title":"Canadian County, Oklahoma"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"917822\",\n \"text\": \"flows southeast about , where it becomes the southern border of the county. Its course within the county is long, and the elevation where it leaves the county is . Named tributaries include Dry Creek and Boggy Creek, The Cimarron River does not flow through the county, but drains part of the northeastern area via its tributaries: Kingfisher, Dead Indian, Uncle John, Cottonwood, Soldier and Deer Creeks. The Washita River flows more than south of the county, but drains about in the southwest corner of Canadian County. As of the census of 2000, there were 87,697 people, 31,484 households, and\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian County, Oklahoma\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"917819\",\n \"text\": \"and settled by white settlers after the April 22, 1889, land run that expropriated Native American land. It was expanded by a second land run in 1892 and finally, the opening of the Cheyenne and Arapaho lands in 1902. El Reno was chosen as the county seat over competitors Reno City, Frisco, and Canadian City. The county was where the last great battle between the Cheyenne, Arapaho and the United States Army took place. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.0%) is water. The county lies mostly\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian County, Oklahoma\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"917821\",\n \"text\": \"which empties into the Washita River, itself a tributary of the Red River. The North Canadian River enters Canadian County near the northwest corner, flows generally southeast towards the middle of the county, then turns southward to leave the county about north of the southeastern corner. The river length is about . The elevation drops from at the entry to about at the exit. Its named tributaries are Sixmile Creek, Fourmile Creek, Purcell Creek, Shell Creek and Mustang Creek. The Canadian River enters the western border of the county about north of the southwest corner at an elevation of and\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian County, Oklahoma\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"917825\",\n \"text\": \"99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.70 males. The median income for a household in the county was $45,439, and the median income for a family was $51,180. Males had a median income of $35,944 versus $24,631 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,691. About 5.80% of families and 7.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.70% of those under age 18 and 7.20% of those age 65 or over. The Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Federal Correctional Institution, El Reno in El Reno, Canadian County.\",\n \"title\": \"Canadian County, Oklahoma\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["oklahoma city, ok metropolitan statistical area","oklahoma"],"string":"[\n \"oklahoma city, ok metropolitan statistical area\",\n \"oklahoma\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":885,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in which province islamabad is located?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"18875574","text":"From Jhang city, there is an AC and Non-AC bus/van service for Bhakkar and Dera Ismail Khan. Basti Islamabad is just 9km apart from Haiderabad Thall which occurs on Jhang Bhakkar road, this is the same road which is from Islamabad to Karachi through Saraye Muhajir - to- Chakwal, Mianwali, Muzzafar Garh, Multan, BahawalPur, Rahim Yar Khan and Hyderabad. Main Town Basti Islamabad Basti Islamabad Basti Islamabad (), is the town of Mankera Tehsil, of Bhakkar District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated about 290 kilometres west of the city of Lahore. Bhakkar is located in the","title":"Basti Islamabad"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18875574\",\n \"text\": \"From Jhang city, there is an AC and Non-AC bus/van service for Bhakkar and Dera Ismail Khan. Basti Islamabad is just 9km apart from Haiderabad Thall which occurs on Jhang Bhakkar road, this is the same road which is from Islamabad to Karachi through Saraye Muhajir - to- Chakwal, Mianwali, Muzzafar Garh, Multan, BahawalPur, Rahim Yar Khan and Hyderabad. Main Town Basti Islamabad Basti Islamabad Basti Islamabad (), is the town of Mankera Tehsil, of Bhakkar District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated about 290 kilometres west of the city of Lahore. Bhakkar is located in the\",\n \"title\": \"Basti Islamabad\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"616441","text":"surrounding rural areas. However, Islamabad city is part of the Islamabad Capital Territory, while Rawalpindi is part of Rawalpindi District, which is part of province of Punjab . Initially, it was proposed that the three areas would be connected by four major highways: Murree Highway, Islamabad Highway, Soan Highway, and Capital Highway. However, to date only two highways have been constructed: Kashmir Highway (the former Murree Highway) and Islamabad Highway. Plans of constructing Margalla Avenue are also underway. Islamabad is the hub all the governmental activities while Rawalpindi is the centre of all industrial, commercial, and military activities. The two","title":"Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"13630988","text":"the existing Islamabad International Airport. This new airport is located in Fateh Jang, which is 30 km south-west of the city. The construction of the airport project began in April 2007, after a decade-long postponement. It was opened on May 1st 2018. The Centaurus is a mixed-use residential, commercial, and business purpose complex located in Blue Area of Islamabad. The complex is designed by WS Atkins PLC, whose portfolio includes the Burj Al Arab and Jumeirah Beach Hotel in Dubai, and the Bahrain World Trade Center in Bahrain. It is a project of the Pak Gulf Construction (Pvt) Ltd (PGCL)","title":"Developments in Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"201062","text":"of Rawalpindi District, which is part of province of Punjab. Initially, it was proposed that the three areas would be connected by four major highways: Murree Highway, Islamabad Highway, Soan Highway, and Capital Highway. However, to date only two highways have been constructed: Kashmir Highway (the former Murree Highway) and Islamabad Highway. Plans of constructing Margalla Avenue are also underway. Islamabad is the hub all the governmental activities while Rawalpindi is the centre of all industrial, commercial, and military activities. The two cities are considered sister cities and are highly interdependent. Islamabad is a net contributor to the Pakistani economy,","title":"Islamabad Capital Territory"},{"psg_id":"19724921","text":"urban planning, road maintenance, environment control, building control, water supply, sanitation, and other municipal services for the Islamabad Capital Territory. The mayor also chairs the Capital Development Authority (CDA) which has around 4,500 employees; its scope is mainly confined to estate management, sector developments and project executions. Sheikh Ansar Aziz is the first mayor of Islamabad. He took his oath on 4 March 2016. The mayor's office is located in G-6, Islamabad. PML(N) held a two-thirds majority in the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation. Mayor of Islamabad The Mayor of Islamabad () is the mayor who heads Islamabad and the surrounding capital","title":"Mayor of Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"15886932","text":"is located on the Haro River near the town of Khanpur, about from Islamabad. Simli Dam is located north of Islamabad. of the city consists of Margalla Hills National Park. Loi Bher Forest is situated along the Islamabad Highway, covering an area of . Geography of Islamabad Islamabad is located at at the edge of the Pothohar Plateau at the foot of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad Capital Territory. Its elevation is . The modern capital and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi stand side by side and are commonly referred to as the Twin Cities. To the east of","title":"Geography of Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"20359393","text":"southwest of Phase I is named Phase I Extension and covers a total of 16,750 Kanals (8.47 sq km). Located in Zone V of Islamabad near the Kahuta Triangle, with GT Road on its south end and Islamabad Highway on its North. The project was commenced in February 1994. Phase II Extension launched in March 2005 is between Islamabad expressway and Rawalpindi and in Islamabad Territory as compared to Phase I which is in Rawalpindi. Launched on 18 August 2008, it is located adjacent to Phase II in Zone V of Islamabad. All phases have commercial zones. Defence Housing Authority,","title":"Defence Housing Authority, Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"15886931","text":"the southwest. Islamabad is located SSW of Muzaffarabad, east of Peshawar, NNE of Lahore, and WSW of Srinagar, the capital of Indian Kashmir. Tilla Charouni with 1604 meter/ 5263 feet is the highest point in Islamabad district. The area of Islamabad is . A further area is known as the Specified Area, with the Margala Hills in the north and northeast. The southern portion of the city is an undulating plain. It is drained by the Kurang River, on which the Rawal Dam is located. Islamabad's micro-climate is regulated by three artificial reservoirs; Rawal, Simli, and Khanpur Dam. Khanpur Dam","title":"Geography of Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"16201617","text":"Gulberg, Islamabad Gulberg Islamabad is a housing project launched by Intelligence Bureau Employees Cooperative Housing Scheme (IBECHS) in 2005. The project is also known as IBECHS Phase-III, Islamabad. It is located on Islamabad Highway at the intersection of Zone-IV and Zone-V, 3 km from Benazir Bhutto International Airport and 12 km from Islamabad Club. Renowned British Pakistani engineer Abdul Waheed of Urban Planning & Design (Pvt.) Ltd. (UPDL) is the principal project consultant and responsible for the town planning, engineering design and supervision of development work. The master project plan includes the following: Gulberg Greens Farm Houses are available in","title":"Gulberg, Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"16201618","text":"different layouts as follows; Gulberg, Islamabad Gulberg Islamabad is a housing project launched by Intelligence Bureau Employees Cooperative Housing Scheme (IBECHS) in 2005. The project is also known as IBECHS Phase-III, Islamabad. It is located on Islamabad Highway at the intersection of Zone-IV and Zone-V, 3 km from Benazir Bhutto International Airport and 12 km from Islamabad Club. Renowned British Pakistani engineer Abdul Waheed of Urban Planning & Design (Pvt.) Ltd. (UPDL) is the principal project consultant and responsible for the town planning, engineering design and supervision of development work. The master project plan includes the following: Gulberg Greens Farm","title":"Gulberg, Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"13630996","text":"Constitution Avenue. Other features include retail and food courts, banquet and parking. InterContinental Islamabad launched in April 2006 is situated in the heart of the capital's diplomatic enclave and set against the backdrop of the Himalayan foothills. The hotel will feature 260 spacious guest rooms, styled along contemporary lines combined with local accents, three restaurants including Italian and Chinese cuisine specialty restaurants, a full-service spa with gym facilities and an outdoor pool. The hotel will be operated by InterContinental Hotels and Resorts. The World Trade Center, Islamabad project was launched in March 2007 and located in the heart of Phase-II","title":"Developments in Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"6140324","text":"CUI is a multi-campus university, with main campus located in Islamabad. Campuses of CUI are located in Lahore, Attock, Vehari, Abbottabad, Wah and Sahiwal. CUI main campus Islamabad was established in 1998 to promote Information Technology. During the first year of its establishment, the Institute offered only a few certificate courses and a postgraduate diploma in computer studies with a single class room and limited resources. Islamabad Campus of CUI is situated at Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. Currently, more than 8,055 students are enrolled in various degree programs at this Campus. The Abbottabad Campus became functional in July 2001 and the","title":"COMSATS University Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"616431","text":"completed in March 2015. The Rawalpindi Development Authority built the project at a cost of approximately Rs 24 billion, which was shared by both the Federal government and the provincial government of Punjab. Islamabad is located at at the northern edge of the Pothohar Plateau and at the foot of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad Capital Territory. Its elevation is . The modern capital and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi form a conurbation, and are commonly referred to as the Twin Cities. To the northeast of the city lies the colonial era hill station of Murree, and to the","title":"Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"18875573","text":"there is by bus. The bus takes 6 hours from Peshawar to reach Dera Ismail Khan and 7 hours from Islamabad and 6 hours from lahore. From Dera Ismail Khan it takes three hours to reach Basti Islamabad and from Bhakkar it takes a drive of 50 minutes. The direct Bus service is also available from Lahore. Basti Islamabad is 310 km away from Lahore and it is located on main Lahore-Dera Ismail Khan road. One can easily get to Basti Islamabad through a fast APV car service from Sidhu Adda, but APV car service is from Lahore to Jhang.","title":"Basti Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"616459","text":"by reducing the route. Now this bus service is being extended to more areas in Islamabad that include areas near G-13 and H-12. Work is currently being done to keep it along the Kashmir Highway. People use private transport like taxis, Careem and Uber for local journeys. In March, 2016, Careem became functional in Islamabad and Rawalpindi with taxi services. M-2 Motorway is long and connect Islamabad and Lahore. M-1 Motorway connects Islamabad with Peshawar and is long. Islamabad is linked to Rawalpindi through the Faizabad Interchange, which has a daily traffic volume of about 48,000 vehicles. Islamabad has a","title":"Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"19428632","text":"D-Chowk (Islamabad) D-Chowk, also referred to as Democracy Chowk, is a large town square located on the junction of Jinnah Avenue and Constitution Avenue in Islamabad. It is located in the government district, close to several important government buildings: the Presidency, the Prime Minister’s office, the Parliament, and the Supreme Court. The square is a frequent venue for political rallies and other public gatherings, and has been likened to Egypt's Tahrir Square. Since the square is a junction on two major roads, such meetings have repeatedly paralyzed traffic in Islamabad. In April 2016, the government decreed that the square should","title":"D-Chowk (Islamabad)"},{"psg_id":"18468376","text":"for property.Near hill area several acres property is bought by FIA. Malot, Islamabad Malot is a rural area in Islamabad. It is located near Bhara Kahu between Kuri and Simly Dam roads. The population of Malot is approximately 3000 to 4000. The majority of the population is Muslim and consists of Abbasi and Kiyanis families.In total population, 10% are kashmiries, 20% are Syed, 30% are Kiyanis and 40% are Abbasis. Different languages are spoken here which include Potohari, Hindko and Urdu. Some people are mid level employs in Public or private organizations, but most locals earn money through agriculture, livestock","title":"Malot, Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"18468374","text":"Malot, Islamabad Malot is a rural area in Islamabad. It is located near Bhara Kahu between Kuri and Simly Dam roads. The population of Malot is approximately 3000 to 4000. The majority of the population is Muslim and consists of Abbasi and Kiyanis families.In total population, 10% are kashmiries, 20% are Syed, 30% are Kiyanis and 40% are Abbasis. Different languages are spoken here which include Potohari, Hindko and Urdu. Some people are mid level employs in Public or private organizations, but most locals earn money through agriculture, livestock and farming. people are also connected to real state and property","title":"Malot, Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"16309143","text":"Park Enclave, Islamabad At least ten houses are nearing completion and one family has already moved into Park Enclave. First house construction has started in Park Enclave at street 28. Many owners have applied for possession and building plan approvals. It is hoped that a number of households will move to Enclave by the end of 2018. 'The jewel of Islamabad' is a posh, environment friendly, face recognition and security gated CDA housing scheme in Islamabad. It is located at a convenient distance of 7km from Islamabad Club and 8 km from Serena Hotel. Park enclave is just across the","title":"Park Enclave, Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"16220909","text":"Bahria Enclave Islamabad Bahria Enclave Islamabad is a housing scheme launched by Bahria Town in July 2011. It is located approximately 8 km (15 minutes) drive from Chak Shahzad, the Park Road & the Kuri Road with access from Kashmir Highway, Lehtrar Road & Islamabad Highway. On January 31, 2012, Capital Development Authority approved the plan for development of Jinnah Avenue in Zone-IV. The construction project of four-lane road would link main Kuri Road to Kuri Model Village and is awarded to Bahria Town. \"Bahria Enclave Islamabad contains 15 sectors and there subsectors as named as English alphabetic. A-B-C and","title":"Bahria Enclave Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"13752513","text":"Saidpur, Islamabad Saidpur (Punjabi and ) is a historic Pakistani village located in a ravine in the Margalla Hills, near Islamabad and the \"Daman-e-Koh\" overlook. The village's historic core, its abandoned Hindu temple, and its Sikh gurdwara were restored in 2006. The village now houses several high-end restaurants, and attracts Islamabad residents and tourists alike. Saidpur is named after Sultan Said Khan, son of Sultan Sarang Khan, the Gakhar chief of the Pothohar region during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Babur. Said Khan gifted Saidpur village to his daughter who was married to Mughal emperor Jahangir son of Mughal","title":"Saidpur, Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"20819304","text":"and formerly Ramu Upazila Eidgar Union is located. Under the name of renowned Landlord and donor of the area, Nurul Islam (Bedar Mia), the union was named \"Islamabad\". The Islamabad Union Parishad under Cox's Bazar Sadar Upazila. The administrative activities of the union are under the Cox's Bazar Sadar Thana Cox's Bazar Sadar Upazila. This is a part of the union Cox's Bazar-3 Constituency constituency of the Jatiya Sangsad and the constituency of Cox's Bazar-3 of 296 constituencies. Islamabad Union's literacy rate is 32.10%. There are 1 secondary school high school, 2 dakhil madrasa, 1 lower secondary school and 12","title":"Islamabad Union"},{"psg_id":"616435","text":"2005 while the lowest temperature was on 17 January 1967. The city has recorded snowfall. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record-breaking of rainfall in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in Islamabad in the past 100 years and the highest rainfall in 24 hours as well. The main administrative authority of the city is the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation (IMC) with some help from Capital Development Authority (CDA), which oversees the planning, development, construction, and administration of the city. Islamabad Capital Territory is divided into eight zones: Administrative Zone, Commercial District, Educational Sector, Industrial Sector, Diplomatic Enclave,","title":"Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"616432","text":"north lies the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Kahuta lies on the southeast, Taxila, Wah Cantt, and Attock District to the northwest, Gujar Khan, Rawat, and Mandrah on the southeast, and the metropolis of Rawalpindi to the south and southwest. Islamabad is located SSW of Muzaffarabad, east of Peshawar, NNW of Lahore, and WSW of Srinagar, the capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The city of Islamabad expanses an area of . A further area is known as the Specified Area, with the Margala Hills in the north and northeast. The southern portion of the city is","title":"Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"616433","text":"an undulating plain. It is drained by the Kurang River, on which the Rawal Dam is located. Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), with five seasons: Winter (November–February), Spring (March and April), Summer (May and June), Rainy Monsoon (July and August) and Autumn (September and October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed . The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfalls and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst and flooding. The coolest month is January. Islamabad's micro-climate is regulated by three artificial reservoirs: Rawal, Simli, and Khanpur Dam. The latter is located on","title":"Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"201054","text":". Wettest month is July, with heavy rainfalls and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst and flooding. Coolest month is January. Islamabad's micro-climate is regulated by three artificial reservoirs: Rawal, Simli, and Khanpur Dam. Last one is located on the Haro River near the town of Khanpur, about from Islamabad. Simli Dam is north of Islamabad. of the city consists of Margalla Hills National Park. Loi Bher Forest is situated along the Islamabad Highway, covering an area of . Highest monthly rainfall of was recorded during July 1995. Winters generally feature dense fog in the mornings and sunny afternoons.","title":"Islamabad Capital Territory"},{"psg_id":"16220910","text":"it goes till sector P, Sector P was launched in October 2015.Sectors contain 5,8,10 Marla, 1 Kanal and 2 Kanal Residential plots and 4,5,8 Marla commercial plots.\" There is a huge concern in general public against recent housing schemes and absence of laws to protect the public. Bahria Enclave Islamabad Bahria Enclave Islamabad is a housing scheme launched by Bahria Town in July 2011. It is located approximately 8 km (15 minutes) drive from Chak Shahzad, the Park Road & the Kuri Road with access from Kashmir Highway, Lehtrar Road & Islamabad Highway. On January 31, 2012, Capital Development Authority","title":"Bahria Enclave Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"15887060","text":"are tourist landmarks. Islamabad has an array of historic landmarks that reflect the Hindu civilization that dates back to the 16th Century with examples such as Saidpur. Saidpur that is situated in Islamabad has progressed from a village to a sacred place that includes temples where the Hindu Mughal Commanders worshipped. Margalla Hills National Park is located in the North sector of Islamabad and is in close proximity to the Himalayas. The National Park includes of picturesque valleys and scenic hills that include various wildlife such as Himalayan goral, Barking deer and leopards. Flanked by wildlife and vegetation, Margalla Hills","title":"Culture of Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"201056","text":"Territory (ICT) Administration with some help from Capital Development Authority (CDA), which oversees the planning, development, construction, and administration of the city. Islamabad Capital Territory is divided into eight zones: Administrative Zone, Commercial District, Educational Sector, Industrial Sector, Diplomatic Enclave, Residential Areas, Rural Areas and Green Area. Islamabad city is divided into five major zones: Zone I, Zone II, Zone III, Zone IV, and Zone V. Out of these, Zone IV is the largest in area. All sectors of ghouri town (1, 2, 3, VIP, 5, 4-A, 4-B, 4-C, 5-A, 5-B and sector 7) are located in this zone. Zone","title":"Islamabad Capital Territory"},{"psg_id":"15886930","text":"Geography of Islamabad Islamabad is located at at the edge of the Pothohar Plateau at the foot of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad Capital Territory. Its elevation is . The modern capital and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi stand side by side and are commonly referred to as the Twin Cities. To the east of the city lies Murree and Kotli Sattian. To the north lies the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Kahuta lies on the northeast, Taxila, Wah Cantt, and Attock District to the northwest, Gujar Khan, Kallar Syedan, Rawat, and Mandrah on the northeast, and Rawalpindi to","title":"Geography of Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"13630998","text":"exhibit an almost 200 new species. The Forestry Park will be developed on of land and it will be located near Rawal Lake, between the Malpur Village and Bhara Kahu. It is planned that around 150,000 indigenous trees would be planted in the park. The project was announced on 22 July 2009 and expected to cost Rs 239.01 million. Work on the park is expected to commence soon. Islamabad Capital Territory is subdivided into five zones, and the development work is in progress for the following residential and commercial projects; In 1985, Capital Development Authority declared several outlying areas of","title":"Developments in Islamabad"},{"psg_id":"19428633","text":"be rebuilt to make it a no-go area for protesters. However, political rallies continue to be held there. D-Chowk (Islamabad) D-Chowk, also referred to as Democracy Chowk, is a large town square located on the junction of Jinnah Avenue and Constitution Avenue in Islamabad. It is located in the government district, close to several important government buildings: the Presidency, the Prime Minister’s office, the Parliament, and the Supreme Court. The square is a frequent venue for political rallies and other public gatherings, and has been likened to Egypt's Tahrir Square. Since the square is a junction on two major roads,","title":"D-Chowk (Islamabad)"},{"psg_id":"18875572","text":"masjid bablian wala is mostly intact, but disrepair and neglect is evident. The streets are paved and wide, ... Basti Islamabad has a rich Indo-Islamic Culture, which is known as The colorful culture. Mankera is the second biggest tehsil after sher garh. The major source of income of Basti Islamabad's people is chickpeas (chana). The nearest airport to Basti Islamabad is Dera Ismail Khan – travellers used to be able to catch a flight either Islamabad or Peshawar to this city and then onto Basti Islamabad. However this airport is now out of use – the only way to get","title":"Basti Islamabad"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"616441\",\n \"text\": \"surrounding rural areas. However, Islamabad city is part of the Islamabad Capital Territory, while Rawalpindi is part of Rawalpindi District, which is part of province of Punjab . Initially, it was proposed that the three areas would be connected by four major highways: Murree Highway, Islamabad Highway, Soan Highway, and Capital Highway. However, to date only two highways have been constructed: Kashmir Highway (the former Murree Highway) and Islamabad Highway. Plans of constructing Margalla Avenue are also underway. Islamabad is the hub all the governmental activities while Rawalpindi is the centre of all industrial, commercial, and military activities. The two\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13630988\",\n \"text\": \"the existing Islamabad International Airport. This new airport is located in Fateh Jang, which is 30 km south-west of the city. The construction of the airport project began in April 2007, after a decade-long postponement. It was opened on May 1st 2018. The Centaurus is a mixed-use residential, commercial, and business purpose complex located in Blue Area of Islamabad. The complex is designed by WS Atkins PLC, whose portfolio includes the Burj Al Arab and Jumeirah Beach Hotel in Dubai, and the Bahrain World Trade Center in Bahrain. It is a project of the Pak Gulf Construction (Pvt) Ltd (PGCL)\",\n \"title\": \"Developments in Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"201062\",\n \"text\": \"of Rawalpindi District, which is part of province of Punjab. Initially, it was proposed that the three areas would be connected by four major highways: Murree Highway, Islamabad Highway, Soan Highway, and Capital Highway. However, to date only two highways have been constructed: Kashmir Highway (the former Murree Highway) and Islamabad Highway. Plans of constructing Margalla Avenue are also underway. Islamabad is the hub all the governmental activities while Rawalpindi is the centre of all industrial, commercial, and military activities. The two cities are considered sister cities and are highly interdependent. Islamabad is a net contributor to the Pakistani economy,\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad Capital Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19724921\",\n \"text\": \"urban planning, road maintenance, environment control, building control, water supply, sanitation, and other municipal services for the Islamabad Capital Territory. The mayor also chairs the Capital Development Authority (CDA) which has around 4,500 employees; its scope is mainly confined to estate management, sector developments and project executions. Sheikh Ansar Aziz is the first mayor of Islamabad. He took his oath on 4 March 2016. The mayor's office is located in G-6, Islamabad. PML(N) held a two-thirds majority in the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation. Mayor of Islamabad The Mayor of Islamabad () is the mayor who heads Islamabad and the surrounding capital\",\n \"title\": \"Mayor of Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15886932\",\n \"text\": \"is located on the Haro River near the town of Khanpur, about from Islamabad. Simli Dam is located north of Islamabad. of the city consists of Margalla Hills National Park. Loi Bher Forest is situated along the Islamabad Highway, covering an area of . Geography of Islamabad Islamabad is located at at the edge of the Pothohar Plateau at the foot of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad Capital Territory. Its elevation is . The modern capital and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi stand side by side and are commonly referred to as the Twin Cities. To the east of\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20359393\",\n \"text\": \"southwest of Phase I is named Phase I Extension and covers a total of 16,750 Kanals (8.47 sq km). Located in Zone V of Islamabad near the Kahuta Triangle, with GT Road on its south end and Islamabad Highway on its North. The project was commenced in February 1994. Phase II Extension launched in March 2005 is between Islamabad expressway and Rawalpindi and in Islamabad Territory as compared to Phase I which is in Rawalpindi. Launched on 18 August 2008, it is located adjacent to Phase II in Zone V of Islamabad. All phases have commercial zones. Defence Housing Authority,\",\n \"title\": \"Defence Housing Authority, Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15886931\",\n \"text\": \"the southwest. Islamabad is located SSW of Muzaffarabad, east of Peshawar, NNE of Lahore, and WSW of Srinagar, the capital of Indian Kashmir. Tilla Charouni with 1604 meter/ 5263 feet is the highest point in Islamabad district. The area of Islamabad is . A further area is known as the Specified Area, with the Margala Hills in the north and northeast. The southern portion of the city is an undulating plain. It is drained by the Kurang River, on which the Rawal Dam is located. Islamabad's micro-climate is regulated by three artificial reservoirs; Rawal, Simli, and Khanpur Dam. Khanpur Dam\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16201617\",\n \"text\": \"Gulberg, Islamabad Gulberg Islamabad is a housing project launched by Intelligence Bureau Employees Cooperative Housing Scheme (IBECHS) in 2005. The project is also known as IBECHS Phase-III, Islamabad. It is located on Islamabad Highway at the intersection of Zone-IV and Zone-V, 3 km from Benazir Bhutto International Airport and 12 km from Islamabad Club. Renowned British Pakistani engineer Abdul Waheed of Urban Planning & Design (Pvt.) Ltd. (UPDL) is the principal project consultant and responsible for the town planning, engineering design and supervision of development work. The master project plan includes the following: Gulberg Greens Farm Houses are available in\",\n \"title\": \"Gulberg, Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16201618\",\n \"text\": \"different layouts as follows; Gulberg, Islamabad Gulberg Islamabad is a housing project launched by Intelligence Bureau Employees Cooperative Housing Scheme (IBECHS) in 2005. The project is also known as IBECHS Phase-III, Islamabad. It is located on Islamabad Highway at the intersection of Zone-IV and Zone-V, 3 km from Benazir Bhutto International Airport and 12 km from Islamabad Club. Renowned British Pakistani engineer Abdul Waheed of Urban Planning & Design (Pvt.) Ltd. (UPDL) is the principal project consultant and responsible for the town planning, engineering design and supervision of development work. The master project plan includes the following: Gulberg Greens Farm\",\n \"title\": \"Gulberg, Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13630996\",\n \"text\": \"Constitution Avenue. Other features include retail and food courts, banquet and parking. InterContinental Islamabad launched in April 2006 is situated in the heart of the capital's diplomatic enclave and set against the backdrop of the Himalayan foothills. The hotel will feature 260 spacious guest rooms, styled along contemporary lines combined with local accents, three restaurants including Italian and Chinese cuisine specialty restaurants, a full-service spa with gym facilities and an outdoor pool. The hotel will be operated by InterContinental Hotels and Resorts. The World Trade Center, Islamabad project was launched in March 2007 and located in the heart of Phase-II\",\n \"title\": \"Developments in Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6140324\",\n \"text\": \"CUI is a multi-campus university, with main campus located in Islamabad. Campuses of CUI are located in Lahore, Attock, Vehari, Abbottabad, Wah and Sahiwal. CUI main campus Islamabad was established in 1998 to promote Information Technology. During the first year of its establishment, the Institute offered only a few certificate courses and a postgraduate diploma in computer studies with a single class room and limited resources. Islamabad Campus of CUI is situated at Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. Currently, more than 8,055 students are enrolled in various degree programs at this Campus. The Abbottabad Campus became functional in July 2001 and the\",\n \"title\": \"COMSATS University Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"616431\",\n \"text\": \"completed in March 2015. The Rawalpindi Development Authority built the project at a cost of approximately Rs 24 billion, which was shared by both the Federal government and the provincial government of Punjab. Islamabad is located at at the northern edge of the Pothohar Plateau and at the foot of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad Capital Territory. Its elevation is . The modern capital and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi form a conurbation, and are commonly referred to as the Twin Cities. To the northeast of the city lies the colonial era hill station of Murree, and to the\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18875573\",\n \"text\": \"there is by bus. The bus takes 6 hours from Peshawar to reach Dera Ismail Khan and 7 hours from Islamabad and 6 hours from lahore. From Dera Ismail Khan it takes three hours to reach Basti Islamabad and from Bhakkar it takes a drive of 50 minutes. The direct Bus service is also available from Lahore. Basti Islamabad is 310 km away from Lahore and it is located on main Lahore-Dera Ismail Khan road. One can easily get to Basti Islamabad through a fast APV car service from Sidhu Adda, but APV car service is from Lahore to Jhang.\",\n \"title\": \"Basti Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"616459\",\n \"text\": \"by reducing the route. Now this bus service is being extended to more areas in Islamabad that include areas near G-13 and H-12. Work is currently being done to keep it along the Kashmir Highway. People use private transport like taxis, Careem and Uber for local journeys. In March, 2016, Careem became functional in Islamabad and Rawalpindi with taxi services. M-2 Motorway is long and connect Islamabad and Lahore. M-1 Motorway connects Islamabad with Peshawar and is long. Islamabad is linked to Rawalpindi through the Faizabad Interchange, which has a daily traffic volume of about 48,000 vehicles. Islamabad has a\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19428632\",\n \"text\": \"D-Chowk (Islamabad) D-Chowk, also referred to as Democracy Chowk, is a large town square located on the junction of Jinnah Avenue and Constitution Avenue in Islamabad. It is located in the government district, close to several important government buildings: the Presidency, the Prime Minister’s office, the Parliament, and the Supreme Court. The square is a frequent venue for political rallies and other public gatherings, and has been likened to Egypt's Tahrir Square. Since the square is a junction on two major roads, such meetings have repeatedly paralyzed traffic in Islamabad. In April 2016, the government decreed that the square should\",\n \"title\": \"D-Chowk (Islamabad)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18468376\",\n \"text\": \"for property.Near hill area several acres property is bought by FIA. Malot, Islamabad Malot is a rural area in Islamabad. It is located near Bhara Kahu between Kuri and Simly Dam roads. The population of Malot is approximately 3000 to 4000. The majority of the population is Muslim and consists of Abbasi and Kiyanis families.In total population, 10% are kashmiries, 20% are Syed, 30% are Kiyanis and 40% are Abbasis. Different languages are spoken here which include Potohari, Hindko and Urdu. Some people are mid level employs in Public or private organizations, but most locals earn money through agriculture, livestock\",\n \"title\": \"Malot, Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18468374\",\n \"text\": \"Malot, Islamabad Malot is a rural area in Islamabad. It is located near Bhara Kahu between Kuri and Simly Dam roads. The population of Malot is approximately 3000 to 4000. The majority of the population is Muslim and consists of Abbasi and Kiyanis families.In total population, 10% are kashmiries, 20% are Syed, 30% are Kiyanis and 40% are Abbasis. Different languages are spoken here which include Potohari, Hindko and Urdu. Some people are mid level employs in Public or private organizations, but most locals earn money through agriculture, livestock and farming. people are also connected to real state and property\",\n \"title\": \"Malot, Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16309143\",\n \"text\": \"Park Enclave, Islamabad At least ten houses are nearing completion and one family has already moved into Park Enclave. First house construction has started in Park Enclave at street 28. Many owners have applied for possession and building plan approvals. It is hoped that a number of households will move to Enclave by the end of 2018. 'The jewel of Islamabad' is a posh, environment friendly, face recognition and security gated CDA housing scheme in Islamabad. It is located at a convenient distance of 7km from Islamabad Club and 8 km from Serena Hotel. Park enclave is just across the\",\n \"title\": \"Park Enclave, Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16220909\",\n \"text\": \"Bahria Enclave Islamabad Bahria Enclave Islamabad is a housing scheme launched by Bahria Town in July 2011. It is located approximately 8 km (15 minutes) drive from Chak Shahzad, the Park Road & the Kuri Road with access from Kashmir Highway, Lehtrar Road & Islamabad Highway. On January 31, 2012, Capital Development Authority approved the plan for development of Jinnah Avenue in Zone-IV. The construction project of four-lane road would link main Kuri Road to Kuri Model Village and is awarded to Bahria Town. \\\"Bahria Enclave Islamabad contains 15 sectors and there subsectors as named as English alphabetic. A-B-C and\",\n \"title\": \"Bahria Enclave Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13752513\",\n \"text\": \"Saidpur, Islamabad Saidpur (Punjabi and ) is a historic Pakistani village located in a ravine in the Margalla Hills, near Islamabad and the \\\"Daman-e-Koh\\\" overlook. The village's historic core, its abandoned Hindu temple, and its Sikh gurdwara were restored in 2006. The village now houses several high-end restaurants, and attracts Islamabad residents and tourists alike. Saidpur is named after Sultan Said Khan, son of Sultan Sarang Khan, the Gakhar chief of the Pothohar region during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Babur. Said Khan gifted Saidpur village to his daughter who was married to Mughal emperor Jahangir son of Mughal\",\n \"title\": \"Saidpur, Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20819304\",\n \"text\": \"and formerly Ramu Upazila Eidgar Union is located. Under the name of renowned Landlord and donor of the area, Nurul Islam (Bedar Mia), the union was named \\\"Islamabad\\\". The Islamabad Union Parishad under Cox's Bazar Sadar Upazila. The administrative activities of the union are under the Cox's Bazar Sadar Thana Cox's Bazar Sadar Upazila. This is a part of the union Cox's Bazar-3 Constituency constituency of the Jatiya Sangsad and the constituency of Cox's Bazar-3 of 296 constituencies. Islamabad Union's literacy rate is 32.10%. There are 1 secondary school high school, 2 dakhil madrasa, 1 lower secondary school and 12\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad Union\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"616435\",\n \"text\": \"2005 while the lowest temperature was on 17 January 1967. The city has recorded snowfall. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record-breaking of rainfall in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in Islamabad in the past 100 years and the highest rainfall in 24 hours as well. The main administrative authority of the city is the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation (IMC) with some help from Capital Development Authority (CDA), which oversees the planning, development, construction, and administration of the city. Islamabad Capital Territory is divided into eight zones: Administrative Zone, Commercial District, Educational Sector, Industrial Sector, Diplomatic Enclave,\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"616432\",\n \"text\": \"north lies the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Kahuta lies on the southeast, Taxila, Wah Cantt, and Attock District to the northwest, Gujar Khan, Rawat, and Mandrah on the southeast, and the metropolis of Rawalpindi to the south and southwest. Islamabad is located SSW of Muzaffarabad, east of Peshawar, NNW of Lahore, and WSW of Srinagar, the capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The city of Islamabad expanses an area of . A further area is known as the Specified Area, with the Margala Hills in the north and northeast. The southern portion of the city is\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"616433\",\n \"text\": \"an undulating plain. It is drained by the Kurang River, on which the Rawal Dam is located. Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), with five seasons: Winter (November–February), Spring (March and April), Summer (May and June), Rainy Monsoon (July and August) and Autumn (September and October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed . The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfalls and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst and flooding. The coolest month is January. Islamabad's micro-climate is regulated by three artificial reservoirs: Rawal, Simli, and Khanpur Dam. The latter is located on\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"201054\",\n \"text\": \". Wettest month is July, with heavy rainfalls and evening thunderstorms with the possibility of cloudburst and flooding. Coolest month is January. Islamabad's micro-climate is regulated by three artificial reservoirs: Rawal, Simli, and Khanpur Dam. Last one is located on the Haro River near the town of Khanpur, about from Islamabad. Simli Dam is north of Islamabad. of the city consists of Margalla Hills National Park. Loi Bher Forest is situated along the Islamabad Highway, covering an area of . Highest monthly rainfall of was recorded during July 1995. Winters generally feature dense fog in the mornings and sunny afternoons.\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad Capital Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16220910\",\n \"text\": \"it goes till sector P, Sector P was launched in October 2015.Sectors contain 5,8,10 Marla, 1 Kanal and 2 Kanal Residential plots and 4,5,8 Marla commercial plots.\\\" There is a huge concern in general public against recent housing schemes and absence of laws to protect the public. Bahria Enclave Islamabad Bahria Enclave Islamabad is a housing scheme launched by Bahria Town in July 2011. It is located approximately 8 km (15 minutes) drive from Chak Shahzad, the Park Road & the Kuri Road with access from Kashmir Highway, Lehtrar Road & Islamabad Highway. On January 31, 2012, Capital Development Authority\",\n \"title\": \"Bahria Enclave Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15887060\",\n \"text\": \"are tourist landmarks. Islamabad has an array of historic landmarks that reflect the Hindu civilization that dates back to the 16th Century with examples such as Saidpur. Saidpur that is situated in Islamabad has progressed from a village to a sacred place that includes temples where the Hindu Mughal Commanders worshipped. Margalla Hills National Park is located in the North sector of Islamabad and is in close proximity to the Himalayas. The National Park includes of picturesque valleys and scenic hills that include various wildlife such as Himalayan goral, Barking deer and leopards. Flanked by wildlife and vegetation, Margalla Hills\",\n \"title\": \"Culture of Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"201056\",\n \"text\": \"Territory (ICT) Administration with some help from Capital Development Authority (CDA), which oversees the planning, development, construction, and administration of the city. Islamabad Capital Territory is divided into eight zones: Administrative Zone, Commercial District, Educational Sector, Industrial Sector, Diplomatic Enclave, Residential Areas, Rural Areas and Green Area. Islamabad city is divided into five major zones: Zone I, Zone II, Zone III, Zone IV, and Zone V. Out of these, Zone IV is the largest in area. All sectors of ghouri town (1, 2, 3, VIP, 5, 4-A, 4-B, 4-C, 5-A, 5-B and sector 7) are located in this zone. Zone\",\n \"title\": \"Islamabad Capital Territory\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15886930\",\n \"text\": \"Geography of Islamabad Islamabad is located at at the edge of the Pothohar Plateau at the foot of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad Capital Territory. Its elevation is . The modern capital and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi stand side by side and are commonly referred to as the Twin Cities. To the east of the city lies Murree and Kotli Sattian. To the north lies the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Kahuta lies on the northeast, Taxila, Wah Cantt, and Attock District to the northwest, Gujar Khan, Kallar Syedan, Rawat, and Mandrah on the northeast, and Rawalpindi to\",\n \"title\": \"Geography of Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13630998\",\n \"text\": \"exhibit an almost 200 new species. The Forestry Park will be developed on of land and it will be located near Rawal Lake, between the Malpur Village and Bhara Kahu. It is planned that around 150,000 indigenous trees would be planted in the park. The project was announced on 22 July 2009 and expected to cost Rs 239.01 million. Work on the park is expected to commence soon. Islamabad Capital Territory is subdivided into five zones, and the development work is in progress for the following residential and commercial projects; In 1985, Capital Development Authority declared several outlying areas of\",\n \"title\": \"Developments in Islamabad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19428633\",\n \"text\": \"be rebuilt to make it a no-go area for protesters. However, political rallies continue to be held there. D-Chowk (Islamabad) D-Chowk, also referred to as Democracy Chowk, is a large town square located on the junction of Jinnah Avenue and Constitution Avenue in Islamabad. It is located in the government district, close to several important government buildings: the Presidency, the Prime Minister’s office, the Parliament, and the Supreme Court. The square is a frequent venue for political rallies and other public gatherings, and has been likened to Egypt's Tahrir Square. Since the square is a junction on two major roads,\",\n \"title\": \"D-Chowk (Islamabad)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18875572\",\n \"text\": \"masjid bablian wala is mostly intact, but disrepair and neglect is evident. The streets are paved and wide, ... Basti Islamabad has a rich Indo-Islamic Culture, which is known as The colorful culture. Mankera is the second biggest tehsil after sher garh. The major source of income of Basti Islamabad's people is chickpeas (chana). The nearest airport to Basti Islamabad is Dera Ismail Khan – travellers used to be able to catch a flight either Islamabad or Peshawar to this city and then onto Basti Islamabad. However this airport is now out of use – the only way to get\",\n \"title\": \"Basti Islamabad\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["pakistan"],"string":"[\n \"pakistan\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":886,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is oceania on a map?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"14953125","text":"Demographics of Oceania Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania vary, with it being defined in various ways, often geopolitically or geographically. In the geopolitical conception used by the United Nations, International Olympic Committee, and many atlases, the Oceanic region includes Australia and the nations of the Pacific from Papua New Guinea east, but not the Malay Archipelago or Indonesian New Guinea. The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote Australasia as a geographic continent, or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia)","title":"Demographics of Oceania"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14953125\",\n \"text\": \"Demographics of Oceania Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania vary, with it being defined in various ways, often geopolitically or geographically. In the geopolitical conception used by the United Nations, International Olympic Committee, and many atlases, the Oceanic region includes Australia and the nations of the Pacific from Papua New Guinea east, but not the Malay Archipelago or Indonesian New Guinea. The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote Australasia as a geographic continent, or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia)\",\n \"title\": \"Demographics of Oceania\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"299360","text":"a more recent temperature of recorded in 1995 in nearby Ophir. Pohnpei of the Senyavin Islands in Micronesia is the wettest settlement in Oceania, and one of the wettest places on earth, with annual recorded rainfall exceeding each year in certain mountainous locations. The Big Bog on the island of Maui is the wettest place, receiving an average each year. The linked map below shows the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the islands of Oceania and neighbouring areas, as a guide to the following table (there are no political boundaries that can be drawn on a map of the Pacific","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"16384740","text":"wishing to evaluate residential areas. An isochrone map of the London Underground network was made available in 2007. Iso4App is an isochrone map service (car, bike and pedestrian) available on Europe, Russian Federation, Ukraine, China, North America, Latin America, Australia-Oceania, South Africa; in addition iso4app implements isochrones on public transport. Demo is available at Tolosa (France). A time-based travel map that went viral was the Isochronic World Map, produced using data from Rome2rio's routing engine for plane, train, bus, ferry and automobile. It compared travel times from London in 2016 versus 1914. Free web app : isochron calculator www.owlapps.net/application-geomarketing Isochrone","title":"Isochrone map"},{"psg_id":"18484271","text":"the host country where they are studying, undertake a research project in greater depth and establish a greater network of peers than that provided by a short term exchanges. AOTULE * Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering The Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering (abbreviated AOTULE, pronounced \"our tool\") is a league consisting of 13 engineering faculties within Asia and Oceania universities. AOTULE's mission is to improve the quality of its member's educational programs and promote research activity among members primarily through exchange of information between deans, faculty members and administration staff at its annual meeting. It also organizes graduate","title":"Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering"},{"psg_id":"18484266","text":"Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering The Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering (abbreviated AOTULE, pronounced \"our tool\") is a league consisting of 13 engineering faculties within Asia and Oceania universities. AOTULE's mission is to improve the quality of its member's educational programs and promote research activity among members primarily through exchange of information between deans, faculty members and administration staff at its annual meeting. It also organizes graduate student exchange programs and conferences where graduate students present their latest research results in an interdisciplinary format. The seeds for forming AOTULE began in 2006 with discussions between senior engineering faculty","title":"Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering"},{"psg_id":"19137933","text":"April 2009, the government of Tonga sought to reduce this costly petroleum dependency by developing a plan, subsequently called the Tonga Energy Road Map 2010 – 2020 (TERM). Renewable electricity generation is expected to grow from 5.4% in 2013 to 13% in 2018. Renewable electricity generation rose from 4% in 2013 to 43% in 2016. Renewable energy in Oceania This article gives a summary of the status of renewable energy in Oceania. The Pacific island nations are heavily dependent on costly fossil fuel imports, so they are turning, to varying degrees, to renewable energy. Options include household photovoltaic (PV) systems","title":"Renewable energy in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"11358863","text":"A Blank on the Map A Blank on the Map is a Television documentary made by the BBC which was written and presented by David Attenborough filmed in New Guinea. It was first transmitted in the UK on 29 December 1971 and is now available on the DVD collection \"Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages\". The documentary follows Attenborough as he joins Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-71 (3 May to 10 June 1971), led by ADC Laurie Bragge, crossing through a previously unexplored region in search of an uncontacted people known as the Bikaru. However a setback is encountered when","title":"A Blank on the Map"},{"psg_id":"11358865","text":"the BBC crew were flown out and the rest of the patrol returned to Ambunti. Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-7 report http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb0172517z A Blank on the Map A Blank on the Map is a Television documentary made by the BBC which was written and presented by David Attenborough filmed in New Guinea. It was first transmitted in the UK on 29 December 1971 and is now available on the DVD collection \"Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages\". The documentary follows Attenborough as he joins Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-71 (3 May to 10 June 1971), led by ADC Laurie Bragge, crossing","title":"A Blank on the Map"},{"psg_id":"8336115","text":"regional competitions\". This also applies for Tokelau where the first athletics event ever took place recently. In 2008, New Caledonia became the first Associate Member, Niue followed in 2009. Oceania Athletics Association The Oceania Athletics Association (OAA) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Oceania. The OAA head office is located in Varsity Lakes, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The OAA was founded as Oceania Amateur Athletic Organization (OAAA) on August 21, 1969, during a \"Congress of the delegates of Member Countries of the Australasian Area\" held in Port Moresby, then Territory of Papua and New Guinea, at","title":"Oceania Athletics Association"},{"psg_id":"13448631","text":"2009 flu pandemic in Oceania The 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania, part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu, has (as of 27 June 2009) afflicted at over 22,000 people in Oceania, with 56 confirmed deaths. Almost all of the cases in Oceania have been in Australia, where the majority of cases have resulted from internal community spread of the virus. In addition, the government of New Zealand, where most of the remainder of cases in Oceania have occurred, is on high alert for","title":"2009 flu pandemic in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"12824153","text":"Monarchies in Oceania There are six monarchies in Oceania; that is: self-governing sovereign states in Oceania where supreme power resides with an individual hereditary head, who is recognised as the head of state. Each is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the sovereign inherits his or her office, usually keeps it until death or abdication, and is bound by laws and customs in the exercise of their powers. Five of these independent states share Queen Elizabeth II as their respective head of state, making them part of a global grouping known as the Commonwealth realms; in addition, all monarchies of Oceania are","title":"Monarchies in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"8533601","text":"FIBA Oceania FIBA Oceania is a zone within FIBA (International Basketball Federation). It is one of FIBA's five continental confederations. FIBA Oceania is responsible for the organization and governance of the major international tournaments in Oceania. It has 22 FIBA Federations and is headquartered in Southport, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The current FIBA Oceania President is Burton Shipley from New Zealand. Its prime events were the FIBA Oceania Championship for men and the FIBA Oceania Women's Championship. The men's championship, established in 1971, was dominated by Australia. Yet, on some occasions, New Zealand defeated its rival, which was first accomplished","title":"FIBA Oceania"},{"psg_id":"299361","text":"at this scale). The demographic table below shows the subregions and countries of geopolitical Oceania. The countries and territories in this table are categorised according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the source and purpose of each description. The predominant religion in Oceania is Christianity (73%). A 2011 survey found that 92% in Melanesia, 93% in Micronesia and 96% in Polynesia described themselves as Christians. Traditional religions","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"15478403","text":"years. The popularity of netball is growing amongst men on the island countries in Oceania, because sport is an important way for villages to keep in touch with each other. The game's popularity can also be seen in local languages, where words have been created to describe it. In Niue, the words include neteplo, pelê neteplo, pelê. The Oceania Netball Federation (ONF) is the governing body for netball in the Oceania region. In New Zealand, netball is the most popular women's participation sport. In 1984, there were 114,210 players. There are over 11,000 teams and 120,440 players. The only sport","title":"Netball in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"14953126","text":"or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand or from mainland New Guinea). Although Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands belong to the Commonwealth of Australia and are inhabited, they are nearer Indonesia than the Australian mainland, and are commonly associated with Asia instead of Oceania. The demographic table below shows all inhabited states and territories of Oceania. The information in this chart comes from the CIA World Factbook or the United States Department of State, unless noted otherwise or not available (NA); where sources differ, references are included. Demographics of Oceania Oceania is","title":"Demographics of Oceania"},{"psg_id":"12408751","text":"title with Tahiti finishing as runner-up. Competing nations in the FORU Oceania Cup are: Note: The Band 1 teams from Oceania (Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Samoa, and Tonga) do not participate in the FORU Oceania Cup. Winners and runners-up for official FORU and IRB (WR) developmental tournaments in Oceania: Oceania tournaments Oceania Cup Notes: Oceania Rugby Cup The Oceania Cup is an international rugby union competition for countries and territories from Oceania with national teams in the developmental band. It is administered by Oceania Rugby (formerly known as FORU). The tournament has been played under various formats depending on the","title":"Oceania Rugby Cup"},{"psg_id":"299320","text":"Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographic region comprising Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Spanning the eastern and western hemispheres, Oceania covers an area of and has a population of /1e6 round 0 million. Situated in the southeast of the Asia-Pacific region, Oceania is the smallest continental grouping in land area and the second smallest in population after Antarctica. The islands at the geographic extremes of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, a politically integral part of Japan; Hawaii, a state of the United States; Clipperton Island, a possession of France; the Juan Fernández Islands, belonging to Chile; and the","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"8341583","text":"RV Oceania RV \"Oceania, or SY \"Oceania, is a tall ship, owned by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and used as a research vessel. She was built in 1985 in the Gdańsk Shipyard in Poland, after the design of Zygmunt Choreń. The hull was based on plans of earlier tall ships: ORP \"Iskra II\" and \"Pogoria\", but its rigging was different. \"Oceania\" was originally a full rigged ship, with three masts (each 32 metres high). On every mast there was only one sail, in the shape of a vertical rectangle (sometimes \"Oceania\" was classified as a frigate), but later the","title":"RV Oceania"},{"psg_id":"12824165","text":"referendum to become an overseas collectivity of France, effective in 1961. The collectivity is governed as a parliamentary republic, the citizens elect a Territorial Assembly, the President of which becomes head of government. His cabinet, the Council of the Territory, is made up of the three Kings and three appointed ministers. In addition to this limited parliamentary role the Kings play, the individual kingdoms' customary legal systems have some jurisdiction in areas of civil law. Monarchies in Oceania There are six monarchies in Oceania; that is: self-governing sovereign states in Oceania where supreme power resides with an individual hereditary head,","title":"Monarchies in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"1966971","text":"Oceania Football Confederation The Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) is one of the six continental confederations of international association football, consisting of New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Tonga, and other Pacific Island countries. It promotes the game in Oceania and allows the member nations to qualify for the FIFA World Cup. OFC is predominantly made up of island nations where association football is not the most popular sport. Consequently, the OFC has little influence in the wider football world, either in terms of international competition or as a source of players for high-profile club competitions. In 2006, the OFC's largest","title":"Oceania Football Confederation"},{"psg_id":"299359","text":"geography. The island of Hawaii for example hosts 4 (out of 5 in total) climate groups on a surface as small as according to the Köppen climate types: tropical, arid, temperate and polar. The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). A few islands in the northwest, such as Guam, are susceptible to typhoons in the wet season. The highest recorded temperature in Oceania occurred in Oodnadatta, South Australia (2 January 1960), where the temperature reached . The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oceania was , at Ranfurly in Otago in 1903, with","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"16022993","text":"Australia on the Map Australia on the Map is the history and heritage division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society. It seeks to enhance Australians’ knowledge, understanding and appreciation of the nation’s early history, beginning in 1606 with the voyages of Willem Janszoon in the \"Duyfken\" and Luis Váez de Torres in \"Los Tres Reyes\" and \"San Pedro\", and continuing to the present. Australia on the Map Division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society is the successor organisation to Australia on the Map: 1606–2006. Australia on the Map: 1606–2006 was formed by Peter Reynders and Rupert Gerritsen in 2002 as the vehicle","title":"Australia on the Map"},{"psg_id":"10314559","text":"Gold Coast, Queensland set up a Rec Footy competition. The program expanded in 2008 to include an Auskick junior development program. The AFL Vanuatu was formally created in 2010, and nominated five Vanuatu local youths to compete at the Under 16s Oceania Cup, to be held in Tonga in December 2010. Australian rules football in Oceania Australian rules football in Oceania is the sport of Australian rules football as it is watched and played in the Oceanian continent. Today the sport is most popular in Nauru where it is the national sport, and Australia, where the AFL is the most","title":"Australian rules football in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"7734704","text":"The DB'z, Droop-E and B-Slimm on his 2010 \"\" album. SPIRITWO and singer Yael Claire covered \"Oceania\" with a Middle Eastern theme for the 2012 London Olympic games. Aspirant singer Srbuhi Hovhannisyan also covered the song on \"The Voice of Armenia\" in 2014. \"Oceania\" covers also appear on the albums by Beliss, Harmen Fraanje Quintet, Murphy's Law and Serena Fortebraccio. Credits adapted from \"Medúlla\" liner notes. Oceania (song) \"Oceania\" is a song recorded by Icelandic singer Björk for her sixth studio album \"Medúlla\". It was written and produced by Björk, with additional writing by Sjón and production by Mark Bell.","title":"Oceania (song)"},{"psg_id":"8341584","text":"yards and the sail from the mizzen-mast were removed. Sails are raised and driven hydraulically. The ship is equipped with laboratories able to provide hydrographic, optic, acoustic, chemical, biological and particulate experiments and observations. RV Oceania RV \"Oceania, or SY \"Oceania, is a tall ship, owned by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and used as a research vessel. She was built in 1985 in the Gdańsk Shipyard in Poland, after the design of Zygmunt Choreń. The hull was based on plans of earlier tall ships: ORP \"Iskra II\" and \"Pogoria\", but its rigging was different. \"Oceania\" was originally a full","title":"RV Oceania"},{"psg_id":"8929969","text":"designed by the Norway-based Y&S Architecture and Interior Design. Africa, Arabia, Black Sea, Caribbean, Central America, China, Greek Isles, Iceland, India, Mediterranean, Alaska, Mexico, Russia, Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia In December 2016, it was announced that Oceania Cruises has reached an agreement with the Cuban government. In March 2018, Oceania Cruises announced a 180-day World Cruise in 2020 with calls at 95 ports in 38 countries on 4 continents. Oceania Cruises Oceania Cruises is a Miami, Florida, United States-based shipping company that operates six premium cruise ships on worldwide itineraries. The sixth ship, formerly \"Ocean Princess\" and renamed \"Sirena\",","title":"Oceania Cruises"},{"psg_id":"8533602","text":"in 1978. Australia was even more dominant in the women's tournament, first held in 1974; the Opals won all but one of its editions, with New Zealand winning only the 1993 edition. Both Oceania Championships held their last editions in 2015. Since then, FIBA Oceania and FIBA Asia national teams compete for a single championship for each sex—the men's FIBA Asia Cup and the FIBA Women's Asia Cup. FIBA Oceania FIBA Oceania is a zone within FIBA (International Basketball Federation). It is one of FIBA's five continental confederations. FIBA Oceania is responsible for the organization and governance of the major","title":"FIBA Oceania"},{"psg_id":"9740363","text":"Oceania Cycling Confederation The national federations of the UCI form confederations by continent. In Oceania, this body is the Oceania Cycling Confederation, also shortened to OCC. Michael Turtur from South Australia was President of the Union Cycliste Internationale's Oceania Cycling Confederation from 2008 to 2012, taking over from Ray Godkin from Sydney, Australia, who retired from the position in late 2008 following 22 years as the President. As a result, Michael Turtur has a seat on the U.C.I. board (representing Oceania) on the Management Committee of the International Cycling Union. On 2 December 2012, former Olympic athlete Tracey Gaudry was","title":"Oceania Cycling Confederation"},{"psg_id":"16022999","text":"the Map Division has help to facilitate one documentary, and is assisting a number of other documentaries in development. Commemorative Infrastructure being promoted by the Australia on the Map Division includes the concepts an Explorers Commemorative Area in the Parliamentary Triangle in Canberra and a National Events Corporation. Research Projects undertaken by the Australia on the Map Division include the online translation of the VOC Charter and the current Search for the Deadwater Wreck. Australia on the Map endeavours to foster commemorations of significant landmarks in early Australian history. In 2011 it promoted the 200th anniversary of the publication of","title":"Australia on the Map"},{"psg_id":"8336112","text":"Oceania Athletics Association The Oceania Athletics Association (OAA) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Oceania. The OAA head office is located in Varsity Lakes, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The OAA was founded as Oceania Amateur Athletic Organization (OAAA) on August 21, 1969, during a \"Congress of the delegates of Member Countries of the Australasian Area\" held in Port Moresby, then Territory of Papua and New Guinea, at the time of the 3rd South Pacific Games. The name was changed to Oceania Athletics Organization in February 2007. The current president of the association, Geoff Gardner (Norfolk Island)","title":"Oceania Athletics Association"},{"psg_id":"19408171","text":"2019 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualification Qualifying for the 2019 Rugby World Cup for Oceania Rugby began in June 2016, where across 2 years, 3 teams competed for two direct qualification spots from Oceania. While two places were available to Oceania in a cross-regional play-off series' to qualify for the World Cup and or advance through the Repechage. Two teams from the Oceania region, New Zealand and Australia, qualified automatically for the 2019 World Cup by finishing in the top 12 in the 2015 World Cup. Fiji and Tonga qualified by finishing first and second (on aggregate) in the","title":"2019 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualification"},{"psg_id":"299342","text":"Islands, all on the margins of Asia, and the Aleutian Islands of North America. In its periphery, Oceania sprawls 28 degrees north to the Bonin Islands in the northern hemisphere, and 55 degrees south to Macquarie Island in the southern hemisphere. Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. Oceania is one of eight terrestrial ecozones, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. Related to these concepts are Near Oceania,","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"16193419","text":"Oceania Chess Championship Leading chess players from the FIDE Oceania Zone 3.6 are allowed to play in the Oceania Chess Championships. The tournament is conducted by the FIDE Oceania Zone President and Oceania Chess Confederation under the auspices of the world chess federation, FIDE. Before January 2012, the Oceania Chess Championship was scheduled as part of the FIDE World Chess Championship cycle, and winners qualified to represent the FIDE Oceania Zone at the Chess World Cup. Since 2012 the Oceania Chess Championship has been held every year, with only each alternate (odd numbered) year acting as the Oceania Zone Championship","title":"Oceania Chess Championship"},{"psg_id":"12408749","text":"Oceania Rugby Cup The Oceania Cup is an international rugby union competition for countries and territories from Oceania with national teams in the developmental band. It is administered by Oceania Rugby (formerly known as FORU). The tournament has been played under various formats depending on the number and strength of the teams entered. The first competition was held in 1996-97 as part of the qualification process for the 1999 Rugby World Cup. The competition was officially re-launched as the FORU Oceania Cup for the 2007 season. From 2009 onward, it has been held bi-annually and it has been played under","title":"Oceania Rugby Cup"},{"psg_id":"8518717","text":"was no Oceania Basketball Tournament in 2005 because the Mini Games included basketball that year in Palau. FIBA Oceania Championship FIBA Oceania Championship is the name commonly used to refer to the Oceania basketball championships that take every two years between national teams of the continent. Through the 2015 edition, the Oceania Championships are also a qualifying tournament for the Basketball World Cups and Olympic Games. When only Australia and New Zealand compete, the tournament is usually a best-of-three playoff; if other teams compete, a round-robin and a knockout stage is employed. In 2009, the Oceania Basketball Federation changed this","title":"FIBA Oceania Championship"},{"psg_id":"10314547","text":"Australian rules football in Oceania Australian rules football in Oceania is the sport of Australian rules football as it is watched and played in the Oceanian continent. Today the sport is most popular in Nauru where it is the national sport, and Australia, where the AFL is the most attended football code. There are currently organised open age leagues in seven nations (including Australia) around the Pacific, while in at least four other nations there have been participation in the sport. The sport is broadcast on television in most of these countries, particularly the AFL Grand Final, however outside of","title":"Australian rules football in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"5894943","text":"third place playoff was cancelled due to injuries following in particular the Central United vs Tafea match. South Melbourne are the 1999 Oceania Club Champions and qualify for the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship. 1999 Oceania Club Championship The 1999 Oceania Club Championships was held in September 1999. The tournament was designed to decide the Oceania Football Confederation's entrant into the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship. The competition was held in Fiji (Nadi and Lautoka). A total of 9 teams from 9 OFC member associations entered the competition. The nine participants were placed in three groups, where each team played","title":"1999 Oceania Club Championship"},{"psg_id":"8659216","text":"Oceania Continent Handball Federation The Oceania Continent Handball Federation (OCHF) is the governing body for the Olympic sport of Handball in Oceania. It is affiliated to the International Handball Federation (IHF). The OCHF is administered by an executive committee elected annually by its members. The OCHF members are the local governing Handball federations in countries within the Oceania region that are also members of the IHF. The first Oceania Handball Federation (OHF) was founded on 9 July 1993, by Mr. Alexander Dimitric in Sydney, Australia. In 1994, the first ever Oceania Senior Men's and Women's Championships were held in the","title":"Oceania Continent Handball Federation"},{"psg_id":"8929963","text":"Oceania Cruises Oceania Cruises is a Miami, Florida, United States-based shipping company that operates six premium cruise ships on worldwide itineraries. The sixth ship, formerly \"Ocean Princess\" and renamed \"Sirena\", joined the fleet in 2016. Since September 2014, Oceania Cruises has been owned by Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, LTD. which also owns Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) and Regent Seven Seas Cruises. While it also offers cruises as short as ten days, the norm is 10- to 14-days and the line is also known for its long cruises lasting up to 195 days. The line's President and CEO is Bob Binder;","title":"Oceania Cruises"},{"psg_id":"8929967","text":"and Fincantieri are close to making a deal on two additional ships for the \"Oceania\" Class. The order for these additional ships never came to pass. On September 2, 2014, Norwegian Cruise Line purchased Prestige Cruise Holdings, the parent company of \"Oceania Cruises\" and Regent Seven Seas Cruises, for $3.025 billion. On November 25, 2014, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd announced a definitive agreement with Princess Cruises to purchase the \"Ocean Princess\" for Oceania Cruises, upon delivery in March 2016, the ship underwent a 35-day, $40 million refurbishment in Marseille, France to become the \"Sirena\". In August 2018, Oceania Cruises","title":"Oceania Cruises"},{"psg_id":"3982708","text":"Oceania cuts right across the old category of Melanesia. The old categories have been in use since they were proposed by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville in the mid- 19th century. Though the push of academia has been to replace the categories with Green's terms since the early 1990s, the old categories have remained in popular culture and general usage. Near Oceania Near Oceania or Near Melanesia is the part of Oceania settled 35,000 years ago, comprising western Island Melanesia: the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands archipelago. Compare Remote Oceania. The great nineteenth-century naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace explored Nusantara,","title":"Near Oceania"},{"psg_id":"6900891","text":"symplectic structure on formula_69 such that inclusion map formula_70 is a momentum map. 2. Let formula_45 act on a symplectic manifold formula_72 with formula_73 a momentum map for the action, and formula_74 be a Lie group homomorphism, inducing an action of formula_75 on formula_43. Then the action of formula_75 on formula_43 is also Hamiltonian, with momentum map given by formula_79, where formula_80 is the dual map to formula_81 (formula_82 denotes the identity element of formula_75). A case of special interest is when formula_75 is a Lie subgroup of formula_45 and formula_86 is the inclusion map. 3. Let formula_87 be a","title":"Moment map"},{"psg_id":"14487832","text":"Patty Mills. New Zealand has also helped to create some NBA players as well, such as Kirk Penney, Steven Adams, and Sean Marks. Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru and is the most popular football code in Australia in terms of attendance. It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League. Sport in Oceania The most popular sport in Oceania varies from country to country. The most popular sport in Australia is cricket, the most popular sport among Australian women is netball, while Australian rules football","title":"Sport in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"19881723","text":"2017 UCI Oceania Tour The 2017 UCI Oceania Tour is the 13th season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 22 January 2017 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and finished on 4 March 2017 with the Continental Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Sean Lake from Australia is the defending 2016 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day","title":"2017 UCI Oceania Tour"},{"psg_id":"18764218","text":"\"\"either have their normal place of residence (defined as being a place where an athlete is resident and/or educated) in an \"athletically remote area\" of Australia (defined as a being a place more than 300 km from any centre at which track and field competition is held on a regular basis i.e. basically weekly or fortnightly during the track season) or \"Northern Australia\" (defined as comprising the Northern Territory and any parts of Western Australia and North Queensland, north of 26th parallel south latitude)\"\". 2015 Oceania Athletics Championships The 2015 Oceania Athletics Championships were held at Barlow Park in Cairns,","title":"2015 Oceania Athletics Championships"},{"psg_id":"16023003","text":"the Friends Lounge, National Library of Australia 3 October 2002.\" Canberra: National Initiative Working Group, 2002 Reynders, P. (trans.) and Gerritsen, R. (ed.) \"A Translation of the Charter of the Dutch East Indies Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC): Granted by the State General of the United Netherlands, 20 March 1602.\" Canberra: Australia on the Map Division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society, 2009. Australia on the Map Australia on the Map is the history and heritage division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society. It seeks to enhance Australians’ knowledge, understanding and appreciation of the nation’s early history, beginning in 1606 with","title":"Australia on the Map"},{"psg_id":"17677693","text":"UK transport network. The extensive geographic index from paper publications is available digitally and includes street names, hospitals, government buildings, points of interest etc. Geographers' A-Z Map Company produces a number of smartphone apps that are available on most devices. Apps include: Cabbies Mate, A-Z London Tourist Map, London Super Scale Street map, Greater London map, Glasgow Premier Map Geographers' A-Z Map Company Geographers' A-Z Map Company Ltd. is the largest independent map publisher in the United Kingdom providing cartographic services, digital data products and paper mapping publications (including Street Atlases, Visitors Guides, Great Britain Road Atlases and The Adventure","title":"Geographers' A-Z Map Company"},{"psg_id":"20547460","text":"The seeding, which is based on BWF world rankings, for both the men's and women's competition is the same: ---- ---- 2018 Oceania Badminton Championships The XIII 2018 Oceania Badminton Championships is the continental badminton championships in Oceania sanctioned by the Badminton Oceania, and Badminton World Federation. This championship is organized by Badminton New Zealand, and will be the 13th edition of the Oceania Badminton Championships. It is being held in Hamilton, New Zealand from 6 to 11 February 2018. The team event will start in 6 February, and will be the qualification stage for the 2018 Thomas & Uber","title":"2018 Oceania Badminton Championships"},{"psg_id":"8518714","text":"FIBA Oceania Championship FIBA Oceania Championship is the name commonly used to refer to the Oceania basketball championships that take every two years between national teams of the continent. Through the 2015 edition, the Oceania Championships are also a qualifying tournament for the Basketball World Cups and Olympic Games. When only Australia and New Zealand compete, the tournament is usually a best-of-three playoff; if other teams compete, a round-robin and a knockout stage is employed. In 2009, the Oceania Basketball Federation changed this format to a two-game, home-and-away playoff between the two countries, with aggregate score as the tiebreaker should","title":"FIBA Oceania Championship"},{"psg_id":"15205454","text":"since 2009 part of the IWRF Americas Championship. <nowiki>*</nowiki> = Oceania Championship <nowiki>*</nowiki> = Oceania Championship IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship The IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship or IWRF Asia-Oceania Zone Championship is the name commonly used to refer to the Asian-Oceanian wheelchair rugby championships that take place every two years between national teams of the continents. The Asia-Oceania Championship is also a qualifying tournament for the IWRF World Championships and the Paralympic Games. Before 2009 the tournament was known as the Oceania Championship. The first Oceania Championship was held in 2001. Due to the lack of another teams in Africa, the South Africa","title":"IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship"},{"psg_id":"16193422","text":"end of the tournament, with a score of 2/2. In 2015, untitled player Brodie McClymont beat IM Max Illingworth in the last round to catch him for 1st= with scores of 7.5/9, which means an automatic IM title. Illingworth beat McClymont 1.5–0.5 in the rapid chess playoff match for Zonal Champion. Oceania Chess Championship Leading chess players from the FIDE Oceania Zone 3.6 are allowed to play in the Oceania Chess Championships. The tournament is conducted by the FIDE Oceania Zone President and Oceania Chess Confederation under the auspices of the world chess federation, FIDE. Before January 2012, the Oceania","title":"Oceania Chess Championship"},{"psg_id":"7489192","text":"Map coloring Map coloring is the act of assigning different colors to different features on a map. There are two very different uses of this term. The first is in cartography, choosing the colors to be used when producing a map. The second is in mathematics, where the problem is to determine the minimum number of colors needed to color a map so that no two adjacent features have the same color. Color is a very useful attribute to depict different features on a map. Typical uses of color include displaying different political divisions, different elevations, or different kinds of","title":"Map coloring"},{"psg_id":"16022995","text":"Map: 1606–2006 came to the realisation that there were significant limitations to Australian’s knowledge of their early history. It was recognised that there needed to be ongoing education and awareness raising of the Australian community to overcome this limitation. At the same time the Australasian Hydrographic Society saw a need for greater awareness of hydrographic history and heritage among its members and stakeholders. Consequently, they invited those involved in Australia on the Map: 1606–2006 to form a new history and heritage ‘region’, to be known as Australia on the Map Division. In April 2007 Australia on the Map: 1606–2006 was","title":"Australia on the Map"},{"psg_id":"299321","text":"Campbell Islands, belonging to New Zealand. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and human development index, to the much less developed economies that belong to countries such as of Kiribati and Tuvalu, while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Palau, Fiji and Tonga. The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, with Sydney being the largest city of both Oceania and Australia. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"299369","text":"settled by two major waves of migration. The first migration took place approximately 40 thousand years ago, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised much of Near Oceania. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania.<ref name=\"doi10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.014\"></ref> Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the Austronesian expansion and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. With regards to Papuan influence, autochthonous haplogroups support the hypothesis of a long history in Near Oceania, with some lineages suggesting a","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"7734681","text":"Oceania (song) \"Oceania\" is a song recorded by Icelandic singer Björk for her sixth studio album \"Medúlla\". It was written and produced by Björk, with additional writing by Sjón and production by Mark Bell. The song was written by the singer specially for the 2004 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony, after a request by the International Olympic Committee. \"Oceania\" was released as a promotional single on 13 August 2004, by One Little Indian Records. The song was written at the ocean's point of view, from which the singer believes all life emerged, and details the human's evolution, whilst accompanied by a","title":"Oceania (song)"},{"psg_id":"18484267","text":"at Tokyo Institute of Technology and Monash University. to promote graduate engineering student mobility within Asia and Oceania universities similar to the ERASMUS+ program offered by EU universities that is funded by the European commission. AOTULE was subsequently founded in 2007 at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, by holding its inaugural meeting where participating Engineering Deans signed a memorandum of understanding. Each Fall since 2007, an AOTULE member has organized and hosted the annual AOTULE student conference, administration staff and Dean's meeting as noted below. The annual Deans', administrative staff meeting and student conference is held annually in October or","title":"Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering"},{"psg_id":"19304678","text":"2016 UCI Oceania Tour The 2016 UCI Oceania Tour was the twelfth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 20 January 2016 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and finished on 5 March 2016 with the Continental Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Taylor Gunman from New Zealand is the defending 2015 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and","title":"2016 UCI Oceania Tour"},{"psg_id":"18564942","text":"2015 UCI Oceania Tour The 2015 UCI Oceania Tour was the eleventh season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 28 January 2015 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and finished on 28 February 2015 with The REV Classic. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Robert Power from Australia is the defending 2014 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day","title":"2015 UCI Oceania Tour"},{"psg_id":"15934271","text":"of antagonists from the novel, including the nine Black Riders, Gollum, Shelob, and various Orcs. A Map of Middle-earth A Map of Middle-earth is the name of two colour posters by different artists, published in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the American and British publishers of J. R. R. Tolkien's book \"The Lord of the Rings\". Both posters were based on cartography by J. R. R. Tolkien and Christopher Tolkien to depict the fictional region of Middle-earth. None of these maps cover the whole continent of Middle-earth; instead they only portray the north-western part of the continent, where","title":"A Map of Middle-earth"},{"psg_id":"15934269","text":"A Map of Middle-earth A Map of Middle-earth is the name of two colour posters by different artists, published in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the American and British publishers of J. R. R. Tolkien's book \"The Lord of the Rings\". Both posters were based on cartography by J. R. R. Tolkien and Christopher Tolkien to depict the fictional region of Middle-earth. None of these maps cover the whole continent of Middle-earth; instead they only portray the north-western part of the continent, where the story of \"The Lord of the Rings\" takes place. The earlier poster, signed \"BRem\"","title":"A Map of Middle-earth"},{"psg_id":"16193420","text":"and Chess World Cup qualifier. In these years, the title of International Master (IM) is awarded to the winner(s) of the Oceania Zone Championship event, as per the FIDE title regulations. The first Oceania Chess Championship was organised by the inaugural Oceania Zone President, Graeme Gardiner, on the Gold Coast, Australia in 1999. Vladimir Feldman of Australia won the event, undefeated, with a score of 7/9. In May 2000, an additional Oceania Zonal Chess Championship was held to coincide with changes in the schedule of the FIDE World Chess Championship cycle. Only an open event was held that year, without","title":"Oceania Chess Championship"},{"psg_id":"13448644","text":"via Santo-Pekoa International Airport and Bauerfield International Airport are now being screened using body heat detection before being allowed to exit the airport's gates. 1st case confirm in Vanuatu. 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania The 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania, part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu, has (as of 27 June 2009) afflicted at over 22,000 people in Oceania, with 56 confirmed deaths. Almost all of the cases in Oceania have been in Australia, where the majority of cases have resulted from","title":"2009 flu pandemic in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"16023001","text":"First Map of Australia, held at the National Library of Australia on 19 June 2011. This event involved close collaboration between the Australia on the Map Division, the National Library of Australia and the French Embassy and was addressed by the most eminent French scholars in Australia. Australia on the Map has already been engaged in preparations for commemorations in coming years. Plans were made to mark the 300th anniversary in 2012 of the sinking of the \"Zuytdorp\" on the coast of Western Australia in 1712. Australia on the Map has also been promoting the concept of “Naming Australia/Nommer l’Australie”","title":"Australia on the Map"},{"psg_id":"8929964","text":"he is vice-chairman and also a co-founder of the brand. Oceania Cruises was founded in 2002 by luxury cruise industry veterans Frank Del Rio, Bob Binder, and Joe Watters. The founding management team also included industry veterans Robin Lindsay, James Rodriguez, Jeff Drew, and Howard Sherman. The company chartered the former Renaissance Cruises ship \"R Two\" from Cruiseinvest and renamed her \"Insignia\" in October 2002. In April 2003 the \"Insignia\" was chartered to the French travel agency TRM for three months, during which Oceania Cruises operated no vessels. On 15 June 2003 Oceania Cruises re-commenced service with two ships: the","title":"Oceania Cruises"},{"psg_id":"299400","text":"editions of the Commonwealth Games (Sydney 1938, Perth 1962, Brisbane 1982, Melbourne 2006, Gold Coast 2018). Meanwhile, New Zealand has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times: Auckland 1950, Christchurch 1974 and Auckland 1990. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. It is held every four years and began in 1963. Australia and New Zealand competed in the games for the first time in 2015. Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographic region comprising Australasia, Melanesia,","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"2030065","text":"Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego? Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego? is an American animated television series based on the series of computer games. The show was produced by DIC Entertainment/Program Exchange and originally aired Saturday mornings on FOX during the Fox Kids block. Its episodes have subsequently been repeated on the Fox Family, PAX and the short-lived girlzChannel. Reruns of the series currently air on The Worship Network and Qubo. The series won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Animated Program in 1995 and in the same year was spun off into a Where in the World-styled","title":"Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?"},{"psg_id":"14796474","text":"November 11-12, ANZ National Stadium, Suva, Fiji. November 10-11, Suva, Fiji. November 9-10 at ANZ National Stadium, Suva, Fiji. Pool A Pool B Plate semifinals Cup semifinals 7th place final 5th place final 3rd place final Final Oceania Women's Sevens Championship The Oceania Women's Sevens is the regional championship for women's international rugby sevens in Oceania. The tournament is held over two days, typically on a weekend. It is sanctioned and sponsored by Oceania Rugby, which is the rugby union governing body for the region. Rugby sevens — also known as 7-a-side, or 7s — is a short form of","title":"Oceania Women's Sevens Championship"},{"psg_id":"3982704","text":"Near Oceania Near Oceania or Near Melanesia is the part of Oceania settled 35,000 years ago, comprising western Island Melanesia: the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands archipelago. Compare Remote Oceania. The great nineteenth-century naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace explored Nusantara, drawing attention to fundamental biological differences between the Australia-New Guinea region and Southeast Asia. The boundary between the Asian and Australian faunal regions consists of a zone of smaller islands bearing the name of Wallacea, in honor of the co-discoverer of the theory of natural selection. Wallace speculated that the key to understanding these differences would lie in \"now-submerged lands,","title":"Near Oceania"},{"psg_id":"17061421","text":"2013 UCI Oceania Tour The 2013 UCI Oceania Tour was the ninth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 23 January 2013 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and ended on 17 March 2013 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Paul Odlin from New Zealand was the defending 2011–12 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Damien Howson from Australia was crowned as the 2013 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage","title":"2013 UCI Oceania Tour"},{"psg_id":"15263121","text":"2011 UCI Oceania Tour The 2011 UCI Oceania Tour was the seventh season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 26 January 2011 with the Tour of Wellington and ended on 20 March 2011 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Michael Matthews of Australia was the defending champion of the 2009–10 UCI Oceania Tour. Richard Lang of Australia was crowned as the 2011 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage","title":"2011 UCI Oceania Tour"},{"psg_id":"20886688","text":"augmented map interface is provided in a library PAM. Augmented map In computer science, the augmented map is an abstract data type (ADT) based on ordered maps, which associates each ordered map an augmented value. For an ordered map formula_1 with key type formula_2, comparison function formula_3 on formula_2 and value type formula_5, the augmented value is defined based on two functions: a \"base\" function formula_6 and a \"combine\" function formula_7, where formula_8 is the type of the augmented value. The base function formula_9converts a single entry in formula_1 to an augmented value, and the combine function formula_11 combines multiple","title":"Augmented map"},{"psg_id":"14796469","text":"Oceania Women's Sevens Championship The Oceania Women's Sevens is the regional championship for women's international rugby sevens in Oceania. The tournament is held over two days, typically on a weekend. It is sanctioned and sponsored by Oceania Rugby, which is the rugby union governing body for the region. Rugby sevens — also known as 7-a-side, or 7s — is a short form of the sport of rugby union that was first played in 1883. The first (men's) internationals took place in 1973. As women's rugby union developed in the 1960s and 1970s the format became very popular as it allowed","title":"Oceania Women's Sevens Championship"},{"psg_id":"6900886","text":"so that formula_13 for some function formula_14. Suppose also that the map formula_15 sending formula_16 is a Lie algebra homomorphism. Then a momentum map for the \"G\"-action on (\"M\", ω) is a map formula_17 such that for all ξ in formula_1. Here formula_20 is the function from \"M\" to R defined by formula_21. The momentum map is uniquely defined up to an additive constant of integration. A momentum map is often also required to be \"G\"-equivariant, where \"G\" acts on formula_2 via the coadjoint action. If the group is compact or semisimple, then the constant of integration can always be","title":"Moment map"},{"psg_id":"299323","text":"arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. In more contemporary times there has been increasing discussion on national flags and a desire by some Oceanians to display their distinguishable and individualistic identity. The rock art of Australian Aborigines is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. Puncak Jaya in Papua is often considered the highest peak in Oceania. Most Oceanian countries have a parliamentary representative democratic multi-party system, with tourism being a large source of income for the Pacific Islands nations. The geographer Conrad Malte-Brun","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"15205453","text":"IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship The IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship or IWRF Asia-Oceania Zone Championship is the name commonly used to refer to the Asian-Oceanian wheelchair rugby championships that take place every two years between national teams of the continents. The Asia-Oceania Championship is also a qualifying tournament for the IWRF World Championships and the Paralympic Games. Before 2009 the tournament was known as the Oceania Championship. The first Oceania Championship was held in 2001. Due to the lack of another teams in Africa, the South Africa is also competing in this championship. Canada was part of the tournament in 2007, but is","title":"IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship"},{"psg_id":"15478402","text":"Netball in Oceania Netball in Oceania is generally regarded as a woman's sport. Women's sports in Oceania have traditionally had a very low profile. Despite this, netball is popular in Oceania, with its growth partly because of New Zealand encouraging the game and providing money for the training of coaches, umpires and other netball development needs. In New Zealand and in neighbouring Australia, netball is one of the most popular sports played by women. Netball is one of the sports at the Pacific Games, a multi-sport event, with participation from countries around the South Pacific, that is held every four","title":"Netball in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"19881724","text":"events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded. The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows: 2017 UCI Oceania Tour The 2017 UCI Oceania Tour is the 13th season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 22 January 2017 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and finished on 4 March 2017 with the Continental Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling","title":"2017 UCI Oceania Tour"},{"psg_id":"5946493","text":"2001 Oceania Club Championship The 2001 Oceania Club Championships was held in January 2001. The tournament was designed to decide the Oceania Football Confederation's entrant into the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship; however that Club World Championship tournament was cancelled by FIFA. The competition was held in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, with all matches held at the Lloyd Robson Stadium. The tournament was won by Australian club Wollongong Wolves. A total of 11 teams from 11 OFC member associations entered the competition. The eleven participants were placed in two groups, where each team played the other teams once. The","title":"2001 Oceania Club Championship"},{"psg_id":"5894942","text":"1999 Oceania Club Championship The 1999 Oceania Club Championships was held in September 1999. The tournament was designed to decide the Oceania Football Confederation's entrant into the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship. The competition was held in Fiji (Nadi and Lautoka). A total of 9 teams from 9 OFC member associations entered the competition. The nine participants were placed in three groups, where each team played the other teams once. The group winners and best second place team progressed to the semi-finals. The top team from each groups progressed to the semifinals, along with the best second place team. The","title":"1999 Oceania Club Championship"},{"psg_id":"16022998","text":"on the Map Division website is an important educational tool for the organisation. It features what is known as the “Landings List”, which provides a brief entry on every episode of contact and other significant cartographic developments from 1606 to 1814. It also carries the only online translation of the original 1602 VOC Charter of the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC - Dutch East India Company), developed as a result research project. The Australia on the Map Division had significant input into the process of the development of a National Education Curriculum. Through its Publicity and Promotion activities the Australia on","title":"Australia on the Map"},{"psg_id":"9020133","text":"L.A. Without a Map L.A. Without a Map is a 1998 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mika Kaurismäki and written by Mika Kaurismäki and Richard Rayner, based on his novel. The film stars David Tennant, Vinessa Shaw, Julie Delpy, Vincent Gallo, Joe Dallesandro, and Johnny Depp. It is a French, British and Finnish production. It is also known under the titles \"Los Angeles Without a Map\" and \"I Love L.A.\" (France). While visiting a Northern English city, Barbara (Vinessa Shaw), an aspiring Hollywood actress, has a fling with the town undertaker Richard (David Tennant), who also writes obituaries for the","title":"L.A. Without a Map"},{"psg_id":"17835893","text":"2014 UCI Oceania Tour The 2014 UCI Oceania Tour was the tenth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 29 January 2014 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and ended on 22 February 2014 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Damien Howson from Australia was the defending 2013 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and","title":"2014 UCI Oceania Tour"},{"psg_id":"16321429","text":"Borgia map Mainly a decoration piece, the Borgia map is a world map made sometime in the early 15th century, and engraved on a metal plate. Its \"workmanship and written explanations make it one of the most precious pieces of the history of cartography\". The year when the Borgia map was created is unknown. One source argues that the map must date from sometime before 1453. Another source suggests the map was made c.1450. In the late 18th century the artifact found its way into an antique shop, from where it became part of the collection of Cardinal Borgia. The","title":"Borgia map"},{"psg_id":"17765221","text":"undertaken. Map regression is performed either by comparing individual features between maps, or by re-projecting an entire map so as to fit another onto which it can then be superimposed. The process can include resolving any differences in map scale, projection, datum, or format; and the interpretation of each map in its meaning and accuracy. Similarities between maps, such as topography or built structures, are identified to determine where distinct features from one map are plotted on another. One manual technique is to copy features from earlier maps onto transparent overlays placed on the most recent map which provides the","title":"Map regression"},{"psg_id":"12055515","text":"Oceania Swimming Association The Oceania Swimming Association is the continental governing body recognised by FINA, for the national governing bodies of swimming, open water swimming, diving, water polo, synchronised swimming and masters swimming in Oceania. The body was established in January 1991 during the 1991 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia. At the OSA Congress held in June 2008, Dennis Miller of Fiji was elected President of the organization. The body will next meet during the 2009 World Championships in Rome, Italy. The OSA also tracks and maintains the Oceania Records. There are currently 14 member federations of the Oceania","title":"Oceania Swimming Association"},{"psg_id":"12055513","text":"Oceania Swimming Association The Oceania Swimming Association is the continental governing body recognised by FINA, for the national governing bodies of swimming, open water swimming, diving, water polo, synchronised swimming and masters swimming in Oceania. The body was established in January 1991 during the 1991 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia. At the OSA Congress held in June 2008, Dennis Miller of Fiji was elected President of the organization. The body will next meet during the 2009 World Championships in Rome, Italy. The OSA also tracks and maintains the Oceania Records. There are currently 14 member federations of the Oceania","title":"Oceania Swimming Association"},{"psg_id":"5329042","text":"Kaplan–Yorke map The Kaplan–Yorke map is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is an example of a dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior. The Kaplan–Yorke map takes a point (\"x, y \") in the plane and maps it to a new point given by where \"mod\" is the modulo operator with real arguments. The map depends on only the one constant α. Due to roundoff error, successive applications of the modulo operator will yield zero after some ten or twenty iterations when implemented as a floating point operation on a computer. It is better to implement the following equivalent algorithm: where","title":"Kaplan–Yorke map"},{"psg_id":"9553774","text":"Oceania (journal) Oceania is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1930. It covers social and cultural anthropology of the peoples of Oceania, including Australia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia, and Southeast Asia. The journal publishes research papers as well as review articles, correspondence, and shorter comments. Occasionally, a special issue is devoted to a single topic, comprising thematically connected collections of papers prepared by a guest editor. The journal is published by Wiley-Blackwell and the editors-in-chief are Jadran Mimica (University of Sydney) and Nancy Williams (University of Queensland). Past editors include Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, Adolphus Peter Elkin and Raymond Firth.","title":"Oceania (journal)"},{"psg_id":"9553773","text":"Oceania (journal) Oceania is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1930. It covers social and cultural anthropology of the peoples of Oceania, including Australia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia, and Southeast Asia. The journal publishes research papers as well as review articles, correspondence, and shorter comments. Occasionally, a special issue is devoted to a single topic, comprising thematically connected collections of papers prepared by a guest editor. The journal is published by Wiley-Blackwell and the editors-in-chief are Jadran Mimica (University of Sydney) and Nancy Williams (University of Queensland). Past editors include Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, Adolphus Peter Elkin and Raymond Firth.","title":"Oceania (journal)"},{"psg_id":"299387","text":"length film, spurred a boom in Australian cinema during the silent film era. The Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne are the oldest and largest museums in Oceania. The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Oceania. Australia is also known for its cafe and coffee culture in urban centres. Australia and New Zealand were responsible for the flat white coffee. Most Indigenous Australian tribal groups subsisted on a simple hunter-gatherer diet of native fauna and flora, otherwise called bush tucker. The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of","title":"Oceania"},{"psg_id":"1726207","text":"Multilinear map In linear algebra, a multilinear map is a function of several variables that is linear separately in each variable. More precisely, a multilinear map is a function where formula_2 and formula_3 are vector spaces (or modules over a commutative ring), with the following property: for each formula_4, if all of the variables but formula_5 are held constant, then formula_6 is a linear function of formula_5. A multilinear map of one variable is a linear map, and of two variables is a bilinear map. More generally, a multilinear map of \"k\" variables is called a \"k\"-linear map. If the","title":"Multilinear map"},{"psg_id":"20886678","text":"Augmented map In computer science, the augmented map is an abstract data type (ADT) based on ordered maps, which associates each ordered map an augmented value. For an ordered map formula_1 with key type formula_2, comparison function formula_3 on formula_2 and value type formula_5, the augmented value is defined based on two functions: a \"base\" function formula_6 and a \"combine\" function formula_7, where formula_8 is the type of the augmented value. The base function formula_9converts a single entry in formula_1 to an augmented value, and the combine function formula_11 combines multiple augmented values. The combine function formula_11 is required to","title":"Augmented map"},{"psg_id":"9787320","text":"Muslim migrants came on a ship bringing indentured labourers to Fiji in 1879. Muslims consisted of 22% of the boarders on \"Leonidas\", which was the first such ship. Islam in Oceania Islam in Oceania refers to Islam and Muslims in Oceania. By current estimates, there are 620,156 total Muslims in Oceania: 476,600 in Australia, 48,151 in New Zealand, 52,520 in Fiji, 6,352 in New Caledonia, 2,200 in Papua New Guinea, 360 in Solomon Islands, 221 in Vanuatu, 110 in Tonga and tiny numbers in Kiribati and Samoa. According to a 2007 article in \"Pacific Magazine\", entitled 'Green Moon Rising', Islam","title":"Islam in Oceania"},{"psg_id":"17835894","text":"one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded. The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows: 2014 UCI Oceania Tour The 2014 UCI Oceania Tour was the tenth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 29 January 2014 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and ended on 22 February 2014 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania","title":"2014 UCI Oceania Tour"},{"psg_id":"15553973","text":"Oceania (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Oceania is the eighth studio album by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on June 19, 2012 through EMI, Reprise Records and Martha's Music. Produced by Billy Corgan and Bjorn Thorsrud, the album is part of the band's abandoned 44-song project album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". As of September 2012, \"Oceania\" has sold over 102,000 copies in the US. A live performance of the album, \"\", was released on September 24, 2013. On April 26, 2011, in a video on the band's Facebook fan page, frontman Billy Corgan announced plans to release \"Oceania\" as","title":"Oceania (The Smashing Pumpkins album)"},{"psg_id":"12132346","text":"Google Map Maker Google Map Maker is a discontinued mapping and map editing service launched by Google in June 2008. In geographies where it is hard to find providers of good map data, user contributions could be used to increase map quality. Changes to Google Map Maker were intended to appear on Google Maps only after sufficient review by Google moderators. Google Map Maker was used at Google Mapathon events held annually. In November 2016, it was announced that Google Map Maker would be retired and merged with Google Maps itself; it was officially shut down on March 31, 2017.","title":"Google Map Maker"},{"psg_id":"17721679","text":"digital map of Atlantis, it turns out that Carmen Sandiego had been intercepting ACME communications and planned this entire mission. Carmen Sandiego steals the map and heads to South America. The gameplay consists of point and click elements. To progress the player must choose dialogue options during conversations, solve puzzles, make use of the digital handheld ACME computer and select a travel destination on the world map until a case is solved. When a case is solved the player gains a higher ACME rank. A review of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? 3 at PALGN was negative: \"It's","title":"Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? 3 - New Carmen Adventure"},{"psg_id":"4505417","text":"Transpose of a linear map In linear algebra, the transpose of a linear map between two vector spaces, defined over the same field, is an induced map between the dual spaces of the two vector spaces. The transpose of a linear map is often used to study the original linear map. This concept is generalised by adjoint functors. Let V and W be vector spaces over the same field. If is a linear map, then the \"transpose\" (or \"dual\", or \"adjoint\"), is defined to be The resulting functional \"f\"(\"φ\") is called the \"pullback\" of \"φ\" along \"f\". The following identity,","title":"Transpose of a linear map"},{"psg_id":"10612773","text":"Jesus of Nazareth, the sea of Tiberiades, where a good part of the apostles worked as fishermen, and Monte Tabor, the place where the Transfiguration occurred. Africa is obviously from the Nile river with a lake as its source. The Maghreb is named \"Libia\" and Africa is surrounded by a sea coloured red. Beatus map The Beatus Map or Beatine Map is one of the most significant cartographic works of the European Early Middle Ages: It was originally drawn by the Spanish monk Beatus of Liébana, based on the accounts given by Saint Isidore of Seville, Ptolemy and the Holy","title":"Beatus map"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299360\",\n \"text\": \"a more recent temperature of recorded in 1995 in nearby Ophir. Pohnpei of the Senyavin Islands in Micronesia is the wettest settlement in Oceania, and one of the wettest places on earth, with annual recorded rainfall exceeding each year in certain mountainous locations. The Big Bog on the island of Maui is the wettest place, receiving an average each year. The linked map below shows the exclusive economic zones (EEZs) of the islands of Oceania and neighbouring areas, as a guide to the following table (there are no political boundaries that can be drawn on a map of the Pacific\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16384740\",\n \"text\": \"wishing to evaluate residential areas. An isochrone map of the London Underground network was made available in 2007. Iso4App is an isochrone map service (car, bike and pedestrian) available on Europe, Russian Federation, Ukraine, China, North America, Latin America, Australia-Oceania, South Africa; in addition iso4app implements isochrones on public transport. Demo is available at Tolosa (France). A time-based travel map that went viral was the Isochronic World Map, produced using data from Rome2rio's routing engine for plane, train, bus, ferry and automobile. It compared travel times from London in 2016 versus 1914. Free web app : isochron calculator www.owlapps.net/application-geomarketing Isochrone\",\n \"title\": \"Isochrone map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18484271\",\n \"text\": \"the host country where they are studying, undertake a research project in greater depth and establish a greater network of peers than that provided by a short term exchanges. AOTULE * Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering The Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering (abbreviated AOTULE, pronounced \\\"our tool\\\") is a league consisting of 13 engineering faculties within Asia and Oceania universities. AOTULE's mission is to improve the quality of its member's educational programs and promote research activity among members primarily through exchange of information between deans, faculty members and administration staff at its annual meeting. It also organizes graduate\",\n \"title\": \"Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18484266\",\n \"text\": \"Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering The Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering (abbreviated AOTULE, pronounced \\\"our tool\\\") is a league consisting of 13 engineering faculties within Asia and Oceania universities. AOTULE's mission is to improve the quality of its member's educational programs and promote research activity among members primarily through exchange of information between deans, faculty members and administration staff at its annual meeting. It also organizes graduate student exchange programs and conferences where graduate students present their latest research results in an interdisciplinary format. The seeds for forming AOTULE began in 2006 with discussions between senior engineering faculty\",\n \"title\": \"Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19137933\",\n \"text\": \"April 2009, the government of Tonga sought to reduce this costly petroleum dependency by developing a plan, subsequently called the Tonga Energy Road Map 2010 – 2020 (TERM). Renewable electricity generation is expected to grow from 5.4% in 2013 to 13% in 2018. Renewable electricity generation rose from 4% in 2013 to 43% in 2016. Renewable energy in Oceania This article gives a summary of the status of renewable energy in Oceania. The Pacific island nations are heavily dependent on costly fossil fuel imports, so they are turning, to varying degrees, to renewable energy. Options include household photovoltaic (PV) systems\",\n \"title\": \"Renewable energy in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11358863\",\n \"text\": \"A Blank on the Map A Blank on the Map is a Television documentary made by the BBC which was written and presented by David Attenborough filmed in New Guinea. It was first transmitted in the UK on 29 December 1971 and is now available on the DVD collection \\\"Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages\\\". The documentary follows Attenborough as he joins Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-71 (3 May to 10 June 1971), led by ADC Laurie Bragge, crossing through a previously unexplored region in search of an uncontacted people known as the Bikaru. However a setback is encountered when\",\n \"title\": \"A Blank on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11358865\",\n \"text\": \"the BBC crew were flown out and the rest of the patrol returned to Ambunti. Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-7 report http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb0172517z A Blank on the Map A Blank on the Map is a Television documentary made by the BBC which was written and presented by David Attenborough filmed in New Guinea. It was first transmitted in the UK on 29 December 1971 and is now available on the DVD collection \\\"Attenborough in Paradise and Other Personal Voyages\\\". The documentary follows Attenborough as he joins Ambunti Patrol No 19/1970-71 (3 May to 10 June 1971), led by ADC Laurie Bragge, crossing\",\n \"title\": \"A Blank on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8336115\",\n \"text\": \"regional competitions\\\". This also applies for Tokelau where the first athletics event ever took place recently. In 2008, New Caledonia became the first Associate Member, Niue followed in 2009. Oceania Athletics Association The Oceania Athletics Association (OAA) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Oceania. The OAA head office is located in Varsity Lakes, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The OAA was founded as Oceania Amateur Athletic Organization (OAAA) on August 21, 1969, during a \\\"Congress of the delegates of Member Countries of the Australasian Area\\\" held in Port Moresby, then Territory of Papua and New Guinea, at\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Athletics Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13448631\",\n \"text\": \"2009 flu pandemic in Oceania The 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania, part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu, has (as of 27 June 2009) afflicted at over 22,000 people in Oceania, with 56 confirmed deaths. Almost all of the cases in Oceania have been in Australia, where the majority of cases have resulted from internal community spread of the virus. In addition, the government of New Zealand, where most of the remainder of cases in Oceania have occurred, is on high alert for\",\n \"title\": \"2009 flu pandemic in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12824153\",\n \"text\": \"Monarchies in Oceania There are six monarchies in Oceania; that is: self-governing sovereign states in Oceania where supreme power resides with an individual hereditary head, who is recognised as the head of state. Each is a constitutional monarchy, wherein the sovereign inherits his or her office, usually keeps it until death or abdication, and is bound by laws and customs in the exercise of their powers. Five of these independent states share Queen Elizabeth II as their respective head of state, making them part of a global grouping known as the Commonwealth realms; in addition, all monarchies of Oceania are\",\n \"title\": \"Monarchies in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8533601\",\n \"text\": \"FIBA Oceania FIBA Oceania is a zone within FIBA (International Basketball Federation). It is one of FIBA's five continental confederations. FIBA Oceania is responsible for the organization and governance of the major international tournaments in Oceania. It has 22 FIBA Federations and is headquartered in Southport, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The current FIBA Oceania President is Burton Shipley from New Zealand. Its prime events were the FIBA Oceania Championship for men and the FIBA Oceania Women's Championship. The men's championship, established in 1971, was dominated by Australia. Yet, on some occasions, New Zealand defeated its rival, which was first accomplished\",\n \"title\": \"FIBA Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299361\",\n \"text\": \"at this scale). The demographic table below shows the subregions and countries of geopolitical Oceania. The countries and territories in this table are categorised according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the source and purpose of each description. The predominant religion in Oceania is Christianity (73%). A 2011 survey found that 92% in Melanesia, 93% in Micronesia and 96% in Polynesia described themselves as Christians. Traditional religions\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15478403\",\n \"text\": \"years. The popularity of netball is growing amongst men on the island countries in Oceania, because sport is an important way for villages to keep in touch with each other. The game's popularity can also be seen in local languages, where words have been created to describe it. In Niue, the words include neteplo, pelê neteplo, pelê. The Oceania Netball Federation (ONF) is the governing body for netball in the Oceania region. In New Zealand, netball is the most popular women's participation sport. In 1984, there were 114,210 players. There are over 11,000 teams and 120,440 players. The only sport\",\n \"title\": \"Netball in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14953126\",\n \"text\": \"or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart either from New Zealand or from mainland New Guinea). Although Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands belong to the Commonwealth of Australia and are inhabited, they are nearer Indonesia than the Australian mainland, and are commonly associated with Asia instead of Oceania. The demographic table below shows all inhabited states and territories of Oceania. The information in this chart comes from the CIA World Factbook or the United States Department of State, unless noted otherwise or not available (NA); where sources differ, references are included. Demographics of Oceania Oceania is\",\n \"title\": \"Demographics of Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12408751\",\n \"text\": \"title with Tahiti finishing as runner-up. Competing nations in the FORU Oceania Cup are: Note: The Band 1 teams from Oceania (Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Samoa, and Tonga) do not participate in the FORU Oceania Cup. Winners and runners-up for official FORU and IRB (WR) developmental tournaments in Oceania: Oceania tournaments Oceania Cup Notes: Oceania Rugby Cup The Oceania Cup is an international rugby union competition for countries and territories from Oceania with national teams in the developmental band. It is administered by Oceania Rugby (formerly known as FORU). The tournament has been played under various formats depending on the\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Rugby Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299320\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographic region comprising Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Spanning the eastern and western hemispheres, Oceania covers an area of and has a population of /1e6 round 0 million. Situated in the southeast of the Asia-Pacific region, Oceania is the smallest continental grouping in land area and the second smallest in population after Antarctica. The islands at the geographic extremes of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, a politically integral part of Japan; Hawaii, a state of the United States; Clipperton Island, a possession of France; the Juan Fernández Islands, belonging to Chile; and the\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8341583\",\n \"text\": \"RV Oceania RV \\\"Oceania, or SY \\\"Oceania, is a tall ship, owned by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and used as a research vessel. She was built in 1985 in the Gdańsk Shipyard in Poland, after the design of Zygmunt Choreń. The hull was based on plans of earlier tall ships: ORP \\\"Iskra II\\\" and \\\"Pogoria\\\", but its rigging was different. \\\"Oceania\\\" was originally a full rigged ship, with three masts (each 32 metres high). On every mast there was only one sail, in the shape of a vertical rectangle (sometimes \\\"Oceania\\\" was classified as a frigate), but later the\",\n \"title\": \"RV Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12824165\",\n \"text\": \"referendum to become an overseas collectivity of France, effective in 1961. The collectivity is governed as a parliamentary republic, the citizens elect a Territorial Assembly, the President of which becomes head of government. His cabinet, the Council of the Territory, is made up of the three Kings and three appointed ministers. In addition to this limited parliamentary role the Kings play, the individual kingdoms' customary legal systems have some jurisdiction in areas of civil law. Monarchies in Oceania There are six monarchies in Oceania; that is: self-governing sovereign states in Oceania where supreme power resides with an individual hereditary head,\",\n \"title\": \"Monarchies in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1966971\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Football Confederation The Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) is one of the six continental confederations of international association football, consisting of New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Tonga, and other Pacific Island countries. It promotes the game in Oceania and allows the member nations to qualify for the FIFA World Cup. OFC is predominantly made up of island nations where association football is not the most popular sport. Consequently, the OFC has little influence in the wider football world, either in terms of international competition or as a source of players for high-profile club competitions. In 2006, the OFC's largest\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Football Confederation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299359\",\n \"text\": \"geography. The island of Hawaii for example hosts 4 (out of 5 in total) climate groups on a surface as small as according to the Köppen climate types: tropical, arid, temperate and polar. The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). A few islands in the northwest, such as Guam, are susceptible to typhoons in the wet season. The highest recorded temperature in Oceania occurred in Oodnadatta, South Australia (2 January 1960), where the temperature reached . The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oceania was , at Ranfurly in Otago in 1903, with\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16022993\",\n \"text\": \"Australia on the Map Australia on the Map is the history and heritage division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society. It seeks to enhance Australians’ knowledge, understanding and appreciation of the nation’s early history, beginning in 1606 with the voyages of Willem Janszoon in the \\\"Duyfken\\\" and Luis Váez de Torres in \\\"Los Tres Reyes\\\" and \\\"San Pedro\\\", and continuing to the present. Australia on the Map Division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society is the successor organisation to Australia on the Map: 1606–2006. Australia on the Map: 1606–2006 was formed by Peter Reynders and Rupert Gerritsen in 2002 as the vehicle\",\n \"title\": \"Australia on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10314559\",\n \"text\": \"Gold Coast, Queensland set up a Rec Footy competition. The program expanded in 2008 to include an Auskick junior development program. The AFL Vanuatu was formally created in 2010, and nominated five Vanuatu local youths to compete at the Under 16s Oceania Cup, to be held in Tonga in December 2010. Australian rules football in Oceania Australian rules football in Oceania is the sport of Australian rules football as it is watched and played in the Oceanian continent. Today the sport is most popular in Nauru where it is the national sport, and Australia, where the AFL is the most\",\n \"title\": \"Australian rules football in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7734704\",\n \"text\": \"The DB'z, Droop-E and B-Slimm on his 2010 \\\"\\\" album. SPIRITWO and singer Yael Claire covered \\\"Oceania\\\" with a Middle Eastern theme for the 2012 London Olympic games. Aspirant singer Srbuhi Hovhannisyan also covered the song on \\\"The Voice of Armenia\\\" in 2014. \\\"Oceania\\\" covers also appear on the albums by Beliss, Harmen Fraanje Quintet, Murphy's Law and Serena Fortebraccio. Credits adapted from \\\"Medúlla\\\" liner notes. Oceania (song) \\\"Oceania\\\" is a song recorded by Icelandic singer Björk for her sixth studio album \\\"Medúlla\\\". It was written and produced by Björk, with additional writing by Sjón and production by Mark Bell.\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8341584\",\n \"text\": \"yards and the sail from the mizzen-mast were removed. Sails are raised and driven hydraulically. The ship is equipped with laboratories able to provide hydrographic, optic, acoustic, chemical, biological and particulate experiments and observations. RV Oceania RV \\\"Oceania, or SY \\\"Oceania, is a tall ship, owned by the Polish Academy of Sciences, and used as a research vessel. She was built in 1985 in the Gdańsk Shipyard in Poland, after the design of Zygmunt Choreń. The hull was based on plans of earlier tall ships: ORP \\\"Iskra II\\\" and \\\"Pogoria\\\", but its rigging was different. \\\"Oceania\\\" was originally a full\",\n \"title\": \"RV Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8929969\",\n \"text\": \"designed by the Norway-based Y&S Architecture and Interior Design. Africa, Arabia, Black Sea, Caribbean, Central America, China, Greek Isles, Iceland, India, Mediterranean, Alaska, Mexico, Russia, Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia In December 2016, it was announced that Oceania Cruises has reached an agreement with the Cuban government. In March 2018, Oceania Cruises announced a 180-day World Cruise in 2020 with calls at 95 ports in 38 countries on 4 continents. Oceania Cruises Oceania Cruises is a Miami, Florida, United States-based shipping company that operates six premium cruise ships on worldwide itineraries. The sixth ship, formerly \\\"Ocean Princess\\\" and renamed \\\"Sirena\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Cruises\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8533602\",\n \"text\": \"in 1978. Australia was even more dominant in the women's tournament, first held in 1974; the Opals won all but one of its editions, with New Zealand winning only the 1993 edition. Both Oceania Championships held their last editions in 2015. Since then, FIBA Oceania and FIBA Asia national teams compete for a single championship for each sex—the men's FIBA Asia Cup and the FIBA Women's Asia Cup. FIBA Oceania FIBA Oceania is a zone within FIBA (International Basketball Federation). It is one of FIBA's five continental confederations. FIBA Oceania is responsible for the organization and governance of the major\",\n \"title\": \"FIBA Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9740363\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Cycling Confederation The national federations of the UCI form confederations by continent. In Oceania, this body is the Oceania Cycling Confederation, also shortened to OCC. Michael Turtur from South Australia was President of the Union Cycliste Internationale's Oceania Cycling Confederation from 2008 to 2012, taking over from Ray Godkin from Sydney, Australia, who retired from the position in late 2008 following 22 years as the President. As a result, Michael Turtur has a seat on the U.C.I. board (representing Oceania) on the Management Committee of the International Cycling Union. On 2 December 2012, former Olympic athlete Tracey Gaudry was\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Cycling Confederation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16022999\",\n \"text\": \"the Map Division has help to facilitate one documentary, and is assisting a number of other documentaries in development. Commemorative Infrastructure being promoted by the Australia on the Map Division includes the concepts an Explorers Commemorative Area in the Parliamentary Triangle in Canberra and a National Events Corporation. Research Projects undertaken by the Australia on the Map Division include the online translation of the VOC Charter and the current Search for the Deadwater Wreck. Australia on the Map endeavours to foster commemorations of significant landmarks in early Australian history. In 2011 it promoted the 200th anniversary of the publication of\",\n \"title\": \"Australia on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8336112\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Athletics Association The Oceania Athletics Association (OAA) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Oceania. The OAA head office is located in Varsity Lakes, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The OAA was founded as Oceania Amateur Athletic Organization (OAAA) on August 21, 1969, during a \\\"Congress of the delegates of Member Countries of the Australasian Area\\\" held in Port Moresby, then Territory of Papua and New Guinea, at the time of the 3rd South Pacific Games. The name was changed to Oceania Athletics Organization in February 2007. The current president of the association, Geoff Gardner (Norfolk Island)\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Athletics Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19408171\",\n \"text\": \"2019 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualification Qualifying for the 2019 Rugby World Cup for Oceania Rugby began in June 2016, where across 2 years, 3 teams competed for two direct qualification spots from Oceania. While two places were available to Oceania in a cross-regional play-off series' to qualify for the World Cup and or advance through the Repechage. Two teams from the Oceania region, New Zealand and Australia, qualified automatically for the 2019 World Cup by finishing in the top 12 in the 2015 World Cup. Fiji and Tonga qualified by finishing first and second (on aggregate) in the\",\n \"title\": \"2019 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualification\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299342\",\n \"text\": \"Islands, all on the margins of Asia, and the Aleutian Islands of North America. In its periphery, Oceania sprawls 28 degrees north to the Bonin Islands in the northern hemisphere, and 55 degrees south to Macquarie Island in the southern hemisphere. Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. Oceania is one of eight terrestrial ecozones, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. Related to these concepts are Near Oceania,\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16193419\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Chess Championship Leading chess players from the FIDE Oceania Zone 3.6 are allowed to play in the Oceania Chess Championships. The tournament is conducted by the FIDE Oceania Zone President and Oceania Chess Confederation under the auspices of the world chess federation, FIDE. Before January 2012, the Oceania Chess Championship was scheduled as part of the FIDE World Chess Championship cycle, and winners qualified to represent the FIDE Oceania Zone at the Chess World Cup. Since 2012 the Oceania Chess Championship has been held every year, with only each alternate (odd numbered) year acting as the Oceania Zone Championship\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Chess Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12408749\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Rugby Cup The Oceania Cup is an international rugby union competition for countries and territories from Oceania with national teams in the developmental band. It is administered by Oceania Rugby (formerly known as FORU). The tournament has been played under various formats depending on the number and strength of the teams entered. The first competition was held in 1996-97 as part of the qualification process for the 1999 Rugby World Cup. The competition was officially re-launched as the FORU Oceania Cup for the 2007 season. From 2009 onward, it has been held bi-annually and it has been played under\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Rugby Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8518717\",\n \"text\": \"was no Oceania Basketball Tournament in 2005 because the Mini Games included basketball that year in Palau. FIBA Oceania Championship FIBA Oceania Championship is the name commonly used to refer to the Oceania basketball championships that take every two years between national teams of the continent. Through the 2015 edition, the Oceania Championships are also a qualifying tournament for the Basketball World Cups and Olympic Games. When only Australia and New Zealand compete, the tournament is usually a best-of-three playoff; if other teams compete, a round-robin and a knockout stage is employed. In 2009, the Oceania Basketball Federation changed this\",\n \"title\": \"FIBA Oceania Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10314547\",\n \"text\": \"Australian rules football in Oceania Australian rules football in Oceania is the sport of Australian rules football as it is watched and played in the Oceanian continent. Today the sport is most popular in Nauru where it is the national sport, and Australia, where the AFL is the most attended football code. There are currently organised open age leagues in seven nations (including Australia) around the Pacific, while in at least four other nations there have been participation in the sport. The sport is broadcast on television in most of these countries, particularly the AFL Grand Final, however outside of\",\n \"title\": \"Australian rules football in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5894943\",\n \"text\": \"third place playoff was cancelled due to injuries following in particular the Central United vs Tafea match. South Melbourne are the 1999 Oceania Club Champions and qualify for the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship. 1999 Oceania Club Championship The 1999 Oceania Club Championships was held in September 1999. The tournament was designed to decide the Oceania Football Confederation's entrant into the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship. The competition was held in Fiji (Nadi and Lautoka). A total of 9 teams from 9 OFC member associations entered the competition. The nine participants were placed in three groups, where each team played\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Oceania Club Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8659216\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Continent Handball Federation The Oceania Continent Handball Federation (OCHF) is the governing body for the Olympic sport of Handball in Oceania. It is affiliated to the International Handball Federation (IHF). The OCHF is administered by an executive committee elected annually by its members. The OCHF members are the local governing Handball federations in countries within the Oceania region that are also members of the IHF. The first Oceania Handball Federation (OHF) was founded on 9 July 1993, by Mr. Alexander Dimitric in Sydney, Australia. In 1994, the first ever Oceania Senior Men's and Women's Championships were held in the\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Continent Handball Federation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8929963\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Cruises Oceania Cruises is a Miami, Florida, United States-based shipping company that operates six premium cruise ships on worldwide itineraries. The sixth ship, formerly \\\"Ocean Princess\\\" and renamed \\\"Sirena\\\", joined the fleet in 2016. Since September 2014, Oceania Cruises has been owned by Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, LTD. which also owns Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL) and Regent Seven Seas Cruises. While it also offers cruises as short as ten days, the norm is 10- to 14-days and the line is also known for its long cruises lasting up to 195 days. The line's President and CEO is Bob Binder;\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Cruises\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8929967\",\n \"text\": \"and Fincantieri are close to making a deal on two additional ships for the \\\"Oceania\\\" Class. The order for these additional ships never came to pass. On September 2, 2014, Norwegian Cruise Line purchased Prestige Cruise Holdings, the parent company of \\\"Oceania Cruises\\\" and Regent Seven Seas Cruises, for $3.025 billion. On November 25, 2014, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd announced a definitive agreement with Princess Cruises to purchase the \\\"Ocean Princess\\\" for Oceania Cruises, upon delivery in March 2016, the ship underwent a 35-day, $40 million refurbishment in Marseille, France to become the \\\"Sirena\\\". In August 2018, Oceania Cruises\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Cruises\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3982708\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania cuts right across the old category of Melanesia. The old categories have been in use since they were proposed by French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville in the mid- 19th century. Though the push of academia has been to replace the categories with Green's terms since the early 1990s, the old categories have remained in popular culture and general usage. Near Oceania Near Oceania or Near Melanesia is the part of Oceania settled 35,000 years ago, comprising western Island Melanesia: the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands archipelago. Compare Remote Oceania. The great nineteenth-century naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace explored Nusantara,\",\n \"title\": \"Near Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6900891\",\n \"text\": \"symplectic structure on formula_69 such that inclusion map formula_70 is a momentum map. 2. Let formula_45 act on a symplectic manifold formula_72 with formula_73 a momentum map for the action, and formula_74 be a Lie group homomorphism, inducing an action of formula_75 on formula_43. Then the action of formula_75 on formula_43 is also Hamiltonian, with momentum map given by formula_79, where formula_80 is the dual map to formula_81 (formula_82 denotes the identity element of formula_75). A case of special interest is when formula_75 is a Lie subgroup of formula_45 and formula_86 is the inclusion map. 3. Let formula_87 be a\",\n \"title\": \"Moment map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14487832\",\n \"text\": \"Patty Mills. New Zealand has also helped to create some NBA players as well, such as Kirk Penney, Steven Adams, and Sean Marks. Australian rules football is the national sport in Nauru and is the most popular football code in Australia in terms of attendance. It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League. Sport in Oceania The most popular sport in Oceania varies from country to country. The most popular sport in Australia is cricket, the most popular sport among Australian women is netball, while Australian rules football\",\n \"title\": \"Sport in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19881723\",\n \"text\": \"2017 UCI Oceania Tour The 2017 UCI Oceania Tour is the 13th season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 22 January 2017 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and finished on 4 March 2017 with the Continental Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Sean Lake from Australia is the defending 2016 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day\",\n \"title\": \"2017 UCI Oceania Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18764218\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"\\\"either have their normal place of residence (defined as being a place where an athlete is resident and/or educated) in an \\\"athletically remote area\\\" of Australia (defined as a being a place more than 300 km from any centre at which track and field competition is held on a regular basis i.e. basically weekly or fortnightly during the track season) or \\\"Northern Australia\\\" (defined as comprising the Northern Territory and any parts of Western Australia and North Queensland, north of 26th parallel south latitude)\\\"\\\". 2015 Oceania Athletics Championships The 2015 Oceania Athletics Championships were held at Barlow Park in Cairns,\",\n \"title\": \"2015 Oceania Athletics Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16023003\",\n \"text\": \"the Friends Lounge, National Library of Australia 3 October 2002.\\\" Canberra: National Initiative Working Group, 2002 Reynders, P. (trans.) and Gerritsen, R. (ed.) \\\"A Translation of the Charter of the Dutch East Indies Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC): Granted by the State General of the United Netherlands, 20 March 1602.\\\" Canberra: Australia on the Map Division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society, 2009. Australia on the Map Australia on the Map is the history and heritage division of the Australasian Hydrographic Society. It seeks to enhance Australians’ knowledge, understanding and appreciation of the nation’s early history, beginning in 1606 with\",\n \"title\": \"Australia on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17677693\",\n \"text\": \"UK transport network. The extensive geographic index from paper publications is available digitally and includes street names, hospitals, government buildings, points of interest etc. Geographers' A-Z Map Company produces a number of smartphone apps that are available on most devices. Apps include: Cabbies Mate, A-Z London Tourist Map, London Super Scale Street map, Greater London map, Glasgow Premier Map Geographers' A-Z Map Company Geographers' A-Z Map Company Ltd. is the largest independent map publisher in the United Kingdom providing cartographic services, digital data products and paper mapping publications (including Street Atlases, Visitors Guides, Great Britain Road Atlases and The Adventure\",\n \"title\": \"Geographers' A-Z Map Company\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20547460\",\n \"text\": \"The seeding, which is based on BWF world rankings, for both the men's and women's competition is the same: ---- ---- 2018 Oceania Badminton Championships The XIII 2018 Oceania Badminton Championships is the continental badminton championships in Oceania sanctioned by the Badminton Oceania, and Badminton World Federation. This championship is organized by Badminton New Zealand, and will be the 13th edition of the Oceania Badminton Championships. It is being held in Hamilton, New Zealand from 6 to 11 February 2018. The team event will start in 6 February, and will be the qualification stage for the 2018 Thomas & Uber\",\n \"title\": \"2018 Oceania Badminton Championships\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8518714\",\n \"text\": \"FIBA Oceania Championship FIBA Oceania Championship is the name commonly used to refer to the Oceania basketball championships that take every two years between national teams of the continent. Through the 2015 edition, the Oceania Championships are also a qualifying tournament for the Basketball World Cups and Olympic Games. When only Australia and New Zealand compete, the tournament is usually a best-of-three playoff; if other teams compete, a round-robin and a knockout stage is employed. In 2009, the Oceania Basketball Federation changed this format to a two-game, home-and-away playoff between the two countries, with aggregate score as the tiebreaker should\",\n \"title\": \"FIBA Oceania Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15205454\",\n \"text\": \"since 2009 part of the IWRF Americas Championship. <nowiki>*</nowiki> = Oceania Championship <nowiki>*</nowiki> = Oceania Championship IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship The IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship or IWRF Asia-Oceania Zone Championship is the name commonly used to refer to the Asian-Oceanian wheelchair rugby championships that take place every two years between national teams of the continents. The Asia-Oceania Championship is also a qualifying tournament for the IWRF World Championships and the Paralympic Games. Before 2009 the tournament was known as the Oceania Championship. The first Oceania Championship was held in 2001. Due to the lack of another teams in Africa, the South Africa\",\n \"title\": \"IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16193422\",\n \"text\": \"end of the tournament, with a score of 2/2. In 2015, untitled player Brodie McClymont beat IM Max Illingworth in the last round to catch him for 1st= with scores of 7.5/9, which means an automatic IM title. Illingworth beat McClymont 1.5–0.5 in the rapid chess playoff match for Zonal Champion. Oceania Chess Championship Leading chess players from the FIDE Oceania Zone 3.6 are allowed to play in the Oceania Chess Championships. The tournament is conducted by the FIDE Oceania Zone President and Oceania Chess Confederation under the auspices of the world chess federation, FIDE. Before January 2012, the Oceania\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Chess Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7489192\",\n \"text\": \"Map coloring Map coloring is the act of assigning different colors to different features on a map. There are two very different uses of this term. The first is in cartography, choosing the colors to be used when producing a map. The second is in mathematics, where the problem is to determine the minimum number of colors needed to color a map so that no two adjacent features have the same color. Color is a very useful attribute to depict different features on a map. Typical uses of color include displaying different political divisions, different elevations, or different kinds of\",\n \"title\": \"Map coloring\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16022995\",\n \"text\": \"Map: 1606–2006 came to the realisation that there were significant limitations to Australian’s knowledge of their early history. It was recognised that there needed to be ongoing education and awareness raising of the Australian community to overcome this limitation. At the same time the Australasian Hydrographic Society saw a need for greater awareness of hydrographic history and heritage among its members and stakeholders. Consequently, they invited those involved in Australia on the Map: 1606–2006 to form a new history and heritage ‘region’, to be known as Australia on the Map Division. In April 2007 Australia on the Map: 1606–2006 was\",\n \"title\": \"Australia on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299321\",\n \"text\": \"Campbell Islands, belonging to New Zealand. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and human development index, to the much less developed economies that belong to countries such as of Kiribati and Tuvalu, while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Palau, Fiji and Tonga. The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, with Sydney being the largest city of both Oceania and Australia. The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299369\",\n \"text\": \"settled by two major waves of migration. The first migration took place approximately 40 thousand years ago, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised much of Near Oceania. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of Austronesian speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising Remote Oceania.<ref name=\\\"doi10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.014\\\"></ref> Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the Austronesian expansion and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. With regards to Papuan influence, autochthonous haplogroups support the hypothesis of a long history in Near Oceania, with some lineages suggesting a\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7734681\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania (song) \\\"Oceania\\\" is a song recorded by Icelandic singer Björk for her sixth studio album \\\"Medúlla\\\". It was written and produced by Björk, with additional writing by Sjón and production by Mark Bell. The song was written by the singer specially for the 2004 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony, after a request by the International Olympic Committee. \\\"Oceania\\\" was released as a promotional single on 13 August 2004, by One Little Indian Records. The song was written at the ocean's point of view, from which the singer believes all life emerged, and details the human's evolution, whilst accompanied by a\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18484267\",\n \"text\": \"at Tokyo Institute of Technology and Monash University. to promote graduate engineering student mobility within Asia and Oceania universities similar to the ERASMUS+ program offered by EU universities that is funded by the European commission. AOTULE was subsequently founded in 2007 at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, by holding its inaugural meeting where participating Engineering Deans signed a memorandum of understanding. Each Fall since 2007, an AOTULE member has organized and hosted the annual AOTULE student conference, administration staff and Dean's meeting as noted below. The annual Deans', administrative staff meeting and student conference is held annually in October or\",\n \"title\": \"Asia-Oceania Top University League on Engineering\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19304678\",\n \"text\": \"2016 UCI Oceania Tour The 2016 UCI Oceania Tour was the twelfth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 20 January 2016 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and finished on 5 March 2016 with the Continental Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Taylor Gunman from New Zealand is the defending 2015 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and\",\n \"title\": \"2016 UCI Oceania Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18564942\",\n \"text\": \"2015 UCI Oceania Tour The 2015 UCI Oceania Tour was the eleventh season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 28 January 2015 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and finished on 28 February 2015 with The REV Classic. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Robert Power from Australia is the defending 2014 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day\",\n \"title\": \"2015 UCI Oceania Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15934271\",\n \"text\": \"of antagonists from the novel, including the nine Black Riders, Gollum, Shelob, and various Orcs. A Map of Middle-earth A Map of Middle-earth is the name of two colour posters by different artists, published in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the American and British publishers of J. R. R. Tolkien's book \\\"The Lord of the Rings\\\". Both posters were based on cartography by J. R. R. Tolkien and Christopher Tolkien to depict the fictional region of Middle-earth. None of these maps cover the whole continent of Middle-earth; instead they only portray the north-western part of the continent, where\",\n \"title\": \"A Map of Middle-earth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15934269\",\n \"text\": \"A Map of Middle-earth A Map of Middle-earth is the name of two colour posters by different artists, published in the late 1960s and early 1970s by the American and British publishers of J. R. R. Tolkien's book \\\"The Lord of the Rings\\\". Both posters were based on cartography by J. R. R. Tolkien and Christopher Tolkien to depict the fictional region of Middle-earth. None of these maps cover the whole continent of Middle-earth; instead they only portray the north-western part of the continent, where the story of \\\"The Lord of the Rings\\\" takes place. The earlier poster, signed \\\"BRem\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"A Map of Middle-earth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16193420\",\n \"text\": \"and Chess World Cup qualifier. In these years, the title of International Master (IM) is awarded to the winner(s) of the Oceania Zone Championship event, as per the FIDE title regulations. The first Oceania Chess Championship was organised by the inaugural Oceania Zone President, Graeme Gardiner, on the Gold Coast, Australia in 1999. Vladimir Feldman of Australia won the event, undefeated, with a score of 7/9. In May 2000, an additional Oceania Zonal Chess Championship was held to coincide with changes in the schedule of the FIDE World Chess Championship cycle. Only an open event was held that year, without\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Chess Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13448644\",\n \"text\": \"via Santo-Pekoa International Airport and Bauerfield International Airport are now being screened using body heat detection before being allowed to exit the airport's gates. 1st case confirm in Vanuatu. 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania The 2009 flu pandemic in Oceania, part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu, has (as of 27 June 2009) afflicted at over 22,000 people in Oceania, with 56 confirmed deaths. Almost all of the cases in Oceania have been in Australia, where the majority of cases have resulted from\",\n \"title\": \"2009 flu pandemic in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16023001\",\n \"text\": \"First Map of Australia, held at the National Library of Australia on 19 June 2011. This event involved close collaboration between the Australia on the Map Division, the National Library of Australia and the French Embassy and was addressed by the most eminent French scholars in Australia. Australia on the Map has already been engaged in preparations for commemorations in coming years. Plans were made to mark the 300th anniversary in 2012 of the sinking of the \\\"Zuytdorp\\\" on the coast of Western Australia in 1712. Australia on the Map has also been promoting the concept of “Naming Australia/Nommer l’Australie”\",\n \"title\": \"Australia on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8929964\",\n \"text\": \"he is vice-chairman and also a co-founder of the brand. Oceania Cruises was founded in 2002 by luxury cruise industry veterans Frank Del Rio, Bob Binder, and Joe Watters. The founding management team also included industry veterans Robin Lindsay, James Rodriguez, Jeff Drew, and Howard Sherman. The company chartered the former Renaissance Cruises ship \\\"R Two\\\" from Cruiseinvest and renamed her \\\"Insignia\\\" in October 2002. In April 2003 the \\\"Insignia\\\" was chartered to the French travel agency TRM for three months, during which Oceania Cruises operated no vessels. On 15 June 2003 Oceania Cruises re-commenced service with two ships: the\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Cruises\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299400\",\n \"text\": \"editions of the Commonwealth Games (Sydney 1938, Perth 1962, Brisbane 1982, Melbourne 2006, Gold Coast 2018). Meanwhile, New Zealand has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times: Auckland 1950, Christchurch 1974 and Auckland 1990. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. It is held every four years and began in 1963. Australia and New Zealand competed in the games for the first time in 2015. Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a geographic region comprising Australasia, Melanesia,\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2030065\",\n \"text\": \"Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego? Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego? is an American animated television series based on the series of computer games. The show was produced by DIC Entertainment/Program Exchange and originally aired Saturday mornings on FOX during the Fox Kids block. Its episodes have subsequently been repeated on the Fox Family, PAX and the short-lived girlzChannel. Reruns of the series currently air on The Worship Network and Qubo. The series won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Animated Program in 1995 and in the same year was spun off into a Where in the World-styled\",\n \"title\": \"Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14796474\",\n \"text\": \"November 11-12, ANZ National Stadium, Suva, Fiji. November 10-11, Suva, Fiji. November 9-10 at ANZ National Stadium, Suva, Fiji. Pool A Pool B Plate semifinals Cup semifinals 7th place final 5th place final 3rd place final Final Oceania Women's Sevens Championship The Oceania Women's Sevens is the regional championship for women's international rugby sevens in Oceania. The tournament is held over two days, typically on a weekend. It is sanctioned and sponsored by Oceania Rugby, which is the rugby union governing body for the region. Rugby sevens — also known as 7-a-side, or 7s — is a short form of\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Women's Sevens Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3982704\",\n \"text\": \"Near Oceania Near Oceania or Near Melanesia is the part of Oceania settled 35,000 years ago, comprising western Island Melanesia: the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands archipelago. Compare Remote Oceania. The great nineteenth-century naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace explored Nusantara, drawing attention to fundamental biological differences between the Australia-New Guinea region and Southeast Asia. The boundary between the Asian and Australian faunal regions consists of a zone of smaller islands bearing the name of Wallacea, in honor of the co-discoverer of the theory of natural selection. Wallace speculated that the key to understanding these differences would lie in \\\"now-submerged lands,\",\n \"title\": \"Near Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17061421\",\n \"text\": \"2013 UCI Oceania Tour The 2013 UCI Oceania Tour was the ninth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 23 January 2013 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and ended on 17 March 2013 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Paul Odlin from New Zealand was the defending 2011–12 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Damien Howson from Australia was crowned as the 2013 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage\",\n \"title\": \"2013 UCI Oceania Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15263121\",\n \"text\": \"2011 UCI Oceania Tour The 2011 UCI Oceania Tour was the seventh season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 26 January 2011 with the Tour of Wellington and ended on 20 March 2011 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Michael Matthews of Australia was the defending champion of the 2009–10 UCI Oceania Tour. Richard Lang of Australia was crowned as the 2011 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage\",\n \"title\": \"2011 UCI Oceania Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20886688\",\n \"text\": \"augmented map interface is provided in a library PAM. Augmented map In computer science, the augmented map is an abstract data type (ADT) based on ordered maps, which associates each ordered map an augmented value. For an ordered map formula_1 with key type formula_2, comparison function formula_3 on formula_2 and value type formula_5, the augmented value is defined based on two functions: a \\\"base\\\" function formula_6 and a \\\"combine\\\" function formula_7, where formula_8 is the type of the augmented value. The base function formula_9converts a single entry in formula_1 to an augmented value, and the combine function formula_11 combines multiple\",\n \"title\": \"Augmented map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14796469\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Women's Sevens Championship The Oceania Women's Sevens is the regional championship for women's international rugby sevens in Oceania. The tournament is held over two days, typically on a weekend. It is sanctioned and sponsored by Oceania Rugby, which is the rugby union governing body for the region. Rugby sevens — also known as 7-a-side, or 7s — is a short form of the sport of rugby union that was first played in 1883. The first (men's) internationals took place in 1973. As women's rugby union developed in the 1960s and 1970s the format became very popular as it allowed\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Women's Sevens Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6900886\",\n \"text\": \"so that formula_13 for some function formula_14. Suppose also that the map formula_15 sending formula_16 is a Lie algebra homomorphism. Then a momentum map for the \\\"G\\\"-action on (\\\"M\\\", ω) is a map formula_17 such that for all ξ in formula_1. Here formula_20 is the function from \\\"M\\\" to R defined by formula_21. The momentum map is uniquely defined up to an additive constant of integration. A momentum map is often also required to be \\\"G\\\"-equivariant, where \\\"G\\\" acts on formula_2 via the coadjoint action. If the group is compact or semisimple, then the constant of integration can always be\",\n \"title\": \"Moment map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299323\",\n \"text\": \"arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. In more contemporary times there has been increasing discussion on national flags and a desire by some Oceanians to display their distinguishable and individualistic identity. The rock art of Australian Aborigines is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world. Puncak Jaya in Papua is often considered the highest peak in Oceania. Most Oceanian countries have a parliamentary representative democratic multi-party system, with tourism being a large source of income for the Pacific Islands nations. The geographer Conrad Malte-Brun\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15205453\",\n \"text\": \"IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship The IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship or IWRF Asia-Oceania Zone Championship is the name commonly used to refer to the Asian-Oceanian wheelchair rugby championships that take place every two years between national teams of the continents. The Asia-Oceania Championship is also a qualifying tournament for the IWRF World Championships and the Paralympic Games. Before 2009 the tournament was known as the Oceania Championship. The first Oceania Championship was held in 2001. Due to the lack of another teams in Africa, the South Africa is also competing in this championship. Canada was part of the tournament in 2007, but is\",\n \"title\": \"IWRF Asia-Oceania Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15478402\",\n \"text\": \"Netball in Oceania Netball in Oceania is generally regarded as a woman's sport. Women's sports in Oceania have traditionally had a very low profile. Despite this, netball is popular in Oceania, with its growth partly because of New Zealand encouraging the game and providing money for the training of coaches, umpires and other netball development needs. In New Zealand and in neighbouring Australia, netball is one of the most popular sports played by women. Netball is one of the sports at the Pacific Games, a multi-sport event, with participation from countries around the South Pacific, that is held every four\",\n \"title\": \"Netball in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19881724\",\n \"text\": \"events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded. The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows: 2017 UCI Oceania Tour The 2017 UCI Oceania Tour is the 13th season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 22 January 2017 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and finished on 4 March 2017 with the Continental Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling\",\n \"title\": \"2017 UCI Oceania Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5946493\",\n \"text\": \"2001 Oceania Club Championship The 2001 Oceania Club Championships was held in January 2001. The tournament was designed to decide the Oceania Football Confederation's entrant into the 2001 FIFA Club World Championship; however that Club World Championship tournament was cancelled by FIFA. The competition was held in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, with all matches held at the Lloyd Robson Stadium. The tournament was won by Australian club Wollongong Wolves. A total of 11 teams from 11 OFC member associations entered the competition. The eleven participants were placed in two groups, where each team played the other teams once. The\",\n \"title\": \"2001 Oceania Club Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5894942\",\n \"text\": \"1999 Oceania Club Championship The 1999 Oceania Club Championships was held in September 1999. The tournament was designed to decide the Oceania Football Confederation's entrant into the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship. The competition was held in Fiji (Nadi and Lautoka). A total of 9 teams from 9 OFC member associations entered the competition. The nine participants were placed in three groups, where each team played the other teams once. The group winners and best second place team progressed to the semi-finals. The top team from each groups progressed to the semifinals, along with the best second place team. The\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Oceania Club Championship\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16022998\",\n \"text\": \"on the Map Division website is an important educational tool for the organisation. It features what is known as the “Landings List”, which provides a brief entry on every episode of contact and other significant cartographic developments from 1606 to 1814. It also carries the only online translation of the original 1602 VOC Charter of the Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC - Dutch East India Company), developed as a result research project. The Australia on the Map Division had significant input into the process of the development of a National Education Curriculum. Through its Publicity and Promotion activities the Australia on\",\n \"title\": \"Australia on the Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9020133\",\n \"text\": \"L.A. Without a Map L.A. Without a Map is a 1998 romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mika Kaurismäki and written by Mika Kaurismäki and Richard Rayner, based on his novel. The film stars David Tennant, Vinessa Shaw, Julie Delpy, Vincent Gallo, Joe Dallesandro, and Johnny Depp. It is a French, British and Finnish production. It is also known under the titles \\\"Los Angeles Without a Map\\\" and \\\"I Love L.A.\\\" (France). While visiting a Northern English city, Barbara (Vinessa Shaw), an aspiring Hollywood actress, has a fling with the town undertaker Richard (David Tennant), who also writes obituaries for the\",\n \"title\": \"L.A. Without a Map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17835893\",\n \"text\": \"2014 UCI Oceania Tour The 2014 UCI Oceania Tour was the tenth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 29 January 2014 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and ended on 22 February 2014 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania Tour cycling jersey. Damien Howson from Australia was the defending 2013 UCI Oceania Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and\",\n \"title\": \"2014 UCI Oceania Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16321429\",\n \"text\": \"Borgia map Mainly a decoration piece, the Borgia map is a world map made sometime in the early 15th century, and engraved on a metal plate. Its \\\"workmanship and written explanations make it one of the most precious pieces of the history of cartography\\\". The year when the Borgia map was created is unknown. One source argues that the map must date from sometime before 1453. Another source suggests the map was made c.1450. In the late 18th century the artifact found its way into an antique shop, from where it became part of the collection of Cardinal Borgia. The\",\n \"title\": \"Borgia map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17765221\",\n \"text\": \"undertaken. Map regression is performed either by comparing individual features between maps, or by re-projecting an entire map so as to fit another onto which it can then be superimposed. The process can include resolving any differences in map scale, projection, datum, or format; and the interpretation of each map in its meaning and accuracy. Similarities between maps, such as topography or built structures, are identified to determine where distinct features from one map are plotted on another. One manual technique is to copy features from earlier maps onto transparent overlays placed on the most recent map which provides the\",\n \"title\": \"Map regression\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12055515\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Swimming Association The Oceania Swimming Association is the continental governing body recognised by FINA, for the national governing bodies of swimming, open water swimming, diving, water polo, synchronised swimming and masters swimming in Oceania. The body was established in January 1991 during the 1991 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia. At the OSA Congress held in June 2008, Dennis Miller of Fiji was elected President of the organization. The body will next meet during the 2009 World Championships in Rome, Italy. The OSA also tracks and maintains the Oceania Records. There are currently 14 member federations of the Oceania\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Swimming Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12055513\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania Swimming Association The Oceania Swimming Association is the continental governing body recognised by FINA, for the national governing bodies of swimming, open water swimming, diving, water polo, synchronised swimming and masters swimming in Oceania. The body was established in January 1991 during the 1991 World Aquatics Championships in Perth, Australia. At the OSA Congress held in June 2008, Dennis Miller of Fiji was elected President of the organization. The body will next meet during the 2009 World Championships in Rome, Italy. The OSA also tracks and maintains the Oceania Records. There are currently 14 member federations of the Oceania\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania Swimming Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5329042\",\n \"text\": \"Kaplan–Yorke map The Kaplan–Yorke map is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is an example of a dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior. The Kaplan–Yorke map takes a point (\\\"x, y \\\") in the plane and maps it to a new point given by where \\\"mod\\\" is the modulo operator with real arguments. The map depends on only the one constant α. Due to roundoff error, successive applications of the modulo operator will yield zero after some ten or twenty iterations when implemented as a floating point operation on a computer. It is better to implement the following equivalent algorithm: where\",\n \"title\": \"Kaplan–Yorke map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9553774\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania (journal) Oceania is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1930. It covers social and cultural anthropology of the peoples of Oceania, including Australia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia, and Southeast Asia. The journal publishes research papers as well as review articles, correspondence, and shorter comments. Occasionally, a special issue is devoted to a single topic, comprising thematically connected collections of papers prepared by a guest editor. The journal is published by Wiley-Blackwell and the editors-in-chief are Jadran Mimica (University of Sydney) and Nancy Williams (University of Queensland). Past editors include Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, Adolphus Peter Elkin and Raymond Firth.\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania (journal)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9553773\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania (journal) Oceania is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 1930. It covers social and cultural anthropology of the peoples of Oceania, including Australia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia, and Southeast Asia. The journal publishes research papers as well as review articles, correspondence, and shorter comments. Occasionally, a special issue is devoted to a single topic, comprising thematically connected collections of papers prepared by a guest editor. The journal is published by Wiley-Blackwell and the editors-in-chief are Jadran Mimica (University of Sydney) and Nancy Williams (University of Queensland). Past editors include Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, Adolphus Peter Elkin and Raymond Firth.\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania (journal)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"299387\",\n \"text\": \"length film, spurred a boom in Australian cinema during the silent film era. The Australian Museum in Sydney and the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne are the oldest and largest museums in Oceania. The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Oceania. Australia is also known for its cafe and coffee culture in urban centres. Australia and New Zealand were responsible for the flat white coffee. Most Indigenous Australian tribal groups subsisted on a simple hunter-gatherer diet of native fauna and flora, otherwise called bush tucker. The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1726207\",\n \"text\": \"Multilinear map In linear algebra, a multilinear map is a function of several variables that is linear separately in each variable. More precisely, a multilinear map is a function where formula_2 and formula_3 are vector spaces (or modules over a commutative ring), with the following property: for each formula_4, if all of the variables but formula_5 are held constant, then formula_6 is a linear function of formula_5. A multilinear map of one variable is a linear map, and of two variables is a bilinear map. More generally, a multilinear map of \\\"k\\\" variables is called a \\\"k\\\"-linear map. If the\",\n \"title\": \"Multilinear map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20886678\",\n \"text\": \"Augmented map In computer science, the augmented map is an abstract data type (ADT) based on ordered maps, which associates each ordered map an augmented value. For an ordered map formula_1 with key type formula_2, comparison function formula_3 on formula_2 and value type formula_5, the augmented value is defined based on two functions: a \\\"base\\\" function formula_6 and a \\\"combine\\\" function formula_7, where formula_8 is the type of the augmented value. The base function formula_9converts a single entry in formula_1 to an augmented value, and the combine function formula_11 combines multiple augmented values. The combine function formula_11 is required to\",\n \"title\": \"Augmented map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9787320\",\n \"text\": \"Muslim migrants came on a ship bringing indentured labourers to Fiji in 1879. Muslims consisted of 22% of the boarders on \\\"Leonidas\\\", which was the first such ship. Islam in Oceania Islam in Oceania refers to Islam and Muslims in Oceania. By current estimates, there are 620,156 total Muslims in Oceania: 476,600 in Australia, 48,151 in New Zealand, 52,520 in Fiji, 6,352 in New Caledonia, 2,200 in Papua New Guinea, 360 in Solomon Islands, 221 in Vanuatu, 110 in Tonga and tiny numbers in Kiribati and Samoa. According to a 2007 article in \\\"Pacific Magazine\\\", entitled 'Green Moon Rising', Islam\",\n \"title\": \"Islam in Oceania\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17835894\",\n \"text\": \"one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded. The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows: 2014 UCI Oceania Tour The 2014 UCI Oceania Tour was the tenth season of the UCI Oceania Tour. The season began on 29 January 2014 with the New Zealand Cycle Classic and ended on 22 February 2014 with the Oceania Cycling Championships. The points leader, based on the cumulative results of previous races, wears the UCI Oceania\",\n \"title\": \"2014 UCI Oceania Tour\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15553973\",\n \"text\": \"Oceania (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Oceania is the eighth studio album by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on June 19, 2012 through EMI, Reprise Records and Martha's Music. Produced by Billy Corgan and Bjorn Thorsrud, the album is part of the band's abandoned 44-song project album, \\\"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\\\". As of September 2012, \\\"Oceania\\\" has sold over 102,000 copies in the US. A live performance of the album, \\\"\\\", was released on September 24, 2013. On April 26, 2011, in a video on the band's Facebook fan page, frontman Billy Corgan announced plans to release \\\"Oceania\\\" as\",\n \"title\": \"Oceania (The Smashing Pumpkins album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12132346\",\n \"text\": \"Google Map Maker Google Map Maker is a discontinued mapping and map editing service launched by Google in June 2008. In geographies where it is hard to find providers of good map data, user contributions could be used to increase map quality. Changes to Google Map Maker were intended to appear on Google Maps only after sufficient review by Google moderators. Google Map Maker was used at Google Mapathon events held annually. In November 2016, it was announced that Google Map Maker would be retired and merged with Google Maps itself; it was officially shut down on March 31, 2017.\",\n \"title\": \"Google Map Maker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17721679\",\n \"text\": \"digital map of Atlantis, it turns out that Carmen Sandiego had been intercepting ACME communications and planned this entire mission. Carmen Sandiego steals the map and heads to South America. The gameplay consists of point and click elements. To progress the player must choose dialogue options during conversations, solve puzzles, make use of the digital handheld ACME computer and select a travel destination on the world map until a case is solved. When a case is solved the player gains a higher ACME rank. A review of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? 3 at PALGN was negative: \\\"It's\",\n \"title\": \"Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego? 3 - New Carmen Adventure\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4505417\",\n \"text\": \"Transpose of a linear map In linear algebra, the transpose of a linear map between two vector spaces, defined over the same field, is an induced map between the dual spaces of the two vector spaces. The transpose of a linear map is often used to study the original linear map. This concept is generalised by adjoint functors. Let V and W be vector spaces over the same field. If is a linear map, then the \\\"transpose\\\" (or \\\"dual\\\", or \\\"adjoint\\\"), is defined to be The resulting functional \\\"f\\\"(\\\"φ\\\") is called the \\\"pullback\\\" of \\\"φ\\\" along \\\"f\\\". The following identity,\",\n \"title\": \"Transpose of a linear map\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10612773\",\n \"text\": \"Jesus of Nazareth, the sea of Tiberiades, where a good part of the apostles worked as fishermen, and Monte Tabor, the place where the Transfiguration occurred. Africa is obviously from the Nile river with a lake as its source. The Maghreb is named \\\"Libia\\\" and Africa is surrounded by a sea coloured red. Beatus map The Beatus Map or Beatine Map is one of the most significant cartographic works of the European Early Middle Ages: It was originally drawn by the Spanish monk Beatus of Liébana, based on the accounts given by Saint Isidore of Seville, Ptolemy and the Holy\",\n \"title\": \"Beatus map\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["pacific ocean"],"string":"[\n \"pacific ocean\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":887,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what can you do in palm springs ca?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"16790028","text":"of production or performance.\" One of the first significant films shot in Palm Springs was Frank Capra's 1937 \"Lost Horizon\", with scenes filmed in Tahquitz Canyon. For a list of movies and television programs filmed in Palm Springs and the Coachella Valley area, see: List of films shot in Palm Springs, California. Palm Springs in popular culture The resort towns of Palm Springs, California and other communities in the Coachella Valley, as a filming location, topical setting, and storyline subject for films, television shows, literature, and music, are frequently featured in popular culture. Besides Palm Springs, other nearby communities include","title":"Palm Springs in popular culture"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16790028\",\n \"text\": \"of production or performance.\\\" One of the first significant films shot in Palm Springs was Frank Capra's 1937 \\\"Lost Horizon\\\", with scenes filmed in Tahquitz Canyon. For a list of movies and television programs filmed in Palm Springs and the Coachella Valley area, see: List of films shot in Palm Springs, California. Palm Springs in popular culture The resort towns of Palm Springs, California and other communities in the Coachella Valley, as a filming location, topical setting, and storyline subject for films, television shows, literature, and music, are frequently featured in popular culture. Besides Palm Springs, other nearby communities include\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs in popular culture\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12068608","text":"with Les Homme Sauvage and Fran Healy & Andy Dunlop from Travis. The band played at the opening night of the 26th Haldern Pop Festival in Germany in August 2009. Second LP \"The Hope That Kills You\" followed in January 2010. Palm Springs (band) Palm Springs is a Brighton-based independent British rock band. Established in 2004 with \"a firm DIY ethic – put off today what you can do tomorrow and persevere without instructions or guidance,\" the band writes, records and releases records through their own label Random Acts of Vinyl. The group comprises songwriting duo and instrumentalists Palm Springs","title":"Palm Springs (band)"},{"psg_id":"12068601","text":"Palm Springs (band) Palm Springs is a Brighton-based independent British rock band. Established in 2004 with \"a firm DIY ethic – put off today what you can do tomorrow and persevere without instructions or guidance,\" the band writes, records and releases records through their own label Random Acts of Vinyl. The group comprises songwriting duo and instrumentalists Palm Springs describe their music as \"acoustic, melancholic and slightly car boot electronic\" although reviewers have used adjectives ranging from \"lush,\" \"orchestral\" and \"majestic\" to \"folksy,\" \"gentle\" and \"understated.\" The addition of non-standard instruments such as melodica, glockenspiel, Casio VL-1, Stylophone and strings","title":"Palm Springs (band)"},{"psg_id":"11357789","text":"What I Can Do for You \"What I Can Do for You\" is a single by Sheryl Crow from the album \"Tuesday Night Music Club\" released on A&M Records. It was originally released in 1993 and the single includes a rare speedier version of LP track \"The Na-Na Song\" (i.e. \"Volvo Cowgirl 99\"). \"What I Can Do for You\" managed only number 97 when first released at the end of 1993, but was re-released after the success of \"All I Wanna Do\" and \"Strong Enough\". Two CD singles were released, with the second one being a limited edition including a","title":"What I Can Do for You"},{"psg_id":"14319269","text":"10 on 15 September. The song spent a total of 11 weeks inside the top 75 chart. In Australia, \"What Can You Do For Me\" did not enter the ARIA top 100 singles chart until April 1993, following its re-release after the success of \"Something Good\". A new version of the song remixed by Drumsound & Bassline Smith was released on 26 February 2012. What Can You Do for Me \"What Can You Do For Me\" is the debut single by English electronic group Utah Saints. The song was released on 12 August 1991 and reached a peak position of","title":"What Can You Do for Me"},{"psg_id":"11357790","text":"1996 mini-calendar. In the UK charts, it reached number 84 in its first release on February 19, 1994 and then number 43 on November 11, 1995. The song deals with sexual harassment with which Sheryl says she experienced her share of during her road to fame. What I Can Do for You \"What I Can Do for You\" is a single by Sheryl Crow from the album \"Tuesday Night Music Club\" released on A&M Records. It was originally released in 1993 and the single includes a rare speedier version of LP track \"The Na-Na Song\" (i.e. \"Volvo Cowgirl 99\"). \"What","title":"What I Can Do for You"},{"psg_id":"14319268","text":"What Can You Do for Me \"What Can You Do For Me\" is the debut single by English electronic group Utah Saints. The song was released on 12 August 1991 and reached a peak position of number 10 in the UK Singles Chart. The song uses samples from \"There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)\" by Eurythmics and \"Ain't Nothin' Goin' on But the Rent\" by Gwen Guthrie. The single was released in August 1991 and entered the UK Singles Chart on 18 August at number 26. The song steadily rose up the chart and peaked at number","title":"What Can You Do for Me"},{"psg_id":"17305196","text":"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do? \"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\" is a song recorded by Steve Winwood for his album, \"Roll with It\", released on Virgin Records in 1988. Released as a single, it peaked at number six on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and spent two weeks at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Prior to the 1988 release of the \"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\" single, the song was used in a national TV commercial for Michelob. Though some critics at the time condemned","title":"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?"},{"psg_id":"14121335","text":"and believe that nothing is impossible with God. That's what faith can do. The take-away message is to know that God cares for you personally and that He wants a personal relationship with each and every one of us. For believers, the song is a reminder about making a faithful commitment to live with the kind of faith that God calls each of us to have.\" The music video for the single \"What Faith Can Do\" was released on February 12, 2010. What Faith Can Do \"What Faith Can Do\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from","title":"What Faith Can Do"},{"psg_id":"17305199","text":"11 weeks inside the Top 40. It reached number six on the Hot 100 Airplay chart and number eight on the Singles Sales chart. It also reached number two on the Adult Contemporary chart and spent two weeks atop the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song peaked at number 46 in New Zealand and number 89 in the United Kingdom. Don't You Know What the Night Can Do? \"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\" is a song recorded by Steve Winwood for his album, \"Roll with It\", released on Virgin Records in 1988. Released as a single,","title":"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?"},{"psg_id":"5631451","text":"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better) \"Anything You Can Do\" is a song composed by Irving Berlin for the 1946 Broadway musical \"Annie Get Your Gun\". The song is a duet, with one male singer and one female singer attempting to outdo each other in increasingly complex tasks. In the musical, the song sets the scene for the climactic sharpshooting contest between Annie Oakley and Frank Butler. Its most memorable lines are, \"Anything you can do I can do better; I can do anything better than you.\" The song was first performed in \"Annie Get Your Gun\" by","title":"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)"},{"psg_id":"10038255","text":"Ain't What You Do \"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ain't What You Do\" is based on Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \"It Ain't What You Do (It's the","title":"Ain't What You Do"},{"psg_id":"10038256","text":"Way That You Do It)\". UK CD 1 UK CD 2 Ain't What You Do \"Ain't What You Do\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \"Nu-Flow\". \"Ain't What You Do\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \"Ain't What You Do\" is based on Fun Boy","title":"Ain't What You Do"},{"psg_id":"12632951","text":"one day and asked me what I thought of Palm Springs. I was just newly arrived from New York, and I told him that I'd never been there. He said, 'I want you to go there over Easter Weekend and poke around and see if you come back with a movie.'... I suppose since he'd just done \"Spencer's Mountain\", he trusted that I could write about young people. When Norman Taurog signed to direct, he felt the script needed some work, so the studio hired David Schwartz, who had just adapted \"Sex and the Single Girl\". They did not like","title":"Palm Springs Weekend"},{"psg_id":"13728970","text":"What Else Can I Do \"What Else Can I Do\" is the title of a country music song written by Tony Arata and Scott Miller. It was recorded by Patricia Conroy on her 1994 album \"You Can't Resist\". In Canada, the song was released in 1995 by Warner Music Canada as the album's second single. In the United States, the song was released in 1996 by Intersound Records also as the album second single, but failed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song became a Number One on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks in","title":"What Else Can I Do"},{"psg_id":"13728971","text":"1995. The song debuted at number 64 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks on the chart dated February 6, 1995 and spent 11 weeks on the chart before peaking at number 1 on April 17. What Else Can I Do \"What Else Can I Do\" is the title of a country music song written by Tony Arata and Scott Miller. It was recorded by Patricia Conroy on her 1994 album \"You Can't Resist\". In Canada, the song was released in 1995 by Warner Music Canada as the album's second single. In the United States, the song was released in 1996","title":"What Else Can I Do"},{"psg_id":"19359937","text":"when they're gone. Though on the cover for the CD the title track is stylized as \"You can do that,\" it is written as \"YOU CAN DO THAT\" on the album \"Braided,\" as well as websites that feature the song. The music video for the song, however, titles it as \"You can do that.\" Side A Side B You Can Do That You can do that (sometime stylized as \"YOU CAN DO THAT\") is Soulhead's eighth single. It was released on January 21, 2004 and contained two new songs. It charted at #36 on Oricon and was their last single","title":"You Can Do That"},{"psg_id":"8651495","text":"Palm Springs Stadium Palm Springs Stadium is a stadium in Palm Springs, California. It is primarily used for baseball. It used to be named Angels Stadium and was the home field of the Palm Springs Suns of the Western Baseball League in 1995 and 1996. Palm Springs Stadium is the home of the Palm Springs Power, of the collegiate summer Southern California Collegiate Baseball Association. In 2018 the stadium is now the official home of the Palm Springs Collegiate League. The stadium has a seating capacity of 5,185. Formerly a polo ground, the present-day stands opened in 1949 and were","title":"Palm Springs Stadium"},{"psg_id":"18937838","text":"\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\" \"USA Today\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \"catchy dance track for the club\". Similarly, a writer for \"The Daily Beast\" said, \"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \"banger\", explaining, \"the track is classic JB: seductive,","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"9959858","text":"The San Jacinto Wilderness is accessible from the top of the tram and there is a restaurant with notable views. The Palm Springs Convention Center underwent a multimillion-dollar expansion and renovation under Mayor Will Kleindienst. The City Council Sub-Committee of Mayor Kleindienst and City Council Member Chris Mills selected Fentress Bradburn Architects from Denver, Colorado for the redesign. Numerous hotels, restaurants and attractions cater to tourists, while shoppers can find a variety of high-end boutiques in downtown and uptown Palm Springs. The city is home to 20 clothing-optional resorts including many catering to gay men. The Palm Springs Black History","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"13390309","text":"last albums featuring lead vocalist Chaka Khan before fully going solo. Do You Love What You Feel \"Do You Love What You Feel\" is a well-known soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka. Released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, \"Masterjam\", it spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart. It also peaked at number thirty on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, \"Any Love\", \"Do You Love What You Feel\" peaked at number","title":"Do You Love What You Feel"},{"psg_id":"13390308","text":"Do You Love What You Feel \"Do You Love What You Feel\" is a well-known soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka. Released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, \"Masterjam\", it spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart. It also peaked at number thirty on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, \"Any Love\", \"Do You Love What You Feel\" peaked at number five on the disco/dance charts. It would be one of the","title":"Do You Love What You Feel"},{"psg_id":"20608312","text":"Radio\" and \"Because I Love You\" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial \"Because I Love You\" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of \"Because I Love You\" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"18937858","text":"Do You Mean?\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"17488200","text":"Palm Springs General Hospital Larkin Community Hospital Palm Springs Campus is a 247-bed acute care hospital located on a 15-acre campus in Hialeah, Florida. Services include orthopedic surgery (hips, knees, shoulders), cardiac implants, pacemakers, interventional radiological procedures such as endovascular aneurysm repair of abdominal aortic aneuryisms (AAA). In 1965, the hospital opened in what was then the rural outskirts of Hialeah in northwest Miami-Dade County, Florida. Due to the rapid influx of Hispanic-Americans, the hospital became largely bilingual in both Spanish and English as well as Haitian Creole. Palm Springs General Hospital has undergone several renovations and expansion. In 1995,","title":"Palm Springs General Hospital"},{"psg_id":"8651503","text":"amateur/semi-pro baseball leagues: the American Legion. In the past, automobile exhibits or car shows, monster truck rallies and music concerts were also held in the stadium's field. Palm Springs Stadium Palm Springs Stadium is a stadium in Palm Springs, California. It is primarily used for baseball. It used to be named Angels Stadium and was the home field of the Palm Springs Suns of the Western Baseball League in 1995 and 1996. Palm Springs Stadium is the home of the Palm Springs Power, of the collegiate summer Southern California Collegiate Baseball Association. In 2018 the stadium is now the official","title":"Palm Springs Stadium"},{"psg_id":"13148265","text":"is actually worth. Pay what you can Pay what you can (PWYC) is a non-profit or for-profit business model which does not depend on set prices for its goods, but instead asks customers to pay what they feel the product or service is worth to them. It is often used as a promotional tactic, but can also be the regular method of doing business. It is a variation on the gift economy and cross-subsidization, in that it depends on reciprocity and trust to succeed. \"Pay what you want\" is sometimes used synonymously, but \"pay what you can\" is often more","title":"Pay what you can"},{"psg_id":"13148263","text":"Pay what you can Pay what you can (PWYC) is a non-profit or for-profit business model which does not depend on set prices for its goods, but instead asks customers to pay what they feel the product or service is worth to them. It is often used as a promotional tactic, but can also be the regular method of doing business. It is a variation on the gift economy and cross-subsidization, in that it depends on reciprocity and trust to succeed. \"Pay what you want\" is sometimes used synonymously, but \"pay what you can\" is often more oriented to charity","title":"Pay what you can"},{"psg_id":"9959861","text":"Palm Springs POWER, a semi-pro collegiate league baseball team composed of college all-stars of the Southern California Collegiate Baseball Association. It has a winter league baseball team, the POWER winter team and Palm Springs Chill of the California Winter League (2010) consists of 12 other teams as of 2016. The League plays its games in Palm Springs Stadium and also on the baseball field in nearby Palm Springs High School. Both sites feature 6 teams of the Palm Springs Collegiate League in the summer. The Palm Springs stadium was once the spring training site of the Major League Baseball California","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"16790027","text":"Palm Springs in popular culture The resort towns of Palm Springs, California and other communities in the Coachella Valley, as a filming location, topical setting, and storyline subject for films, television shows, literature, and music, are frequently featured in popular culture. Besides Palm Springs, other nearby communities include Bermuda Dunes, Cathedral City, Coachella, Desert Hot Springs, Indian Wells, Indio, La Quinta, Mecca, Palm Desert, Rancho Mirage, and the Salton Sea. All are in Riverside County, southern California. This list focuses on the popular cultures of literature and music. \"Listed alphabetically by title, series, author last name.\" \"Listed by earliest date","title":"Palm Springs in popular culture"},{"psg_id":"12311409","text":"front of 2,500 fans at Palm Springs Stadium. Palm Springs Chill The Palm Springs Chill are an independent baseball team based in Palm Springs, California. They are co-owned by the Palm Springs Power and play their home games at Palm Springs Stadium. Andrew Starke is the team president and Darrell Evans is the manager. They were a member of the Arizona Winter League, a short-season instructional winter league affiliated with the Golden Baseball League in 2008 and 2009, making the playoffs and championship game both seasons, before losing to the Blythe Heat and Yuma Scorpions respectively. The Chill ownership created","title":"Palm Springs Chill"},{"psg_id":"12138900","text":"the past: \"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\" Its B-side is \"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \"How Could Something\" and by Chamillionaire for \"Void In My Life\". The music video was an imitation of \"The Godfather\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson","title":"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)"},{"psg_id":"11281462","text":"Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do) \"Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do)\" is a rock song by Van Halen from their 1995 album \"Balance\". It is one of five singles issued for the album, and was the only one to reach #1 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, where it stayed for three weeks. The song's main theme is about the power of universal love. Sammy Hagar says in his autobiography that he wanted the song to be uplifting, for the chorus to be 'I wanna show you what love can do', but that his relationship with","title":"Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do)"},{"psg_id":"15814084","text":"& Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000. Do What You Gotta Do \"Do What You Gotta Do\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \"Friday Night in America\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \"Sevens\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \"RPM\"","title":"Do What You Gotta Do"},{"psg_id":"15814082","text":"Do What You Gotta Do \"Do What You Gotta Do\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \"Friday Night in America\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \"Sevens\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years","title":"Do What You Gotta Do"},{"psg_id":"6187569","text":"To Get You into My Life\", \"And Your Bird Can Sing\" and \"Mother Nature's Son\". You Know What to Do \"You Know What to Do\" was one of the first songs written and recorded by George Harrison with the Beatles. It was recorded on 3 June 1964 but remained unreleased until its inclusion on the band's 1995 outtakes compilation \"Anthology 1\". During a photographic assignment on the morning of 3 June 1964, Ringo Starr was taken ill with tonsillitis and pharyngitis, 24 hours before the Beatles were due to leave for a six-country tour. The recording session booked for that","title":"You Know What to Do"},{"psg_id":"19359936","text":"You Can Do That You can do that (sometime stylized as \"YOU CAN DO THAT\") is Soulhead's eighth single. It was released on January 21, 2004 and contained two new songs. It charted at #36 on Oricon and was their last single released for their album \"Braided.\" Both the a-side and the b-side made it to the corresponding album. Both songs were written by Soulhead, arranged by both Soulhead and Octopussy and are R&B. \"You can do that\" is about continuing on, despite some things in life trying to pull you down. \"words of love\" is about loving someone, even","title":"You Can Do That"},{"psg_id":"14810917","text":"wife, Mama Reed.\" Mama Reed can be heard at the recording session for the song: Of note, nowhere in the song do the lyrics \"baby what you want me to do\" appear, although later cover versions would often wrongly include the phrase in place of the original \"baby why you wanna let go.\" \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" was included on Jimmy Reed's second album \"Found Love\" (1960), the \"Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall\" album (1961), as well as numerous compilation albums. \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\" reached number 10 in the \"Billboard\" R&B chart and","title":"Baby What You Want Me to Do"},{"psg_id":"9959868","text":"Springs is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Palm Springs is in . Public education in Palm Springs is under the jurisdiction of the Palm Springs Unified School District, an independent district with five board members. The Palm Springs High School is the oldest school in the district, built in 1938. Originally it was a K–12 school in the 1920s and had the College of the Desert campus from 1958 to 1964. And Raymond Cree Middle School in its current site since the mid 1960s. Elementary schools in Palm Springs include: Alternative education is","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"1040799","text":"Opa-locka,) and the eighty-first-highest concentration of Colombian residents, which made up 1.9% of the population (tied with West Miami.) Businesses, concentrated on Congress Avenue and Tenth Avenue North, include several shopping centers, the largest of which are Greenwood and Palm Springs. Palm Springs is served by the School District of Palm Beach County; the district has its headquarters in the Fulton-Holland Educational Services Center in Palm Springs. The village of Palm Springs is home to three public schools, while other nearby public schools serve students in Palm Springs. The public schools include: St. Luke's Catholic School, a private school, is","title":"Palm Springs, Florida"},{"psg_id":"9959870","text":"have satellite campuses available within the College of the Desert campus, but now have their own buildings in Palm Desert. Private post-secondary education institutions include Brandman University (branch in Palm Desert), California Desert Trial Academy College of Law (in Indio), Kaplan College (Palm Springs), University of Phoenix (Palm Desert), Mayfield College (Cathedral City), and California Nurses Educational Institute (Palm Springs). Palm Springs is the 144th largest TV market as defined by AC Nielsen. The Palm Springs DMA is unique among TV markets as it is entirely located within only a small portion of Riverside County. Also, while most areas received","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"1040789","text":"Palm Springs, Florida Palm Springs is a village in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, situated between Greenacres, Lake Clarke Shores, Lake Worth, and West Palm Beach. As of the 2010 United States Census, had a population of 18,928. It is a minor city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census. It was the 30th incorporated municipality in Palm Beach County, with the establishment charter approved by the Florida Legislature on July 4, 1957. The village name was likely derived from the resort city of Palm Springs, California. Palm Springs","title":"Palm Springs, Florida"},{"psg_id":"14853338","text":"also stated that \"Jon's voice is crisp and clear, up in front in the mix; and Richie Sambora's guitar work is neat, clean, and growing more minimal by the minute\". Describing the composition, Osrin said that song \"continues the band's trend of recording music that tries to be more socially conscious than rollicking\". Songwriting and production Musicians \"What Do You Got?\" was used in a promotional video for \"Grey's Anatomy\" in Canada. What Do You Got? \"What Do You Got?\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \"Greatest","title":"What Do You Got?"},{"psg_id":"9959843","text":"mean annual temperature is . There are 180 days with a high reaching , and can be seen on 116 days. The highest temperature on record in Palm Springs is , most recently achieved on July 28 and 29, 1995. The locale features a variety of native Low Desert flora and fauna. A notable tree occurring in the wild and under cultivation is the California Fan Palm, \"Washingtonia filifera\". The City of Palm Springs has developed a program to identify distinctive neighborhoods in the community. Of the 33 neighborhoods, 7 have historical and cultural significance. The Movie Colony is just","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"20155751","text":"What You Do (song) \"What You Do\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \"Monkey Business\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf and Wrethov, with co-production from Alex Papaconstantinou. \"What You Do\" was released worldwide as the lead single from \"Monkey Business\" on 12 May 2017. The single reached number fourteen on the Polish Airplay Chart. It also charted in Russia and received radio airplay in Sweden (the single peaked at number one on RIX FM chart) where Margaret","title":"What You Do (song)"},{"psg_id":"14853334","text":"What Do You Got? \"What Do You Got?\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \"Greatest Hits\" album, released in November 2010. The song is the first single from the compilation album. The song was released on the band's official website on August 27. It was officially released on September 21, 2010 as a digital download, but the physical single was released in Germany on October 22, 2010. \"What Do You Got?\" was written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora and Brett James, produced by Howard Benson and","title":"What Do You Got?"},{"psg_id":"12311405","text":"Palm Springs Chill The Palm Springs Chill are an independent baseball team based in Palm Springs, California. They are co-owned by the Palm Springs Power and play their home games at Palm Springs Stadium. Andrew Starke is the team president and Darrell Evans is the manager. They were a member of the Arizona Winter League, a short-season instructional winter league affiliated with the Golden Baseball League in 2008 and 2009, making the playoffs and championship game both seasons, before losing to the Blythe Heat and Yuma Scorpions respectively. The Chill ownership created a brand new winter league in 2010, the","title":"Palm Springs Chill"},{"psg_id":"5631452","text":"Ethel Merman and Ray Middleton. During the song, they argue playfully about who can, for example, sing softer, sing higher, sing sweeter, and hold a note for longer, and boast of their abilities and accomplishments, such as opening safes and living on bread and cheese, although Annie always seems to counter Frank's argument. Neither can \"bake a pie,\" though. Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better) \"Anything You Can Do\" is a song composed by Irving Berlin for the 1946 Broadway musical \"Annie Get Your Gun\". The song is a duet, with one male singer and one female singer","title":"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)"},{"psg_id":"20155752","text":"performed it on \"Sommarkrysset\" and during RIX FM Festival concerts. A music video for the song was released onto YouTube on 12 May 2017. It was filmed in Cyprus and directed by Konrad Aksinowicz. The video sees Margaret as a star of a video game. What You Do (song) \"What You Do\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \"Monkey Business\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf and Wrethov, with co-production from Alex Papaconstantinou. \"What You Do\" was released","title":"What You Do (song)"},{"psg_id":"18937831","text":"What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and \"slick beat\" elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while","title":"What Do You Mean?"},{"psg_id":"20249674","text":"What Do You Think About the Car? What Do You Think About the Car? is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter and musician Declan McKenna. It was released worldwide on 21 July 2017, through Columbia Records. \"What Do You Think About the Car?\" has been described as featuring indie rock throughout. In 2015, at age 15, McKenna won the Glastonbury Festival's Emerging Talent Competition, and started writing songs for the album soon after, while still in school. Writing went on for 2 years. McKenna says, \"There were a lot of changes, and I think you can hear that within","title":"What Do You Think About the Car?"},{"psg_id":"17305198","text":"commercial came out before the album. Then the LP was released and the first single which was 'Roll With It'. Six weeks later the second single was due to be released which was the song they used for the commercial. They started putting the commercial on the TV \"before\" the single was out. It looked like I had written a beer jingle!\" \"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\" was released in 1988 as the second international single from \"Roll With It\". In the United States, the song peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and spent","title":"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?"},{"psg_id":"14121332","text":"What Faith Can Do \"What Faith Can Do\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from their 2009 album of the same name \"It Is Well\". It was released on September 24, 2009, as the lead single. The song became the group's first Hot Christian Songs No. 1, staying there for eight weeks. It lasted 47 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a D major key at 138 beats per minute. \"What Faith Can Do\" was released on September 24, 2009, as the lead single for their sixth studio album \"It Is Well\". The","title":"What Faith Can Do"},{"psg_id":"8600738","text":"Palm Springs High School Palm Springs High School is a public high school for grades 9 through 12 located in Palm Springs, California as part of the Palm Springs Unified School District. It was built in 1938 in an effort led by city pioneer Nellie Coffman. Palm Springs High School is in the Desert Valley League, which also includes Cathedral City High School, Coachella Valley High School, Indio High School, La Quinta High School and Palm Desert High School. Palm Springs High School football won their first California Interscholastic Federation championship in the fall of 2009. Boys varsity football won","title":"Palm Springs High School"},{"psg_id":"8907018","text":"small. The nearest Elementary School was in Desert Hot Springs K-6, Junior High and High Schools were in Palm Springs. North Palm Springs, California North Palm Springs is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. North Palm Springs is located at the intersection of Dillon Road and North Indian Canyon Drive near the northern border of Palm Springs, south of Interstate 10. In the 1950s and early 1960s North Palm Springs hosted several businesses including a shoe repair shop, coin laundry, 2 bars that served basic burgers etc. one of which is still open under a new name,","title":"North Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"8727974","text":"Palm Springs Angels The Palm Springs Angels were a minor league baseball team of the Class A California League from 1986 to 1993 and an affiliate of the California Angels. They began in 1986 when the Redwood Pioneers relocated to Palm Springs and they relocated to Lake Elsinore, California after the 1993 season and became the Lake Elsinore Storm. The team was brought to this desert city in 1986 (formerly the Redwood Pioneers), where the major league team under country music legend and team owner Gene Autry had the Angels use Palm Springs as a spring training camp in Palm","title":"Palm Springs Angels"},{"psg_id":"12311406","text":"California Winter League, to offer more opportunities for aspiring players to flourish. They will be joined by the Coachella Valley Snowbirds, the Palm Desert Coyotes and the Canada A's. Former Major Leaguer and former Victoria Seals manager Darrell Evans was named commissioner of this new league. Arizona Winter League: California Winter League: Tundra is the official mascot of the Palm Springs Chill. During the 2012 California Winter League baseball season the Palm Springs Chill started to become very popular in the Palm Springs area. Due to the success of the Palm Springs Power college baseball team in the summer the","title":"Palm Springs Chill"},{"psg_id":"12912649","text":"specialized network-based titles of other network newsmagazines aired in the form of episode compilations on cable channels such as \"Dateline on ID\" and \"48 Hours on ID\" on Investigation Discovery). Reruns of the program began airing on HLN in 2013, as part of the cable news channel's primetime schedule. In the United States, the show can be seen on A&E since 2015. 2014 Season 2015 Season What Would You Do? (2008 TV program) What Would You Do?, formerly known as Primetime: What Would You Do? through the program's fifth season, is an American situational hidden camera television program that has","title":"What Would You Do? (2008 TV program)"},{"psg_id":"11917806","text":"You Can Do Anything You Can Do Anything is the third and final album by the English rock band The Zutons. It was produced by Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles with producer George Drakoulias (The Black Crowes/Primal Scream/Tom Petty) and was released on Monday 2 June 2008 in the United Kingdom. \"You Can Do Anything\" was released after the departure of original lead guitarist Boyan Chowdhury, and is the first album to feature the band's new lead guitarist Paul Molloy. The album was preceded by the first single \"Always Right Behind You\", which was released on 26 May 2008.","title":"You Can Do Anything"},{"psg_id":"8383172","text":"'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) 'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) is a song written by jazz musicians Melvin \"Sy\" Oliver and James \"Trummy\" Young. It was first recorded in 1939 by Jimmie Lunceford, Harry James, and Ella Fitzgerald, and again the same year by Nat Gonella and His Georgians. The \"shim sham\" is often danced to the Lunceford recording of this song. The jazz tune was transformed into a pop song with ska elements in 1982. With the title slightly altered to \"It Ain't What You Do...\", it","title":"'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)"},{"psg_id":"1034163","text":"at 2.4% of all residents. The community is named after Palm Springs Estates, an unincorporated community surrounded by the City of Hialeah, just a few miles south. Public schools that serve Palm Springs North are: Private schools that serve Palm Springs North are: Palm Springs North, Florida Palm Springs North is a census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,253 at the 2010 census. Palm Springs North is located at (25.932904, -80.332871). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of","title":"Palm Springs North, Florida"},{"psg_id":"20608310","text":"Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the Masters Apprentices, released in November 1988 on Virgin Records. It was the group's first album in 17 years since \"A Toast To Panama Red\". In the early 1980s there was a revival of interest in the Masters Apprentices due partly to rock historian Glenn A. Baker, who featured the band for his \"Rock & Roll Trivia Show\" on Sydney radio's Triple J, which in turn led to the release of a definitive compilation LP, \"Hands of Time\" by Baker's Raven Records in","title":"Do What You Wanna Do (album)"},{"psg_id":"8496502","text":"The Saint in Palm Springs The Saint in Palm Springs is a crime melodrama released by RKO Pictures in early 1941. The film continued the screen adventures of the Robin Hood-inspired anti-hero, Simon Templar, alias \"The Saint\", created by Leslie Charteris. This sequel was based upon a story by Charteris; however, many changes to his concept were made. Charteris later novelised his version of the film story as the novella \"Palm Springs\", contained within the collection \"The Saint Goes West\". This was the sixth of eight in RKO's film series about The Saint. The central cast was identical to the","title":"The Saint in Palm Springs"},{"psg_id":"14121333","text":"song's purpose is to encourage the listener that God's power is real and what is can do for you. The band's lead singer, Jon Micah Sumrall, told NewReleaseToday more behind the track,\"That song seems to be an example of touching people and us as a band in the 'right place at the right time.' The song is all about putting all of our hope and trust in God, and the song is encouraging to us as a band. We've had some crazy things happen to us this past year, and the song reminds me of that picture of the two","title":"What Faith Can Do"},{"psg_id":"1040801","text":"Road 882 (locally known as Forest Hill Boulevard) moves west-east near the village's northern boundary. Two entrance and exit ramps for Interstate 95 are located along state roads 802 and 882, just outside the village limits. Several Palm Tran routes serve Palm Springs. Palm Springs, Florida Palm Springs is a village in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, situated between Greenacres, Lake Clarke Shores, Lake Worth, and West Palm Beach. As of the 2010 United States Census, had a population of 18,928. It is a minor city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people","title":"Palm Springs, Florida"},{"psg_id":"9959824","text":"in Californian place names, it usually refers to the native California fan palm, \"Washingtonia filifera\", which is abundant in the Palm Springs area. Other early names were \"Palmetto Spring\" and \"Big Palm Springs\". The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, who ran the stagecoach station on the Bradshaw Trail in 1862. Fourteen years later (1876), the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles to the north, isolating the station. In 1880, local Indian Pedro Chino was selling parcels near the springs to William Van Slyke and Mathew Bryne in a series of questionable transactions; they in","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"9959877","text":"Coachella Valley. The last documented Jaguar sighting in Palm Springs, was in 1860.|| Palm Springs, California Palm Springs (Cahuilla: Se-Khi) is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately east of San Bernardino, east of Los Angeles, northeast of San Diego, and west of Phoenix, Arizona. The population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately , making it the largest city in the county by land area. Biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"9959817","text":"Palm Springs, California Palm Springs (Cahuilla: Se-Khi) is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately east of San Bernardino, east of Los Angeles, northeast of San Diego, and west of Phoenix, Arizona. The population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately , making it the largest city in the county by land area. Biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of recreation in Palm Springs. The city is also known for its mid-century modern","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"9964005","text":"Palm Springs station Palm Springs is a train station in Palm Springs, California, United States, served by Amtrak, the national railroad passenger system. The \"Sunset Limited\" and the \"Texas Eagle\", combined, provide a thrice-weekly service in each direction. This is not a full-service station. The station comprises a single platform and an open-air shelter with a roof. It was built in 1999, and the property is owned by the City of Palm Springs. No services are offered at this unmanned station. Although there is a restroom, its door appears to be permanently locked and thus the restroom is not available","title":"Palm Springs station"},{"psg_id":"1040800","text":"located in Palm Springs. The village is also home to G-Star School of the Arts, which is a charter school and the largest high school for acting, animation, and film in the United States. The Palm Springs Public Library is located in the Village Government Complex. State Road 802 (locally known as Lake Worth Road) passes east-west near the southern end of the village. Congress Avenue (designated as State Road 807) is a north-south oriented road close to the eastern boundary of Palm Springs. The far western edges of Palm Springs border Military Trail (designated as State Road 809). State","title":"Palm Springs, Florida"},{"psg_id":"9959872","text":"market. Additionally, Palm Springs and the surrounding area are served by AM and FM radio stations including the following: The city's library was started in 1924 and financed by Martha Hitchcock. It expanded in 1940 on land donated to the newly incorporated city by Dr. Welwood Murray and was financed through the efforts of Thomas O'Donnell. The present site now operates as a branch library, research library for the Palm Springs Historical Society, and tourism office for the Palm Springs Bureau of Tourism. One of the first transportation routes for Palm Springs was on the Bradshaw Trail, an historic overland","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"9959837","text":"Palm Springs counted just 19 courses, which had grown to 125 by 2010. Similar to the pre-war era, Palm Springs remained popular with the rich and famous of Hollywood, as well as retirees and Canadian tourists. Between 1947 and 1965, the Alexander Construction Company built some 2,200 houses in Palm Springs effectively doubling its housing capacity. As the 1970s drew to a close, increasing numbers of retirees moved to the Coachella Valley. As a result, Palm Springs began to evolve from a virtual ghost town in the summer to a year-round community. Businesses and hotels that used to close for","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"16793656","text":"Palm Springs (film) Palm Springs (alternate title: Palm Springs Affair) is a 1936 film directed by Aubrey Scotto which features an early performance by David Niven. A father and daughter pair who love to gamble throw a party one night in her honor before shoving off to finishing school. When she gets to the school, she’s caught gambling and is expelled. While she tries to locate her father in Palm Springs, California, she meets a cowboy named Slim and a wealthy gentleman named George Brittel. He also has an aunt who is very against gambling. But still the same her","title":"Palm Springs (film)"},{"psg_id":"11917807","text":"It entered the Official UK Albums Chart at No.6. The album leaked to file sharing websites three days before the release date, on Friday 30 May. You Can Do Anything You Can Do Anything is the third and final album by the English rock band The Zutons. It was produced by Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles with producer George Drakoulias (The Black Crowes/Primal Scream/Tom Petty) and was released on Monday 2 June 2008 in the United Kingdom. \"You Can Do Anything\" was released after the departure of original lead guitarist Boyan Chowdhury, and is the first album to feature","title":"You Can Do Anything"},{"psg_id":"7190839","text":"You Can Do It \"You Can Do It\" is a song by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released as the second single from the \"Next Friday\" soundtrack. The song features Ice Cube's Westside Connection bandmate Mack 10, as well as rapper Ms. Toi. \"You Can Do It\" later used as the lead single on Cube's sixth studio album, \"War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc)\". The song also appears on his \"Greatest Hits\" and \"In the Movies\" compilations. It would also appear on the double platinum \"Save the Last Dance\". The song became Ice Cube's sixth and final","title":"You Can Do It"},{"psg_id":"9964007","text":"8-9 passengers daily, making Palm Springs the 71st-busiest of the 74 stations served by Amtrak in California in FY2013. Following the 2016 schedule change for the Sunset Limited and Texas Eagle, inbound trains only depart at 2:02am and outbound trains arrive at 12:36am, making ridership decrease sharply through 2016-18. Greyhound Bus Lines also has a stop (no ticketing) at the station. Palm Springs station Palm Springs is a train station in Palm Springs, California, United States, served by Amtrak, the national railroad passenger system. The \"Sunset Limited\" and the \"Texas Eagle\", combined, provide a thrice-weekly service in each direction. This","title":"Palm Springs station"},{"psg_id":"9959856","text":"has the fifth-highest percentage of same-sex households in the nation. Former mayor Ron Oden estimated that about a third of Palm Springs is gay. Over various times, the city has catered to LGBT tourists with an increasing amount of clothing-optional resorts and events. Palm Springs is host to the Greater Palm Springs Pride Celebration. This celebration, held every year in November, includes events such as the Palm Springs Pride Golf Classic, the Stonewall Equality Concert, and a Broadway in Drag Pageant. The city also held same-sex wedding ceremonies at the iconic 'Forever Marilyn' statue located downtown, before its relocation in","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"8600740","text":"round in the California Interscholastic Federation with all returning freshman now juniors. Boys varsity basketball won 4 straight DVL titles from 2010–2013. In 2013, they made it to first round of CIF. Boys soccer went undefeated in the 2012–2013 season retaining the DVL title, since 1999. Palm Springs High School Palm Springs High School is a public high school for grades 9 through 12 located in Palm Springs, California as part of the Palm Springs Unified School District. It was built in 1938 in an effort led by city pioneer Nellie Coffman. Palm Springs High School is in the Desert","title":"Palm Springs High School"},{"psg_id":"3300991","text":"was stopped before the outcome and Summers asked the audience to vote on either what they would do in the same situation or what the outcome would be. After the results were tallied, the outcome was played. Special guests, usually performers from other Universal Studios attractions, appeared on \"What Would You Do?\" and picked audience members to perform gross, silly or extraordinary stunts. Stunts could involve handling animals, playing a very messy version of Twister barefoot, painting, dancing or creating sound effects. Additional segments included contests between two selected audience members (\"Anything You Can Do\"). These contests ranged from who","title":"What Would You Do? (1991 TV program)"},{"psg_id":"8907017","text":"North Palm Springs, California North Palm Springs is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. North Palm Springs is located at the intersection of Dillon Road and North Indian Canyon Drive near the northern border of Palm Springs, south of Interstate 10. In the 1950s and early 1960s North Palm Springs hosted several businesses including a shoe repair shop, coin laundry, 2 bars that served basic burgers etc. one of which is still open under a new name, Chinese Restaurant, and a gas station that was connected to a restaurant/bar. There was one general store type market very","title":"North Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"2767397","text":"What Do You Know, Deutschland? What Do You Know, Deutschland? is the second album by KMFDM, released in 1986. The album was recorded in Hamburg, Germany. \"What Do You Know, Deutschland?\" was recorded from 1983–86, with some tracks recorded before En Esch had started working with KMFDM founders Sascha Konietzko and Raymond Watts, some even before the band officially formed in 1984. Originally released by Z Records in Germany in 1986 with different artwork, the album was re-released, including songs from the \"Kickin' Ass\" single, in 1987 by SkySaw Records in the United Kingdom. In 1991, Wax Trax! Records released","title":"What Do You Know, Deutschland?"},{"psg_id":"2767399","text":"version was released by Wax Trax! in 1991 (without the track \"Zip\"), and remastered by Metropolis in 2006 (with \"Zip\" reinstated). What Do You Know, Deutschland? What Do You Know, Deutschland? is the second album by KMFDM, released in 1986. The album was recorded in Hamburg, Germany. \"What Do You Know, Deutschland?\" was recorded from 1983–86, with some tracks recorded before En Esch had started working with KMFDM founders Sascha Konietzko and Raymond Watts, some even before the band officially formed in 1984. Originally released by Z Records in Germany in 1986 with different artwork, the album was re-released, including","title":"What Do You Know, Deutschland?"},{"psg_id":"3258550","text":"at the Mountain Station. It was produced by Palm Springs television station KESQ-TV with voiceovers provided by Palm Springs radio personalities. The view at the top can stretch northward for more than on a clear day, all the way to Mount Charleston north of Las Vegas, Nevada. Views to the east and west can stretch as far as . California's Salton Sea is plainly visible to the southeast. As it was in 1963, the only way up the mountain to deliver supplies and water is via the aerial-tram cars themselves. Supplies are loaded into the passenger area before the attraction's","title":"Palm Springs Aerial Tramway"},{"psg_id":"10438573","text":"What Good Can Drinkin' Do \"What Good Can Drinkin' Do\" is a blues song by Janis Joplin, the first song she ever recorded. The song has six verses, following the 12-bar blues pattern. Lyrics in the first and last verse are almost identical: \"What good can drinkin' do ?\" is sung twice, then answered with \"Lord, I drink all night but the next day I still feel blue.\" Recordings of this song can be heard on Early Performances, or on the box set \"Janis\". \"Record Collector\" cites her intro to the song: \"Up steps a feisty young woman, one month","title":"What Good Can Drinkin' Do"},{"psg_id":"9959860","text":"evening event, drawing tourists and locals alike to Palm Canyon Drive to stroll amid the food and craft vendors. Events related to films and film-craft are sponsored by the Desert Film Society. The city council has established a 7-member commission to promote art in the city. The commission has sponsored several notable public art projects in the city, including: Numerous galleries and studios are located in the city and region. The California Art Club has a chapter in Palm Springs. The Desert Art Center of Coachella Valley was established in Palm Springs in 1950. Palm Springs is home to the","title":"Palm Springs, California"},{"psg_id":"8651500","text":"a possible site of interest for the independent Golden Baseball League later became the North American League in 2010, before the league folded. However, the current tenant, the Palm Springs Power, draw in more fans and local media than previous baseball teams. In 2018 the Palm Springs Collegiate League has taken residence at the stadium. The Palm Springs Chill is the founder of the California Winter League (2010) who used to play in the Arizona Winter League, and their 5 opponents are the Canada A's, Coachella Valley Snowbirds, Palm Desert Coyotes, and Blythe Heat-later replaced by the Washington BlueSox. The","title":"Palm Springs Stadium"},{"psg_id":"8727976","text":"a new spring training facility in Tempe, Arizona. Former Palm Spring Angels players include Pete Rose, Jr., Dante Bichette, J. T. Snow, Tim Salmon, Garret Anderson, Troy Percival and Jim Edmonds. Palm Springs Angels The Palm Springs Angels were a minor league baseball team of the Class A California League from 1986 to 1993 and an affiliate of the California Angels. They began in 1986 when the Redwood Pioneers relocated to Palm Springs and they relocated to Lake Elsinore, California after the 1993 season and became the Lake Elsinore Storm. The team was brought to this desert city in 1986","title":"Palm Springs Angels"},{"psg_id":"9039756","text":"What Will You Do When You Catch Me? What Will You Do When You Catch Me? is the English title of \"Co mi zrobisz, jak mnie złapiesz?\" a Polish comedy film released in 1978, directed by Stanisław Bareja. Tadeusz Krzakoski (Krzysztof Kowalewski), the director of a failing state-owned company, is married with problems. His mistress, the daughter of a Communist party bigwig, says she's pregnant and Tadeusz knows he'll have to marry her to save his reputation and his job. But divorce is never simple and Bareja's screwball comedies are never boring. \"What Will You Do\" shares many themes in","title":"What Will You Do When You Catch Me?"},{"psg_id":"8383175","text":"Some reissues of the album also include the \"Just Do It\" section as a separate trac. 'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) 'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) is a song written by jazz musicians Melvin \"Sy\" Oliver and James \"Trummy\" Young. It was first recorded in 1939 by Jimmie Lunceford, Harry James, and Ella Fitzgerald, and again the same year by Nat Gonella and His Georgians. The \"shim sham\" is often danced to the Lunceford recording of this song. The jazz tune was transformed into a pop song with","title":"'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)"},{"psg_id":"1040792","text":"Silvers (D) of the Florida House of Representatives's 87th district and Lori Berman (D) of the Florida Senate's 31st district. Nationally, the village is served by Lois Frankel (D) of Florida's 21st congressional district and U.S. Senators Bill Nelson (D) and Marco Rubio (R). In 1957, Florida House of Representatives member Ralph Blank, Jr. of Palm Beach County introduced legislation to establish the village of Palm Springs. The bill passed unanimously and Palm Springs was chartered on July 4, 1957. The village was likely named after the resort city of Palm Springs, California. Originally, the townsite mainly consisted of about","title":"Palm Springs, Florida"},{"psg_id":"12689146","text":"for those who can't get enough of those heady days of the early- to mid-'70s when an artist could still go into the studio and make an album like this, Nobody Knows What You Do will speak to the inner hippie-hillbilly.\" All tracks composed by John Hartford; except where indicated Nobody Knows What You Do Nobody Knows What You Do is an album by John Hartford, released in 1976. After recording the minimalist \"Mark Twang\", Hartford returned to the studio with a band. The new material leaned more toward country-rock than bluegrass, which he would continue with 1977's Dillard Hartford","title":"Nobody Knows What You Do"},{"psg_id":"17338140","text":"What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and","title":"What Did I Do to You?"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12068608\",\n \"text\": \"with Les Homme Sauvage and Fran Healy & Andy Dunlop from Travis. The band played at the opening night of the 26th Haldern Pop Festival in Germany in August 2009. Second LP \\\"The Hope That Kills You\\\" followed in January 2010. Palm Springs (band) Palm Springs is a Brighton-based independent British rock band. Established in 2004 with \\\"a firm DIY ethic – put off today what you can do tomorrow and persevere without instructions or guidance,\\\" the band writes, records and releases records through their own label Random Acts of Vinyl. The group comprises songwriting duo and instrumentalists Palm Springs\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12068601\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs (band) Palm Springs is a Brighton-based independent British rock band. Established in 2004 with \\\"a firm DIY ethic – put off today what you can do tomorrow and persevere without instructions or guidance,\\\" the band writes, records and releases records through their own label Random Acts of Vinyl. The group comprises songwriting duo and instrumentalists Palm Springs describe their music as \\\"acoustic, melancholic and slightly car boot electronic\\\" although reviewers have used adjectives ranging from \\\"lush,\\\" \\\"orchestral\\\" and \\\"majestic\\\" to \\\"folksy,\\\" \\\"gentle\\\" and \\\"understated.\\\" The addition of non-standard instruments such as melodica, glockenspiel, Casio VL-1, Stylophone and strings\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11357789\",\n \"text\": \"What I Can Do for You \\\"What I Can Do for You\\\" is a single by Sheryl Crow from the album \\\"Tuesday Night Music Club\\\" released on A&M Records. It was originally released in 1993 and the single includes a rare speedier version of LP track \\\"The Na-Na Song\\\" (i.e. \\\"Volvo Cowgirl 99\\\"). \\\"What I Can Do for You\\\" managed only number 97 when first released at the end of 1993, but was re-released after the success of \\\"All I Wanna Do\\\" and \\\"Strong Enough\\\". Two CD singles were released, with the second one being a limited edition including a\",\n \"title\": \"What I Can Do for You\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14319269\",\n \"text\": \"10 on 15 September. The song spent a total of 11 weeks inside the top 75 chart. In Australia, \\\"What Can You Do For Me\\\" did not enter the ARIA top 100 singles chart until April 1993, following its re-release after the success of \\\"Something Good\\\". A new version of the song remixed by Drumsound & Bassline Smith was released on 26 February 2012. What Can You Do for Me \\\"What Can You Do For Me\\\" is the debut single by English electronic group Utah Saints. The song was released on 12 August 1991 and reached a peak position of\",\n \"title\": \"What Can You Do for Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11357790\",\n \"text\": \"1996 mini-calendar. In the UK charts, it reached number 84 in its first release on February 19, 1994 and then number 43 on November 11, 1995. The song deals with sexual harassment with which Sheryl says she experienced her share of during her road to fame. What I Can Do for You \\\"What I Can Do for You\\\" is a single by Sheryl Crow from the album \\\"Tuesday Night Music Club\\\" released on A&M Records. It was originally released in 1993 and the single includes a rare speedier version of LP track \\\"The Na-Na Song\\\" (i.e. \\\"Volvo Cowgirl 99\\\"). \\\"What\",\n \"title\": \"What I Can Do for You\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14319268\",\n \"text\": \"What Can You Do for Me \\\"What Can You Do For Me\\\" is the debut single by English electronic group Utah Saints. The song was released on 12 August 1991 and reached a peak position of number 10 in the UK Singles Chart. The song uses samples from \\\"There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)\\\" by Eurythmics and \\\"Ain't Nothin' Goin' on But the Rent\\\" by Gwen Guthrie. The single was released in August 1991 and entered the UK Singles Chart on 18 August at number 26. The song steadily rose up the chart and peaked at number\",\n \"title\": \"What Can You Do for Me\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17305196\",\n \"text\": \"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do? \\\"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\\\" is a song recorded by Steve Winwood for his album, \\\"Roll with It\\\", released on Virgin Records in 1988. Released as a single, it peaked at number six on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and spent two weeks at number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Prior to the 1988 release of the \\\"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\\\" single, the song was used in a national TV commercial for Michelob. Though some critics at the time condemned\",\n \"title\": \"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14121335\",\n \"text\": \"and believe that nothing is impossible with God. That's what faith can do. The take-away message is to know that God cares for you personally and that He wants a personal relationship with each and every one of us. For believers, the song is a reminder about making a faithful commitment to live with the kind of faith that God calls each of us to have.\\\" The music video for the single \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" was released on February 12, 2010. What Faith Can Do \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from\",\n \"title\": \"What Faith Can Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17305199\",\n \"text\": \"11 weeks inside the Top 40. It reached number six on the Hot 100 Airplay chart and number eight on the Singles Sales chart. It also reached number two on the Adult Contemporary chart and spent two weeks atop the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. The song peaked at number 46 in New Zealand and number 89 in the United Kingdom. Don't You Know What the Night Can Do? \\\"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\\\" is a song recorded by Steve Winwood for his album, \\\"Roll with It\\\", released on Virgin Records in 1988. Released as a single,\",\n \"title\": \"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5631451\",\n \"text\": \"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better) \\\"Anything You Can Do\\\" is a song composed by Irving Berlin for the 1946 Broadway musical \\\"Annie Get Your Gun\\\". The song is a duet, with one male singer and one female singer attempting to outdo each other in increasingly complex tasks. In the musical, the song sets the scene for the climactic sharpshooting contest between Annie Oakley and Frank Butler. Its most memorable lines are, \\\"Anything you can do I can do better; I can do anything better than you.\\\" The song was first performed in \\\"Annie Get Your Gun\\\" by\",\n \"title\": \"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10038255\",\n \"text\": \"Ain't What You Do \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \\\"Nu-Flow\\\". \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is based on Fun Boy Three and Bananarama's collaboration \\\"It Ain't What You Do (It's the\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10038256\",\n \"text\": \"Way That You Do It)\\\". UK CD 1 UK CD 2 Ain't What You Do \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is a single released in 2003 by the UK hip hop/R&B group Big Brovaz. The single is the fifth and final single taken from Big Brovaz' 2002 debut album, \\\"Nu-Flow\\\". \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" became Big Brovaz' fifth UK hit but their first to miss the top ten, peaking at number fifteen and spending seven weeks inside the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart. The single was not released in Australia. \\\"Ain't What You Do\\\" is based on Fun Boy\",\n \"title\": \"Ain't What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12632951\",\n \"text\": \"one day and asked me what I thought of Palm Springs. I was just newly arrived from New York, and I told him that I'd never been there. He said, 'I want you to go there over Easter Weekend and poke around and see if you come back with a movie.'... I suppose since he'd just done \\\"Spencer's Mountain\\\", he trusted that I could write about young people. When Norman Taurog signed to direct, he felt the script needed some work, so the studio hired David Schwartz, who had just adapted \\\"Sex and the Single Girl\\\". They did not like\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Weekend\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13728970\",\n \"text\": \"What Else Can I Do \\\"What Else Can I Do\\\" is the title of a country music song written by Tony Arata and Scott Miller. It was recorded by Patricia Conroy on her 1994 album \\\"You Can't Resist\\\". In Canada, the song was released in 1995 by Warner Music Canada as the album's second single. In the United States, the song was released in 1996 by Intersound Records also as the album second single, but failed to chart on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song became a Number One on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks in\",\n \"title\": \"What Else Can I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13728971\",\n \"text\": \"1995. The song debuted at number 64 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks on the chart dated February 6, 1995 and spent 11 weeks on the chart before peaking at number 1 on April 17. What Else Can I Do \\\"What Else Can I Do\\\" is the title of a country music song written by Tony Arata and Scott Miller. It was recorded by Patricia Conroy on her 1994 album \\\"You Can't Resist\\\". In Canada, the song was released in 1995 by Warner Music Canada as the album's second single. In the United States, the song was released in 1996\",\n \"title\": \"What Else Can I Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19359937\",\n \"text\": \"when they're gone. Though on the cover for the CD the title track is stylized as \\\"You can do that,\\\" it is written as \\\"YOU CAN DO THAT\\\" on the album \\\"Braided,\\\" as well as websites that feature the song. The music video for the song, however, titles it as \\\"You can do that.\\\" Side A Side B You Can Do That You can do that (sometime stylized as \\\"YOU CAN DO THAT\\\") is Soulhead's eighth single. It was released on January 21, 2004 and contained two new songs. It charted at #36 on Oricon and was their last single\",\n \"title\": \"You Can Do That\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8651495\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs Stadium Palm Springs Stadium is a stadium in Palm Springs, California. It is primarily used for baseball. It used to be named Angels Stadium and was the home field of the Palm Springs Suns of the Western Baseball League in 1995 and 1996. Palm Springs Stadium is the home of the Palm Springs Power, of the collegiate summer Southern California Collegiate Baseball Association. In 2018 the stadium is now the official home of the Palm Springs Collegiate League. The stadium has a seating capacity of 5,185. Formerly a polo ground, the present-day stands opened in 1949 and were\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937838\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\\\" \\\"USA Today\\\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \\\"catchy dance track for the club\\\". Similarly, a writer for \\\"The Daily Beast\\\" said, \\\"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\\\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \\\"banger\\\", explaining, \\\"the track is classic JB: seductive,\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959858\",\n \"text\": \"The San Jacinto Wilderness is accessible from the top of the tram and there is a restaurant with notable views. The Palm Springs Convention Center underwent a multimillion-dollar expansion and renovation under Mayor Will Kleindienst. The City Council Sub-Committee of Mayor Kleindienst and City Council Member Chris Mills selected Fentress Bradburn Architects from Denver, Colorado for the redesign. Numerous hotels, restaurants and attractions cater to tourists, while shoppers can find a variety of high-end boutiques in downtown and uptown Palm Springs. The city is home to 20 clothing-optional resorts including many catering to gay men. The Palm Springs Black History\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13390309\",\n \"text\": \"last albums featuring lead vocalist Chaka Khan before fully going solo. Do You Love What You Feel \\\"Do You Love What You Feel\\\" is a well-known soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka. Released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, \\\"Masterjam\\\", it spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart. It also peaked at number thirty on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, \\\"Any Love\\\", \\\"Do You Love What You Feel\\\" peaked at number\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Love What You Feel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13390308\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Love What You Feel \\\"Do You Love What You Feel\\\" is a well-known soul/disco song by Rufus and Chaka. Released in late 1979 from the Quincy Jones produced album, \\\"Masterjam\\\", it spent three weeks at the top of the Hot Soul Singles chart, becoming the fourth of five songs that they would send to the top of that chart. It also peaked at number thirty on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 singles chart. Along with the track, \\\"Any Love\\\", \\\"Do You Love What You Feel\\\" peaked at number five on the disco/dance charts. It would be one of the\",\n \"title\": \"Do You Love What You Feel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608312\",\n \"text\": \"Radio\\\" and \\\"Because I Love You\\\" (the band's most popular songs). The perennial \\\"Because I Love You\\\" also gained new prominence around that time via its use in a series of advertisements for a well-known brand of jeans; the revamped version of \\\"Because I Love You\\\" peaked at No. 30 on the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Singles Charts. Side B is live recordings taken from the 1988 reunion tour. All songs written by Doug Ford and Jim Keays, except where noted. Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937858\",\n \"text\": \"Do You Mean?\\\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \\\"Poo Bear\\\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a pop and tropical house\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17488200\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs General Hospital Larkin Community Hospital Palm Springs Campus is a 247-bed acute care hospital located on a 15-acre campus in Hialeah, Florida. Services include orthopedic surgery (hips, knees, shoulders), cardiac implants, pacemakers, interventional radiological procedures such as endovascular aneurysm repair of abdominal aortic aneuryisms (AAA). In 1965, the hospital opened in what was then the rural outskirts of Hialeah in northwest Miami-Dade County, Florida. Due to the rapid influx of Hispanic-Americans, the hospital became largely bilingual in both Spanish and English as well as Haitian Creole. Palm Springs General Hospital has undergone several renovations and expansion. In 1995,\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs General Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8651503\",\n \"text\": \"amateur/semi-pro baseball leagues: the American Legion. In the past, automobile exhibits or car shows, monster truck rallies and music concerts were also held in the stadium's field. Palm Springs Stadium Palm Springs Stadium is a stadium in Palm Springs, California. It is primarily used for baseball. It used to be named Angels Stadium and was the home field of the Palm Springs Suns of the Western Baseball League in 1995 and 1996. Palm Springs Stadium is the home of the Palm Springs Power, of the collegiate summer Southern California Collegiate Baseball Association. In 2018 the stadium is now the official\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13148265\",\n \"text\": \"is actually worth. Pay what you can Pay what you can (PWYC) is a non-profit or for-profit business model which does not depend on set prices for its goods, but instead asks customers to pay what they feel the product or service is worth to them. It is often used as a promotional tactic, but can also be the regular method of doing business. It is a variation on the gift economy and cross-subsidization, in that it depends on reciprocity and trust to succeed. \\\"Pay what you want\\\" is sometimes used synonymously, but \\\"pay what you can\\\" is often more\",\n \"title\": \"Pay what you can\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13148263\",\n \"text\": \"Pay what you can Pay what you can (PWYC) is a non-profit or for-profit business model which does not depend on set prices for its goods, but instead asks customers to pay what they feel the product or service is worth to them. It is often used as a promotional tactic, but can also be the regular method of doing business. It is a variation on the gift economy and cross-subsidization, in that it depends on reciprocity and trust to succeed. \\\"Pay what you want\\\" is sometimes used synonymously, but \\\"pay what you can\\\" is often more oriented to charity\",\n \"title\": \"Pay what you can\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959861\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs POWER, a semi-pro collegiate league baseball team composed of college all-stars of the Southern California Collegiate Baseball Association. It has a winter league baseball team, the POWER winter team and Palm Springs Chill of the California Winter League (2010) consists of 12 other teams as of 2016. The League plays its games in Palm Springs Stadium and also on the baseball field in nearby Palm Springs High School. Both sites feature 6 teams of the Palm Springs Collegiate League in the summer. The Palm Springs stadium was once the spring training site of the Major League Baseball California\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16790027\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs in popular culture The resort towns of Palm Springs, California and other communities in the Coachella Valley, as a filming location, topical setting, and storyline subject for films, television shows, literature, and music, are frequently featured in popular culture. Besides Palm Springs, other nearby communities include Bermuda Dunes, Cathedral City, Coachella, Desert Hot Springs, Indian Wells, Indio, La Quinta, Mecca, Palm Desert, Rancho Mirage, and the Salton Sea. All are in Riverside County, southern California. This list focuses on the popular cultures of literature and music. \\\"Listed alphabetically by title, series, author last name.\\\" \\\"Listed by earliest date\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs in popular culture\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12311409\",\n \"text\": \"front of 2,500 fans at Palm Springs Stadium. Palm Springs Chill The Palm Springs Chill are an independent baseball team based in Palm Springs, California. They are co-owned by the Palm Springs Power and play their home games at Palm Springs Stadium. Andrew Starke is the team president and Darrell Evans is the manager. They were a member of the Arizona Winter League, a short-season instructional winter league affiliated with the Golden Baseball League in 2008 and 2009, making the playoffs and championship game both seasons, before losing to the Blythe Heat and Yuma Scorpions respectively. The Chill ownership created\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Chill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12138900\",\n \"text\": \"the past: \\\"Why don't you do what you do / when you did what you did to me?\\\" Its B-side is \\\"Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)\\\", a duet with Michael Jackson. The song was sampled by Lil Wayne for \\\"How Could Something\\\" and by Chamillionaire for \\\"Void In My Life\\\". The music video was an imitation of \\\"The Godfather\\\" and supermodel Iman played Jackson's love interest who eventually betrays him by trying to shoot him. After his henchmen take her away, it is not revealed what happened to her. Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Do (Jermaine Jackson song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11281462\",\n \"text\": \"Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do) \\\"Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do)\\\" is a rock song by Van Halen from their 1995 album \\\"Balance\\\". It is one of five singles issued for the album, and was the only one to reach #1 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart, where it stayed for three weeks. The song's main theme is about the power of universal love. Sammy Hagar says in his autobiography that he wanted the song to be uplifting, for the chorus to be 'I wanna show you what love can do', but that his relationship with\",\n \"title\": \"Don't Tell Me (What Love Can Do)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814084\",\n \"text\": \"& Tracks for the chart week of January 15, 2000. Do What You Gotta Do \\\"Do What You Gotta Do\\\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \\\"Friday Night in America\\\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \\\"Sevens\\\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15814082\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Gotta Do \\\"Do What You Gotta Do\\\" is a song written by guitarist Pat Flynn and recorded by the New Grass Revival for their 1989 Capitol album \\\"Friday Night in America\\\". The song was also recorded by American country music artist Garth Brooks. It was released in January 2000 as fifth and final single from the 1997 album, \\\"Sevens\\\". The song reached number 13 on the U.S. \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and peaked at number 18 on the Canadian \\\"RPM\\\" Country Tracks chart. The song was issued over two years\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Gotta Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6187569\",\n \"text\": \"To Get You into My Life\\\", \\\"And Your Bird Can Sing\\\" and \\\"Mother Nature's Son\\\". You Know What to Do \\\"You Know What to Do\\\" was one of the first songs written and recorded by George Harrison with the Beatles. It was recorded on 3 June 1964 but remained unreleased until its inclusion on the band's 1995 outtakes compilation \\\"Anthology 1\\\". During a photographic assignment on the morning of 3 June 1964, Ringo Starr was taken ill with tonsillitis and pharyngitis, 24 hours before the Beatles were due to leave for a six-country tour. The recording session booked for that\",\n \"title\": \"You Know What to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19359936\",\n \"text\": \"You Can Do That You can do that (sometime stylized as \\\"YOU CAN DO THAT\\\") is Soulhead's eighth single. It was released on January 21, 2004 and contained two new songs. It charted at #36 on Oricon and was their last single released for their album \\\"Braided.\\\" Both the a-side and the b-side made it to the corresponding album. Both songs were written by Soulhead, arranged by both Soulhead and Octopussy and are R&B. \\\"You can do that\\\" is about continuing on, despite some things in life trying to pull you down. \\\"words of love\\\" is about loving someone, even\",\n \"title\": \"You Can Do That\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14810917\",\n \"text\": \"wife, Mama Reed.\\\" Mama Reed can be heard at the recording session for the song: Of note, nowhere in the song do the lyrics \\\"baby what you want me to do\\\" appear, although later cover versions would often wrongly include the phrase in place of the original \\\"baby why you wanna let go.\\\" \\\"Baby What You Want Me to Do\\\" was included on Jimmy Reed's second album \\\"Found Love\\\" (1960), the \\\"Jimmy Reed at Carnegie Hall\\\" album (1961), as well as numerous compilation albums. \\\"Baby What You Want Me to Do\\\" reached number 10 in the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart and\",\n \"title\": \"Baby What You Want Me to Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959868\",\n \"text\": \"Springs is in , and in . In the United States House of Representatives, Palm Springs is in . Public education in Palm Springs is under the jurisdiction of the Palm Springs Unified School District, an independent district with five board members. The Palm Springs High School is the oldest school in the district, built in 1938. Originally it was a K–12 school in the 1920s and had the College of the Desert campus from 1958 to 1964. And Raymond Cree Middle School in its current site since the mid 1960s. Elementary schools in Palm Springs include: Alternative education is\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1040799\",\n \"text\": \"Opa-locka,) and the eighty-first-highest concentration of Colombian residents, which made up 1.9% of the population (tied with West Miami.) Businesses, concentrated on Congress Avenue and Tenth Avenue North, include several shopping centers, the largest of which are Greenwood and Palm Springs. Palm Springs is served by the School District of Palm Beach County; the district has its headquarters in the Fulton-Holland Educational Services Center in Palm Springs. The village of Palm Springs is home to three public schools, while other nearby public schools serve students in Palm Springs. The public schools include: St. Luke's Catholic School, a private school, is\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959870\",\n \"text\": \"have satellite campuses available within the College of the Desert campus, but now have their own buildings in Palm Desert. Private post-secondary education institutions include Brandman University (branch in Palm Desert), California Desert Trial Academy College of Law (in Indio), Kaplan College (Palm Springs), University of Phoenix (Palm Desert), Mayfield College (Cathedral City), and California Nurses Educational Institute (Palm Springs). Palm Springs is the 144th largest TV market as defined by AC Nielsen. The Palm Springs DMA is unique among TV markets as it is entirely located within only a small portion of Riverside County. Also, while most areas received\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1040789\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs, Florida Palm Springs is a village in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, situated between Greenacres, Lake Clarke Shores, Lake Worth, and West Palm Beach. As of the 2010 United States Census, had a population of 18,928. It is a minor city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people at the 2015 census. It was the 30th incorporated municipality in Palm Beach County, with the establishment charter approved by the Florida Legislature on July 4, 1957. The village name was likely derived from the resort city of Palm Springs, California. Palm Springs\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14853338\",\n \"text\": \"also stated that \\\"Jon's voice is crisp and clear, up in front in the mix; and Richie Sambora's guitar work is neat, clean, and growing more minimal by the minute\\\". Describing the composition, Osrin said that song \\\"continues the band's trend of recording music that tries to be more socially conscious than rollicking\\\". Songwriting and production Musicians \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" was used in a promotional video for \\\"Grey's Anatomy\\\" in Canada. What Do You Got? \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \\\"Greatest\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Got?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959843\",\n \"text\": \"mean annual temperature is . There are 180 days with a high reaching , and can be seen on 116 days. The highest temperature on record in Palm Springs is , most recently achieved on July 28 and 29, 1995. The locale features a variety of native Low Desert flora and fauna. A notable tree occurring in the wild and under cultivation is the California Fan Palm, \\\"Washingtonia filifera\\\". The City of Palm Springs has developed a program to identify distinctive neighborhoods in the community. Of the 33 neighborhoods, 7 have historical and cultural significance. The Movie Colony is just\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20155751\",\n \"text\": \"What You Do (song) \\\"What You Do\\\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \\\"Monkey Business\\\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf and Wrethov, with co-production from Alex Papaconstantinou. \\\"What You Do\\\" was released worldwide as the lead single from \\\"Monkey Business\\\" on 12 May 2017. The single reached number fourteen on the Polish Airplay Chart. It also charted in Russia and received radio airplay in Sweden (the single peaked at number one on RIX FM chart) where Margaret\",\n \"title\": \"What You Do (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14853334\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Got? \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi. It is one of four songs written for the band's \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" album, released in November 2010. The song is the first single from the compilation album. The song was released on the band's official website on August 27. It was officially released on September 21, 2010 as a digital download, but the physical single was released in Germany on October 22, 2010. \\\"What Do You Got?\\\" was written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora and Brett James, produced by Howard Benson and\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Got?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12311405\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs Chill The Palm Springs Chill are an independent baseball team based in Palm Springs, California. They are co-owned by the Palm Springs Power and play their home games at Palm Springs Stadium. Andrew Starke is the team president and Darrell Evans is the manager. They were a member of the Arizona Winter League, a short-season instructional winter league affiliated with the Golden Baseball League in 2008 and 2009, making the playoffs and championship game both seasons, before losing to the Blythe Heat and Yuma Scorpions respectively. The Chill ownership created a brand new winter league in 2010, the\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Chill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5631452\",\n \"text\": \"Ethel Merman and Ray Middleton. During the song, they argue playfully about who can, for example, sing softer, sing higher, sing sweeter, and hold a note for longer, and boast of their abilities and accomplishments, such as opening safes and living on bread and cheese, although Annie always seems to counter Frank's argument. Neither can \\\"bake a pie,\\\" though. Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better) \\\"Anything You Can Do\\\" is a song composed by Irving Berlin for the 1946 Broadway musical \\\"Annie Get Your Gun\\\". The song is a duet, with one male singer and one female singer\",\n \"title\": \"Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20155752\",\n \"text\": \"performed it on \\\"Sommarkrysset\\\" and during RIX FM Festival concerts. A music video for the song was released onto YouTube on 12 May 2017. It was filmed in Cyprus and directed by Konrad Aksinowicz. The video sees Margaret as a star of a video game. What You Do (song) \\\"What You Do\\\" is a song recorded by Polish singer Margaret for her third studio album, \\\"Monkey Business\\\" (2017). The song was written by Margaret, Arash Labaf, Robert Uhlmann, Anderz Wrethov and Thomas Karlsson, and produced by Uhlmann, Labaf and Wrethov, with co-production from Alex Papaconstantinou. \\\"What You Do\\\" was released\",\n \"title\": \"What You Do (song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18937831\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Mean? \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \\\"Poo Bear\\\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \\\"What Do You Mean?\\\" is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and \\\"slick beat\\\" elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Mean?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20249674\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Think About the Car? What Do You Think About the Car? is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter and musician Declan McKenna. It was released worldwide on 21 July 2017, through Columbia Records. \\\"What Do You Think About the Car?\\\" has been described as featuring indie rock throughout. In 2015, at age 15, McKenna won the Glastonbury Festival's Emerging Talent Competition, and started writing songs for the album soon after, while still in school. Writing went on for 2 years. McKenna says, \\\"There were a lot of changes, and I think you can hear that within\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Think About the Car?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17305198\",\n \"text\": \"commercial came out before the album. Then the LP was released and the first single which was 'Roll With It'. Six weeks later the second single was due to be released which was the song they used for the commercial. They started putting the commercial on the TV \\\"before\\\" the single was out. It looked like I had written a beer jingle!\\\" \\\"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\\\" was released in 1988 as the second international single from \\\"Roll With It\\\". In the United States, the song peaked at number six on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and spent\",\n \"title\": \"Don't You Know What the Night Can Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14121332\",\n \"text\": \"What Faith Can Do \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" is a song by American Christian rock band Kutless from their 2009 album of the same name \\\"It Is Well\\\". It was released on September 24, 2009, as the lead single. The song became the group's first Hot Christian Songs No. 1, staying there for eight weeks. It lasted 47 weeks on the overall chart. The song is played in a D major key at 138 beats per minute. \\\"What Faith Can Do\\\" was released on September 24, 2009, as the lead single for their sixth studio album \\\"It Is Well\\\". The\",\n \"title\": \"What Faith Can Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8600738\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs High School Palm Springs High School is a public high school for grades 9 through 12 located in Palm Springs, California as part of the Palm Springs Unified School District. It was built in 1938 in an effort led by city pioneer Nellie Coffman. Palm Springs High School is in the Desert Valley League, which also includes Cathedral City High School, Coachella Valley High School, Indio High School, La Quinta High School and Palm Desert High School. Palm Springs High School football won their first California Interscholastic Federation championship in the fall of 2009. Boys varsity football won\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8907018\",\n \"text\": \"small. The nearest Elementary School was in Desert Hot Springs K-6, Junior High and High Schools were in Palm Springs. North Palm Springs, California North Palm Springs is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. North Palm Springs is located at the intersection of Dillon Road and North Indian Canyon Drive near the northern border of Palm Springs, south of Interstate 10. In the 1950s and early 1960s North Palm Springs hosted several businesses including a shoe repair shop, coin laundry, 2 bars that served basic burgers etc. one of which is still open under a new name,\",\n \"title\": \"North Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8727974\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs Angels The Palm Springs Angels were a minor league baseball team of the Class A California League from 1986 to 1993 and an affiliate of the California Angels. They began in 1986 when the Redwood Pioneers relocated to Palm Springs and they relocated to Lake Elsinore, California after the 1993 season and became the Lake Elsinore Storm. The team was brought to this desert city in 1986 (formerly the Redwood Pioneers), where the major league team under country music legend and team owner Gene Autry had the Angels use Palm Springs as a spring training camp in Palm\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Angels\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12311406\",\n \"text\": \"California Winter League, to offer more opportunities for aspiring players to flourish. They will be joined by the Coachella Valley Snowbirds, the Palm Desert Coyotes and the Canada A's. Former Major Leaguer and former Victoria Seals manager Darrell Evans was named commissioner of this new league. Arizona Winter League: California Winter League: Tundra is the official mascot of the Palm Springs Chill. During the 2012 California Winter League baseball season the Palm Springs Chill started to become very popular in the Palm Springs area. Due to the success of the Palm Springs Power college baseball team in the summer the\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Chill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12912649\",\n \"text\": \"specialized network-based titles of other network newsmagazines aired in the form of episode compilations on cable channels such as \\\"Dateline on ID\\\" and \\\"48 Hours on ID\\\" on Investigation Discovery). Reruns of the program began airing on HLN in 2013, as part of the cable news channel's primetime schedule. In the United States, the show can be seen on A&E since 2015. 2014 Season 2015 Season What Would You Do? (2008 TV program) What Would You Do?, formerly known as Primetime: What Would You Do? through the program's fifth season, is an American situational hidden camera television program that has\",\n \"title\": \"What Would You Do? (2008 TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11917806\",\n \"text\": \"You Can Do Anything You Can Do Anything is the third and final album by the English rock band The Zutons. It was produced by Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles with producer George Drakoulias (The Black Crowes/Primal Scream/Tom Petty) and was released on Monday 2 June 2008 in the United Kingdom. \\\"You Can Do Anything\\\" was released after the departure of original lead guitarist Boyan Chowdhury, and is the first album to feature the band's new lead guitarist Paul Molloy. The album was preceded by the first single \\\"Always Right Behind You\\\", which was released on 26 May 2008.\",\n \"title\": \"You Can Do Anything\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8383172\",\n \"text\": \"'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) 'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) is a song written by jazz musicians Melvin \\\"Sy\\\" Oliver and James \\\"Trummy\\\" Young. It was first recorded in 1939 by Jimmie Lunceford, Harry James, and Ella Fitzgerald, and again the same year by Nat Gonella and His Georgians. The \\\"shim sham\\\" is often danced to the Lunceford recording of this song. The jazz tune was transformed into a pop song with ska elements in 1982. With the title slightly altered to \\\"It Ain't What You Do...\\\", it\",\n \"title\": \"'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1034163\",\n \"text\": \"at 2.4% of all residents. The community is named after Palm Springs Estates, an unincorporated community surrounded by the City of Hialeah, just a few miles south. Public schools that serve Palm Springs North are: Private schools that serve Palm Springs North are: Palm Springs North, Florida Palm Springs North is a census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,253 at the 2010 census. Palm Springs North is located at (25.932904, -80.332871). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs North, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20608310\",\n \"text\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album) Do What You Wanna Do is the fifth studio album by the Masters Apprentices, released in November 1988 on Virgin Records. It was the group's first album in 17 years since \\\"A Toast To Panama Red\\\". In the early 1980s there was a revival of interest in the Masters Apprentices due partly to rock historian Glenn A. Baker, who featured the band for his \\\"Rock & Roll Trivia Show\\\" on Sydney radio's Triple J, which in turn led to the release of a definitive compilation LP, \\\"Hands of Time\\\" by Baker's Raven Records in\",\n \"title\": \"Do What You Wanna Do (album)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8496502\",\n \"text\": \"The Saint in Palm Springs The Saint in Palm Springs is a crime melodrama released by RKO Pictures in early 1941. The film continued the screen adventures of the Robin Hood-inspired anti-hero, Simon Templar, alias \\\"The Saint\\\", created by Leslie Charteris. This sequel was based upon a story by Charteris; however, many changes to his concept were made. Charteris later novelised his version of the film story as the novella \\\"Palm Springs\\\", contained within the collection \\\"The Saint Goes West\\\". This was the sixth of eight in RKO's film series about The Saint. The central cast was identical to the\",\n \"title\": \"The Saint in Palm Springs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14121333\",\n \"text\": \"song's purpose is to encourage the listener that God's power is real and what is can do for you. The band's lead singer, Jon Micah Sumrall, told NewReleaseToday more behind the track,\\\"That song seems to be an example of touching people and us as a band in the 'right place at the right time.' The song is all about putting all of our hope and trust in God, and the song is encouraging to us as a band. We've had some crazy things happen to us this past year, and the song reminds me of that picture of the two\",\n \"title\": \"What Faith Can Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1040801\",\n \"text\": \"Road 882 (locally known as Forest Hill Boulevard) moves west-east near the village's northern boundary. Two entrance and exit ramps for Interstate 95 are located along state roads 802 and 882, just outside the village limits. Several Palm Tran routes serve Palm Springs. Palm Springs, Florida Palm Springs is a village in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, situated between Greenacres, Lake Clarke Shores, Lake Worth, and West Palm Beach. As of the 2010 United States Census, had a population of 18,928. It is a minor city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to an estimated 6,012,331 people\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959824\",\n \"text\": \"in Californian place names, it usually refers to the native California fan palm, \\\"Washingtonia filifera\\\", which is abundant in the Palm Springs area. Other early names were \\\"Palmetto Spring\\\" and \\\"Big Palm Springs\\\". The first European resident in Palm Springs itself was Jack Summers, who ran the stagecoach station on the Bradshaw Trail in 1862. Fourteen years later (1876), the Southern Pacific railroad was laid 6 miles to the north, isolating the station. In 1880, local Indian Pedro Chino was selling parcels near the springs to William Van Slyke and Mathew Bryne in a series of questionable transactions; they in\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959877\",\n \"text\": \"Coachella Valley. The last documented Jaguar sighting in Palm Springs, was in 1860.|| Palm Springs, California Palm Springs (Cahuilla: Se-Khi) is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately east of San Bernardino, east of Los Angeles, northeast of San Diego, and west of Phoenix, Arizona. The population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately , making it the largest city in the county by land area. Biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959817\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs, California Palm Springs (Cahuilla: Se-Khi) is a desert resort city in Riverside County, California, United States, within the Coachella Valley. It is located approximately east of San Bernardino, east of Los Angeles, northeast of San Diego, and west of Phoenix, Arizona. The population was 44,552 as of the 2010 census. Palm Springs covers approximately , making it the largest city in the county by land area. Biking, golf, hiking, horseback riding, swimming, and tennis in the nearby desert and mountain areas are major forms of recreation in Palm Springs. The city is also known for its mid-century modern\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9964005\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs station Palm Springs is a train station in Palm Springs, California, United States, served by Amtrak, the national railroad passenger system. The \\\"Sunset Limited\\\" and the \\\"Texas Eagle\\\", combined, provide a thrice-weekly service in each direction. This is not a full-service station. The station comprises a single platform and an open-air shelter with a roof. It was built in 1999, and the property is owned by the City of Palm Springs. No services are offered at this unmanned station. Although there is a restroom, its door appears to be permanently locked and thus the restroom is not available\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1040800\",\n \"text\": \"located in Palm Springs. The village is also home to G-Star School of the Arts, which is a charter school and the largest high school for acting, animation, and film in the United States. The Palm Springs Public Library is located in the Village Government Complex. State Road 802 (locally known as Lake Worth Road) passes east-west near the southern end of the village. Congress Avenue (designated as State Road 807) is a north-south oriented road close to the eastern boundary of Palm Springs. The far western edges of Palm Springs border Military Trail (designated as State Road 809). State\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959872\",\n \"text\": \"market. Additionally, Palm Springs and the surrounding area are served by AM and FM radio stations including the following: The city's library was started in 1924 and financed by Martha Hitchcock. It expanded in 1940 on land donated to the newly incorporated city by Dr. Welwood Murray and was financed through the efforts of Thomas O'Donnell. The present site now operates as a branch library, research library for the Palm Springs Historical Society, and tourism office for the Palm Springs Bureau of Tourism. One of the first transportation routes for Palm Springs was on the Bradshaw Trail, an historic overland\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959837\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs counted just 19 courses, which had grown to 125 by 2010. Similar to the pre-war era, Palm Springs remained popular with the rich and famous of Hollywood, as well as retirees and Canadian tourists. Between 1947 and 1965, the Alexander Construction Company built some 2,200 houses in Palm Springs effectively doubling its housing capacity. As the 1970s drew to a close, increasing numbers of retirees moved to the Coachella Valley. As a result, Palm Springs began to evolve from a virtual ghost town in the summer to a year-round community. Businesses and hotels that used to close for\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16793656\",\n \"text\": \"Palm Springs (film) Palm Springs (alternate title: Palm Springs Affair) is a 1936 film directed by Aubrey Scotto which features an early performance by David Niven. A father and daughter pair who love to gamble throw a party one night in her honor before shoving off to finishing school. When she gets to the school, she’s caught gambling and is expelled. While she tries to locate her father in Palm Springs, California, she meets a cowboy named Slim and a wealthy gentleman named George Brittel. He also has an aunt who is very against gambling. But still the same her\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11917807\",\n \"text\": \"It entered the Official UK Albums Chart at No.6. The album leaked to file sharing websites three days before the release date, on Friday 30 May. You Can Do Anything You Can Do Anything is the third and final album by the English rock band The Zutons. It was produced by Sunset Sound Studios in Los Angeles with producer George Drakoulias (The Black Crowes/Primal Scream/Tom Petty) and was released on Monday 2 June 2008 in the United Kingdom. \\\"You Can Do Anything\\\" was released after the departure of original lead guitarist Boyan Chowdhury, and is the first album to feature\",\n \"title\": \"You Can Do Anything\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7190839\",\n \"text\": \"You Can Do It \\\"You Can Do It\\\" is a song by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released as the second single from the \\\"Next Friday\\\" soundtrack. The song features Ice Cube's Westside Connection bandmate Mack 10, as well as rapper Ms. Toi. \\\"You Can Do It\\\" later used as the lead single on Cube's sixth studio album, \\\"War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc)\\\". The song also appears on his \\\"Greatest Hits\\\" and \\\"In the Movies\\\" compilations. It would also appear on the double platinum \\\"Save the Last Dance\\\". The song became Ice Cube's sixth and final\",\n \"title\": \"You Can Do It\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9964007\",\n \"text\": \"8-9 passengers daily, making Palm Springs the 71st-busiest of the 74 stations served by Amtrak in California in FY2013. Following the 2016 schedule change for the Sunset Limited and Texas Eagle, inbound trains only depart at 2:02am and outbound trains arrive at 12:36am, making ridership decrease sharply through 2016-18. Greyhound Bus Lines also has a stop (no ticketing) at the station. Palm Springs station Palm Springs is a train station in Palm Springs, California, United States, served by Amtrak, the national railroad passenger system. The \\\"Sunset Limited\\\" and the \\\"Texas Eagle\\\", combined, provide a thrice-weekly service in each direction. This\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs station\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959856\",\n \"text\": \"has the fifth-highest percentage of same-sex households in the nation. Former mayor Ron Oden estimated that about a third of Palm Springs is gay. Over various times, the city has catered to LGBT tourists with an increasing amount of clothing-optional resorts and events. Palm Springs is host to the Greater Palm Springs Pride Celebration. This celebration, held every year in November, includes events such as the Palm Springs Pride Golf Classic, the Stonewall Equality Concert, and a Broadway in Drag Pageant. The city also held same-sex wedding ceremonies at the iconic 'Forever Marilyn' statue located downtown, before its relocation in\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8600740\",\n \"text\": \"round in the California Interscholastic Federation with all returning freshman now juniors. Boys varsity basketball won 4 straight DVL titles from 2010–2013. In 2013, they made it to first round of CIF. Boys soccer went undefeated in the 2012–2013 season retaining the DVL title, since 1999. Palm Springs High School Palm Springs High School is a public high school for grades 9 through 12 located in Palm Springs, California as part of the Palm Springs Unified School District. It was built in 1938 in an effort led by city pioneer Nellie Coffman. Palm Springs High School is in the Desert\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3300991\",\n \"text\": \"was stopped before the outcome and Summers asked the audience to vote on either what they would do in the same situation or what the outcome would be. After the results were tallied, the outcome was played. Special guests, usually performers from other Universal Studios attractions, appeared on \\\"What Would You Do?\\\" and picked audience members to perform gross, silly or extraordinary stunts. Stunts could involve handling animals, playing a very messy version of Twister barefoot, painting, dancing or creating sound effects. Additional segments included contests between two selected audience members (\\\"Anything You Can Do\\\"). These contests ranged from who\",\n \"title\": \"What Would You Do? (1991 TV program)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8907017\",\n \"text\": \"North Palm Springs, California North Palm Springs is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. North Palm Springs is located at the intersection of Dillon Road and North Indian Canyon Drive near the northern border of Palm Springs, south of Interstate 10. In the 1950s and early 1960s North Palm Springs hosted several businesses including a shoe repair shop, coin laundry, 2 bars that served basic burgers etc. one of which is still open under a new name, Chinese Restaurant, and a gas station that was connected to a restaurant/bar. There was one general store type market very\",\n \"title\": \"North Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2767397\",\n \"text\": \"What Do You Know, Deutschland? What Do You Know, Deutschland? is the second album by KMFDM, released in 1986. The album was recorded in Hamburg, Germany. \\\"What Do You Know, Deutschland?\\\" was recorded from 1983–86, with some tracks recorded before En Esch had started working with KMFDM founders Sascha Konietzko and Raymond Watts, some even before the band officially formed in 1984. Originally released by Z Records in Germany in 1986 with different artwork, the album was re-released, including songs from the \\\"Kickin' Ass\\\" single, in 1987 by SkySaw Records in the United Kingdom. In 1991, Wax Trax! Records released\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Know, Deutschland?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2767399\",\n \"text\": \"version was released by Wax Trax! in 1991 (without the track \\\"Zip\\\"), and remastered by Metropolis in 2006 (with \\\"Zip\\\" reinstated). What Do You Know, Deutschland? What Do You Know, Deutschland? is the second album by KMFDM, released in 1986. The album was recorded in Hamburg, Germany. \\\"What Do You Know, Deutschland?\\\" was recorded from 1983–86, with some tracks recorded before En Esch had started working with KMFDM founders Sascha Konietzko and Raymond Watts, some even before the band officially formed in 1984. Originally released by Z Records in Germany in 1986 with different artwork, the album was re-released, including\",\n \"title\": \"What Do You Know, Deutschland?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3258550\",\n \"text\": \"at the Mountain Station. It was produced by Palm Springs television station KESQ-TV with voiceovers provided by Palm Springs radio personalities. The view at the top can stretch northward for more than on a clear day, all the way to Mount Charleston north of Las Vegas, Nevada. Views to the east and west can stretch as far as . California's Salton Sea is plainly visible to the southeast. As it was in 1963, the only way up the mountain to deliver supplies and water is via the aerial-tram cars themselves. Supplies are loaded into the passenger area before the attraction's\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Aerial Tramway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10438573\",\n \"text\": \"What Good Can Drinkin' Do \\\"What Good Can Drinkin' Do\\\" is a blues song by Janis Joplin, the first song she ever recorded. The song has six verses, following the 12-bar blues pattern. Lyrics in the first and last verse are almost identical: \\\"What good can drinkin' do ?\\\" is sung twice, then answered with \\\"Lord, I drink all night but the next day I still feel blue.\\\" Recordings of this song can be heard on Early Performances, or on the box set \\\"Janis\\\". \\\"Record Collector\\\" cites her intro to the song: \\\"Up steps a feisty young woman, one month\",\n \"title\": \"What Good Can Drinkin' Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9959860\",\n \"text\": \"evening event, drawing tourists and locals alike to Palm Canyon Drive to stroll amid the food and craft vendors. Events related to films and film-craft are sponsored by the Desert Film Society. The city council has established a 7-member commission to promote art in the city. The commission has sponsored several notable public art projects in the city, including: Numerous galleries and studios are located in the city and region. The California Art Club has a chapter in Palm Springs. The Desert Art Center of Coachella Valley was established in Palm Springs in 1950. Palm Springs is home to the\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8651500\",\n \"text\": \"a possible site of interest for the independent Golden Baseball League later became the North American League in 2010, before the league folded. However, the current tenant, the Palm Springs Power, draw in more fans and local media than previous baseball teams. In 2018 the Palm Springs Collegiate League has taken residence at the stadium. The Palm Springs Chill is the founder of the California Winter League (2010) who used to play in the Arizona Winter League, and their 5 opponents are the Canada A's, Coachella Valley Snowbirds, Palm Desert Coyotes, and Blythe Heat-later replaced by the Washington BlueSox. The\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Stadium\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8727976\",\n \"text\": \"a new spring training facility in Tempe, Arizona. Former Palm Spring Angels players include Pete Rose, Jr., Dante Bichette, J. T. Snow, Tim Salmon, Garret Anderson, Troy Percival and Jim Edmonds. Palm Springs Angels The Palm Springs Angels were a minor league baseball team of the Class A California League from 1986 to 1993 and an affiliate of the California Angels. They began in 1986 when the Redwood Pioneers relocated to Palm Springs and they relocated to Lake Elsinore, California after the 1993 season and became the Lake Elsinore Storm. The team was brought to this desert city in 1986\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs Angels\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9039756\",\n \"text\": \"What Will You Do When You Catch Me? What Will You Do When You Catch Me? is the English title of \\\"Co mi zrobisz, jak mnie złapiesz?\\\" a Polish comedy film released in 1978, directed by Stanisław Bareja. Tadeusz Krzakoski (Krzysztof Kowalewski), the director of a failing state-owned company, is married with problems. His mistress, the daughter of a Communist party bigwig, says she's pregnant and Tadeusz knows he'll have to marry her to save his reputation and his job. But divorce is never simple and Bareja's screwball comedies are never boring. \\\"What Will You Do\\\" shares many themes in\",\n \"title\": \"What Will You Do When You Catch Me?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8383175\",\n \"text\": \"Some reissues of the album also include the \\\"Just Do It\\\" section as a separate trac. 'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) 'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It) is a song written by jazz musicians Melvin \\\"Sy\\\" Oliver and James \\\"Trummy\\\" Young. It was first recorded in 1939 by Jimmie Lunceford, Harry James, and Ella Fitzgerald, and again the same year by Nat Gonella and His Georgians. The \\\"shim sham\\\" is often danced to the Lunceford recording of this song. The jazz tune was transformed into a pop song with\",\n \"title\": \"'Tain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1040792\",\n \"text\": \"Silvers (D) of the Florida House of Representatives's 87th district and Lori Berman (D) of the Florida Senate's 31st district. Nationally, the village is served by Lois Frankel (D) of Florida's 21st congressional district and U.S. Senators Bill Nelson (D) and Marco Rubio (R). In 1957, Florida House of Representatives member Ralph Blank, Jr. of Palm Beach County introduced legislation to establish the village of Palm Springs. The bill passed unanimously and Palm Springs was chartered on July 4, 1957. The village was likely named after the resort city of Palm Springs, California. Originally, the townsite mainly consisted of about\",\n \"title\": \"Palm Springs, Florida\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12689146\",\n \"text\": \"for those who can't get enough of those heady days of the early- to mid-'70s when an artist could still go into the studio and make an album like this, Nobody Knows What You Do will speak to the inner hippie-hillbilly.\\\" All tracks composed by John Hartford; except where indicated Nobody Knows What You Do Nobody Knows What You Do is an album by John Hartford, released in 1976. After recording the minimalist \\\"Mark Twang\\\", Hartford returned to the studio with a band. The new material leaned more toward country-rock than bluegrass, which he would continue with 1977's Dillard Hartford\",\n \"title\": \"Nobody Knows What You Do\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338140\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \\\"My Apple Heart,\\\" \\\"Lay Me Down\\\" and \\\"Something's Happenin'.\\\" \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the fabulous palm springs follies","palm springs air museum","living desert zoo and gardens","palm springs walk of stars","the palm springs art museum","knott's soak city","tahquitz canyon","palm springs aerial tramway","moorten botanical garden and cactarium","san jacinto mountains"],"string":"[\n \"the fabulous palm springs follies\",\n \"palm springs air museum\",\n \"living desert zoo and gardens\",\n \"palm springs walk of stars\",\n \"the palm springs art museum\",\n \"knott's soak city\",\n \"tahquitz canyon\",\n \"palm springs aerial tramway\",\n \"moorten botanical garden and cactarium\",\n \"san jacinto mountains\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":888,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is red lake ontario?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"15749870","text":"Red Lake Road, Ontario Red Lake Road is an unincorporated place and community in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is named for the road, today's Ontario Highway 105, that runs from the community of Vermilion Bay in the south to the town of Red Lake in the north. Red Lake Road is at the junction of Highway 105 with the eastern terminus of Ontario Highway 609, which runs west to the community of Quibell and onward to its northern terminus at Clay Lake. Red Lake Road railway station is in the community. The station is on the","title":"Red Lake Road, Ontario"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15749870\",\n \"text\": \"Red Lake Road, Ontario Red Lake Road is an unincorporated place and community in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is named for the road, today's Ontario Highway 105, that runs from the community of Vermilion Bay in the south to the town of Red Lake in the north. Red Lake Road is at the junction of Highway 105 with the eastern terminus of Ontario Highway 609, which runs west to the community of Quibell and onward to its northern terminus at Clay Lake. Red Lake Road railway station is in the community. The station is on the\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake Road, Ontario\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"6567359","text":"Madsen and Starratt-Olsen. Only one highway in the province, the secondary Highway 599, extends further north than the terminus of Highway 125. The town acts as a cargo, passenger and tourism hub for Northwestern Ontario. With Pickle Lake, Red Lake services over twenty northern fly-in communities. Today, Red Lake Airport is a \"mini-hub\" facilitating travel to and from all northern communities in Northwestern Ontario. Four airway companies take advantage of Red Lake's close proximity to the northern communities. North Star Air, Bearskin Airlines, Superior Airways, and Wasaya Airways all operate out of \"YRL\". Red Lake has the Red Lake Regional","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"6567358","text":"surrounding the town, small scale logging and a tourism sector specializing in hunting and fishing. It is known as the \"Norseman Capital of the World\", referring to the Noorduyn Norseman aircraft which played a significant role in the development of the area. Red Lake is located at the northern terminus of Highway 105, and is the northernmost town in Ontario that is located on a primary King's Highway. A short spur route, Highway 125, extends northerly from Highway 105 to the communities of Balmertown, Cochenour and McKenzie Island, while Highway 618 extends westerly from Highway 105 to the communities of","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"6567360","text":"Heritage Centre, a museum of local art and history, and is close to Woodland Caribou Provincial Park and Pakwash Provincial Park. Some local restaurants are Antonio's, Spud&Dog, and The Howey. Red Lake is a prime location for summer sport fishing, as the lake contains several types of fish including walleye, northern pike, lake trout, whitefish and sauger. Other popular recreational summer activities include golfing at the Red Lake Golf and Country Club, swimming at Rahill and Kinsmen Beach, and even exploring the many bays and arms of Red Lake by boat. Hunting is another activity in the region that attracts","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"17284951","text":"leases in the area as well. Wolf Lake (Ontario) Wolf Lake is a freshwater lake in the Sudbury District Census Division in the Canadian province of Ontario. The lake is located in the Wolf Lake Forest Preserve which is within (but, as of this date, not part of) the Chiniguchi River Waterway Provincial Park, a protected area. The Wolf Lake Forest Preserve contains the world's largest remaining old-growth red pine forest; with trees estimated to be between 140 and 300 years old. In March 2012, the provincial government reaffirmed the protected status of Wolf Lake Old Growth Forest Reserve but","title":"Wolf Lake (Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"17284950","text":"Wolf Lake (Ontario) Wolf Lake is a freshwater lake in the Sudbury District Census Division in the Canadian province of Ontario. The lake is located in the Wolf Lake Forest Preserve which is within (but, as of this date, not part of) the Chiniguchi River Waterway Provincial Park, a protected area. The Wolf Lake Forest Preserve contains the world's largest remaining old-growth red pine forest; with trees estimated to be between 140 and 300 years old. In March 2012, the provincial government reaffirmed the protected status of Wolf Lake Old Growth Forest Reserve but in late May renewed the mining","title":"Wolf Lake (Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"6567355","text":"other. By 1941, the Howey Mine had produced 421,592 ounces of gold. Hasaga Gold Mines produced 218,213 ounces over 14 years. McKenzie Red Lake Gold Mines produced 651,156 ounces by 1966, the Madsen Mine produced 2,416,609 ounces by 1976, and the Cochenour-Willans Mine produced 1,244,279 ounces by 1971. Jack Hammell developed Uchi Lake which produced 114,467 ounces by 1943. H. Dewitt Smith developed the Berens River, which produced 157,341 ounces by 1948. George Campbell started the second Red Lake gold rush in 1949 with the development of Campbell Red Lake Mines. It produced a peak of 300,472 ounces in 1993,","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"6567356","text":"the same year cumulative production reached 8,000,000 ounces. The Dickenson Red Lake Gold Mine had produced 3,000,000 ounces of gold by 1993. In 1995 Goldcorp, owners of the Red Lake Mine, discovered that it contains the world's richest grade gold ore (two troy ounces of gold per metric ton). Shortly thereafter, the mine suffered through a four-year-long miners' strike. Since then, the mine has become one of the richest gold mines in the world. Population trend: The climate of the area is (Köppen \"Dfb\"). Snow usually starts falling around late October or early November, and starts melting around March but","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"6567352","text":"the town comes from a local legend telling of two men from the Chippewa tribe who stumbled across a large moose. They then proceeded in killing the moose, the blood of which drained into a nearby lake. This turned the lake's waters red in colour, which gave the area its name. According to archeological surveys in the area, it is proposed that the First Nations people have inhabited the Red Lake area for 2,000 years. The first people to live in the land were members of the Sioux and Cree tribes. Approximately 200–300 years ago the Ojibwe people began to","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"7144985","text":"Lake Ontario Shore Railroad The Lake Ontario Shore Railroad (LOSRR) was a short-lived common carrier railroad in New York that was absorbed by the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. The LOSRR was chartered to be built from Suspension Bridge, New York to Oswego, New York in 1858. The Lake Ontario Shore Railroad Company was founded in Oswego on March 27, 1868. Under Chief Engineer James Ross, work commenced in August 1871 in Red Creek, New York. Tracks were open to Oswego, New York in 1873. Despite heavy support from on-line and planned on-line communities, the LOSRR was unable to handle","title":"Lake Ontario Shore Railroad"},{"psg_id":"14395538","text":"(Hastings County, Ontario)|Mud Creek]] from [[Paddy's Lake (Hastings County)|Paddy's Lake]] at the southwest is the only named one. The other five unnamed creek inflows are: two at the northwest, one at the north, one at the northeast and one at the east. The primary outflow is [[Bass Creek (Hastings County, Ontario)|Bass Creek]] to [[Limerick Lake]], which flows via [[Beaver Creek (Hastings County, Ontario)|Beaver Creek]], the [[Crowe River]] and the Trent River to the [[Bay of Quinte]] on Lake Ontario at [[Trenton, Ontario|Trenton]]. [[Steenburg Lake, Ontario|Steenburg Lake]] is on the northwest bay. [[Category:Lakes of Hastings County]] Steenburg Lake (Ontario) Steenburg Lake","title":"Steenburg Lake (Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"6567361","text":"tourism, especially during the fall season. Red Lake is known for its abundance of game in the District, including moose, ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, duck, and bear. Some citizens even participate in the fur industry with established trapping lines interspersed throughout the local forests. The gray wolf, white-tailed deer, red fox, beaver, and many bird species also inhabit the area. The town received international attention when a vegan resident of the town, Christine Loughead, rescued a lobster she named Lobby Joe, from being killed, by buying it from a grocery store it was up for sale. She then arranged for","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"20215729","text":"birds. The original lighthouse was the first built in what came to be known as the \"\"schoolhouse style\"\", where the lighthouse tower was integrated into the lightkeeper's cottage. The current lighthouse is a steel frame. Pigeon Island (Lake Ontario) Pigeon Island is a small island, in Lake Ontario, near Kingston Ontario. The island had been a navigational hazard since the founding of Kingston, Ontario. A lighthouse was first built on Pigeon Island in 1870. Vessels wrecked on or near the island, prior to the construction of the lighthouse, include: the \"General Brock\" wrecked in 1846; the \"Royal Susan\", in 1853;","title":"Pigeon Island (Lake Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"13554954","text":"Lake and an unnamed pond from north to south. The primary outflow is Net Creek, towards Petrault Lake, at the southwest corner of the lake, which eventually flows via Net Lake, Cassels Lake, Rabbit Lake, the Matabitchuan River, Lake Timiskaming, and the Ottawa River into the Saint Lawrence River. The Ontario Northland Railway mainline runs along the entire west side of the lake; the stops/settlements of Freeman and Rib Lake are on west shore. Ontario Highway 11 (Frontier Route) and the TransCanada pipeline run just west of the lake. Other map sources: Rib Lake (Ontario) Rib Lake is a long","title":"Rib Lake (Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"239917","text":"the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan. Lake Ontario is the easternmost of the Great Lakes and the smallest in surface area (7,340 sq mi, 18,960 km), although it exceeds Lake Erie in volume (393 cu mi, 1,639 km). It is the 14th largest lake in the world. When its islands are included, the lake's shoreline is long. As the last lake in the Great Lakes'","title":"Lake Ontario"},{"psg_id":"6567354","text":"and Herbert Tyrell staked what would become McMarmac Mine on McKenzie Island. In 1925, Lorne and Ray Howey, along with brother-in-law George McNeely, plus W.F. Morgan staked claims which became the Howey and Hasaga Mines. Marius Madsen staked claims which became the Madsen Mine. The McDonough brothers staked the future Red Lake Gold Shore Mines. The town experienced a sudden surge of economic, industrial, and population growth with the discovery of gold in 1926. In fact, by 1936, Red Lake's Howey Bay was the busiest airport in the world, with more flights landing and taking off per hour than any","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"12304810","text":"Sunfish Lake (Ontario) Sunfish Lake is a small, 25 hectare meromictic lake located north-west of Waterloo, Ontario in the village of St. Agatha in northern Wilmot Township, and is the source of Laurel Creek. It is one of a few meromictic lakes in Ontario, that is, its deep bottom waters (21 metres or 70 feet) are totally devoid of oxygen. The surface and bottom layers do not mix, and the lake is vulnerable to environmental damage. Restrictions on lake use include no motorized boats, no fertilizer or pesticide use, and regular septic tank inspections. Sunfish Lake is often compared to","title":"Sunfish Lake (Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"6567357","text":"is not normally fully melted until late April, whilst late-season snow in May is not rare. This long winter is ideal for the local snowmobilers and for ice fishing though during this period, although the wind is often very cold and temperatures may drop to below . During winter, residents and visitors participate in snowmobiling, ice fishing, skiing, ice hockey, and downhill sliding. During the summer, the area experiences a moderate climate with little humidity, which is ideal for camping, boating, canoeing, and hiking. The three primary sources of employment in Red Lake are support services for the numerous mines","title":"Red Lake, Ontario"},{"psg_id":"7613731","text":"end of the parkway and NY 18 is unsigned New York State Route 948A. The parkway mainline and the connector to NY 18 are both part of the Seaway Trail, a National Scenic Byway that extends along the shores of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario from northwestern Pennsylvania to the North Country of New York. The Lake Ontario State Parkway passes through mostly open and rural areas, except near Greece and Rochester, where the land surrounding the highway is more developed. It serves mostly as a connector between Rochester and several lakeside state parks and communities. From its western terminus","title":"Lake Ontario State Parkway"},{"psg_id":"9850331","text":"Cameron Lake (Ontario) Cameron Lake, Ontario is one of the Kawartha Lakes and is a lake bordering the town of Fenelon Falls and is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway. The lake is some long by wide and is quite deep, reaching in places. The lake lies between locks 34 & 35 on the Trent-Severn Waterway. Much of the side of the lake is taken up with housing and is a popular place to live. The town of Fenelon Falls is found between Sturgeon Lake and Cameron Lake. The lake is popular with boaters and fisherman. Fish found in the lake","title":"Cameron Lake (Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"239938","text":"Chinook salmon) rather than the native species. Bald eagle and osprey populations are also beginning to recover. Invasive species are a problem for Lake Ontario, particularly lamprey and zebra mussels. Lamprey are being controlled by poisoning in the juvenile stage in the streams where they breed. Zebra mussels in particular are difficult to control, and pose major challenges for the lake and its waterways. The lake has a natural seiche rhythm of eleven minutes. The seiche effect normally is only about inches (2 cm) but can be greatly amplified by earth movement, winds, and atmospheric pressure changes. Because of its","title":"Lake Ontario"},{"psg_id":"11063118","text":"Lake Ontario Waterkeeper Lake Ontario Waterkeeper is a Toronto-based environmental justice advocacy group founded in 2001, with Lake Ontario, the Great Lakes Basin, and allied waterways at heart. It is a licensed member of the New York-based Waterkeeper Alliance, and a registered Canadian charity. It is led by President Mark Mattson, an environmental lawyer, and Vice President Krystyn Tully. In Summer of 2001 LOW triggered a $250 Million Federal Government remediation plan at Port Granby near Port Hope, Ontario. The dump, was established by Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited (and now managed by Cameco Corp.). In 2005 LOW campaigned the","title":"Lake Ontario Waterkeeper"},{"psg_id":"239925","text":"northern shores of Lake Ontario. When the Iroquois withdrew and the Anishnabeg / Ojibwa / Mississaugas moved in from the north to southern Ontario, they retained the Iroquois name. It is believed the first European to reach the lake was Étienne Brûlé in 1615. As was their practice, the French explorers introduced other names for the lake. In 1632 and 1656, the lake was referred to as Lac de St. Louis or Lake St. Louis by Samuel de Champlain and cartographer Nicolas Sanson respectively (likely for Louis XIV of France) In 1660 Jesuit historian Francis Creuxius coined the name \"Lacus","title":"Lake Ontario"},{"psg_id":"9850332","text":"include: In the lake are found the Lakers Islands (a.k.a. Boyd and Rathbun islands). The Burnt River and Rosedale River are tributaries of the lake. Cameron lake is not eutrophic because it has a high flushing rate which counteracts its high phosphorus loading. Cameron Lake (Ontario) Cameron Lake, Ontario is one of the Kawartha Lakes and is a lake bordering the town of Fenelon Falls and is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway. The lake is some long by wide and is quite deep, reaching in places. The lake lies between locks 34 & 35 on the Trent-Severn Waterway. Much of","title":"Cameron Lake (Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"13665564","text":"Silver Lake (Ontario) Silver Lake is a small lake near Coboconk, in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is the lowest lake on the Gull River watershed, supplying water to Balsam Lake at the top of the Trent-Severn Waterway. Like many other lakes in the Kawarthas, Silver Lake lies in a depression formed between the Precambrian granite to the north, and the Ordovician limestone to the south. Silver Lake is located along the Gull River and forms a portion of the boundary between the former townships of Somerville and Bexley. It is the southernmost lake in a chain of reservoirs","title":"Silver Lake (Ontario)"},{"psg_id":"10714911","text":"Red Lake (Arizona–New Mexico) Red Lake is a lake located next to Navajo, New Mexico, in the Red Valley in McKinley County, New Mexico, and Apache County, Arizona. The lake has a surface elevation of . Navajo, New Mexico, lies on the southeast corner of the lake. Red Lake is a small lake, only long, and only half as wide. It is mostly north–south and is bordered on the east by Reservation Route 12, a north stretch from Window Rock, Arizona to Navajo, New Mexico. Red Lake is located on the eastern border of the long north–south Defiance Plateau, where","title":"Red Lake (Arizona–New Mexico)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567359\",\n \"text\": \"Madsen and Starratt-Olsen. Only one highway in the province, the secondary Highway 599, extends further north than the terminus of Highway 125. The town acts as a cargo, passenger and tourism hub for Northwestern Ontario. With Pickle Lake, Red Lake services over twenty northern fly-in communities. Today, Red Lake Airport is a \\\"mini-hub\\\" facilitating travel to and from all northern communities in Northwestern Ontario. Four airway companies take advantage of Red Lake's close proximity to the northern communities. North Star Air, Bearskin Airlines, Superior Airways, and Wasaya Airways all operate out of \\\"YRL\\\". Red Lake has the Red Lake Regional\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567358\",\n \"text\": \"surrounding the town, small scale logging and a tourism sector specializing in hunting and fishing. It is known as the \\\"Norseman Capital of the World\\\", referring to the Noorduyn Norseman aircraft which played a significant role in the development of the area. Red Lake is located at the northern terminus of Highway 105, and is the northernmost town in Ontario that is located on a primary King's Highway. A short spur route, Highway 125, extends northerly from Highway 105 to the communities of Balmertown, Cochenour and McKenzie Island, while Highway 618 extends westerly from Highway 105 to the communities of\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567360\",\n \"text\": \"Heritage Centre, a museum of local art and history, and is close to Woodland Caribou Provincial Park and Pakwash Provincial Park. Some local restaurants are Antonio's, Spud&Dog, and The Howey. Red Lake is a prime location for summer sport fishing, as the lake contains several types of fish including walleye, northern pike, lake trout, whitefish and sauger. Other popular recreational summer activities include golfing at the Red Lake Golf and Country Club, swimming at Rahill and Kinsmen Beach, and even exploring the many bays and arms of Red Lake by boat. Hunting is another activity in the region that attracts\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17284951\",\n \"text\": \"leases in the area as well. Wolf Lake (Ontario) Wolf Lake is a freshwater lake in the Sudbury District Census Division in the Canadian province of Ontario. The lake is located in the Wolf Lake Forest Preserve which is within (but, as of this date, not part of) the Chiniguchi River Waterway Provincial Park, a protected area. The Wolf Lake Forest Preserve contains the world's largest remaining old-growth red pine forest; with trees estimated to be between 140 and 300 years old. In March 2012, the provincial government reaffirmed the protected status of Wolf Lake Old Growth Forest Reserve but\",\n \"title\": \"Wolf Lake (Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17284950\",\n \"text\": \"Wolf Lake (Ontario) Wolf Lake is a freshwater lake in the Sudbury District Census Division in the Canadian province of Ontario. The lake is located in the Wolf Lake Forest Preserve which is within (but, as of this date, not part of) the Chiniguchi River Waterway Provincial Park, a protected area. The Wolf Lake Forest Preserve contains the world's largest remaining old-growth red pine forest; with trees estimated to be between 140 and 300 years old. In March 2012, the provincial government reaffirmed the protected status of Wolf Lake Old Growth Forest Reserve but in late May renewed the mining\",\n \"title\": \"Wolf Lake (Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567355\",\n \"text\": \"other. By 1941, the Howey Mine had produced 421,592 ounces of gold. Hasaga Gold Mines produced 218,213 ounces over 14 years. McKenzie Red Lake Gold Mines produced 651,156 ounces by 1966, the Madsen Mine produced 2,416,609 ounces by 1976, and the Cochenour-Willans Mine produced 1,244,279 ounces by 1971. Jack Hammell developed Uchi Lake which produced 114,467 ounces by 1943. H. Dewitt Smith developed the Berens River, which produced 157,341 ounces by 1948. George Campbell started the second Red Lake gold rush in 1949 with the development of Campbell Red Lake Mines. It produced a peak of 300,472 ounces in 1993,\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567356\",\n \"text\": \"the same year cumulative production reached 8,000,000 ounces. The Dickenson Red Lake Gold Mine had produced 3,000,000 ounces of gold by 1993. In 1995 Goldcorp, owners of the Red Lake Mine, discovered that it contains the world's richest grade gold ore (two troy ounces of gold per metric ton). Shortly thereafter, the mine suffered through a four-year-long miners' strike. Since then, the mine has become one of the richest gold mines in the world. Population trend: The climate of the area is (Köppen \\\"Dfb\\\"). Snow usually starts falling around late October or early November, and starts melting around March but\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567352\",\n \"text\": \"the town comes from a local legend telling of two men from the Chippewa tribe who stumbled across a large moose. They then proceeded in killing the moose, the blood of which drained into a nearby lake. This turned the lake's waters red in colour, which gave the area its name. According to archeological surveys in the area, it is proposed that the First Nations people have inhabited the Red Lake area for 2,000 years. The first people to live in the land were members of the Sioux and Cree tribes. Approximately 200–300 years ago the Ojibwe people began to\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7144985\",\n \"text\": \"Lake Ontario Shore Railroad The Lake Ontario Shore Railroad (LOSRR) was a short-lived common carrier railroad in New York that was absorbed by the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. The LOSRR was chartered to be built from Suspension Bridge, New York to Oswego, New York in 1858. The Lake Ontario Shore Railroad Company was founded in Oswego on March 27, 1868. Under Chief Engineer James Ross, work commenced in August 1871 in Red Creek, New York. Tracks were open to Oswego, New York in 1873. Despite heavy support from on-line and planned on-line communities, the LOSRR was unable to handle\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Ontario Shore Railroad\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14395538\",\n \"text\": \"(Hastings County, Ontario)|Mud Creek]] from [[Paddy's Lake (Hastings County)|Paddy's Lake]] at the southwest is the only named one. The other five unnamed creek inflows are: two at the northwest, one at the north, one at the northeast and one at the east. The primary outflow is [[Bass Creek (Hastings County, Ontario)|Bass Creek]] to [[Limerick Lake]], which flows via [[Beaver Creek (Hastings County, Ontario)|Beaver Creek]], the [[Crowe River]] and the Trent River to the [[Bay of Quinte]] on Lake Ontario at [[Trenton, Ontario|Trenton]]. [[Steenburg Lake, Ontario|Steenburg Lake]] is on the northwest bay. [[Category:Lakes of Hastings County]] Steenburg Lake (Ontario) Steenburg Lake\",\n \"title\": \"Steenburg Lake (Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567361\",\n \"text\": \"tourism, especially during the fall season. Red Lake is known for its abundance of game in the District, including moose, ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, duck, and bear. Some citizens even participate in the fur industry with established trapping lines interspersed throughout the local forests. The gray wolf, white-tailed deer, red fox, beaver, and many bird species also inhabit the area. The town received international attention when a vegan resident of the town, Christine Loughead, rescued a lobster she named Lobby Joe, from being killed, by buying it from a grocery store it was up for sale. She then arranged for\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20215729\",\n \"text\": \"birds. The original lighthouse was the first built in what came to be known as the \\\"\\\"schoolhouse style\\\"\\\", where the lighthouse tower was integrated into the lightkeeper's cottage. The current lighthouse is a steel frame. Pigeon Island (Lake Ontario) Pigeon Island is a small island, in Lake Ontario, near Kingston Ontario. The island had been a navigational hazard since the founding of Kingston, Ontario. A lighthouse was first built on Pigeon Island in 1870. Vessels wrecked on or near the island, prior to the construction of the lighthouse, include: the \\\"General Brock\\\" wrecked in 1846; the \\\"Royal Susan\\\", in 1853;\",\n \"title\": \"Pigeon Island (Lake Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13554954\",\n \"text\": \"Lake and an unnamed pond from north to south. The primary outflow is Net Creek, towards Petrault Lake, at the southwest corner of the lake, which eventually flows via Net Lake, Cassels Lake, Rabbit Lake, the Matabitchuan River, Lake Timiskaming, and the Ottawa River into the Saint Lawrence River. The Ontario Northland Railway mainline runs along the entire west side of the lake; the stops/settlements of Freeman and Rib Lake are on west shore. Ontario Highway 11 (Frontier Route) and the TransCanada pipeline run just west of the lake. Other map sources: Rib Lake (Ontario) Rib Lake is a long\",\n \"title\": \"Rib Lake (Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"239917\",\n \"text\": \"the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan. Lake Ontario is the easternmost of the Great Lakes and the smallest in surface area (7,340 sq mi, 18,960 km), although it exceeds Lake Erie in volume (393 cu mi, 1,639 km). It is the 14th largest lake in the world. When its islands are included, the lake's shoreline is long. As the last lake in the Great Lakes'\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567354\",\n \"text\": \"and Herbert Tyrell staked what would become McMarmac Mine on McKenzie Island. In 1925, Lorne and Ray Howey, along with brother-in-law George McNeely, plus W.F. Morgan staked claims which became the Howey and Hasaga Mines. Marius Madsen staked claims which became the Madsen Mine. The McDonough brothers staked the future Red Lake Gold Shore Mines. The town experienced a sudden surge of economic, industrial, and population growth with the discovery of gold in 1926. In fact, by 1936, Red Lake's Howey Bay was the busiest airport in the world, with more flights landing and taking off per hour than any\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12304810\",\n \"text\": \"Sunfish Lake (Ontario) Sunfish Lake is a small, 25 hectare meromictic lake located north-west of Waterloo, Ontario in the village of St. Agatha in northern Wilmot Township, and is the source of Laurel Creek. It is one of a few meromictic lakes in Ontario, that is, its deep bottom waters (21 metres or 70 feet) are totally devoid of oxygen. The surface and bottom layers do not mix, and the lake is vulnerable to environmental damage. Restrictions on lake use include no motorized boats, no fertilizer or pesticide use, and regular septic tank inspections. Sunfish Lake is often compared to\",\n \"title\": \"Sunfish Lake (Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6567357\",\n \"text\": \"is not normally fully melted until late April, whilst late-season snow in May is not rare. This long winter is ideal for the local snowmobilers and for ice fishing though during this period, although the wind is often very cold and temperatures may drop to below . During winter, residents and visitors participate in snowmobiling, ice fishing, skiing, ice hockey, and downhill sliding. During the summer, the area experiences a moderate climate with little humidity, which is ideal for camping, boating, canoeing, and hiking. The three primary sources of employment in Red Lake are support services for the numerous mines\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake, Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7613731\",\n \"text\": \"end of the parkway and NY 18 is unsigned New York State Route 948A. The parkway mainline and the connector to NY 18 are both part of the Seaway Trail, a National Scenic Byway that extends along the shores of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario from northwestern Pennsylvania to the North Country of New York. The Lake Ontario State Parkway passes through mostly open and rural areas, except near Greece and Rochester, where the land surrounding the highway is more developed. It serves mostly as a connector between Rochester and several lakeside state parks and communities. From its western terminus\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Ontario State Parkway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9850331\",\n \"text\": \"Cameron Lake (Ontario) Cameron Lake, Ontario is one of the Kawartha Lakes and is a lake bordering the town of Fenelon Falls and is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway. The lake is some long by wide and is quite deep, reaching in places. The lake lies between locks 34 & 35 on the Trent-Severn Waterway. Much of the side of the lake is taken up with housing and is a popular place to live. The town of Fenelon Falls is found between Sturgeon Lake and Cameron Lake. The lake is popular with boaters and fisherman. Fish found in the lake\",\n \"title\": \"Cameron Lake (Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"239938\",\n \"text\": \"Chinook salmon) rather than the native species. Bald eagle and osprey populations are also beginning to recover. Invasive species are a problem for Lake Ontario, particularly lamprey and zebra mussels. Lamprey are being controlled by poisoning in the juvenile stage in the streams where they breed. Zebra mussels in particular are difficult to control, and pose major challenges for the lake and its waterways. The lake has a natural seiche rhythm of eleven minutes. The seiche effect normally is only about inches (2 cm) but can be greatly amplified by earth movement, winds, and atmospheric pressure changes. Because of its\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11063118\",\n \"text\": \"Lake Ontario Waterkeeper Lake Ontario Waterkeeper is a Toronto-based environmental justice advocacy group founded in 2001, with Lake Ontario, the Great Lakes Basin, and allied waterways at heart. It is a licensed member of the New York-based Waterkeeper Alliance, and a registered Canadian charity. It is led by President Mark Mattson, an environmental lawyer, and Vice President Krystyn Tully. In Summer of 2001 LOW triggered a $250 Million Federal Government remediation plan at Port Granby near Port Hope, Ontario. The dump, was established by Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited (and now managed by Cameco Corp.). In 2005 LOW campaigned the\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Ontario Waterkeeper\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"239925\",\n \"text\": \"northern shores of Lake Ontario. When the Iroquois withdrew and the Anishnabeg / Ojibwa / Mississaugas moved in from the north to southern Ontario, they retained the Iroquois name. It is believed the first European to reach the lake was Étienne Brûlé in 1615. As was their practice, the French explorers introduced other names for the lake. In 1632 and 1656, the lake was referred to as Lac de St. Louis or Lake St. Louis by Samuel de Champlain and cartographer Nicolas Sanson respectively (likely for Louis XIV of France) In 1660 Jesuit historian Francis Creuxius coined the name \\\"Lacus\",\n \"title\": \"Lake Ontario\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9850332\",\n \"text\": \"include: In the lake are found the Lakers Islands (a.k.a. Boyd and Rathbun islands). The Burnt River and Rosedale River are tributaries of the lake. Cameron lake is not eutrophic because it has a high flushing rate which counteracts its high phosphorus loading. Cameron Lake (Ontario) Cameron Lake, Ontario is one of the Kawartha Lakes and is a lake bordering the town of Fenelon Falls and is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway. The lake is some long by wide and is quite deep, reaching in places. The lake lies between locks 34 & 35 on the Trent-Severn Waterway. Much of\",\n \"title\": \"Cameron Lake (Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13665564\",\n \"text\": \"Silver Lake (Ontario) Silver Lake is a small lake near Coboconk, in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is the lowest lake on the Gull River watershed, supplying water to Balsam Lake at the top of the Trent-Severn Waterway. Like many other lakes in the Kawarthas, Silver Lake lies in a depression formed between the Precambrian granite to the north, and the Ordovician limestone to the south. Silver Lake is located along the Gull River and forms a portion of the boundary between the former townships of Somerville and Bexley. It is the southernmost lake in a chain of reservoirs\",\n \"title\": \"Silver Lake (Ontario)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10714911\",\n \"text\": \"Red Lake (Arizona–New Mexico) Red Lake is a lake located next to Navajo, New Mexico, in the Red Valley in McKinley County, New Mexico, and Apache County, Arizona. The lake has a surface elevation of . Navajo, New Mexico, lies on the southeast corner of the lake. Red Lake is a small lake, only long, and only half as wide. It is mostly north–south and is bordered on the east by Reservation Route 12, a north stretch from Window Rock, Arizona to Navajo, New Mexico. Red Lake is located on the eastern border of the long north–south Defiance Plateau, where\",\n \"title\": \"Red Lake (Arizona–New Mexico)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["canada"],"string":"[\n \"canada\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":889,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the president of pakistan in 1980?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"5184513","text":"climate of vigilante violence. Hindus have suffered from the climate of violence and hundreds have fled Pakistan for India.\" Farahnaz Ispahani who was the media advisor to the President of Pakistan from 2008 to 2012, has blamed the successive Pakistani governments of pursuing a \"slow genocide\" against minorities to shore up their political base, especially accusing Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq of creating a militant group to target them, the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan whose sole job was to harass Shias. A BBC FAQ notes that \"Beginning in 1980, a slew of clauses was added to the chapter of religious offences in the Pakistan Penal","title":"Minorities in Pakistan"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5184513\",\n \"text\": \"climate of vigilante violence. Hindus have suffered from the climate of violence and hundreds have fled Pakistan for India.\\\" Farahnaz Ispahani who was the media advisor to the President of Pakistan from 2008 to 2012, has blamed the successive Pakistani governments of pursuing a \\\"slow genocide\\\" against minorities to shore up their political base, especially accusing Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq of creating a militant group to target them, the Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan whose sole job was to harass Shias. A BBC FAQ notes that \\\"Beginning in 1980, a slew of clauses was added to the chapter of religious offences in the Pakistan Penal\",\n \"title\": \"Minorities in Pakistan\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"2486145","text":"with great hopes of governmental stability in the future. President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan ( — , ), is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces, per the Constitution of Pakistan. The office-holder represents the \"unity of the Republic\". The current President of Pakistan is Arif Alvi. The President is kept informed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan on all matters of internal and foreign policy, as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution vests the President with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves, and the","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486126","text":"President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan ( — , ), is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces, per the Constitution of Pakistan. The office-holder represents the \"unity of the Republic\". The current President of Pakistan is Arif Alvi. The President is kept informed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan on all matters of internal and foreign policy, as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution vests the President with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves, and the control of the military; however, all appointments at higher","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486135","text":"violating the Constitution or of gross misconduct, then the President shall cease to hold office immediately on the passing of the resolution. No president has faced impeachment proceedings. However, the proceedings have been used in 2008 in an attempt to impeach former president Pervez Musharraf who tendered the resignation after the proceedings above were used. From 1947 until 1956, the Governor-General of Pakistan acted for the head of state: King George VI (until 1952) and Queen Elizabeth II (from 1952). With the promulgation of the first Constitution, Pakistan became an Islamic republic in 1956, and the Governor-General was replaced with","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486138","text":"the Awami League gaining a majority in East Pakistan (current day Bangladesh). After he was unable to reach a compromise between the PPP and the Awami League, President Yahya Khan invited Nurul Amin of the Pakistan Muslim League to become the Prime Minister, and also appointed him as the first Vice President. The growing instigated violence against Pakistanis in East Pakistan forced President Yahya Khan to use force in order to maintain order there, which further escalated Bengali resistance (1970). Preemptive strikes against India led to another war in 1971, which freed East Pakistan and created Bangladesh. Taking personal responsibility","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"17040828","text":"Acting President of Pakistan The Acting President of Pakistan () is a temporary post provided for by the Constitution of Pakistan. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the Chairman of the Senate assumes the office, as per the line of succession to the President of Pakistan. The Speaker of the National Assembly is second in the line of succession. Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry acted as president periodically during his tenure as Speaker of the National Assembly, whenever Ayub Khan was out of the country. In addition, two acting","title":"Acting President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486139","text":"for the political isolation and devastation of Pakistan after the fall of East Pakistan, President Yahya Khan stepped down and ceded power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. President Bhutto created the current Constitution of Pakistan in 1973, transforming Pakistan into a parliamentary democracy, and reducing presidential powers to that of a ceremonial figurehead. The general elections held in 1977 resulted in an atmosphere of civil unrest instigated by the right-wing alliance, the Pakistan National Alliance. The events leading to it resulted in military intervention by chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq and Chairman Joint Chiefs Admiral Mohammad Shariff. Suspending the Constitution","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762412","text":"documents to the Election Commission. Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan) Mohammad Ayub Khan (; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974), , was a Pakistani military dictator and the second President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from the first President Iskander Mirza through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969. Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762347","text":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan) Mohammad Ayub Khan (; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974), , was a Pakistani military dictator and the second President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from the first President Iskander Mirza through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969. Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British Indian Army before deciding to","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"3682681","text":"is not available, the speaker of the National Assembly performs the duties of the president of Pakistan. The Electoral College of Pakistan is responsible for electing a new president. The Amendment XVIII, Article 49 of the Constitution of Pakistan covers this matter. Chairman or Speaker to act as, or perform functions of, President In this article, the Chairman refers to the Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan. Line of succession to the President of Pakistan Line of succession to the President of Pakistan: Pakistan, by law, has a parliamentary democratic system of government that has been modified several times since","title":"Line of succession to the President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"3682680","text":"Line of succession to the President of Pakistan Line of succession to the President of Pakistan: Pakistan, by law, has a parliamentary democratic system of government that has been modified several times since its inception. The prime minister of Pakistan is the head of the government, while the president of Pakistan, by law and by statute, is a constitutional figurehead. The constitution does not allow a vice president, but the chairman of the Senate of Pakistan officiates in the absence of the President and takes over on the President's death or removal from office. If the chairman of the Senate","title":"Line of succession to the President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"17040829","text":"presidents have been in office in recent history for short periods of time: Wasim Sajjad and Muhammad Mian Soomro. Sajjad served as acting president on two non-consecutive occasions in 1993 and 1997–98 respectively. Acting President of Pakistan The Acting President of Pakistan () is a temporary post provided for by the Constitution of Pakistan. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the Chairman of the Senate assumes the office, as per the line of succession to the President of Pakistan. The Speaker of the National Assembly is second","title":"Acting President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"20629154","text":"Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan The Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan is the senior most bureaucratic aide to the President of Pakistan. The position holder is a BPS-22 grade officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service. The Principal Secretary is the administrative head as well as the highest-ranking official of Aiwan-e-Sadr. The Principal Secretary advises and assists the President on all the official business routed through the Aiwan-e-Sadr, and because of this the PS to President is generally regarded as the most crucial aide to the President. The duties of the Principal Secretary includes, but","title":"Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"20629155","text":"are not limited to; dealing with official paperwork in the Aiwan-e-Sadr, placing before the President critical files of importance for approval, coordinating activities in the Aiwan-e-Sadr, and preparing notes on issues to be discussed by the President with senior politicians, bureaucrats and other dignitaries. Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan The Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan is the senior most bureaucratic aide to the President of Pakistan. The position holder is a BPS-22 grade officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service. The Principal Secretary is the administrative head as well as the highest-ranking official of Aiwan-e-Sadr.","title":"Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486130","text":"of the National Security Council who had authority and control over the nuclear and strategic arsenals; however, the chairmanship and the powers transferred back to Prime Minister. Furthermore, the presidential powers have significantly declined with Pakistan's government reversed to a parliamentary democratic republic. The Constitution of Pakistan sets the principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the President. A President has to be: Whenever the \"Aiwan-e-Sadr\" becomes vacant, the selection of president is done by the electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament (the Senate and National Assembly) and the four","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762369","text":"elections to be held. The conservative Pakistan Muslim League, led under its President A.Q. Khan, was also gaining momentum in West Pakistan and threatened for the \"Dharna\" movement. These events were against President Mirza hence he was willing to dissolve even Pakistan's One Unit for his advantage. On the midnight of 7 and 8 October 1958, President Mirza ordered a mass mobilization of Pakistan Armed Forces and abrogated the Constitution after sending a letter to Prime Minister Feroze and the Constituent Assembly about the coup d'état. Most of the politicians became only aware of coup the next morning; only the","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762385","text":"Peshawar in 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency's spy activities grew immensely during his presidency but such activities were exposed in 1960 when the Soviet Union's air defence intercept and shot down the U-2 plane by the S-75 missile, and captured its pilot. This incident severely compromised the national security of Pakistan that brought the Soviet ire on Pakistan but President Ayub had all knowledge of the operation and full aware of what happened in the Soviet Union. While in United Kingdom to pay state visit, the CIA station chief told President Ayub who shrugged his shoulders and said that he","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762392","text":"Bhutto convinced the President and the Finance Minister Muhammad Shoaib that India would not attack Pakistan due to Kashmir being a disputed territory, and per Bhutto's remarks: \"Pakistan’s incursion into Indian-occupied Kashmir, at [A]khnoor, would not provide [India] with the justification for attacking Pakistan across the international boundary because Kashmir was a disputed territory\". This theory proved wrong when India launched a full-scale war against West-Pakistan in 1965. His army chief General Musa Khan did not order the Pakistan Army without the confirmation by President Ayub Khan despite Foreign Minister Bhutto's urging However, after the Indian Army advanced towards the","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762395","text":"led him to announce the presidential elections in 1965. He earned the nomination from Pakistan Muslim League (PML) and was shocked to see when Fatima Jinnah earned the nomination from the Combined Opposition Parties. Fatima Jinnah had gained a lot of support from Karachi, Lahore, and various parts in West Pakistan and East Pakistan as opposed to President Ayub Khan. Jinnah targeted the Indus Waters Treaty and his over-reliance on the United States and troubled relations with the Soviet Union. During the elections, President Ayub earned notoriety when his son, Gohar Ayub Khan, was named in media for his involvement","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"2486127","text":"commands of the military must be made by the President on a \"required and necessary\" basis, upon consultation and approval from the Prime Minister. In addition, the Constitution prohibits the President from exercising the authority of running the government. The president is indirectly elected by the Parliament of Pakistan through the Electoral College for a five-year term. The Constitution requires the President to be a \"Muslim of not less than forty five (45) years of age\". The President resides in an estate in Islamabad known as Aiwan-e-Sadar (Presidential Palace). There have been a total of 13 Presidents. In the absence","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486133","text":"preserve and defend the Constitution as follows: The Constitution discusses the possibility of an acting president. Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates in case of vacancy as the constitution does not allow for a vice president: The President may be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment. The President can be removed for violation of the Constitution of Pakistan. The impeachment process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. The house initiates the process by leveling the charges against the President. The charges are contained in a notice that has","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"15376134","text":"Peoples Party struggled hard against the ruthless dictatorship of General Zia-ul-Haq, which was sponsored by the United States. The left-wing parties and socialism in the country met with harsh political opposition from the conservative Pakistan Muslim League and the hard-line religious bloc Clergy Coalition. The Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan further declined the popular support of socialism in the country. The ultra-conservative President Zia-ul-Haq dealt with socialists, communists and the Marxist mass with harsh political oppression. The seeds of the genuine Marxist politics was planted in 1980 in Netherlands, when a number of leftist Pakistani activists who had fled Pakistan","title":"Socialism in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486137","text":"Controversy regarding the U-2 incident (1960), privatization (1963), and war with India (1965), fueled a fierce left-wing opposition movement led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the PPP and Bengali nationalist Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who, with the support of demonstrators, aimed to further weaken the presidency. Suffering from paralysis and declining health, Ayub Khan handed over the presidency to army chief General Yahya Khan, who imposed martial law and announced that nationwide elections would be held in 1970. Eventually, general elections were held in 1970 which saw the PPP gaining a majority of seats in West Pakistan (current day Pakistan) and","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762355","text":"out with him was the future chief of army staff of the Indian Army, General J. N. Chaudhri who served as chief when Ayub was the President of Pakistan. After the standard probationary period of service in the British Army, he was appointed to the British Indian Army on 10 April 1929, joining the 1/14th Punjab Regiment \"Sherdils\", now known as 5th Punjab Regiment. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 2 May 1930 and to Captain on 2 February 1937. During World War II, he was promoted to the temporary rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in 1942 and was posted in Burma","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"17615934","text":"of Islamic insurgence\". Reciprocating President Zia's sentiments, Imam Khomeini, in his letter, called for Muslim unity. He declared, \"Ties with Pakistan are based on Islam.\" By 1981, Pakistan under President Zia-ul-Haq was close allies again with the United States, and came under its sphere of influence; a position Pakistan has remained in since. In 1980, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein went on to the proposal which invaded Iran. Pakistan immediately deployed its military contingent to protect the Gulf states against the Iranian threat, placing ~40,000 military personnel in Saudi Arabia for security and training purposes. Reportedly, Pakistan also began to supply","title":"Pakistan and the Iran–Iraq War"},{"psg_id":"20898119","text":"The Struggle Pakistan The Struggle () is a \"Trotskyite\", Left-wing organization in Pakistan whose main theoretician is Lal Khan. The seeds of the genuine Marxist politics was planted in 1980 in Netherlands, when a number of leftist Pakistani activists who had fled Pakistan to escape Zia’s repression found themselves in Amsterdam in the cold November of 1980. The country was ruled by the notorious General Zia. These leftist Pakistani activists were Farooq Tariq, Tanvir Gondal (now better known as Lal Khan), Muhammed Amjad and Ayub Gorya who Brainstormed ideas and strategies to oppose Zia while in exile and came up","title":"The Struggle Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"20898127","text":"in Pakistani general election, 2018 its prominent leader Ali Wazir has been elected as member of National Assembly of Pakistan. The Struggle Pakistan The Struggle () is a \"Trotskyite\", Left-wing organization in Pakistan whose main theoretician is Lal Khan. The seeds of the genuine Marxist politics was planted in 1980 in Netherlands, when a number of leftist Pakistani activists who had fled Pakistan to escape Zia’s repression found themselves in Amsterdam in the cold November of 1980. The country was ruled by the notorious General Zia. These leftist Pakistani activists were Farooq Tariq, Tanvir Gondal (now better known as Lal","title":"The Struggle Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"15190929","text":"The Who Tour 1980 The Who Tour 1980 was The Who's second concert tour since the death of original drummer Keith Moon, supporting their 1978 album \"Who Are You\". Aside from six warm-up shows in Europe, the tour focused primarily on the areas of North America not covered in the band's previous tour, which had focused on the northeastern United States. The set list was very similar to what they played on that tour, save the omission of \"The Punk and the Godfather\", which was only performed once in 1980. \"The Relay\" was played for the first time since their","title":"The Who Tour 1980"},{"psg_id":"12414225","text":"Minister of Defence (Pakistan) The Minister of Defence heads the Ministry of Defence and Pakistan Army, Pakistan Air Force, and Pakistan Navy. The minister serves in the cabinet of the Prime Minister, and is required to be a member of Parliament. In the history of the country, the defence portfolio has usually been headed by the head of the government, be that the President or Prime Minister of the country. The first defence minister, not also to be the head of the government, was General Ayub Khan, then Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army. From the 1980 onwards, the defence minister","title":"Minister of Defence (Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762348","text":"transfer to join the Pakistan Army as an aftermath of partition of British India in 1947. His command assignment included his role as chief of staff of Eastern Command in East-Bengal and elevated as the first native Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army in 1951 by then-Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in a controversial promotion over several senior officers. From 1953–58, he served in the civilian government as Defence and Home Minister and supported President Iskander Mirza's decision to impose martial law against Prime Minister Feroze Khan's administration in 1958. Two weeks later, he took over the presidency from Mirza after","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"18111251","text":"Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1959–60 The Australian national cricket team visited Pakistan in November and December 1959 and played a three-match Test series against the Pakistani national cricket team. Australia won the Test series 2–0. Australia were captained by Richie Benaud and Pakistan by Fazal Mahmood. Day four of the third test in Karachi was notably attended by U.S. president Dwight Eisenhower, who was visiting Pakistan at the time. Eisenhower, who was accompanied by Pakistan's president Ayub Khan, became the \"first American President to watch Test cricket\". According to Arunabha Sengupta, the day proved challenging for Pakistan who","title":"Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1959–60"},{"psg_id":"1762370","text":"U.S. Ambassador James Langley was kept aware of the political development in the country. President Mirza appointed General Ayub as its chief martial law administrator (CMLA) to enforce the martial law in both exclave–West and East Pakistan. However, President Mirza soon realized his mistake by making Ayub as the CMLA and repented his actions in news media about the delicate position he had gotten himself into. He regretted his decision and said: \"I did not mean to do it,\" while offering assurances that the martial law would be for the shortest possible duration. In an attempt to consolidate the powers","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"16761521","text":"1957. Within two months Chundrigar was dismissed. He was followed by Sir Feroz Noon, who proved to be an incapable prime minister. Public support for the Muslim League led by Nurul Amin began to threaten President Mirza who was becoming unpopular, especially in West Pakistan. In less than two years, Mirza dismissed four elected prime ministers, and was increasingly under pressure to call new elections in 1958. In October 1958 President Iskandar Mirza issued orders for a massive mobilisation of the Pakistan Armed Forces and appointed Chief of Army Staff General Ayub Khan as Commander-in-chief. President Mirza declared a state","title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"15190934","text":"otherwise specified): Encores (variations of the following list): There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. \"Dreaming from the Waist\" was played in place of \"Music Must Change\" in the first two shows of this leg and \"See Me, Feel Me\" occasionally followed \"Sparks\" instead of \"Pinball Wizard\". The Who Tour 1980 The Who Tour 1980 was The Who's second concert tour since the death of original drummer Keith Moon, supporting their 1978 album \"Who Are You\". Aside from six warm-up shows in Europe, the tour focused primarily on the areas of North America not","title":"The Who Tour 1980"},{"psg_id":"18129610","text":"Chief Justice Shahabuddin bench heard \"The State vs. Dosso & anor.\", under which the majority of Chief Justice Shahabuddin bench provided the legal validation of the martial law imposed by President of Pakistan Iskander Mirza. In further, President Mirza was dismissed in two weeks by Chief of Army Staff General Ayub Khan whose actions was also to be held valid by Chief Justice Shahabuddin's court. The first ever Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) was declared by General Zia ul Haq on 25 March 1981. Established by General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq in 1980, the Shariat Appellate Bench is composed of three Muslim","title":"History of the Supreme Court of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762398","text":"of the time and many saw the results with great suspicions. The controversial winning over Fatima Jinnah in presidential elections and the outcomes of war with India in 1965 brought devastating results for Ayub Khan's image and his presidency. Upon returning from Tashkent, Foreign Minister Bhutto went to the television media and criticized President Ayub for selling nation's honor and sacrifice which promoted President Ayub to deposed Bhutto. In Karachi, the public resentment towards Ayub had been rising since the 1965 elections and his policies were widely disapproved. In 1967, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed the socialist Pakistan Peoples Party and","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"16563295","text":"series win as test captain of Pakistan. It was a notable personal success for Allan Border who scored over 600 runs, and a disappointment for David Hookes, who only scored 10 runs for the whole tour. Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1979–80 The Australian cricket team toured Pakistan in February to March 1980 to play a three-match Test series against Pakistan. Pakistan won the test series 1-0. There was some original doubt whether the tour would go ahead due to financial problems. Eventually the tour guarantee was increased and the amount of games played cut from eight matches to","title":"Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1979–80"},{"psg_id":"15415082","text":"Russians in Pakistan Russians in Pakistan are a small expatriate community and consist entirely of students, employees, families and diplomats stationed inside the country. During the nine-year Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, Moscow had attempted to establish a commercial and industrial presence in Pakistan, by opening an Aeroflot office and setting up subsidiaries of steel and oil industries as well as a tractor factory. With only 56 Soviets in Pakistan in 1972, their numbers had suddenly jumped to 1,374 by 1980. In his book, the French political expert Roland Jacquard mentions that Pakistani authorities, who were already opposed to the Soviet","title":"Russians in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762357","text":"Brigade in mountainous South Waziristan. When the United Kingdom announced the partition British India into India and Pakistan, he was one of the most senior serving officers in the British Indian Army who decided to opt for Pakistan in 1947. At the time of his joining, the Indian Army sent the military seniority list to Pakistan's Ministry of Defence (MoD) where he was the 10th ranking officer in terms of seniority with Service No. PA-010. In the early part of 1948, he was given the command of the 14th Infantry Division as its GOC, (still ranked Brigadier) stationed in Dacca,","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762389","text":"American pressure and a lack of understanding of Foreign affairs Upon hearing this proposal, India's Prime Minister Nehru reportedly counter-ask \"Defence Minister Ayub: Joint Defence on what?.\" India remained uninterested with such proposal and Prime Minister Nehru decided to push his country's role in the Non-Aligned Movement In 1960, President Ayub signed the water treaty with Prime Minister Nehru that was facilitated by the World Bank as its witness. In 1964, the Pakistan Army engaged with Indian Army in several skirmishes, and a secretive operations began to place around that time. The war with India in 1965 was a turning","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762349","text":"the meltdown of civil-military relations between the military and the civilian President. After appointing General Musa Khan as an army chief in 1958, the policy inclination towards the alliance with the United States was pursued that saw the allowance of American access to facilities inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of Peshawar, from which spy missions over the Soviet Union were launched. Relations with neighboring China were strengthened but deteriorated with Soviet Union in 1962, and with India in 1965. His presidency saw the war with India in 1965 which ended with Soviet Union facilitating the Tashkent Declaration between","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762386","text":"had expected this would happen at some point. Ayub Khan had to publicly offer his apologies to the Soviet Union after USSR Secretary General Nikita Khrushchev made a threat to bomb Peshawar. President Ayub directed initiatives to Foreign Office to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union by facilitating state visits of Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin and Soviet Foreign minister Gromyko in Pakistan on a condition of downplaying relations with the United States. In 1960, he signed the historic frontier agreement with China despite the US urgings and was a significant event in history of Cold war where a non-communist country","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"8108526","text":"Television in Pakistan Television in Pakistan started in 1964, and the first live transmission of Pakistan Television began on November 26, 1964, in Lahore. Originally a private sector project in 1961 by prominent industrialist Syed Wajjid Ali who signed a joint venture agreement with Nipon Electric Company (NEC), leading Pakistani engineer Ubaidur Rahman was appointed by Wajjid Ali to head the television project. By 1962, after a series of pilot transmission tests, the project was quickly taken over by the Ayub Khan Government in 1963 for the \"greater national interest of Pakistan\". President Ayub Khan re-appointed Ubaidur Rahman in 1963","title":"Television in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"10040046","text":"funds from his compulsory zakat collection which began in 1980. Another benefactor was Saudi Arabia who, starting in the mid-1980s, sought to counteract help the Islamist Islamic Republic of Iran was giving to the assertive Shia minority in Pakistan, with \"substantial funds\" to expand conservative Sunni madrassas. According to The News International, in 1947 there were only 189 madrassas in Pakistan but \"over 40,000\" by 2008. According to David Commins their number grew from around 900 in 1971 to over 8000 official ones and another 25,000 unofficial ones in 1988. In 2002 the country had 10,000-13,000 unregistered madrassas with an","title":"Madrassas in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"13824173","text":"including Philippines illegally studying in the Pakistani Madrasahs. Some Filipinos are also nurses in Pakistan. In 2007, following a state of emergency declared by Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf, about 200 Filipinos gathered in Islamabad on the advice of Ambassador Jimmy Yambao to call for protest. However, there have no direct threats to safety of Filipinos in Pakistan reported. Filipinos in Pakistan Filipinos in Pakistan () consist of migrants from the Philippines. In 2008, an estimated 3,000 work as domestic workers, according to the statistics of the Philippine government. Many Filipino women came to Pakistan for work and those who later","title":"Filipinos in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"16769207","text":"Party (PPP) for most of Pakistan's history since independence. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the founder of PPP and served as the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the fourth President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. His daughter, Benazir Bhutto, also served as the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from 1988 until 1990 and 1993 until 1996. She was married to Asif Ali Zardari, the who became President of Pakistan after her death. Her daughters alternately served as the First Lady of Pakistan. Notable members of Bhutto family","title":"First Families of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"16541167","text":"number of polio cases in 2014, and as of October 2015, it has maintained this record. However, the number of cases in 2015 are a fraction of those recorded in 2014. The country has announced a goal of eradication by 2016. The Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) was begun in Pakistan by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 1970s to combat deaths from six vaccine-preventable diseases. In 1980, the EPI had vaccinated just 2% of the population against polio; by 1990, the coverage had increased to 54%. In a 1994 interview, CDC officials predicted total polio eradication in Pakistan","title":"Poliomyelitis in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"7535867","text":"less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Parliament in a joint sitting of the two Houses, convened for the purpose. In case the office of the president becomes vacant for any reason, the chairman, or if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of the president, the Speaker, acts as president till such time that a president is elected. Same is the case when the president by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause is unable to perform his functions. Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan The Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan","title":"Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762404","text":"his villa near Islamabad. His presidency was characterised by an increasing dependency on East Pakistan for export revenues, coupled with an exclusion of East Pakistan from political influence. This laid the foundation for breaking up of the nation's unity in 1971. Ayub Khan's presidency allied Pakistan with the American-led military alliance against the Soviet Union which helped Pakistan developed its strong economic background, long-term political and strategic relations with the United States. Major economic aid and trade from the United States and European Communities ultimately led Pakistan's industrial sector developed rapidly but the consequences of cartelization included increased inequality in","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762394","text":"army had not shared the plans with other forces.\" Ayub Khan's main sponsor, the United States, did not welcome the move and the Kennedy administration placed an economic embargo that caused Pakistan to lose $500 million in aid and grants that had been received through consortium. Ayub Khan could not politically survive in the aftermath of 1965 war with India and fell from the presidency after surrendering the presidential power to Army Commander General Yahya in 1969. In 1964, President Ayub Khan had been confident in his apparent popularity and saw the deep divisions within the political opposition which ultimately","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"3491353","text":"who were directly responsible to him. The electoral system was made indirect, and the `Basic Democrats', for both wings were declared Electoral College for the purpose of electing the assemblies and the president. Basic democrats were 80,000 in number (40,000 from each East and West Pakistan). The total membership of the National Assembly was 156, one half of whom were to be elected from East Pakistan and other half from West Pakistan, also three seats were reserved for women from each province. The term of this Assembly was three years. The norm was established that if the president was from","title":"Parliament of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"17457422","text":"The basis of Pakistan were Muslims in South Asia are a separate culture. It was the Two-Nation Theory that lead to the independence of Pakistan.\" The university curriculum in the country was upgraded by President Zia-ul-Haq, that includes the teaching of Islamic Studies and Arabic languages courses, which were made compulsory for students to get their degrees in arts and social sciences. The Pakistan Studies were made compulsorily for engineering, medical education, commerce, law and nursing education. Extra educational certificates and diplomas were given to people who were \"Hafiz\". On national priorities, the atomic bomb project was aggressively put forwarded","title":"Conservatism in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"20872557","text":"alliances. Labour laws relating to trade unions or the Industrial Relations Act 2012 do not enable workers to form unions. There is also very little room for those who are already organized in trade unions to bargain for the collective rights of workers. Major confederation Pakistan Labour organization \"'major federations\" Major unions Trade Unions in Pakistan Trade unions in Pakistan are regulated under provincial industrial relations acts. Under the Constitution of Pakistan, labour is considered a shared responsibility of the federal and provincial governments. The latest Industrial Relation Act was promulgated on 12 March 2012 by President of Pakistan. National","title":"Trade Unions in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2623345","text":"Prime Minister who was also the Vice-President. Negotiations that fall apart between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Mujibur Rehman, and Yahya Khan that prompted to liberation movement in the East Pakistan. With India intervening in East Pakistan and Pakistan conceding defeat to end the war led to the collapse of the presidential system in 1971. As the comprehensive Constitution reinstated in 1973, the post was reestablished with more central powers as the constitution provided a parliamentary system with President of Pakistan as figurehead. Amid agitation instigated by the right-wing alliance invited the military intervention in 1977 which suspended the post. The general","title":"Prime Minister of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"19672972","text":"Provincial Government of East Pakistan The Provincial Government of East Pakistan governed the East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) province and was centered in its provincial capital Dhaka. The head of the province was the Governor, who was nominated by the President of Pakistan. While the head of the province of East Pakistan was the Chief Minister who was elected by the East Pakistan Assembly. The East Pakistani government was dominated by the Awami League. It was succeeded by the Government of Bangladesh following the province's secession in 1971. After absorption into the Dominion of Pakistan, the province of East Pakistan (former","title":"Provincial Government of East Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"20306381","text":"during the transfer of power, which evolved into the All Pakistan Women s Association. Later on Fatima Jinnah set up a secret radio station to running for president when it was perceived to be a man's role. These are some of the empowering stories that are often left untold and very few people talk about this effort of empowering women in Pakistan. Begum Ra'na Liaquat Ali Khan helped the refugees who fled India during partition and also organized the All Pakistan Women s Association in 1949, two years after the creation of her country. Noticing that there were not many","title":"Feminism in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"7589352","text":"to education. Sister John Berchmans Conway - On 15 February 2012, the President of Pakistan approved conferment of Sitara Quaid-e-Azam on Sister Berchmans for her services towards education and promoting interfaith harmony in Pakistan. Father Robert McCulloch - On 15 February 2012, the President of Pakistan approved conferment of Sitara Quaid-e-Azam on McCulloch for his services to Pakistan in health and education. Brother Emmanuel Nicholas - The President of Pakistan conferred the civil award of Tamgha-i-Pakistan (Medal of Pakistan) on Bro. Emmanuel Nicholas in recognition of his outstanding and meritorious services to the education sector in Pakistan. Norma Fernandes -","title":"Catholic Church in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"13843094","text":"the Chief martial law administrator. Thirteen days later, Mirza himself was exiled by Ayub Khan, who appointed himself president. Operation Fair Play was the code name for the coup d'etat conducted at midnight on July 4, 1977 by the Pakistan military, led by Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq, against the government of then-Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. General Zia ordered the arrest of Bhutto, his ministers and other leaders of both the Pakistan People's Party and the Pakistan National Alliance. In a nationally televised address, General Zia announced that the National Assembly of Pakistan and all provincial assemblies were","title":"Military coups in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762378","text":"medium and small-scale industries in Pakistan. This opened up avenues for new job opportunities and thus the economic graph of the country started rising. He oversaw the development and completion of mega projects such as hydroelectric dams, power stations, and barrages in all over the country. During 1960–66, the annual GDP growth was recorded at 6.8%. Several energy conservation programs were completed such as World's one of the largest dam, the Mangla Dam and several small dams and water reservoirs in West Pakistan while completing one dam in East Pakistan: Kaptai Dam. Plans toward harnessing energy from nuclear sources were","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"1762358","text":"East-Pakistan. In 1949, he was appointed as army commander of Eastern Command and decorated with the Hilal-i-Jurat (HJ) by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan for non-combatant service and called back to Army GHQ as an adjutant-general on November of same year. Lieutenant General Sir Douglas Gracey relinquished the command of the Pakistan Army on 23 January 1951, under pressure of calls for \"nationalisation\" of the army. The Pakistan government already called for appointing native commanders-in-chief of army, air force, navy and dismissed deputation appointments from the British military. The Army GHQ sent the nomination papers to Prime Minister's Secretariat for","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"7023303","text":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly, is the presiding official of the National Assembly of Pakistan– a lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan. The office has its roots in 1947 and was reestablished in 1973 in accordance to the Constitution; the speaker presides over the chamber composed of people's representatives elected on the basis of universal franchise. The Speaker is Second in the line of succession to the President of Pakistan and occupies fourth position in the Warrant of Precedence, after the President,","title":"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"19672973","text":"East Bengal) was administered by a ceremonial Governor and an indirectly elected Chief Minister. During the year from May 1954 to August 1955, executive powers were exercised by the Governor and there was no Chief Minister. Provincial Government of East Pakistan The Provincial Government of East Pakistan governed the East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) province and was centered in its provincial capital Dhaka. The head of the province was the Governor, who was nominated by the President of Pakistan. While the head of the province of East Pakistan was the Chief Minister who was elected by the East Pakistan Assembly. The","title":"Provincial Government of East Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"6974839","text":"Government of Balochistan, Pakistan The Government of Balochistan () is based in the largest province of Pakistan in Quetta. The head of the province is the Governor, who is nominated by the President of Pakistan. The chief executive of the Government of Balochistan is the Chief Minister who is elected by the Balochistan Assembly and the administrative boss of the province is the Chief Secretary of Balochistan who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The province of Balochistan in Pakistan contains most of historical Balochistan and is named after the Baloch. Neighbouring regions are Iranian Balochistan to the","title":"Government of Balochistan, Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"18794567","text":"B. Anderson ran with the 38th Governor of Wisconsin Patrick Lucey. 1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin The 1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and The District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Wisconsin voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Wisconsin was won by Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against incumbent United States President Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, Carter ran for","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"18794566","text":"1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin The 1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and The District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Wisconsin voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Wisconsin was won by Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against incumbent United States President Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, Carter ran for a second time with Representative Walter Mondale of Minnesota and John","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin"},{"psg_id":"18111252","text":"managed just 104 runs at a loss of 5 wickets, with Hanif Mohammed putting up the lone resistance against Australian bowlers. The U.S. president, who was seen \"cheering the rare attacking strokes\" and applauding every \"decent effort in the field\", used the occasion for cricket diplomacy – signing a cricket bat and sporting a Pakistan blazer. When Australian captain Riche Benaud saw Eisenhower wearing the blazer, he jokingly remarked: \"Mr President… you have joined the other camp.\" Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1959–60 The Australian national cricket team visited Pakistan in November and December 1959 and played a three-match","title":"Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1959–60"},{"psg_id":"2486144","text":"Musharraf's rule was found dubious. A populist constitutional movement eventually resulted in Musharraf's departure. On 22 August 2008, the electoral commission called for presidential nominations to be delivered by 26 August 2008 and for elections to be held on 6 September 2008. After the presidential election held in 2008, Asif Ali Zardari lobbied for constitutional amendment to restore the Constitution as it was in 1973. In 2010, the Parliament unanimously and with a large majority, passed the eighteenth amendment of the constitution. It revoked the presidential powers and changed Pakistan from a semi-presidential system of government to a parliamentary republic,","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762354","text":"Andrew Skeen; he did not complete his degree and departed for Great Britain. Ayub Khan was fluent in Urdu, English and his regional Hindko dialect as well as Pashto. According to some accounts, Ayub Khan's performance at the Sandhurst Military Academy in the United Kingdom was good, earning him awards and scholarships. He was commissioned as a 2nd Lt. on 2 February 1928 in the 1/14th Punjab Regiment (1st Battalion of the 14th Punjab Regiment) of the British Indian Army — it is now known as the 5th battalion of the Punjab Regiment of Pakistan Army. Amongst those who passed","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"19198324","text":"Diocese of Hyderabad (Church of Pakistan) The Diocese of Hyderabad is one of the 8 dioceses of the Church of Pakistan. The diocese was formed in 1980 and serves the entirety of the Sindh province of Pakistan, with the exception of Karachi. Most of its parishes exist in the rural areas of the province. The current bishop of the diocese is Rt Rev Kaleem John. There are about 26 parishes that under the purview of the diocese. Most of them have a core urban congregation of Punjabi and Indian families who had converted to Christianity at the turn of the","title":"Diocese of Hyderabad (Church of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"17703824","text":"1980 United States presidential election in Texas The 1980 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 26 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States. Texas was won by Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against incumbent President Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, and Carter ran with Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota. Despite Texas‘","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Texas"},{"psg_id":"17468389","text":"1980 United States presidential election in Alaska The 1980 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 4, 1980, as part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Alaska was won by Ronald Reagan (R–California) with 54.3% of the popular vote against incumbent President Jimmy Carter (D–Georgia) with 26.4%. Reagan ultimately won the national vote, defeating Carter and becoming the next President. Alaska has only voted Democratic once, and that was in 1964 for Lyndon B. Johnson. Libertarian candidate Ed Clark","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Alaska"},{"psg_id":"1762383","text":"spending on nuclear technology and was against of establishing a nuclear power plant in Karachi over on cost. It was Dr. Abdus Salam who had personally approved the project against the wishes of his own government. After the Sino-Indian war in 1962, the military appointments in civilian institutions grew further and defence spending on budget hiked. The physical size of the Pakistan Army's ground troops exponentially grew and the size of military budget grew from 5.79% (1960s) to 9.78% (1966) until being brought down to 6.1% (1967). The foreign relations with the United States and European Union were prioritized and","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"6139745","text":"of the 8 June attack on Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, for which the TTP and the IMU claimed responsibility. Terrorism in Pakistan Terrorism in Pakistan has become a major and highly destructive phenomenon in recent years. The annual death toll from terrorist attacks has risen from 164 in 2003 to 3318 in 2009, with a total of 35,000 Pakistanis killed between 11 September 2001 and May 2011. According to the government of Pakistan, the direct and indirect economic costs of terrorism from 2000–2010 total $68 billion. President Asif Ali Zardari, along with former President ex-Pakistan Army head Pervez Musharraf,","title":"Terrorism in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"6139737","text":"Terrorism in Pakistan Terrorism in Pakistan has become a major and highly destructive phenomenon in recent years. The annual death toll from terrorist attacks has risen from 164 in 2003 to 3318 in 2009, with a total of 35,000 Pakistanis killed between 11 September 2001 and May 2011. According to the government of Pakistan, the direct and indirect economic costs of terrorism from 2000–2010 total $68 billion. President Asif Ali Zardari, along with former President ex-Pakistan Army head Pervez Musharraf, have admitted that terrorist outfits were \"deliberately created and nurtured\" by past governments \"as a policy to achieve some short-term","title":"Terrorism in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"15376122","text":"members of Communist Party in West, eventually banning the Communist Party in West as well. Uncomfortable with the workings of democratic system, unruliness in the East Pakistan parliamentary elections and the threat of Baloch separatism in West-Pakistan, Bengali President Iskandar Ali Mirza issued a proclamation that abolished all political parties in both West and East Pakistan, abrogated the two-year-old constitution, and imposed the first martial law in the country on 7 October 1958. The Communist leader, Hassan Nasir, was repeatedly arrested by the police and died in prison in November 1960. After the martial law in 1958, President Ayub Khan","title":"Socialism in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"6556021","text":"Forward Saleem Sherwani is not the same player as his namesake, Saleem Sherwani (field hockey goalkeeper) who was the Pakistan goalkeeper at the Munich Olympics in 1972 and in the Montreal Olympiad in 1976. Men's 74 kg Group A Men's 90 kg Group A Soling Class Finn Class 470 Class Pakistan at the 1984 Summer Olympics Pakistan competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. The nation returned to the Games after participating in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Pakistan won the gold medal in the men's hockey team competition. Gold medal in the","title":"Pakistan at the 1984 Summer Olympics"},{"psg_id":"13034542","text":"we want to keep those weapons classified? If the American government insists on our true cooperation, then they should also be helping us in fighting those terrorists\", said Said Nadeem. Pakistan President Zardari has also requested that Pakistan be given control over the drones, but this has been rejected by the US who are worried that Pakistanis will leak information about targets to militants. In December 2009 Pakistan's Defence minister Ahmad Mukhtar acknowledged that Americans were using Shamsi Airfield but stated that Pakistan was not satisfied with payments for using the facility. In December 2010 the CIA's Station Chief in","title":"Drone strikes in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"1762409","text":"in 1969 estimated Gohar Ayub's personal wealth at the time at $4 million, while his family's wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million. Ayub Khan is critiqued for the growth in income inequality 5 million people fell below the poverty line. He is also blamed for not doing enough to tackle the significant economic disparity between East and West Pakistan whilst he was aware of the acute grievances of East Pakistan he did try to address the situation. However, the Ayub Khan regime was so highly centralized that, in the absence of democratic institutions, densely populated and politicized","title":"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"12028069","text":"the Secretary. Such was the case in the United States opening of relations with China, in which Pakistan acted an important role. It was the then Foreign Secretary Sultan M. Khan who was to arrange the secret visit of U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to China via Pakistan. This visit paved the way to opening of Sino-U.S. relations under President Richard Nixon. Some of other foreign secretaries, Agha Shahi, Abdul Sattar, Inamulhaque later rose to be Foreign Minister of Pakistan. The 26th Foreign Secretary was Salman Bashir, who was nominated by the ruling coalition in April 2008. He served","title":"Foreign Secretary of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"314139","text":"12 March 1949, the second Constituent Assembly of Pakistan passed the Objectives Resolution which proclaimed that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah alone. The promulgation of the Constitution in 1956 led to Pakistan declaring itself an Islamic republic (official name) with the adoption of a parliamentary democratic system of government. The constitution transformed the Governor-General of Pakistan into President of Pakistan (as head of state). Subsequently, Iskander Mirza became the first Bengali president in 1956, but the democratic system was stalled after President Mirza imposed a military coup d'état and appointed Ayub Khan as an enforcer of martial","title":"History of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"16694061","text":"neighboring India who started the economic liberalisation later than a year in Pakistan. In 1980–89, the economic reforms gained momentum and hard efforts were put to liberalise the economy before the Fall of communism in the Soviet Union, as country had realized long ago. Pakistan's economic liberalisation reforms and policies were followed by India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal, however, in all of these countries, the index of imports and economical GDP growth rates increased, except Pakistan where its economic rates were either stagnated and stagflated. As compared to Indian economic liberalisation where growth rate of employment increased, on the","title":"Economic liberalisation in Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"15293927","text":"Gallup Pakistan Gallup Pakistan, affiliated to Gallup International Association, is a research organization located in Pakistan. It was established in 1980 by experts trained at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University and Wharton School of Business. It is now considered the country’s largest and oldest research institution. It is not related to The Gallup Organization. Each year Gallup Pakistan conducts several high profile studies for the Government of Pakistan and international agencies. It has worked for a number of UN agencies in Pakistan, and has occasionally provided research support for projects conducted by academic institutions, World Bank, WHO, UNICEF,","title":"Gallup Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"16761496","text":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14August 1947 when Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain, following the Pakistan Movement and the partition of British India. At the time Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan, today's Pakistan, and East Pakistan, today's Bangladesh. The President of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, became Governor-General, and the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister.Later Imran Khan became prime minister in 2018. Important leaders in the Muslim League highlighted that Pakistan would be a \"New Medina\", in other words","title":"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"8803804","text":"place twice in an year at the parade grounds of the respective Academies. Usually, the President of Pakistan confers this honour. On 22 September 2006, aviation cadet Saira Amin was presented with the Sword of Honour at the Passing-Out Parade of the 117th GD Pilot Course. Sword of Honour (Pakistan) The Sword of Honour is an honorary sword awarded to that “Gentleman Cadet”, \"Officer Cadet\", \"Aviation Cadet\" or “Lady Cadet” who achieves an overall best performance during his or her entire training period at the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul, the Pakistan Air Force Academy at Risalpur, or the Pakistan","title":"Sword of Honour (Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"2486129","text":"of the military, with Chairman joint chiefs being its chief military adviser to maintain the control of the military. After a thorough confirmation comes from the Prime Minister, the President confirms the judicial appointments in the national court system. In addition, the Constitution allows the President to grant pardons, reprieves, and clemency in cases recommended to him by the executive and the judiciary. The President himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office. From 2000 until 2009, the President was the chairman","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"17070809","text":"1980 United States presidential election in Maryland The 1980 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 4, 1980, as part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. On election night, several news outlets actually incorrectly called the state for Ronald Reagan. In a similar vein, many of the same news outlets also called Massachusetts for President Carter, despite the fact that Reagan would ultimately end up winning that state by a very close margin. Maryland was won by incumbent President","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Maryland"},{"psg_id":"14456575","text":"Constitution of Pakistan over several decades by its military rulers. The amendment bill was passed by the Senate of Pakistan on April 15, 2010 and it became an act of parliament when President Asif Ali Zardari put his signature on the bill on April 19, 2010. It was the first time in Pakistan's history that a president relinquished a significant part of his powers willingly and transferred them to parliament and the office of the prime minister. The power of the President to dissolve the Parliament was enacted by the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan during the presidency","title":"Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"16636095","text":"coup against Nawaz Sharif in 1999. Gang of Four (Pakistan) The Gang of Four was a quantified and common colloquial implicit term for a set of four military leaders in the Pakistan military who were central figures in the military dictatorship in Pakistan wherein generals and admirals of the Pakistan Armed Forces had control over the country. This specific quantified set was briefed in the classified intelligence matters by the executive branches of the government. It was first related to the President General Zia-ul-Haq, and staffers of his administration including General Akhtar Rahman, Rahimuddin Khan, and Zahid Ali Akbar. According","title":"Gang of Four (Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"16636093","text":"Gang of Four (Pakistan) The Gang of Four was a quantified and common colloquial implicit term for a set of four military leaders in the Pakistan military who were central figures in the military dictatorship in Pakistan wherein generals and admirals of the Pakistan Armed Forces had control over the country. This specific quantified set was briefed in the classified intelligence matters by the executive branches of the government. It was first related to the President General Zia-ul-Haq, and staffers of his administration including General Akhtar Rahman, Rahimuddin Khan, and Zahid Ali Akbar. According to the military authors, these four","title":"Gang of Four (Pakistan)"},{"psg_id":"18125567","text":"1980 United States presidential election in Virginia The 1980 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 4, 1980. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Virginia voters chose twelve electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States. Virginia was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan of California with 53.03 percent of the vote, who was running against incumbent United States President Jimmy Carter of Georgia and Representative John B. Anderson of Illinois. The national election was ultimately won","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Virginia"},{"psg_id":"314141","text":"1972 the leftist Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came to power and in 1973 Pakistan's elected parliament promulgated the 1973 Constitution which proclaimed that no Pakistani law could contradict Islamic laws from the Quran and Sunnah. Bhutto faced vigorous opposition which united under the banner of Nizam e Mustafa (Rule of the Prophet) and demanded the establishment of an Islamic state. In 1977 Bhutto was deposed in a bloodless coup by General Zia-ul-Haq, who became the country's third military president. Zia-ul-Haq committed himself to the establishment of Sharia law in Pakistan. With the death of President","title":"History of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"314142","text":"Zia-ul-Haq in 1988, new general elections saw the victory of PPP led by Benazir Bhutto who was elevated as the country's first female Prime Minister of Pakistan. Over the next decade, she alternated power with the conservative Pakistan Muslim League-N (PML(N)) led by Nawaz Sharif, as the country's political and economic situation deteriorated. Military tensions in the Kargil conflict with India were followed by yet another coup d'état in 1999 in which General Pervez Musharraf assumed executive powers. Appointing himself President after the resignation of President Rafiq Tarar, Musharraf held nationwide general elections in 2002 to transfer the executive powers","title":"History of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"314247","text":"Pakistan joined Non-Aligned Movement in 1979. Politics of Pakistan The politics of Pakistan takes place within the framework established by the constitution. The country is a federal parliamentary republic in which provincial governments enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is vested with the national cabinet which is headed by the prime minister, who works coherently along with the bicameral parliament and the judicature. Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government. The head of state is the president who is","title":"Politics of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486132","text":"from the state voting in the electoral college. The constitution further states that election to the office of President will not be held earlier than sixty days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the President in office. The president is elected indirectly for a term of five years. The incumbent president is eligible for re-election to that office, but cannot hold that office for more than two consecutive terms. The president is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice—, an oath or affirmation that the president shall protect,","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"12952200","text":"Presidential Standard of Pakistan The Presidential Standard of Pakistan is the official flag of the President of Pakistan. The Presidential Standard consists of the background of the Flag of Pakistan with the gold Presidential Crest replacing the white crescent and star found in the Flag of Pakistan. The Presidential Crest consists of a smaller crescent and star flanked by wheat branches with the words \"Pakistan\" written in Urdu underneath. The Presidential Standard is displayed only in the presence of the President of Pakistan, particularly in the office and official residence of the President of Pakistan. It is always displayed alongside","title":"Presidential Standard of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"2486128","text":"of the President, the Senate Chairman takes over as the Acting President until the President resumes office, or the election for the next President is held. The official residence and principal workplace of the president is Aiwan-e-Sadr— the presidential palace located in northeastern Islamabad. The presidency forms the vital institutional organ of state and is part of the bicameral Parliament. Powers to exercise the authority are limited to the ceremonial figurehead, and required to address the Parliament to give a direction for national policies before being informed of its key decisions. In addition, the President is also a civil commander-in-chief","title":"President of Pakistan"},{"psg_id":"17830589","text":"1980 United States presidential election in Utah The 1980 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Utah voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States. Utah was won by former Governor of California Ronald Reagan, the Republican nominee, who was running against incumbent President and former Governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter, the Democratic nominee. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, and","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Utah"},{"psg_id":"17456299","text":"1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts The 1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 4, 1980, as part of the 1980 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all fifty states and D.C. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Massachusetts was very narrowly carried by the Republican nominee, former Governor Ronald Reagan of California, over incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter of Georgia and Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois. On election day, Reagan won a plurality of 41.90 percent of the","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts"},{"psg_id":"18792337","text":"1980 United States presidential election in Illinois The 1980 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and The District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Illinois voters chose 26 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Illinois, the state where Republican candidate, former California Governor Ronald Reagan was born and raised, was won by him with an 8% margin of victory over Democratic candidate, President Jimmy Carter. Despite being the home state of Congressman John B. Anderson, he only won 7.3% of","title":"1980 United States presidential election in Illinois"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486145\",\n \"text\": \"with great hopes of governmental stability in the future. President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan ( — , ), is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces, per the Constitution of Pakistan. The office-holder represents the \\\"unity of the Republic\\\". The current President of Pakistan is Arif Alvi. The President is kept informed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan on all matters of internal and foreign policy, as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution vests the President with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves, and the\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486126\",\n \"text\": \"President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan ( — , ), is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces, per the Constitution of Pakistan. The office-holder represents the \\\"unity of the Republic\\\". The current President of Pakistan is Arif Alvi. The President is kept informed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan on all matters of internal and foreign policy, as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution vests the President with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves, and the control of the military; however, all appointments at higher\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486135\",\n \"text\": \"violating the Constitution or of gross misconduct, then the President shall cease to hold office immediately on the passing of the resolution. No president has faced impeachment proceedings. However, the proceedings have been used in 2008 in an attempt to impeach former president Pervez Musharraf who tendered the resignation after the proceedings above were used. From 1947 until 1956, the Governor-General of Pakistan acted for the head of state: King George VI (until 1952) and Queen Elizabeth II (from 1952). With the promulgation of the first Constitution, Pakistan became an Islamic republic in 1956, and the Governor-General was replaced with\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486138\",\n \"text\": \"the Awami League gaining a majority in East Pakistan (current day Bangladesh). After he was unable to reach a compromise between the PPP and the Awami League, President Yahya Khan invited Nurul Amin of the Pakistan Muslim League to become the Prime Minister, and also appointed him as the first Vice President. The growing instigated violence against Pakistanis in East Pakistan forced President Yahya Khan to use force in order to maintain order there, which further escalated Bengali resistance (1970). Preemptive strikes against India led to another war in 1971, which freed East Pakistan and created Bangladesh. Taking personal responsibility\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17040828\",\n \"text\": \"Acting President of Pakistan The Acting President of Pakistan () is a temporary post provided for by the Constitution of Pakistan. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the Chairman of the Senate assumes the office, as per the line of succession to the President of Pakistan. The Speaker of the National Assembly is second in the line of succession. Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry acted as president periodically during his tenure as Speaker of the National Assembly, whenever Ayub Khan was out of the country. In addition, two acting\",\n \"title\": \"Acting President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486139\",\n \"text\": \"for the political isolation and devastation of Pakistan after the fall of East Pakistan, President Yahya Khan stepped down and ceded power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. President Bhutto created the current Constitution of Pakistan in 1973, transforming Pakistan into a parliamentary democracy, and reducing presidential powers to that of a ceremonial figurehead. The general elections held in 1977 resulted in an atmosphere of civil unrest instigated by the right-wing alliance, the Pakistan National Alliance. The events leading to it resulted in military intervention by chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq and Chairman Joint Chiefs Admiral Mohammad Shariff. Suspending the Constitution\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762412\",\n \"text\": \"documents to the Election Commission. Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan) Mohammad Ayub Khan (; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974), , was a Pakistani military dictator and the second President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from the first President Iskander Mirza through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969. Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762347\",\n \"text\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan) Mohammad Ayub Khan (; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974), , was a Pakistani military dictator and the second President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from the first President Iskander Mirza through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969. Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British Indian Army before deciding to\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3682681\",\n \"text\": \"is not available, the speaker of the National Assembly performs the duties of the president of Pakistan. The Electoral College of Pakistan is responsible for electing a new president. The Amendment XVIII, Article 49 of the Constitution of Pakistan covers this matter. Chairman or Speaker to act as, or perform functions of, President In this article, the Chairman refers to the Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan. Line of succession to the President of Pakistan Line of succession to the President of Pakistan: Pakistan, by law, has a parliamentary democratic system of government that has been modified several times since\",\n \"title\": \"Line of succession to the President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3682680\",\n \"text\": \"Line of succession to the President of Pakistan Line of succession to the President of Pakistan: Pakistan, by law, has a parliamentary democratic system of government that has been modified several times since its inception. The prime minister of Pakistan is the head of the government, while the president of Pakistan, by law and by statute, is a constitutional figurehead. The constitution does not allow a vice president, but the chairman of the Senate of Pakistan officiates in the absence of the President and takes over on the President's death or removal from office. If the chairman of the Senate\",\n \"title\": \"Line of succession to the President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17040829\",\n \"text\": \"presidents have been in office in recent history for short periods of time: Wasim Sajjad and Muhammad Mian Soomro. Sajjad served as acting president on two non-consecutive occasions in 1993 and 1997–98 respectively. Acting President of Pakistan The Acting President of Pakistan () is a temporary post provided for by the Constitution of Pakistan. In the case where a president's term of office is terminated early or during the absence of the president, the Chairman of the Senate assumes the office, as per the line of succession to the President of Pakistan. The Speaker of the National Assembly is second\",\n \"title\": \"Acting President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20629154\",\n \"text\": \"Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan The Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan is the senior most bureaucratic aide to the President of Pakistan. The position holder is a BPS-22 grade officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service. The Principal Secretary is the administrative head as well as the highest-ranking official of Aiwan-e-Sadr. The Principal Secretary advises and assists the President on all the official business routed through the Aiwan-e-Sadr, and because of this the PS to President is generally regarded as the most crucial aide to the President. The duties of the Principal Secretary includes, but\",\n \"title\": \"Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20629155\",\n \"text\": \"are not limited to; dealing with official paperwork in the Aiwan-e-Sadr, placing before the President critical files of importance for approval, coordinating activities in the Aiwan-e-Sadr, and preparing notes on issues to be discussed by the President with senior politicians, bureaucrats and other dignitaries. Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan The Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan is the senior most bureaucratic aide to the President of Pakistan. The position holder is a BPS-22 grade officer, usually belonging to the Pakistan Administrative Service. The Principal Secretary is the administrative head as well as the highest-ranking official of Aiwan-e-Sadr.\",\n \"title\": \"Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486130\",\n \"text\": \"of the National Security Council who had authority and control over the nuclear and strategic arsenals; however, the chairmanship and the powers transferred back to Prime Minister. Furthermore, the presidential powers have significantly declined with Pakistan's government reversed to a parliamentary democratic republic. The Constitution of Pakistan sets the principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the President. A President has to be: Whenever the \\\"Aiwan-e-Sadr\\\" becomes vacant, the selection of president is done by the electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament (the Senate and National Assembly) and the four\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762369\",\n \"text\": \"elections to be held. The conservative Pakistan Muslim League, led under its President A.Q. Khan, was also gaining momentum in West Pakistan and threatened for the \\\"Dharna\\\" movement. These events were against President Mirza hence he was willing to dissolve even Pakistan's One Unit for his advantage. On the midnight of 7 and 8 October 1958, President Mirza ordered a mass mobilization of Pakistan Armed Forces and abrogated the Constitution after sending a letter to Prime Minister Feroze and the Constituent Assembly about the coup d'état. Most of the politicians became only aware of coup the next morning; only the\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762385\",\n \"text\": \"Peshawar in 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency's spy activities grew immensely during his presidency but such activities were exposed in 1960 when the Soviet Union's air defence intercept and shot down the U-2 plane by the S-75 missile, and captured its pilot. This incident severely compromised the national security of Pakistan that brought the Soviet ire on Pakistan but President Ayub had all knowledge of the operation and full aware of what happened in the Soviet Union. While in United Kingdom to pay state visit, the CIA station chief told President Ayub who shrugged his shoulders and said that he\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762392\",\n \"text\": \"Bhutto convinced the President and the Finance Minister Muhammad Shoaib that India would not attack Pakistan due to Kashmir being a disputed territory, and per Bhutto's remarks: \\\"Pakistan’s incursion into Indian-occupied Kashmir, at [A]khnoor, would not provide [India] with the justification for attacking Pakistan across the international boundary because Kashmir was a disputed territory\\\". This theory proved wrong when India launched a full-scale war against West-Pakistan in 1965. His army chief General Musa Khan did not order the Pakistan Army without the confirmation by President Ayub Khan despite Foreign Minister Bhutto's urging However, after the Indian Army advanced towards the\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762395\",\n \"text\": \"led him to announce the presidential elections in 1965. He earned the nomination from Pakistan Muslim League (PML) and was shocked to see when Fatima Jinnah earned the nomination from the Combined Opposition Parties. Fatima Jinnah had gained a lot of support from Karachi, Lahore, and various parts in West Pakistan and East Pakistan as opposed to President Ayub Khan. Jinnah targeted the Indus Waters Treaty and his over-reliance on the United States and troubled relations with the Soviet Union. During the elections, President Ayub earned notoriety when his son, Gohar Ayub Khan, was named in media for his involvement\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486127\",\n \"text\": \"commands of the military must be made by the President on a \\\"required and necessary\\\" basis, upon consultation and approval from the Prime Minister. In addition, the Constitution prohibits the President from exercising the authority of running the government. The president is indirectly elected by the Parliament of Pakistan through the Electoral College for a five-year term. The Constitution requires the President to be a \\\"Muslim of not less than forty five (45) years of age\\\". The President resides in an estate in Islamabad known as Aiwan-e-Sadar (Presidential Palace). There have been a total of 13 Presidents. In the absence\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486133\",\n \"text\": \"preserve and defend the Constitution as follows: The Constitution discusses the possibility of an acting president. Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates in case of vacancy as the constitution does not allow for a vice president: The President may be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment. The President can be removed for violation of the Constitution of Pakistan. The impeachment process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. The house initiates the process by leveling the charges against the President. The charges are contained in a notice that has\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15376134\",\n \"text\": \"Peoples Party struggled hard against the ruthless dictatorship of General Zia-ul-Haq, which was sponsored by the United States. The left-wing parties and socialism in the country met with harsh political opposition from the conservative Pakistan Muslim League and the hard-line religious bloc Clergy Coalition. The Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan further declined the popular support of socialism in the country. The ultra-conservative President Zia-ul-Haq dealt with socialists, communists and the Marxist mass with harsh political oppression. The seeds of the genuine Marxist politics was planted in 1980 in Netherlands, when a number of leftist Pakistani activists who had fled Pakistan\",\n \"title\": \"Socialism in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486137\",\n \"text\": \"Controversy regarding the U-2 incident (1960), privatization (1963), and war with India (1965), fueled a fierce left-wing opposition movement led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the PPP and Bengali nationalist Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who, with the support of demonstrators, aimed to further weaken the presidency. Suffering from paralysis and declining health, Ayub Khan handed over the presidency to army chief General Yahya Khan, who imposed martial law and announced that nationwide elections would be held in 1970. Eventually, general elections were held in 1970 which saw the PPP gaining a majority of seats in West Pakistan (current day Pakistan) and\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762355\",\n \"text\": \"out with him was the future chief of army staff of the Indian Army, General J. N. Chaudhri who served as chief when Ayub was the President of Pakistan. After the standard probationary period of service in the British Army, he was appointed to the British Indian Army on 10 April 1929, joining the 1/14th Punjab Regiment \\\"Sherdils\\\", now known as 5th Punjab Regiment. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 2 May 1930 and to Captain on 2 February 1937. During World War II, he was promoted to the temporary rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in 1942 and was posted in Burma\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17615934\",\n \"text\": \"of Islamic insurgence\\\". Reciprocating President Zia's sentiments, Imam Khomeini, in his letter, called for Muslim unity. He declared, \\\"Ties with Pakistan are based on Islam.\\\" By 1981, Pakistan under President Zia-ul-Haq was close allies again with the United States, and came under its sphere of influence; a position Pakistan has remained in since. In 1980, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein went on to the proposal which invaded Iran. Pakistan immediately deployed its military contingent to protect the Gulf states against the Iranian threat, placing ~40,000 military personnel in Saudi Arabia for security and training purposes. Reportedly, Pakistan also began to supply\",\n \"title\": \"Pakistan and the Iran–Iraq War\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20898119\",\n \"text\": \"The Struggle Pakistan The Struggle () is a \\\"Trotskyite\\\", Left-wing organization in Pakistan whose main theoretician is Lal Khan. The seeds of the genuine Marxist politics was planted in 1980 in Netherlands, when a number of leftist Pakistani activists who had fled Pakistan to escape Zia’s repression found themselves in Amsterdam in the cold November of 1980. The country was ruled by the notorious General Zia. These leftist Pakistani activists were Farooq Tariq, Tanvir Gondal (now better known as Lal Khan), Muhammed Amjad and Ayub Gorya who Brainstormed ideas and strategies to oppose Zia while in exile and came up\",\n \"title\": \"The Struggle Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20898127\",\n \"text\": \"in Pakistani general election, 2018 its prominent leader Ali Wazir has been elected as member of National Assembly of Pakistan. The Struggle Pakistan The Struggle () is a \\\"Trotskyite\\\", Left-wing organization in Pakistan whose main theoretician is Lal Khan. The seeds of the genuine Marxist politics was planted in 1980 in Netherlands, when a number of leftist Pakistani activists who had fled Pakistan to escape Zia’s repression found themselves in Amsterdam in the cold November of 1980. The country was ruled by the notorious General Zia. These leftist Pakistani activists were Farooq Tariq, Tanvir Gondal (now better known as Lal\",\n \"title\": \"The Struggle Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15190929\",\n \"text\": \"The Who Tour 1980 The Who Tour 1980 was The Who's second concert tour since the death of original drummer Keith Moon, supporting their 1978 album \\\"Who Are You\\\". Aside from six warm-up shows in Europe, the tour focused primarily on the areas of North America not covered in the band's previous tour, which had focused on the northeastern United States. The set list was very similar to what they played on that tour, save the omission of \\\"The Punk and the Godfather\\\", which was only performed once in 1980. \\\"The Relay\\\" was played for the first time since their\",\n \"title\": \"The Who Tour 1980\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12414225\",\n \"text\": \"Minister of Defence (Pakistan) The Minister of Defence heads the Ministry of Defence and Pakistan Army, Pakistan Air Force, and Pakistan Navy. The minister serves in the cabinet of the Prime Minister, and is required to be a member of Parliament. In the history of the country, the defence portfolio has usually been headed by the head of the government, be that the President or Prime Minister of the country. The first defence minister, not also to be the head of the government, was General Ayub Khan, then Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army. From the 1980 onwards, the defence minister\",\n \"title\": \"Minister of Defence (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762348\",\n \"text\": \"transfer to join the Pakistan Army as an aftermath of partition of British India in 1947. His command assignment included his role as chief of staff of Eastern Command in East-Bengal and elevated as the first native Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army in 1951 by then-Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in a controversial promotion over several senior officers. From 1953–58, he served in the civilian government as Defence and Home Minister and supported President Iskander Mirza's decision to impose martial law against Prime Minister Feroze Khan's administration in 1958. Two weeks later, he took over the presidency from Mirza after\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18111251\",\n \"text\": \"Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1959–60 The Australian national cricket team visited Pakistan in November and December 1959 and played a three-match Test series against the Pakistani national cricket team. Australia won the Test series 2–0. Australia were captained by Richie Benaud and Pakistan by Fazal Mahmood. Day four of the third test in Karachi was notably attended by U.S. president Dwight Eisenhower, who was visiting Pakistan at the time. Eisenhower, who was accompanied by Pakistan's president Ayub Khan, became the \\\"first American President to watch Test cricket\\\". According to Arunabha Sengupta, the day proved challenging for Pakistan who\",\n \"title\": \"Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1959–60\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762370\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. Ambassador James Langley was kept aware of the political development in the country. President Mirza appointed General Ayub as its chief martial law administrator (CMLA) to enforce the martial law in both exclave–West and East Pakistan. However, President Mirza soon realized his mistake by making Ayub as the CMLA and repented his actions in news media about the delicate position he had gotten himself into. He regretted his decision and said: \\\"I did not mean to do it,\\\" while offering assurances that the martial law would be for the shortest possible duration. In an attempt to consolidate the powers\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16761521\",\n \"text\": \"1957. Within two months Chundrigar was dismissed. He was followed by Sir Feroz Noon, who proved to be an incapable prime minister. Public support for the Muslim League led by Nurul Amin began to threaten President Mirza who was becoming unpopular, especially in West Pakistan. In less than two years, Mirza dismissed four elected prime ministers, and was increasingly under pressure to call new elections in 1958. In October 1958 President Iskandar Mirza issued orders for a massive mobilisation of the Pakistan Armed Forces and appointed Chief of Army Staff General Ayub Khan as Commander-in-chief. President Mirza declared a state\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15190934\",\n \"text\": \"otherwise specified): Encores (variations of the following list): There were some set list substitutions, variations, and order switches during the tour. \\\"Dreaming from the Waist\\\" was played in place of \\\"Music Must Change\\\" in the first two shows of this leg and \\\"See Me, Feel Me\\\" occasionally followed \\\"Sparks\\\" instead of \\\"Pinball Wizard\\\". The Who Tour 1980 The Who Tour 1980 was The Who's second concert tour since the death of original drummer Keith Moon, supporting their 1978 album \\\"Who Are You\\\". Aside from six warm-up shows in Europe, the tour focused primarily on the areas of North America not\",\n \"title\": \"The Who Tour 1980\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18129610\",\n \"text\": \"Chief Justice Shahabuddin bench heard \\\"The State vs. Dosso & anor.\\\", under which the majority of Chief Justice Shahabuddin bench provided the legal validation of the martial law imposed by President of Pakistan Iskander Mirza. In further, President Mirza was dismissed in two weeks by Chief of Army Staff General Ayub Khan whose actions was also to be held valid by Chief Justice Shahabuddin's court. The first ever Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) was declared by General Zia ul Haq on 25 March 1981. Established by General Muhammad Zia ul-Haq in 1980, the Shariat Appellate Bench is composed of three Muslim\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Supreme Court of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762398\",\n \"text\": \"of the time and many saw the results with great suspicions. The controversial winning over Fatima Jinnah in presidential elections and the outcomes of war with India in 1965 brought devastating results for Ayub Khan's image and his presidency. Upon returning from Tashkent, Foreign Minister Bhutto went to the television media and criticized President Ayub for selling nation's honor and sacrifice which promoted President Ayub to deposed Bhutto. In Karachi, the public resentment towards Ayub had been rising since the 1965 elections and his policies were widely disapproved. In 1967, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed the socialist Pakistan Peoples Party and\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16563295\",\n \"text\": \"series win as test captain of Pakistan. It was a notable personal success for Allan Border who scored over 600 runs, and a disappointment for David Hookes, who only scored 10 runs for the whole tour. Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1979–80 The Australian cricket team toured Pakistan in February to March 1980 to play a three-match Test series against Pakistan. Pakistan won the test series 1-0. There was some original doubt whether the tour would go ahead due to financial problems. Eventually the tour guarantee was increased and the amount of games played cut from eight matches to\",\n \"title\": \"Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1979–80\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15415082\",\n \"text\": \"Russians in Pakistan Russians in Pakistan are a small expatriate community and consist entirely of students, employees, families and diplomats stationed inside the country. During the nine-year Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, Moscow had attempted to establish a commercial and industrial presence in Pakistan, by opening an Aeroflot office and setting up subsidiaries of steel and oil industries as well as a tractor factory. With only 56 Soviets in Pakistan in 1972, their numbers had suddenly jumped to 1,374 by 1980. In his book, the French political expert Roland Jacquard mentions that Pakistani authorities, who were already opposed to the Soviet\",\n \"title\": \"Russians in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762357\",\n \"text\": \"Brigade in mountainous South Waziristan. When the United Kingdom announced the partition British India into India and Pakistan, he was one of the most senior serving officers in the British Indian Army who decided to opt for Pakistan in 1947. At the time of his joining, the Indian Army sent the military seniority list to Pakistan's Ministry of Defence (MoD) where he was the 10th ranking officer in terms of seniority with Service No. PA-010. In the early part of 1948, he was given the command of the 14th Infantry Division as its GOC, (still ranked Brigadier) stationed in Dacca,\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762389\",\n \"text\": \"American pressure and a lack of understanding of Foreign affairs Upon hearing this proposal, India's Prime Minister Nehru reportedly counter-ask \\\"Defence Minister Ayub: Joint Defence on what?.\\\" India remained uninterested with such proposal and Prime Minister Nehru decided to push his country's role in the Non-Aligned Movement In 1960, President Ayub signed the water treaty with Prime Minister Nehru that was facilitated by the World Bank as its witness. In 1964, the Pakistan Army engaged with Indian Army in several skirmishes, and a secretive operations began to place around that time. The war with India in 1965 was a turning\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762349\",\n \"text\": \"the meltdown of civil-military relations between the military and the civilian President. After appointing General Musa Khan as an army chief in 1958, the policy inclination towards the alliance with the United States was pursued that saw the allowance of American access to facilities inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of Peshawar, from which spy missions over the Soviet Union were launched. Relations with neighboring China were strengthened but deteriorated with Soviet Union in 1962, and with India in 1965. His presidency saw the war with India in 1965 which ended with Soviet Union facilitating the Tashkent Declaration between\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762386\",\n \"text\": \"had expected this would happen at some point. Ayub Khan had to publicly offer his apologies to the Soviet Union after USSR Secretary General Nikita Khrushchev made a threat to bomb Peshawar. President Ayub directed initiatives to Foreign Office to reduce tensions with the Soviet Union by facilitating state visits of Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin and Soviet Foreign minister Gromyko in Pakistan on a condition of downplaying relations with the United States. In 1960, he signed the historic frontier agreement with China despite the US urgings and was a significant event in history of Cold war where a non-communist country\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8108526\",\n \"text\": \"Television in Pakistan Television in Pakistan started in 1964, and the first live transmission of Pakistan Television began on November 26, 1964, in Lahore. Originally a private sector project in 1961 by prominent industrialist Syed Wajjid Ali who signed a joint venture agreement with Nipon Electric Company (NEC), leading Pakistani engineer Ubaidur Rahman was appointed by Wajjid Ali to head the television project. By 1962, after a series of pilot transmission tests, the project was quickly taken over by the Ayub Khan Government in 1963 for the \\\"greater national interest of Pakistan\\\". President Ayub Khan re-appointed Ubaidur Rahman in 1963\",\n \"title\": \"Television in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10040046\",\n \"text\": \"funds from his compulsory zakat collection which began in 1980. Another benefactor was Saudi Arabia who, starting in the mid-1980s, sought to counteract help the Islamist Islamic Republic of Iran was giving to the assertive Shia minority in Pakistan, with \\\"substantial funds\\\" to expand conservative Sunni madrassas. According to The News International, in 1947 there were only 189 madrassas in Pakistan but \\\"over 40,000\\\" by 2008. According to David Commins their number grew from around 900 in 1971 to over 8000 official ones and another 25,000 unofficial ones in 1988. In 2002 the country had 10,000-13,000 unregistered madrassas with an\",\n \"title\": \"Madrassas in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13824173\",\n \"text\": \"including Philippines illegally studying in the Pakistani Madrasahs. Some Filipinos are also nurses in Pakistan. In 2007, following a state of emergency declared by Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf, about 200 Filipinos gathered in Islamabad on the advice of Ambassador Jimmy Yambao to call for protest. However, there have no direct threats to safety of Filipinos in Pakistan reported. Filipinos in Pakistan Filipinos in Pakistan () consist of migrants from the Philippines. In 2008, an estimated 3,000 work as domestic workers, according to the statistics of the Philippine government. Many Filipino women came to Pakistan for work and those who later\",\n \"title\": \"Filipinos in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16769207\",\n \"text\": \"Party (PPP) for most of Pakistan's history since independence. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the founder of PPP and served as the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the fourth President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. His daughter, Benazir Bhutto, also served as the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from 1988 until 1990 and 1993 until 1996. She was married to Asif Ali Zardari, the who became President of Pakistan after her death. Her daughters alternately served as the First Lady of Pakistan. Notable members of Bhutto family\",\n \"title\": \"First Families of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16541167\",\n \"text\": \"number of polio cases in 2014, and as of October 2015, it has maintained this record. However, the number of cases in 2015 are a fraction of those recorded in 2014. The country has announced a goal of eradication by 2016. The Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) was begun in Pakistan by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the 1970s to combat deaths from six vaccine-preventable diseases. In 1980, the EPI had vaccinated just 2% of the population against polio; by 1990, the coverage had increased to 54%. In a 1994 interview, CDC officials predicted total polio eradication in Pakistan\",\n \"title\": \"Poliomyelitis in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7535867\",\n \"text\": \"less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Parliament in a joint sitting of the two Houses, convened for the purpose. In case the office of the president becomes vacant for any reason, the chairman, or if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of the president, the Speaker, acts as president till such time that a president is elected. Same is the case when the president by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause is unable to perform his functions. Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan The Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan\",\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762404\",\n \"text\": \"his villa near Islamabad. His presidency was characterised by an increasing dependency on East Pakistan for export revenues, coupled with an exclusion of East Pakistan from political influence. This laid the foundation for breaking up of the nation's unity in 1971. Ayub Khan's presidency allied Pakistan with the American-led military alliance against the Soviet Union which helped Pakistan developed its strong economic background, long-term political and strategic relations with the United States. Major economic aid and trade from the United States and European Communities ultimately led Pakistan's industrial sector developed rapidly but the consequences of cartelization included increased inequality in\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762394\",\n \"text\": \"army had not shared the plans with other forces.\\\" Ayub Khan's main sponsor, the United States, did not welcome the move and the Kennedy administration placed an economic embargo that caused Pakistan to lose $500 million in aid and grants that had been received through consortium. Ayub Khan could not politically survive in the aftermath of 1965 war with India and fell from the presidency after surrendering the presidential power to Army Commander General Yahya in 1969. In 1964, President Ayub Khan had been confident in his apparent popularity and saw the deep divisions within the political opposition which ultimately\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3491353\",\n \"text\": \"who were directly responsible to him. The electoral system was made indirect, and the `Basic Democrats', for both wings were declared Electoral College for the purpose of electing the assemblies and the president. Basic democrats were 80,000 in number (40,000 from each East and West Pakistan). The total membership of the National Assembly was 156, one half of whom were to be elected from East Pakistan and other half from West Pakistan, also three seats were reserved for women from each province. The term of this Assembly was three years. The norm was established that if the president was from\",\n \"title\": \"Parliament of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17457422\",\n \"text\": \"The basis of Pakistan were Muslims in South Asia are a separate culture. It was the Two-Nation Theory that lead to the independence of Pakistan.\\\" The university curriculum in the country was upgraded by President Zia-ul-Haq, that includes the teaching of Islamic Studies and Arabic languages courses, which were made compulsory for students to get their degrees in arts and social sciences. The Pakistan Studies were made compulsorily for engineering, medical education, commerce, law and nursing education. Extra educational certificates and diplomas were given to people who were \\\"Hafiz\\\". On national priorities, the atomic bomb project was aggressively put forwarded\",\n \"title\": \"Conservatism in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20872557\",\n \"text\": \"alliances. Labour laws relating to trade unions or the Industrial Relations Act 2012 do not enable workers to form unions. There is also very little room for those who are already organized in trade unions to bargain for the collective rights of workers. Major confederation Pakistan Labour organization \\\"'major federations\\\" Major unions Trade Unions in Pakistan Trade unions in Pakistan are regulated under provincial industrial relations acts. Under the Constitution of Pakistan, labour is considered a shared responsibility of the federal and provincial governments. The latest Industrial Relation Act was promulgated on 12 March 2012 by President of Pakistan. National\",\n \"title\": \"Trade Unions in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2623345\",\n \"text\": \"Prime Minister who was also the Vice-President. Negotiations that fall apart between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Mujibur Rehman, and Yahya Khan that prompted to liberation movement in the East Pakistan. With India intervening in East Pakistan and Pakistan conceding defeat to end the war led to the collapse of the presidential system in 1971. As the comprehensive Constitution reinstated in 1973, the post was reestablished with more central powers as the constitution provided a parliamentary system with President of Pakistan as figurehead. Amid agitation instigated by the right-wing alliance invited the military intervention in 1977 which suspended the post. The general\",\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19672972\",\n \"text\": \"Provincial Government of East Pakistan The Provincial Government of East Pakistan governed the East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) province and was centered in its provincial capital Dhaka. The head of the province was the Governor, who was nominated by the President of Pakistan. While the head of the province of East Pakistan was the Chief Minister who was elected by the East Pakistan Assembly. The East Pakistani government was dominated by the Awami League. It was succeeded by the Government of Bangladesh following the province's secession in 1971. After absorption into the Dominion of Pakistan, the province of East Pakistan (former\",\n \"title\": \"Provincial Government of East Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20306381\",\n \"text\": \"during the transfer of power, which evolved into the All Pakistan Women s Association. Later on Fatima Jinnah set up a secret radio station to running for president when it was perceived to be a man's role. These are some of the empowering stories that are often left untold and very few people talk about this effort of empowering women in Pakistan. Begum Ra'na Liaquat Ali Khan helped the refugees who fled India during partition and also organized the All Pakistan Women s Association in 1949, two years after the creation of her country. Noticing that there were not many\",\n \"title\": \"Feminism in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7589352\",\n \"text\": \"to education. Sister John Berchmans Conway - On 15 February 2012, the President of Pakistan approved conferment of Sitara Quaid-e-Azam on Sister Berchmans for her services towards education and promoting interfaith harmony in Pakistan. Father Robert McCulloch - On 15 February 2012, the President of Pakistan approved conferment of Sitara Quaid-e-Azam on McCulloch for his services to Pakistan in health and education. Brother Emmanuel Nicholas - The President of Pakistan conferred the civil award of Tamgha-i-Pakistan (Medal of Pakistan) on Bro. Emmanuel Nicholas in recognition of his outstanding and meritorious services to the education sector in Pakistan. Norma Fernandes -\",\n \"title\": \"Catholic Church in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13843094\",\n \"text\": \"the Chief martial law administrator. Thirteen days later, Mirza himself was exiled by Ayub Khan, who appointed himself president. Operation Fair Play was the code name for the coup d'etat conducted at midnight on July 4, 1977 by the Pakistan military, led by Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq, against the government of then-Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. General Zia ordered the arrest of Bhutto, his ministers and other leaders of both the Pakistan People's Party and the Pakistan National Alliance. In a nationally televised address, General Zia announced that the National Assembly of Pakistan and all provincial assemblies were\",\n \"title\": \"Military coups in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762378\",\n \"text\": \"medium and small-scale industries in Pakistan. This opened up avenues for new job opportunities and thus the economic graph of the country started rising. He oversaw the development and completion of mega projects such as hydroelectric dams, power stations, and barrages in all over the country. During 1960–66, the annual GDP growth was recorded at 6.8%. Several energy conservation programs were completed such as World's one of the largest dam, the Mangla Dam and several small dams and water reservoirs in West Pakistan while completing one dam in East Pakistan: Kaptai Dam. Plans toward harnessing energy from nuclear sources were\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762358\",\n \"text\": \"East-Pakistan. In 1949, he was appointed as army commander of Eastern Command and decorated with the Hilal-i-Jurat (HJ) by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan for non-combatant service and called back to Army GHQ as an adjutant-general on November of same year. Lieutenant General Sir Douglas Gracey relinquished the command of the Pakistan Army on 23 January 1951, under pressure of calls for \\\"nationalisation\\\" of the army. The Pakistan government already called for appointing native commanders-in-chief of army, air force, navy and dismissed deputation appointments from the British military. The Army GHQ sent the nomination papers to Prime Minister's Secretariat for\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7023303\",\n \"text\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly, is the presiding official of the National Assembly of Pakistan– a lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan. The office has its roots in 1947 and was reestablished in 1973 in accordance to the Constitution; the speaker presides over the chamber composed of people's representatives elected on the basis of universal franchise. The Speaker is Second in the line of succession to the President of Pakistan and occupies fourth position in the Warrant of Precedence, after the President,\",\n \"title\": \"Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19672973\",\n \"text\": \"East Bengal) was administered by a ceremonial Governor and an indirectly elected Chief Minister. During the year from May 1954 to August 1955, executive powers were exercised by the Governor and there was no Chief Minister. Provincial Government of East Pakistan The Provincial Government of East Pakistan governed the East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) province and was centered in its provincial capital Dhaka. The head of the province was the Governor, who was nominated by the President of Pakistan. While the head of the province of East Pakistan was the Chief Minister who was elected by the East Pakistan Assembly. The\",\n \"title\": \"Provincial Government of East Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6974839\",\n \"text\": \"Government of Balochistan, Pakistan The Government of Balochistan () is based in the largest province of Pakistan in Quetta. The head of the province is the Governor, who is nominated by the President of Pakistan. The chief executive of the Government of Balochistan is the Chief Minister who is elected by the Balochistan Assembly and the administrative boss of the province is the Chief Secretary of Balochistan who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. The province of Balochistan in Pakistan contains most of historical Balochistan and is named after the Baloch. Neighbouring regions are Iranian Balochistan to the\",\n \"title\": \"Government of Balochistan, Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18794567\",\n \"text\": \"B. Anderson ran with the 38th Governor of Wisconsin Patrick Lucey. 1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin The 1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and The District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Wisconsin voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Wisconsin was won by Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against incumbent United States President Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, Carter ran for\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18794566\",\n \"text\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin The 1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and The District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Wisconsin voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Wisconsin was won by Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against incumbent United States President Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, Carter ran for a second time with Representative Walter Mondale of Minnesota and John\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Wisconsin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18111252\",\n \"text\": \"managed just 104 runs at a loss of 5 wickets, with Hanif Mohammed putting up the lone resistance against Australian bowlers. The U.S. president, who was seen \\\"cheering the rare attacking strokes\\\" and applauding every \\\"decent effort in the field\\\", used the occasion for cricket diplomacy – signing a cricket bat and sporting a Pakistan blazer. When Australian captain Riche Benaud saw Eisenhower wearing the blazer, he jokingly remarked: \\\"Mr President… you have joined the other camp.\\\" Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1959–60 The Australian national cricket team visited Pakistan in November and December 1959 and played a three-match\",\n \"title\": \"Australian cricket team in Pakistan in 1959–60\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486144\",\n \"text\": \"Musharraf's rule was found dubious. A populist constitutional movement eventually resulted in Musharraf's departure. On 22 August 2008, the electoral commission called for presidential nominations to be delivered by 26 August 2008 and for elections to be held on 6 September 2008. After the presidential election held in 2008, Asif Ali Zardari lobbied for constitutional amendment to restore the Constitution as it was in 1973. In 2010, the Parliament unanimously and with a large majority, passed the eighteenth amendment of the constitution. It revoked the presidential powers and changed Pakistan from a semi-presidential system of government to a parliamentary republic,\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762354\",\n \"text\": \"Andrew Skeen; he did not complete his degree and departed for Great Britain. Ayub Khan was fluent in Urdu, English and his regional Hindko dialect as well as Pashto. According to some accounts, Ayub Khan's performance at the Sandhurst Military Academy in the United Kingdom was good, earning him awards and scholarships. He was commissioned as a 2nd Lt. on 2 February 1928 in the 1/14th Punjab Regiment (1st Battalion of the 14th Punjab Regiment) of the British Indian Army — it is now known as the 5th battalion of the Punjab Regiment of Pakistan Army. Amongst those who passed\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19198324\",\n \"text\": \"Diocese of Hyderabad (Church of Pakistan) The Diocese of Hyderabad is one of the 8 dioceses of the Church of Pakistan. The diocese was formed in 1980 and serves the entirety of the Sindh province of Pakistan, with the exception of Karachi. Most of its parishes exist in the rural areas of the province. The current bishop of the diocese is Rt Rev Kaleem John. There are about 26 parishes that under the purview of the diocese. Most of them have a core urban congregation of Punjabi and Indian families who had converted to Christianity at the turn of the\",\n \"title\": \"Diocese of Hyderabad (Church of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17703824\",\n \"text\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Texas The 1980 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Texas voters chose 26 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States. Texas was won by Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against incumbent President Jimmy Carter of Georgia. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, and Carter ran with Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota. Despite Texas‘\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Texas\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17468389\",\n \"text\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Alaska The 1980 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on November 4, 1980, as part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Alaska was won by Ronald Reagan (R–California) with 54.3% of the popular vote against incumbent President Jimmy Carter (D–Georgia) with 26.4%. Reagan ultimately won the national vote, defeating Carter and becoming the next President. Alaska has only voted Democratic once, and that was in 1964 for Lyndon B. Johnson. Libertarian candidate Ed Clark\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Alaska\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762383\",\n \"text\": \"spending on nuclear technology and was against of establishing a nuclear power plant in Karachi over on cost. It was Dr. Abdus Salam who had personally approved the project against the wishes of his own government. After the Sino-Indian war in 1962, the military appointments in civilian institutions grew further and defence spending on budget hiked. The physical size of the Pakistan Army's ground troops exponentially grew and the size of military budget grew from 5.79% (1960s) to 9.78% (1966) until being brought down to 6.1% (1967). The foreign relations with the United States and European Union were prioritized and\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6139745\",\n \"text\": \"of the 8 June attack on Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, for which the TTP and the IMU claimed responsibility. Terrorism in Pakistan Terrorism in Pakistan has become a major and highly destructive phenomenon in recent years. The annual death toll from terrorist attacks has risen from 164 in 2003 to 3318 in 2009, with a total of 35,000 Pakistanis killed between 11 September 2001 and May 2011. According to the government of Pakistan, the direct and indirect economic costs of terrorism from 2000–2010 total $68 billion. President Asif Ali Zardari, along with former President ex-Pakistan Army head Pervez Musharraf,\",\n \"title\": \"Terrorism in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6139737\",\n \"text\": \"Terrorism in Pakistan Terrorism in Pakistan has become a major and highly destructive phenomenon in recent years. The annual death toll from terrorist attacks has risen from 164 in 2003 to 3318 in 2009, with a total of 35,000 Pakistanis killed between 11 September 2001 and May 2011. According to the government of Pakistan, the direct and indirect economic costs of terrorism from 2000–2010 total $68 billion. President Asif Ali Zardari, along with former President ex-Pakistan Army head Pervez Musharraf, have admitted that terrorist outfits were \\\"deliberately created and nurtured\\\" by past governments \\\"as a policy to achieve some short-term\",\n \"title\": \"Terrorism in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15376122\",\n \"text\": \"members of Communist Party in West, eventually banning the Communist Party in West as well. Uncomfortable with the workings of democratic system, unruliness in the East Pakistan parliamentary elections and the threat of Baloch separatism in West-Pakistan, Bengali President Iskandar Ali Mirza issued a proclamation that abolished all political parties in both West and East Pakistan, abrogated the two-year-old constitution, and imposed the first martial law in the country on 7 October 1958. The Communist leader, Hassan Nasir, was repeatedly arrested by the police and died in prison in November 1960. After the martial law in 1958, President Ayub Khan\",\n \"title\": \"Socialism in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6556021\",\n \"text\": \"Forward Saleem Sherwani is not the same player as his namesake, Saleem Sherwani (field hockey goalkeeper) who was the Pakistan goalkeeper at the Munich Olympics in 1972 and in the Montreal Olympiad in 1976. Men's 74 kg Group A Men's 90 kg Group A Soling Class Finn Class 470 Class Pakistan at the 1984 Summer Olympics Pakistan competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. The nation returned to the Games after participating in the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Pakistan won the gold medal in the men's hockey team competition. Gold medal in the\",\n \"title\": \"Pakistan at the 1984 Summer Olympics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13034542\",\n \"text\": \"we want to keep those weapons classified? If the American government insists on our true cooperation, then they should also be helping us in fighting those terrorists\\\", said Said Nadeem. Pakistan President Zardari has also requested that Pakistan be given control over the drones, but this has been rejected by the US who are worried that Pakistanis will leak information about targets to militants. In December 2009 Pakistan's Defence minister Ahmad Mukhtar acknowledged that Americans were using Shamsi Airfield but stated that Pakistan was not satisfied with payments for using the facility. In December 2010 the CIA's Station Chief in\",\n \"title\": \"Drone strikes in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1762409\",\n \"text\": \"in 1969 estimated Gohar Ayub's personal wealth at the time at $4 million, while his family's wealth was put in the range of $10–20 million. Ayub Khan is critiqued for the growth in income inequality 5 million people fell below the poverty line. He is also blamed for not doing enough to tackle the significant economic disparity between East and West Pakistan whilst he was aware of the acute grievances of East Pakistan he did try to address the situation. However, the Ayub Khan regime was so highly centralized that, in the absence of democratic institutions, densely populated and politicized\",\n \"title\": \"Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12028069\",\n \"text\": \"the Secretary. Such was the case in the United States opening of relations with China, in which Pakistan acted an important role. It was the then Foreign Secretary Sultan M. Khan who was to arrange the secret visit of U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to China via Pakistan. This visit paved the way to opening of Sino-U.S. relations under President Richard Nixon. Some of other foreign secretaries, Agha Shahi, Abdul Sattar, Inamulhaque later rose to be Foreign Minister of Pakistan. The 26th Foreign Secretary was Salman Bashir, who was nominated by the ruling coalition in April 2008. He served\",\n \"title\": \"Foreign Secretary of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"314139\",\n \"text\": \"12 March 1949, the second Constituent Assembly of Pakistan passed the Objectives Resolution which proclaimed that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah alone. The promulgation of the Constitution in 1956 led to Pakistan declaring itself an Islamic republic (official name) with the adoption of a parliamentary democratic system of government. The constitution transformed the Governor-General of Pakistan into President of Pakistan (as head of state). Subsequently, Iskander Mirza became the first Bengali president in 1956, but the democratic system was stalled after President Mirza imposed a military coup d'état and appointed Ayub Khan as an enforcer of martial\",\n \"title\": \"History of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16694061\",\n \"text\": \"neighboring India who started the economic liberalisation later than a year in Pakistan. In 1980–89, the economic reforms gained momentum and hard efforts were put to liberalise the economy before the Fall of communism in the Soviet Union, as country had realized long ago. Pakistan's economic liberalisation reforms and policies were followed by India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal, however, in all of these countries, the index of imports and economical GDP growth rates increased, except Pakistan where its economic rates were either stagnated and stagflated. As compared to Indian economic liberalisation where growth rate of employment increased, on the\",\n \"title\": \"Economic liberalisation in Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15293927\",\n \"text\": \"Gallup Pakistan Gallup Pakistan, affiliated to Gallup International Association, is a research organization located in Pakistan. It was established in 1980 by experts trained at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University and Wharton School of Business. It is now considered the country’s largest and oldest research institution. It is not related to The Gallup Organization. Each year Gallup Pakistan conducts several high profile studies for the Government of Pakistan and international agencies. It has worked for a number of UN agencies in Pakistan, and has occasionally provided research support for projects conducted by academic institutions, World Bank, WHO, UNICEF,\",\n \"title\": \"Gallup Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16761496\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan The history of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan began on 14August 1947 when Pakistan gained independence from Great Britain, following the Pakistan Movement and the partition of British India. At the time Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan, today's Pakistan, and East Pakistan, today's Bangladesh. The President of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, became Governor-General, and the secretary general of the Muslim League, Liaquat Ali Khan became Prime Minister.Later Imran Khan became prime minister in 2018. Important leaders in the Muslim League highlighted that Pakistan would be a \\\"New Medina\\\", in other words\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8803804\",\n \"text\": \"place twice in an year at the parade grounds of the respective Academies. Usually, the President of Pakistan confers this honour. On 22 September 2006, aviation cadet Saira Amin was presented with the Sword of Honour at the Passing-Out Parade of the 117th GD Pilot Course. Sword of Honour (Pakistan) The Sword of Honour is an honorary sword awarded to that “Gentleman Cadet”, \\\"Officer Cadet\\\", \\\"Aviation Cadet\\\" or “Lady Cadet” who achieves an overall best performance during his or her entire training period at the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul, the Pakistan Air Force Academy at Risalpur, or the Pakistan\",\n \"title\": \"Sword of Honour (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486129\",\n \"text\": \"of the military, with Chairman joint chiefs being its chief military adviser to maintain the control of the military. After a thorough confirmation comes from the Prime Minister, the President confirms the judicial appointments in the national court system. In addition, the Constitution allows the President to grant pardons, reprieves, and clemency in cases recommended to him by the executive and the judiciary. The President himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office. From 2000 until 2009, the President was the chairman\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17070809\",\n \"text\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Maryland The 1980 United States presidential election in Maryland took place on November 4, 1980, as part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Voters chose ten representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. On election night, several news outlets actually incorrectly called the state for Ronald Reagan. In a similar vein, many of the same news outlets also called Massachusetts for President Carter, despite the fact that Reagan would ultimately end up winning that state by a very close margin. Maryland was won by incumbent President\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Maryland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14456575\",\n \"text\": \"Constitution of Pakistan over several decades by its military rulers. The amendment bill was passed by the Senate of Pakistan on April 15, 2010 and it became an act of parliament when President Asif Ali Zardari put his signature on the bill on April 19, 2010. It was the first time in Pakistan's history that a president relinquished a significant part of his powers willingly and transferred them to parliament and the office of the prime minister. The power of the President to dissolve the Parliament was enacted by the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan during the presidency\",\n \"title\": \"Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16636095\",\n \"text\": \"coup against Nawaz Sharif in 1999. Gang of Four (Pakistan) The Gang of Four was a quantified and common colloquial implicit term for a set of four military leaders in the Pakistan military who were central figures in the military dictatorship in Pakistan wherein generals and admirals of the Pakistan Armed Forces had control over the country. This specific quantified set was briefed in the classified intelligence matters by the executive branches of the government. It was first related to the President General Zia-ul-Haq, and staffers of his administration including General Akhtar Rahman, Rahimuddin Khan, and Zahid Ali Akbar. According\",\n \"title\": \"Gang of Four (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16636093\",\n \"text\": \"Gang of Four (Pakistan) The Gang of Four was a quantified and common colloquial implicit term for a set of four military leaders in the Pakistan military who were central figures in the military dictatorship in Pakistan wherein generals and admirals of the Pakistan Armed Forces had control over the country. This specific quantified set was briefed in the classified intelligence matters by the executive branches of the government. It was first related to the President General Zia-ul-Haq, and staffers of his administration including General Akhtar Rahman, Rahimuddin Khan, and Zahid Ali Akbar. According to the military authors, these four\",\n \"title\": \"Gang of Four (Pakistan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18125567\",\n \"text\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Virginia The 1980 United States presidential election in Virginia took place on November 4, 1980. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Virginia voters chose twelve electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States. Virginia was won by former California Governor Ronald Reagan of California with 53.03 percent of the vote, who was running against incumbent United States President Jimmy Carter of Georgia and Representative John B. Anderson of Illinois. The national election was ultimately won\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Virginia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"314141\",\n \"text\": \"1972 the leftist Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto came to power and in 1973 Pakistan's elected parliament promulgated the 1973 Constitution which proclaimed that no Pakistani law could contradict Islamic laws from the Quran and Sunnah. Bhutto faced vigorous opposition which united under the banner of Nizam e Mustafa (Rule of the Prophet) and demanded the establishment of an Islamic state. In 1977 Bhutto was deposed in a bloodless coup by General Zia-ul-Haq, who became the country's third military president. Zia-ul-Haq committed himself to the establishment of Sharia law in Pakistan. With the death of President\",\n \"title\": \"History of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"314142\",\n \"text\": \"Zia-ul-Haq in 1988, new general elections saw the victory of PPP led by Benazir Bhutto who was elevated as the country's first female Prime Minister of Pakistan. Over the next decade, she alternated power with the conservative Pakistan Muslim League-N (PML(N)) led by Nawaz Sharif, as the country's political and economic situation deteriorated. Military tensions in the Kargil conflict with India were followed by yet another coup d'état in 1999 in which General Pervez Musharraf assumed executive powers. Appointing himself President after the resignation of President Rafiq Tarar, Musharraf held nationwide general elections in 2002 to transfer the executive powers\",\n \"title\": \"History of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"314247\",\n \"text\": \"Pakistan joined Non-Aligned Movement in 1979. Politics of Pakistan The politics of Pakistan takes place within the framework established by the constitution. The country is a federal parliamentary republic in which provincial governments enjoy a high degree of autonomy and residuary powers. Executive power is vested with the national cabinet which is headed by the prime minister, who works coherently along with the bicameral parliament and the judicature. Stipulations set by the constitution provide a delicate check and balance of sharing powers between executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government. The head of state is the president who is\",\n \"title\": \"Politics of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486132\",\n \"text\": \"from the state voting in the electoral college. The constitution further states that election to the office of President will not be held earlier than sixty days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the President in office. The president is elected indirectly for a term of five years. The incumbent president is eligible for re-election to that office, but cannot hold that office for more than two consecutive terms. The president is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice—, an oath or affirmation that the president shall protect,\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12952200\",\n \"text\": \"Presidential Standard of Pakistan The Presidential Standard of Pakistan is the official flag of the President of Pakistan. The Presidential Standard consists of the background of the Flag of Pakistan with the gold Presidential Crest replacing the white crescent and star found in the Flag of Pakistan. The Presidential Crest consists of a smaller crescent and star flanked by wheat branches with the words \\\"Pakistan\\\" written in Urdu underneath. The Presidential Standard is displayed only in the presence of the President of Pakistan, particularly in the office and official residence of the President of Pakistan. It is always displayed alongside\",\n \"title\": \"Presidential Standard of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2486128\",\n \"text\": \"of the President, the Senate Chairman takes over as the Acting President until the President resumes office, or the election for the next President is held. The official residence and principal workplace of the president is Aiwan-e-Sadr— the presidential palace located in northeastern Islamabad. The presidency forms the vital institutional organ of state and is part of the bicameral Parliament. Powers to exercise the authority are limited to the ceremonial figurehead, and required to address the Parliament to give a direction for national policies before being informed of its key decisions. In addition, the President is also a civil commander-in-chief\",\n \"title\": \"President of Pakistan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17830589\",\n \"text\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Utah The 1980 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Utah voters chose four electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States. Utah was won by former Governor of California Ronald Reagan, the Republican nominee, who was running against incumbent President and former Governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter, the Democratic nominee. Reagan ran with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, and\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Utah\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17456299\",\n \"text\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts The 1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 4, 1980, as part of the 1980 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all fifty states and D.C. Voters chose 14 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Massachusetts was very narrowly carried by the Republican nominee, former Governor Ronald Reagan of California, over incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter of Georgia and Independent candidate Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois. On election day, Reagan won a plurality of 41.90 percent of the\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Massachusetts\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18792337\",\n \"text\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Illinois The 1980 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 4, 1980. All 50 states and The District of Columbia, were part of the 1980 United States presidential election. Illinois voters chose 26 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Illinois, the state where Republican candidate, former California Governor Ronald Reagan was born and raised, was won by him with an 8% margin of victory over Democratic candidate, President Jimmy Carter. Despite being the home state of Congressman John B. Anderson, he only won 7.3% of\",\n \"title\": \"1980 United States presidential election in Illinois\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["muhammad zia-ul-haq"],"string":"[\n \"muhammad zia-ul-haq\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":890,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which college did barack obama attend?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"11719442","text":"reunite him with his stepfather. In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in 1979 As a young adult, Obama moved to the contiguous United States, where he was educated at Occidental College, Columbia University, and Harvard Law School. In Chicago, Obama worked at various times as a community organizer, lawyer, Lecturer and Senior Lecturer of constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School in the city's South Side, and later published his memoir \"Dreams from My Father\" before beginning his political career in 1997 as a member of the Illinois Senate. Barack","title":"Early life and career of Barack Obama"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11719442\",\n \"text\": \"reunite him with his stepfather. In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in 1979 As a young adult, Obama moved to the contiguous United States, where he was educated at Occidental College, Columbia University, and Harvard Law School. In Chicago, Obama worked at various times as a community organizer, lawyer, Lecturer and Senior Lecturer of constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School in the city's South Side, and later published his memoir \\\"Dreams from My Father\\\" before beginning his political career in 1997 as a member of the Illinois Senate. Barack\",\n \"title\": \"Early life and career of Barack Obama\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"11664619","text":"Barack Obama Sr. Barack Hussein Obama Sr. (; 18 June 1936 – 24 November 1982) was a Kenyan senior governmental economist and the father of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. He is a central figure of his son's memoir, \"Dreams from My Father\" (1995). Obama married in 1954 and had two children with his first wife, Kezia. He was selected for a special program to attend college in the United States and studied at the University of Hawaii. There, Obama met Stanley Ann Dunham, whom he married in 1961, and with whom he had a son,","title":"Barack Obama Sr."},{"psg_id":"11664639","text":"his native village of Nyang'oma Kogelo, Siaya District. His funeral was attended by ministers Robert Ouko, Peter Oloo-Aringo, and other prominent political figures. Barack Obama Sr. Barack Hussein Obama Sr. (; 18 June 1936 – 24 November 1982) was a Kenyan senior governmental economist and the father of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. He is a central figure of his son's memoir, \"Dreams from My Father\" (1995). Obama married in 1954 and had two children with his first wife, Kezia. He was selected for a special program to attend college in the United States and studied","title":"Barack Obama Sr."},{"psg_id":"16107275","text":"Bill 55, which designated August 4 as Barack Obama Day but did not make it an official state holiday. The bill passed both houses of the Illinois General Assembly with no votes against, and was signed into law by Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner on August 4, 2017. The bill amended the State Commemorative Dates Act to include a new section: Barack Obama Day. August 4th of each year is designated as Barack Obama Day, to be observed throughout the State as a day set apart to honor the 44th President of the United States of America who began his career","title":"Barack Obama Day"},{"psg_id":"11664624","text":"was subjected to beatings and abuse that left him with physical scars and a loathing of the British. David Maraniss' 2012 biography of President Barack Obama states that his grandfather Obama did not participate in the insurrections; nor was he ever imprisoned by the British during the uprising. He continued to be trusted by white Kenyans. When Obama (Sr.) was about six years old and attending a Christian missionary school, he converted from Islam to Anglicanism when strongly encouraged by the staff. He changed his name from \"Baraka\" to \"Barack.\" Obama (Sr.) later became an atheist, believing that religion was","title":"Barack Obama Sr."},{"psg_id":"16945946","text":"Secretary Steven Chu was chosen as the designated survivor and did not attend the speech. The 2010 State of the Union Address was given by United States President Barack Obama on January 27, 2010, to a joint session of Congress. It was aired on all the major networks starting at 9 pm ET. It was Obama's first State of the Union Address, though the president did give a non-State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress a month after taking office in 2009. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United","title":"Speeches of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12648062","text":"Presidential transition of Barack Obama The Presidential transition of Barack Obama began when Barack Obama won the United States presidential election on November 4, 2008, and became the President-elect. He was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 15, 2008. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 8, 2009, and the transition ended when he was inaugurated at noon on January 20, 2009. The Obama transition organization was called the Obama-Biden Transition Project. The transition team was convened during the height of the campaign, well before the outcome could be known, to begin making","title":"Presidential transition of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16107276","text":"serving the People of Illinois in both the Illinois State Senate and the United States Senate, and dedicated his life to protecting the rights of Americans and building bridges across communities. Since the United States presidential election of 2008, Obama Day is celebrated annually on November 6 in Kenya, the country from which President Obama's father originated. Barack Obama Day Barack Obama Day refers to two days of recognition in the United States in honor of Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The State of Illinois celebrates the commemorative holiday","title":"Barack Obama Day"},{"psg_id":"16107273","text":"Barack Obama Day Barack Obama Day refers to two days of recognition in the United States in honor of Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The State of Illinois celebrates the commemorative holiday every August 4, which is Obama's birthday, beginning in 2018. Obama was a member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004 and represented the state in the United States Senate from 2005 to 2008 before becoming president. Similar to other commemorative holidays, it is not a legal state holiday, meaning workplaces are not closed on the","title":"Barack Obama Day"},{"psg_id":"12819361","text":"Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy Barack Obama – Der schwarze Kennedy () is a best-selling German-language biography of President of the United States Barack Obama by journalist Christoph von Marschall. The book was written by Marschall while he spent much of 2007 travelling with Obama's presidential campaign as a reporter for the Berlin newspaper \"Der Tagesspiegel\". It covers Obama’s life from his childhood, through his college years, his time as a community organizer in Chicago, Illinois, and his political career including his 2008 presidential campaign. Marschall sums up his impressions of Obama by saying, “Seine Lebensgeschichte steht für den amerikanischen","title":"Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy"},{"psg_id":"16945943","text":"$787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 as well as the Troubled Assets Relief Program, the state of the economy, and the future of the country. Attorney General Eric Holder was the designated survivor and did not attend the address in order to maintain a continuity of government. He was sequestered at a secret secure location for the duration of the event. \"A New Beginning\" is the name of a speech delivered by United States President Barack Obama on June 4, 2009, from the Major Reception Hall at Cairo University in Egypt. Al-Azhar University co-hosted the event. The","title":"Speeches of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12223540","text":"in his book \"The Case Against Barack Obama\") of Obama. In March 2009, the Pew Research Center reported that 11% of Americans still believed that Obama was a Muslim, with the percentages highest (19%) among self-identified white evangelical Protestants and people who disapproved of Obama's job performance in the first month of his presidency, and lowest (6%) among college graduates and blacks. The poll indicated that 48% of those surveyed believed that he was Christian, down 3% from October 2008, and that 35% did not know his religion. This faulty belief still persists and has even risen slightly as of","title":"Public image of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12966525","text":"the face. Barack Obama is the subject of graphic novel \"Barack Hussein Obama\" by Steven Weissman. In this, President Obama and his cast of characters (Secretary Clinton, VP Joe Biden, his family) experience life in a parallel universe. Barack Obama has also appeared in Archie Comics Veronica #199, and Archie #616 and #617. President Obama was in the Flashpoint Storyline of DC comics of 2011. He discusses the earth members of The Green Lantern Corp with Amanda Waller. Barack Obama in comics Barack Obama has appeared as a character in comic books published by a number of publishing companies, sometimes","title":"Barack Obama in comics"},{"psg_id":"12648107","text":"be included in the collection of the Presidential Library. Vice President Dick Cheney was injured moving out of his residence just before the inauguration and used a wheelchair during the ceremony. Presidential transition of Barack Obama The Presidential transition of Barack Obama began when Barack Obama won the United States presidential election on November 4, 2008, and became the President-elect. He was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 15, 2008. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 8, 2009, and the transition ended when he was inaugurated at noon on January 20, 2009.","title":"Presidential transition of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"11795066","text":"record the race of drivers they stopped. In February 2002, Obama introduced SB 1789, which would have adopted instant-runoff voting (IRV) for congressional and state primary elections in Illinois and authorized IRV for local elections, although it did not ultimately pass. He resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the U.S. Senate. Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama Barack Obama served three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he was elected to the United States Senate. During this part of his career, Obama continued teaching constitutional law part time at the","title":"Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12772930","text":"\"Barry\" rather than \"Barack\"; and that Barack Obama Sr. was not his biological father, as well as the rumor that Barack Obama was not a natural-born citizen. In August 2008, Philip J. Berg, a former member of the Democratic State Committee of Pennsylvania, brought an unsuccessful lawsuit against Obama, which alleged \"that Obama was born in Mombasa, Kenya.\" In October 2008, an NPR article referred to \"Kenyan-born Sen. Barack Obama.\" Also that month, anonymous e-mails circulated claiming that the Associated Press (AP) had reported Obama was \"Kenyan-Born\". The claims were based on an AP story that had appeared five years","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"12923474","text":"Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster The Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster is an image of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and came to represent his 2008 presidential campaign. It consists of a stylized stencil portrait of Obama in solid red, beige and (light and dark) blue, with the word \"progress\", \"hope\" or \"change\" below (and other words in some versions). The design was created in one day and printed first as a poster. Fairey sold 290 of the posters on the street immediately after printing them. It was then more widely distributed—both as a","title":"Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster"},{"psg_id":"15883986","text":"if the sport is not available at Barack Obama. Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy at B.F. Darrell (BOMLA) is a magnet secondary school for boys located in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas. It is a part of the Dallas Independent School District. After the Irma Lerma Rangel Young Women's Leadership School, it is DISD's second single gender school. The school, which occupies the campus of the former B.F. Darrell Elementary School, is named after former President of the United States Barack Obama, in honor of the fact that he was the first black","title":"Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy"},{"psg_id":"20610822","text":"use of bushes in the portrait. President Barack Obama (painting) President Barack Obama is a 2018 portrait of Barack Obama by the artist Kehinde Wiley for the National Portrait Gallery. In October 2017, it was announced that Wiley had been chosen by Barack Obama to paint an official portrait of the former president to appear in Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery \"America's Presidents\" exhibition. The painting depicts Obama sitting in a chair seemingly floating among foliage. The foliage is described by the author as \"chrysanthemums (the official flower of Chicago), jasmine (symbolic of Hawaii where the president spent most of his","title":"President Barack Obama (painting)"},{"psg_id":"20610818","text":"President Barack Obama (painting) President Barack Obama is a 2018 portrait of Barack Obama by the artist Kehinde Wiley for the National Portrait Gallery. In October 2017, it was announced that Wiley had been chosen by Barack Obama to paint an official portrait of the former president to appear in Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery \"America's Presidents\" exhibition. The painting depicts Obama sitting in a chair seemingly floating among foliage. The foliage is described by the author as \"chrysanthemums (the official flower of Chicago), jasmine (symbolic of Hawaii where the president spent most of his childhood) and African blue lilies (alluding","title":"President Barack Obama (painting)"},{"psg_id":"15491692","text":"the ballot. In July 2012, Taitz sued to block the certification of the primary election results, alleging \"rampant election fraud\"; she also alleged Obama engaged in \"identity fraud.\" Her suit was denied. In October, 2012, Taitz tried to revive her election lawsuit by asking the court to compel Occidental College to produce student records for President Barack Obama, who attended Occidental from 1979 to 1981. The judge ruled that Taitz's motion did not meet basic legal requirements and ordered her to pay $4,000 in sanctions to Occidental's lawyer for the cost of opposing the motion. The California Court of Appeal","title":"Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation"},{"psg_id":"12045036","text":"accomplished pianist and has performed in concert.In 2009, Mark Ndesandjo published a semi-autobiographical novel, \"Nairobi to Shenzhen: A Novel of Love in the East\". He published a memoir in 2013, entitled, \"Cultures: My Odyssey of Self-Discovery\". In it, he accused their father Barack Sr. of abuse. Barack Obama's half-brother (also known as David Opiyo Obama), son of Barack Obama Sr. and his third wife, Ruth Baker, an American. He died in a motorcycle accident several years after his father's death in a car accident. Youngest half-brother of Barack Obama, born c. 1982, son of Barack Obama Sr. and Jael Otieno.","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045024","text":"daughter and at least four sons in addition to Barack II. Aunt of U.S. President Barack Obama and younger sister of his father, born to Hussein Onyango and second wife Habiba Akumu Obama. She is the sole surviving full sibling of Barack Obama Sr. Sarah Onyango Obama was the third wife of Obama's paternal grandfather. She is known for short as Sarah Obama; she is sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama. She lives in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria. (She","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12923497","text":"the case, with the government sentencing request stating that \"[a] sentence without any term of imprisonment sends a terrible message to those who might commit the same sort of criminal conduct. Encouraging parties to game the civil litigation system [...] creates terrible incentives and subverts the truth-finding function of civil litigation.\" However, his sentence was ultimately limited to 300 hours of community service and a $30,000 fine. Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster The Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster is an image of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and came to represent his 2008 presidential","title":"Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster"},{"psg_id":"15102326","text":"Campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama The campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama is the rhetoric in the campaign speeches given by President of the United States, Barack Obama, between February 10, 2007 and November 5, 2008 for the 2008 presidential campaign. Obama became the 44th president after George W. Bush with running mate Joe Biden. In his campaign rhetoric, Obama used three main devices: motifs, American exceptionalism, and voicing. A motif is a rhetorical device that involves the repeated presence of a concept, which heightens its importance in a speech and draws attention to the idea. Obama's motifs became so recognizable","title":"Campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12966521","text":"Barack Obama in comics Barack Obama has appeared as a character in comic books published by a number of publishing companies, sometimes appearing as a realistic fictionalized version of himself and sometimes as a spoof. Obama made his first appearance as a comic book character in July 2007 in \"Licensable BearTM\" No. 4 by Nat Gertler, where he appeared as a U.S. Senator. The comic only had a print-run of 1,050 issues. A year later, in September 2008, Obama appeared in Erik Larsen’s \"Savage Dragon\" No. 137. This issue featured a variant cover which showed Obama with the Savage Dragon,","title":"Barack Obama in comics"},{"psg_id":"13806715","text":"Barack Obama \"Joker\" poster The Barack Obama \"Joker\" poster is a digitally manipulated image of United States President Barack Obama, designed by Firas Alkhateeb in January 2009, that was adopted by some critics of the Obama administration and described as the most famous anti-Obama image. The image portrays Obama as comic book supervillain the Joker, based on the portrayal by Heath Ledger in \"The Dark Knight\" (2008). Alkhateeb has said the image was not intended to make a political statement. He uploaded the image to the photo-sharing website Flickr, from where it was downloaded by an unknown individual who added","title":"Barack Obama \"Joker\" poster"},{"psg_id":"12649020","text":"Obama left office, historians expressed various opinions about his effectiveness as president, with many noting that subsequent events would determine his ultimate legacy. There was universal agreement that Obama would long be remembered as the first African-American president. Many noted that Obama presided over an economic recovery and passed major domestic legislation, but failed to bridge a partisan divide and left office with his party in a weakened state. Presidency of Barack Obama The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States, and","title":"Presidency of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045045","text":"complications caused by cancer and respiratory problems. Half-uncle of Barack Obama, born c. 1950s in Nyang'oma Kogelo; son of Onyango and his third wife Sarah Obama. Half-uncle of Barack Obama, born c. 1950s in Nyang'oma Kogelo; son of Onyango and his third wife Sarah Obama. Barack Obama has called his wife Michelle Obama \"the most quintessentially American woman I know.\" Her family is of African-American heritage, descendants of Africans and Europeans of the colonial era and antebellum eras. Michelle Obama's family history traces from colonists and slavery in the South to Reconstruction to the Great Migration to northern cities, in","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"20774985","text":"station was briefly announced to have been renamed \"Trump Plaza\", as an April fools joke. In addition to fuel supplies it includes a variety of food outlets including Supermac's, Papa John's Pizza, Mac's Place, Bewleys coffee and a Spar store. The Barack Obama Plaza also includes a visitor centre that provides information on President Obama’s family connections in Moneygall where his great-great-great-grandfather lived. Barack Obama Plaza Barack Obama Plaza (Moneygall services), is an off line service area, at Junction 23 of the M7 on the outskirts of the village of Moneygall on the border of Counties Tipperary and Offaly in","title":"Barack Obama Plaza"},{"psg_id":"20774984","text":"Barack Obama Plaza Barack Obama Plaza (Moneygall services), is an off line service area, at Junction 23 of the M7 on the outskirts of the village of Moneygall on the border of Counties Tipperary and Offaly in Ireland. The plaza was opened for business in June 2014 and is accessed using the existing junction 23 slip roads. It is named after US president Barack Obama, whose 3rd great grandfather lived nearby. The ancestor was reportedly Falmouth Kearney, who emigrated to the US in 1850. The service station cost 7 million euros to construct, and opened in 2014. In 2017 the","title":"Barack Obama Plaza"},{"psg_id":"12648888","text":"Presidency of Barack Obama The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2017. Obama, a Democrat, took office following a decisive victory over Republican John McCain in the 2008 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2012 election, he defeated Republican Mitt Romney to win re-election. He was the first African American president, the first multiracial president, the first non-white president, and the first president to have been born in Hawaii. Obama was succeeded by Republican Donald","title":"Presidency of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045033","text":"to Kezia Obama. In \"Dreams from My Father,\" Obama wrote that his Obama relatives doubt that Abo and Bernard are the biological sons of Barack Obama, Sr. Abo manages a mobile phone shop in Kenya. Born Ruth Beatrice Baker in the United States around 1937, the daughter of Maurice Joseph Baker and Ida Baker of Newton, Massachusetts, who are of Lithuanian Jewish descent. Ruth Baker was a 1954 graduate of Brookline High School in Brookline, Massachusetts, and a 1958 graduate of Simmons College in Boston with a degree in business. She was a suburban elementary school teacher when she met","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045028","text":"son of Barack Obama Sr. and his first wife, Kezia. Malik Obama was born and raised in Nairobi, Kenya. He earned a degree in accounting from the University of Nairobi. The half brothers met for the first time in 1985 when Barack flew from Chicago to Washington, D.C., to visit Malik. Malik and his half-brother Barack were best men at each other's weddings. Barack Obama brought his wife Michelle to Kenya three years later, and they met with Malik again while meeting many other relatives for the first time. He lives in the Obamas' ancestral home, Nyang'oma Kogelo, a village","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"17837291","text":"Barack Obama Presidential Center The Barack Obama Presidential Center is the planned presidential center of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. It will be located in Jackson Park on the South Side of Chicago, near the University of Chicago campus. The university provides planning, support, engagement and programming. Included within the center's plans is a new branch for the Chicago Public Library. The nonprofit Obama Foundation will oversee the center's creation and its campus' construction, and partner with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) to digitize the presidency records. In August 2018, the Chicago Park District","title":"Barack Obama Presidential Center"},{"psg_id":"12045055","text":"Verdelle Robinson; August 22, 1930 – April 16, 2000), was a sister of Michelle Obama's paternal grandfather, Fraser Robinson Jr. He is 12 years older, and Funnye and Obama grew to know each other as adults in Chicago, where both were involved in community organizing, along with Barack Obama. He is one of America's most prominent African-American rabbis, known for acting as a bridge between mainstream Jewry and African American Jews. He converted to Judaism after 1970, during years of activism when he regarded Christianity as having been imposed on slaves. Family of Barack Obama The family of Barack Obama,","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045021","text":"Obama. The word \"mzee\" (meaning \"elder\") is a Kenyan honorific. And to this day the Obama family in Kenya is divided between Seventh-day Adventists and Muslims. Also known as Akumu Nyanjoga and Sje. She was Barack Obama's paternal grandmother, and the second wife of Hussein Onyango Obama. She had three children with Onyango: daughters Sarah and Auma, and son Barack (Barack Obama's father). Her father was named Njango or Njoga, and she was born and raised in the Western Kenyan village of Karabondi. In his memoir \"Dreams from My Father,\" Obama wrote that Akumu was miserable in her marriage and","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"2826760","text":"disclosure, Obama may be worth as much as $10 million. In early 2010, Michelle spoke about her husband's smoking habit and said that Barack had quit smoking. On his 55th birthday, August 4, 2016, Obama penned an essay in \"Glamour\", in which he described how his daughters and the presidency have made him a feminist. Obama is a Protestant Christian whose religious views developed in his adult life. He wrote in \"The Audacity of Hope\" that he \"was not raised in a religious household\". He described his mother, raised by non-religious parents, as being detached from religion, yet \"in many","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12074487","text":"on September 26, despite Congress' lack of immediate action on the bill. His ineffectiveness in the negotiations and his reversal in decision to attend the debates were seized upon to portray McCain as erratic in his response to the economy. Days later, a second version of the original bailout bill was passed by both the House and Senate, with Obama, his vice presidential running mate Joe Biden, and McCain all voting for the measure (Hillary Clinton would as well). The Civil Forum on the Presidency was the venue of back-to-back interviews of U.S. presidential candidates John McCain and Barack Obama","title":"Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"15883981","text":"Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy at B.F. Darrell (BOMLA) is a magnet secondary school for boys located in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas. It is a part of the Dallas Independent School District. After the Irma Lerma Rangel Young Women's Leadership School, it is DISD's second single gender school. The school, which occupies the campus of the former B.F. Darrell Elementary School, is named after former President of the United States Barack Obama, in honor of the fact that he was the first black President. The former Darrell Vanguard campus was renovated until","title":"Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy"},{"psg_id":"12817948","text":"First inauguration of Barack Obama The first inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States took place on Tuesday, January 20, 2009. The inauguration, which set a record attendance for any event held in Washington, D.C., marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President. Based on the combined attendance numbers, television viewership, and Internet traffic, it was among the most-observed events ever by the global audience. \"A New Birth of Freedom\", a phrase from the Gettysburg Address, served as the inaugural theme to commemorate the","title":"First inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"2826745","text":"was mostly of English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss, and Welsh ancestry. His father, Barack Obama Sr. (1936–1982), was a Luo Kenyan man from Nyang'oma Kogelo. Obama's parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, where his father was a foreign student on a scholarship. The couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2, 1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961 (only a few weeks after he was born), Barack and his mother moved to the University of Washington in Seattle, where they lived for a","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"15102335","text":"an audience member to these stories. Other rhetorical devices Obama used in his campaign speeches were repetition, metaphor, personification, climax, and allusion. Campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama The campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama is the rhetoric in the campaign speeches given by President of the United States, Barack Obama, between February 10, 2007 and November 5, 2008 for the 2008 presidential campaign. Obama became the 44th president after George W. Bush with running mate Joe Biden. In his campaign rhetoric, Obama used three main devices: motifs, American exceptionalism, and voicing. A motif is a rhetorical device that involves the repeated","title":"Campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045023","text":"of his father, daughter of Hussein Onyango and his second wife, Habiba Akumu Obama. (She should not be confused with her stepmother Sarah Onyango Obama, also often called just Sarah Obama, the third wife of Onyango.) Barack Obama Sr., Barack Obama's father, was the son of Onyango and his second wife Habiba Akumu Obama. Educated in the US at the University of Hawai'i and Harvard University, he returned to Kenya, where he became an economist with the government. He served in the ministries of transportation and finance. Obama Sr. was married a total of three times, and he fathered a","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"11664620","text":"Barack II. She divorced him three years later. The elder Obama later went to Harvard University for graduate school, where he earned an M.A. in economics, and returned to Kenya in 1964. He saw his son Barack once more, when he was about ten. In late 1964, Obama Sr. married Ruth Beatrice Baker, a Jewish-American woman whom he had met in Massachusetts. They had two sons together before separating in 1971 and divorcing in 1973. Obama first worked for an oil company, before beginning work as an economist with the Kenyan Ministry of Transport. He gained a promotion to senior","title":"Barack Obama Sr."},{"psg_id":"9631955","text":"online performance, measured Obama as the candidate that connected the most with potential voters via the Internet. Chris Hughes, a Facebook co-founder and coordinator of online organizing within the Barack Obama presidential campaign, called the on-line surge backing Obama \"unprecedented\". One group on Facebook, \"Barack Obama (One Million Strong for Barack)\", had 894,913 members as of November 5, 2008. Obama's politician page reached more than one million supporters as of June 17, 2008. On February 2, 2007, Obama attended a rally at George Mason University organized by \"Students for Barack Obama\", a group that began on Facebook, with several thousand","title":"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign"},{"psg_id":"12772947","text":"Obama shed more light on the controversy in a 2007 interview with the \"Chicago Tribune\". In the interview, Obama's paternal step-grandmother stated that six months after Barack Obama Sr. and Ann Dunham were married, she received a letter at her home in Kenya announcing the birth of Barack Obama II, who was born August 4, 1961. In a June 2012 interview at her Kenyan home, Sarah Obama was asked: \"Some people want to believe that the president was born in Kenya. Have these people ever bothered you or asked for his birth certificate?\" Her response was: \"But Barack Obama wasn't","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"12818032","text":"belief that \"[Obama] is a good man, but many people in Iraq believe all American presidents are the same and that we are a playground for their interests.\" Another citizen noted that \"Obama won't get the same treatment,' ... 'But he won't have too long to prove himself to us.'\" Speeches First inauguration of Barack Obama The first inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States took place on Tuesday, January 20, 2009. The inauguration, which set a record attendance for any event held in Washington, D.C., marked the commencement of the first four-year term of","title":"First inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12223572","text":"has been portrayed in other comic books, in the more straightforward \"Barack Obama: The Road to the White House\" by IDW (and a couple of related comics), but also as Barack The Barbarian and in \"Drafted: One Hundred Days\" by Devil's Due Publishing, as a zombie hunter in Antarctic Press' \"President Evil\" and with the zombie killer Ash Williams in Dynamite's \"Army of Darkness: Ash Saves Obama.\" The controversial Obama \"Joker\" poster depicts Obama as comic book supervillain, The Joker, based on the portrayal by Heath Ledger in \"The Dark Knight\". The image, which had been described as \"shocking\" and","title":"Public image of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12966522","text":"who proclaims that he is endorsing him for president. The issue sold out four print runs. A month later, the comic was followed up by \"Presidential Material: Barack Obama\" by Jeff Mariotte and in November 2008 with \"Obama: The Comic Book\" by Rod Espinosa. In November 2008, two things led to an explosion in popularity of the Obama comic book character. One of Obama's advisers gave an interview to journalist Jon Swaine of \"The Daily Telegraph\" titled, \"Barack Obama: The 50 facts you might not know.\" In the interview, it emerged that Obama collects \"Spider-Man and Conan the Barbarian.\" Then","title":"Barack Obama in comics"},{"psg_id":"11664631","text":"Obama met Stanley Ann Dunham in a basic Russian language course at the University of Hawaii and they started dating. After becoming pregnant, Dunham dropped out of the University of Hawaii after the fall 1960 semester, while Obama continued his education. Obama married Dunham in Wailuku on the Hawaiian island of Maui on 2 February 1961. He eventually told Dunham about his previous marriage in Kenya, but said he was divorced—which she found out years later was not true. Their son Barack Obama II, was born in Honolulu on 4 August 1961 at the former Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital","title":"Barack Obama Sr."},{"psg_id":"17191975","text":"Barack Obama Democratic Club of Upper Manhattan The Barack Obama Democratic Club of Upper Manhattan is a reform-oriented political club in New York City focused on progressive activism and electing progressive candidates to local office. The club serves the neighborhoods of Washington Heights, Inwood, and West Harlem/Hamilton Heights. The Obama Club was founded in 2009 by Mark Levine, a Democratic District Leader and Northern Manhattan political activist. The group emerged from the grassroots network of Upper Manhattan volunteers which coalesced around the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama. Since its founding the Obama club has become known for its ethnically","title":"Barack Obama Democratic Club of Upper Manhattan"},{"psg_id":"2826866","text":"2015, that inmates sentenced in US federal custody declined by 5% under Obama. This is the largest decline in sentenced inmates in US federal custody since Democratic President Jimmy Carter. By contrast, the federal prison population increased significantly under presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. A 2017 C-SPAN \"Presidential Historians Survey\" ranked Obama as the 12th-best US president. The Barack Obama Presidential Center is Obama's planned presidential library. It will be hosted by the University of Chicago and located in Jackson Park","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"14470025","text":"twice. On January 20, 2009, Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States. On April 4, 2011, President Obama officially announced his candidacy for re-election. The announcement was made via an online video titled \"It Begins With Us\", posted on his campaign website. The President also filled out official forms with the FEC at that time. President Obama did not face a significant challenge in the Democratic primaries, with no other candidate on the ballot in all but seven states. On April 3, 2012, Obama won the Maryland and District of Columbia primaries, giving him more","title":"Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"20104017","text":"Arctic policy of Barack Obama see also: Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area, Presidency of Barack Obama Early on in his campaign, former President Barack Obama made it clear that climate change was a priority for his administration. Soon after becoming President Elect in November 2008, he reiterated this positing stating: “Now is the time to confront this challenge once and for all. Delay is no longer an option. Denial is no longer an acceptable response.” Contradictory to his 2008 campaign promises on the Offshore drilling debate, Obama felt obliged to open coastal areas off the Alaskan coast to exploratory","title":"Arctic policy of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16541830","text":"the website's internet virtual phone. In March 2007, the Barack Obama team created an interconnection between a user's account in Obama's official website and Facebook account, so a user may publish activities via sending postings from one to another. In 2008, the Obama presidential campaign spent $643,000 out of its $16 million Internet budget to promote his Facebook account. On June 17, 2008, after Hillary Clinton ended her campaign, number of followers of Barack Obama's Facebook account increased to one million. Meanwhile, in addition to Facebook accounts of Barack and Michelle Obama and Joe Biden, the Obama team created ten","title":"Barack Obama on social media"},{"psg_id":"14134002","text":"Assassination threats against Barack Obama Barack Obama, who was the 44th President of the United States, has been the target of several assassination threats and alleged plots since he first became a presidential candidate in 2007. Secret Service protection for Obama began after the Senator received a death threat in 2007, while serving as the junior Senator of Illinois and running for president. This marked the earliest time a candidate received such protection before being nominated. Security was increased early for Barack Obama due to fears of possible assassination attempts by white supremacist or other racist groups or individuals against","title":"Assassination threats against Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045016","text":"born in 1640 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was one of Obama's maternal eighth great-grandfathers and is his earliest ancestor known to be born in North America. Obama's family in Kenya are members of the Luo people, the nation's second-largest ethnic group. Linguistically, Luo is one of the Nilotic languages. The Obama family is concentrated in the western Kenyan province of Nyanza. Paternal grandfather to Barack Obama, he was born Onyango Obama. (One source gives 1870–1975 as his dates of birth and death, possibly based on his tombstone in his home village. Barack Obama relates finding in 1988 a British","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12044994","text":"Family of Barack Obama The family of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, and his wife Michelle Obama is made up of people of Kenyan (Luo), African-American, and Old Stock American (including originally English, Scots-Irish, Welsh, German, and Swiss) ancestry. Their immediate family was the First Family of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The Obamas are the first First Family of African-American descent. Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer, university administrator, and writer who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"2826851","text":"in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2009, with \"deep gratitude and great humility.\" The award drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures. Obama's peace prize was called a \"stunning surprise\" by \"The New York Times\". Obama is the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office. Obama's Nobel Prize has been viewed skeptically in subsequent years, especially after the director of the Nobel Institute, Geir Lundestad, said Obama's Peace Prize did not have the desired effect. Barack Obama's presidency ended at","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"11795102","text":"Hampshire University (2007), Howard University (2007), and Wesleyan University (2008). The audiobook edition of \"Dreams from My Father\" earned Obama the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album in 2006. He won the award a second time in 2008 for the spoken word edition of \"The Audacity of Hope\". A school in Obama's father's hometown, which the senator visited on his 2006 Kenya trip, was renamed the Senator Barack Obama Primary School. United States Senate career of Barack Obama The United States Senate career of Barack Obama began on January 3, 2005 and ended on November 16, 2008. He resigned","title":"United States Senate career of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"14114976","text":"Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12 The Barack Obama Academy of International Studies, also known as Pittsburgh Obama 6-12, is a public school in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The school is named in honor of Former President Barack Obama who served as 44th President of the United States. Pittsburgh Obama is an International Baccalaureate school which was created when the Pittsburgh Public Schools combined Frick Middle School and Schenley High School. As of the 2017-2018 school year, Pittsburgh Obama is located in the former Peabody High School building. Before that, it was housed in the former","title":"Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12"},{"psg_id":"11664621","text":"economic analyst in the Ministry of Finance. He was among a cadre of young Kenyan men who had been educated in the West in a program supported by Tom Mboya. Obama Sr. had conflicts with Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta, which adversely affected his career. He was fired and blacklisted in Kenya, finding it nearly impossible to get a job. Obama Sr. was involved in three serious car accidents during his final years; he died as a result of the last one in 1982. Barack Obama Sr. was born in 1936 in Rachuonyo District on the shores of Lake Victoria just","title":"Barack Obama Sr."},{"psg_id":"11719441","text":"Early life and career of Barack Obama Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii to Barack Obama, Sr. (1936–1982) (born in Rachuonyo District, British Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (1942–1995) (born in Wichita, Kansas, United States). Barack Obama spent most of his childhood years in Honolulu, where his mother attended the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Obama started a close relationship with his maternal grandparents. In 1965, his mother remarried to Lolo Soetoro from Indonesia. Two years later, Dunham took Obama with her to Indonesia to","title":"Early life and career of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12817952","text":"culmination of the presidential transition of Barack Obama that began when he won the United States presidential election on November 4, 2008 and became the President-elect. In accordance with of the United States Constitution, Obama resigned from the United States Senate effective November 16, 2008. He was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 15, 2008. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 8, 2009. Obama, who originally campaigned using the slogan \"Change We Can Believe In\" and later \"Change We Need\", was widely celebrated as the first African American president of the United","title":"First inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"2826841","text":"a significant public moment, greeted and shook hands with Obama at the Nelson Mandela memorial service in Johannesburg. In December 2014, after the secret meetings, it was announced that Obama, with Pope Francis as an intermediary, had negotiated a restoration of relations with Cuba, after nearly sixty years of détente. Popularly dubbed the Cuban Thaw, \"The New Republic\" deemed the Cuban Thaw to be \"Obama's finest foreign policy achievement.\" On July 1, 2015, President Barack Obama announced that formal diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States would resume, and embassies would be opened in Washington and Havana. The countries'","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"2826786","text":"of the popular vote, Obama became the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win the majority of the popular vote twice. President Obama addressed supporters and volunteers at Chicago's McCormick Place after his reelection and said: \"Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours. And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties.\" The inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President took place on January 20, 2009. In his first few days in office,","title":"Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"17336810","text":"January 2011, Issa said in October 2010 that the committee would not seek to impeach Obama. In August 2011, Republican Congressman Michael C. Burgess of Texas agreed with a rally audience member that the impeachment of Barack Obama \"needs to happen\" in order to prevent Obama from \"pushing his agenda\". Burgess did not mention any grounds for impeachment. In June 2012, Senator Jon Kyl said on the Bill Bennett radio show that \"if it’s bad enough and if shenanigans involved in it, then of course impeachment is always a possibility. But I don’t think at this point anybody is talking","title":"Efforts to impeach Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16107274","text":"day. Perry County, Alabama, has celebrated the second Monday of November as Barack Obama Day since 2009. County offices and schools are closed for the holiday. In 2017, Illinois State Representatives André Thapedi and Sonya Harper introduced a bill to designate Barack Obama Day as a state holiday. The original measure would have closed schools and state offices for the day. It was rejected by the House in March 2017, citing expense and the lack of a holiday for other presidents from Illinois, such as Ronald Reagan. That same year, State Senator Emil Jones III and others introduced Illinois Senate","title":"Barack Obama Day"},{"psg_id":"20104026","text":"to shoal waters in close proximity to the proposed two-way route where the consequences of a grounding could be particularly severe. The Coast Guard received several public comments that identified this area as being of particularly high concern.\" Arctic policy of Barack Obama see also: Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area, Presidency of Barack Obama Early on in his campaign, former President Barack Obama made it clear that climate change was a priority for his administration. Soon after becoming President Elect in November 2008, he reiterated this positing stating: “Now is the time to confront this challenge once and for","title":"Arctic policy of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16989444","text":"Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney \"Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney\" is a song and music video, performed by Iman Crosson, Peter \"Nice Peter\" Shukoff, and Lloyd \"EpicLLOYD\" Ahlquist. It is the 8th episode of the 2nd season of the YouTube video series \"Epic Rap Battles of History\". The video was released on 15 October 2012 on the show's YouTube channel in anticipation of the 2012 US presidential election. The video features President of the United States Barack Obama (portrayed by Iman Crosson) and former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney (portrayed by Lloyd Ahlquist) facing off in a rap battle. Following","title":"Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney"},{"psg_id":"16892997","text":"the man in question and the country he leads were in so many ways far beyond what the Founders could have imagined. And that, despite our natural tendency to glorify our origins, that this America was in virtually every way better than the one they offered up to us.\" Second inauguration of Barack Obama The second inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States, marked the commencement of the second term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President. A private swearing-in ceremony took place on Sunday, January 20, 2013 in the Blue Room of","title":"Second inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16892941","text":"Second inauguration of Barack Obama The second inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States, marked the commencement of the second term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President. A private swearing-in ceremony took place on Sunday, January 20, 2013 in the Blue Room of the White House. A public inauguration ceremony took place on Monday, January 21, 2013, at the United States Capitol building. The inauguration theme was \"Faith in America's Future\", a phrase that draws upon the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the completion of the Capitol dome in","title":"Second inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"14470023","text":"Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign The 2012 reelection campaign of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was formally announced on April 4, 2011. Along with his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, Barack Obama was opposed in the general election by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, along with various minor candidates from other parties. The election took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. Obama's campaign headquarters was in Chicago and key members of his successful campaign in 2008, such as Jim Messina and David Axelrod, returned to staff it. On the day of the announcement, the campaign","title":"Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"12772926","text":"called Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women & Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Ann Dunham, from Wichita, Kansas, and her husband Barack Obama Sr., a Luo from Nyang'oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province (in what was then the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya), who was attending the University of Hawaii. Birth notices for Barack Obama were published in \"The Honolulu Advertiser\" on August 13 and the \"Honolulu Star-Bulletin\" on August 14, 1961. Obama's father's immigration file also clearly states Barack Obama was born in Hawaii. One of his high school teachers, who was acquainted with his mother at the time, remembered hearing about","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"},{"psg_id":"12332728","text":"Corsi, and for the 527 group Swift Boat Veterans for Truth during the 2004 United States presidential election. The Case Against Barack Obama The Case Against Barack Obama: The Unlikely Rise and Unexamined Agenda of the Media's Favorite Candidate, by author David Freddoso, is a bestselling book published in late 2008, providing a critical examination of the life and opinions of the then United States presidential candidate and Senator Barack Obama. Freddoso was a political reporter for the website of the conservative magazine \"National Review\" when the book came out. He is now with the \"Washington Examiner\". The book was","title":"The Case Against Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12332717","text":"The Case Against Barack Obama The Case Against Barack Obama: The Unlikely Rise and Unexamined Agenda of the Media's Favorite Candidate, by author David Freddoso, is a bestselling book published in late 2008, providing a critical examination of the life and opinions of the then United States presidential candidate and Senator Barack Obama. Freddoso was a political reporter for the website of the conservative magazine \"National Review\" when the book came out. He is now with the \"Washington Examiner\". The book was published by Regnery Publishing. Freddoso said in an August 2008 interview that the book is an attempt to","title":"The Case Against Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12074476","text":"Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign The 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama, then junior United States Senator from Illinois, was announced on February 10, 2007 in Springfield, Illinois. After winning a majority of delegates in the Democratic primaries of 2008, on August 23, leading up to the convention, the campaign announced that Senator Joe Biden of Delaware would be the vice presidential nominee. At the 2008 Democratic National Convention on August 27, Barack Obama was formally selected as the Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States in 2008. He was the first African American in history to be","title":"Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"12045034","text":"and began dating Barack Sr. in Cambridge in June 1964, a month before his return to Kenya in August 1964. She followed Obama Sr. back to Kenya five weeks later, and married him in Kenya in a civil ceremony on December 24, 1964. She later became a private kindergarten director in Kenya. She had two sons with Barack Obama Sr.: Mark and David. She and Barack Sr. separated in 1971 and divorced about 1973. Since she remarried when her sons were young, they took their stepfather's surname, Ndesandjo, as their own. Her third son, Joseph Ndesandjo, was born c. 1980","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"14114977","text":"Reizenstein Middle School building for three years. The school is noted for its heavy involvement in the Pennsylvania YMCA Youth and Government program. As of October 1, 2017: Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12 The Barack Obama Academy of International Studies, also known as Pittsburgh Obama 6-12, is a public school in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The school is named in honor of Former President Barack Obama who served as 44th President of the United States. Pittsburgh Obama is an International Baccalaureate school which was created when the Pittsburgh Public Schools combined Frick Middle School and","title":"Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12"},{"psg_id":"11719472","text":"in the Illinois state Senate and attended Louis Farrakhan's Million Man March in Washington, DC. Early life and career of Barack Obama Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii to Barack Obama, Sr. (1936–1982) (born in Rachuonyo District, British Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (1942–1995) (born in Wichita, Kansas, United States). Barack Obama spent most of his childhood years in Honolulu, where his mother attended the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Obama started a close relationship with his maternal grandparents. In 1965, his mother remarried to","title":"Early life and career of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16945960","text":"Speeches of Barack Obama Barack Obama served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. Before his presidency, he served in the Illinois Senate (1997–2004) and the United States Senate (2005–2008). It was during his campaign for the United States Senate that he first made a speech that received nationwide attention; he gave the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. and stated \"there is not a liberal America and a conservative America—there is the United States of America\". Obama began to run for president just three years after that speech. In response to a","title":"Speeches of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16945941","text":"Obama as the President of the United States. Following his victory in the United States presidential election, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama gave his victory speech at Grant Park in his home city of Chicago, Illinois, on November 4, 2008, before an estimated crowd of 240,000. Viewed on television and the Internet by millions of people around the globe, Obama's speech focused on the major issues facing the United States and the world, all echoed through his campaign slogan of change. He also mentioned his grandmother, who had died two nights earlier. United States President Barack Obama delivered a speech to","title":"Speeches of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16945934","text":"Speeches of Barack Obama Barack Obama served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. Before his presidency, he served in the Illinois Senate (1997–2004) and the United States Senate (2005–2008). It was during his campaign for the United States Senate that he first made a speech that received nationwide attention; he gave the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. and stated \"there is not a liberal America and a conservative America—there is the United States of America\". Obama began to run for president just three years after that speech. In response to a","title":"Speeches of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12966524","text":"president-elect was featured in Secret Invasion #8; this is the first appearance of president-elect Barack Obama in a Marvel comic. Obama the comic book character has been put on the cover and pages of many other comics including \"Savage Dragon\" No. 145 (February 2008) by Erik Larsen and \"Youngblood\" No. 8 (February 2008) by Rob Liefeld. The \"Savage Dragon\" No. 145 had a special edition variant only offered at the WonderCon 2009 in San Francisco in March 2009 (only 1,500 were produced). On the cover, Barack Obama can be seen holding an American flag and punching Osama Bin Laden in","title":"Barack Obama in comics"},{"psg_id":"12045041","text":"States in October 1963 when he was 17 years old as part of Kenya president Tom Mboya's Airlift Africa project, to send promising Kenyan students to the US for education, particularly undergraduate and graduate school. Once he arrived in the country, his half-brother, Barack Obama Sr., found him a place at a boys' school then known as Browne & Nichols, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He later dropped out of school and changed his name to O. Onyango Obama. He has operated a liquor store in Framingham, where he resided as of March 2011. Barack Obama lived with Onyango in the 1980s","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12045027","text":"children together: Abongo [Roy] and Auma; and she has also claimed Bernard and Abo Obama as sons by Barack Sr. She lives in Bracknell, Berkshire, England. On March 22, 2009, Kezia Obama made a guest appearance on the British television show \"Chris Moyles' Quiz Night.\" Her sister, Jane, is the 'Auntie Jane' mentioned at the very start of \"Dreams from My Father;\" she telephoned Obama in the US in 1982 to tell him that his father had been killed in a car accident in Kenya. Barack Obama's half-brother, also known as Abongo or Roy, was born c. March 1958, the","title":"Family of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"17827539","text":"Barack Obama on mass surveillance U.S. president Barack Obama has received widespread criticism due to his support of government surveillance. President Obama had released many statements on mass surveillance as a result. As a senator, Obama condemned the Patriot Act for violating the rights of American citizens. He argued that it allowed government agents to perform extensive and in-depth searches on American citizens without a search warrant. He also argued that it was possible to secure the United States against terrorist attacks while preserving individual liberty. In 2011, Obama signed a four-year renewal of the Patriot Act, specifically provisions allowing","title":"Barack Obama on mass surveillance"},{"psg_id":"16892954","text":"States Capitol on January 21, Associate Justice Sotomayor administered the oath to Vice President Joe Biden, and then Chief Justice Roberts administered the Presidential oath to President Barack Obama minutes after Vice President Biden received his oath. At the public inaugural ceremony, Vice President Biden was sworn in using the Biden family Bible, while President Obama was sworn in using two Bibles owned by Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr. President Obama became the 17th U.S. president to be re-elected for a second term of office. After Barack Obama had recited the oath of office, where Obama had placed","title":"Second inauguration of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12223563","text":"in favor of Obama, 6% in favor of McCain). The only country surveyed (other than the U.S.) where McCain's popularity rivaled Obama's was Jordan, where 22% were in favor of Obama and 23% in favor of McCain. Obama scored higher approval ratings in all 70 countries covered in an October 2008 Gallup poll, with the most favorable scores coming from Asian and European countries. In 2007, Christoph von Marschall wrote a book entitled \"Barack Obama – Der schwarze Kennedy\". The literal translation of its German title is \"Barack Obama. The Black Kennedy\". His book was a best seller in Germany,","title":"Public image of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"14470038","text":"a generic Republican, 48% backed the generic Republican and 40% backed the President. In February 2012, Obama held a sizable lead over both Mitt Romney (53–43) and Rick Santorum (53–42) nationally. By the end of March 2012, Obama's lead over Romney had narrowed to approximately 2.4% (46.6–44.2) nationally. An August 2012 CNN/ORC poll found that Obama led Romney 52% to 45%. A Fox News poll conducted nearly the same time placed the two candidates 49% to 40%, with Obama in the lead. Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign The 2012 reelection campaign of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United","title":"Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign"},{"psg_id":"12621203","text":"at the medium-security Federal Correctional Institution in McKean, Pennsylvania, and was released in July 2017. Cowart is serving his sentence at the medium-security Federal Correctional Institution in Williamsburg, South Carolina, and is scheduled for release in 2021. Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee The Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee was a plot by Paul Schlesselman and Daniel Cowart to assassinate Barack Obama, who was then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The two men, both Neo-Nazis, spoke of killing Obama during a planned murder spree of 88 African Americans in Tennessee, many of whom were young students at an","title":"Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee"},{"psg_id":"12621180","text":"Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee The Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee was a plot by Paul Schlesselman and Daniel Cowart to assassinate Barack Obama, who was then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The two men, both Neo-Nazis, spoke of killing Obama during a planned murder spree of 88 African Americans in Tennessee, many of whom were young students at an unidentified, predominantly black school. Schlesselman and Cowart were arrested on October 22, 2008, and found to be in possession of several weapons. The men told authorities of their planned assassination and killing spree, and said they intended","title":"Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee"},{"psg_id":"12392830","text":"a racist, and that is not him.\" Gartrell was released from federal custody on June 12, 2009. Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver The Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver refers to an alleged plot by Shawn Robert Adolf, Tharin Robert Gartrell and Nathan Dwaine Johnson to assassinate Barack Obama, then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The trio allegedly planned to shoot Senator Obama with a high-powered rifle during the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. The alleged motive for the attempted assassination was a white supremacist belief that an African American should not be elected President of the","title":"Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver"},{"psg_id":"12392797","text":"Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver The Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver refers to an alleged plot by Shawn Robert Adolf, Tharin Robert Gartrell and Nathan Dwaine Johnson to assassinate Barack Obama, then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The trio allegedly planned to shoot Senator Obama with a high-powered rifle during the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. The alleged motive for the attempted assassination was a white supremacist belief that an African American should not be elected President of the United States. Gartrell was arrested August 24, 2008, and found to be in possession of rifles and","title":"Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver"},{"psg_id":"12952272","text":"5, 2002 general election, Democratic Party candidate Obama, running unopposed on the ballot, was re-elected to a four-year term as state senator for the new 13th District with 48,717 votes. Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama Barack Obama won three Illinois Senate elections. The Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama began in 1997 after his first election in 1996 to a two-year term in the Illinois Senate representing Illinois' 13th Legislative District in Chicago. He was re-elected in 1998 to a four-year term and re-elected again in 2002 to another four-year term. He resigned from the Illinois Senate in 2004","title":"Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"16945956","text":"including President Barack Obama and John Lewis, the only speaker from the original rally to remain living. Obama spoke on the 50th anniversary of the Selma to Montgomery Marches, lauded unsung heroes and everyday Americans that stood up for justice. According to leading George W. Bush speechwriter Michael Gerson, the speech \"falls into the category of speeches that every child should read in school\" and is cited by the Washington Post as the Obama speech which will hold up best for posterity. After the Charleston church shooting, during which state senator Clementa C. Pinckney and eight other victims were gunned","title":"Speeches of Barack Obama"},{"psg_id":"12772922","text":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories During Barack Obama's campaign for president in 2008, throughout his presidency, and afterwards, a number of conspiracy theories falsely asserted Obama was ineligible to be President of the United States because he was not a natural-born citizen of the U.S. as required by . Theories alleged that Obama's published birth certificate was a forgery—that his actual birthplace was not Hawaii but Kenya. Other theories alleged that Obama became a citizen of Indonesia in childhood, thereby losing his U.S. citizenship. Still others claimed that Obama was not a natural-born U.S. citizen because he was born a","title":"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11664619\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama Sr. Barack Hussein Obama Sr. (; 18 June 1936 – 24 November 1982) was a Kenyan senior governmental economist and the father of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. He is a central figure of his son's memoir, \\\"Dreams from My Father\\\" (1995). Obama married in 1954 and had two children with his first wife, Kezia. He was selected for a special program to attend college in the United States and studied at the University of Hawaii. There, Obama met Stanley Ann Dunham, whom he married in 1961, and with whom he had a son,\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11664639\",\n \"text\": \"his native village of Nyang'oma Kogelo, Siaya District. His funeral was attended by ministers Robert Ouko, Peter Oloo-Aringo, and other prominent political figures. Barack Obama Sr. Barack Hussein Obama Sr. (; 18 June 1936 – 24 November 1982) was a Kenyan senior governmental economist and the father of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. He is a central figure of his son's memoir, \\\"Dreams from My Father\\\" (1995). Obama married in 1954 and had two children with his first wife, Kezia. He was selected for a special program to attend college in the United States and studied\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16107275\",\n \"text\": \"Bill 55, which designated August 4 as Barack Obama Day but did not make it an official state holiday. The bill passed both houses of the Illinois General Assembly with no votes against, and was signed into law by Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner on August 4, 2017. The bill amended the State Commemorative Dates Act to include a new section: Barack Obama Day. August 4th of each year is designated as Barack Obama Day, to be observed throughout the State as a day set apart to honor the 44th President of the United States of America who began his career\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11664624\",\n \"text\": \"was subjected to beatings and abuse that left him with physical scars and a loathing of the British. David Maraniss' 2012 biography of President Barack Obama states that his grandfather Obama did not participate in the insurrections; nor was he ever imprisoned by the British during the uprising. He continued to be trusted by white Kenyans. When Obama (Sr.) was about six years old and attending a Christian missionary school, he converted from Islam to Anglicanism when strongly encouraged by the staff. He changed his name from \\\"Baraka\\\" to \\\"Barack.\\\" Obama (Sr.) later became an atheist, believing that religion was\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16945946\",\n \"text\": \"Secretary Steven Chu was chosen as the designated survivor and did not attend the speech. The 2010 State of the Union Address was given by United States President Barack Obama on January 27, 2010, to a joint session of Congress. It was aired on all the major networks starting at 9 pm ET. It was Obama's first State of the Union Address, though the president did give a non-State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress a month after taking office in 2009. The speech was delivered in the United States House of Representatives in the United\",\n \"title\": \"Speeches of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12648062\",\n \"text\": \"Presidential transition of Barack Obama The Presidential transition of Barack Obama began when Barack Obama won the United States presidential election on November 4, 2008, and became the President-elect. He was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 15, 2008. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 8, 2009, and the transition ended when he was inaugurated at noon on January 20, 2009. The Obama transition organization was called the Obama-Biden Transition Project. The transition team was convened during the height of the campaign, well before the outcome could be known, to begin making\",\n \"title\": \"Presidential transition of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16107276\",\n \"text\": \"serving the People of Illinois in both the Illinois State Senate and the United States Senate, and dedicated his life to protecting the rights of Americans and building bridges across communities. Since the United States presidential election of 2008, Obama Day is celebrated annually on November 6 in Kenya, the country from which President Obama's father originated. Barack Obama Day Barack Obama Day refers to two days of recognition in the United States in honor of Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The State of Illinois celebrates the commemorative holiday\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16107273\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama Day Barack Obama Day refers to two days of recognition in the United States in honor of Barack Obama, who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The State of Illinois celebrates the commemorative holiday every August 4, which is Obama's birthday, beginning in 2018. Obama was a member of the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004 and represented the state in the United States Senate from 2005 to 2008 before becoming president. Similar to other commemorative holidays, it is not a legal state holiday, meaning workplaces are not closed on the\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12819361\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy Barack Obama – Der schwarze Kennedy () is a best-selling German-language biography of President of the United States Barack Obama by journalist Christoph von Marschall. The book was written by Marschall while he spent much of 2007 travelling with Obama's presidential campaign as a reporter for the Berlin newspaper \\\"Der Tagesspiegel\\\". It covers Obama’s life from his childhood, through his college years, his time as a community organizer in Chicago, Illinois, and his political career including his 2008 presidential campaign. Marschall sums up his impressions of Obama by saying, “Seine Lebensgeschichte steht für den amerikanischen\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16945943\",\n \"text\": \"$787 billion American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 as well as the Troubled Assets Relief Program, the state of the economy, and the future of the country. Attorney General Eric Holder was the designated survivor and did not attend the address in order to maintain a continuity of government. He was sequestered at a secret secure location for the duration of the event. \\\"A New Beginning\\\" is the name of a speech delivered by United States President Barack Obama on June 4, 2009, from the Major Reception Hall at Cairo University in Egypt. Al-Azhar University co-hosted the event. The\",\n \"title\": \"Speeches of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12223540\",\n \"text\": \"in his book \\\"The Case Against Barack Obama\\\") of Obama. In March 2009, the Pew Research Center reported that 11% of Americans still believed that Obama was a Muslim, with the percentages highest (19%) among self-identified white evangelical Protestants and people who disapproved of Obama's job performance in the first month of his presidency, and lowest (6%) among college graduates and blacks. The poll indicated that 48% of those surveyed believed that he was Christian, down 3% from October 2008, and that 35% did not know his religion. This faulty belief still persists and has even risen slightly as of\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12966525\",\n \"text\": \"the face. Barack Obama is the subject of graphic novel \\\"Barack Hussein Obama\\\" by Steven Weissman. In this, President Obama and his cast of characters (Secretary Clinton, VP Joe Biden, his family) experience life in a parallel universe. Barack Obama has also appeared in Archie Comics Veronica #199, and Archie #616 and #617. President Obama was in the Flashpoint Storyline of DC comics of 2011. He discusses the earth members of The Green Lantern Corp with Amanda Waller. Barack Obama in comics Barack Obama has appeared as a character in comic books published by a number of publishing companies, sometimes\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama in comics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12648107\",\n \"text\": \"be included in the collection of the Presidential Library. Vice President Dick Cheney was injured moving out of his residence just before the inauguration and used a wheelchair during the ceremony. Presidential transition of Barack Obama The Presidential transition of Barack Obama began when Barack Obama won the United States presidential election on November 4, 2008, and became the President-elect. He was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 15, 2008. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 8, 2009, and the transition ended when he was inaugurated at noon on January 20, 2009.\",\n \"title\": \"Presidential transition of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11795066\",\n \"text\": \"record the race of drivers they stopped. In February 2002, Obama introduced SB 1789, which would have adopted instant-runoff voting (IRV) for congressional and state primary elections in Illinois and authorized IRV for local elections, although it did not ultimately pass. He resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the U.S. Senate. Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama Barack Obama served three terms in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, when he was elected to the United States Senate. During this part of his career, Obama continued teaching constitutional law part time at the\",\n \"title\": \"Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772930\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Barry\\\" rather than \\\"Barack\\\"; and that Barack Obama Sr. was not his biological father, as well as the rumor that Barack Obama was not a natural-born citizen. In August 2008, Philip J. Berg, a former member of the Democratic State Committee of Pennsylvania, brought an unsuccessful lawsuit against Obama, which alleged \\\"that Obama was born in Mombasa, Kenya.\\\" In October 2008, an NPR article referred to \\\"Kenyan-born Sen. Barack Obama.\\\" Also that month, anonymous e-mails circulated claiming that the Associated Press (AP) had reported Obama was \\\"Kenyan-Born\\\". The claims were based on an AP story that had appeared five years\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12923474\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama \\\"Hope\\\" poster The Barack Obama \\\"Hope\\\" poster is an image of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and came to represent his 2008 presidential campaign. It consists of a stylized stencil portrait of Obama in solid red, beige and (light and dark) blue, with the word \\\"progress\\\", \\\"hope\\\" or \\\"change\\\" below (and other words in some versions). The design was created in one day and printed first as a poster. Fairey sold 290 of the posters on the street immediately after printing them. It was then more widely distributed—both as a\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama \\\"Hope\\\" poster\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15883986\",\n \"text\": \"if the sport is not available at Barack Obama. Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy at B.F. Darrell (BOMLA) is a magnet secondary school for boys located in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas. It is a part of the Dallas Independent School District. After the Irma Lerma Rangel Young Women's Leadership School, it is DISD's second single gender school. The school, which occupies the campus of the former B.F. Darrell Elementary School, is named after former President of the United States Barack Obama, in honor of the fact that he was the first black\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20610822\",\n \"text\": \"use of bushes in the portrait. President Barack Obama (painting) President Barack Obama is a 2018 portrait of Barack Obama by the artist Kehinde Wiley for the National Portrait Gallery. In October 2017, it was announced that Wiley had been chosen by Barack Obama to paint an official portrait of the former president to appear in Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery \\\"America's Presidents\\\" exhibition. The painting depicts Obama sitting in a chair seemingly floating among foliage. The foliage is described by the author as \\\"chrysanthemums (the official flower of Chicago), jasmine (symbolic of Hawaii where the president spent most of his\",\n \"title\": \"President Barack Obama (painting)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20610818\",\n \"text\": \"President Barack Obama (painting) President Barack Obama is a 2018 portrait of Barack Obama by the artist Kehinde Wiley for the National Portrait Gallery. In October 2017, it was announced that Wiley had been chosen by Barack Obama to paint an official portrait of the former president to appear in Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery \\\"America's Presidents\\\" exhibition. The painting depicts Obama sitting in a chair seemingly floating among foliage. The foliage is described by the author as \\\"chrysanthemums (the official flower of Chicago), jasmine (symbolic of Hawaii where the president spent most of his childhood) and African blue lilies (alluding\",\n \"title\": \"President Barack Obama (painting)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15491692\",\n \"text\": \"the ballot. In July 2012, Taitz sued to block the certification of the primary election results, alleging \\\"rampant election fraud\\\"; she also alleged Obama engaged in \\\"identity fraud.\\\" Her suit was denied. In October, 2012, Taitz tried to revive her election lawsuit by asking the court to compel Occidental College to produce student records for President Barack Obama, who attended Occidental from 1979 to 1981. The judge ruled that Taitz's motion did not meet basic legal requirements and ordered her to pay $4,000 in sanctions to Occidental's lawyer for the cost of opposing the motion. The California Court of Appeal\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045036\",\n \"text\": \"accomplished pianist and has performed in concert.In 2009, Mark Ndesandjo published a semi-autobiographical novel, \\\"Nairobi to Shenzhen: A Novel of Love in the East\\\". He published a memoir in 2013, entitled, \\\"Cultures: My Odyssey of Self-Discovery\\\". In it, he accused their father Barack Sr. of abuse. Barack Obama's half-brother (also known as David Opiyo Obama), son of Barack Obama Sr. and his third wife, Ruth Baker, an American. He died in a motorcycle accident several years after his father's death in a car accident. Youngest half-brother of Barack Obama, born c. 1982, son of Barack Obama Sr. and Jael Otieno.\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045024\",\n \"text\": \"daughter and at least four sons in addition to Barack II. Aunt of U.S. President Barack Obama and younger sister of his father, born to Hussein Onyango and second wife Habiba Akumu Obama. She is the sole surviving full sibling of Barack Obama Sr. Sarah Onyango Obama was the third wife of Obama's paternal grandfather. She is known for short as Sarah Obama; she is sometimes referred to as Sarah Ogwel, Sarah Hussein Obama, or Sarah Anyango Obama. She lives in Nyang'oma Kogelo village, 30 miles west of western Kenya's main town, Kisumu, on the edge of Lake Victoria. (She\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12923497\",\n \"text\": \"the case, with the government sentencing request stating that \\\"[a] sentence without any term of imprisonment sends a terrible message to those who might commit the same sort of criminal conduct. Encouraging parties to game the civil litigation system [...] creates terrible incentives and subverts the truth-finding function of civil litigation.\\\" However, his sentence was ultimately limited to 300 hours of community service and a $30,000 fine. Barack Obama \\\"Hope\\\" poster The Barack Obama \\\"Hope\\\" poster is an image of Barack Obama designed by artist Shepard Fairey, which was widely described as iconic and came to represent his 2008 presidential\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama \\\"Hope\\\" poster\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15102326\",\n \"text\": \"Campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama The campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama is the rhetoric in the campaign speeches given by President of the United States, Barack Obama, between February 10, 2007 and November 5, 2008 for the 2008 presidential campaign. Obama became the 44th president after George W. Bush with running mate Joe Biden. In his campaign rhetoric, Obama used three main devices: motifs, American exceptionalism, and voicing. A motif is a rhetorical device that involves the repeated presence of a concept, which heightens its importance in a speech and draws attention to the idea. Obama's motifs became so recognizable\",\n \"title\": \"Campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12966521\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama in comics Barack Obama has appeared as a character in comic books published by a number of publishing companies, sometimes appearing as a realistic fictionalized version of himself and sometimes as a spoof. Obama made his first appearance as a comic book character in July 2007 in \\\"Licensable BearTM\\\" No. 4 by Nat Gertler, where he appeared as a U.S. Senator. The comic only had a print-run of 1,050 issues. A year later, in September 2008, Obama appeared in Erik Larsen’s \\\"Savage Dragon\\\" No. 137. This issue featured a variant cover which showed Obama with the Savage Dragon,\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama in comics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13806715\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama \\\"Joker\\\" poster The Barack Obama \\\"Joker\\\" poster is a digitally manipulated image of United States President Barack Obama, designed by Firas Alkhateeb in January 2009, that was adopted by some critics of the Obama administration and described as the most famous anti-Obama image. The image portrays Obama as comic book supervillain the Joker, based on the portrayal by Heath Ledger in \\\"The Dark Knight\\\" (2008). Alkhateeb has said the image was not intended to make a political statement. He uploaded the image to the photo-sharing website Flickr, from where it was downloaded by an unknown individual who added\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama \\\"Joker\\\" poster\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12649020\",\n \"text\": \"Obama left office, historians expressed various opinions about his effectiveness as president, with many noting that subsequent events would determine his ultimate legacy. There was universal agreement that Obama would long be remembered as the first African-American president. Many noted that Obama presided over an economic recovery and passed major domestic legislation, but failed to bridge a partisan divide and left office with his party in a weakened state. Presidency of Barack Obama The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States, and\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045045\",\n \"text\": \"complications caused by cancer and respiratory problems. Half-uncle of Barack Obama, born c. 1950s in Nyang'oma Kogelo; son of Onyango and his third wife Sarah Obama. Half-uncle of Barack Obama, born c. 1950s in Nyang'oma Kogelo; son of Onyango and his third wife Sarah Obama. Barack Obama has called his wife Michelle Obama \\\"the most quintessentially American woman I know.\\\" Her family is of African-American heritage, descendants of Africans and Europeans of the colonial era and antebellum eras. Michelle Obama's family history traces from colonists and slavery in the South to Reconstruction to the Great Migration to northern cities, in\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20774985\",\n \"text\": \"station was briefly announced to have been renamed \\\"Trump Plaza\\\", as an April fools joke. In addition to fuel supplies it includes a variety of food outlets including Supermac's, Papa John's Pizza, Mac's Place, Bewleys coffee and a Spar store. The Barack Obama Plaza also includes a visitor centre that provides information on President Obama’s family connections in Moneygall where his great-great-great-grandfather lived. Barack Obama Plaza Barack Obama Plaza (Moneygall services), is an off line service area, at Junction 23 of the M7 on the outskirts of the village of Moneygall on the border of Counties Tipperary and Offaly in\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Plaza\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20774984\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama Plaza Barack Obama Plaza (Moneygall services), is an off line service area, at Junction 23 of the M7 on the outskirts of the village of Moneygall on the border of Counties Tipperary and Offaly in Ireland. The plaza was opened for business in June 2014 and is accessed using the existing junction 23 slip roads. It is named after US president Barack Obama, whose 3rd great grandfather lived nearby. The ancestor was reportedly Falmouth Kearney, who emigrated to the US in 1850. The service station cost 7 million euros to construct, and opened in 2014. In 2017 the\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Plaza\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12648888\",\n \"text\": \"Presidency of Barack Obama The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2017. Obama, a Democrat, took office following a decisive victory over Republican John McCain in the 2008 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2012 election, he defeated Republican Mitt Romney to win re-election. He was the first African American president, the first multiracial president, the first non-white president, and the first president to have been born in Hawaii. Obama was succeeded by Republican Donald\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045033\",\n \"text\": \"to Kezia Obama. In \\\"Dreams from My Father,\\\" Obama wrote that his Obama relatives doubt that Abo and Bernard are the biological sons of Barack Obama, Sr. Abo manages a mobile phone shop in Kenya. Born Ruth Beatrice Baker in the United States around 1937, the daughter of Maurice Joseph Baker and Ida Baker of Newton, Massachusetts, who are of Lithuanian Jewish descent. Ruth Baker was a 1954 graduate of Brookline High School in Brookline, Massachusetts, and a 1958 graduate of Simmons College in Boston with a degree in business. She was a suburban elementary school teacher when she met\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045028\",\n \"text\": \"son of Barack Obama Sr. and his first wife, Kezia. Malik Obama was born and raised in Nairobi, Kenya. He earned a degree in accounting from the University of Nairobi. The half brothers met for the first time in 1985 when Barack flew from Chicago to Washington, D.C., to visit Malik. Malik and his half-brother Barack were best men at each other's weddings. Barack Obama brought his wife Michelle to Kenya three years later, and they met with Malik again while meeting many other relatives for the first time. He lives in the Obamas' ancestral home, Nyang'oma Kogelo, a village\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17837291\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama Presidential Center The Barack Obama Presidential Center is the planned presidential center of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. It will be located in Jackson Park on the South Side of Chicago, near the University of Chicago campus. The university provides planning, support, engagement and programming. Included within the center's plans is a new branch for the Chicago Public Library. The nonprofit Obama Foundation will oversee the center's creation and its campus' construction, and partner with the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) to digitize the presidency records. In August 2018, the Chicago Park District\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Presidential Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045055\",\n \"text\": \"Verdelle Robinson; August 22, 1930 – April 16, 2000), was a sister of Michelle Obama's paternal grandfather, Fraser Robinson Jr. He is 12 years older, and Funnye and Obama grew to know each other as adults in Chicago, where both were involved in community organizing, along with Barack Obama. He is one of America's most prominent African-American rabbis, known for acting as a bridge between mainstream Jewry and African American Jews. He converted to Judaism after 1970, during years of activism when he regarded Christianity as having been imposed on slaves. Family of Barack Obama The family of Barack Obama,\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045021\",\n \"text\": \"Obama. The word \\\"mzee\\\" (meaning \\\"elder\\\") is a Kenyan honorific. And to this day the Obama family in Kenya is divided between Seventh-day Adventists and Muslims. Also known as Akumu Nyanjoga and Sje. She was Barack Obama's paternal grandmother, and the second wife of Hussein Onyango Obama. She had three children with Onyango: daughters Sarah and Auma, and son Barack (Barack Obama's father). Her father was named Njango or Njoga, and she was born and raised in the Western Kenyan village of Karabondi. In his memoir \\\"Dreams from My Father,\\\" Obama wrote that Akumu was miserable in her marriage and\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826760\",\n \"text\": \"disclosure, Obama may be worth as much as $10 million. In early 2010, Michelle spoke about her husband's smoking habit and said that Barack had quit smoking. On his 55th birthday, August 4, 2016, Obama penned an essay in \\\"Glamour\\\", in which he described how his daughters and the presidency have made him a feminist. Obama is a Protestant Christian whose religious views developed in his adult life. He wrote in \\\"The Audacity of Hope\\\" that he \\\"was not raised in a religious household\\\". He described his mother, raised by non-religious parents, as being detached from religion, yet \\\"in many\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12074487\",\n \"text\": \"on September 26, despite Congress' lack of immediate action on the bill. His ineffectiveness in the negotiations and his reversal in decision to attend the debates were seized upon to portray McCain as erratic in his response to the economy. Days later, a second version of the original bailout bill was passed by both the House and Senate, with Obama, his vice presidential running mate Joe Biden, and McCain all voting for the measure (Hillary Clinton would as well). The Civil Forum on the Presidency was the venue of back-to-back interviews of U.S. presidential candidates John McCain and Barack Obama\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15883981\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy at B.F. Darrell (BOMLA) is a magnet secondary school for boys located in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas. It is a part of the Dallas Independent School District. After the Irma Lerma Rangel Young Women's Leadership School, it is DISD's second single gender school. The school, which occupies the campus of the former B.F. Darrell Elementary School, is named after former President of the United States Barack Obama, in honor of the fact that he was the first black President. The former Darrell Vanguard campus was renovated until\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12817948\",\n \"text\": \"First inauguration of Barack Obama The first inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States took place on Tuesday, January 20, 2009. The inauguration, which set a record attendance for any event held in Washington, D.C., marked the commencement of the first four-year term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President. Based on the combined attendance numbers, television viewership, and Internet traffic, it was among the most-observed events ever by the global audience. \\\"A New Birth of Freedom\\\", a phrase from the Gettysburg Address, served as the inaugural theme to commemorate the\",\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826745\",\n \"text\": \"was mostly of English descent, with some German, Irish, Scottish, Swiss, and Welsh ancestry. His father, Barack Obama Sr. (1936–1982), was a Luo Kenyan man from Nyang'oma Kogelo. Obama's parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, where his father was a foreign student on a scholarship. The couple married in Wailuku, Hawaii on February 2, 1961, six months before Obama was born. In late August 1961 (only a few weeks after he was born), Barack and his mother moved to the University of Washington in Seattle, where they lived for a\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15102335\",\n \"text\": \"an audience member to these stories. Other rhetorical devices Obama used in his campaign speeches were repetition, metaphor, personification, climax, and allusion. Campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama The campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama is the rhetoric in the campaign speeches given by President of the United States, Barack Obama, between February 10, 2007 and November 5, 2008 for the 2008 presidential campaign. Obama became the 44th president after George W. Bush with running mate Joe Biden. In his campaign rhetoric, Obama used three main devices: motifs, American exceptionalism, and voicing. A motif is a rhetorical device that involves the repeated\",\n \"title\": \"Campaign rhetoric of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045023\",\n \"text\": \"of his father, daughter of Hussein Onyango and his second wife, Habiba Akumu Obama. (She should not be confused with her stepmother Sarah Onyango Obama, also often called just Sarah Obama, the third wife of Onyango.) Barack Obama Sr., Barack Obama's father, was the son of Onyango and his second wife Habiba Akumu Obama. Educated in the US at the University of Hawai'i and Harvard University, he returned to Kenya, where he became an economist with the government. He served in the ministries of transportation and finance. Obama Sr. was married a total of three times, and he fathered a\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11664620\",\n \"text\": \"Barack II. She divorced him three years later. The elder Obama later went to Harvard University for graduate school, where he earned an M.A. in economics, and returned to Kenya in 1964. He saw his son Barack once more, when he was about ten. In late 1964, Obama Sr. married Ruth Beatrice Baker, a Jewish-American woman whom he had met in Massachusetts. They had two sons together before separating in 1971 and divorcing in 1973. Obama first worked for an oil company, before beginning work as an economist with the Kenyan Ministry of Transport. He gained a promotion to senior\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9631955\",\n \"text\": \"online performance, measured Obama as the candidate that connected the most with potential voters via the Internet. Chris Hughes, a Facebook co-founder and coordinator of online organizing within the Barack Obama presidential campaign, called the on-line surge backing Obama \\\"unprecedented\\\". One group on Facebook, \\\"Barack Obama (One Million Strong for Barack)\\\", had 894,913 members as of November 5, 2008. Obama's politician page reached more than one million supporters as of June 17, 2008. On February 2, 2007, Obama attended a rally at George Mason University organized by \\\"Students for Barack Obama\\\", a group that began on Facebook, with several thousand\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772947\",\n \"text\": \"Obama shed more light on the controversy in a 2007 interview with the \\\"Chicago Tribune\\\". In the interview, Obama's paternal step-grandmother stated that six months after Barack Obama Sr. and Ann Dunham were married, she received a letter at her home in Kenya announcing the birth of Barack Obama II, who was born August 4, 1961. In a June 2012 interview at her Kenyan home, Sarah Obama was asked: \\\"Some people want to believe that the president was born in Kenya. Have these people ever bothered you or asked for his birth certificate?\\\" Her response was: \\\"But Barack Obama wasn't\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12818032\",\n \"text\": \"belief that \\\"[Obama] is a good man, but many people in Iraq believe all American presidents are the same and that we are a playground for their interests.\\\" Another citizen noted that \\\"Obama won't get the same treatment,' ... 'But he won't have too long to prove himself to us.'\\\" Speeches First inauguration of Barack Obama The first inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States took place on Tuesday, January 20, 2009. The inauguration, which set a record attendance for any event held in Washington, D.C., marked the commencement of the first four-year term of\",\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12223572\",\n \"text\": \"has been portrayed in other comic books, in the more straightforward \\\"Barack Obama: The Road to the White House\\\" by IDW (and a couple of related comics), but also as Barack The Barbarian and in \\\"Drafted: One Hundred Days\\\" by Devil's Due Publishing, as a zombie hunter in Antarctic Press' \\\"President Evil\\\" and with the zombie killer Ash Williams in Dynamite's \\\"Army of Darkness: Ash Saves Obama.\\\" The controversial Obama \\\"Joker\\\" poster depicts Obama as comic book supervillain, The Joker, based on the portrayal by Heath Ledger in \\\"The Dark Knight\\\". The image, which had been described as \\\"shocking\\\" and\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12966522\",\n \"text\": \"who proclaims that he is endorsing him for president. The issue sold out four print runs. A month later, the comic was followed up by \\\"Presidential Material: Barack Obama\\\" by Jeff Mariotte and in November 2008 with \\\"Obama: The Comic Book\\\" by Rod Espinosa. In November 2008, two things led to an explosion in popularity of the Obama comic book character. One of Obama's advisers gave an interview to journalist Jon Swaine of \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\" titled, \\\"Barack Obama: The 50 facts you might not know.\\\" In the interview, it emerged that Obama collects \\\"Spider-Man and Conan the Barbarian.\\\" Then\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama in comics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11664631\",\n \"text\": \"Obama met Stanley Ann Dunham in a basic Russian language course at the University of Hawaii and they started dating. After becoming pregnant, Dunham dropped out of the University of Hawaii after the fall 1960 semester, while Obama continued his education. Obama married Dunham in Wailuku on the Hawaiian island of Maui on 2 February 1961. He eventually told Dunham about his previous marriage in Kenya, but said he was divorced—which she found out years later was not true. Their son Barack Obama II, was born in Honolulu on 4 August 1961 at the former Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17191975\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama Democratic Club of Upper Manhattan The Barack Obama Democratic Club of Upper Manhattan is a reform-oriented political club in New York City focused on progressive activism and electing progressive candidates to local office. The club serves the neighborhoods of Washington Heights, Inwood, and West Harlem/Hamilton Heights. The Obama Club was founded in 2009 by Mark Levine, a Democratic District Leader and Northern Manhattan political activist. The group emerged from the grassroots network of Upper Manhattan volunteers which coalesced around the 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama. Since its founding the Obama club has become known for its ethnically\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Democratic Club of Upper Manhattan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826866\",\n \"text\": \"2015, that inmates sentenced in US federal custody declined by 5% under Obama. This is the largest decline in sentenced inmates in US federal custody since Democratic President Jimmy Carter. By contrast, the federal prison population increased significantly under presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. Obama left office in January 2017 with a 60% approval rating. A 2017 C-SPAN \\\"Presidential Historians Survey\\\" ranked Obama as the 12th-best US president. The Barack Obama Presidential Center is Obama's planned presidential library. It will be hosted by the University of Chicago and located in Jackson Park\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14470025\",\n \"text\": \"twice. On January 20, 2009, Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States. On April 4, 2011, President Obama officially announced his candidacy for re-election. The announcement was made via an online video titled \\\"It Begins With Us\\\", posted on his campaign website. The President also filled out official forms with the FEC at that time. President Obama did not face a significant challenge in the Democratic primaries, with no other candidate on the ballot in all but seven states. On April 3, 2012, Obama won the Maryland and District of Columbia primaries, giving him more\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20104017\",\n \"text\": \"Arctic policy of Barack Obama see also: Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area, Presidency of Barack Obama Early on in his campaign, former President Barack Obama made it clear that climate change was a priority for his administration. Soon after becoming President Elect in November 2008, he reiterated this positing stating: “Now is the time to confront this challenge once and for all. Delay is no longer an option. Denial is no longer an acceptable response.” Contradictory to his 2008 campaign promises on the Offshore drilling debate, Obama felt obliged to open coastal areas off the Alaskan coast to exploratory\",\n \"title\": \"Arctic policy of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16541830\",\n \"text\": \"the website's internet virtual phone. In March 2007, the Barack Obama team created an interconnection between a user's account in Obama's official website and Facebook account, so a user may publish activities via sending postings from one to another. In 2008, the Obama presidential campaign spent $643,000 out of its $16 million Internet budget to promote his Facebook account. On June 17, 2008, after Hillary Clinton ended her campaign, number of followers of Barack Obama's Facebook account increased to one million. Meanwhile, in addition to Facebook accounts of Barack and Michelle Obama and Joe Biden, the Obama team created ten\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama on social media\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14134002\",\n \"text\": \"Assassination threats against Barack Obama Barack Obama, who was the 44th President of the United States, has been the target of several assassination threats and alleged plots since he first became a presidential candidate in 2007. Secret Service protection for Obama began after the Senator received a death threat in 2007, while serving as the junior Senator of Illinois and running for president. This marked the earliest time a candidate received such protection before being nominated. Security was increased early for Barack Obama due to fears of possible assassination attempts by white supremacist or other racist groups or individuals against\",\n \"title\": \"Assassination threats against Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045016\",\n \"text\": \"born in 1640 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was one of Obama's maternal eighth great-grandfathers and is his earliest ancestor known to be born in North America. Obama's family in Kenya are members of the Luo people, the nation's second-largest ethnic group. Linguistically, Luo is one of the Nilotic languages. The Obama family is concentrated in the western Kenyan province of Nyanza. Paternal grandfather to Barack Obama, he was born Onyango Obama. (One source gives 1870–1975 as his dates of birth and death, possibly based on his tombstone in his home village. Barack Obama relates finding in 1988 a British\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12044994\",\n \"text\": \"Family of Barack Obama The family of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, and his wife Michelle Obama is made up of people of Kenyan (Luo), African-American, and Old Stock American (including originally English, Scots-Irish, Welsh, German, and Swiss) ancestry. Their immediate family was the First Family of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The Obamas are the first First Family of African-American descent. Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama (born January 17, 1964) is an American lawyer, university administrator, and writer who served as the First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826851\",\n \"text\": \"in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 2009, with \\\"deep gratitude and great humility.\\\" The award drew a mixture of praise and criticism from world leaders and media figures. Obama's peace prize was called a \\\"stunning surprise\\\" by \\\"The New York Times\\\". Obama is the fourth U.S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the third to become a Nobel laureate while in office. Obama's Nobel Prize has been viewed skeptically in subsequent years, especially after the director of the Nobel Institute, Geir Lundestad, said Obama's Peace Prize did not have the desired effect. Barack Obama's presidency ended at\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11795102\",\n \"text\": \"Hampshire University (2007), Howard University (2007), and Wesleyan University (2008). The audiobook edition of \\\"Dreams from My Father\\\" earned Obama the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album in 2006. He won the award a second time in 2008 for the spoken word edition of \\\"The Audacity of Hope\\\". A school in Obama's father's hometown, which the senator visited on his 2006 Kenya trip, was renamed the Senator Barack Obama Primary School. United States Senate career of Barack Obama The United States Senate career of Barack Obama began on January 3, 2005 and ended on November 16, 2008. He resigned\",\n \"title\": \"United States Senate career of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14114976\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12 The Barack Obama Academy of International Studies, also known as Pittsburgh Obama 6-12, is a public school in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The school is named in honor of Former President Barack Obama who served as 44th President of the United States. Pittsburgh Obama is an International Baccalaureate school which was created when the Pittsburgh Public Schools combined Frick Middle School and Schenley High School. As of the 2017-2018 school year, Pittsburgh Obama is located in the former Peabody High School building. Before that, it was housed in the former\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11664621\",\n \"text\": \"economic analyst in the Ministry of Finance. He was among a cadre of young Kenyan men who had been educated in the West in a program supported by Tom Mboya. Obama Sr. had conflicts with Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta, which adversely affected his career. He was fired and blacklisted in Kenya, finding it nearly impossible to get a job. Obama Sr. was involved in three serious car accidents during his final years; he died as a result of the last one in 1982. Barack Obama Sr. was born in 1936 in Rachuonyo District on the shores of Lake Victoria just\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11719441\",\n \"text\": \"Early life and career of Barack Obama Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii to Barack Obama, Sr. (1936–1982) (born in Rachuonyo District, British Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (1942–1995) (born in Wichita, Kansas, United States). Barack Obama spent most of his childhood years in Honolulu, where his mother attended the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Obama started a close relationship with his maternal grandparents. In 1965, his mother remarried to Lolo Soetoro from Indonesia. Two years later, Dunham took Obama with her to Indonesia to\",\n \"title\": \"Early life and career of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12817952\",\n \"text\": \"culmination of the presidential transition of Barack Obama that began when he won the United States presidential election on November 4, 2008 and became the President-elect. In accordance with of the United States Constitution, Obama resigned from the United States Senate effective November 16, 2008. He was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 15, 2008. The results were certified by a joint session of Congress on January 8, 2009. Obama, who originally campaigned using the slogan \\\"Change We Can Believe In\\\" and later \\\"Change We Need\\\", was widely celebrated as the first African American president of the United\",\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826841\",\n \"text\": \"a significant public moment, greeted and shook hands with Obama at the Nelson Mandela memorial service in Johannesburg. In December 2014, after the secret meetings, it was announced that Obama, with Pope Francis as an intermediary, had negotiated a restoration of relations with Cuba, after nearly sixty years of détente. Popularly dubbed the Cuban Thaw, \\\"The New Republic\\\" deemed the Cuban Thaw to be \\\"Obama's finest foreign policy achievement.\\\" On July 1, 2015, President Barack Obama announced that formal diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States would resume, and embassies would be opened in Washington and Havana. The countries'\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2826786\",\n \"text\": \"of the popular vote, Obama became the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win the majority of the popular vote twice. President Obama addressed supporters and volunteers at Chicago's McCormick Place after his reelection and said: \\\"Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours. And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties.\\\" The inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President took place on January 20, 2009. In his first few days in office,\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17336810\",\n \"text\": \"January 2011, Issa said in October 2010 that the committee would not seek to impeach Obama. In August 2011, Republican Congressman Michael C. Burgess of Texas agreed with a rally audience member that the impeachment of Barack Obama \\\"needs to happen\\\" in order to prevent Obama from \\\"pushing his agenda\\\". Burgess did not mention any grounds for impeachment. In June 2012, Senator Jon Kyl said on the Bill Bennett radio show that \\\"if it’s bad enough and if shenanigans involved in it, then of course impeachment is always a possibility. But I don’t think at this point anybody is talking\",\n \"title\": \"Efforts to impeach Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16107274\",\n \"text\": \"day. Perry County, Alabama, has celebrated the second Monday of November as Barack Obama Day since 2009. County offices and schools are closed for the holiday. In 2017, Illinois State Representatives André Thapedi and Sonya Harper introduced a bill to designate Barack Obama Day as a state holiday. The original measure would have closed schools and state offices for the day. It was rejected by the House in March 2017, citing expense and the lack of a holiday for other presidents from Illinois, such as Ronald Reagan. That same year, State Senator Emil Jones III and others introduced Illinois Senate\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Day\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20104026\",\n \"text\": \"to shoal waters in close proximity to the proposed two-way route where the consequences of a grounding could be particularly severe. The Coast Guard received several public comments that identified this area as being of particularly high concern.\\\" Arctic policy of Barack Obama see also: Northern Bering Sea Climate Resilience Area, Presidency of Barack Obama Early on in his campaign, former President Barack Obama made it clear that climate change was a priority for his administration. Soon after becoming President Elect in November 2008, he reiterated this positing stating: “Now is the time to confront this challenge once and for\",\n \"title\": \"Arctic policy of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16989444\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney \\\"Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney\\\" is a song and music video, performed by Iman Crosson, Peter \\\"Nice Peter\\\" Shukoff, and Lloyd \\\"EpicLLOYD\\\" Ahlquist. It is the 8th episode of the 2nd season of the YouTube video series \\\"Epic Rap Battles of History\\\". The video was released on 15 October 2012 on the show's YouTube channel in anticipation of the 2012 US presidential election. The video features President of the United States Barack Obama (portrayed by Iman Crosson) and former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney (portrayed by Lloyd Ahlquist) facing off in a rap battle. Following\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16892997\",\n \"text\": \"the man in question and the country he leads were in so many ways far beyond what the Founders could have imagined. And that, despite our natural tendency to glorify our origins, that this America was in virtually every way better than the one they offered up to us.\\\" Second inauguration of Barack Obama The second inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States, marked the commencement of the second term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President. A private swearing-in ceremony took place on Sunday, January 20, 2013 in the Blue Room of\",\n \"title\": \"Second inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16892941\",\n \"text\": \"Second inauguration of Barack Obama The second inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States, marked the commencement of the second term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President. A private swearing-in ceremony took place on Sunday, January 20, 2013 in the Blue Room of the White House. A public inauguration ceremony took place on Monday, January 21, 2013, at the United States Capitol building. The inauguration theme was \\\"Faith in America's Future\\\", a phrase that draws upon the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the completion of the Capitol dome in\",\n \"title\": \"Second inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14470023\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign The 2012 reelection campaign of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was formally announced on April 4, 2011. Along with his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, Barack Obama was opposed in the general election by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, along with various minor candidates from other parties. The election took place on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. Obama's campaign headquarters was in Chicago and key members of his successful campaign in 2008, such as Jim Messina and David Axelrod, returned to staff it. On the day of the announcement, the campaign\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772926\",\n \"text\": \"called Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women & Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Ann Dunham, from Wichita, Kansas, and her husband Barack Obama Sr., a Luo from Nyang'oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province (in what was then the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya), who was attending the University of Hawaii. Birth notices for Barack Obama were published in \\\"The Honolulu Advertiser\\\" on August 13 and the \\\"Honolulu Star-Bulletin\\\" on August 14, 1961. Obama's father's immigration file also clearly states Barack Obama was born in Hawaii. One of his high school teachers, who was acquainted with his mother at the time, remembered hearing about\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12332728\",\n \"text\": \"Corsi, and for the 527 group Swift Boat Veterans for Truth during the 2004 United States presidential election. The Case Against Barack Obama The Case Against Barack Obama: The Unlikely Rise and Unexamined Agenda of the Media's Favorite Candidate, by author David Freddoso, is a bestselling book published in late 2008, providing a critical examination of the life and opinions of the then United States presidential candidate and Senator Barack Obama. Freddoso was a political reporter for the website of the conservative magazine \\\"National Review\\\" when the book came out. He is now with the \\\"Washington Examiner\\\". The book was\",\n \"title\": \"The Case Against Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12332717\",\n \"text\": \"The Case Against Barack Obama The Case Against Barack Obama: The Unlikely Rise and Unexamined Agenda of the Media's Favorite Candidate, by author David Freddoso, is a bestselling book published in late 2008, providing a critical examination of the life and opinions of the then United States presidential candidate and Senator Barack Obama. Freddoso was a political reporter for the website of the conservative magazine \\\"National Review\\\" when the book came out. He is now with the \\\"Washington Examiner\\\". The book was published by Regnery Publishing. Freddoso said in an August 2008 interview that the book is an attempt to\",\n \"title\": \"The Case Against Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12074476\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign The 2008 presidential campaign of Barack Obama, then junior United States Senator from Illinois, was announced on February 10, 2007 in Springfield, Illinois. After winning a majority of delegates in the Democratic primaries of 2008, on August 23, leading up to the convention, the campaign announced that Senator Joe Biden of Delaware would be the vice presidential nominee. At the 2008 Democratic National Convention on August 27, Barack Obama was formally selected as the Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States in 2008. He was the first African American in history to be\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045034\",\n \"text\": \"and began dating Barack Sr. in Cambridge in June 1964, a month before his return to Kenya in August 1964. She followed Obama Sr. back to Kenya five weeks later, and married him in Kenya in a civil ceremony on December 24, 1964. She later became a private kindergarten director in Kenya. She had two sons with Barack Obama Sr.: Mark and David. She and Barack Sr. separated in 1971 and divorced about 1973. Since she remarried when her sons were young, they took their stepfather's surname, Ndesandjo, as their own. Her third son, Joseph Ndesandjo, was born c. 1980\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14114977\",\n \"text\": \"Reizenstein Middle School building for three years. The school is noted for its heavy involvement in the Pennsylvania YMCA Youth and Government program. As of October 1, 2017: Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12 The Barack Obama Academy of International Studies, also known as Pittsburgh Obama 6-12, is a public school in the East Liberty neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The school is named in honor of Former President Barack Obama who served as 44th President of the United States. Pittsburgh Obama is an International Baccalaureate school which was created when the Pittsburgh Public Schools combined Frick Middle School and\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama Academy of International Studies 6-12\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11719472\",\n \"text\": \"in the Illinois state Senate and attended Louis Farrakhan's Million Man March in Washington, DC. Early life and career of Barack Obama Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States, was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii to Barack Obama, Sr. (1936–1982) (born in Rachuonyo District, British Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (1942–1995) (born in Wichita, Kansas, United States). Barack Obama spent most of his childhood years in Honolulu, where his mother attended the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Obama started a close relationship with his maternal grandparents. In 1965, his mother remarried to\",\n \"title\": \"Early life and career of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16945960\",\n \"text\": \"Speeches of Barack Obama Barack Obama served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. Before his presidency, he served in the Illinois Senate (1997–2004) and the United States Senate (2005–2008). It was during his campaign for the United States Senate that he first made a speech that received nationwide attention; he gave the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. and stated \\\"there is not a liberal America and a conservative America—there is the United States of America\\\". Obama began to run for president just three years after that speech. In response to a\",\n \"title\": \"Speeches of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16945941\",\n \"text\": \"Obama as the President of the United States. Following his victory in the United States presidential election, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama gave his victory speech at Grant Park in his home city of Chicago, Illinois, on November 4, 2008, before an estimated crowd of 240,000. Viewed on television and the Internet by millions of people around the globe, Obama's speech focused on the major issues facing the United States and the world, all echoed through his campaign slogan of change. He also mentioned his grandmother, who had died two nights earlier. United States President Barack Obama delivered a speech to\",\n \"title\": \"Speeches of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16945934\",\n \"text\": \"Speeches of Barack Obama Barack Obama served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. Before his presidency, he served in the Illinois Senate (1997–2004) and the United States Senate (2005–2008). It was during his campaign for the United States Senate that he first made a speech that received nationwide attention; he gave the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention. and stated \\\"there is not a liberal America and a conservative America—there is the United States of America\\\". Obama began to run for president just three years after that speech. In response to a\",\n \"title\": \"Speeches of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12966524\",\n \"text\": \"president-elect was featured in Secret Invasion #8; this is the first appearance of president-elect Barack Obama in a Marvel comic. Obama the comic book character has been put on the cover and pages of many other comics including \\\"Savage Dragon\\\" No. 145 (February 2008) by Erik Larsen and \\\"Youngblood\\\" No. 8 (February 2008) by Rob Liefeld. The \\\"Savage Dragon\\\" No. 145 had a special edition variant only offered at the WonderCon 2009 in San Francisco in March 2009 (only 1,500 were produced). On the cover, Barack Obama can be seen holding an American flag and punching Osama Bin Laden in\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama in comics\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045041\",\n \"text\": \"States in October 1963 when he was 17 years old as part of Kenya president Tom Mboya's Airlift Africa project, to send promising Kenyan students to the US for education, particularly undergraduate and graduate school. Once he arrived in the country, his half-brother, Barack Obama Sr., found him a place at a boys' school then known as Browne & Nichols, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He later dropped out of school and changed his name to O. Onyango Obama. He has operated a liquor store in Framingham, where he resided as of March 2011. Barack Obama lived with Onyango in the 1980s\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12045027\",\n \"text\": \"children together: Abongo [Roy] and Auma; and she has also claimed Bernard and Abo Obama as sons by Barack Sr. She lives in Bracknell, Berkshire, England. On March 22, 2009, Kezia Obama made a guest appearance on the British television show \\\"Chris Moyles' Quiz Night.\\\" Her sister, Jane, is the 'Auntie Jane' mentioned at the very start of \\\"Dreams from My Father;\\\" she telephoned Obama in the US in 1982 to tell him that his father had been killed in a car accident in Kenya. Barack Obama's half-brother, also known as Abongo or Roy, was born c. March 1958, the\",\n \"title\": \"Family of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17827539\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama on mass surveillance U.S. president Barack Obama has received widespread criticism due to his support of government surveillance. President Obama had released many statements on mass surveillance as a result. As a senator, Obama condemned the Patriot Act for violating the rights of American citizens. He argued that it allowed government agents to perform extensive and in-depth searches on American citizens without a search warrant. He also argued that it was possible to secure the United States against terrorist attacks while preserving individual liberty. In 2011, Obama signed a four-year renewal of the Patriot Act, specifically provisions allowing\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama on mass surveillance\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16892954\",\n \"text\": \"States Capitol on January 21, Associate Justice Sotomayor administered the oath to Vice President Joe Biden, and then Chief Justice Roberts administered the Presidential oath to President Barack Obama minutes after Vice President Biden received his oath. At the public inaugural ceremony, Vice President Biden was sworn in using the Biden family Bible, while President Obama was sworn in using two Bibles owned by Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr. President Obama became the 17th U.S. president to be re-elected for a second term of office. After Barack Obama had recited the oath of office, where Obama had placed\",\n \"title\": \"Second inauguration of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12223563\",\n \"text\": \"in favor of Obama, 6% in favor of McCain). The only country surveyed (other than the U.S.) where McCain's popularity rivaled Obama's was Jordan, where 22% were in favor of Obama and 23% in favor of McCain. Obama scored higher approval ratings in all 70 countries covered in an October 2008 Gallup poll, with the most favorable scores coming from Asian and European countries. In 2007, Christoph von Marschall wrote a book entitled \\\"Barack Obama – Der schwarze Kennedy\\\". The literal translation of its German title is \\\"Barack Obama. The Black Kennedy\\\". His book was a best seller in Germany,\",\n \"title\": \"Public image of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14470038\",\n \"text\": \"a generic Republican, 48% backed the generic Republican and 40% backed the President. In February 2012, Obama held a sizable lead over both Mitt Romney (53–43) and Rick Santorum (53–42) nationally. By the end of March 2012, Obama's lead over Romney had narrowed to approximately 2.4% (46.6–44.2) nationally. An August 2012 CNN/ORC poll found that Obama led Romney 52% to 45%. A Fox News poll conducted nearly the same time placed the two candidates 49% to 40%, with Obama in the lead. Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign The 2012 reelection campaign of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12621203\",\n \"text\": \"at the medium-security Federal Correctional Institution in McKean, Pennsylvania, and was released in July 2017. Cowart is serving his sentence at the medium-security Federal Correctional Institution in Williamsburg, South Carolina, and is scheduled for release in 2021. Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee The Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee was a plot by Paul Schlesselman and Daniel Cowart to assassinate Barack Obama, who was then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The two men, both Neo-Nazis, spoke of killing Obama during a planned murder spree of 88 African Americans in Tennessee, many of whom were young students at an\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12621180\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee The Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee was a plot by Paul Schlesselman and Daniel Cowart to assassinate Barack Obama, who was then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The two men, both Neo-Nazis, spoke of killing Obama during a planned murder spree of 88 African Americans in Tennessee, many of whom were young students at an unidentified, predominantly black school. Schlesselman and Cowart were arrested on October 22, 2008, and found to be in possession of several weapons. The men told authorities of their planned assassination and killing spree, and said they intended\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12392830\",\n \"text\": \"a racist, and that is not him.\\\" Gartrell was released from federal custody on June 12, 2009. Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver The Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver refers to an alleged plot by Shawn Robert Adolf, Tharin Robert Gartrell and Nathan Dwaine Johnson to assassinate Barack Obama, then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The trio allegedly planned to shoot Senator Obama with a high-powered rifle during the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. The alleged motive for the attempted assassination was a white supremacist belief that an African American should not be elected President of the\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12392797\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver The Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver refers to an alleged plot by Shawn Robert Adolf, Tharin Robert Gartrell and Nathan Dwaine Johnson to assassinate Barack Obama, then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The trio allegedly planned to shoot Senator Obama with a high-powered rifle during the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. The alleged motive for the attempted assassination was a white supremacist belief that an African American should not be elected President of the United States. Gartrell was arrested August 24, 2008, and found to be in possession of rifles and\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12952272\",\n \"text\": \"5, 2002 general election, Democratic Party candidate Obama, running unopposed on the ballot, was re-elected to a four-year term as state senator for the new 13th District with 48,717 votes. Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama Barack Obama won three Illinois Senate elections. The Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama began in 1997 after his first election in 1996 to a two-year term in the Illinois Senate representing Illinois' 13th Legislative District in Chicago. He was re-elected in 1998 to a four-year term and re-elected again in 2002 to another four-year term. He resigned from the Illinois Senate in 2004\",\n \"title\": \"Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16945956\",\n \"text\": \"including President Barack Obama and John Lewis, the only speaker from the original rally to remain living. Obama spoke on the 50th anniversary of the Selma to Montgomery Marches, lauded unsung heroes and everyday Americans that stood up for justice. According to leading George W. Bush speechwriter Michael Gerson, the speech \\\"falls into the category of speeches that every child should read in school\\\" and is cited by the Washington Post as the Obama speech which will hold up best for posterity. After the Charleston church shooting, during which state senator Clementa C. Pinckney and eight other victims were gunned\",\n \"title\": \"Speeches of Barack Obama\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12772922\",\n \"text\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories During Barack Obama's campaign for president in 2008, throughout his presidency, and afterwards, a number of conspiracy theories falsely asserted Obama was ineligible to be President of the United States because he was not a natural-born citizen of the U.S. as required by . Theories alleged that Obama's published birth certificate was a forgery—that his actual birthplace was not Hawaii but Kenya. Other theories alleged that Obama became a citizen of Indonesia in childhood, thereby losing his U.S. citizenship. Still others claimed that Obama was not a natural-born U.S. citizen because he was born a\",\n \"title\": \"Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["columbia university"],"string":"[\n \"columbia university\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":891,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where was st elizabeth ann seton born?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12534150","text":"to the saint under this title. National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton The National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton is a U.S. religious site and educational center in Emmitsburg, Maryland, that pays tribute to the life and mission of Elizabeth Ann Seton (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821), the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. It is both a Minor Basilica and a National Shrine. Born of a prominent Anglican family in New York City, Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton was received into the Roman Catholic faith at Saint","title":"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12534150\",\n \"text\": \"to the saint under this title. National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton The National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton is a U.S. religious site and educational center in Emmitsburg, Maryland, that pays tribute to the life and mission of Elizabeth Ann Seton (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821), the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. It is both a Minor Basilica and a National Shrine. Born of a prominent Anglican family in New York City, Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton was received into the Roman Catholic faith at Saint\",\n \"title\": \"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"14082400","text":"had 119, with Freshmen, Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors attending. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School (or Seton Catholic College Preparatory School) is a Catholic high school within the Archdiocese of Seattle in Vancouver, Washington. The school is named after Elizabeth Ann Seton, the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Seton opened in with 30 Ninth graders and 11 tenth graders. It is the first Catholic high school in southwest Washington in 43 years. In Seton's second year, they had 84 students in three","title":"St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School"},{"psg_id":"14082399","text":"St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School (or Seton Catholic College Preparatory School) is a Catholic high school within the Archdiocese of Seattle in Vancouver, Washington. The school is named after Elizabeth Ann Seton, the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Seton opened in with 30 Ninth graders and 11 tenth graders. It is the first Catholic high school in southwest Washington in 43 years. In Seton's second year, they had 84 students in three classes, Freshmen, Sophomore, and Junior. The third year, they","title":"St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School"},{"psg_id":"2072193","text":"ceremony in St. Peter's Square. In his words, \"Elizabeth Ann Seton is a saint. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton is an American. All of us say this with special joy, and with the intention of honoring the land and the nation from which she sprang forth as the first flower in the calendar of the saints. Elizabeth Ann Seton was wholly American! Rejoice for your glorious daughter. Be proud of her. And know how to preserve her fruitful heritage.\" Seton's feast day is January 4, the eleventh day of Christmastide and the anniversary of her death. Seton is the patron saint","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072189","text":"306 students from pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. Mother Seton School is the 84th-largest private school in Maryland and the 3,381st-largest nationally. It has 15.0 students to every teacher. In the Philippines, the Elizabeth Seton School in BF Resort Village, Las Piñas City was established in 1975, the year of Seton's canonization. It is the largest Catholic school in the city in terms of population. Seton Home Study School, a Roman Catholic homeschooling program based in Front Royal, Virginia, received its name from St. Elizabeth Ann Seton. Elizabeth Ann Seton College, located in Yonkers, New York was a college opened to","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072190","text":"assist young struggling women and men in need of furthering their education, offering Associate of Science or Associate of Occupational Science degrees. Seton Hall College (now known as Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey) was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, of the then-Diocese of Newark. Bishop Bayley was a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt and a nephew of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, for whom he named the institution. The Seton Hill Schools (now part of Seton Hill University), named for St. Elizabeth, were founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1885. The university","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072191","text":"continues to operate in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill. Niagara University in Lewiston, New York, near Niagara Falls, also has a dormitory building named after her, called Seton Hall. Elizabeth Seton High School, a Roman Catholic all-girls high school in Bladensburg, Maryland, sponsored by the Daughters of Charity, and Seton School in Manassas, Virginia, are also named for Mother Seton. A number of Roman Catholic churches are named for Mother Seton. These include St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic Parish in Crofton, Maryland, established in 1975 in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, the same","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"12534148","text":"Agostino Cacciavilan, the Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States. The shrine hosts an annual event in celebration of Mother Seton, honoring all girls and women named \"Elizabeth\" and \"Elizabeth Ann.\" Those bearing that name take part in a special procession during Mass where they enter the basilica together carrying a banner, and two women in the procession are chosen to venerate Mother Seton by carrying flower vases to the saint's tomb. Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton is Patroness for the Sea Services due to her deep concern for her sons, William and Richard, both of whom served in the U.S. Navy,","title":"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"13071311","text":"Elizabeth Seton Catholic School in Collier County St. Elizabeth Seton School (Naples, Florida) St. Elizabeth Seton Catholic School (often abbreviated to SES) is a co-educational parish private, Roman Catholic elementary and middle school in Naples, Florida. It is located in the Diocese of Venice in Florida. The school is named after Saint Elizabeth Ann Bailey Seton, the founder of Catholic schools in the United States. The school serves students in Grades PK (age 3) through Grade 8. There is currently one of each grade level with a total enrollment of 256 students. The student to teacher ratio is 13:1. The","title":"St. Elizabeth Seton School (Naples, Florida)"},{"psg_id":"13071310","text":"St. Elizabeth Seton School (Naples, Florida) St. Elizabeth Seton Catholic School (often abbreviated to SES) is a co-educational parish private, Roman Catholic elementary and middle school in Naples, Florida. It is located in the Diocese of Venice in Florida. The school is named after Saint Elizabeth Ann Bailey Seton, the founder of Catholic schools in the United States. The school serves students in Grades PK (age 3) through Grade 8. There is currently one of each grade level with a total enrollment of 256 students. The student to teacher ratio is 13:1. The current principal is Mrs. Maria Niebuhr. St.","title":"St. Elizabeth Seton School (Naples, Florida)"},{"psg_id":"15194579","text":"mission and raised to parish status in 1886 when Cardinal John McCloskey directed that Lower Manhattan and the Harbor Islands be separated from St. Peter’s Parish and constitute the Parish of Our Lady of the Rosary. On November 2, 2014, the Archdiocese of New York announced that the parish of Our Lady of the Rosary will merge with St. Peter's on Barclay Street, becoming one parish with two sites. Our Lady of the Rosary is an atypical parish, with no significant resident population. Masses and sacraments will continue to be celebrated at Our Lady of the Rosary. Elizabeth Ann Seton","title":"Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072185","text":"leading and developing the new congregation. Seton was described as a charming and cultured lady. Her connections to New York society and the accompanying social pressures to leave the new life she had created for herself did not deter her from embracing her religious vocation and charitable mission. The greatest difficulties she faced were actually internal, stemming from misunderstandings, interpersonal conflicts and the deaths of two daughters, other loved ones, and young sisters in the community. Seton died on January 4, 1821, at the age of 46. Today, her remains are entombed in the National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"16145957","text":"Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth Seton and of the Archdiocese of New York. Catherine Seton Catherine Josephine Seton (28 June 1800 – 3 April 1891) was the daughter of Elizabeth Ann Seton, founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph. Catherine Seton is the first American to join the Irish Sisters of Mercy. In 1800, Catherine was born on the Island of Manhattan, but she grew up in Emmitsburg, MD where Elizabeth Seton founded her order of the Sisters of Charity. Her two siblings Rebecca Marie (1802-1816) and Anna Maria (1795-1812) died young. She was second generation American,","title":"Catherine Seton"},{"psg_id":"16145954","text":"Catherine Seton Catherine Josephine Seton (28 June 1800 – 3 April 1891) was the daughter of Elizabeth Ann Seton, founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph. Catherine Seton is the first American to join the Irish Sisters of Mercy. In 1800, Catherine was born on the Island of Manhattan, but she grew up in Emmitsburg, MD where Elizabeth Seton founded her order of the Sisters of Charity. Her two siblings Rebecca Marie (1802-1816) and Anna Maria (1795-1812) died young. She was second generation American, and until Elizabeth's conversion from Episcopalian unto Catholicism was taught Episcopal Christianity. After her","title":"Catherine Seton"},{"psg_id":"10204753","text":"of 10 private schools of distinction by \"The Washington Post\" in 2005. An all-girls school, Elizabeth Seton was founded in 1959. It covers grades 9-12, and has about 650 students. The school was named in honor of American Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton. School colors are scarlet, gold, and white. The mascot is a roadrunner. The school motto is \"Light to know, grace to do.\" Elizabeth Seton High School Elizabeth Seton High School is a private, all-girls Roman Catholic high school in Bladensburg, Maryland, United States. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington. Elizabeth Seton High School was","title":"Elizabeth Seton High School"},{"psg_id":"2072175","text":"her reading showing her introspection and natural bent toward contemplation. Elizabeth was fluent in French, a fine musician, and an accomplished horsewoman. On January 25, 1794, at age 19, Elizabeth married William Magee Seton, aged 25, a wealthy businessman in the import trade. Samuel Provoost, the first Episcopal bishop of New York, presided at their wedding. Her husband's father, William Seton (1746–1798), belonged to an impoverished noble Scottish family, and had emigrated to New York in 1758, and became superintendent and part owner of the iron-works of Ringwood, New Jersey. A loyalist, the senior William Seton was the last royal","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072180","text":"climate, with Elizabeth and their eldest daughter as his companions. Upon landing at the port of Leghorn, they were held in quarantine for a month, for authorities feared they might have brought yellow fever from New York. William died on December 27, 1803, and was buried in Italy's Old English Cemetery. Elizabeth and Anna Maria were received by the families of her late husband's Italian business partners, who introduced her to Roman Catholicism. Returning to New York, the widow Seton was received into the Catholic Church on March 14, 1805, by the Reverend Matthew O'Brien, pastor of St. Peter's Church,","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072177","text":"Church, near Broadway and Wall Streets. A devout communicant, Elizabeth took the Rev. John Henry Hobart (later bishop) as her spiritual director. Along with her sister-in-law Rebecca Mary Seton (1780–1804) (her soul-friend and dearest confidante), Elizabeth continued her former stepmother's social ministry—nursing the sick and dying among family, friends, and needy neighbors. Influenced by her father she became a charter member of The Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children (1797) and also served as the organization's treasurer. When the elder William Seton died, the Seton family fortunes waned during the volatile economic climate preceding the War","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"16283903","text":"Elizabeth Seton School The Elizabeth Seton School is a private school in BF Resort, Las Piňas City and in Anabu 2-D, Imus City, Cavite, The Philippines. In 1975, Josefina V. Suarez, an educator, and her brother-in-law Francisco B. Alido, Sr., a businessman, collaborated to establish a preschool in Bacoor, Cavite. They named the school after Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton, an American saint who established a religious community of teaching sisters and laid the foundation of the Catholic parochial system in America. The school started with two classes in school year 1975-1976 with 14 pupils in the morning and 20 pupils","title":"Elizabeth Seton School"},{"psg_id":"1777166","text":"Seton Hill University Seton Hill University is a Catholic liberal arts university in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. Formerly a women's college, it became a coeducational university in 2002 and enrolls about 2,200 students. The school was founded in 1885 by the Sisters of Charity. It is named for Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774–1821), who founded the Sisters of Charity and who, after her death, was canonized as the United States' first native-born saint. (Seton Hall University and the College of Saint Elizabeth in New Jersey are also named after Elizabeth Ann Seton.) In 1914, Seton Hill Junior college was opened by the Sisters","title":"Seton Hill University"},{"psg_id":"2072176","text":"public notary for the city and province of New York. He brought his sons William (Elizabeth's husband) and James into the import-export mercantile firm, the William Seton Company, which became Seton, Maitland and Company in 1793. The younger William had visited important counting houses in Europe in 1788, was a friend of Filippo Filicchi (a renowned merchant in Leghorn, Italy, with whom his firm traded), and brought the first Stradivarius violin to America. Shortly after they married, Elizabeth and William moved into a fashionable residence on Wall Street. Socially prominent in New York society, the Setons belonged to Trinity Episcopal","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072186","text":"Seton in Emmitsburg, Maryland. By 1830, the Sisters were running orphanages and schools as far west as Cincinnati and New Orleans, and had established the first hospital west of the Mississippi in St. Louis. Seton had a deep devotion to the Eucharist, Sacred Scripture and the Virgin Mary. The 23rd Psalm was her favorite prayer throughout her life. She was a woman of prayer and service who embraced the spirituality of Louise de Marillac and Vincent de Paul. It had been her original intention to join the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, but the embargo of France","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"13040327","text":"Mother Seton House Mother Seton House is a historic home located on the grounds of St. Mary’s Seminary at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a -story red brick house, similar to other small homes built in the early 19th century for the predominantly French community nearby. It was built in 1808 as the home of Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774–1821), the first American-born woman beatified and canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. In the 1960s it was restored to its original appearance through the efforts of a committee, which continues to operate the home as a museum. Mother Seton House","title":"Mother Seton House"},{"psg_id":"12261715","text":"His father was William Seton II, captain in the U. S. Navy, son of Elizabeth Ann Seton; his mother was Emily Prime. \"Burke's Peerage\" (1900) recognized him as the head of the Seton family of Parbroath, senior cadets of the earls of Winton in Scotland. He outlived by ten years his wife Sarah Redwood Parrish, a Philadelphian Catholic convert from the Society of Friends. He is buried with the Setons at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmitsburg, Maryland. William Seton William Seton III (b. in New York, 28 January 1835; d. there, 15 March 1905) was an American author, a novelist and","title":"William Seton"},{"psg_id":"12261712","text":"William Seton William Seton III (b. in New York, 28 January 1835; d. there, 15 March 1905) was an American author, a novelist and popular science writer. He was a Roman Catholic from one of America's most distinguished Roman Catholic families. His paternal grandmother was Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, the first American citizen to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. He was educated at St. John's College, Fordham, at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md., and at the University of Bonn. He traveled extensively abroad before entering a law office in New York. Soon after his admission to the bar","title":"William Seton"},{"psg_id":"8843002","text":"of Notre Dame Archives. He was the fourth of William and Emily (Prime) Seton's seven children; the grandson of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, founder of the American Sisters of Charity in 1809; and cousin of Archbishop James Roosevelt Bayley, first bishop of the Archdiocese of Newark, New Jersey, and founder of Seton Hall University in 1856. Robert Seton Robert Seton (28 August 1839 – 1927) was a descendant of the New York \"aristocratic\" Seton and Bayley families, Seton was also a monsignor in the Roman Catholic Church and titular archbishop of Heliopolis. He was born in Pisa, Italy, and educated","title":"Robert Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072184","text":"the care of the children of the poor. This was the first congregation of religious sisters to be founded in the United States, and its school was the first free Catholic school in America. This modest beginning marked the start of the Catholic parochial school system in the United States. The congregation was initially called the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's. From that point on, she became known as \"Mother Seton\". In 1811, the sisters adopted the rules written by St. Vincent de Paul for the Daughters of Charity in France. The remainder of Seton's life was spent in","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072182","text":"Stuyvesant Lane in the Bowery, near St. Mark's Church. Seton was about to move to Canada when she met a visiting priest, the Abbé Louis William Valentine Dubourg, SS, who was a member of the French émigré community of Sulpician Fathers and then president of St. Mary's College, Baltimore. The Sulpicians had taken refuge in the United States from the religious persecution of the Reign of Terror in France and were in the process of establishing the first Catholic seminary for the United States, in keeping with the goals of their society. For several years, Dubourg had envisioned a religious","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"10204752","text":"Elizabeth Seton High School Elizabeth Seton High School is a private, all-girls Roman Catholic high school in Bladensburg, Maryland, United States. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington. Elizabeth Seton High School was established on March 15, 1957, and opened with an enrollment of 138 freshmen and a faculty of six Daughters of Charity in September 1959. As early as 1965, the Maryland State Department of Education issued a Certificate of Approval to the school and in 1968 the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools accredited Elizabeth Seton High School. Elizabeth Seton was named one","title":"Elizabeth Seton High School"},{"psg_id":"2014709","text":"Elizabeth and is one of the first Catholic colleges in the United States to award degrees to women. In 2015, the college's board of trustees voted to admit men into the traditional day program. It is named for Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774–1821), who founded the Sisters of Charity and who, after her death, was canonized as the United States' first native-born saint. (Seton Hall University in New Jersey and Seton Hill University in Pennsylvania are also named after Elizabeth Ann Seton.) The College of Saint Elizabeth is located on the campus of the Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth.The wooded","title":"College of Saint Elizabeth"},{"psg_id":"9491348","text":"Seton High School (Cincinnati, Ohio) Seton High School is a parochial all-female, college-preparatory high school in the Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Seton was founded as Mount St. Vincent Academy in 1854. It was also known as Cedar Grove. With the arrival of Elder High School's girls' department, Cedar Grove was renamed Elizabeth Ann Seton on September 12, 1927. Sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati, Seton has always provided the highest quality spiritual, academic, and social programs in a comprehensive curriculum to young women. Since its earliest days, Seton has been fully accredited by the North","title":"Seton High School (Cincinnati, Ohio)"},{"psg_id":"8475084","text":"competition held at Hamilton High School in March 2011. In March 2012, the robotics team was selected by the two best teams of the Arizona FIRST Regional, Team 610 and Team 842, and won the regional along with their alliance. Seton Catholic Preparatory High School Seton Catholic Preparatory High School is a college preparatory, co-educational Catholic high school in Chandler, Arizona, United States. Named after St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, the school was established in 1954 and is staffed by the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill. Seton Catholic Preparatory, then known as Seton Catholic High School, was founded by Father","title":"Seton Catholic Preparatory High School"},{"psg_id":"8475079","text":"Seton Catholic Preparatory High School Seton Catholic Preparatory High School is a college preparatory, co-educational Catholic high school in Chandler, Arizona, United States. Named after St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, the school was established in 1954 and is staffed by the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill. Seton Catholic Preparatory, then known as Seton Catholic High School, was founded by Father Joseph Patterson in 1954 in Chandler, Arizona. The school was initially founded as a parish school and began to operate under the supervision of the Diocese of Phoenix as a diocesan school beginning in 1973. In September 1980, a fire","title":"Seton Catholic Preparatory High School"},{"psg_id":"9633949","text":"the Christian Commonwealth School by Anne Carroll in 1973. In 1975, Mrs. Carroll moved the school from Warrenton to Manassas, Virginia and renamed it after St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, who was canonized the same year. In 1982, the Seton Home Study program was founded to complement the School. This program eventually separated and became its own entity, known as the Seton Home Study School. The enrollment of Seton High School passed the hundred mark in 1989. The school completed a purchase of church buildings in 1980 at the present location of the campus, allowing the school to continue its growth","title":"Seton School (Manassas, Virginia)"},{"psg_id":"2072192","text":"diocese in which she had founded Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School. , there are churches in her name in more than 40 states of the United States, plus Canada and Italy. Saint Seton has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Seton was beatified by Pope John XXIII on March 17, 1963. The pope said on the occasion, \"In a house that was very small, but with ample space for charity, she sowed a seed in America which by Divine Grace grew into a large tree.\" Pope Paul VI canonized Seton on September 14, 1975, in a","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"19296740","text":"and women's sports offered at the college. Elizabeth Seton College Elizabeth Seton College (ESC) was a private, Roman Catholic two-year college in Yonkers, New York. Run by the Sisters of Charity of New York, the college opened in 1961 and closed in 1989, merging with the more financially secure Iona College in New Rochelle, New York. Elizabeth Seton College was opened in 1961 by the Sisters of Charity of New York in the Alder Manor, former home of copper magnate William Boyce Thompson. The mansion was purchased by Archdiocese of New York in 1951, and served as a girls' high","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"19296720","text":"Elizabeth Seton College Elizabeth Seton College (ESC) was a private, Roman Catholic two-year college in Yonkers, New York. Run by the Sisters of Charity of New York, the college opened in 1961 and closed in 1989, merging with the more financially secure Iona College in New Rochelle, New York. Elizabeth Seton College was opened in 1961 by the Sisters of Charity of New York in the Alder Manor, former home of copper magnate William Boyce Thompson. The mansion was purchased by Archdiocese of New York in 1951, and served as a girls' high school for ten years before being upgraded","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"9573721","text":"Johnson and fellow colonial-era Rev. Timothy Cutler) and his son-n-law Bishop John Henry Hobart on September 17 and grandson Bishop William Hobart Hare on May 17. Although this parish would gain a reputation for ecumenical tolerance, Rev. Chandler forbad famed revival preacher George Whitefield from preaching in his pulpit during the winter of 1763-64, and also refused to marry the parents of Elizabeth Ann Seton, who would become the first American-born Roman Catholic saint. Nonetheless, for nearly 150 years both Anglicans/Episcopalians and Roman Catholics worshiped together at St. John's until the first Roman Catholic Church was established in Elizabeth in","title":"St. John's Episcopal Church (Elizabeth, New Jersey)"},{"psg_id":"9491351","text":"The wavy bars suggest the Ohio River and the Motherhouse of the Sisters of Charity at Mount St. Joseph-on-the-Ohio. The three crescents are derived from the Seton Family Coat of Arms. In 1794, Elizabeth Ann Bayley married William M. Seton. They had five children. William died while he and Elizabeth were on a business trip in Italy, and there Elizabeth became acquainted with the Catholic faith. In 1808, she founded the Sisters of Charity in America and is often credited with founding the Catholic School System. Before her death in 1821, she sent four of her sisters to Cincinnati. They","title":"Seton High School (Cincinnati, Ohio)"},{"psg_id":"2072188","text":"Hospital in 1980 on the site of the former Marine Hospital Service hospital in Stapleton, Staten Island, NY Most of the property is now the Bayley Seton campus of Richmond University Medical Center, while a portion is used by New York Foundling, a Catholic social services organization. Mother Seton School in Emmitsburg, Maryland, is a direct descendant of the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School. It is located less than a mile from the site of the original school and is sponsored by the Daughters of Charity. Mother Seton School is a private elementary school located in Emmitsburg and enrolls","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"12129457","text":"the National Fire Data Center, and the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial. The Seton Shrine includes the Basilica of the National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton and St. Joseph's Provincial House of the U.S. province of the Daughters of Charity. Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine are two closely related campuses in Emmitsburg, Maryland. The campus is the original site of Saint Joseph's Academy, a Catholic school for girls from 1809 until 1973. The Saint Joseph College campus includes a variety of significant buildings including the Second Empire Burlando Building. In June","title":"Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine"},{"psg_id":"19296723","text":"laboratory training. Also introduced during her presidency was the LINK, or Leap Into Knowledge program, which gave high school students the opportunity to receive college credits. She also began a policy of awarding credit based on life learning, and during her tenure, Seton was one of the first three colleges to offer a weekend classes program. In 1986, Elizabeth Seton College celebrated its 25th anniversary. Part of the ceremonies included a two-part dinner lecture and tour in the Alder Manor, hosted by Sister Brosnan. In early December 1988, it was announced that Elizabeth Seton College would merge with Iona College","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"8768634","text":"opened in Blairsville, Johnstown, and the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of East Liberty, Sharpsburg, Lawrenceville, and South Side. In the summer of 1882, recognizing the need for a larger motherhouse, Mother Aloysia for her growing Congregation and purchased the Jennings Farm in Greensburg where Seton Hill University's main hilltop campus now stands. She named the site, which consisted primarily of farmland, Seton Hill, in honor of Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, the founder of the Sisters of Charity and the first American-born saint. The property had fallen into neglect over the years but a few usable buildings remained, including the Stokes mansion. Named","title":"Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill"},{"psg_id":"19296729","text":"Seton was much more financially healthy than Ladycliff College and Harriman College, both small, Catholic women's colleges that Iona had previously considered merging with. Elizabeth Seton College officially merged with Iona College for the fall semester of 1989, making the new two two-campus institution the second largest college or university in Westchester County, close behind Pace University, and ahead of Mercy College and the State University of New York at Purchase. Sister Brosnan insisted during the negotiation process that \"if this consolidation goes through, the name of Elizabeth Seton will be preserved in whatever this place is going to be","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"2072183","text":"school to meet the educational needs of the new nation's small Catholic community. After living through many difficulties in life, in 1809 Seton accepted the invitation of the Sulpicians and moved to Emmitsburg, Maryland. A year later she established the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School, a school dedicated to the education of Catholic girls. This was possible due to the financial support of Samuel Sutherland Cooper, a wealthy convert and seminarian at the newly established Mount Saint Mary's University, begun by John Dubois, S.S., and the Sulpicians. On July 31, Seton established a religious community in Emmitsburg dedicated to","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072179","text":"sea led William Seton into bankruptcy, and the Setons lost their home at 61 Stone Street in lower Manhattan. The following summer she and the children stayed with her father, who was still health officer for the Port of New York on Staten Island. From 1801 to 1803 they lived in a house at 8 State Street, on the site of the present Church of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary (built in 1964). Through most of their married life, William Seton suffered from tuberculosis. The stress worsened his illness; his doctors sent him to Italy for the warmer","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"2072178","text":"of 1812. The couple took in William's six younger siblings, ages seven to seventeen, in addition to their own five children: Anna Maria (Annina) (1795–1812), William II (1796–1868), Richard Seton (1798–1823), Catherine (1800–1891) (who was to become the first American to join the Sisters of Mercy) and Rebecca Mary (1802–1816). This necessitated a move to the larger Seton family residence. A dispute between the United States of America and the French Republic from 1798 to 1800 led to a series of attacks on American shipping. The United Kingdom's blockade of France and the loss of several of his ships at","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"8768632","text":"Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill The Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill were founded by Sister Aloysia Lowe. She was accompanied by Sisters Blanche O'Keefe, Maria Theresa O'Donnell, Maria Kavanaugh and two novices. In 1809, Elizabeth Ann Seton established a religious order of women in Emmitsburg, Maryland, based on the rule drawn up by Vincent de Paul for Louise de Marillac's Daughters of Charity. The community expanded as it received requests from bishops in New York, St. Louis, Missouri; Cincinnati, Ohio and elsewhere to send sisters to staff schools, orphanages, and hospitals. When the Emmitsburg community decided to affiliate","title":"Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill"},{"psg_id":"17361542","text":"later had her body sent back to England for burial in the Highgate Cemetery, where they had a family vault. Her premature death cut short a life devoted to radical causes. Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau Elizabeth \"Eliza\" Ann Ashurst Bardonneau (8 July 1813 – 25 November 1850) was a member of an important family of radical activists in mid-nineteenth-century England and the first translator of George Sand's work into English. The family supported causes ranging from women's suffrage to Italian unification. On 8 July 1813, Elizabeth Ashurst was born to Elizabeth Ann Brown and William Ashurst. She was the oldest","title":"Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau"},{"psg_id":"19296737","text":"split between the Manhattan and Yonkers campuses. The other 400 were day students at the Yonkers campus, 150 of whom lived on campus. Another 65 students from Mercy College resided on campus due to the college's lack of residence facilities. Elizabeth Seton College was accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools on 2 December 1965. The main building and focal point of Elizabeth Seton College's 21-acre campus was Alder Manor, alternatively known as the W. B. Thompson Mansion. It housed administration offices, and many of the ornate and art-filled first floor parlors were used as conference rooms.","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"16283910","text":"Attitud\" is a two-part musical documentary. Through the creative organization of segments, the show was designed to be interactive. Each song and production numbers is stringed by poetry readings, voice overs, video segments, live feeds and interviews. On 30 January 2016, the school celebrated its 40th anniversary at Solaire Resort & Casino theatre on a three-hour two-part musical documentary show performed by selected students from both campuses. Elizabeth Seton School The Elizabeth Seton School is a private school in BF Resort, Las Piňas City and in Anabu 2-D, Imus City, Cavite, The Philippines. In 1975, Josefina V. Suarez, an educator,","title":"Elizabeth Seton School"},{"psg_id":"16304429","text":"a \"sunshine hospital\" meaning that every room had a windowed view into the exterior world where natural sunlight could make it to them. In 1983 it was renamed in honor of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, the American founder of the Sisters of Charity. From 1995 to 2002 the hospital was managed by Catholic Healthcare West, a change opposed by nurses' unions. In 2011, Seton Medical Center was ranked fifth of forty-four Bay Area hospitals by \"U.S. News and World Report\". In 2012 the hospital was fined $100,000 for causing the death of an elderly woman in a vegetative state when","title":"Seton Medical Center"},{"psg_id":"1812284","text":"team won the National Club Football Championship, 96 teams nationwide competed in the National Club Football Championship. The next year, 1973, it became a Varsity sport until the highly successful team was discontinued after the 1981 season. During this period the team was coached by Ed Manigan. Seton Hall University Seton Hall University is a private Roman Catholic university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States. Seton Hall consists of 11 schools","title":"Seton Hall University"},{"psg_id":"12534143","text":"Manhattan, March 14, 1805. At the invitation of Rev. Louis William Dubourg, S.S., Elizabeth came to Maryland in 1808 and opened a school next to the chapel of St. Mary’s Seminary in Baltimore. Samuel Sutherland Cooper, a wealthy convert and seminarian, purchased 269 acres of land for an establishment for the sisterhood near Emmitsburg in the countryside of Frederick County, Maryland. According to tradition, Elizabeth named the area Saint Joseph's Valley. In June 1809 she established the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph. The former Fleming farmhouse, informally known as the \"Stone House\", built in 1750 near Toms' Creek, served","title":"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"19296732","text":"any association with the school.\" Former Dean of Seton College Richard L. Nicholson also raised concerns, stating, \"the precipitous nature of the action by Iona raises questions about their motives.\" When Iona College merged with Seton, it did not purchase its assets, but assumed them as liabilities, according to President Brother Driscoll, and major repairs were needed for several campus buildings as well as the electrical plant. He reported that \"due to their own financial problems, Elizabeth Seton had deferred maintenance on many of its buildings.\" By his estimation, maintenance of the Seton Campus cost Iona over $1 million a","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"12534146","text":"its original location to a spot northwest of the Chapel. In 1846 at the request of William Seton, his mother's body was removed to a mortuary chapel which had been built in the Sisters' cemetery. During the Civil War at least 270 sisters served as nurses and were called \"angels of the battlefield\" by both Union and Confederate soldiers. The Sisters also served as nurses during the Spanish–American War. The Stone House, the White House, and the cemetery have been incorporated into the grounds of the shrine, which also includes a basilica, a museum, the Mortuary Chapel where Mother Seton's","title":"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"1812251","text":"Seton Hall University Seton Hall University is a private Roman Catholic university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States. Seton Hall consists of 11 schools and colleges with an undergraduate enrollment of about 5,800 students and a graduate enrollment of about 4,400. It was ranked tied for 118th in Best National Universities by \"U.S. News & World Report\" in 2017, with the School of Law ranked tied for 63rd. The Stillman School","title":"Seton Hall University"},{"psg_id":"19296730","text":"called.\" Her statement was fulfilled, as Iona named the new satellite campus the Elizabeth Seton Campus. The merger was arranged in such a way that incoming freshmen were enrolled \"as students of Iona College\", according to Brother Driscoll's announcement, while \"students enrolled in Seton prior to consolidation could opt to receive their associate degrees either from Seton or Iona.\" For a while Iona used both campuses, due to space limitations across the county at its New Rochelle campus. However, six years after the merger, in 1995, Iona closed the campus and consolidated operations in New Rochelle. Driscoll cited financial problems,","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"9631572","text":"Mount de Sales and Mount Saint Joseph. Seton Keough High School Seton Keough High School was an all-girls college preparatory private, Roman Catholic high school in Baltimore, Maryland. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore, at 1201 Caton Avenue. It was founded in 1988 after the joining of the two schools, Archbishop Keough and Seton High School. The school closed in June 2017. Seton Keough is named in honor of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton and Francis Patrick Keough, who was the Archbishop of Baltimore from 1947 to 1961. Seton Keough builds on a tradition of Catholic education","title":"Seton Keough High School"},{"psg_id":"9631558","text":"Seton Keough High School Seton Keough High School was an all-girls college preparatory private, Roman Catholic high school in Baltimore, Maryland. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore, at 1201 Caton Avenue. It was founded in 1988 after the joining of the two schools, Archbishop Keough and Seton High School. The school closed in June 2017. Seton Keough is named in honor of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton and Francis Patrick Keough, who was the Archbishop of Baltimore from 1947 to 1961. Seton Keough builds on a tradition of Catholic education for young women in Baltimore. In 1865,","title":"Seton Keough High School"},{"psg_id":"1812253","text":"of the college, and it necessitated an institution for higher learning. Seton Hall College was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Newark Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt. Bishop Bayley named the institution after his aunt, Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton, who was later named the first American-born Catholic saint. The main campus was originally in Madison, New Jersey. Reverend Bernard J. McQuaid served as the first college president (1856–1857, 1859–1868) and directed a staff of four diocesan clergy including Reverend Alfred Young, vice-president; Reverend Daniel Fisher (the second college president, 1857–1859) and five lay instructors.","title":"Seton Hall University"},{"psg_id":"19296739","text":"not a \"campus\" in the traditional sense, as it was not owned or used permanently by the college. The 19th century building was an active Catholic girls' high school, St. Michael Academy, located on West 33rd Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues. The weekend program turned out to be financially successful, and attracted more minorities to the college enrollment. Elizabeth Seton College competed in the now-defunct Northeastern Athletic Conference (not to be confused with the recently created North Eastern Athletic Conference). They competed mostly against other women's colleges in the early years. The following is an incomplete list of men's","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"8982645","text":"Here’s to our own dear SCC,<br> Steadfast and true she stands.<br> Here’s to our faithful green and white,<br> Leading loyal SAINTS to glory.<br> Proudly we raise her banner high,<br> Bravely defend her name.<br> Praise to our Alma Mater<br> To our own dear S C C H S. The Seton Catholic Central High School Prayer of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton was written using excerpts and quotations from Mother Seton's writings, it reads as follows: Lord God, You have given each of us<br> a great deal to do in this world.<br> We believe that You, God, have come to find us<br> wherever","title":"Seton Catholic Central High School"},{"psg_id":"20610833","text":"Ann Elizabeth Wee Ann Elizabeth Wee (born 1926) is a British-born Singaporean academic and social worker, who has been called the founding mother of social work in Singapore. She is known for pioneering professional social work in Singapore and as the longest-serving head of the Department of Social Work in the National University of Singapore. She was the inaugural recipient of the lifetime volunteer achievement award of the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports in 2009, was honored with the Meritorious Service Medal in 2010 and was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame in 2014. Ann Elizabeth","title":"Ann Elizabeth Wee"},{"psg_id":"2511138","text":"she was the second oldest member of the LDS church. A residence hall at Brigham Young University was named after her in 1957. Elizabeth Ann Whitney Elizabeth Ann Smith Whitney (December 26, 1800 – February 15, 1882) was an early Latter Day Saint leader, and wife to Newel K. Whitney, another early Latter Day Saint leader. She went by her middle name, Ann. Elizabeth Ann Smith was born in Derby, Connecticut to Gibson Smith and Polly Bradley. She was the couple's oldest child. Her parents weren't members of any church, although they were Christian. As a child, she was taught","title":"Elizabeth Ann Whitney"},{"psg_id":"2511130","text":"Elizabeth Ann Whitney Elizabeth Ann Smith Whitney (December 26, 1800 – February 15, 1882) was an early Latter Day Saint leader, and wife to Newel K. Whitney, another early Latter Day Saint leader. She went by her middle name, Ann. Elizabeth Ann Smith was born in Derby, Connecticut to Gibson Smith and Polly Bradley. She was the couple's oldest child. Her parents weren't members of any church, although they were Christian. As a child, she was taught dancing.<ref name=\"woman's exponent 8/15\"></ref> She left her parents at about age 18 and moved to Kirtland, Ohio with her aunt Sarah Smith, who","title":"Elizabeth Ann Whitney"},{"psg_id":"17809785","text":"with his long time friend Nicholas Morton (died after 1586). Seton wrote: John Seton (priest) John Seton D.D. (c. 1498 - July 20, 1567) was an English Roman Catholic priest, known as the author of a standard logic text. Born in or about 1498, Seton was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1528. Soon afterwards he was elected a fellow of St. John's, and graduated M.A. in 1532, B.D. in 1541. Seton taught philosophy in his college, and gained a reputation as a tutor. He belonged to the \"conservative humanist\" group associated to St John's,","title":"John Seton (priest)"},{"psg_id":"2072172","text":"earliest European settlers in the New York area. Her father's parents were French Huguenots and lived in New Rochelle, New York. As Chief Health Officer for the Port of New York, Dr. Bayley attended to immigrants disembarking from ships onto Staten Island, and cared for New Yorkers when yellow fever swept through the city (for example, killing 700 in four months). Dr. Bayley later served as the first professor of anatomy at Columbia College. Elizabeth's mother was the daughter of a Church of England priest who was rector of St. Andrew's Church on Staten Island for 30 years. Elizabeth was","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"20510933","text":"Ann Elizabeth Isham Ann Elizabeth Isham (January 25, 1862 – April 15, 1912) was a passenger aboard the \"RMS Titanic\". She was one of five female first-class passengers (four women and one child) to die when the ship sank. An undocumented legend states she probably died because she did not want to leave behind her Great Dane; a woman was reportedly sighted in the water with her arms frozen around a dog. Ann Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" Isham was born on January 25, 1862, in Chicago, Illinois, the first child and eldest daughter of Edward Swift Isham, an American lawyer and politician","title":"Ann Elizabeth Isham"},{"psg_id":"17809781","text":"John Seton (priest) John Seton D.D. (c. 1498 - July 20, 1567) was an English Roman Catholic priest, known as the author of a standard logic text. Born in or about 1498, Seton was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1528. Soon afterwards he was elected a fellow of St. John's, and graduated M.A. in 1532, B.D. in 1541. Seton taught philosophy in his college, and gained a reputation as a tutor. He belonged to the \"conservative humanist\" group associated to St John's, a college sharply divided by the Protestant Reformation, with others of similar","title":"John Seton (priest)"},{"psg_id":"19296733","text":"year for four years. Driscoll announced that Iona's board of trustees was hiring an appraiser and broker for the campus, which was to close after the second semester of 1993. Students were allowed to transfer to Iona's main campus in New Rochelle and would receive reduced tuition. The college also provided application fees to students planning to attend a different college. While the students' futures were cared for in light of the impending closure of the Seton Campus, yet another controversy arose. The Sisters of Charity who founded Elizabeth Seton College still lived on the property, in the top floor","title":"Elizabeth Seton College"},{"psg_id":"12129454","text":"Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine are two closely related campuses in Emmitsburg, Maryland. The campus is the original site of Saint Joseph's Academy, a Catholic school for girls from 1809 until 1973. The Saint Joseph College campus includes a variety of significant buildings including the Second Empire Burlando Building. In June 1809, Elizabeth Ann Seton (later canonized as the first native born U.S. saint) arrived in Emmitsburg, Maryland and established Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School, the first free parochial school for girls in the United States. This school laid the","title":"Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine"},{"psg_id":"5827432","text":"Elizabeth Ann Scarborough Elizabeth Ann Scarborough (born March 23, 1947) is an American writer of science fiction and fantasy and Registered Nurse who lives in Port Townsend, Washington. She has published over 40 novels, as well as collaborating with Anne McCaffrey on multiple series. Elizabeth Ann Scarborough grew up in Kansas City, Kansas. She was earned a RN from Bethany Hospital School of Nursing in 1968. She was a practicing nurse for well over a decade, including 5 years as an RN in the US Army, one year of which she served in Vietnam during the eponymous war. Her writing","title":"Elizabeth Ann Scarborough"},{"psg_id":"2072181","text":"then the city's only Catholic church. (Anti-Catholic laws had been lifted just a few years before.) A year later, she received the sacrament of Confirmation from the Bishop of Baltimore, the Right Reverend John Carroll, the only Catholic bishop in the nation. In order to support herself and her children, Seton had started an academy for young ladies, as was common for widows of social standing in that period. After news of her conversion to Catholicism spread, however, most parents withdrew their daughters from her tutelage. In 1807, students attending a local Protestant Academy were boarded at her house on","title":"Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"17361535","text":"Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau Elizabeth \"Eliza\" Ann Ashurst Bardonneau (8 July 1813 – 25 November 1850) was a member of an important family of radical activists in mid-nineteenth-century England and the first translator of George Sand's work into English. The family supported causes ranging from women's suffrage to Italian unification. On 8 July 1813, Elizabeth Ashurst was born to Elizabeth Ann Brown and William Ashurst. She was the oldest child. Her siblings were William Henry Ashurst Jr., Caroline Ashurst (Stansfeld), Emilie Ashurst (Venturi) and Matilda Ashurst (Biggs). She grew up in the Ashurst home in Muswell Hill, London. Ashurst and","title":"Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau"},{"psg_id":"18028004","text":"Ann Hunt and Elizabeth Hamel Ann Hunt and Elizabeth Hamel (born 28 February 1936) are twin sisters who were reunited after almost 78 years apart. The period of separation is a Guinness World Record for twins. Both women were born in Aldershot, England, in 1936. Their mother could not afford to keep both of them since she was a domestic servant. Elizabeth was kept because she had curvature of the spine and her mother thought that it would be difficult for her to be adopted. Ann was adopted and raised as an only child. As an adult, Elizabeth met an","title":"Ann Hunt and Elizabeth Hamel"},{"psg_id":"8298494","text":"Edward Balliol. His daughter, Margaret (who married Alan de Wyntoun, a paternal cadet of the Seton family), therefore succeeded to the estates and it was her son who took the Seton surname and was created the first Lord Seton. William Seton, 1st Lord Seton attended the coronation of Robert II of Scotland. One of Lord Seton's sons married Elizabeth of Gordon and became ancestor to the Earls and Marquesses of Huntly, chiefs of Clan Gordon. (Alexander Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly was born Alexander Seton but used his mother's surname). George Seton, 5th Lord Seton was a favourite of James","title":"Clan Seton"},{"psg_id":"8843000","text":"Robert Seton Robert Seton (28 August 1839 – 1927) was a descendant of the New York \"aristocratic\" Seton and Bayley families, Seton was also a monsignor in the Roman Catholic Church and titular archbishop of Heliopolis. He was born in Pisa, Italy, and educated in Mount St. Mary's College of Emmitsburg, Maryland, and in the Academia Ecclesiastica, Rome, where he was graduated with the degree of D.D. In 1866 he was raised to the rank of private chamberlain to Pope Pius IX. He was the first person from the United States that was honored with the Roman Prelatura, and was","title":"Robert Seton"},{"psg_id":"12534147","text":"remains were once entombed, and a visitors center. The shrine is part of the Archdiocese of Baltimore and is a pilgrimage destination for many Roman Catholics. The shrine’s basilica was dedicated in 1965. The interior contains many works of art created by craftsmen and artisans in Italy and Germany. Mother Seton was canonized in 1975 and her remains were moved from the \"God’s Little Acre\" cemetery to the basilica. In 1991, the shrine’s chapel was designated as a Minor Basilica by Pope John Paul II. The formal designatation ceremony took place on August 4, 1991, under the guidance of Archbishop","title":"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"12534145","text":"House\"). There she established the first free Catholic school for girls in the United States, which the beginning of the Catholic parochial school system in the United States. After her death in early January 1821, Mother Seton was buried at a cemetery in Emmitsburg that she once dubbed \"God's Little Acre.\" Saint Joseph's Chapel was consecrated on May 6, 1841. King Louis-Phillippe and Queen Marie-Amelie of France donated three paintings for the new chapel, one of them the \"Assumption\" after the original by Murillo. Because of the extension of the cloister towards the Chapel, the \"White House\" was moved from","title":"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton"},{"psg_id":"20610841","text":"in her honor by the National University of Singapore to recognize excellence in social work. Ann Elizabeth Wee Ann Elizabeth Wee (born 1926) is a British-born Singaporean academic and social worker, who has been called the founding mother of social work in Singapore. She is known for pioneering professional social work in Singapore and as the longest-serving head of the Department of Social Work in the National University of Singapore. She was the inaugural recipient of the lifetime volunteer achievement award of the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports in 2009, was honored with the Meritorious Service Medal in","title":"Ann Elizabeth Wee"},{"psg_id":"18764892","text":"her nomination was confirmed by voice vote. She took office on October 12, 2018. Elizabeth Ann Copeland Elizabeth Ann Copeland (born June 1, 1964) is a Judge of the United States Tax Court. Copeland was born on June 1, 1964, in Colorado Springs, Colorado. She received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree, \"cum laude\", in 1986 from the University of Texas at Austin. Prior to attending law school, she worked at Ernst & Whinney (now Ernst & Young), from 1986 to 1989. Copeland received a Juris Doctor in 1992 from the University of Texas School of Law. While attending law","title":"Elizabeth Ann Copeland"},{"psg_id":"15196508","text":"Xavier Cabrini, Elizabeth Ann Seton and John Neumann and Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha. Special Masses, confirmation retreats and other events take place there. Pastors who served St. Christopher's in Red Hook and the parish from which it developed, Sacred Heart in Barrytown, are: Monsignor Coen, who was born in County Galway, Ireland, is a three-time All Ireland concertina champion and performs regularly with traditional Irish musicians. In November 2014, the Archdiocese of New York announced that St. Sylvia's Church in Tivoli, New York would merge with St. Christopher's. Although remaining a church which may be used on special occasions, Masses and","title":"Parish of St. Christopher and St. Sylvia (Red Hook, New York)"},{"psg_id":"9015521","text":"Elizabeth Ann Nalley Elizabeth Ann Nalley (also known as Ann Nalley) is an American chemist and professor of chemistry at Cameron University in Lawton, Oklahoma. Nalley was born in July, 1942 at Catron, Missouri. She received a B.S. in chemical education from Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma in 1965, an M.S. in analytical chemistry from Oklahoma State University in 1969, and a Ph.D. in radiation chemistry from Texas Woman's University in 1975. Her career as a chemistry instructor began before she finished her undergraduate education, with a stint as a chemistry teacher at Muskogee Central High School from 1964","title":"Elizabeth Ann Nalley"},{"psg_id":"18764888","text":"Elizabeth Ann Copeland Elizabeth Ann Copeland (born June 1, 1964) is a Judge of the United States Tax Court. Copeland was born on June 1, 1964, in Colorado Springs, Colorado. She received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree, \"cum laude\", in 1986 from the University of Texas at Austin. Prior to attending law school, she worked at Ernst & Whinney (now Ernst & Young), from 1986 to 1989. Copeland received a Juris Doctor in 1992 from the University of Texas School of Law. While attending law school, she served as a law clerk to Justice Eugene Cook of the Supreme","title":"Elizabeth Ann Copeland"},{"psg_id":"15194580","text":"lived next door at 8 State Street after the bankruptcy of William Seton's business forced them to give up the Seton family home at 61 Stone Street. They stayed here from 1801 to 1803 before sailing to Italy for William's health. In 1840 the site held the offices of a number of transportation companies, such as the New York and Hammondsport Lake Line Boats, the New York and Ithaca Line, and the New York and Seneca Falls Line Lake Boats. It also served as the \"Eight South Street Hotel\". The Georgian Revival / Colonial Revival brick church was built in","title":"Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton"},{"psg_id":"11265510","text":"World War assured a large military and veteran population for the hospital. In 1980, President Ronald Reagan announced plans to close or sell all such hospitals, and despite local protest, Staten Island Public Health Service Hospital was sold to the Sisters of Charity of New York, a Catholic medical and social services system. The Sisters of Charity renamed the hospital Bayley Seton, after New York's Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton and her father Richard Bayley, a surgeon and founder of the New York Dispensary and head of the Quarantine Station in Tompkinsville. The renamed hospital expanded its campus buildings to include","title":"Bayley Seton Hospital"},{"psg_id":"8843001","text":"the dean of all the monsignori in the United States. He was made prothonotary apostolic in 1867, and rector of St. Joseph's Church, Jersey City, in 1876. He was a priest of the then-Diocese of Newark, New Jersey. He wrote \"Memoirs, Letters, and Journal of Elizabeth Seton\" (2 vols., New York, 1869) and \"Essays on Various Subjects, chiefly Roman\" (1882). He privately published \"An Old Family, the Setons of Scotland and America\" (1899) which is a well researched genealogy of the Seton family. He was also a frequent contributor to Roman Catholic periodicals. See the \"Robert Seton Family Papers,\" University","title":"Robert Seton"},{"psg_id":"13040328","text":"is located adjacent to the St. Mary's Seminary Chapel. In 1972, Mother Seton House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This home on North Paca Street is most well known for its first owner, Mother Seton. She would arrive to the home in Baltimore on June 16, 1808, and stay until June 21, 1809. During her brief year in Baltimore, Seton would pay rent totaling at $250.00. Upon her arrival to the home, Elizabeth Seton was more than pleased with the house. In fact, she penned a letter to a friend, Julia Scott, describing it as a","title":"Mother Seton House"},{"psg_id":"10270230","text":"Seton Academy (South Holland, Illinois) Seton Academy is a Catholic coeducational college-preparatory high school. Seton Academy, a Catholic College Preparatory High School located in South Holland, Illinois, was founded in 1963 by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Joseph, a religious order in Cincinnati, Ohio. Originally known as Elizabeth Seton High School, named in honor of Elizabeth Bayley Seton, the first native born American saint and foundress of the Sisters of Charity, the school continues to uphold its four founding cornerstones of Faith, Leadership, Scholarship and Community. On January 5th, 2016, the Archdiocese of Chicago announced that Seton Academy would","title":"Seton Academy (South Holland, Illinois)"},{"psg_id":"15298985","text":"Ann Elizabeth Carson Ann Elizabeth Carson, (born 19 March 1929) is a poet, author, artist, sculptor, feminist, and psychotherapist. Carson's love of words and writing began in elementary school. She published sporadically in high school, during her undergraduate years at Trinity College, University of Toronto, and while raising four children. Ann now writes, paints, and sculpts in Toronto and Manitoulin Island. She especially enjoys reading from her work at multi-media events with other poets, writers, and artists, and with dancers and musicians. Carson also leads workshops in how the arts create a new perspective in the ways we see ourselves","title":"Ann Elizabeth Carson"},{"psg_id":"15457280","text":"George Seton, 7th Lord Seton George Seton V, 7th Lord Seton (1531–1586) was a Lord of the Parliament of Scotland, Master of the Household of Mary, Queen of Scots and Provost of Edinburgh. He was the eldest son of George Seton, 6th Lord Seton and Elizabeth Hay, a daughter of John Hay, 3rd Lord Hay of Yester. His childhood and schooling were in France. George Seton was Provost of Edinburgh in 1557, and from time to time would send his carpenter, Robert Fendour, to the Burgh Council as his representative. In February 1558, George Seton was one of eight commissioners","title":"George Seton, 7th Lord Seton"},{"psg_id":"7761597","text":"Elizabeth Ann Roberts Elizabeth Ann Roberts (born August 4, 1941) is an American model. She was \"Playboy\" magazine's Playmate of the Month for the January 1958 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Arthur James and Mike Shea. Elizabeth's pictorial was a significant one in the history of \"Playboy\" because she was only 16 at the time her photos were taken. She had arrived at the Playboy studio with her mother, who provided a written statement that she was 18. After it came out that Roberts was underage, Hefner was brought before a domestic relations court on a charge of contributing","title":"Elizabeth Ann Roberts"},{"psg_id":"6140028","text":"Elizabeth Ann Blaesing Elizabeth Ann Britton Harding Blaesing (October 22, 1919 – November 17, 2005) was the daughter of Warren G. Harding, the 29th President of the United States, and his mistress, Nan Britton. Harding and Britton, who each lived in Marion, Ohio, began their affair when he was a U.S. senator and it continued until his sudden death during his presidency. Nan Britton, who made her claim public with the publication of her book, \"The President's Daughter\" (Elizabeth Ann Guild, 1927), could never produce primary source evidence to prove that Harding acknowledged his paternity of the child. Elizabeth Ann","title":"Elizabeth Ann Blaesing"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14082400\",\n \"text\": \"had 119, with Freshmen, Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors attending. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School (or Seton Catholic College Preparatory School) is a Catholic high school within the Archdiocese of Seattle in Vancouver, Washington. The school is named after Elizabeth Ann Seton, the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Seton opened in with 30 Ninth graders and 11 tenth graders. It is the first Catholic high school in southwest Washington in 43 years. In Seton's second year, they had 84 students in three\",\n \"title\": \"St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14082399\",\n \"text\": \"St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School (or Seton Catholic College Preparatory School) is a Catholic high school within the Archdiocese of Seattle in Vancouver, Washington. The school is named after Elizabeth Ann Seton, the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. Seton opened in with 30 Ninth graders and 11 tenth graders. It is the first Catholic high school in southwest Washington in 43 years. In Seton's second year, they had 84 students in three classes, Freshmen, Sophomore, and Junior. The third year, they\",\n \"title\": \"St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072193\",\n \"text\": \"ceremony in St. Peter's Square. In his words, \\\"Elizabeth Ann Seton is a saint. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton is an American. All of us say this with special joy, and with the intention of honoring the land and the nation from which she sprang forth as the first flower in the calendar of the saints. Elizabeth Ann Seton was wholly American! Rejoice for your glorious daughter. Be proud of her. And know how to preserve her fruitful heritage.\\\" Seton's feast day is January 4, the eleventh day of Christmastide and the anniversary of her death. Seton is the patron saint\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072189\",\n \"text\": \"306 students from pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. Mother Seton School is the 84th-largest private school in Maryland and the 3,381st-largest nationally. It has 15.0 students to every teacher. In the Philippines, the Elizabeth Seton School in BF Resort Village, Las Piñas City was established in 1975, the year of Seton's canonization. It is the largest Catholic school in the city in terms of population. Seton Home Study School, a Roman Catholic homeschooling program based in Front Royal, Virginia, received its name from St. Elizabeth Ann Seton. Elizabeth Ann Seton College, located in Yonkers, New York was a college opened to\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072190\",\n \"text\": \"assist young struggling women and men in need of furthering their education, offering Associate of Science or Associate of Occupational Science degrees. Seton Hall College (now known as Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey) was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, of the then-Diocese of Newark. Bishop Bayley was a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt and a nephew of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, for whom he named the institution. The Seton Hill Schools (now part of Seton Hill University), named for St. Elizabeth, were founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1885. The university\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072191\",\n \"text\": \"continues to operate in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill. Niagara University in Lewiston, New York, near Niagara Falls, also has a dormitory building named after her, called Seton Hall. Elizabeth Seton High School, a Roman Catholic all-girls high school in Bladensburg, Maryland, sponsored by the Daughters of Charity, and Seton School in Manassas, Virginia, are also named for Mother Seton. A number of Roman Catholic churches are named for Mother Seton. These include St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic Parish in Crofton, Maryland, established in 1975 in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, the same\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12534148\",\n \"text\": \"Agostino Cacciavilan, the Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States. The shrine hosts an annual event in celebration of Mother Seton, honoring all girls and women named \\\"Elizabeth\\\" and \\\"Elizabeth Ann.\\\" Those bearing that name take part in a special procession during Mass where they enter the basilica together carrying a banner, and two women in the procession are chosen to venerate Mother Seton by carrying flower vases to the saint's tomb. Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton is Patroness for the Sea Services due to her deep concern for her sons, William and Richard, both of whom served in the U.S. Navy,\",\n \"title\": \"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13071311\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Seton Catholic School in Collier County St. Elizabeth Seton School (Naples, Florida) St. Elizabeth Seton Catholic School (often abbreviated to SES) is a co-educational parish private, Roman Catholic elementary and middle school in Naples, Florida. It is located in the Diocese of Venice in Florida. The school is named after Saint Elizabeth Ann Bailey Seton, the founder of Catholic schools in the United States. The school serves students in Grades PK (age 3) through Grade 8. There is currently one of each grade level with a total enrollment of 256 students. The student to teacher ratio is 13:1. The\",\n \"title\": \"St. Elizabeth Seton School (Naples, Florida)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13071310\",\n \"text\": \"St. Elizabeth Seton School (Naples, Florida) St. Elizabeth Seton Catholic School (often abbreviated to SES) is a co-educational parish private, Roman Catholic elementary and middle school in Naples, Florida. It is located in the Diocese of Venice in Florida. The school is named after Saint Elizabeth Ann Bailey Seton, the founder of Catholic schools in the United States. The school serves students in Grades PK (age 3) through Grade 8. There is currently one of each grade level with a total enrollment of 256 students. The student to teacher ratio is 13:1. The current principal is Mrs. Maria Niebuhr. St.\",\n \"title\": \"St. Elizabeth Seton School (Naples, Florida)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15194579\",\n \"text\": \"mission and raised to parish status in 1886 when Cardinal John McCloskey directed that Lower Manhattan and the Harbor Islands be separated from St. Peter’s Parish and constitute the Parish of Our Lady of the Rosary. On November 2, 2014, the Archdiocese of New York announced that the parish of Our Lady of the Rosary will merge with St. Peter's on Barclay Street, becoming one parish with two sites. Our Lady of the Rosary is an atypical parish, with no significant resident population. Masses and sacraments will continue to be celebrated at Our Lady of the Rosary. Elizabeth Ann Seton\",\n \"title\": \"Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072185\",\n \"text\": \"leading and developing the new congregation. Seton was described as a charming and cultured lady. Her connections to New York society and the accompanying social pressures to leave the new life she had created for herself did not deter her from embracing her religious vocation and charitable mission. The greatest difficulties she faced were actually internal, stemming from misunderstandings, interpersonal conflicts and the deaths of two daughters, other loved ones, and young sisters in the community. Seton died on January 4, 1821, at the age of 46. Today, her remains are entombed in the National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16145957\",\n \"text\": \"Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth Seton and of the Archdiocese of New York. Catherine Seton Catherine Josephine Seton (28 June 1800 – 3 April 1891) was the daughter of Elizabeth Ann Seton, founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph. Catherine Seton is the first American to join the Irish Sisters of Mercy. In 1800, Catherine was born on the Island of Manhattan, but she grew up in Emmitsburg, MD where Elizabeth Seton founded her order of the Sisters of Charity. Her two siblings Rebecca Marie (1802-1816) and Anna Maria (1795-1812) died young. She was second generation American,\",\n \"title\": \"Catherine Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16145954\",\n \"text\": \"Catherine Seton Catherine Josephine Seton (28 June 1800 – 3 April 1891) was the daughter of Elizabeth Ann Seton, founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph. Catherine Seton is the first American to join the Irish Sisters of Mercy. In 1800, Catherine was born on the Island of Manhattan, but she grew up in Emmitsburg, MD where Elizabeth Seton founded her order of the Sisters of Charity. Her two siblings Rebecca Marie (1802-1816) and Anna Maria (1795-1812) died young. She was second generation American, and until Elizabeth's conversion from Episcopalian unto Catholicism was taught Episcopal Christianity. After her\",\n \"title\": \"Catherine Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10204753\",\n \"text\": \"of 10 private schools of distinction by \\\"The Washington Post\\\" in 2005. An all-girls school, Elizabeth Seton was founded in 1959. It covers grades 9-12, and has about 650 students. The school was named in honor of American Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton. School colors are scarlet, gold, and white. The mascot is a roadrunner. The school motto is \\\"Light to know, grace to do.\\\" Elizabeth Seton High School Elizabeth Seton High School is a private, all-girls Roman Catholic high school in Bladensburg, Maryland, United States. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington. Elizabeth Seton High School was\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072175\",\n \"text\": \"her reading showing her introspection and natural bent toward contemplation. Elizabeth was fluent in French, a fine musician, and an accomplished horsewoman. On January 25, 1794, at age 19, Elizabeth married William Magee Seton, aged 25, a wealthy businessman in the import trade. Samuel Provoost, the first Episcopal bishop of New York, presided at their wedding. Her husband's father, William Seton (1746–1798), belonged to an impoverished noble Scottish family, and had emigrated to New York in 1758, and became superintendent and part owner of the iron-works of Ringwood, New Jersey. A loyalist, the senior William Seton was the last royal\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072180\",\n \"text\": \"climate, with Elizabeth and their eldest daughter as his companions. Upon landing at the port of Leghorn, they were held in quarantine for a month, for authorities feared they might have brought yellow fever from New York. William died on December 27, 1803, and was buried in Italy's Old English Cemetery. Elizabeth and Anna Maria were received by the families of her late husband's Italian business partners, who introduced her to Roman Catholicism. Returning to New York, the widow Seton was received into the Catholic Church on March 14, 1805, by the Reverend Matthew O'Brien, pastor of St. Peter's Church,\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072177\",\n \"text\": \"Church, near Broadway and Wall Streets. A devout communicant, Elizabeth took the Rev. John Henry Hobart (later bishop) as her spiritual director. Along with her sister-in-law Rebecca Mary Seton (1780–1804) (her soul-friend and dearest confidante), Elizabeth continued her former stepmother's social ministry—nursing the sick and dying among family, friends, and needy neighbors. Influenced by her father she became a charter member of The Society for the Relief of Poor Widows with Small Children (1797) and also served as the organization's treasurer. When the elder William Seton died, the Seton family fortunes waned during the volatile economic climate preceding the War\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16283903\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Seton School The Elizabeth Seton School is a private school in BF Resort, Las Piňas City and in Anabu 2-D, Imus City, Cavite, The Philippines. In 1975, Josefina V. Suarez, an educator, and her brother-in-law Francisco B. Alido, Sr., a businessman, collaborated to establish a preschool in Bacoor, Cavite. They named the school after Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton, an American saint who established a religious community of teaching sisters and laid the foundation of the Catholic parochial system in America. The school started with two classes in school year 1975-1976 with 14 pupils in the morning and 20 pupils\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1777166\",\n \"text\": \"Seton Hill University Seton Hill University is a Catholic liberal arts university in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. Formerly a women's college, it became a coeducational university in 2002 and enrolls about 2,200 students. The school was founded in 1885 by the Sisters of Charity. It is named for Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774–1821), who founded the Sisters of Charity and who, after her death, was canonized as the United States' first native-born saint. (Seton Hall University and the College of Saint Elizabeth in New Jersey are also named after Elizabeth Ann Seton.) In 1914, Seton Hill Junior college was opened by the Sisters\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Hill University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072176\",\n \"text\": \"public notary for the city and province of New York. He brought his sons William (Elizabeth's husband) and James into the import-export mercantile firm, the William Seton Company, which became Seton, Maitland and Company in 1793. The younger William had visited important counting houses in Europe in 1788, was a friend of Filippo Filicchi (a renowned merchant in Leghorn, Italy, with whom his firm traded), and brought the first Stradivarius violin to America. Shortly after they married, Elizabeth and William moved into a fashionable residence on Wall Street. Socially prominent in New York society, the Setons belonged to Trinity Episcopal\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072186\",\n \"text\": \"Seton in Emmitsburg, Maryland. By 1830, the Sisters were running orphanages and schools as far west as Cincinnati and New Orleans, and had established the first hospital west of the Mississippi in St. Louis. Seton had a deep devotion to the Eucharist, Sacred Scripture and the Virgin Mary. The 23rd Psalm was her favorite prayer throughout her life. She was a woman of prayer and service who embraced the spirituality of Louise de Marillac and Vincent de Paul. It had been her original intention to join the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, but the embargo of France\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13040327\",\n \"text\": \"Mother Seton House Mother Seton House is a historic home located on the grounds of St. Mary’s Seminary at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is a -story red brick house, similar to other small homes built in the early 19th century for the predominantly French community nearby. It was built in 1808 as the home of Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774–1821), the first American-born woman beatified and canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. In the 1960s it was restored to its original appearance through the efforts of a committee, which continues to operate the home as a museum. Mother Seton House\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Seton House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12261715\",\n \"text\": \"His father was William Seton II, captain in the U. S. Navy, son of Elizabeth Ann Seton; his mother was Emily Prime. \\\"Burke's Peerage\\\" (1900) recognized him as the head of the Seton family of Parbroath, senior cadets of the earls of Winton in Scotland. He outlived by ten years his wife Sarah Redwood Parrish, a Philadelphian Catholic convert from the Society of Friends. He is buried with the Setons at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmitsburg, Maryland. William Seton William Seton III (b. in New York, 28 January 1835; d. there, 15 March 1905) was an American author, a novelist and\",\n \"title\": \"William Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12261712\",\n \"text\": \"William Seton William Seton III (b. in New York, 28 January 1835; d. there, 15 March 1905) was an American author, a novelist and popular science writer. He was a Roman Catholic from one of America's most distinguished Roman Catholic families. His paternal grandmother was Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, the first American citizen to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. He was educated at St. John's College, Fordham, at Mt. St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md., and at the University of Bonn. He traveled extensively abroad before entering a law office in New York. Soon after his admission to the bar\",\n \"title\": \"William Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8843002\",\n \"text\": \"of Notre Dame Archives. He was the fourth of William and Emily (Prime) Seton's seven children; the grandson of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, founder of the American Sisters of Charity in 1809; and cousin of Archbishop James Roosevelt Bayley, first bishop of the Archdiocese of Newark, New Jersey, and founder of Seton Hall University in 1856. Robert Seton Robert Seton (28 August 1839 – 1927) was a descendant of the New York \\\"aristocratic\\\" Seton and Bayley families, Seton was also a monsignor in the Roman Catholic Church and titular archbishop of Heliopolis. He was born in Pisa, Italy, and educated\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072184\",\n \"text\": \"the care of the children of the poor. This was the first congregation of religious sisters to be founded in the United States, and its school was the first free Catholic school in America. This modest beginning marked the start of the Catholic parochial school system in the United States. The congregation was initially called the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's. From that point on, she became known as \\\"Mother Seton\\\". In 1811, the sisters adopted the rules written by St. Vincent de Paul for the Daughters of Charity in France. The remainder of Seton's life was spent in\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072182\",\n \"text\": \"Stuyvesant Lane in the Bowery, near St. Mark's Church. Seton was about to move to Canada when she met a visiting priest, the Abbé Louis William Valentine Dubourg, SS, who was a member of the French émigré community of Sulpician Fathers and then president of St. Mary's College, Baltimore. The Sulpicians had taken refuge in the United States from the religious persecution of the Reign of Terror in France and were in the process of establishing the first Catholic seminary for the United States, in keeping with the goals of their society. For several years, Dubourg had envisioned a religious\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10204752\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Seton High School Elizabeth Seton High School is a private, all-girls Roman Catholic high school in Bladensburg, Maryland, United States. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington. Elizabeth Seton High School was established on March 15, 1957, and opened with an enrollment of 138 freshmen and a faculty of six Daughters of Charity in September 1959. As early as 1965, the Maryland State Department of Education issued a Certificate of Approval to the school and in 1968 the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools accredited Elizabeth Seton High School. Elizabeth Seton was named one\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2014709\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth and is one of the first Catholic colleges in the United States to award degrees to women. In 2015, the college's board of trustees voted to admit men into the traditional day program. It is named for Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774–1821), who founded the Sisters of Charity and who, after her death, was canonized as the United States' first native-born saint. (Seton Hall University in New Jersey and Seton Hill University in Pennsylvania are also named after Elizabeth Ann Seton.) The College of Saint Elizabeth is located on the campus of the Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth.The wooded\",\n \"title\": \"College of Saint Elizabeth\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9491348\",\n \"text\": \"Seton High School (Cincinnati, Ohio) Seton High School is a parochial all-female, college-preparatory high school in the Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Seton was founded as Mount St. Vincent Academy in 1854. It was also known as Cedar Grove. With the arrival of Elder High School's girls' department, Cedar Grove was renamed Elizabeth Ann Seton on September 12, 1927. Sponsored by the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati, Seton has always provided the highest quality spiritual, academic, and social programs in a comprehensive curriculum to young women. Since its earliest days, Seton has been fully accredited by the North\",\n \"title\": \"Seton High School (Cincinnati, Ohio)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8475084\",\n \"text\": \"competition held at Hamilton High School in March 2011. In March 2012, the robotics team was selected by the two best teams of the Arizona FIRST Regional, Team 610 and Team 842, and won the regional along with their alliance. Seton Catholic Preparatory High School Seton Catholic Preparatory High School is a college preparatory, co-educational Catholic high school in Chandler, Arizona, United States. Named after St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, the school was established in 1954 and is staffed by the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill. Seton Catholic Preparatory, then known as Seton Catholic High School, was founded by Father\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Catholic Preparatory High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8475079\",\n \"text\": \"Seton Catholic Preparatory High School Seton Catholic Preparatory High School is a college preparatory, co-educational Catholic high school in Chandler, Arizona, United States. Named after St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, the school was established in 1954 and is staffed by the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill. Seton Catholic Preparatory, then known as Seton Catholic High School, was founded by Father Joseph Patterson in 1954 in Chandler, Arizona. The school was initially founded as a parish school and began to operate under the supervision of the Diocese of Phoenix as a diocesan school beginning in 1973. In September 1980, a fire\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Catholic Preparatory High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9633949\",\n \"text\": \"the Christian Commonwealth School by Anne Carroll in 1973. In 1975, Mrs. Carroll moved the school from Warrenton to Manassas, Virginia and renamed it after St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, who was canonized the same year. In 1982, the Seton Home Study program was founded to complement the School. This program eventually separated and became its own entity, known as the Seton Home Study School. The enrollment of Seton High School passed the hundred mark in 1989. The school completed a purchase of church buildings in 1980 at the present location of the campus, allowing the school to continue its growth\",\n \"title\": \"Seton School (Manassas, Virginia)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072192\",\n \"text\": \"diocese in which she had founded Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School. , there are churches in her name in more than 40 states of the United States, plus Canada and Italy. Saint Seton has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. Seton was beatified by Pope John XXIII on March 17, 1963. The pope said on the occasion, \\\"In a house that was very small, but with ample space for charity, she sowed a seed in America which by Divine Grace grew into a large tree.\\\" Pope Paul VI canonized Seton on September 14, 1975, in a\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296740\",\n \"text\": \"and women's sports offered at the college. Elizabeth Seton College Elizabeth Seton College (ESC) was a private, Roman Catholic two-year college in Yonkers, New York. Run by the Sisters of Charity of New York, the college opened in 1961 and closed in 1989, merging with the more financially secure Iona College in New Rochelle, New York. Elizabeth Seton College was opened in 1961 by the Sisters of Charity of New York in the Alder Manor, former home of copper magnate William Boyce Thompson. The mansion was purchased by Archdiocese of New York in 1951, and served as a girls' high\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296720\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Seton College Elizabeth Seton College (ESC) was a private, Roman Catholic two-year college in Yonkers, New York. Run by the Sisters of Charity of New York, the college opened in 1961 and closed in 1989, merging with the more financially secure Iona College in New Rochelle, New York. Elizabeth Seton College was opened in 1961 by the Sisters of Charity of New York in the Alder Manor, former home of copper magnate William Boyce Thompson. The mansion was purchased by Archdiocese of New York in 1951, and served as a girls' high school for ten years before being upgraded\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9573721\",\n \"text\": \"Johnson and fellow colonial-era Rev. Timothy Cutler) and his son-n-law Bishop John Henry Hobart on September 17 and grandson Bishop William Hobart Hare on May 17. Although this parish would gain a reputation for ecumenical tolerance, Rev. Chandler forbad famed revival preacher George Whitefield from preaching in his pulpit during the winter of 1763-64, and also refused to marry the parents of Elizabeth Ann Seton, who would become the first American-born Roman Catholic saint. Nonetheless, for nearly 150 years both Anglicans/Episcopalians and Roman Catholics worshiped together at St. John's until the first Roman Catholic Church was established in Elizabeth in\",\n \"title\": \"St. John's Episcopal Church (Elizabeth, New Jersey)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9491351\",\n \"text\": \"The wavy bars suggest the Ohio River and the Motherhouse of the Sisters of Charity at Mount St. Joseph-on-the-Ohio. The three crescents are derived from the Seton Family Coat of Arms. In 1794, Elizabeth Ann Bayley married William M. Seton. They had five children. William died while he and Elizabeth were on a business trip in Italy, and there Elizabeth became acquainted with the Catholic faith. In 1808, she founded the Sisters of Charity in America and is often credited with founding the Catholic School System. Before her death in 1821, she sent four of her sisters to Cincinnati. They\",\n \"title\": \"Seton High School (Cincinnati, Ohio)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072188\",\n \"text\": \"Hospital in 1980 on the site of the former Marine Hospital Service hospital in Stapleton, Staten Island, NY Most of the property is now the Bayley Seton campus of Richmond University Medical Center, while a portion is used by New York Foundling, a Catholic social services organization. Mother Seton School in Emmitsburg, Maryland, is a direct descendant of the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School. It is located less than a mile from the site of the original school and is sponsored by the Daughters of Charity. Mother Seton School is a private elementary school located in Emmitsburg and enrolls\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12129457\",\n \"text\": \"the National Fire Data Center, and the National Fallen Firefighters Memorial. The Seton Shrine includes the Basilica of the National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton and St. Joseph's Provincial House of the U.S. province of the Daughters of Charity. Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine are two closely related campuses in Emmitsburg, Maryland. The campus is the original site of Saint Joseph's Academy, a Catholic school for girls from 1809 until 1973. The Saint Joseph College campus includes a variety of significant buildings including the Second Empire Burlando Building. In June\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296723\",\n \"text\": \"laboratory training. Also introduced during her presidency was the LINK, or Leap Into Knowledge program, which gave high school students the opportunity to receive college credits. She also began a policy of awarding credit based on life learning, and during her tenure, Seton was one of the first three colleges to offer a weekend classes program. In 1986, Elizabeth Seton College celebrated its 25th anniversary. Part of the ceremonies included a two-part dinner lecture and tour in the Alder Manor, hosted by Sister Brosnan. In early December 1988, it was announced that Elizabeth Seton College would merge with Iona College\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8768634\",\n \"text\": \"opened in Blairsville, Johnstown, and the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of East Liberty, Sharpsburg, Lawrenceville, and South Side. In the summer of 1882, recognizing the need for a larger motherhouse, Mother Aloysia for her growing Congregation and purchased the Jennings Farm in Greensburg where Seton Hill University's main hilltop campus now stands. She named the site, which consisted primarily of farmland, Seton Hill, in honor of Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, the founder of the Sisters of Charity and the first American-born saint. The property had fallen into neglect over the years but a few usable buildings remained, including the Stokes mansion. Named\",\n \"title\": \"Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296729\",\n \"text\": \"Seton was much more financially healthy than Ladycliff College and Harriman College, both small, Catholic women's colleges that Iona had previously considered merging with. Elizabeth Seton College officially merged with Iona College for the fall semester of 1989, making the new two two-campus institution the second largest college or university in Westchester County, close behind Pace University, and ahead of Mercy College and the State University of New York at Purchase. Sister Brosnan insisted during the negotiation process that \\\"if this consolidation goes through, the name of Elizabeth Seton will be preserved in whatever this place is going to be\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072183\",\n \"text\": \"school to meet the educational needs of the new nation's small Catholic community. After living through many difficulties in life, in 1809 Seton accepted the invitation of the Sulpicians and moved to Emmitsburg, Maryland. A year later she established the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School, a school dedicated to the education of Catholic girls. This was possible due to the financial support of Samuel Sutherland Cooper, a wealthy convert and seminarian at the newly established Mount Saint Mary's University, begun by John Dubois, S.S., and the Sulpicians. On July 31, Seton established a religious community in Emmitsburg dedicated to\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072179\",\n \"text\": \"sea led William Seton into bankruptcy, and the Setons lost their home at 61 Stone Street in lower Manhattan. The following summer she and the children stayed with her father, who was still health officer for the Port of New York on Staten Island. From 1801 to 1803 they lived in a house at 8 State Street, on the site of the present Church of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary (built in 1964). Through most of their married life, William Seton suffered from tuberculosis. The stress worsened his illness; his doctors sent him to Italy for the warmer\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072178\",\n \"text\": \"of 1812. The couple took in William's six younger siblings, ages seven to seventeen, in addition to their own five children: Anna Maria (Annina) (1795–1812), William II (1796–1868), Richard Seton (1798–1823), Catherine (1800–1891) (who was to become the first American to join the Sisters of Mercy) and Rebecca Mary (1802–1816). This necessitated a move to the larger Seton family residence. A dispute between the United States of America and the French Republic from 1798 to 1800 led to a series of attacks on American shipping. The United Kingdom's blockade of France and the loss of several of his ships at\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8768632\",\n \"text\": \"Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill The Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill were founded by Sister Aloysia Lowe. She was accompanied by Sisters Blanche O'Keefe, Maria Theresa O'Donnell, Maria Kavanaugh and two novices. In 1809, Elizabeth Ann Seton established a religious order of women in Emmitsburg, Maryland, based on the rule drawn up by Vincent de Paul for Louise de Marillac's Daughters of Charity. The community expanded as it received requests from bishops in New York, St. Louis, Missouri; Cincinnati, Ohio and elsewhere to send sisters to staff schools, orphanages, and hospitals. When the Emmitsburg community decided to affiliate\",\n \"title\": \"Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17361542\",\n \"text\": \"later had her body sent back to England for burial in the Highgate Cemetery, where they had a family vault. Her premature death cut short a life devoted to radical causes. Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau Elizabeth \\\"Eliza\\\" Ann Ashurst Bardonneau (8 July 1813 – 25 November 1850) was a member of an important family of radical activists in mid-nineteenth-century England and the first translator of George Sand's work into English. The family supported causes ranging from women's suffrage to Italian unification. On 8 July 1813, Elizabeth Ashurst was born to Elizabeth Ann Brown and William Ashurst. She was the oldest\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296737\",\n \"text\": \"split between the Manhattan and Yonkers campuses. The other 400 were day students at the Yonkers campus, 150 of whom lived on campus. Another 65 students from Mercy College resided on campus due to the college's lack of residence facilities. Elizabeth Seton College was accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools on 2 December 1965. The main building and focal point of Elizabeth Seton College's 21-acre campus was Alder Manor, alternatively known as the W. B. Thompson Mansion. It housed administration offices, and many of the ornate and art-filled first floor parlors were used as conference rooms.\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16283910\",\n \"text\": \"Attitud\\\" is a two-part musical documentary. Through the creative organization of segments, the show was designed to be interactive. Each song and production numbers is stringed by poetry readings, voice overs, video segments, live feeds and interviews. On 30 January 2016, the school celebrated its 40th anniversary at Solaire Resort & Casino theatre on a three-hour two-part musical documentary show performed by selected students from both campuses. Elizabeth Seton School The Elizabeth Seton School is a private school in BF Resort, Las Piňas City and in Anabu 2-D, Imus City, Cavite, The Philippines. In 1975, Josefina V. Suarez, an educator,\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16304429\",\n \"text\": \"a \\\"sunshine hospital\\\" meaning that every room had a windowed view into the exterior world where natural sunlight could make it to them. In 1983 it was renamed in honor of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, the American founder of the Sisters of Charity. From 1995 to 2002 the hospital was managed by Catholic Healthcare West, a change opposed by nurses' unions. In 2011, Seton Medical Center was ranked fifth of forty-four Bay Area hospitals by \\\"U.S. News and World Report\\\". In 2012 the hospital was fined $100,000 for causing the death of an elderly woman in a vegetative state when\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Medical Center\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1812284\",\n \"text\": \"team won the National Club Football Championship, 96 teams nationwide competed in the National Club Football Championship. The next year, 1973, it became a Varsity sport until the highly successful team was discontinued after the 1981 season. During this period the team was coached by Ed Manigan. Seton Hall University Seton Hall University is a private Roman Catholic university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States. Seton Hall consists of 11 schools\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Hall University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12534143\",\n \"text\": \"Manhattan, March 14, 1805. At the invitation of Rev. Louis William Dubourg, S.S., Elizabeth came to Maryland in 1808 and opened a school next to the chapel of St. Mary’s Seminary in Baltimore. Samuel Sutherland Cooper, a wealthy convert and seminarian, purchased 269 acres of land for an establishment for the sisterhood near Emmitsburg in the countryside of Frederick County, Maryland. According to tradition, Elizabeth named the area Saint Joseph's Valley. In June 1809 she established the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph. The former Fleming farmhouse, informally known as the \\\"Stone House\\\", built in 1750 near Toms' Creek, served\",\n \"title\": \"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296732\",\n \"text\": \"any association with the school.\\\" Former Dean of Seton College Richard L. Nicholson also raised concerns, stating, \\\"the precipitous nature of the action by Iona raises questions about their motives.\\\" When Iona College merged with Seton, it did not purchase its assets, but assumed them as liabilities, according to President Brother Driscoll, and major repairs were needed for several campus buildings as well as the electrical plant. He reported that \\\"due to their own financial problems, Elizabeth Seton had deferred maintenance on many of its buildings.\\\" By his estimation, maintenance of the Seton Campus cost Iona over $1 million a\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12534146\",\n \"text\": \"its original location to a spot northwest of the Chapel. In 1846 at the request of William Seton, his mother's body was removed to a mortuary chapel which had been built in the Sisters' cemetery. During the Civil War at least 270 sisters served as nurses and were called \\\"angels of the battlefield\\\" by both Union and Confederate soldiers. The Sisters also served as nurses during the Spanish–American War. The Stone House, the White House, and the cemetery have been incorporated into the grounds of the shrine, which also includes a basilica, a museum, the Mortuary Chapel where Mother Seton's\",\n \"title\": \"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1812251\",\n \"text\": \"Seton Hall University Seton Hall University is a private Roman Catholic university in South Orange, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1856 by then-Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton, Seton Hall is the oldest diocesan university in the United States. Seton Hall consists of 11 schools and colleges with an undergraduate enrollment of about 5,800 students and a graduate enrollment of about 4,400. It was ranked tied for 118th in Best National Universities by \\\"U.S. News & World Report\\\" in 2017, with the School of Law ranked tied for 63rd. The Stillman School\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Hall University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296730\",\n \"text\": \"called.\\\" Her statement was fulfilled, as Iona named the new satellite campus the Elizabeth Seton Campus. The merger was arranged in such a way that incoming freshmen were enrolled \\\"as students of Iona College\\\", according to Brother Driscoll's announcement, while \\\"students enrolled in Seton prior to consolidation could opt to receive their associate degrees either from Seton or Iona.\\\" For a while Iona used both campuses, due to space limitations across the county at its New Rochelle campus. However, six years after the merger, in 1995, Iona closed the campus and consolidated operations in New Rochelle. Driscoll cited financial problems,\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9631572\",\n \"text\": \"Mount de Sales and Mount Saint Joseph. Seton Keough High School Seton Keough High School was an all-girls college preparatory private, Roman Catholic high school in Baltimore, Maryland. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore, at 1201 Caton Avenue. It was founded in 1988 after the joining of the two schools, Archbishop Keough and Seton High School. The school closed in June 2017. Seton Keough is named in honor of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton and Francis Patrick Keough, who was the Archbishop of Baltimore from 1947 to 1961. Seton Keough builds on a tradition of Catholic education\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Keough High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9631558\",\n \"text\": \"Seton Keough High School Seton Keough High School was an all-girls college preparatory private, Roman Catholic high school in Baltimore, Maryland. It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore, at 1201 Caton Avenue. It was founded in 1988 after the joining of the two schools, Archbishop Keough and Seton High School. The school closed in June 2017. Seton Keough is named in honor of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton and Francis Patrick Keough, who was the Archbishop of Baltimore from 1947 to 1961. Seton Keough builds on a tradition of Catholic education for young women in Baltimore. In 1865,\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Keough High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1812253\",\n \"text\": \"of the college, and it necessitated an institution for higher learning. Seton Hall College was formally founded on September 1, 1856, by Newark Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, a cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt. Bishop Bayley named the institution after his aunt, Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton, who was later named the first American-born Catholic saint. The main campus was originally in Madison, New Jersey. Reverend Bernard J. McQuaid served as the first college president (1856–1857, 1859–1868) and directed a staff of four diocesan clergy including Reverend Alfred Young, vice-president; Reverend Daniel Fisher (the second college president, 1857–1859) and five lay instructors.\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Hall University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296739\",\n \"text\": \"not a \\\"campus\\\" in the traditional sense, as it was not owned or used permanently by the college. The 19th century building was an active Catholic girls' high school, St. Michael Academy, located on West 33rd Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues. The weekend program turned out to be financially successful, and attracted more minorities to the college enrollment. Elizabeth Seton College competed in the now-defunct Northeastern Athletic Conference (not to be confused with the recently created North Eastern Athletic Conference). They competed mostly against other women's colleges in the early years. The following is an incomplete list of men's\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8982645\",\n \"text\": \"Here’s to our own dear SCC,<br> Steadfast and true she stands.<br> Here’s to our faithful green and white,<br> Leading loyal SAINTS to glory.<br> Proudly we raise her banner high,<br> Bravely defend her name.<br> Praise to our Alma Mater<br> To our own dear S C C H S. The Seton Catholic Central High School Prayer of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton was written using excerpts and quotations from Mother Seton's writings, it reads as follows: Lord God, You have given each of us<br> a great deal to do in this world.<br> We believe that You, God, have come to find us<br> wherever\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Catholic Central High School\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20610833\",\n \"text\": \"Ann Elizabeth Wee Ann Elizabeth Wee (born 1926) is a British-born Singaporean academic and social worker, who has been called the founding mother of social work in Singapore. She is known for pioneering professional social work in Singapore and as the longest-serving head of the Department of Social Work in the National University of Singapore. She was the inaugural recipient of the lifetime volunteer achievement award of the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports in 2009, was honored with the Meritorious Service Medal in 2010 and was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame in 2014. Ann Elizabeth\",\n \"title\": \"Ann Elizabeth Wee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2511138\",\n \"text\": \"she was the second oldest member of the LDS church. A residence hall at Brigham Young University was named after her in 1957. Elizabeth Ann Whitney Elizabeth Ann Smith Whitney (December 26, 1800 – February 15, 1882) was an early Latter Day Saint leader, and wife to Newel K. Whitney, another early Latter Day Saint leader. She went by her middle name, Ann. Elizabeth Ann Smith was born in Derby, Connecticut to Gibson Smith and Polly Bradley. She was the couple's oldest child. Her parents weren't members of any church, although they were Christian. As a child, she was taught\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2511130\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Ann Whitney Elizabeth Ann Smith Whitney (December 26, 1800 – February 15, 1882) was an early Latter Day Saint leader, and wife to Newel K. Whitney, another early Latter Day Saint leader. She went by her middle name, Ann. Elizabeth Ann Smith was born in Derby, Connecticut to Gibson Smith and Polly Bradley. She was the couple's oldest child. Her parents weren't members of any church, although they were Christian. As a child, she was taught dancing.<ref name=\\\"woman's exponent 8/15\\\"></ref> She left her parents at about age 18 and moved to Kirtland, Ohio with her aunt Sarah Smith, who\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Whitney\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17809785\",\n \"text\": \"with his long time friend Nicholas Morton (died after 1586). Seton wrote: John Seton (priest) John Seton D.D. (c. 1498 - July 20, 1567) was an English Roman Catholic priest, known as the author of a standard logic text. Born in or about 1498, Seton was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1528. Soon afterwards he was elected a fellow of St. John's, and graduated M.A. in 1532, B.D. in 1541. Seton taught philosophy in his college, and gained a reputation as a tutor. He belonged to the \\\"conservative humanist\\\" group associated to St John's,\",\n \"title\": \"John Seton (priest)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072172\",\n \"text\": \"earliest European settlers in the New York area. Her father's parents were French Huguenots and lived in New Rochelle, New York. As Chief Health Officer for the Port of New York, Dr. Bayley attended to immigrants disembarking from ships onto Staten Island, and cared for New Yorkers when yellow fever swept through the city (for example, killing 700 in four months). Dr. Bayley later served as the first professor of anatomy at Columbia College. Elizabeth's mother was the daughter of a Church of England priest who was rector of St. Andrew's Church on Staten Island for 30 years. Elizabeth was\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20510933\",\n \"text\": \"Ann Elizabeth Isham Ann Elizabeth Isham (January 25, 1862 – April 15, 1912) was a passenger aboard the \\\"RMS Titanic\\\". She was one of five female first-class passengers (four women and one child) to die when the ship sank. An undocumented legend states she probably died because she did not want to leave behind her Great Dane; a woman was reportedly sighted in the water with her arms frozen around a dog. Ann Elizabeth \\\"Lizzie\\\" Isham was born on January 25, 1862, in Chicago, Illinois, the first child and eldest daughter of Edward Swift Isham, an American lawyer and politician\",\n \"title\": \"Ann Elizabeth Isham\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17809781\",\n \"text\": \"John Seton (priest) John Seton D.D. (c. 1498 - July 20, 1567) was an English Roman Catholic priest, known as the author of a standard logic text. Born in or about 1498, Seton was educated at St John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1528. Soon afterwards he was elected a fellow of St. John's, and graduated M.A. in 1532, B.D. in 1541. Seton taught philosophy in his college, and gained a reputation as a tutor. He belonged to the \\\"conservative humanist\\\" group associated to St John's, a college sharply divided by the Protestant Reformation, with others of similar\",\n \"title\": \"John Seton (priest)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19296733\",\n \"text\": \"year for four years. Driscoll announced that Iona's board of trustees was hiring an appraiser and broker for the campus, which was to close after the second semester of 1993. Students were allowed to transfer to Iona's main campus in New Rochelle and would receive reduced tuition. The college also provided application fees to students planning to attend a different college. While the students' futures were cared for in light of the impending closure of the Seton Campus, yet another controversy arose. The Sisters of Charity who founded Elizabeth Seton College still lived on the property, in the top floor\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Seton College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12129454\",\n \"text\": \"Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine are two closely related campuses in Emmitsburg, Maryland. The campus is the original site of Saint Joseph's Academy, a Catholic school for girls from 1809 until 1973. The Saint Joseph College campus includes a variety of significant buildings including the Second Empire Burlando Building. In June 1809, Elizabeth Ann Seton (later canonized as the first native born U.S. saint) arrived in Emmitsburg, Maryland and established Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School, the first free parochial school for girls in the United States. This school laid the\",\n \"title\": \"Saint Joseph College and Mother Seton Shrine\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5827432\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Ann Scarborough Elizabeth Ann Scarborough (born March 23, 1947) is an American writer of science fiction and fantasy and Registered Nurse who lives in Port Townsend, Washington. She has published over 40 novels, as well as collaborating with Anne McCaffrey on multiple series. Elizabeth Ann Scarborough grew up in Kansas City, Kansas. She was earned a RN from Bethany Hospital School of Nursing in 1968. She was a practicing nurse for well over a decade, including 5 years as an RN in the US Army, one year of which she served in Vietnam during the eponymous war. Her writing\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Scarborough\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2072181\",\n \"text\": \"then the city's only Catholic church. (Anti-Catholic laws had been lifted just a few years before.) A year later, she received the sacrament of Confirmation from the Bishop of Baltimore, the Right Reverend John Carroll, the only Catholic bishop in the nation. In order to support herself and her children, Seton had started an academy for young ladies, as was common for widows of social standing in that period. After news of her conversion to Catholicism spread, however, most parents withdrew their daughters from her tutelage. In 1807, students attending a local Protestant Academy were boarded at her house on\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17361535\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau Elizabeth \\\"Eliza\\\" Ann Ashurst Bardonneau (8 July 1813 – 25 November 1850) was a member of an important family of radical activists in mid-nineteenth-century England and the first translator of George Sand's work into English. The family supported causes ranging from women's suffrage to Italian unification. On 8 July 1813, Elizabeth Ashurst was born to Elizabeth Ann Brown and William Ashurst. She was the oldest child. Her siblings were William Henry Ashurst Jr., Caroline Ashurst (Stansfeld), Emilie Ashurst (Venturi) and Matilda Ashurst (Biggs). She grew up in the Ashurst home in Muswell Hill, London. Ashurst and\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Ashurst Bardonneau\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18028004\",\n \"text\": \"Ann Hunt and Elizabeth Hamel Ann Hunt and Elizabeth Hamel (born 28 February 1936) are twin sisters who were reunited after almost 78 years apart. The period of separation is a Guinness World Record for twins. Both women were born in Aldershot, England, in 1936. Their mother could not afford to keep both of them since she was a domestic servant. Elizabeth was kept because she had curvature of the spine and her mother thought that it would be difficult for her to be adopted. Ann was adopted and raised as an only child. As an adult, Elizabeth met an\",\n \"title\": \"Ann Hunt and Elizabeth Hamel\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8298494\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Balliol. His daughter, Margaret (who married Alan de Wyntoun, a paternal cadet of the Seton family), therefore succeeded to the estates and it was her son who took the Seton surname and was created the first Lord Seton. William Seton, 1st Lord Seton attended the coronation of Robert II of Scotland. One of Lord Seton's sons married Elizabeth of Gordon and became ancestor to the Earls and Marquesses of Huntly, chiefs of Clan Gordon. (Alexander Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly was born Alexander Seton but used his mother's surname). George Seton, 5th Lord Seton was a favourite of James\",\n \"title\": \"Clan Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8843000\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Seton Robert Seton (28 August 1839 – 1927) was a descendant of the New York \\\"aristocratic\\\" Seton and Bayley families, Seton was also a monsignor in the Roman Catholic Church and titular archbishop of Heliopolis. He was born in Pisa, Italy, and educated in Mount St. Mary's College of Emmitsburg, Maryland, and in the Academia Ecclesiastica, Rome, where he was graduated with the degree of D.D. In 1866 he was raised to the rank of private chamberlain to Pope Pius IX. He was the first person from the United States that was honored with the Roman Prelatura, and was\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12534147\",\n \"text\": \"remains were once entombed, and a visitors center. The shrine is part of the Archdiocese of Baltimore and is a pilgrimage destination for many Roman Catholics. The shrine’s basilica was dedicated in 1965. The interior contains many works of art created by craftsmen and artisans in Italy and Germany. Mother Seton was canonized in 1975 and her remains were moved from the \\\"God’s Little Acre\\\" cemetery to the basilica. In 1991, the shrine’s chapel was designated as a Minor Basilica by Pope John Paul II. The formal designatation ceremony took place on August 4, 1991, under the guidance of Archbishop\",\n \"title\": \"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12534145\",\n \"text\": \"House\\\"). There she established the first free Catholic school for girls in the United States, which the beginning of the Catholic parochial school system in the United States. After her death in early January 1821, Mother Seton was buried at a cemetery in Emmitsburg that she once dubbed \\\"God's Little Acre.\\\" Saint Joseph's Chapel was consecrated on May 6, 1841. King Louis-Phillippe and Queen Marie-Amelie of France donated three paintings for the new chapel, one of them the \\\"Assumption\\\" after the original by Murillo. Because of the extension of the cloister towards the Chapel, the \\\"White House\\\" was moved from\",\n \"title\": \"National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20610841\",\n \"text\": \"in her honor by the National University of Singapore to recognize excellence in social work. Ann Elizabeth Wee Ann Elizabeth Wee (born 1926) is a British-born Singaporean academic and social worker, who has been called the founding mother of social work in Singapore. She is known for pioneering professional social work in Singapore and as the longest-serving head of the Department of Social Work in the National University of Singapore. She was the inaugural recipient of the lifetime volunteer achievement award of the Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports in 2009, was honored with the Meritorious Service Medal in\",\n \"title\": \"Ann Elizabeth Wee\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18764892\",\n \"text\": \"her nomination was confirmed by voice vote. She took office on October 12, 2018. Elizabeth Ann Copeland Elizabeth Ann Copeland (born June 1, 1964) is a Judge of the United States Tax Court. Copeland was born on June 1, 1964, in Colorado Springs, Colorado. She received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree, \\\"cum laude\\\", in 1986 from the University of Texas at Austin. Prior to attending law school, she worked at Ernst & Whinney (now Ernst & Young), from 1986 to 1989. Copeland received a Juris Doctor in 1992 from the University of Texas School of Law. While attending law\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Copeland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15196508\",\n \"text\": \"Xavier Cabrini, Elizabeth Ann Seton and John Neumann and Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha. Special Masses, confirmation retreats and other events take place there. Pastors who served St. Christopher's in Red Hook and the parish from which it developed, Sacred Heart in Barrytown, are: Monsignor Coen, who was born in County Galway, Ireland, is a three-time All Ireland concertina champion and performs regularly with traditional Irish musicians. In November 2014, the Archdiocese of New York announced that St. Sylvia's Church in Tivoli, New York would merge with St. Christopher's. Although remaining a church which may be used on special occasions, Masses and\",\n \"title\": \"Parish of St. Christopher and St. Sylvia (Red Hook, New York)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9015521\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Ann Nalley Elizabeth Ann Nalley (also known as Ann Nalley) is an American chemist and professor of chemistry at Cameron University in Lawton, Oklahoma. Nalley was born in July, 1942 at Catron, Missouri. She received a B.S. in chemical education from Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma in 1965, an M.S. in analytical chemistry from Oklahoma State University in 1969, and a Ph.D. in radiation chemistry from Texas Woman's University in 1975. Her career as a chemistry instructor began before she finished her undergraduate education, with a stint as a chemistry teacher at Muskogee Central High School from 1964\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Nalley\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18764888\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Ann Copeland Elizabeth Ann Copeland (born June 1, 1964) is a Judge of the United States Tax Court. Copeland was born on June 1, 1964, in Colorado Springs, Colorado. She received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree, \\\"cum laude\\\", in 1986 from the University of Texas at Austin. Prior to attending law school, she worked at Ernst & Whinney (now Ernst & Young), from 1986 to 1989. Copeland received a Juris Doctor in 1992 from the University of Texas School of Law. While attending law school, she served as a law clerk to Justice Eugene Cook of the Supreme\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Copeland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15194580\",\n \"text\": \"lived next door at 8 State Street after the bankruptcy of William Seton's business forced them to give up the Seton family home at 61 Stone Street. They stayed here from 1801 to 1803 before sailing to Italy for William's health. In 1840 the site held the offices of a number of transportation companies, such as the New York and Hammondsport Lake Line Boats, the New York and Ithaca Line, and the New York and Seneca Falls Line Lake Boats. It also served as the \\\"Eight South Street Hotel\\\". The Georgian Revival / Colonial Revival brick church was built in\",\n \"title\": \"Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11265510\",\n \"text\": \"World War assured a large military and veteran population for the hospital. In 1980, President Ronald Reagan announced plans to close or sell all such hospitals, and despite local protest, Staten Island Public Health Service Hospital was sold to the Sisters of Charity of New York, a Catholic medical and social services system. The Sisters of Charity renamed the hospital Bayley Seton, after New York's Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton and her father Richard Bayley, a surgeon and founder of the New York Dispensary and head of the Quarantine Station in Tompkinsville. The renamed hospital expanded its campus buildings to include\",\n \"title\": \"Bayley Seton Hospital\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8843001\",\n \"text\": \"the dean of all the monsignori in the United States. He was made prothonotary apostolic in 1867, and rector of St. Joseph's Church, Jersey City, in 1876. He was a priest of the then-Diocese of Newark, New Jersey. He wrote \\\"Memoirs, Letters, and Journal of Elizabeth Seton\\\" (2 vols., New York, 1869) and \\\"Essays on Various Subjects, chiefly Roman\\\" (1882). He privately published \\\"An Old Family, the Setons of Scotland and America\\\" (1899) which is a well researched genealogy of the Seton family. He was also a frequent contributor to Roman Catholic periodicals. See the \\\"Robert Seton Family Papers,\\\" University\",\n \"title\": \"Robert Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13040328\",\n \"text\": \"is located adjacent to the St. Mary's Seminary Chapel. In 1972, Mother Seton House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This home on North Paca Street is most well known for its first owner, Mother Seton. She would arrive to the home in Baltimore on June 16, 1808, and stay until June 21, 1809. During her brief year in Baltimore, Seton would pay rent totaling at $250.00. Upon her arrival to the home, Elizabeth Seton was more than pleased with the house. In fact, she penned a letter to a friend, Julia Scott, describing it as a\",\n \"title\": \"Mother Seton House\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10270230\",\n \"text\": \"Seton Academy (South Holland, Illinois) Seton Academy is a Catholic coeducational college-preparatory high school. Seton Academy, a Catholic College Preparatory High School located in South Holland, Illinois, was founded in 1963 by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Joseph, a religious order in Cincinnati, Ohio. Originally known as Elizabeth Seton High School, named in honor of Elizabeth Bayley Seton, the first native born American saint and foundress of the Sisters of Charity, the school continues to uphold its four founding cornerstones of Faith, Leadership, Scholarship and Community. On January 5th, 2016, the Archdiocese of Chicago announced that Seton Academy would\",\n \"title\": \"Seton Academy (South Holland, Illinois)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15298985\",\n \"text\": \"Ann Elizabeth Carson Ann Elizabeth Carson, (born 19 March 1929) is a poet, author, artist, sculptor, feminist, and psychotherapist. Carson's love of words and writing began in elementary school. She published sporadically in high school, during her undergraduate years at Trinity College, University of Toronto, and while raising four children. Ann now writes, paints, and sculpts in Toronto and Manitoulin Island. She especially enjoys reading from her work at multi-media events with other poets, writers, and artists, and with dancers and musicians. Carson also leads workshops in how the arts create a new perspective in the ways we see ourselves\",\n \"title\": \"Ann Elizabeth Carson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15457280\",\n \"text\": \"George Seton, 7th Lord Seton George Seton V, 7th Lord Seton (1531–1586) was a Lord of the Parliament of Scotland, Master of the Household of Mary, Queen of Scots and Provost of Edinburgh. He was the eldest son of George Seton, 6th Lord Seton and Elizabeth Hay, a daughter of John Hay, 3rd Lord Hay of Yester. His childhood and schooling were in France. George Seton was Provost of Edinburgh in 1557, and from time to time would send his carpenter, Robert Fendour, to the Burgh Council as his representative. In February 1558, George Seton was one of eight commissioners\",\n \"title\": \"George Seton, 7th Lord Seton\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7761597\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Ann Roberts Elizabeth Ann Roberts (born August 4, 1941) is an American model. She was \\\"Playboy\\\" magazine's Playmate of the Month for the January 1958 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Arthur James and Mike Shea. Elizabeth's pictorial was a significant one in the history of \\\"Playboy\\\" because she was only 16 at the time her photos were taken. She had arrived at the Playboy studio with her mother, who provided a written statement that she was 18. After it came out that Roberts was underage, Hefner was brought before a domestic relations court on a charge of contributing\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Roberts\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6140028\",\n \"text\": \"Elizabeth Ann Blaesing Elizabeth Ann Britton Harding Blaesing (October 22, 1919 – November 17, 2005) was the daughter of Warren G. Harding, the 29th President of the United States, and his mistress, Nan Britton. Harding and Britton, who each lived in Marion, Ohio, began their affair when he was a U.S. senator and it continued until his sudden death during his presidency. Nan Britton, who made her claim public with the publication of her book, \\\"The President's Daughter\\\" (Elizabeth Ann Guild, 1927), could never produce primary source evidence to prove that Harding acknowledged his paternity of the child. Elizabeth Ann\",\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Ann Blaesing\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["new york city"],"string":"[\n \"new york city\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":892,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what teams played in the 2010 stanley cup?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"13310510","text":"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 14, 2010, after the 2009–10 NHL regular season. The Finals ended on June 9, 2010, with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games to win their fourth championship and their first since 1961. Blackhawks center and team captain Jonathan Toews was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs' most valuable player. This NHL post-season was noted for the unexpected playoff successes of two teams: the Philadelphia Flyers and Montreal Canadiens, who were the seventh and eighth seeds in","title":"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13310510\",\n \"text\": \"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 14, 2010, after the 2009–10 NHL regular season. The Finals ended on June 9, 2010, with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games to win their fourth championship and their first since 1961. Blackhawks center and team captain Jonathan Toews was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the playoffs' most valuable player. This NHL post-season was noted for the unexpected playoff successes of two teams: the Philadelphia Flyers and Montreal Canadiens, who were the seventh and eighth seeds in\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"13310539","text":"with Chicago leading San Jose three games to one. This was the only sweep of the entire playoffs. This was the second playoff series between these two teams and the first since 1971 when the Blackhawks swept the Flyers in four games in the Stanley Cup quarterfinals. Philadelphia won the only meeting between these teams in the regular season. Prior to the 2010 Finals, both teams had previously lost in their last five consecutive Finals appearances (Chicago in , , , , and ; and Philadelphia in , , , , and ). Having lost in the 2010 Finals, the","title":"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"18219750","text":"Stanley Cup ring The Stanley Cup ring is a championship ring, an annual award in the National Hockey League given by the team that wins the Stanley Cup Final, a best-of-seven series to determine the league's champion that season. In addition to the winning players, teams give rings to coaches, trainers, scouts, executives, and other staff members. Teams often give rings to players who played for the team, but do not qualify to have their name engraved on the Stanley Cup. The Stanley Cup ring was established in 1893, when the Montreal Hockey Club won the 1893 Stanley Cup championship.","title":"Stanley Cup ring"},{"psg_id":"7843918","text":"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 11, 2007. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The series ended on June 6 with the Anaheim Ducks defeating the Ottawa Senators in five games to win their first ever championship. For the first time in NHL history, neither of the two teams that played in the previous year's Stanley Cup Finals (the Carolina Hurricanes and the Edmonton","title":"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"13310532","text":"against the Penguins at Mellon Arena in 1967. The Penguins moved into the Consol Energy Center starting the next season. This was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the teams splitting the four previous series. They last met in the 1978 Stanley Cup Semifinals where Boston won in five games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series, including a 2-1 overtime win by Boston at the 2010 NHL Winter Classic at Fenway Park on New Year's Day. Philadelphia became the third NHL team to come back from a 3–0 deficit to win a series, joining","title":"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"13018793","text":"standing at the end of the regular season. Playoffs then proceeded among the top four teams in each division, providing a division winner. The two division winners of each conference then played off to provide a conference winner. The two conference winners then played off in the final to produce a Stanley Cup champion. The following teams qualified for the playoffs: Minnesota's series victory was the first time since realignment in 1981 that the Clarence Campbell Conference was not represented by a Canadian or Smythe Division team in the Stanley Cup Finals. 1991 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1991 Stanley Cup","title":"1991 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11874658","text":"respectively. The Penguins moved to the Consol Energy Center for the 2010–11 season, and the Red Wings moved to Little Caesars Arena for the 2017–18 season. This was also the last Stanley Cup Final that was ever played entirely in one time zone, as the Eastern Conference now consists of all of the league's teams that are based in the Eastern Time Zone, while the Western Conference consists entirely of the NHL's teams that are based outside of it. Dan Bylsma was the 13th rookie coach to win the Stanley Cup and the first since 1986. Bylsma only coached 25","title":"2009 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"13018791","text":"1991 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 3, 1991, following the 1990–91 regular season. The 16 teams that qualified, from the top four teams of the four divisions, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals. The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017. Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history, and","title":"1991 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929602","text":"1994 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began after the conclusion of the 1993–94 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven game series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships; and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The playoffs ended when the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in the seventh game of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals. For the first time since joining the NHL, all four former WHA teams (Edmonton, Hartford, Quebec, and Winnipeg) failed to","title":"1994 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929510","text":"1996 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 16, 1996. The 16 teams that qualified (8 from each conference) played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. These playoffs are noted as being the first playoffs in which all Canadian teams were eliminated during the first round. The New Jersey Devils, who had won the Stanley Cup the year before, failed to qualify for these playoffs. This was the first time that both Florida","title":"1996 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"7241316","text":"the Stanley Cup since they merged with the NHL in 1979. This was the first Stanley Cup Finals to be contested by two teams that had both missed the playoffs the previous season. These are the top five goaltenders based on either goals against average or save percentage with at least four games played. 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 21, 2006, following the 2005–06 regular season. The 16 teams that qualified, seeded one through eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the Conference","title":"2006 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929535","text":"1999 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 21, 1999, following the 1998–99 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals, semi-finals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. This was the last time all four WHA teams and teams with losing records (San Jose and Edmonton the 7th and 8th seeds in the Western Conference, respectively) made the playoffs. Despite his team being eliminated Colorado Avalanche forward Peter Forsberg's postseason","title":"1999 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929522","text":"season in the league, while Florida made their first Finals appearance in just their third season of existence. 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 16, 1996. The 16 teams that qualified (8 from each conference) played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. These playoffs are noted as being the first playoffs in which all Canadian teams were eliminated during the first round. The New Jersey Devils, who had won the Stanley","title":"1996 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"14944321","text":"1918 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1918 Stanley Cup playoffs were played from March 11 until March 30, when the National Hockey League (NHL) champion Toronto Blue Shirts defeated the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Vancouver Millionaires for the Stanley Cup. Montreal had won the first half of the NHL split season and Toronto had won the second half. The two teams then played a two-game total goals series for the NHL championship and the O'Brien Cup. Toronto won the series and advanced to the Stanley Cup final. The Vancouver Millionaires defeated the defending Stanley Cup Seattle Metropolitans, taking a","title":"1918 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008700","text":"teams played for the NHL championship in a two-game total goals affair. The Stanley Cup Finals returned to a best-of-five format the same year. With the merger of the PCHA and WCHL in 1925 and the merged league's collapse in 1926, the NHL took de facto control of the Stanley Cup. While the Cup would not be formally deeded to the league until 1947, from 1926 onward the NHL playoffs and the Stanley Cup playoffs are considered synonymous. The NHL was subsequently divided into the Canadian and American divisions for the 1927–28 season. For 1927, six teams qualified for the","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10367739","text":"Wings with defense to win their first Stanley Cup title. 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League was played between May 6 and June 24, 1995. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. In the Final, the New Jersey Devils swept the favored Detroit Red Wings in four games to win their first championship. This was the only time Patrick Roy missed the playoffs in his","title":"1995 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008712","text":"finishers qualified for the fourth through eighth seedings. All teams played in the first round: first-place versus eighth, second versus seventh, third versus sixth and fourth versus fifth, by those criteria. After each round, surviving teams were reseeded to play a conference semi-final, then a conference final. Like the 1994–1998 system, the conference winners then played each other in the Stanley Cup Finals, and home ice advantage was determined by higher seed in the first three rounds and by regular-season points of the two teams in the Stanley Cup Finals. The NHL realigned into a four-division, two-conference system for the","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"12882764","text":"1990 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 5, 1990, following the 1989–90 regular season. The sixteen teams that qualified, from the top four teams of the four divisions, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals. The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. This was the last time that the Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs until 2017. They would make the playoffs for 25 consecutive seasons from 1991 to 2016, excluding 2005, when the season was cancelled. Since entering the NHL as","title":"1990 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"12882761","text":"1990 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 5, 1990, following the 1989–90 regular season. The sixteen teams that qualified, from the top four teams of the four divisions, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals. The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. This was the last time that the Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs until 2017. They would make the playoffs for 25 consecutive seasons from 1991 to 2016, excluding 2005, when the season was cancelled. Since entering the NHL as","title":"1990 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008702","text":"third place series played each other in a best-of-three series, with the winner earning the other berth to the Stanley Cup Finals. This format had a slight modification the following year, where the semifinal series became a two-game total goals affair and the Stanley Cup Finals became a best-of-five series. The two-game total goals format was abolished in 1937, with those series being changed to best-of-three affairs. The 1930s saw the reduction of teams from ten to seven, and with it an end to the Canadian and American divisions. The Stanley Cup playoffs saw the first- and second-place teams play","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"14947170","text":"three games of the best-of-final. Ottawa won two to Boston's none and the series ended on April 13 with Ottawa the winner. Game one of this series was played in New York. \"Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points\" 1927 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1927 Stanley Cup playoffs were held from March 29 to April 13, 1927, to determine the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Stanley Cup. In the first Stanley Cup Final with two NHL teams, the Ottawa Senators defeated the Boston Bruins 2–0–2 in a best-of-five series.","title":"1927 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929495","text":"1975. 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 16, 1997, following the completion of the 1996–97 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals, semi-finals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Playoffs ended on June 7, with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in a four-game sweep to win their eighth Stanley Cup championship in their history, and their first in 42 years. Red Wings goaltender","title":"1997 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929486","text":"1997 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 16, 1997, following the completion of the 1996–97 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals, semi-finals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Playoffs ended on June 7, with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in a four-game sweep to win their eighth Stanley Cup championship in their history, and their first in 42 years. Red Wings goaltender Mike","title":"1997 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929525","text":"1998 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 22, 1998 following the 1997–98 regular season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-7 series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-7 series for the Stanley Cup. The playoffs concluded on June 16 with the Detroit Red Wings winning their second consecutive Stanley Cup championship, defeating the Washington Capitals, who were in their very first Finals, in a four-game sweep. Red Wings captain Steve Yzerman was named playoff MVP,","title":"1998 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929615","text":"Canucks were the last Canadian team to play for the Stanley Cup until the Calgary Flames. This was the longest streak that Canadian teams did not qualify for the Finals from 1994–2004 (10 years). Prior to this the longest streak of Canadian teams missing the Finals was just three years. 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began after the conclusion of the 1993–94 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven game series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships; and then the conference champions","title":"1994 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"7241283","text":"2006 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 21, 2006, following the 2005–06 regular season. The 16 teams that qualified, seeded one through eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the Conference Quarterfinals. The conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Finals concluded on June 19 with the Carolina Hurricanes winning the Stanley Cup, defeating the Edmonton Oilers in the final series four games to three. Carolina goaltender Cam Ward was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the","title":"2006 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"12877492","text":"1982 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1982 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 7, after the conclusion of the 1981–82 NHL season. The playoffs concluded on May 16 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Vancouver Canucks 3–1 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup. The first round of the 1982 playoffs saw three first-place teams (Edmonton, Minnesota, and Montreal) upset by fourth-place teams, a round which featured what is still the greatest comeback in NHL history: The Kings' 6–5 win over Edmonton in game","title":"1982 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"7843955","text":"seven games, while Ottawa made their first Finals appearance in their fifteenth season. This was the first Finals series to be played in Ottawa since the original Ottawa Senators won the Stanley Cup in 1927. For the first time since 1999, neither of the two Stanley Cup finalists had previously won the Stanley Cup. The teams did not play each other during this year's regular season. Anaheim became the first team based in the Pacific Time zone in the NHL's modern era to win the Stanley Cup; they also became the first west coast team to win the Stanley Cup","title":"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008704","text":"played in one semifinal, while the second and fourth-place teams played in the other semifinal, with the semifinal winners advancing to the Stanley Cup Finals. During this time, Detroit Red Wings fans often threw an octopus onto the ice as a good luck charm, as eight wins were required to win the Stanley Cup. The 1967 expansion saw the number of teams double from six to 12 in the 1967–68 season, and with it the creation of the Western and Eastern divisions. The playoff format remained largely the same, with all series remaining best-of-seven, and the division champions battling for","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10369558","text":"Ottawa would play in the Finals until the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals, and the first Stanley Cup Final to have games played in both Canada and the United States. The Stanley Cup Final was originally intended to be a best-of-three series. After the first game was declared a draw, NHL President Calder ruled that the series would go no more than five games, with overtimes limited to 20 minutes. If the teams were tied after five games, the teams would share the championship. In the end, the series went four games because of two ties. These were the last ties","title":"1927 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"9998677","text":"2000 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 12, 2000, and concluded on June 10. The 16 teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for Conference Quarterfinals, Conference Semifinals and Conference Finals, with each conference champion playing a best-of-seven series in the Stanley Cup Finals for the Stanley Cup. The playoffs ended when the New Jersey Devils defeated the reigning champion Dallas Stars in a six-game series to win their second Stanley Cup title in franchise history. Devils defenseman Scott Stevens was awarded the Conn","title":"2000 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"9998673","text":"2000 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 12, 2000, and concluded on June 10. The 16 teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for Conference Quarterfinals, Conference Semifinals and Conference Finals, with each conference champion playing a best-of-seven series in the Stanley Cup Finals for the Stanley Cup. The playoffs ended when the New Jersey Devils defeated the reigning champion Dallas Stars in a six-game series to win their second Stanley Cup title in franchise history. Devils defenseman Scott Stevens was awarded the Conn","title":"2000 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10602287","text":"1932 Stanley Cup Finals The 1932 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-five series between the New York Rangers and the Toronto Maple Leafs. Toronto would win the series in three straight to win their first Stanley Cup as the Maple Leafs. Game two was moved from New York to Boston due to a scheduling conflict at Madison Square Garden. It remains the only neutral site Stanley Cup Final game to be played in the United States and the first neutral site Stanley Cup Final game contested by two NHL teams. New York defeated the defending champion Canadiens in a best-of-five","title":"1932 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"10367727","text":"1995 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League was played between May 6 and June 24, 1995. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. In the Final, the New Jersey Devils swept the favored Detroit Red Wings in four games to win their first championship. This was the only time Patrick Roy missed the playoffs in his career. His team, the Montreal Canadiens, missed the playoffs for","title":"1995 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"7896163","text":"2004 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2004 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League began on April 7, 2004, following the 2003–04 regular season. The playoffs ended with the Tampa Bay Lightning winning the Stanley Cup with a seven-game series win over the Calgary Flames on June 7. It was Tampa Bay's first Stanley Cup victory. It was the Flames' third final appearance, as they came this far in and , winning the latter. The 16 qualified teams, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven games for Conference Quarterfinals, Semifinals and Finals. The winner of each conference proceeded to the Stanley","title":"2004 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008711","text":"conference semi-final, then a conference final. The conference winners then played each other in the Stanley Cup Finals. Home ice advantage was determined by higher seed in the first three rounds and by regular-season points of the two teams in the Stanley Cup Finals. In 1998–99, the league was re-organized into two conferences of three divisions apiece, resulting in the playoff format used through 2013. The qualifiers remained sixteen, but the seeding changed. The three first-place teams in each division qualified and were seeded first through third for the playoffs. Of the other teams in each conference, the top five","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008701","text":"playoffs, three from each division, with the division semifinals and finals being a two-game total goals affair, and the Stanley Cup Finals becoming a best-of-five series. In 1928, the playoff format was changed so that the two teams with identical division ranking would face each other (i.e. the division winners played each other, the second place teams play each other, and likewise for the third place teams). The first place series was a best-of-five affair, with the winner proceeding to the best-of-three Stanley Cup Finals, while the others were a two-game total goals series. The winner of the second and","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"8185390","text":"1919 Stanley Cup Finals The 1919 Stanley Cup Finals was the ice hockey play-off series to determine the 1919 Stanley Cup champions that ended with no champion decided, being suspended after five games had been played due to an outbreak of influenza. It was the only time in the history of the Stanley Cup that it was not awarded due to a no-decision after playoffs were held. Hosting the series in Seattle was the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Seattle Metropolitans playing off against the National Hockey League (NHL) champion Montreal Canadiens. Both teams had won two games, lost","title":"1919 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"13310531","text":"Marc-Andre Fleury made 32 saves in a 2–1 victory. Montreal forward Maxim Lapierre scored the game-winning goal in game six as the Canadiens won their fourth consecutive elimination game of the playoffs. Montreal's Brian Gionta scored twice on the power-play in game seven as the Canadiens eliminated the defending Stanley Cup champions with a 5–2 win. Game seven was the last game ever to be played at Mellon Arena, the Penguins' home rink since the start of the franchise as the Canadiens dethroned the defending Stanley Cup champion Penguins. Incidentally, the Canadiens were the winners of the first game played","title":"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10407858","text":"2008 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 9, 2008, after the 2007–08 regular season. The 16 teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Buffalo Sabres became the second team to miss the playoffs after winning the Presidents' Trophy in the prior season. This would not happen again until 2015. The Finals ended on June 4, 2008, with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins four games","title":"2008 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"12909435","text":"1967 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) was the final playoffs before the expansion from six to twelve teams. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the defending champion Montreal Canadiens in six games to win the Stanley Cup. The Leafs squad was the oldest ever to win a Cup final; the average age of the team was well more than 30, and four players were more than 40. Toronto has not won the Cup or been to the Finals since. In the semi-finals, the Chicago Black Hawks who finished in first place played","title":"1967 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10403669","text":"1989 Stanley Cup Finals The 1989 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1988–89 season, and the culmination of the 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Calgary Flames and the Montreal Canadiens, the top two teams during the regular season. It is also the most recent time that the Finals series was played entirely in Canada, and was the second time in the decade that the Canadiens and Flames met in the Finals. The Flames defeated the Canadiens in six games to win their first, and as of 2018, only Stanley","title":"1989 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"11874657","text":"coach in NHL history to lose game seven of a Stanley Cup Final with two different teams. Mike Keenan, the other to coach in two Finals game sevens with two different teams, had avoided the distinction by winning the second Finals game seven he coached. He was with the Philadelphia Flyers in when they lost to the Edmonton Oilers, and was with the New York Rangers when they won the Cup in . This was the last Stanley Cup Final played at both Mellon Arena and Joe Louis Arena, which was closed after the following season and the 2016–17 season,","title":"2009 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"13341023","text":"a championship in each of the four major professional sports since 1985. It also vaulted Toews into the Triple Gold Club, having won the Olympic Gold medal in Vancouver earlier in 2010 and an IIHF World Championship Gold medal in 2007. Toews and defencemen Duncan Keith and Brent Seabrook also became the fourth, fifth, and sixth players to win Olympic Gold and the Stanley Cup in the same year. With Chicago's win, the Toronto Maple Leafs are now the only Original Six team to not win the Stanley Cup or play in the Finals since the 1967 expansion; their most","title":"2010 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"13341005","text":"Chicago's preseason acquisition from Detroit, Tomas Kopecky, was also playing in his third straight Stanley Cup Final. The Philadelphia Flyers earned the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs after finishing the regular season with 88 points, and winning the tiebreaker over the Montreal Canadiens, having more wins (41 to 39). The Flyers were the last team to qualify for the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs. Their Cinderella march to the Final began on the final day of the regular season when they met the New York Rangers in a winner-take-all match-up for the final playoff spot. Philadelphia defeated their Atlantic","title":"2010 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"10369565","text":"Hooley Smith became the fourth player to have won Olympic gold and the Stanley Cup. Smith had won the gold medal at the 1924 Olympics with the Toronto Granites. 1927 Stanley Cup Finals The 1927 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the Ottawa Senators and the Boston Bruins. It was the first time the Cup was solely contested by National Hockey League teams, owing to the demise of the Western Hockey League the previous year. It was won by the Ottawa Senators, coached by Dave Gill, over the Boston Bruins, coached by Art Ross. This was the Senators' fourth win","title":"1927 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"8185400","text":"and thus nothing was engraved onto the trophy. However, when the Cup was redesigned in 1948 and a new collar was added to include those teams that did not engrave their names on the trophy themselves, the following was added: 1919<br>Montreal Canadiens<br>Seattle Metropolitans<br>Series Not Completed Sources: † Morris did not play in the series due to his arrest for draft evasion. ‡ Played rover position. Sources: 1919 Stanley Cup Finals The 1919 Stanley Cup Finals was the ice hockey play-off series to determine the 1919 Stanley Cup champions that ended with no champion decided, being suspended after five games had","title":"1919 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"13341002","text":"same year. Having played for Team USA at the Olympics, Patrick Kane joined Chris Chelios and Brett Hull (both 2002) as having won both the Olympic Silver medal and Stanley Cup in the same year. Jonathan Toews also became the 24th player and the seventh Canadian to become a member of the Triple Gold Club having won an Olympic Gold Medal, an IIHF World Championship Gold Medal, and the Stanley Cup. This was the third straight Final in which the Western Conference team was an Original Six team that won the Central Division and the Eastern Conference team was an","title":"2010 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"15690114","text":"vs. Detroit Red Wings Montreal Canadiens vs. Toronto Maple Leafs \"Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points\" 1951 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1951 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began with four teams on March 28, 1951. It concluded on April 21, with the Toronto Maple Leafs defeating the Montreal Canadiens to win the Stanley Cup. \"All dates in 1951\" The second seed Toronto Maple Leafs eliminated the fourth seed Boston Bruins in five games, and the third seed Montreal Canadiens upset first overall Detroit Red Wings in","title":"1951 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10381944","text":"1929 Stanley Cup Finals The 1929 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the defending champion New York Rangers and the Boston Bruins. This was the first time in Stanley Cup history that two American-based teams met in the Final. Boston won the series to win its first championship. The playoffs were now between division finishers of each division, rather than a division champion from each division. The Boston Bruins knocked off the Montreal Canadiens, the New York Rangers beat the New York Americans, and the Toronto Maple Leafs beat the Detroit Cougars. The Rangers beat Toronto and then the Bruins","title":"1929 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"12834306","text":"when they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes. This was the final playoff series played by the Minnesota North Stars. The next time that the Stars franchise made the playoffs was in 1994 when they were known as the Dallas Stars. This was the first playoff series between these two teams. 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 18, after the conclusion of the 1991–92 NHL season. It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup, and it was won by the Pittsburgh","title":"1992 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"12831608","text":"Alexander Mogilny suffered a badly broken leg, ending what had been a tremendous campaign of 76 goals in 77 regular season games followed by seven goals in seven playoff games. As in their previous series, Montreal played three overtime games, this time winning all three of them. This was the first playoff series between the teams since the 1991 Adams Division Semifinals. The Islanders upset the two-time defending Stanley Cup champions. David Volek's overtime goal in game seven was the deciding goal as New York rallied from a 3-2 deficit to defeat the Penguins. Islanders defenceman Darius Kasparaitis played a","title":"1993 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"8064091","text":"retirement after the deciding game of the series. The Phoenix Coyotes would play their last playoff games at America West Arena and would miss the playoffs until 2010, when they played in Glendale. The 16 teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. A record 25 shutouts were recorded in the 2002 Playoffs and, for the first time since 1991, not a single team was swept in a playoff series. This is the last time that all three Eastern","title":"2002 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"8016186","text":"2003 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2003 Stanley Cup playoffs, the National Hockey League (NHL) championship, began on April 9, 2003, following the 2002–03 regular season. The playoffs concluded on June 9, 2003, with the New Jersey Devils defeating the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in seven games. The 16 qualifying teams played best-of-seven series in the conference quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals. Each conference champion proceeded to the Stanley Cup Finals. These playoffs marked the first time the Minnesota Wild qualified, in only their third season in the NHL. The Minnesota Wild, a sixth-seed, made an unlikely advance to the Western Conference","title":"2003 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"17334351","text":"score. The Kings clinched their second Stanley Cup in franchise history, their first since 2012, by defeating the Rangers 3–2 on home ice. This was the first Stanley Cup–clinching game since 2010 to be determined in overtime, and the first time that the home team had the overtime Stanley Cup winner since 1980. The Kings played 26 playoff games on their road to the trophy, more than any previous Stanley Cup–winning team. The Kings grabbed the lead in the first period with an even-strength goal by Justin Williams. In the second, Chris Kreider converted on a Rangers power play before","title":"2014 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"14947168","text":"1927 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1927 Stanley Cup playoffs were held from March 29 to April 13, 1927, to determine the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Stanley Cup. In the first Stanley Cup Final with two NHL teams, the Ottawa Senators defeated the Boston Bruins 2–0–2 in a best-of-five series. With the collapse of the Western Hockey League, the Stanley Cup became the championship trophy of the NHL. The NHL teams now battled out amongst themselves for the coveted Cup. The new division alignment and the new playoff format also meant that an American team was","title":"1927 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"13036413","text":"the Final series four games to two and win the Stanley Cup. It was the Islanders' first Stanley Cup win and was the first of four consecutive Stanley Cup wins. With the league expansion from 17 to 21 teams, the playoffs were also expanded, from a 12-team tournament to a 16-team tournament. The sixteen teams were composed of the four divisional champions plus the top 12 finishers of the remaining 17 teams. The 16 qualifying teams were then seeded based on regular season points, with divisional rankings ignored. Division leaders no longer received first round byes. The teams were seeded","title":"1980 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10401041","text":"a best of three series. The Canadiens had lost all four of their regular-season meetings with the Bruins. Captain Sylvio Mantha was the leader, scoring in both final games. Game one saw the Bruins play way below their usual form and George Hainsworth picked up a shutout. In game two, Howie Morenz scored what proved to be the winning goal at 17:50 of the second period and the Canadiens won the Stanley Cup. It was the first time all year that the Bruins lost two games in a row. 1930 Stanley Cup Finals The 1930 Stanley Cup Finals was played","title":"1930 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"14519950","text":"2010 A Championship Cup The 2010 A Championship Cup was a one-off cup competition featuring teams that played in the 2010 A Championship. It was also referred to as the Newstalk Cup for sponsorship reasons. It was won by Sporting Fingal A, who defeated Bohemians A in the final. There were eighteen participating clubs in the 2010 Newstalk Cup; they were divided into four groups - five teams in Pool 2 and Pool 3 and four teams in Pool 1 and Pool 4. All the teams played each other once and the group winners then advanced to the semi-finals. Teams","title":"2010 A Championship Cup"},{"psg_id":"12877495","text":"series to determine the division playoff champions. The Adams and Patrick winners would meet in the Wales Conference Final, while the Norris and Smythe winners played in the Campbell Conference Final. The two Conference Champions played for the Stanley Cup. With the exception of extending the first round to a best-of-seven in 1987, this format remained in place through the 1993 playoffs. The following teams qualified for the playoffs: John Tonelli scored the game-tying goal late in the third period and game-winning overtime goal in the decisive Game 5 to lift the Islanders over the Penguins. In the Stanley Cup","title":"1982 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008691","text":"Stanley Cup playoffs The Stanley Cup playoffs () is an elimination tournament in the National Hockey League consisting of four rounds of best-of-seven series. Eight teams from each of the two conferences qualify for the playoffs based on regular season points totals. The final round is commonly known as the Stanley Cup Finals, which sees the two conference champions play for the Stanley Cup. The NHL has always used a playoff tournament to determine its champion. Its playoff system has changed over the years, from the league's inception in 1917 when ownership of the Stanley Cup was shared between different","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"7843956","text":"since the Victoria Cougars in 1925. These are the top five goaltenders based on either goals against average or save percentage with at least four games played. Detroit Red Wings defenseman Chris Chelios made his 22nd post-season appearance, breaking the record for most post-season appearances. The New York Rangers set a new post-season franchise record that year by defeating the Atlanta Thrashers 7–0 on April 17. 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 11, 2007. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals,","title":"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"8202602","text":"be the last team based west of Chicago to win the Cup until the Edmonton Oilers won the trophy in 1984. These were also the last Stanley Cup Final games to be played in Western Canada until the Vancouver Canucks qualified for the 1982 Final. Games one, three and four were held in Victoria. Game two, held in Vancouver, was the last neutral site game in Stanley Cup Final history that did not involve the New York Rangers. Prior to the season, the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) folded and two of its teams, the Cougars and the Vancouver Maroons","title":"1925 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"13018802","text":"points in a period (4). This was the second and most recent series between these two teams, with the only previous meeting being the 1986 Stanley Cup Finals where Montreal defeated Calgary in five games. This was the Flames second appearance in the Finals, while Montreal was making their thirty-third appearance in the Finals. Calgary was trying to win their first Stanley Cup in franchise history, while Montreal last won the Stanley Cup in 1986. The Stanley Cup Finals was decided between the two teams with the best records of the 1988–89 NHL regular season. Co-captain Lanny McDonald scored the","title":"1989 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"12831617","text":"the first playoff series between the teams since the 1978 Preliminary Round. This was the first and to date only playoff series between these two teams. The Canadiens had not won a Stanley Cup since 1986. This was the thirty-fourth and most recent Finals appearance for Montreal, while Los Angeles made their first ever appearance in the Finals. This was Wayne Gretzky's only appearance in the Finals with the Kings, and the last in his career. Patrick Roy won the MVP award of this Stanley Cup final. 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs the championship of the","title":"1993 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10600682","text":"1968 Stanley Cup Finals The 1968 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series between the Montreal Canadiens and the St. Louis Blues. The Canadiens would sweep the series in four straight games, in the first Stanley Cup series after the NHL expansion to twelve teams. Although the series was a sweep, it was a much more intense and close-fought series than anyone had expected, as each of the four games was decided by one goal. This was the first Stanley Cup championship after the 1967 NHL expansion. All of the new teams were placed in the West Division, all the","title":"1968 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"13018796","text":"1989 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 5, after the conclusion of the 1988–89 NHL season. This was the final year that all of the Division Semifinals began with teams playing the first four games in a span of five days. The playoffs concluded on May 25 with the champion Calgary Flames defeating the Montreal Canadiens 4–2 to win the Stanley Cup Final series four games to two. The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs featured two Canadian hockey teams, the Montreal Canadiens and the Calgary Flames. Montreal finished","title":"1989 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"18219751","text":"Since that championship, the rings weren't given again until the Ottawa Senators won the 1927 Stanley Cup Finals. The rings are still given to the Stanley Cup champions. There have been cases in which championship teams have not awarded rings to its players, such as the Montreal Hockey Club's second championship (which gave out watches) and the 1915 champions, the Vancouver Millionaires (which issued medallions). For many years teams did not give any rings at all and players had to buy them for themselves. In the 1950s The Detroit Red Wings won the Stanley Cup four times, but players were","title":"Stanley Cup ring"},{"psg_id":"10369557","text":"1927 Stanley Cup Finals The 1927 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the Ottawa Senators and the Boston Bruins. It was the first time the Cup was solely contested by National Hockey League teams, owing to the demise of the Western Hockey League the previous year. It was won by the Ottawa Senators, coached by Dave Gill, over the Boston Bruins, coached by Art Ross. This was the Senators' fourth win since 1920, and eleventh overall, but it marked the end of the dynasty. The original Senators would not win another. It would be the last time a team from","title":"1927 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"12879582","text":"placed in the new Eastern Division, and all of the new teams placed in the new Western Division. Each division contributed four playoff teams. Division teams then played off to produce a divisional champion, and the two divisional champions played off in the Final to win the Stanley Cup. The imbalance between the new teams and old was readily apparent in the standings. All four of the East Division teams had a better record than the top team in the West. The Canadiens drew the third-place Boston Bruins in the first round. The Bruins, making their first appearance in the","title":"1968 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"15939153","text":"2010 Varsity Cup The 2010 Varsity Cup was contested from 1 February to 29 March 2010. The tournament (also known as the \"FNB Varsity Cup presented by Steinhoff International\" for sponsorship reasons) was the third season of the Varsity Cup, an annual inter-university rugby union competition featuring eight South African universities. The tournament was won by for the third consecutive season; they beat 17-14 in the final played on 29 March 2010. There were eight participating universities in the 2010 Varsity Cup. These teams played each other once over the course of the season, either home or away. Teams received","title":"2010 Varsity Cup"},{"psg_id":"13080526","text":"series between these two teams, with Buffalo sweeping the only previous meeting in two games in the 1977 Stanley Cup Preliminary Round. Minnesota won the season series earning five of eight points in this year's four-game regular season series. This was the second and most recent playoff series between these two teams, with Philadelphia sweeping the Atlanta Flames in their only previous meeting in four games in the 1974 Stanley Cup Quarterfinals. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. This was the third playoff series between these two rivals. They last met in the 1979 Stanley Cup Semifinals","title":"1981 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008725","text":"to a two-game total-goal series and didn't change back for five years. The next year all series became best-of's and two years after, in 1939, the league ended the divisional format when the Montreal Maroons suspended operations, leaving the league with only 7 teams. Instead, the top two finishers played one another in a best-of-seven semifinal round while the other four playoff teams played best-of-three series to decide the second finalist. The same year the Stanley Cup finals shifted to a best-of-seven series where it has remained ever since (as of 2018). With only six teams in the league the","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"12879581","text":"1968 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1968 Stanley Cup playoffs, to decide the 1968 championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) was the first after the expansion from six to twelve teams. The playoff system was thus expanded from a four-team to a eight-team tournament, and was designed so that four of the new expansion teams would qualify for the postseason. The defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs did not qualify and a new champion would be crowned. The Montreal Canadiens would defeat the St. Louis Blues in four straight to win the Stanley Cup. All of the 'Original Six' teams were","title":"1968 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"11929547","text":"goals. Joe Sakic scored for Colorado with a goal at 13:58 of the third period. Dallas hung on and won the game 4–1 and the series four games to three. With the win the Stars advanced to the Cup Finals for the first time since 1991 when they were the Minnesota North Stars. 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 21, 1999, following the 1998–99 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals, semi-finals and championships, and then","title":"1999 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"759281","text":"to England on July 15. In April of that year, his elder brother Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby died, and Stanley succeeded him as the 16th Earl of Derby. During the challenge cup period, none of the leagues that played for the trophy had a formal playoff system to decide their respective champions; whichever team finished in first place after the regular season won the league title. However, in 1894, four teams out of the five-team AHAC tied for the championship with records of 5–3–0. The AHAC had no tie-breaking system. After extensive negotiations and Quebec's withdrawal from the","title":"Stanley Cup"},{"psg_id":"13018794","text":"1979 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 10, after the conclusion of the 1978–79 NHL season. The playoffs concluded on May 21 with the champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4–1 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup. Three Original Six teams made the semifinals which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals. The twelve teams that qualified for the playoffs are ranked 1–12 based on regular season points. \"Note: Only teams that qualified for the","title":"1979 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"12910817","text":"2009 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 15, 2009, after the 2008–09 regular season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference (the winner of each of the three divisions plus the five teams with highest point totals from the teams remaining), play a best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals, semifinals, and championships, and then the conference champions will play a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Columbus Blue Jackets made their first appearance in the playoffs in their nine-year history. Previously they had been the only franchise","title":"2009 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"13080527","text":"where the Rangers won in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. This was the first and to date only playoff series between these two teams. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 8, after the conclusion of the 1980–81 NHL season. The playoffs concluded on May 21 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Minnesota North Stars 5–1 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup.","title":"1981 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008721","text":"are many traditions and anecdotes associated with the championship trophy, the Stanley Cup. Because the Ice Hockey World Championships are held in the same time period as the Stanley Cup playoffs, the only NHL players who can participate in the former are those on NHL teams that have been eliminated from Stanley Cup contention. This policy has been in place since a 1977 agreement between the NHL and the International Ice Hockey Federation, which allowed Team Canada to field a team in the World Championships after an-eight year absence. \"Correct as of 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs\" Prior to 1927 the","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10008731","text":"playoffs were concerned, the league has also a 32nd team in Seattle for the 2021–22 season. Stanley Cup playoffs The Stanley Cup playoffs () is an elimination tournament in the National Hockey League consisting of four rounds of best-of-seven series. Eight teams from each of the two conferences qualify for the playoffs based on regular season points totals. The final round is commonly known as the Stanley Cup Finals, which sees the two conference champions play for the Stanley Cup. The NHL has always used a playoff tournament to determine its champion. Its playoff system has changed over the years,","title":"Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"16378125","text":"of the playoffs. Due to a lockout that both shortened and delayed the start of the regular season, the 2013 Cup Finals began on June 12, and lasted until June 24–tying the lockout impacted for the latest in June that the Stanley Cup was awarded. This was the first Stanley Cup Final series between two Original Six teams since , and the seventh since its first expansion in 1967. It also marked the first time these two teams have met in the Stanley Cup Final. In game six of the finals, trailing the Boston Bruins 2–1 with 76 seconds left","title":"2013 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"10377612","text":"the 1996 Playoffs. It was Colorado's first appearance in the Final, in only their first season in Denver since moving from Quebec City (where they had formerly played as the Nordiques) in 1995. It was also Florida's first appearance in the Final, in only the franchise's third season since entering the NHL in 1993. Only four other teams have made their first Stanley Cup Final appearance faster: the Toronto Arenas winning the Stanley Cup in the NHL inaugural season in , the St. Louis Blues in their debut season in (they lost the Finals to the Montreal Canadiens), the Vegas","title":"1996 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"17334333","text":"of 26 playoff games was the longest of any Stanley Cup–winning team in history. Los Angeles had home ice advantage in the series, as the Kings finished with a better regular season record than the Rangers. The series started on June 4 and ended on June 13 with the Kings winning their second Stanley Cup in three seasons. It was the first meeting between teams from New York City and Los Angeles for a major professional sports championship since the Yankees and the Dodgers played in the 1981 World Series. Coincidentally, 1981 was also the last time the Rangers and","title":"2014 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"10600674","text":"1969 Stanley Cup Finals The 1969 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series played from April 27 to May 4, 1969, between the defending champions Montreal Canadiens and the St. Louis Blues, the same finalists as in . As they had done the previous year, the Canadiens would win the series in four straight games. Montreal defeated the New York Rangers 4–0 and the Boston Bruins 4–2 to advance to the finals. St. Louis defeated the Philadelphia Flyers and Los Angeles Kings in four games each. This was the second playoff series between these two teams. Their only previous meeting","title":"1969 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"759273","text":"Grail, or facetiously (chiefly by sportswriters) as Lord Stanley's Mug. The Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 101 times by 18 active NHL teams and five defunct teams. It was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. During the challenge cup era from 1893 to 1914, the Cup was held by nine different teams.","title":"Stanley Cup"},{"psg_id":"10047027","text":"speed and higher-scoring offence, although both teams played a similar style of responsible team defence. Anaheim had home ice advantage for the series, as they finished the regular season with 110 points to Ottawa's 105. The attention leading into the finals was Ottawa being \"Canada's Team\" despite Anaheim having five more Canadian skaters than the Senators. Many fans were saying that the Stanley Cup needed to be brought back to Canada after a 14-year drought (up to that point, the last Canadian team to hoist the Stanley Cup was the 1993 Montreal Canadiens, who defeated the Los Angeles Kings). Only","title":"2007 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"10600618","text":"1979 Stanley Cup Finals The 1979 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1978–79 season, and the culmination of the 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the New York Rangers and the defending champion Montreal Canadiens, making their fourth straight appearance. It was New York's first appearance in the Finals since . The Canadiens would win the best-of-seven series, four games to one, to win their fourth consecutive Stanley Cup championship. This was the last Stanley Cup Final until 2013 where both teams were from the Original Six, and the first of","title":"1979 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"10367919","text":"In Pittsburgh, KBL televised games one, two and five while KDKA aired games three, four, and six. 1991 Stanley Cup Finals The 1991 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1990–91 season, and the culmination of the 1991 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Minnesota North Stars. It was the Penguins' first Final series appearance and their first Stanley Cup victory. This is the first and only (through 2018) Stanley Cup Final to feature two teams from the expansion group of 1967. It was Minnesota's second Final series","title":"1991 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"759287","text":"1912, challenges could take place at any time or place, given the appropriate rink conditions, and it was common for teams to defend the Cup numerous times during the year. In 1912, Cup trustees declared that it was to be defended only at the end of the champion team's regular season. In 1914, the Victoria Aristocrats from the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) challenged the NHA and Cup champion Toronto Blueshirts. A controversy erupted when a letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did","title":"Stanley Cup"},{"psg_id":"15678226","text":"0\" \"Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points\" 1960 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1960 Stanley Cup playoffs was the tournament to determine the 1960 Stanley Cup professional ice hockey championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) The momentum did not stop for the regular-season champion Montreal Canadiens as they played the minimum number of games to win the Stanley Cup. Montreal, in the process, became the last Cup winners in NHL history to go undefeated in the playoffs to date. After winning the Stanley Cup, Maurice Richard retired from the NHL as a","title":"1960 Stanley Cup playoffs"},{"psg_id":"10381945","text":"won their first Stanley Cup defeating the Rangers. In the process, Boston became one of the few Cup winners in history to not lose a single game in the playoffs, and the last team until 1952 to win every playoff game they had. The Stanley Cup final was a best of three series. Goalie Cecil \"\"Tiny\"\" Thompson backstopped the Bruins to consecutive wins, and posted the third Stanley Cup shutout for a rookie. game two was played at Madison Square Garden. 1929 Stanley Cup Finals The 1929 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the defending champion New York Rangers and","title":"1929 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"8188175","text":"1917 Stanley Cup Finals The 1917 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Seattle Metropolitans and the National Hockey Association (NHA) and Stanley Cup defending champion Montreal Canadiens. Seattle defeated Montreal three games to one in a best-of-five game series to become the first United States-based team to win the Cup. It was also the first Stanley Cup Final to be played in the United States, as all games were played in Seattle, and the last Stanley Cup final to not feature a National Hockey League team. Seattle won the PCHA title after finishing","title":"1917 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"10367914","text":"1991 Stanley Cup Finals The 1991 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1990–91 season, and the culmination of the 1991 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Minnesota North Stars. It was the Penguins' first Final series appearance and their first Stanley Cup victory. This is the first and only (through 2018) Stanley Cup Final to feature two teams from the expansion group of 1967. It was Minnesota's second Final series appearance, and their last before the franchise's relocation to Dallas two years later. It was also the","title":"1991 Stanley Cup Finals"},{"psg_id":"18828236","text":"2016 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 13, 2016 and ended on June 12, 2016, with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the San Jose Sharks four games to two in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals. For only the second time in league history (1970 being the only other time), none of the NHL's Canadian-based teams, seven in total, qualified for the postseason. In addition, for the second season in a row and only the fifth time since joining the league in 1979, all four former WHA teams (the Edmonton Oilers,","title":"2016 Stanley Cup playoffs"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13310539\",\n \"text\": \"with Chicago leading San Jose three games to one. This was the only sweep of the entire playoffs. This was the second playoff series between these two teams and the first since 1971 when the Blackhawks swept the Flyers in four games in the Stanley Cup quarterfinals. Philadelphia won the only meeting between these teams in the regular season. Prior to the 2010 Finals, both teams had previously lost in their last five consecutive Finals appearances (Chicago in , , , , and ; and Philadelphia in , , , , and ). Having lost in the 2010 Finals, the\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18219750\",\n \"text\": \"Stanley Cup ring The Stanley Cup ring is a championship ring, an annual award in the National Hockey League given by the team that wins the Stanley Cup Final, a best-of-seven series to determine the league's champion that season. In addition to the winning players, teams give rings to coaches, trainers, scouts, executives, and other staff members. Teams often give rings to players who played for the team, but do not qualify to have their name engraved on the Stanley Cup. The Stanley Cup ring was established in 1893, when the Montreal Hockey Club won the 1893 Stanley Cup championship.\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup ring\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7843918\",\n \"text\": \"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 11, 2007. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The series ended on June 6 with the Anaheim Ducks defeating the Ottawa Senators in five games to win their first ever championship. For the first time in NHL history, neither of the two teams that played in the previous year's Stanley Cup Finals (the Carolina Hurricanes and the Edmonton\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13310532\",\n \"text\": \"against the Penguins at Mellon Arena in 1967. The Penguins moved into the Consol Energy Center starting the next season. This was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the teams splitting the four previous series. They last met in the 1978 Stanley Cup Semifinals where Boston won in five games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series, including a 2-1 overtime win by Boston at the 2010 NHL Winter Classic at Fenway Park on New Year's Day. Philadelphia became the third NHL team to come back from a 3–0 deficit to win a series, joining\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13018793\",\n \"text\": \"standing at the end of the regular season. Playoffs then proceeded among the top four teams in each division, providing a division winner. The two division winners of each conference then played off to provide a conference winner. The two conference winners then played off in the final to produce a Stanley Cup champion. The following teams qualified for the playoffs: Minnesota's series victory was the first time since realignment in 1981 that the Clarence Campbell Conference was not represented by a Canadian or Smythe Division team in the Stanley Cup Finals. 1991 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1991 Stanley Cup\",\n \"title\": \"1991 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11874658\",\n \"text\": \"respectively. The Penguins moved to the Consol Energy Center for the 2010–11 season, and the Red Wings moved to Little Caesars Arena for the 2017–18 season. This was also the last Stanley Cup Final that was ever played entirely in one time zone, as the Eastern Conference now consists of all of the league's teams that are based in the Eastern Time Zone, while the Western Conference consists entirely of the NHL's teams that are based outside of it. Dan Bylsma was the 13th rookie coach to win the Stanley Cup and the first since 1986. Bylsma only coached 25\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13018791\",\n \"text\": \"1991 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1991 Stanley Cup Playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 3, 1991, following the 1990–91 regular season. The 16 teams that qualified, from the top four teams of the four divisions, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals. The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. This was the first of the 25 consecutive years in which the Detroit Red Wings qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs until their streak finally ended in 2017. Their streak is tied for the third longest in NHL history, and\",\n \"title\": \"1991 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929602\",\n \"text\": \"1994 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began after the conclusion of the 1993–94 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven game series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships; and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The playoffs ended when the New York Rangers defeated the Vancouver Canucks in the seventh game of the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals. For the first time since joining the NHL, all four former WHA teams (Edmonton, Hartford, Quebec, and Winnipeg) failed to\",\n \"title\": \"1994 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929510\",\n \"text\": \"1996 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 16, 1996. The 16 teams that qualified (8 from each conference) played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. These playoffs are noted as being the first playoffs in which all Canadian teams were eliminated during the first round. The New Jersey Devils, who had won the Stanley Cup the year before, failed to qualify for these playoffs. This was the first time that both Florida\",\n \"title\": \"1996 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7241316\",\n \"text\": \"the Stanley Cup since they merged with the NHL in 1979. This was the first Stanley Cup Finals to be contested by two teams that had both missed the playoffs the previous season. These are the top five goaltenders based on either goals against average or save percentage with at least four games played. 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 21, 2006, following the 2005–06 regular season. The 16 teams that qualified, seeded one through eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the Conference\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929535\",\n \"text\": \"1999 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 21, 1999, following the 1998–99 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals, semi-finals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. This was the last time all four WHA teams and teams with losing records (San Jose and Edmonton the 7th and 8th seeds in the Western Conference, respectively) made the playoffs. Despite his team being eliminated Colorado Avalanche forward Peter Forsberg's postseason\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929522\",\n \"text\": \"season in the league, while Florida made their first Finals appearance in just their third season of existence. 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1996 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 16, 1996. The 16 teams that qualified (8 from each conference) played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. These playoffs are noted as being the first playoffs in which all Canadian teams were eliminated during the first round. The New Jersey Devils, who had won the Stanley\",\n \"title\": \"1996 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14944321\",\n \"text\": \"1918 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1918 Stanley Cup playoffs were played from March 11 until March 30, when the National Hockey League (NHL) champion Toronto Blue Shirts defeated the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Vancouver Millionaires for the Stanley Cup. Montreal had won the first half of the NHL split season and Toronto had won the second half. The two teams then played a two-game total goals series for the NHL championship and the O'Brien Cup. Toronto won the series and advanced to the Stanley Cup final. The Vancouver Millionaires defeated the defending Stanley Cup Seattle Metropolitans, taking a\",\n \"title\": \"1918 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008700\",\n \"text\": \"teams played for the NHL championship in a two-game total goals affair. The Stanley Cup Finals returned to a best-of-five format the same year. With the merger of the PCHA and WCHL in 1925 and the merged league's collapse in 1926, the NHL took de facto control of the Stanley Cup. While the Cup would not be formally deeded to the league until 1947, from 1926 onward the NHL playoffs and the Stanley Cup playoffs are considered synonymous. The NHL was subsequently divided into the Canadian and American divisions for the 1927–28 season. For 1927, six teams qualified for the\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10367739\",\n \"text\": \"Wings with defense to win their first Stanley Cup title. 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League was played between May 6 and June 24, 1995. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. In the Final, the New Jersey Devils swept the favored Detroit Red Wings in four games to win their first championship. This was the only time Patrick Roy missed the playoffs in his\",\n \"title\": \"1995 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008712\",\n \"text\": \"finishers qualified for the fourth through eighth seedings. All teams played in the first round: first-place versus eighth, second versus seventh, third versus sixth and fourth versus fifth, by those criteria. After each round, surviving teams were reseeded to play a conference semi-final, then a conference final. Like the 1994–1998 system, the conference winners then played each other in the Stanley Cup Finals, and home ice advantage was determined by higher seed in the first three rounds and by regular-season points of the two teams in the Stanley Cup Finals. The NHL realigned into a four-division, two-conference system for the\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12882764\",\n \"text\": \"1990 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 5, 1990, following the 1989–90 regular season. The sixteen teams that qualified, from the top four teams of the four divisions, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals. The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. This was the last time that the Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs until 2017. They would make the playoffs for 25 consecutive seasons from 1991 to 2016, excluding 2005, when the season was cancelled. Since entering the NHL as\",\n \"title\": \"1990 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12882761\",\n \"text\": \"1990 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1990 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 5, 1990, following the 1989–90 regular season. The sixteen teams that qualified, from the top four teams of the four divisions, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the division finals. The Conference Champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. This was the last time that the Detroit Red Wings missed the playoffs until 2017. They would make the playoffs for 25 consecutive seasons from 1991 to 2016, excluding 2005, when the season was cancelled. Since entering the NHL as\",\n \"title\": \"1990 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008702\",\n \"text\": \"third place series played each other in a best-of-three series, with the winner earning the other berth to the Stanley Cup Finals. This format had a slight modification the following year, where the semifinal series became a two-game total goals affair and the Stanley Cup Finals became a best-of-five series. The two-game total goals format was abolished in 1937, with those series being changed to best-of-three affairs. The 1930s saw the reduction of teams from ten to seven, and with it an end to the Canadian and American divisions. The Stanley Cup playoffs saw the first- and second-place teams play\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14947170\",\n \"text\": \"three games of the best-of-final. Ottawa won two to Boston's none and the series ended on April 13 with Ottawa the winner. Game one of this series was played in New York. \\\"Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points\\\" 1927 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1927 Stanley Cup playoffs were held from March 29 to April 13, 1927, to determine the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Stanley Cup. In the first Stanley Cup Final with two NHL teams, the Ottawa Senators defeated the Boston Bruins 2–0–2 in a best-of-five series.\",\n \"title\": \"1927 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929495\",\n \"text\": \"1975. 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 16, 1997, following the completion of the 1996–97 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals, semi-finals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Playoffs ended on June 7, with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in a four-game sweep to win their eighth Stanley Cup championship in their history, and their first in 42 years. Red Wings goaltender\",\n \"title\": \"1997 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929486\",\n \"text\": \"1997 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1997 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 16, 1997, following the completion of the 1996–97 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals, semi-finals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Playoffs ended on June 7, with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in a four-game sweep to win their eighth Stanley Cup championship in their history, and their first in 42 years. Red Wings goaltender Mike\",\n \"title\": \"1997 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929525\",\n \"text\": \"1998 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 22, 1998 following the 1997–98 regular season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-7 series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-7 series for the Stanley Cup. The playoffs concluded on June 16 with the Detroit Red Wings winning their second consecutive Stanley Cup championship, defeating the Washington Capitals, who were in their very first Finals, in a four-game sweep. Red Wings captain Steve Yzerman was named playoff MVP,\",\n \"title\": \"1998 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929615\",\n \"text\": \"Canucks were the last Canadian team to play for the Stanley Cup until the Calgary Flames. This was the longest streak that Canadian teams did not qualify for the Finals from 1994–2004 (10 years). Prior to this the longest streak of Canadian teams missing the Finals was just three years. 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1994 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began after the conclusion of the 1993–94 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven game series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships; and then the conference champions\",\n \"title\": \"1994 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7241283\",\n \"text\": \"2006 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 21, 2006, following the 2005–06 regular season. The 16 teams that qualified, seeded one through eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the Conference Quarterfinals. The conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Finals concluded on June 19 with the Carolina Hurricanes winning the Stanley Cup, defeating the Edmonton Oilers in the final series four games to three. Carolina goaltender Cam Ward was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12877492\",\n \"text\": \"1982 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1982 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 7, after the conclusion of the 1981–82 NHL season. The playoffs concluded on May 16 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Vancouver Canucks 3–1 to win the Final series four games to none and win the Stanley Cup. The first round of the 1982 playoffs saw three first-place teams (Edmonton, Minnesota, and Montreal) upset by fourth-place teams, a round which featured what is still the greatest comeback in NHL history: The Kings' 6–5 win over Edmonton in game\",\n \"title\": \"1982 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7843955\",\n \"text\": \"seven games, while Ottawa made their first Finals appearance in their fifteenth season. This was the first Finals series to be played in Ottawa since the original Ottawa Senators won the Stanley Cup in 1927. For the first time since 1999, neither of the two Stanley Cup finalists had previously won the Stanley Cup. The teams did not play each other during this year's regular season. Anaheim became the first team based in the Pacific Time zone in the NHL's modern era to win the Stanley Cup; they also became the first west coast team to win the Stanley Cup\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008704\",\n \"text\": \"played in one semifinal, while the second and fourth-place teams played in the other semifinal, with the semifinal winners advancing to the Stanley Cup Finals. During this time, Detroit Red Wings fans often threw an octopus onto the ice as a good luck charm, as eight wins were required to win the Stanley Cup. The 1967 expansion saw the number of teams double from six to 12 in the 1967–68 season, and with it the creation of the Western and Eastern divisions. The playoff format remained largely the same, with all series remaining best-of-seven, and the division champions battling for\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369558\",\n \"text\": \"Ottawa would play in the Finals until the 2007 Stanley Cup Finals, and the first Stanley Cup Final to have games played in both Canada and the United States. The Stanley Cup Final was originally intended to be a best-of-three series. After the first game was declared a draw, NHL President Calder ruled that the series would go no more than five games, with overtimes limited to 20 minutes. If the teams were tied after five games, the teams would share the championship. In the end, the series went four games because of two ties. These were the last ties\",\n \"title\": \"1927 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9998677\",\n \"text\": \"2000 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 12, 2000, and concluded on June 10. The 16 teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for Conference Quarterfinals, Conference Semifinals and Conference Finals, with each conference champion playing a best-of-seven series in the Stanley Cup Finals for the Stanley Cup. The playoffs ended when the New Jersey Devils defeated the reigning champion Dallas Stars in a six-game series to win their second Stanley Cup title in franchise history. Devils defenseman Scott Stevens was awarded the Conn\",\n \"title\": \"2000 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9998673\",\n \"text\": \"2000 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2000 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 12, 2000, and concluded on June 10. The 16 teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for Conference Quarterfinals, Conference Semifinals and Conference Finals, with each conference champion playing a best-of-seven series in the Stanley Cup Finals for the Stanley Cup. The playoffs ended when the New Jersey Devils defeated the reigning champion Dallas Stars in a six-game series to win their second Stanley Cup title in franchise history. Devils defenseman Scott Stevens was awarded the Conn\",\n \"title\": \"2000 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10602287\",\n \"text\": \"1932 Stanley Cup Finals The 1932 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-five series between the New York Rangers and the Toronto Maple Leafs. Toronto would win the series in three straight to win their first Stanley Cup as the Maple Leafs. Game two was moved from New York to Boston due to a scheduling conflict at Madison Square Garden. It remains the only neutral site Stanley Cup Final game to be played in the United States and the first neutral site Stanley Cup Final game contested by two NHL teams. New York defeated the defending champion Canadiens in a best-of-five\",\n \"title\": \"1932 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10367727\",\n \"text\": \"1995 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1995 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League was played between May 6 and June 24, 1995. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. In the Final, the New Jersey Devils swept the favored Detroit Red Wings in four games to win their first championship. This was the only time Patrick Roy missed the playoffs in his career. His team, the Montreal Canadiens, missed the playoffs for\",\n \"title\": \"1995 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7896163\",\n \"text\": \"2004 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2004 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League began on April 7, 2004, following the 2003–04 regular season. The playoffs ended with the Tampa Bay Lightning winning the Stanley Cup with a seven-game series win over the Calgary Flames on June 7. It was Tampa Bay's first Stanley Cup victory. It was the Flames' third final appearance, as they came this far in and , winning the latter. The 16 qualified teams, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven games for Conference Quarterfinals, Semifinals and Finals. The winner of each conference proceeded to the Stanley\",\n \"title\": \"2004 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008711\",\n \"text\": \"conference semi-final, then a conference final. The conference winners then played each other in the Stanley Cup Finals. Home ice advantage was determined by higher seed in the first three rounds and by regular-season points of the two teams in the Stanley Cup Finals. In 1998–99, the league was re-organized into two conferences of three divisions apiece, resulting in the playoff format used through 2013. The qualifiers remained sixteen, but the seeding changed. The three first-place teams in each division qualified and were seeded first through third for the playoffs. Of the other teams in each conference, the top five\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008701\",\n \"text\": \"playoffs, three from each division, with the division semifinals and finals being a two-game total goals affair, and the Stanley Cup Finals becoming a best-of-five series. In 1928, the playoff format was changed so that the two teams with identical division ranking would face each other (i.e. the division winners played each other, the second place teams play each other, and likewise for the third place teams). The first place series was a best-of-five affair, with the winner proceeding to the best-of-three Stanley Cup Finals, while the others were a two-game total goals series. The winner of the second and\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8185390\",\n \"text\": \"1919 Stanley Cup Finals The 1919 Stanley Cup Finals was the ice hockey play-off series to determine the 1919 Stanley Cup champions that ended with no champion decided, being suspended after five games had been played due to an outbreak of influenza. It was the only time in the history of the Stanley Cup that it was not awarded due to a no-decision after playoffs were held. Hosting the series in Seattle was the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Seattle Metropolitans playing off against the National Hockey League (NHL) champion Montreal Canadiens. Both teams had won two games, lost\",\n \"title\": \"1919 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13310531\",\n \"text\": \"Marc-Andre Fleury made 32 saves in a 2–1 victory. Montreal forward Maxim Lapierre scored the game-winning goal in game six as the Canadiens won their fourth consecutive elimination game of the playoffs. Montreal's Brian Gionta scored twice on the power-play in game seven as the Canadiens eliminated the defending Stanley Cup champions with a 5–2 win. Game seven was the last game ever to be played at Mellon Arena, the Penguins' home rink since the start of the franchise as the Canadiens dethroned the defending Stanley Cup champion Penguins. Incidentally, the Canadiens were the winners of the first game played\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10407858\",\n \"text\": \"2008 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2008 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 9, 2008, after the 2007–08 regular season. The 16 teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Buffalo Sabres became the second team to miss the playoffs after winning the Presidents' Trophy in the prior season. This would not happen again until 2015. The Finals ended on June 4, 2008, with the Detroit Red Wings defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins four games\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12909435\",\n \"text\": \"1967 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1967 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) was the final playoffs before the expansion from six to twelve teams. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the defending champion Montreal Canadiens in six games to win the Stanley Cup. The Leafs squad was the oldest ever to win a Cup final; the average age of the team was well more than 30, and four players were more than 40. Toronto has not won the Cup or been to the Finals since. In the semi-finals, the Chicago Black Hawks who finished in first place played\",\n \"title\": \"1967 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10403669\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Stanley Cup Finals The 1989 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1988–89 season, and the culmination of the 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the Calgary Flames and the Montreal Canadiens, the top two teams during the regular season. It is also the most recent time that the Finals series was played entirely in Canada, and was the second time in the decade that the Canadiens and Flames met in the Finals. The Flames defeated the Canadiens in six games to win their first, and as of 2018, only Stanley\",\n \"title\": \"1989 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11874657\",\n \"text\": \"coach in NHL history to lose game seven of a Stanley Cup Final with two different teams. Mike Keenan, the other to coach in two Finals game sevens with two different teams, had avoided the distinction by winning the second Finals game seven he coached. He was with the Philadelphia Flyers in when they lost to the Edmonton Oilers, and was with the New York Rangers when they won the Cup in . This was the last Stanley Cup Final played at both Mellon Arena and Joe Louis Arena, which was closed after the following season and the 2016–17 season,\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13341023\",\n \"text\": \"a championship in each of the four major professional sports since 1985. It also vaulted Toews into the Triple Gold Club, having won the Olympic Gold medal in Vancouver earlier in 2010 and an IIHF World Championship Gold medal in 2007. Toews and defencemen Duncan Keith and Brent Seabrook also became the fourth, fifth, and sixth players to win Olympic Gold and the Stanley Cup in the same year. With Chicago's win, the Toronto Maple Leafs are now the only Original Six team to not win the Stanley Cup or play in the Finals since the 1967 expansion; their most\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13341005\",\n \"text\": \"Chicago's preseason acquisition from Detroit, Tomas Kopecky, was also playing in his third straight Stanley Cup Final. The Philadelphia Flyers earned the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference playoffs after finishing the regular season with 88 points, and winning the tiebreaker over the Montreal Canadiens, having more wins (41 to 39). The Flyers were the last team to qualify for the 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs. Their Cinderella march to the Final began on the final day of the regular season when they met the New York Rangers in a winner-take-all match-up for the final playoff spot. Philadelphia defeated their Atlantic\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369565\",\n \"text\": \"Hooley Smith became the fourth player to have won Olympic gold and the Stanley Cup. Smith had won the gold medal at the 1924 Olympics with the Toronto Granites. 1927 Stanley Cup Finals The 1927 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the Ottawa Senators and the Boston Bruins. It was the first time the Cup was solely contested by National Hockey League teams, owing to the demise of the Western Hockey League the previous year. It was won by the Ottawa Senators, coached by Dave Gill, over the Boston Bruins, coached by Art Ross. This was the Senators' fourth win\",\n \"title\": \"1927 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8185400\",\n \"text\": \"and thus nothing was engraved onto the trophy. However, when the Cup was redesigned in 1948 and a new collar was added to include those teams that did not engrave their names on the trophy themselves, the following was added: 1919<br>Montreal Canadiens<br>Seattle Metropolitans<br>Series Not Completed Sources: † Morris did not play in the series due to his arrest for draft evasion. ‡ Played rover position. Sources: 1919 Stanley Cup Finals The 1919 Stanley Cup Finals was the ice hockey play-off series to determine the 1919 Stanley Cup champions that ended with no champion decided, being suspended after five games had\",\n \"title\": \"1919 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13341002\",\n \"text\": \"same year. Having played for Team USA at the Olympics, Patrick Kane joined Chris Chelios and Brett Hull (both 2002) as having won both the Olympic Silver medal and Stanley Cup in the same year. Jonathan Toews also became the 24th player and the seventh Canadian to become a member of the Triple Gold Club having won an Olympic Gold Medal, an IIHF World Championship Gold Medal, and the Stanley Cup. This was the third straight Final in which the Western Conference team was an Original Six team that won the Central Division and the Eastern Conference team was an\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15690114\",\n \"text\": \"vs. Detroit Red Wings Montreal Canadiens vs. Toronto Maple Leafs \\\"Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points\\\" 1951 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1951 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began with four teams on March 28, 1951. It concluded on April 21, with the Toronto Maple Leafs defeating the Montreal Canadiens to win the Stanley Cup. \\\"All dates in 1951\\\" The second seed Toronto Maple Leafs eliminated the fourth seed Boston Bruins in five games, and the third seed Montreal Canadiens upset first overall Detroit Red Wings in\",\n \"title\": \"1951 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10381944\",\n \"text\": \"1929 Stanley Cup Finals The 1929 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the defending champion New York Rangers and the Boston Bruins. This was the first time in Stanley Cup history that two American-based teams met in the Final. Boston won the series to win its first championship. The playoffs were now between division finishers of each division, rather than a division champion from each division. The Boston Bruins knocked off the Montreal Canadiens, the New York Rangers beat the New York Americans, and the Toronto Maple Leafs beat the Detroit Cougars. The Rangers beat Toronto and then the Bruins\",\n \"title\": \"1929 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12834306\",\n \"text\": \"when they were known as the Carolina Hurricanes. This was the final playoff series played by the Minnesota North Stars. The next time that the Stars franchise made the playoffs was in 1994 when they were known as the Dallas Stars. This was the first playoff series between these two teams. 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1992 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 18, after the conclusion of the 1991–92 NHL season. It was the 100th anniversary of the first awarding of the Stanley Cup, and it was won by the Pittsburgh\",\n \"title\": \"1992 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12831608\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander Mogilny suffered a badly broken leg, ending what had been a tremendous campaign of 76 goals in 77 regular season games followed by seven goals in seven playoff games. As in their previous series, Montreal played three overtime games, this time winning all three of them. This was the first playoff series between the teams since the 1991 Adams Division Semifinals. The Islanders upset the two-time defending Stanley Cup champions. David Volek's overtime goal in game seven was the deciding goal as New York rallied from a 3-2 deficit to defeat the Penguins. Islanders defenceman Darius Kasparaitis played a\",\n \"title\": \"1993 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8064091\",\n \"text\": \"retirement after the deciding game of the series. The Phoenix Coyotes would play their last playoff games at America West Arena and would miss the playoffs until 2010, when they played in Glendale. The 16 teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals, semifinals and championships, and then the conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. A record 25 shutouts were recorded in the 2002 Playoffs and, for the first time since 1991, not a single team was swept in a playoff series. This is the last time that all three Eastern\",\n \"title\": \"2002 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8016186\",\n \"text\": \"2003 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2003 Stanley Cup playoffs, the National Hockey League (NHL) championship, began on April 9, 2003, following the 2002–03 regular season. The playoffs concluded on June 9, 2003, with the New Jersey Devils defeating the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in seven games. The 16 qualifying teams played best-of-seven series in the conference quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals. Each conference champion proceeded to the Stanley Cup Finals. These playoffs marked the first time the Minnesota Wild qualified, in only their third season in the NHL. The Minnesota Wild, a sixth-seed, made an unlikely advance to the Western Conference\",\n \"title\": \"2003 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17334351\",\n \"text\": \"score. The Kings clinched their second Stanley Cup in franchise history, their first since 2012, by defeating the Rangers 3–2 on home ice. This was the first Stanley Cup–clinching game since 2010 to be determined in overtime, and the first time that the home team had the overtime Stanley Cup winner since 1980. The Kings played 26 playoff games on their road to the trophy, more than any previous Stanley Cup–winning team. The Kings grabbed the lead in the first period with an even-strength goal by Justin Williams. In the second, Chris Kreider converted on a Rangers power play before\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14947168\",\n \"text\": \"1927 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1927 Stanley Cup playoffs were held from March 29 to April 13, 1927, to determine the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Stanley Cup. In the first Stanley Cup Final with two NHL teams, the Ottawa Senators defeated the Boston Bruins 2–0–2 in a best-of-five series. With the collapse of the Western Hockey League, the Stanley Cup became the championship trophy of the NHL. The NHL teams now battled out amongst themselves for the coveted Cup. The new division alignment and the new playoff format also meant that an American team was\",\n \"title\": \"1927 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13036413\",\n \"text\": \"the Final series four games to two and win the Stanley Cup. It was the Islanders' first Stanley Cup win and was the first of four consecutive Stanley Cup wins. With the league expansion from 17 to 21 teams, the playoffs were also expanded, from a 12-team tournament to a 16-team tournament. The sixteen teams were composed of the four divisional champions plus the top 12 finishers of the remaining 17 teams. The 16 qualifying teams were then seeded based on regular season points, with divisional rankings ignored. Division leaders no longer received first round byes. The teams were seeded\",\n \"title\": \"1980 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10401041\",\n \"text\": \"a best of three series. The Canadiens had lost all four of their regular-season meetings with the Bruins. Captain Sylvio Mantha was the leader, scoring in both final games. Game one saw the Bruins play way below their usual form and George Hainsworth picked up a shutout. In game two, Howie Morenz scored what proved to be the winning goal at 17:50 of the second period and the Canadiens won the Stanley Cup. It was the first time all year that the Bruins lost two games in a row. 1930 Stanley Cup Finals The 1930 Stanley Cup Finals was played\",\n \"title\": \"1930 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14519950\",\n \"text\": \"2010 A Championship Cup The 2010 A Championship Cup was a one-off cup competition featuring teams that played in the 2010 A Championship. It was also referred to as the Newstalk Cup for sponsorship reasons. It was won by Sporting Fingal A, who defeated Bohemians A in the final. There were eighteen participating clubs in the 2010 Newstalk Cup; they were divided into four groups - five teams in Pool 2 and Pool 3 and four teams in Pool 1 and Pool 4. All the teams played each other once and the group winners then advanced to the semi-finals. Teams\",\n \"title\": \"2010 A Championship Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12877495\",\n \"text\": \"series to determine the division playoff champions. The Adams and Patrick winners would meet in the Wales Conference Final, while the Norris and Smythe winners played in the Campbell Conference Final. The two Conference Champions played for the Stanley Cup. With the exception of extending the first round to a best-of-seven in 1987, this format remained in place through the 1993 playoffs. The following teams qualified for the playoffs: John Tonelli scored the game-tying goal late in the third period and game-winning overtime goal in the decisive Game 5 to lift the Islanders over the Penguins. In the Stanley Cup\",\n \"title\": \"1982 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008691\",\n \"text\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs The Stanley Cup playoffs () is an elimination tournament in the National Hockey League consisting of four rounds of best-of-seven series. Eight teams from each of the two conferences qualify for the playoffs based on regular season points totals. The final round is commonly known as the Stanley Cup Finals, which sees the two conference champions play for the Stanley Cup. The NHL has always used a playoff tournament to determine its champion. Its playoff system has changed over the years, from the league's inception in 1917 when ownership of the Stanley Cup was shared between different\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7843956\",\n \"text\": \"since the Victoria Cougars in 1925. These are the top five goaltenders based on either goals against average or save percentage with at least four games played. Detroit Red Wings defenseman Chris Chelios made his 22nd post-season appearance, breaking the record for most post-season appearances. The New York Rangers set a new post-season franchise record that year by defeating the Atlanta Thrashers 7–0 on April 17. 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 11, 2007. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarterfinals,\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8202602\",\n \"text\": \"be the last team based west of Chicago to win the Cup until the Edmonton Oilers won the trophy in 1984. These were also the last Stanley Cup Final games to be played in Western Canada until the Vancouver Canucks qualified for the 1982 Final. Games one, three and four were held in Victoria. Game two, held in Vancouver, was the last neutral site game in Stanley Cup Final history that did not involve the New York Rangers. Prior to the season, the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) folded and two of its teams, the Cougars and the Vancouver Maroons\",\n \"title\": \"1925 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13018802\",\n \"text\": \"points in a period (4). This was the second and most recent series between these two teams, with the only previous meeting being the 1986 Stanley Cup Finals where Montreal defeated Calgary in five games. This was the Flames second appearance in the Finals, while Montreal was making their thirty-third appearance in the Finals. Calgary was trying to win their first Stanley Cup in franchise history, while Montreal last won the Stanley Cup in 1986. The Stanley Cup Finals was decided between the two teams with the best records of the 1988–89 NHL regular season. Co-captain Lanny McDonald scored the\",\n \"title\": \"1989 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12831617\",\n \"text\": \"the first playoff series between the teams since the 1978 Preliminary Round. This was the first and to date only playoff series between these two teams. The Canadiens had not won a Stanley Cup since 1986. This was the thirty-fourth and most recent Finals appearance for Montreal, while Los Angeles made their first ever appearance in the Finals. This was Wayne Gretzky's only appearance in the Finals with the Kings, and the last in his career. Patrick Roy won the MVP award of this Stanley Cup final. 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1993 Stanley Cup playoffs the championship of the\",\n \"title\": \"1993 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10600682\",\n \"text\": \"1968 Stanley Cup Finals The 1968 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series between the Montreal Canadiens and the St. Louis Blues. The Canadiens would sweep the series in four straight games, in the first Stanley Cup series after the NHL expansion to twelve teams. Although the series was a sweep, it was a much more intense and close-fought series than anyone had expected, as each of the four games was decided by one goal. This was the first Stanley Cup championship after the 1967 NHL expansion. All of the new teams were placed in the West Division, all the\",\n \"title\": \"1968 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13018796\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 5, after the conclusion of the 1988–89 NHL season. This was the final year that all of the Division Semifinals began with teams playing the first four games in a span of five days. The playoffs concluded on May 25 with the champion Calgary Flames defeating the Montreal Canadiens 4–2 to win the Stanley Cup Final series four games to two. The 1989 Stanley Cup playoffs featured two Canadian hockey teams, the Montreal Canadiens and the Calgary Flames. Montreal finished\",\n \"title\": \"1989 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18219751\",\n \"text\": \"Since that championship, the rings weren't given again until the Ottawa Senators won the 1927 Stanley Cup Finals. The rings are still given to the Stanley Cup champions. There have been cases in which championship teams have not awarded rings to its players, such as the Montreal Hockey Club's second championship (which gave out watches) and the 1915 champions, the Vancouver Millionaires (which issued medallions). For many years teams did not give any rings at all and players had to buy them for themselves. In the 1950s The Detroit Red Wings won the Stanley Cup four times, but players were\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup ring\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10369557\",\n \"text\": \"1927 Stanley Cup Finals The 1927 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the Ottawa Senators and the Boston Bruins. It was the first time the Cup was solely contested by National Hockey League teams, owing to the demise of the Western Hockey League the previous year. It was won by the Ottawa Senators, coached by Dave Gill, over the Boston Bruins, coached by Art Ross. This was the Senators' fourth win since 1920, and eleventh overall, but it marked the end of the dynasty. The original Senators would not win another. It would be the last time a team from\",\n \"title\": \"1927 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12879582\",\n \"text\": \"placed in the new Eastern Division, and all of the new teams placed in the new Western Division. Each division contributed four playoff teams. Division teams then played off to produce a divisional champion, and the two divisional champions played off in the Final to win the Stanley Cup. The imbalance between the new teams and old was readily apparent in the standings. All four of the East Division teams had a better record than the top team in the West. The Canadiens drew the third-place Boston Bruins in the first round. The Bruins, making their first appearance in the\",\n \"title\": \"1968 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15939153\",\n \"text\": \"2010 Varsity Cup The 2010 Varsity Cup was contested from 1 February to 29 March 2010. The tournament (also known as the \\\"FNB Varsity Cup presented by Steinhoff International\\\" for sponsorship reasons) was the third season of the Varsity Cup, an annual inter-university rugby union competition featuring eight South African universities. The tournament was won by for the third consecutive season; they beat 17-14 in the final played on 29 March 2010. There were eight participating universities in the 2010 Varsity Cup. These teams played each other once over the course of the season, either home or away. Teams received\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Varsity Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13080526\",\n \"text\": \"series between these two teams, with Buffalo sweeping the only previous meeting in two games in the 1977 Stanley Cup Preliminary Round. Minnesota won the season series earning five of eight points in this year's four-game regular season series. This was the second and most recent playoff series between these two teams, with Philadelphia sweeping the Atlanta Flames in their only previous meeting in four games in the 1974 Stanley Cup Quarterfinals. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. This was the third playoff series between these two rivals. They last met in the 1979 Stanley Cup Semifinals\",\n \"title\": \"1981 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008725\",\n \"text\": \"to a two-game total-goal series and didn't change back for five years. The next year all series became best-of's and two years after, in 1939, the league ended the divisional format when the Montreal Maroons suspended operations, leaving the league with only 7 teams. Instead, the top two finishers played one another in a best-of-seven semifinal round while the other four playoff teams played best-of-three series to decide the second finalist. The same year the Stanley Cup finals shifted to a best-of-seven series where it has remained ever since (as of 2018). With only six teams in the league the\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12879581\",\n \"text\": \"1968 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1968 Stanley Cup playoffs, to decide the 1968 championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) was the first after the expansion from six to twelve teams. The playoff system was thus expanded from a four-team to a eight-team tournament, and was designed so that four of the new expansion teams would qualify for the postseason. The defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs did not qualify and a new champion would be crowned. The Montreal Canadiens would defeat the St. Louis Blues in four straight to win the Stanley Cup. All of the 'Original Six' teams were\",\n \"title\": \"1968 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11929547\",\n \"text\": \"goals. Joe Sakic scored for Colorado with a goal at 13:58 of the third period. Dallas hung on and won the game 4–1 and the series four games to three. With the win the Stars advanced to the Cup Finals for the first time since 1991 when they were the Minnesota North Stars. 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL), began on April 21, 1999, following the 1998–99 NHL season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series for conference quarter-finals, semi-finals and championships, and then\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"759281\",\n \"text\": \"to England on July 15. In April of that year, his elder brother Edward Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby died, and Stanley succeeded him as the 16th Earl of Derby. During the challenge cup period, none of the leagues that played for the trophy had a formal playoff system to decide their respective champions; whichever team finished in first place after the regular season won the league title. However, in 1894, four teams out of the five-team AHAC tied for the championship with records of 5–3–0. The AHAC had no tie-breaking system. After extensive negotiations and Quebec's withdrawal from the\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13018794\",\n \"text\": \"1979 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 10, after the conclusion of the 1978–79 NHL season. The playoffs concluded on May 21 with the champion Montreal Canadiens defeating the New York Rangers 4–1 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup. Three Original Six teams made the semifinals which would not happen again until the 2014 Conference Finals. The twelve teams that qualified for the playoffs are ranked 1–12 based on regular season points. \\\"Note: Only teams that qualified for the\",\n \"title\": \"1979 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12910817\",\n \"text\": \"2009 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League began on April 15, 2009, after the 2008–09 regular season. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference (the winner of each of the three divisions plus the five teams with highest point totals from the teams remaining), play a best-of-seven series for the conference quarterfinals, semifinals, and championships, and then the conference champions will play a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup. The Columbus Blue Jackets made their first appearance in the playoffs in their nine-year history. Previously they had been the only franchise\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13080527\",\n \"text\": \"where the Rangers won in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. This was the first and to date only playoff series between these two teams. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1981 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 8, after the conclusion of the 1980–81 NHL season. The playoffs concluded on May 21 with the champion New York Islanders defeating the Minnesota North Stars 5–1 to win the Final series four games to one and win the Stanley Cup.\",\n \"title\": \"1981 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008721\",\n \"text\": \"are many traditions and anecdotes associated with the championship trophy, the Stanley Cup. Because the Ice Hockey World Championships are held in the same time period as the Stanley Cup playoffs, the only NHL players who can participate in the former are those on NHL teams that have been eliminated from Stanley Cup contention. This policy has been in place since a 1977 agreement between the NHL and the International Ice Hockey Federation, which allowed Team Canada to field a team in the World Championships after an-eight year absence. \\\"Correct as of 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs\\\" Prior to 1927 the\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10008731\",\n \"text\": \"playoffs were concerned, the league has also a 32nd team in Seattle for the 2021–22 season. Stanley Cup playoffs The Stanley Cup playoffs () is an elimination tournament in the National Hockey League consisting of four rounds of best-of-seven series. Eight teams from each of the two conferences qualify for the playoffs based on regular season points totals. The final round is commonly known as the Stanley Cup Finals, which sees the two conference champions play for the Stanley Cup. The NHL has always used a playoff tournament to determine its champion. Its playoff system has changed over the years,\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16378125\",\n \"text\": \"of the playoffs. Due to a lockout that both shortened and delayed the start of the regular season, the 2013 Cup Finals began on June 12, and lasted until June 24–tying the lockout impacted for the latest in June that the Stanley Cup was awarded. This was the first Stanley Cup Final series between two Original Six teams since , and the seventh since its first expansion in 1967. It also marked the first time these two teams have met in the Stanley Cup Final. In game six of the finals, trailing the Boston Bruins 2–1 with 76 seconds left\",\n \"title\": \"2013 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10377612\",\n \"text\": \"the 1996 Playoffs. It was Colorado's first appearance in the Final, in only their first season in Denver since moving from Quebec City (where they had formerly played as the Nordiques) in 1995. It was also Florida's first appearance in the Final, in only the franchise's third season since entering the NHL in 1993. Only four other teams have made their first Stanley Cup Final appearance faster: the Toronto Arenas winning the Stanley Cup in the NHL inaugural season in , the St. Louis Blues in their debut season in (they lost the Finals to the Montreal Canadiens), the Vegas\",\n \"title\": \"1996 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17334333\",\n \"text\": \"of 26 playoff games was the longest of any Stanley Cup–winning team in history. Los Angeles had home ice advantage in the series, as the Kings finished with a better regular season record than the Rangers. The series started on June 4 and ended on June 13 with the Kings winning their second Stanley Cup in three seasons. It was the first meeting between teams from New York City and Los Angeles for a major professional sports championship since the Yankees and the Dodgers played in the 1981 World Series. Coincidentally, 1981 was also the last time the Rangers and\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10600674\",\n \"text\": \"1969 Stanley Cup Finals The 1969 Stanley Cup Finals was a best-of-seven series played from April 27 to May 4, 1969, between the defending champions Montreal Canadiens and the St. Louis Blues, the same finalists as in . As they had done the previous year, the Canadiens would win the series in four straight games. Montreal defeated the New York Rangers 4–0 and the Boston Bruins 4–2 to advance to the finals. St. Louis defeated the Philadelphia Flyers and Los Angeles Kings in four games each. This was the second playoff series between these two teams. Their only previous meeting\",\n \"title\": \"1969 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"759273\",\n \"text\": \"Grail, or facetiously (chiefly by sportswriters) as Lord Stanley's Mug. The Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 101 times by 18 active NHL teams and five defunct teams. It was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. During the challenge cup era from 1893 to 1914, the Cup was held by nine different teams.\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10047027\",\n \"text\": \"speed and higher-scoring offence, although both teams played a similar style of responsible team defence. Anaheim had home ice advantage for the series, as they finished the regular season with 110 points to Ottawa's 105. The attention leading into the finals was Ottawa being \\\"Canada's Team\\\" despite Anaheim having five more Canadian skaters than the Senators. Many fans were saying that the Stanley Cup needed to be brought back to Canada after a 14-year drought (up to that point, the last Canadian team to hoist the Stanley Cup was the 1993 Montreal Canadiens, who defeated the Los Angeles Kings). Only\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10600618\",\n \"text\": \"1979 Stanley Cup Finals The 1979 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1978–79 season, and the culmination of the 1979 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the New York Rangers and the defending champion Montreal Canadiens, making their fourth straight appearance. It was New York's first appearance in the Finals since . The Canadiens would win the best-of-seven series, four games to one, to win their fourth consecutive Stanley Cup championship. This was the last Stanley Cup Final until 2013 where both teams were from the Original Six, and the first of\",\n \"title\": \"1979 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10367919\",\n \"text\": \"In Pittsburgh, KBL televised games one, two and five while KDKA aired games three, four, and six. 1991 Stanley Cup Finals The 1991 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1990–91 season, and the culmination of the 1991 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Minnesota North Stars. It was the Penguins' first Final series appearance and their first Stanley Cup victory. This is the first and only (through 2018) Stanley Cup Final to feature two teams from the expansion group of 1967. It was Minnesota's second Final series\",\n \"title\": \"1991 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"759287\",\n \"text\": \"1912, challenges could take place at any time or place, given the appropriate rink conditions, and it was common for teams to defend the Cup numerous times during the year. In 1912, Cup trustees declared that it was to be defended only at the end of the champion team's regular season. In 1914, the Victoria Aristocrats from the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) challenged the NHA and Cup champion Toronto Blueshirts. A controversy erupted when a letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did\",\n \"title\": \"Stanley Cup\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15678226\",\n \"text\": \"0\\\" \\\"Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points\\\" 1960 Stanley Cup playoffs The 1960 Stanley Cup playoffs was the tournament to determine the 1960 Stanley Cup professional ice hockey championship of the National Hockey League (NHL) The momentum did not stop for the regular-season champion Montreal Canadiens as they played the minimum number of games to win the Stanley Cup. Montreal, in the process, became the last Cup winners in NHL history to go undefeated in the playoffs to date. After winning the Stanley Cup, Maurice Richard retired from the NHL as a\",\n \"title\": \"1960 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10381945\",\n \"text\": \"won their first Stanley Cup defeating the Rangers. In the process, Boston became one of the few Cup winners in history to not lose a single game in the playoffs, and the last team until 1952 to win every playoff game they had. The Stanley Cup final was a best of three series. Goalie Cecil \\\"\\\"Tiny\\\"\\\" Thompson backstopped the Bruins to consecutive wins, and posted the third Stanley Cup shutout for a rookie. game two was played at Madison Square Garden. 1929 Stanley Cup Finals The 1929 Stanley Cup Finals was played by the defending champion New York Rangers and\",\n \"title\": \"1929 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8188175\",\n \"text\": \"1917 Stanley Cup Finals The 1917 Stanley Cup Finals was contested by the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) champion Seattle Metropolitans and the National Hockey Association (NHA) and Stanley Cup defending champion Montreal Canadiens. Seattle defeated Montreal three games to one in a best-of-five game series to become the first United States-based team to win the Cup. It was also the first Stanley Cup Final to be played in the United States, as all games were played in Seattle, and the last Stanley Cup final to not feature a National Hockey League team. Seattle won the PCHA title after finishing\",\n \"title\": \"1917 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10367914\",\n \"text\": \"1991 Stanley Cup Finals The 1991 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1990–91 season, and the culmination of the 1991 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested by the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Minnesota North Stars. It was the Penguins' first Final series appearance and their first Stanley Cup victory. This is the first and only (through 2018) Stanley Cup Final to feature two teams from the expansion group of 1967. It was Minnesota's second Final series appearance, and their last before the franchise's relocation to Dallas two years later. It was also the\",\n \"title\": \"1991 Stanley Cup Finals\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18828236\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 13, 2016 and ended on June 12, 2016, with the Pittsburgh Penguins defeating the San Jose Sharks four games to two in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals. For only the second time in league history (1970 being the only other time), none of the NHL's Canadian-based teams, seven in total, qualified for the postseason. In addition, for the second season in a row and only the fifth time since joining the league in 1979, all four former WHA teams (the Edmonton Oilers,\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["chicago blackhawks"],"string":"[\n \"chicago blackhawks\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":893,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what colony is john adams from?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"14396055","text":"John Adams Sr. John Adams Sr. (February 8, 1691 – May 25, 1761) was a British colonial farmer and minister. He was the father of the second U.S. President, John Adams Jr., and grandfather of the sixth President, John Quincy Adams. He was the son of Joseph Adams Jr. (1654–1737), the grandson of Joseph Adams Sr. (1626-1694), and the great-grandson of Henry Adams, who emigrated from Braintree, Essex, in England to Massachusetts Bay Colony in about 1638. He was also descended from John and Priscilla Alden. Adams worked as a farmer and cobbler (also called a cord-wainer or shoemaker) for","title":"John Adams Sr."}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14396055\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams Sr. John Adams Sr. (February 8, 1691 – May 25, 1761) was a British colonial farmer and minister. He was the father of the second U.S. President, John Adams Jr., and grandfather of the sixth President, John Quincy Adams. He was the son of Joseph Adams Jr. (1654–1737), the grandson of Joseph Adams Sr. (1626-1694), and the great-grandson of Henry Adams, who emigrated from Braintree, Essex, in England to Massachusetts Bay Colony in about 1638. He was also descended from John and Priscilla Alden. Adams worked as a farmer and cobbler (also called a cord-wainer or shoemaker) for\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams Sr.\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"9989271","text":"McCullough, \"Popular symbolism has not been very generous toward Adams. There is no memorial, no statue ... in his honor in our nation's capital, and to me that is absolutely inexcusable. It's long past time when we should recognize what he did, and who he was.\" John Adams John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, its first Vice President (1789–1797) and second President (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"9989138","text":"a conciliatory policy towards the British or felt that the colonies had a duty to remain loyal to Britain, although his views at the time did align with those of conservative John Dickinson. Adams sought the repeal of objectionable policies, but at this early stage he continued to see benefits for maintaining America's status as a British colony. He renewed his push for the right to a jury trial. He complained of what he considered the pretentiousness of the other delegates, writing to Abigail, \"I believe if it was moved and seconded that We should come to a Resolution that","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"11143244","text":"While overseas, he spends time with Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson and Abigail visits him. Franklin informs John Adams that he was appointed as the first American Ambassador to Great Britain and thus has to relocate to London. John Adams is poorly received by the British during this time—he is the representative for a recently hostile power, and represents in his person what many British at the time regarded as a disastrous end to its early Empire. He meets with his former sovereign, George III, and while the meeting is not a disaster, he is excoriated in British newspapers. In","title":"John Adams (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"8826639","text":"as Baron Adams, of Ennerdale in the County of Cumberland. He retired in 1959, and died in 1960. He is buried in Arlecdon churchyard. The Adams Recreation Ground at St Bees was created in his memory. Lord Adams married Agnes Jane Birney in 1914. They had one son, Thomas Adams (b. 1923), who died in infancy. As Lord Adams had no surviving male issue the title became extinct upon his death on 23 August 1960. John Adams, 1st Baron Adams John Jackson Adams, 1st Baron Adams OBE, JP, MA (12 October 1890 – 23 August 1960), often known as Jack","title":"John Adams, 1st Baron Adams"},{"psg_id":"9989269","text":"separations from his wife and children. He praises Adams for his willingness to acknowledge his deficiencies and for striving to overcome them. In 1995, Peter Shaw published \"The Character of John Adams.\" Ferling believes that the man who emerges is one \"perpetually at war with himself,\" whose desire for fame and recognition leads to charges of vanity. In 2001, David McCullough published a biography of the president entitled \"John Adams\". McCullough lauds Adams for consistency and honesty, \"plays down or explains away\" his more controversial actions, such as the dispute over presidential titles and the predawn flight from the White","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"9989157","text":"French frigate \"Sensible\" – accompanied by John Quincy and 9-year-old son Charles. Constant disagreement between Lee and Franklin eventually resulted in Adams assuming the role of tie-breaker in almost all votes on commission business. He increased his usefulness by mastering the French language. Lee was eventually recalled. Adams closely supervised his sons' education while writing to Abigail about once every ten days. In contrast to Franklin, Adams viewed the Franco-American alliance pessimistically. The French, he believed, were involved for their own self-interest, and he grew frustrated by what he saw as their sluggishness in providing substantial aid to the Revolution.","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"16918104","text":"despondency over his brother George's alcoholism and 1829 suicide led to John's own descent into alcoholism. He died in Washington, D.C. on October 23, 1834 and is buried in Quincy's Hancock Cemetery. Mary Hellen Adams continued to reside with John Quincy and Louisa Adams and helped care for them in their old age. She died in Bethlehem, New Hampshire on August 31, 1870. John Adams II John Adams II (July 4, 1803 – October 23, 1834) was an American government functionary and businessman. The second son of President John Quincy Adams and Louisa Adams, he is usually called John Adams","title":"John Adams II"},{"psg_id":"7728605","text":"in a number of popular movies: Martin Scorsese's \"Goodfellas\" (1990), during the \"May 11, 1980\" sequence; Tom Shadyac's \"Patch Adams\" (1998); and, more recently, Sam Mendes' \"Away We Go\" (2009). In late 2012, \"What Is Life\" was used in advance promotion for the film \"This Is 40\", directed by Judd Apatow, although it was omitted from the accompanying soundtrack album. According to \"Rolling Stone\": \"Today, many people know it merely as a song from all those soundtracks: it's in \"This Is 40\", \"Patch Adams\", \"Goodfellas\" and many more. It's almost as ubiquitous as 'Let My Love Open the Door' or","title":"What Is Life"},{"psg_id":"8695917","text":"was a member of the Yale Corporation from 1917 to 1934, and was acting president of Yale University from 1919 to 1920. A great-grandson of John Adams's was William Adams Delano. John Adams (educator) John Adams (September 18, 1772 – April 24, 1863) was an American educator noted for organizing several hundred Sunday schools. His life was celebrated by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. in his poem, \"The School Boy\", which was read at the centennial celebration of Phillips Academy in 1878, thus recalls him: John Adams was born in 1772 at Canterbury, Connecticut, to Captain John Adams, a farmer","title":"John Adams (educator)"},{"psg_id":"11143235","text":"John Adams (miniseries) John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U.S. President John Adams's political life and his role in the founding of the United States. Paul Giamatti portrays John Adams. The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper. Kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the book \"John Adams\" by David McCullough. The biopic of John Adams and the story of the first 50 years of the United States was broadcast in seven parts by HBO between March 16 and April 20, 2008. \"John Adams\" received widespread critical acclaim and many prestigious awards. The show won","title":"John Adams (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"1488804","text":"George Adams in 1804. John Adams' grave on Pitcairn is the only known grave site of a \"Bounty\" mutineer. It has a replacement headstone, the original lead-covered wooden grave marker having been taken back to Britain where it is now on display in the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London. The main settlement and capital of Pitcairn, Adamstown, is named for John Adams. John Adams (mutineer) John Adams, known as Jack Adams (4 December 1767 – 5 March 1829), was the last survivor of the HMS \"Bounty\" mutineers who settled on Pitcairn Island in January 1790, the year after the","title":"John Adams (mutineer)"},{"psg_id":"212633","text":"have often included Adams among the leading conservatives of his day. Russell Kirk, however, sees Adams as a flawed conservative who was imprudent in opposing slavery. John Quincy Adams Birthplace is now part of Adams National Historical Park and open to the public. Adams House, one of twelve undergraduate residential Houses at Harvard University, is named in honor of John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and other members of the Adams family who were associated with Harvard. In 1870, Charles Francis built the first presidential library in the United States, to honor his father. The Stone Library includes over 14,000 books","title":"John Quincy Adams"},{"psg_id":"8047112","text":"occupation which was discovering and trading in Chinese antiquities. There is an oral tradition among his descendants that John Adams was a related to the presidential Adams family. However, no evidence has been found to substantiate this claim. John Adams and family remain united in death. Their tombstones are arranged in a circle, around a large Adams Family obelisk, located in the Pittsburgh, Southside Cemetery. John Adams (glassmaker) John Adams, pioneer American glass manufacturer, and the founder of Adams Glass was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania in 1823. He began working in glass manufacture at the age of 14. He","title":"John Adams (glassmaker)"},{"psg_id":"14320785","text":"John Adams (Canadian general) John Lawrence Adams, , (born May 31, 1942) was the Chief of the Communications Security Establishment Canada and Associate Deputy Minister of National Defence from July 2005 to January 2012. He was succeeded by John Forster. Adams graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada, earning a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Chemical Engineering in 1965. Adams is also a Rhodes Scholar after graduating, in 1967, with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Oxford University, in England, in 1967. He also graduated from the Army Staff College as well as the National Defence College. Adams joined","title":"John Adams (Canadian general)"},{"psg_id":"8695910","text":"John Adams (educator) John Adams (September 18, 1772 – April 24, 1863) was an American educator noted for organizing several hundred Sunday schools. His life was celebrated by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. in his poem, \"The School Boy\", which was read at the centennial celebration of Phillips Academy in 1878, thus recalls him: John Adams was born in 1772 at Canterbury, Connecticut, to Captain John Adams, a farmer of Canterbury and an officer in the American Revolutionary War and Mary Parker, the daughter of Dea. Joshua Parker and Jemima Davenport. He graduated from Yale University in 1795. John Adams","title":"John Adams (educator)"},{"psg_id":"5740419","text":"Historical Park, and are operated by the National Park Service. The elder Adams' later mansion, called Peacefield, is a few miles away, as are the graves of both presidents and their wives in the United First Parish Church. The Abigail Adams Cairn, atop a nearby hill from which Abigail and the 7-year old John Quincy Adams watched the Battle of Bunker Hill and the burning of Charlestown, is also of interest. All are open to the public. The home was prominently portrayed during the first few episodes of \"John Adams\", a 2008 American miniseries. John Quincy Adams Birthplace The John","title":"John Quincy Adams Birthplace"},{"psg_id":"10698687","text":"John Adams (drummer) John Adams (born October 9, 1951) is a dedicated fan of the Cleveland Indians, a Major League Baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. Adams has played his bass drum in the bleacher seats during nearly every Indians home game since 1973, which has brought him notoriety and recognition from the Indians and other organizations. The Indians pay for two season tickets for Adams and his drum, he has been involved in two ceremonial first pitches, and he is the only fan for whom the Indians have dedicated a bobblehead day. Adams first drummed at an Indians game","title":"John Adams (drummer)"},{"psg_id":"10453030","text":"Keith John Adams Keith John Adams is a British singer-songwriter. He makes garage pop music on his own and with a number of revolving collaborators, some from the UK and some from the US. His band of 2015 is Keith John Adams and The Wildlife, a trio with Matt Armstrong on double-bass and Mark Braby on stand-up drums. He has released four solo albums: \"Sunshine Loft\" (2003), \"Pip\" (2005) \"Unclever\" (2007) and \"Roughhousing\" (2014). \"Roughhousing\" was released on vinyl as a co-release on 4 labels, Vacilando '68 in the UK, Red Wig in Germany, PIAPTK and Gray Sky Press from","title":"Keith John Adams"},{"psg_id":"3798357","text":"John Bodkin Adams John Bodkin Adams (21 January 1899 – 4 July 1983) was a British general practitioner, convicted fraudster and suspected serial killer. Between 1946 and 1956, more than 160 of his patients died in suspicious circumstances. Of these, 132 left him money or items in their wills. He was tried and acquitted for the murder of one patient in 1957. Another count of murder was withdrawn by the prosecution in what was later described as \"an abuse of process\" by the presiding judge Sir Patrick Devlin, causing questions to be asked in Parliament about the prosecution's handling of","title":"John Bodkin Adams"},{"psg_id":"15881465","text":"for abolition. Women, as non-voters, were not directly banned from petitioning per the gag rule. All of these parliamentary tricks were in vain, however, as the gag rule resulted in each being summarily dismissed. Miller discusses Adams’ actions on February 6, 1837 in great detail. On that day, John Quincy Adams stirred up the debate in the House with conniving adeptness by further challenges to the gag rule specifically as it concerned petitions. Adams began to present a petition from what he said were nine ladies from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Prevented from doing so by the house ban on such petitions,","title":"John Quincy Adams and abolitionism"},{"psg_id":"12145284","text":"John Adams (book) John Adams is a 2001 biography of the Founding Father and second U.S. President John Adams, written by the popular American historian David McCullough, which won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. It has been made into a TV miniseries with the same name by HBO Films. Since the TV miniseries debuted, an alternative cover has been added to the book showing Paul Giamatti as John Adams. The book is available as both hardcover and paperback. Although the book was originally intended to be a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson, McCullough was increasingly drawn","title":"John Adams (book)"},{"psg_id":"13140943","text":"prices. The bill was signed into law by John Kasich, allowing for oil and gas to now be taken from state lands. Stating that no profession is immune from economic reality, Adams voted for a bill that limits collective bargaining for public employees. John Adams (Ohio politician) John Adams (born January 14, 1960) is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who represented the 85th District from 2007 to 2014. For part of his tenure he served as the majority whip. Adams was born in Urbana, Ohio and lives in Sidney, Ohio. He has studied at Mesa Community","title":"John Adams (Ohio politician)"},{"psg_id":"7443987","text":"John Adams (poet) John Adams (1704 – January 1740) was an American poet. Adams was the only son of Hon. John Adams (merchant) of Nova Scotia, and he graduated from Harvard University in 1721. He joined the ministry of the Congregational Church at Newport, Rhode Island, on April 11, 1728, in opposition to the wishes of Mr. Clap, who was pastor there. Clap's friends formed a new society, and Adams was dismissed in about two years. He was distinguished for his intellect and piety. As a preacher he was much esteemed. His uncle, Matthew Adams, described him as \"master of","title":"John Adams (poet)"},{"psg_id":"16918101","text":"Adams became President, his son served as his private secretary. (In 1873 most of the students who took part in the 1823 incident, including John Adams II, were designated \"Bachelor of Arts as of 1823\" and admitted to Harvard's Roll of Graduates.) At a White House reception during the John Quincy Adams presidency, Russell Jarvis, an anti-Adams reporter for the \"Washington Daily Telegraph\", believed that President Adams publicly insulted Mrs. Jarvis. Since the President was considered to be immune from a dueling challenge, Jarvis attempted to initiate a duel with John Adams II, who had been at the reception. Jarvis's","title":"John Adams II"},{"psg_id":"11143246","text":"service he has dedicated to his nation. However, Abigail successfully influences him to accept the nomination. The fifth episode begins with Vice President John Adams presiding over the Senate and the debate over what to call the new President. It depicts Adams as frustrated in this role: His opinions are ignored and he has no actual power, except in the case of a tied vote. He's excluded from George Washington's inner circle of cabinet members, and his relationships with Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton are strained. Even Washington himself gently rebukes him for his efforts to \"royalize\" the office of","title":"John Adams (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"13443261","text":"John H. Adams (NRDC) John Hamilton Adams (born 1936) is the founding director and trustee of the Natural Resources Defense Council, founded in 1970. Adams served as executive director and, later, as president of the nonprofit conservation group until 2006. Prior to co-founding NRDC, Adams served as an assistant U.S. attorney in Manhattan. He also served as an adjunct faculty member at New York University's law school. Adams graduated from Michigan State University and earned a law degree from Duke University in 1962. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011. Adams is currently chair of the board","title":"John H. Adams (NRDC)"},{"psg_id":"221615","text":"and its depictions of \"the composer as scientist.\" The Darmstadt school of twelve tone composition was dominant during the time that Adams was receiving his college education, and he compared class to a \"mausoleum where we would sit and count tone-rows in Webern.\" Adams experienced a musical epiphany after reading John Cage's book \"Silence\" (1973), which he claimed \"dropped into [his] psyche like a time bomb.\" Cage posed fundamental questions about what music was, and regarded all types of sounds as viable sources of music. This perspective offered to Adams a liberating alternative to the rule-based techniques of serialism. At","title":"John Adams (composer)"},{"psg_id":"18650008","text":"taught at Cornell from 1937 to 1944, first as assistant professor and then associate professor. He was named the second President of Hofstra University in 1944. During his 20 years tenure at Hofstra, the school grew from a small liberal arts college of 367 students to a major university with an enrollment of 9,000. The campus theater John Cranford Adams Playhouse and the John Cranford Adams Chair in Literature are named in his honor. John Cranford Adams John Cranford Adams (October 11, 1903 - November 24, 1986) was an American educator and academic administrator who served as the second president","title":"John Cranford Adams"},{"psg_id":"10453032","text":"\"Unclever\", was released in the US in 2008 on that label. Keith John Adams Keith John Adams is a British singer-songwriter. He makes garage pop music on his own and with a number of revolving collaborators, some from the UK and some from the US. His band of 2015 is Keith John Adams and The Wildlife, a trio with Matt Armstrong on double-bass and Mark Braby on stand-up drums. He has released four solo albums: \"Sunshine Loft\" (2003), \"Pip\" (2005) \"Unclever\" (2007) and \"Roughhousing\" (2014). \"Roughhousing\" was released on vinyl as a co-release on 4 labels, Vacilando '68 in the","title":"Keith John Adams"},{"psg_id":"18650007","text":"John Cranford Adams John Cranford Adams (October 11, 1903 - November 24, 1986) was an American educator and academic administrator who served as the second president of the Hofstra University from 1944–1964. Adams was born October 11, 1903 to John Davis and Mary (Cranford) Adams. He attended Cornell University, where he was a member of the Quill and Dagger society and received a B.A. in 1926 and a Ph.D. in 1935. He also studied at King's College, Cambridge, England from 1926-28. He was an instructor in English at Syracuse University from 1926 to 1928 and at Cornell from 1930-37. He","title":"John Cranford Adams"},{"psg_id":"9989212","text":"collectors, and in March 1799 the bloodless Fries's Rebellion broke out. Led by Revolutionary War veteran John Fries, rural German-speaking farmers protested what they saw as a threat to their liberties. They intimidated tax collectors, who often found themselves unable to go about their business. The disturbance was quickly ended with Hamilton leading the army to restore peace. Fries and two other leaders were arrested, found guilty of treason, and sentenced to hang. They appealed to Adams requesting a pardon. The cabinet unanimously advised Adams to refuse, but he instead granted the pardon, using as justification the argument that the","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"8826634","text":"John Adams, 1st Baron Adams John Jackson Adams, 1st Baron Adams OBE, JP, MA (12 October 1890 – 23 August 1960), often known as Jack Adams, was a British politician and public servant. The son of Thomas Adams and Mary Bowness, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Adams on 16 February 1949, the first Cumberland-born man to be so honoured since 1797. Born in 1890 in Arlecdon, Cumberland, he was educated at Arlecdon Council School, but left at an early age to earn family income; first in farm service, and then in the mines, as his father had","title":"John Adams, 1st Baron Adams"},{"psg_id":"20424301","text":"Bibliography of John Adams The following is a list and discussion of important scholarly resources relating to John Adams. Adams' grandson Charles Francis Adams Sr. edited the first two volumes of \"The Works of John Adams, Esq., Second President of the United States\". These were published between 1850 and 1856 by Charles C. Little and James Brown in Boston. The first seven chapters were produced by John Quincy Adams. The premier modern biography was \"Honest John Adams\", a 1933 biography by the noted French specialist in American history Gilbert Chinard, who came to Adams after writing his acclaimed 1929 biography","title":"Bibliography of John Adams"},{"psg_id":"3085690","text":"John Luther Adams John Luther Adams (born January 23, 1953) is an American composer whose music is inspired by nature, especially the landscapes of Alaska, where he lived from 1978 to 2014 . His orchestral work \"Become Ocean\" was awarded the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Music . Born in Meridian, Mississippi , Adams began playing music as a teenager as a drummer in rock bands. He attended the California Institute of the Arts as an undergraduate in the early 1970s, studying with James Tenney and Leonard Stein, and graduated in 1973 . After graduating, Adams began work in environmental protection,","title":"John Luther Adams"},{"psg_id":"20424303","text":"character study by Joseph Ellis, \"Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams,\" was Ellis's first major publishing success and remains one of the most useful and insightful studies of Adams' personality. In 1992, the Revolutionary War historian and biographer John E. Ferling published his acclaimed \"John Adams: A Life\", also noted for its psychological sensitivity. David McCullough authored the 2001 biography \"John Adams\", which won various awards and was the basis for a 2008 TV miniseries. Bibliography of John Adams The following is a list and discussion of important scholarly resources relating to John Adams. Adams' grandson Charles","title":"Bibliography of John Adams"},{"psg_id":"9989110","text":"John Adams John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, its first Vice President (1789–1797) and second President (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with his wife and advisor Abigail, and recorded important historical information on the era. A political activist prior to the American Revolution, Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence. He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"11018815","text":"John Adams High School (Indiana) John Adams High School (often referred to locally simply as Adams) is a public high school in South Bend, Indiana. The campus is located between the historic River Park and Sunnymede neighborhoods in South Bend, Indiana. The neighborhood is on the east side of town, and Adams is referred to as \"The Pride of the East Side\". The school sits on around across from Indiana University South Bend. School Field, the home stadium for Adams football, is on the other side of the Sunnymede neighborhood, next to Jefferson Middle School. John Adams High School opened","title":"John Adams High School (Indiana)"},{"psg_id":"3085696","text":"Composition . All his works are published by Taiga Press (BMI) and available from In October 2015, Adams received the William Schuman Award from Columbia University. The events surrounding the award included a series of concerts of his music at the Miller Theater, including \"Clouds of Forgetting, Clouds of Unknowing\", \"For Lou Harrison\", and \"In the White Silence\" . John Luther Adams John Luther Adams (born January 23, 1953) is an American composer whose music is inspired by nature, especially the landscapes of Alaska, where he lived from 1978 to 2014 . His orchestral work \"Become Ocean\" was awarded the","title":"John Luther Adams"},{"psg_id":"9989231","text":"The only major political incident involving Adams during the Jefferson years was a dispute with Mercy Otis Warren in 1806. Warren, an old friend, had attacked Adams in a pamphlet for his \"partiality for monarchy\" and \"pride of talents and much ambition.\" A tempestuous correspondence ensued. In time, their friendship healed. Adams did privately criticize the President over his Embargo Act, despite the fact that John Quincy voted for it. John Quincy resigned from the Senate in 1808 after the Federalist-controlled State Senate refused to nominate him for a second term. After the Federalists denounced John Quincy as no longer","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"11143259","text":"of the show won three awards at the 7th Visual Effects Society Awards in the categories of \"Outstanding Visual Effects in a Broadcast Miniseries, Movie or Special, \" \"Outstanding Created Environment in a Broadcast Program or Commercial,\" and \"Outstanding Compositing in a Broadcast Program or Commercial.\" John Adams (miniseries) John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U.S. President John Adams's political life and his role in the founding of the United States. Paul Giamatti portrays John Adams. The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper. Kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the book \"John Adams\" by","title":"John Adams (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"9152928","text":"returned to the practice of law. Adams died suddenly, of heart disease (a year after suffering a stroke of paralysis), in the Ansonia Hotel, Manhattan, New York County, New York, on February 16, 1919 (age 70 years, 153 days). He is interred at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York. John J. Adams John Joseph Adams (September 16, 1848 – February 16, 1919) was an American politician and a United States Congressman from New York State. Adams was born in Douglastown, New Brunswick (now part of Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada) on September 16, 1848. He emigrated to the United States in 1864,","title":"John J. Adams"},{"psg_id":"13080080","text":"with more than 200 pounds of cocaine to Cleveland, saying that Adams appeared ready to give harsh sentences before he had all the necessary information. The panel ruled the case must be reassigned \"to maintain the integrity of our judicial system and to ensure that these cases are heard by a judge whose impartiality cannot reasonably be questioned.\" John R. Adams John Randell Adams (born 1955) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Adams was born in Orrville, Ohio, and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Bowling Green","title":"John R. Adams"},{"psg_id":"10698697","text":"at Cleveland State University since 1978. Adams has also volunteered his time as a member of the Kiwanis service club and the community emergency response team in his hometown and has taught CPR and water safety. John Adams (drummer) John Adams (born October 9, 1951) is a dedicated fan of the Cleveland Indians, a Major League Baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. Adams has played his bass drum in the bleacher seats during nearly every Indians home game since 1973, which has brought him notoriety and recognition from the Indians and other organizations. The Indians pay for two season tickets","title":"John Adams (drummer)"},{"psg_id":"9989262","text":"Paine say what he will.\" In his retirement years, Adams moved away from some of the Puritan sentiments of his youth and closer to more mainstream Enlightenment religious ideals. He blamed institutional Christianity for causing much suffering but continued to be an active Christian while maintaining that religion was necessary for society. He became a Unitarian, rejecting the divinity of Jesus. David L. Holmes argues that Adams, while adopting central tenets of the Unitarian creed, accepted Jesus as the redeemer of humanity and the biblical accounts of his miracles as true. Franklin summed up what many thought of Adams when","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"13443262","text":"of the Open Space Institute and sits on the boards of numerous other environmental organizations. John H. Adams (NRDC) John Hamilton Adams (born 1936) is the founding director and trustee of the Natural Resources Defense Council, founded in 1970. Adams served as executive director and, later, as president of the nonprofit conservation group until 2006. Prior to co-founding NRDC, Adams served as an assistant U.S. attorney in Manhattan. He also served as an adjunct faculty member at New York University's law school. Adams graduated from Michigan State University and earned a law degree from Duke University in 1962. He was","title":"John H. Adams (NRDC)"},{"psg_id":"7932521","text":"John Clayton Adams John Clayton Adams or J. Clayton Adams (1840 – 20 June 1906) was an English landscape artist Adams was born the second son of Mr. C.H. Adams in Edmonton, Middlesex (now in Greater London), and studied art at the Bloomsbury School and later under William Wilthieu Fenn. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy, London, when he was 19, and, throughout the period 1863 to 1893, exhibited 75 pictures there, and 25 at the Royal Society of British Artists. In 1873 Adams moved to \"Brackenhurst\", Ewhurst Hill, near Guildford. Most of his landscapes depict scenes from counties","title":"John Clayton Adams"},{"psg_id":"14644800","text":"John Adams (basketball) John Adams (April 9, 1917 – June 1979) was an American basketball player. He was an All-American player at Arkansas in the 1940s. Adams is one of several men credited with creating the jump shot in basketball. John Adams, a 6'3 guard/forward, grew up in El Paso, Arkansas and starred for two years at El Paso High School. He was then recruited away to Beebe High School in nearby Beebe, Arkansas. It was under the low ceilings of Beebe High home court where Adams learned to flatten the trajectory of his shot, becoming one of the early","title":"John Adams (basketball)"},{"psg_id":"12035299","text":"John Adams Morgan John Adams Morgan (born September 17, 1930) is an American sailor and Olympic champion and the founder and chairman of Morgan Joseph. His father, Henry Sturgis Morgan, was the co-founder of Morgan Stanley and his great-grandfather was J. P. Morgan, founder of J.P. Morgan & Co. John Adams Morgan was born on September 17, 1930 in Oyster Bay on Long Island to Henry Sturgis Morgan (1900–1982) and Catherine Frances Lovering Adams (1902–1988), the daughter of Frances Lovering and Charles Francis Adams III, the U.S. Secretary of the Navy under Hoover, and a direct descendant of U.S. Presidents","title":"John Adams Morgan"},{"psg_id":"13080071","text":"John R. Adams John Randell Adams (born 1955) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Adams was born in Orrville, Ohio, and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Bowling Green State University in 1978, followed by a Juris Doctor from University of Akron School of Law in 1983. He was a law clerk to W. F. Spicer of the Ohio Court of Common Pleas from 1983 to 1984. He then entered the private practice of law in Ohio until 1999, also working as an Assistant prosecutor in the","title":"John R. Adams"},{"psg_id":"20512187","text":"Katherine Langhorne Adams Katherine Langhorne Adams (1885–1977) was an American painter and printmaker. Other sources give her birthdate as c. 1882 and 1890. Born in Plainfield, New Jersey, Adams studied at the Art Students League of New York, where her instructors included John Henry Twachtman and Frank Vincent DuMond. She is known to have exhibited work with artists from the Cos Cob colony in 1912 and 1913, but little else is known about her time in Old Lyme, Connecticut, save for an incident when her bedroom in the Griswold House was mistakenly entered one night by a misdirected male artist.","title":"Katherine Langhorne Adams"},{"psg_id":"13878723","text":"George Adams (magistrate) George Adams (6 June 1804 – 29 October 1873) was the only son of the \"Bounty\" Mutineer John Adams. He was born to his wife Teio, who had once been the wife of William McCoy and was the mother-in-law of Charles Christian, on Pitcairn Island. Adams was born at a time when all the original mutineers apart from his own father had been killed, or in the case of Ned Young died of natural causes. In 1808 the Pitcairn colony was discovered and the elder Adams was granted amnesty for his part in the mutiny. Both of","title":"George Adams (magistrate)"},{"psg_id":"13140939","text":"John Adams (Ohio politician) John Adams (born January 14, 1960) is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who represented the 85th District from 2007 to 2014. For part of his tenure he served as the majority whip. Adams was born in Urbana, Ohio and lives in Sidney, Ohio. He has studied at Mesa Community College and Edison State Community College. Adams was a Navy SEAL and later worked for Bethlehem Steel. He is the owner and operator of a furniture store. Adams has served two terms on the Board of Directors of the Shelby County United Way","title":"John Adams (Ohio politician)"},{"psg_id":"9989162","text":"at The Hague on April 19, 1781, but they did not promise any assistance. In the meantime, Adams thwarted an attempt by neutral European powers to mediate the war without consulting the United States. In July, Adams consented to the departure of both of his sons; John Quincy went with Adams' secretary Francis Dana to Saint Petersburg as a French interpreter, in an effort to seek recognition from Russia, and a homesick Charles returned home with Adams' friend Benjamin Waterhouse. In August, shortly after being removed from his position of sole head of peace treaty negotiations, Adams fell seriously ill","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"5740364","text":"when he married. In 1774 he sold the house to his brother John, who rented it out after their mother died in 1780. In 1803 John sold both houses to his son, who lived in the house of his birth, and rented this one out. The house was occupied from 1810 to 1818 by John Quincy Adams' son, Thomas Boylston Adams. Both houses remained in Adams family ownership, and were rented out until 1885, when most of the surrounding farmland was sold off. After sitting vacant, Charles Francis Adams Jr. authorized the local chapter of the Daughters of the American","title":"John Adams Birthplace"},{"psg_id":"5024102","text":"Sean Wallace of Prime Books. With the January 2012 issue, the first published under Adams's ownership, the content of both magazines was combined under the \"Lightspeed\" masthead, and \"Fantasy Magazine\" was discontinued as an entity. The \"Fantasy Magazine\" staff was also absorbed into \"Lightspeed\". In 2015, Adams became the editor-at-large of John Joseph Adams Books in partnership with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. John Joseph Adams John Joseph Adams (born 1976) is an American science fiction and fantasy editor, critic, and publisher. He is the editor of the anthologies His anthology \"The Living Dead\" was nominated for a World Fantasy Award and","title":"John Joseph Adams"},{"psg_id":"212635","text":"even earlier for his portrait, in 1841. The original daguerreotype is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. Adams occasionally is featured in the mass media. In the PBS miniseries \"The Adams Chronicles\" (1976), he was portrayed by David Birney, William Daniels, Marcel Trenchard, Steven Grover and Mark Winkworth. He was also portrayed by Anthony Hopkins in the 1997 film \"Amistad\", and again by Ebon Moss-Bachrach and Steven Hinkle in the 2008 HBO television miniseries \"John Adams\"; the HBO series received criticism for needless historical and temporal distortions in its portrayal. John Quincy Adams John","title":"John Quincy Adams"},{"psg_id":"16024290","text":"“One of the members is a boy about 16 years. He is very intelligent and the best-conditioned youth I ever saw.” John Adams Webster retired to his home in Maryland and spent his later years writing the story of his life. His wife Rachel died in 1869. Webster died at his home, Mt. Adams, on July 4. 1877, and was buried beside his wife in the family burying ground. John Adams Webster John Adams Webster (1789–1877) was a captain in the United States Navy, who, as a young third lieutenant, heard the sound of the British oars as its small","title":"John Adams Webster"},{"psg_id":"20350775","text":"becoming the largest donor to his campaign. Both candidates claimed to want to remove politics from the office, but by Labor Day Weekend, televised attack ads had begun. As the election nears and absentee voting has begun in Virginia, such ads increased. The Campus Election Engagement Project published a nonpartisan list of their respective campaign positions. Adams and his wife Lisa have four sons. John Donley Adams John Donley Adams (born 1974) is a Virginia lawyer and partner at McGuire Woods, where he chairs the Government Investigations Department and co-chairs the Appellate Team. He took a leave of absence from","title":"John Donley Adams"},{"psg_id":"9989270","text":"House, and criticizes his friend and rival, Jefferson. The book sold very well and was very favorably received and, along with the Ferling biography, contributed to a rapid resurgence in Adams' reputation. In 2008, a miniseries was released based on the McCullough biography, featuring Paul Giamatti as Adams. Adams is commemorated as the namesake of various counties, buildings, and other items. One example is the John Adams Building of the Library of Congress, an institution whose existence Adams had signed into law. Unlike many other Founders, Adams does not have a monument dedicated to himself in Washington D.C. According to","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"19083282","text":"John Adams Jr. (Nebraska) John Adams Jr. (August 14, 1906 – April 19, 1999) was an American lawyer and Republican politician and a member of the unicameral Nebraska Legislature. He was born in Columbia, South Carolina and lived in Omaha, Nebraska after 1923. He served in the last session of the Nebraska House of Representatives and was the only black member of the first session of the Nebraska unicameral in 1937 where he served until 1941. He was named by the Omaha World Herald as one of the Legislature's 16 most able members. While a legislator, he introduced what became","title":"John Adams Jr. (Nebraska)"},{"psg_id":"14396057","text":"by the National Park Service as the John Adams Birthplace, and is open to the public. On December 19, 1960, the birthplace was designated a National Historic Landmark. The future President lived here with his parents on the farm until 1764, when he married Abigail Smith. It is a few feet from the John Quincy Adams Birthplace. Oddly, his house lay at an angle to the road. Adams was primarily a farmer during the growing season, and also worked as a shoemaker, for which he earned \"hard money\" as a trade during the winters. He was a freeholder, who owned","title":"John Adams Sr."},{"psg_id":"3798373","text":"you?\" Hannam mentioned a prescription Adams had forged: \"That was very wrong [...] I have had God's forgiveness for it\", Adams replied. Hannam brought up the deaths of Adams' patients and his receipt of legacies from them. Adams answered: \"A lot of those were instead of fees, I don't want money. What use is it? I paid £1100 super tax last year\" Hannam later mentioned, \"Mr Hullett left you £500\". Adams replied, \"Now, now, he was a life-long friend [...] I even thought it would be more than it was.\" Finally, when asked why he had stated untruthfully on cremation","title":"John Bodkin Adams"},{"psg_id":"11143242","text":"faithful man, who finds himself out of his depth surrounded by an entertainment- and sex-driven culture among the French elite. Adams finds himself at sharp odds with Benjamin Franklin, who has adapted himself to the French, seeking to obtain by seduction what Adams would gain through histrionics. Franklin sharply rebukes Adams for his lack of diplomatic acumen, describing it as a \"direct insult followed by a petulant whine\". Franklin soon has Adams removed from any position of diplomatic authority in Paris. His approach is ultimately successful and was to result in the conclusive Franco-American victory at Yorktown. Adams, chastened and","title":"John Adams (miniseries)"},{"psg_id":"9372412","text":"John T. Adams John Taylor Adams (December 22, 1862 – October 28, 1939) was a noted businessman in the Dubuque, Iowa area and also a former Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1921 to 1924. Adams was born on December 22, 1862 in Dubuque to Shubael Pratt and Diancy Taylor Adams. He was educated in the public schools of Dubuque. As a youth, he began his career in 1881 as an office boy for the firm of Carr, Ryder, and Wheeler Company, which was the predecessor of Carr, Adams, and Collier Company of which he later became President. In","title":"John T. Adams"},{"psg_id":"12145285","text":"to Adams and away from Jefferson. The author spent six years studying Adams, reading the same books he had read and visiting the places he had lived. Perhaps the greatest treasure trove was the enormous amount of correspondence between John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams, a marriage McCullough calls \"one of the great love stories of American history.\" Also invaluable was his long correspondence with his successor as President, Thomas Jefferson, which McCullough calls \"one of the most extraordinary correspondences in the English language.\" In 2009, McCullough acknowledged that he misquoted Thomas Jefferson in \"John Adams\". He was criticized","title":"John Adams (book)"},{"psg_id":"9998535","text":"John Quincy Adams II John Quincy Adams II (September 22, 1833 – August 14, 1894) was an American lawyer and politician. Adams was the son of Charles Francis Adams (1807–1886) and Abigail Brown Brooks (1808–1889). His siblings were Louisa Catherine Adams (1831–1870), Charles Francis Adams Jr. (1835–1915), Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918), Arthur Adams (1841–1846), Mary Gardiner Adams (1845–1928), and Peter Chardon Brooks Adams (1848–1927). He was the paternal grandson of the 6th United States President, John Quincy Adams (his namesake), and the great-grandson of the 2nd President, John Adams. His maternal grandfather was shipping magnate Peter Chardon Brooks (1767–1849). He","title":"John Quincy Adams II"},{"psg_id":"14539717","text":"American–German Colony The American–German Colony (, \"HaMoshava HaAmerika'it–Germanit\") is a residential neighborhood in the southern part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. It is located between Eilat Street and HaRabbi MiBacherach Street and adjoins Neve Tzedek. Founded in the 19th century by the American Protestant, Christian Restorationism movement, led by George J. Adams and Abraham McKenzie. They and more colonists from Maine had arrived on 22 September 1866 in Jaffa. They founded the \"American Colony\", named \"Amelican\" () in Arabic, or \"Adams City\" in English. They erected their wooden houses from prefabricated pieces, which they had brought with them. However, diseases, the","title":"American–German Colony"},{"psg_id":"9989266","text":"further away from Adams' emphasis on order and the rule of law and towards the Jeffersonian vision of liberty and weak central government. In the years following his retirement from public life, as first Jeffersonianism and then Jacksonian democracy grew to dominate American politics, Adams was largely forgotten. When his name was mentioned, it was typically not in a favorable way. In the 1840 presidential election, Whig candidate William Henry Harrison was attacked by Democrats on the false allegation that he had once been a supporter of John Adams. Adams was eventually subject to criticism from states' rights advocates. Edward","title":"John Adams"},{"psg_id":"14644802","text":"named to the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame in 1979. He died of cancer three months later in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. John Adams (basketball) John Adams (April 9, 1917 – June 1979) was an American basketball player. He was an All-American player at Arkansas in the 1940s. Adams is one of several men credited with creating the jump shot in basketball. John Adams, a 6'3 guard/forward, grew up in El Paso, Arkansas and starred for two years at El Paso High School. He was then recruited away to Beebe High School in nearby Beebe, Arkansas. It was under the low ceilings","title":"John Adams (basketball)"},{"psg_id":"14320787","text":"Oceans Canada. In 1992, he was made a Commander of the Order of Military Merit. He is a recipient of Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977), the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal (1992), the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002). and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012). John Adams (Canadian general) John Lawrence Adams, , (born May 31, 1942) was the Chief of the Communications Security Establishment Canada and Associate Deputy Minister of National Defence from July 2005 to January 2012. He was succeeded by John Forster. Adams graduated from the Royal Military","title":"John Adams (Canadian general)"},{"psg_id":"17932449","text":"John Adams Homestead-Wellscroft The John Adams Homestead/Wellscroft is a historic farmstead off West Sunset Hill Road in Harrisville, New Hampshire. The oldest portion of the farm's main house is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure built in the 1770s. It is one of the least-altered examples of early Cape style architecture in Harrisville, lacking typical alterations such as the additions of dormers and changes to the window sizes, locations, and shapes. The farmstead, including outbuildings and an area of roughly distinct from the larger farm property, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The John Adams Homestead is","title":"John Adams Homestead-Wellscroft"},{"psg_id":"12973903","text":"he stayed for the rest of his life. He died some time after 1745. John Adams (merchant) John Adams (1672 or 1673 – 1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council. He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton (politician). Adams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams. Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710. Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life. There, he traded manufactured goods with","title":"John Adams (merchant)"},{"psg_id":"12973900","text":"John Adams (merchant) John Adams (1672 or 1673 – 1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council. He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton (politician). Adams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams. Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710. Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life. There, he traded manufactured goods with the province's Acadian and Native Americans, and took up the role of a real","title":"John Adams (merchant)"},{"psg_id":"10742062","text":"hill south of the main militia camp. Frank Stevens described Adams' death in his 1903 book \"The Black Hawk War\": The Hon. John A. Atwood declared at a 1904 meeting of the Ogle County Old Settlers' Association that Adams' bravery was comparable to that of George Armstrong Custer at Little Big Horn. At least one writer, however, has asserted that Adams' death was at the hands of his own men as he tried to organize them for battle. Adams' wife died in 1871 and all eight of his children were dead by 1899. John Giles Adams John Giles Adams (December","title":"John Giles Adams"},{"psg_id":"221627","text":"said in support of the production: \"It is not only permissible for the Met to do this piece – it's required for the Met to do the piece. It is a powerful and important opera.\" A week after watching a Met performance of the opera, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said \"There was nothing anti-Semitic about the opera,\" and characterized the portrayal of the Klinghoffers as \"very strong, very brave\", and the terrorists as \"bullies and irrational\". Adams' son is the composer Samuel Carl Adams. John Adams (composer) John Coolidge Adams (born February 15, 1947) is an American composer,","title":"John Adams (composer)"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989271\",\n \"text\": \"McCullough, \\\"Popular symbolism has not been very generous toward Adams. There is no memorial, no statue ... in his honor in our nation's capital, and to me that is absolutely inexcusable. It's long past time when we should recognize what he did, and who he was.\\\" John Adams John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, its first Vice President (1789–1797) and second President (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989138\",\n \"text\": \"a conciliatory policy towards the British or felt that the colonies had a duty to remain loyal to Britain, although his views at the time did align with those of conservative John Dickinson. Adams sought the repeal of objectionable policies, but at this early stage he continued to see benefits for maintaining America's status as a British colony. He renewed his push for the right to a jury trial. He complained of what he considered the pretentiousness of the other delegates, writing to Abigail, \\\"I believe if it was moved and seconded that We should come to a Resolution that\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11143244\",\n \"text\": \"While overseas, he spends time with Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson and Abigail visits him. Franklin informs John Adams that he was appointed as the first American Ambassador to Great Britain and thus has to relocate to London. John Adams is poorly received by the British during this time—he is the representative for a recently hostile power, and represents in his person what many British at the time regarded as a disastrous end to its early Empire. He meets with his former sovereign, George III, and while the meeting is not a disaster, he is excoriated in British newspapers. In\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8826639\",\n \"text\": \"as Baron Adams, of Ennerdale in the County of Cumberland. He retired in 1959, and died in 1960. He is buried in Arlecdon churchyard. The Adams Recreation Ground at St Bees was created in his memory. Lord Adams married Agnes Jane Birney in 1914. They had one son, Thomas Adams (b. 1923), who died in infancy. As Lord Adams had no surviving male issue the title became extinct upon his death on 23 August 1960. John Adams, 1st Baron Adams John Jackson Adams, 1st Baron Adams OBE, JP, MA (12 October 1890 – 23 August 1960), often known as Jack\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams, 1st Baron Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989269\",\n \"text\": \"separations from his wife and children. He praises Adams for his willingness to acknowledge his deficiencies and for striving to overcome them. In 1995, Peter Shaw published \\\"The Character of John Adams.\\\" Ferling believes that the man who emerges is one \\\"perpetually at war with himself,\\\" whose desire for fame and recognition leads to charges of vanity. In 2001, David McCullough published a biography of the president entitled \\\"John Adams\\\". McCullough lauds Adams for consistency and honesty, \\\"plays down or explains away\\\" his more controversial actions, such as the dispute over presidential titles and the predawn flight from the White\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989157\",\n \"text\": \"French frigate \\\"Sensible\\\" – accompanied by John Quincy and 9-year-old son Charles. Constant disagreement between Lee and Franklin eventually resulted in Adams assuming the role of tie-breaker in almost all votes on commission business. He increased his usefulness by mastering the French language. Lee was eventually recalled. Adams closely supervised his sons' education while writing to Abigail about once every ten days. In contrast to Franklin, Adams viewed the Franco-American alliance pessimistically. The French, he believed, were involved for their own self-interest, and he grew frustrated by what he saw as their sluggishness in providing substantial aid to the Revolution.\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918104\",\n \"text\": \"despondency over his brother George's alcoholism and 1829 suicide led to John's own descent into alcoholism. He died in Washington, D.C. on October 23, 1834 and is buried in Quincy's Hancock Cemetery. Mary Hellen Adams continued to reside with John Quincy and Louisa Adams and helped care for them in their old age. She died in Bethlehem, New Hampshire on August 31, 1870. John Adams II John Adams II (July 4, 1803 – October 23, 1834) was an American government functionary and businessman. The second son of President John Quincy Adams and Louisa Adams, he is usually called John Adams\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7728605\",\n \"text\": \"in a number of popular movies: Martin Scorsese's \\\"Goodfellas\\\" (1990), during the \\\"May 11, 1980\\\" sequence; Tom Shadyac's \\\"Patch Adams\\\" (1998); and, more recently, Sam Mendes' \\\"Away We Go\\\" (2009). In late 2012, \\\"What Is Life\\\" was used in advance promotion for the film \\\"This Is 40\\\", directed by Judd Apatow, although it was omitted from the accompanying soundtrack album. According to \\\"Rolling Stone\\\": \\\"Today, many people know it merely as a song from all those soundtracks: it's in \\\"This Is 40\\\", \\\"Patch Adams\\\", \\\"Goodfellas\\\" and many more. It's almost as ubiquitous as 'Let My Love Open the Door' or\",\n \"title\": \"What Is Life\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8695917\",\n \"text\": \"was a member of the Yale Corporation from 1917 to 1934, and was acting president of Yale University from 1919 to 1920. A great-grandson of John Adams's was William Adams Delano. John Adams (educator) John Adams (September 18, 1772 – April 24, 1863) was an American educator noted for organizing several hundred Sunday schools. His life was celebrated by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. in his poem, \\\"The School Boy\\\", which was read at the centennial celebration of Phillips Academy in 1878, thus recalls him: John Adams was born in 1772 at Canterbury, Connecticut, to Captain John Adams, a farmer\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (educator)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11143235\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (miniseries) John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U.S. President John Adams's political life and his role in the founding of the United States. Paul Giamatti portrays John Adams. The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper. Kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the book \\\"John Adams\\\" by David McCullough. The biopic of John Adams and the story of the first 50 years of the United States was broadcast in seven parts by HBO between March 16 and April 20, 2008. \\\"John Adams\\\" received widespread critical acclaim and many prestigious awards. The show won\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1488804\",\n \"text\": \"George Adams in 1804. John Adams' grave on Pitcairn is the only known grave site of a \\\"Bounty\\\" mutineer. It has a replacement headstone, the original lead-covered wooden grave marker having been taken back to Britain where it is now on display in the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London. The main settlement and capital of Pitcairn, Adamstown, is named for John Adams. John Adams (mutineer) John Adams, known as Jack Adams (4 December 1767 – 5 March 1829), was the last survivor of the HMS \\\"Bounty\\\" mutineers who settled on Pitcairn Island in January 1790, the year after the\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (mutineer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"212633\",\n \"text\": \"have often included Adams among the leading conservatives of his day. Russell Kirk, however, sees Adams as a flawed conservative who was imprudent in opposing slavery. John Quincy Adams Birthplace is now part of Adams National Historical Park and open to the public. Adams House, one of twelve undergraduate residential Houses at Harvard University, is named in honor of John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and other members of the Adams family who were associated with Harvard. In 1870, Charles Francis built the first presidential library in the United States, to honor his father. The Stone Library includes over 14,000 books\",\n \"title\": \"John Quincy Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8047112\",\n \"text\": \"occupation which was discovering and trading in Chinese antiquities. There is an oral tradition among his descendants that John Adams was a related to the presidential Adams family. However, no evidence has been found to substantiate this claim. John Adams and family remain united in death. Their tombstones are arranged in a circle, around a large Adams Family obelisk, located in the Pittsburgh, Southside Cemetery. John Adams (glassmaker) John Adams, pioneer American glass manufacturer, and the founder of Adams Glass was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania in 1823. He began working in glass manufacture at the age of 14. He\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (glassmaker)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14320785\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (Canadian general) John Lawrence Adams, , (born May 31, 1942) was the Chief of the Communications Security Establishment Canada and Associate Deputy Minister of National Defence from July 2005 to January 2012. He was succeeded by John Forster. Adams graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada, earning a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Chemical Engineering in 1965. Adams is also a Rhodes Scholar after graduating, in 1967, with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Oxford University, in England, in 1967. He also graduated from the Army Staff College as well as the National Defence College. Adams joined\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (Canadian general)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8695910\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (educator) John Adams (September 18, 1772 – April 24, 1863) was an American educator noted for organizing several hundred Sunday schools. His life was celebrated by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. in his poem, \\\"The School Boy\\\", which was read at the centennial celebration of Phillips Academy in 1878, thus recalls him: John Adams was born in 1772 at Canterbury, Connecticut, to Captain John Adams, a farmer of Canterbury and an officer in the American Revolutionary War and Mary Parker, the daughter of Dea. Joshua Parker and Jemima Davenport. He graduated from Yale University in 1795. John Adams\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (educator)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5740419\",\n \"text\": \"Historical Park, and are operated by the National Park Service. The elder Adams' later mansion, called Peacefield, is a few miles away, as are the graves of both presidents and their wives in the United First Parish Church. The Abigail Adams Cairn, atop a nearby hill from which Abigail and the 7-year old John Quincy Adams watched the Battle of Bunker Hill and the burning of Charlestown, is also of interest. All are open to the public. The home was prominently portrayed during the first few episodes of \\\"John Adams\\\", a 2008 American miniseries. John Quincy Adams Birthplace The John\",\n \"title\": \"John Quincy Adams Birthplace\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10698687\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (drummer) John Adams (born October 9, 1951) is a dedicated fan of the Cleveland Indians, a Major League Baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. Adams has played his bass drum in the bleacher seats during nearly every Indians home game since 1973, which has brought him notoriety and recognition from the Indians and other organizations. The Indians pay for two season tickets for Adams and his drum, he has been involved in two ceremonial first pitches, and he is the only fan for whom the Indians have dedicated a bobblehead day. Adams first drummed at an Indians game\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (drummer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10453030\",\n \"text\": \"Keith John Adams Keith John Adams is a British singer-songwriter. He makes garage pop music on his own and with a number of revolving collaborators, some from the UK and some from the US. His band of 2015 is Keith John Adams and The Wildlife, a trio with Matt Armstrong on double-bass and Mark Braby on stand-up drums. He has released four solo albums: \\\"Sunshine Loft\\\" (2003), \\\"Pip\\\" (2005) \\\"Unclever\\\" (2007) and \\\"Roughhousing\\\" (2014). \\\"Roughhousing\\\" was released on vinyl as a co-release on 4 labels, Vacilando '68 in the UK, Red Wig in Germany, PIAPTK and Gray Sky Press from\",\n \"title\": \"Keith John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3798357\",\n \"text\": \"John Bodkin Adams John Bodkin Adams (21 January 1899 – 4 July 1983) was a British general practitioner, convicted fraudster and suspected serial killer. Between 1946 and 1956, more than 160 of his patients died in suspicious circumstances. Of these, 132 left him money or items in their wills. He was tried and acquitted for the murder of one patient in 1957. Another count of murder was withdrawn by the prosecution in what was later described as \\\"an abuse of process\\\" by the presiding judge Sir Patrick Devlin, causing questions to be asked in Parliament about the prosecution's handling of\",\n \"title\": \"John Bodkin Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15881465\",\n \"text\": \"for abolition. Women, as non-voters, were not directly banned from petitioning per the gag rule. All of these parliamentary tricks were in vain, however, as the gag rule resulted in each being summarily dismissed. Miller discusses Adams’ actions on February 6, 1837 in great detail. On that day, John Quincy Adams stirred up the debate in the House with conniving adeptness by further challenges to the gag rule specifically as it concerned petitions. Adams began to present a petition from what he said were nine ladies from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Prevented from doing so by the house ban on such petitions,\",\n \"title\": \"John Quincy Adams and abolitionism\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12145284\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (book) John Adams is a 2001 biography of the Founding Father and second U.S. President John Adams, written by the popular American historian David McCullough, which won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. It has been made into a TV miniseries with the same name by HBO Films. Since the TV miniseries debuted, an alternative cover has been added to the book showing Paul Giamatti as John Adams. The book is available as both hardcover and paperback. Although the book was originally intended to be a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson, McCullough was increasingly drawn\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13140943\",\n \"text\": \"prices. The bill was signed into law by John Kasich, allowing for oil and gas to now be taken from state lands. Stating that no profession is immune from economic reality, Adams voted for a bill that limits collective bargaining for public employees. John Adams (Ohio politician) John Adams (born January 14, 1960) is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who represented the 85th District from 2007 to 2014. For part of his tenure he served as the majority whip. Adams was born in Urbana, Ohio and lives in Sidney, Ohio. He has studied at Mesa Community\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (Ohio politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7443987\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (poet) John Adams (1704 – January 1740) was an American poet. Adams was the only son of Hon. John Adams (merchant) of Nova Scotia, and he graduated from Harvard University in 1721. He joined the ministry of the Congregational Church at Newport, Rhode Island, on April 11, 1728, in opposition to the wishes of Mr. Clap, who was pastor there. Clap's friends formed a new society, and Adams was dismissed in about two years. He was distinguished for his intellect and piety. As a preacher he was much esteemed. His uncle, Matthew Adams, described him as \\\"master of\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (poet)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16918101\",\n \"text\": \"Adams became President, his son served as his private secretary. (In 1873 most of the students who took part in the 1823 incident, including John Adams II, were designated \\\"Bachelor of Arts as of 1823\\\" and admitted to Harvard's Roll of Graduates.) At a White House reception during the John Quincy Adams presidency, Russell Jarvis, an anti-Adams reporter for the \\\"Washington Daily Telegraph\\\", believed that President Adams publicly insulted Mrs. Jarvis. Since the President was considered to be immune from a dueling challenge, Jarvis attempted to initiate a duel with John Adams II, who had been at the reception. Jarvis's\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11143246\",\n \"text\": \"service he has dedicated to his nation. However, Abigail successfully influences him to accept the nomination. The fifth episode begins with Vice President John Adams presiding over the Senate and the debate over what to call the new President. It depicts Adams as frustrated in this role: His opinions are ignored and he has no actual power, except in the case of a tied vote. He's excluded from George Washington's inner circle of cabinet members, and his relationships with Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton are strained. Even Washington himself gently rebukes him for his efforts to \\\"royalize\\\" the office of\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13443261\",\n \"text\": \"John H. Adams (NRDC) John Hamilton Adams (born 1936) is the founding director and trustee of the Natural Resources Defense Council, founded in 1970. Adams served as executive director and, later, as president of the nonprofit conservation group until 2006. Prior to co-founding NRDC, Adams served as an assistant U.S. attorney in Manhattan. He also served as an adjunct faculty member at New York University's law school. Adams graduated from Michigan State University and earned a law degree from Duke University in 1962. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2011. Adams is currently chair of the board\",\n \"title\": \"John H. Adams (NRDC)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"221615\",\n \"text\": \"and its depictions of \\\"the composer as scientist.\\\" The Darmstadt school of twelve tone composition was dominant during the time that Adams was receiving his college education, and he compared class to a \\\"mausoleum where we would sit and count tone-rows in Webern.\\\" Adams experienced a musical epiphany after reading John Cage's book \\\"Silence\\\" (1973), which he claimed \\\"dropped into [his] psyche like a time bomb.\\\" Cage posed fundamental questions about what music was, and regarded all types of sounds as viable sources of music. This perspective offered to Adams a liberating alternative to the rule-based techniques of serialism. At\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (composer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18650008\",\n \"text\": \"taught at Cornell from 1937 to 1944, first as assistant professor and then associate professor. He was named the second President of Hofstra University in 1944. During his 20 years tenure at Hofstra, the school grew from a small liberal arts college of 367 students to a major university with an enrollment of 9,000. The campus theater John Cranford Adams Playhouse and the John Cranford Adams Chair in Literature are named in his honor. John Cranford Adams John Cranford Adams (October 11, 1903 - November 24, 1986) was an American educator and academic administrator who served as the second president\",\n \"title\": \"John Cranford Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10453032\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Unclever\\\", was released in the US in 2008 on that label. Keith John Adams Keith John Adams is a British singer-songwriter. He makes garage pop music on his own and with a number of revolving collaborators, some from the UK and some from the US. His band of 2015 is Keith John Adams and The Wildlife, a trio with Matt Armstrong on double-bass and Mark Braby on stand-up drums. He has released four solo albums: \\\"Sunshine Loft\\\" (2003), \\\"Pip\\\" (2005) \\\"Unclever\\\" (2007) and \\\"Roughhousing\\\" (2014). \\\"Roughhousing\\\" was released on vinyl as a co-release on 4 labels, Vacilando '68 in the\",\n \"title\": \"Keith John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18650007\",\n \"text\": \"John Cranford Adams John Cranford Adams (October 11, 1903 - November 24, 1986) was an American educator and academic administrator who served as the second president of the Hofstra University from 1944–1964. Adams was born October 11, 1903 to John Davis and Mary (Cranford) Adams. He attended Cornell University, where he was a member of the Quill and Dagger society and received a B.A. in 1926 and a Ph.D. in 1935. He also studied at King's College, Cambridge, England from 1926-28. He was an instructor in English at Syracuse University from 1926 to 1928 and at Cornell from 1930-37. He\",\n \"title\": \"John Cranford Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989212\",\n \"text\": \"collectors, and in March 1799 the bloodless Fries's Rebellion broke out. Led by Revolutionary War veteran John Fries, rural German-speaking farmers protested what they saw as a threat to their liberties. They intimidated tax collectors, who often found themselves unable to go about their business. The disturbance was quickly ended with Hamilton leading the army to restore peace. Fries and two other leaders were arrested, found guilty of treason, and sentenced to hang. They appealed to Adams requesting a pardon. The cabinet unanimously advised Adams to refuse, but he instead granted the pardon, using as justification the argument that the\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8826634\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams, 1st Baron Adams John Jackson Adams, 1st Baron Adams OBE, JP, MA (12 October 1890 – 23 August 1960), often known as Jack Adams, was a British politician and public servant. The son of Thomas Adams and Mary Bowness, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Adams on 16 February 1949, the first Cumberland-born man to be so honoured since 1797. Born in 1890 in Arlecdon, Cumberland, he was educated at Arlecdon Council School, but left at an early age to earn family income; first in farm service, and then in the mines, as his father had\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams, 1st Baron Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20424301\",\n \"text\": \"Bibliography of John Adams The following is a list and discussion of important scholarly resources relating to John Adams. Adams' grandson Charles Francis Adams Sr. edited the first two volumes of \\\"The Works of John Adams, Esq., Second President of the United States\\\". These were published between 1850 and 1856 by Charles C. Little and James Brown in Boston. The first seven chapters were produced by John Quincy Adams. The premier modern biography was \\\"Honest John Adams\\\", a 1933 biography by the noted French specialist in American history Gilbert Chinard, who came to Adams after writing his acclaimed 1929 biography\",\n \"title\": \"Bibliography of John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3085690\",\n \"text\": \"John Luther Adams John Luther Adams (born January 23, 1953) is an American composer whose music is inspired by nature, especially the landscapes of Alaska, where he lived from 1978 to 2014 . His orchestral work \\\"Become Ocean\\\" was awarded the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Music . Born in Meridian, Mississippi , Adams began playing music as a teenager as a drummer in rock bands. He attended the California Institute of the Arts as an undergraduate in the early 1970s, studying with James Tenney and Leonard Stein, and graduated in 1973 . After graduating, Adams began work in environmental protection,\",\n \"title\": \"John Luther Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20424303\",\n \"text\": \"character study by Joseph Ellis, \\\"Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams,\\\" was Ellis's first major publishing success and remains one of the most useful and insightful studies of Adams' personality. In 1992, the Revolutionary War historian and biographer John E. Ferling published his acclaimed \\\"John Adams: A Life\\\", also noted for its psychological sensitivity. David McCullough authored the 2001 biography \\\"John Adams\\\", which won various awards and was the basis for a 2008 TV miniseries. Bibliography of John Adams The following is a list and discussion of important scholarly resources relating to John Adams. Adams' grandson Charles\",\n \"title\": \"Bibliography of John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989110\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams John Adams (October 30 [O.S. October 19] 1735 – July 4, 1826) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, its first Vice President (1789–1797) and second President (1797–1801). He was a lawyer, diplomat, and leader of American independence from Great Britain. Adams was a dedicated diarist, and correspondent with his wife and advisor Abigail, and recorded important historical information on the era. A political activist prior to the American Revolution, Adams was devoted to the right to counsel and presumption of innocence. He defied anti-British sentiment and successfully defended British soldiers against murder charges arising\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11018815\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams High School (Indiana) John Adams High School (often referred to locally simply as Adams) is a public high school in South Bend, Indiana. The campus is located between the historic River Park and Sunnymede neighborhoods in South Bend, Indiana. The neighborhood is on the east side of town, and Adams is referred to as \\\"The Pride of the East Side\\\". The school sits on around across from Indiana University South Bend. School Field, the home stadium for Adams football, is on the other side of the Sunnymede neighborhood, next to Jefferson Middle School. John Adams High School opened\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams High School (Indiana)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3085696\",\n \"text\": \"Composition . All his works are published by Taiga Press (BMI) and available from In October 2015, Adams received the William Schuman Award from Columbia University. The events surrounding the award included a series of concerts of his music at the Miller Theater, including \\\"Clouds of Forgetting, Clouds of Unknowing\\\", \\\"For Lou Harrison\\\", and \\\"In the White Silence\\\" . John Luther Adams John Luther Adams (born January 23, 1953) is an American composer whose music is inspired by nature, especially the landscapes of Alaska, where he lived from 1978 to 2014 . His orchestral work \\\"Become Ocean\\\" was awarded the\",\n \"title\": \"John Luther Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989231\",\n \"text\": \"The only major political incident involving Adams during the Jefferson years was a dispute with Mercy Otis Warren in 1806. Warren, an old friend, had attacked Adams in a pamphlet for his \\\"partiality for monarchy\\\" and \\\"pride of talents and much ambition.\\\" A tempestuous correspondence ensued. In time, their friendship healed. Adams did privately criticize the President over his Embargo Act, despite the fact that John Quincy voted for it. John Quincy resigned from the Senate in 1808 after the Federalist-controlled State Senate refused to nominate him for a second term. After the Federalists denounced John Quincy as no longer\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11143259\",\n \"text\": \"of the show won three awards at the 7th Visual Effects Society Awards in the categories of \\\"Outstanding Visual Effects in a Broadcast Miniseries, Movie or Special, \\\" \\\"Outstanding Created Environment in a Broadcast Program or Commercial,\\\" and \\\"Outstanding Compositing in a Broadcast Program or Commercial.\\\" John Adams (miniseries) John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U.S. President John Adams's political life and his role in the founding of the United States. Paul Giamatti portrays John Adams. The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper. Kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the book \\\"John Adams\\\" by\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9152928\",\n \"text\": \"returned to the practice of law. Adams died suddenly, of heart disease (a year after suffering a stroke of paralysis), in the Ansonia Hotel, Manhattan, New York County, New York, on February 16, 1919 (age 70 years, 153 days). He is interred at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York. John J. Adams John Joseph Adams (September 16, 1848 – February 16, 1919) was an American politician and a United States Congressman from New York State. Adams was born in Douglastown, New Brunswick (now part of Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada) on September 16, 1848. He emigrated to the United States in 1864,\",\n \"title\": \"John J. Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13080080\",\n \"text\": \"with more than 200 pounds of cocaine to Cleveland, saying that Adams appeared ready to give harsh sentences before he had all the necessary information. The panel ruled the case must be reassigned \\\"to maintain the integrity of our judicial system and to ensure that these cases are heard by a judge whose impartiality cannot reasonably be questioned.\\\" John R. Adams John Randell Adams (born 1955) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Adams was born in Orrville, Ohio, and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Bowling Green\",\n \"title\": \"John R. Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10698697\",\n \"text\": \"at Cleveland State University since 1978. Adams has also volunteered his time as a member of the Kiwanis service club and the community emergency response team in his hometown and has taught CPR and water safety. John Adams (drummer) John Adams (born October 9, 1951) is a dedicated fan of the Cleveland Indians, a Major League Baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. Adams has played his bass drum in the bleacher seats during nearly every Indians home game since 1973, which has brought him notoriety and recognition from the Indians and other organizations. The Indians pay for two season tickets\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (drummer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989262\",\n \"text\": \"Paine say what he will.\\\" In his retirement years, Adams moved away from some of the Puritan sentiments of his youth and closer to more mainstream Enlightenment religious ideals. He blamed institutional Christianity for causing much suffering but continued to be an active Christian while maintaining that religion was necessary for society. He became a Unitarian, rejecting the divinity of Jesus. David L. Holmes argues that Adams, while adopting central tenets of the Unitarian creed, accepted Jesus as the redeemer of humanity and the biblical accounts of his miracles as true. Franklin summed up what many thought of Adams when\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13443262\",\n \"text\": \"of the Open Space Institute and sits on the boards of numerous other environmental organizations. John H. Adams (NRDC) John Hamilton Adams (born 1936) is the founding director and trustee of the Natural Resources Defense Council, founded in 1970. Adams served as executive director and, later, as president of the nonprofit conservation group until 2006. Prior to co-founding NRDC, Adams served as an assistant U.S. attorney in Manhattan. He also served as an adjunct faculty member at New York University's law school. Adams graduated from Michigan State University and earned a law degree from Duke University in 1962. He was\",\n \"title\": \"John H. Adams (NRDC)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7932521\",\n \"text\": \"John Clayton Adams John Clayton Adams or J. Clayton Adams (1840 – 20 June 1906) was an English landscape artist Adams was born the second son of Mr. C.H. Adams in Edmonton, Middlesex (now in Greater London), and studied art at the Bloomsbury School and later under William Wilthieu Fenn. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy, London, when he was 19, and, throughout the period 1863 to 1893, exhibited 75 pictures there, and 25 at the Royal Society of British Artists. In 1873 Adams moved to \\\"Brackenhurst\\\", Ewhurst Hill, near Guildford. Most of his landscapes depict scenes from counties\",\n \"title\": \"John Clayton Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14644800\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (basketball) John Adams (April 9, 1917 – June 1979) was an American basketball player. He was an All-American player at Arkansas in the 1940s. Adams is one of several men credited with creating the jump shot in basketball. John Adams, a 6'3 guard/forward, grew up in El Paso, Arkansas and starred for two years at El Paso High School. He was then recruited away to Beebe High School in nearby Beebe, Arkansas. It was under the low ceilings of Beebe High home court where Adams learned to flatten the trajectory of his shot, becoming one of the early\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12035299\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams Morgan John Adams Morgan (born September 17, 1930) is an American sailor and Olympic champion and the founder and chairman of Morgan Joseph. His father, Henry Sturgis Morgan, was the co-founder of Morgan Stanley and his great-grandfather was J. P. Morgan, founder of J.P. Morgan & Co. John Adams Morgan was born on September 17, 1930 in Oyster Bay on Long Island to Henry Sturgis Morgan (1900–1982) and Catherine Frances Lovering Adams (1902–1988), the daughter of Frances Lovering and Charles Francis Adams III, the U.S. Secretary of the Navy under Hoover, and a direct descendant of U.S. Presidents\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams Morgan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13080071\",\n \"text\": \"John R. Adams John Randell Adams (born 1955) is a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Adams was born in Orrville, Ohio, and received a Bachelor of Science degree from Bowling Green State University in 1978, followed by a Juris Doctor from University of Akron School of Law in 1983. He was a law clerk to W. F. Spicer of the Ohio Court of Common Pleas from 1983 to 1984. He then entered the private practice of law in Ohio until 1999, also working as an Assistant prosecutor in the\",\n \"title\": \"John R. Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20512187\",\n \"text\": \"Katherine Langhorne Adams Katherine Langhorne Adams (1885–1977) was an American painter and printmaker. Other sources give her birthdate as c. 1882 and 1890. Born in Plainfield, New Jersey, Adams studied at the Art Students League of New York, where her instructors included John Henry Twachtman and Frank Vincent DuMond. She is known to have exhibited work with artists from the Cos Cob colony in 1912 and 1913, but little else is known about her time in Old Lyme, Connecticut, save for an incident when her bedroom in the Griswold House was mistakenly entered one night by a misdirected male artist.\",\n \"title\": \"Katherine Langhorne Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13878723\",\n \"text\": \"George Adams (magistrate) George Adams (6 June 1804 – 29 October 1873) was the only son of the \\\"Bounty\\\" Mutineer John Adams. He was born to his wife Teio, who had once been the wife of William McCoy and was the mother-in-law of Charles Christian, on Pitcairn Island. Adams was born at a time when all the original mutineers apart from his own father had been killed, or in the case of Ned Young died of natural causes. In 1808 the Pitcairn colony was discovered and the elder Adams was granted amnesty for his part in the mutiny. Both of\",\n \"title\": \"George Adams (magistrate)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13140939\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (Ohio politician) John Adams (born January 14, 1960) is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who represented the 85th District from 2007 to 2014. For part of his tenure he served as the majority whip. Adams was born in Urbana, Ohio and lives in Sidney, Ohio. He has studied at Mesa Community College and Edison State Community College. Adams was a Navy SEAL and later worked for Bethlehem Steel. He is the owner and operator of a furniture store. Adams has served two terms on the Board of Directors of the Shelby County United Way\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (Ohio politician)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989162\",\n \"text\": \"at The Hague on April 19, 1781, but they did not promise any assistance. In the meantime, Adams thwarted an attempt by neutral European powers to mediate the war without consulting the United States. In July, Adams consented to the departure of both of his sons; John Quincy went with Adams' secretary Francis Dana to Saint Petersburg as a French interpreter, in an effort to seek recognition from Russia, and a homesick Charles returned home with Adams' friend Benjamin Waterhouse. In August, shortly after being removed from his position of sole head of peace treaty negotiations, Adams fell seriously ill\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5740364\",\n \"text\": \"when he married. In 1774 he sold the house to his brother John, who rented it out after their mother died in 1780. In 1803 John sold both houses to his son, who lived in the house of his birth, and rented this one out. The house was occupied from 1810 to 1818 by John Quincy Adams' son, Thomas Boylston Adams. Both houses remained in Adams family ownership, and were rented out until 1885, when most of the surrounding farmland was sold off. After sitting vacant, Charles Francis Adams Jr. authorized the local chapter of the Daughters of the American\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams Birthplace\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5024102\",\n \"text\": \"Sean Wallace of Prime Books. With the January 2012 issue, the first published under Adams's ownership, the content of both magazines was combined under the \\\"Lightspeed\\\" masthead, and \\\"Fantasy Magazine\\\" was discontinued as an entity. The \\\"Fantasy Magazine\\\" staff was also absorbed into \\\"Lightspeed\\\". In 2015, Adams became the editor-at-large of John Joseph Adams Books in partnership with Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. John Joseph Adams John Joseph Adams (born 1976) is an American science fiction and fantasy editor, critic, and publisher. He is the editor of the anthologies His anthology \\\"The Living Dead\\\" was nominated for a World Fantasy Award and\",\n \"title\": \"John Joseph Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"212635\",\n \"text\": \"even earlier for his portrait, in 1841. The original daguerreotype is in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. Adams occasionally is featured in the mass media. In the PBS miniseries \\\"The Adams Chronicles\\\" (1976), he was portrayed by David Birney, William Daniels, Marcel Trenchard, Steven Grover and Mark Winkworth. He was also portrayed by Anthony Hopkins in the 1997 film \\\"Amistad\\\", and again by Ebon Moss-Bachrach and Steven Hinkle in the 2008 HBO television miniseries \\\"John Adams\\\"; the HBO series received criticism for needless historical and temporal distortions in its portrayal. John Quincy Adams John\",\n \"title\": \"John Quincy Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16024290\",\n \"text\": \"“One of the members is a boy about 16 years. He is very intelligent and the best-conditioned youth I ever saw.” John Adams Webster retired to his home in Maryland and spent his later years writing the story of his life. His wife Rachel died in 1869. Webster died at his home, Mt. Adams, on July 4. 1877, and was buried beside his wife in the family burying ground. John Adams Webster John Adams Webster (1789–1877) was a captain in the United States Navy, who, as a young third lieutenant, heard the sound of the British oars as its small\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams Webster\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20350775\",\n \"text\": \"becoming the largest donor to his campaign. Both candidates claimed to want to remove politics from the office, but by Labor Day Weekend, televised attack ads had begun. As the election nears and absentee voting has begun in Virginia, such ads increased. The Campus Election Engagement Project published a nonpartisan list of their respective campaign positions. Adams and his wife Lisa have four sons. John Donley Adams John Donley Adams (born 1974) is a Virginia lawyer and partner at McGuire Woods, where he chairs the Government Investigations Department and co-chairs the Appellate Team. He took a leave of absence from\",\n \"title\": \"John Donley Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989270\",\n \"text\": \"House, and criticizes his friend and rival, Jefferson. The book sold very well and was very favorably received and, along with the Ferling biography, contributed to a rapid resurgence in Adams' reputation. In 2008, a miniseries was released based on the McCullough biography, featuring Paul Giamatti as Adams. Adams is commemorated as the namesake of various counties, buildings, and other items. One example is the John Adams Building of the Library of Congress, an institution whose existence Adams had signed into law. Unlike many other Founders, Adams does not have a monument dedicated to himself in Washington D.C. According to\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19083282\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams Jr. (Nebraska) John Adams Jr. (August 14, 1906 – April 19, 1999) was an American lawyer and Republican politician and a member of the unicameral Nebraska Legislature. He was born in Columbia, South Carolina and lived in Omaha, Nebraska after 1923. He served in the last session of the Nebraska House of Representatives and was the only black member of the first session of the Nebraska unicameral in 1937 where he served until 1941. He was named by the Omaha World Herald as one of the Legislature's 16 most able members. While a legislator, he introduced what became\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams Jr. (Nebraska)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14396057\",\n \"text\": \"by the National Park Service as the John Adams Birthplace, and is open to the public. On December 19, 1960, the birthplace was designated a National Historic Landmark. The future President lived here with his parents on the farm until 1764, when he married Abigail Smith. It is a few feet from the John Quincy Adams Birthplace. Oddly, his house lay at an angle to the road. Adams was primarily a farmer during the growing season, and also worked as a shoemaker, for which he earned \\\"hard money\\\" as a trade during the winters. He was a freeholder, who owned\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3798373\",\n \"text\": \"you?\\\" Hannam mentioned a prescription Adams had forged: \\\"That was very wrong [...] I have had God's forgiveness for it\\\", Adams replied. Hannam brought up the deaths of Adams' patients and his receipt of legacies from them. Adams answered: \\\"A lot of those were instead of fees, I don't want money. What use is it? I paid £1100 super tax last year\\\" Hannam later mentioned, \\\"Mr Hullett left you £500\\\". Adams replied, \\\"Now, now, he was a life-long friend [...] I even thought it would be more than it was.\\\" Finally, when asked why he had stated untruthfully on cremation\",\n \"title\": \"John Bodkin Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11143242\",\n \"text\": \"faithful man, who finds himself out of his depth surrounded by an entertainment- and sex-driven culture among the French elite. Adams finds himself at sharp odds with Benjamin Franklin, who has adapted himself to the French, seeking to obtain by seduction what Adams would gain through histrionics. Franklin sharply rebukes Adams for his lack of diplomatic acumen, describing it as a \\\"direct insult followed by a petulant whine\\\". Franklin soon has Adams removed from any position of diplomatic authority in Paris. His approach is ultimately successful and was to result in the conclusive Franco-American victory at Yorktown. Adams, chastened and\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (miniseries)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9372412\",\n \"text\": \"John T. Adams John Taylor Adams (December 22, 1862 – October 28, 1939) was a noted businessman in the Dubuque, Iowa area and also a former Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1921 to 1924. Adams was born on December 22, 1862 in Dubuque to Shubael Pratt and Diancy Taylor Adams. He was educated in the public schools of Dubuque. As a youth, he began his career in 1881 as an office boy for the firm of Carr, Ryder, and Wheeler Company, which was the predecessor of Carr, Adams, and Collier Company of which he later became President. In\",\n \"title\": \"John T. Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12145285\",\n \"text\": \"to Adams and away from Jefferson. The author spent six years studying Adams, reading the same books he had read and visiting the places he had lived. Perhaps the greatest treasure trove was the enormous amount of correspondence between John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams, a marriage McCullough calls \\\"one of the great love stories of American history.\\\" Also invaluable was his long correspondence with his successor as President, Thomas Jefferson, which McCullough calls \\\"one of the most extraordinary correspondences in the English language.\\\" In 2009, McCullough acknowledged that he misquoted Thomas Jefferson in \\\"John Adams\\\". He was criticized\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (book)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9998535\",\n \"text\": \"John Quincy Adams II John Quincy Adams II (September 22, 1833 – August 14, 1894) was an American lawyer and politician. Adams was the son of Charles Francis Adams (1807–1886) and Abigail Brown Brooks (1808–1889). His siblings were Louisa Catherine Adams (1831–1870), Charles Francis Adams Jr. (1835–1915), Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918), Arthur Adams (1841–1846), Mary Gardiner Adams (1845–1928), and Peter Chardon Brooks Adams (1848–1927). He was the paternal grandson of the 6th United States President, John Quincy Adams (his namesake), and the great-grandson of the 2nd President, John Adams. His maternal grandfather was shipping magnate Peter Chardon Brooks (1767–1849). He\",\n \"title\": \"John Quincy Adams II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14539717\",\n \"text\": \"American–German Colony The American–German Colony (, \\\"HaMoshava HaAmerika'it–Germanit\\\") is a residential neighborhood in the southern part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel. It is located between Eilat Street and HaRabbi MiBacherach Street and adjoins Neve Tzedek. Founded in the 19th century by the American Protestant, Christian Restorationism movement, led by George J. Adams and Abraham McKenzie. They and more colonists from Maine had arrived on 22 September 1866 in Jaffa. They founded the \\\"American Colony\\\", named \\\"Amelican\\\" () in Arabic, or \\\"Adams City\\\" in English. They erected their wooden houses from prefabricated pieces, which they had brought with them. However, diseases, the\",\n \"title\": \"American–German Colony\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9989266\",\n \"text\": \"further away from Adams' emphasis on order and the rule of law and towards the Jeffersonian vision of liberty and weak central government. In the years following his retirement from public life, as first Jeffersonianism and then Jacksonian democracy grew to dominate American politics, Adams was largely forgotten. When his name was mentioned, it was typically not in a favorable way. In the 1840 presidential election, Whig candidate William Henry Harrison was attacked by Democrats on the false allegation that he had once been a supporter of John Adams. Adams was eventually subject to criticism from states' rights advocates. Edward\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14644802\",\n \"text\": \"named to the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame in 1979. He died of cancer three months later in Bartlesville, Oklahoma. John Adams (basketball) John Adams (April 9, 1917 – June 1979) was an American basketball player. He was an All-American player at Arkansas in the 1940s. Adams is one of several men credited with creating the jump shot in basketball. John Adams, a 6'3 guard/forward, grew up in El Paso, Arkansas and starred for two years at El Paso High School. He was then recruited away to Beebe High School in nearby Beebe, Arkansas. It was under the low ceilings\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (basketball)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14320787\",\n \"text\": \"Oceans Canada. In 1992, he was made a Commander of the Order of Military Merit. He is a recipient of Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977), the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal (1992), the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (2002). and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal (2012). John Adams (Canadian general) John Lawrence Adams, , (born May 31, 1942) was the Chief of the Communications Security Establishment Canada and Associate Deputy Minister of National Defence from July 2005 to January 2012. He was succeeded by John Forster. Adams graduated from the Royal Military\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (Canadian general)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17932449\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams Homestead-Wellscroft The John Adams Homestead/Wellscroft is a historic farmstead off West Sunset Hill Road in Harrisville, New Hampshire. The oldest portion of the farm's main house is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure built in the 1770s. It is one of the least-altered examples of early Cape style architecture in Harrisville, lacking typical alterations such as the additions of dormers and changes to the window sizes, locations, and shapes. The farmstead, including outbuildings and an area of roughly distinct from the larger farm property, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The John Adams Homestead is\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams Homestead-Wellscroft\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12973903\",\n \"text\": \"he stayed for the rest of his life. He died some time after 1745. John Adams (merchant) John Adams (1672 or 1673 – 1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council. He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton (politician). Adams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams. Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710. Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life. There, he traded manufactured goods with\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (merchant)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12973900\",\n \"text\": \"John Adams (merchant) John Adams (1672 or 1673 – 1745) was an American-born Canadian merchant and member of the Nova Scotia Council. He was the father-in-law of Henry Newton (politician). Adams was born in Boston in either 1672 or 1673 to John and Avis Adams. Growing up as a petty merchant, Adams joined Sir Charles Hobby's New England regiment, participating in the capture of Port-Royal in 1710. Shortly thereafter, Adams settled in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, returning to civilian life. There, he traded manufactured goods with the province's Acadian and Native Americans, and took up the role of a real\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (merchant)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10742062\",\n \"text\": \"hill south of the main militia camp. Frank Stevens described Adams' death in his 1903 book \\\"The Black Hawk War\\\": The Hon. John A. Atwood declared at a 1904 meeting of the Ogle County Old Settlers' Association that Adams' bravery was comparable to that of George Armstrong Custer at Little Big Horn. At least one writer, however, has asserted that Adams' death was at the hands of his own men as he tried to organize them for battle. Adams' wife died in 1871 and all eight of his children were dead by 1899. John Giles Adams John Giles Adams (December\",\n \"title\": \"John Giles Adams\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"221627\",\n \"text\": \"said in support of the production: \\\"It is not only permissible for the Met to do this piece – it's required for the Met to do the piece. It is a powerful and important opera.\\\" A week after watching a Met performance of the opera, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said \\\"There was nothing anti-Semitic about the opera,\\\" and characterized the portrayal of the Klinghoffers as \\\"very strong, very brave\\\", and the terrorists as \\\"bullies and irrational\\\". Adams' son is the composer Samuel Carl Adams. John Adams (composer) John Coolidge Adams (born February 15, 1947) is an American composer,\",\n \"title\": \"John Adams (composer)\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["massachusetts"],"string":"[\n \"massachusetts\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":894,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who plays mary jane in spiderman 3?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1970581","text":"of the party' personality as shallow and MJ was not ready to be tied down by one man. She eventually became Peter's main love interest after Gwen (who Mary Jane became best friends with) died. Both formed a bond through grief of losing Gwen, got closer, had an on-off relationship for years and eventually married. The character has been portrayed by Kirsten Dunst in the three \"Spider-Man\" feature films directed by Sam Raimi (2002–2007) and by Shailene Woodley in deleted scenes of the 2014 film \"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\". Mary Jane Watson, is first mentioned in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #15","title":"Mary Jane Watson"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970581\",\n \"text\": \"of the party' personality as shallow and MJ was not ready to be tied down by one man. She eventually became Peter's main love interest after Gwen (who Mary Jane became best friends with) died. Both formed a bond through grief of losing Gwen, got closer, had an on-off relationship for years and eventually married. The character has been portrayed by Kirsten Dunst in the three \\\"Spider-Man\\\" feature films directed by Sam Raimi (2002–2007) and by Shailene Woodley in deleted scenes of the 2014 film \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man 2\\\". Mary Jane Watson, is first mentioned in \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man\\\" #15\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"19413397","text":"She was declared Venerable on 9 October 2013. A small museum in Funchal is dedicated to her life and work, and there is a sculpture of her, by Luís Paixão, in the municipal gardens in Santa Cruz. A book on her life \"The invincible Victorian, the life of Mary Jane Wilson\" by Terry Dunphy was published in about 1950 by the Franciscan Sisters of Our Lady of Victories. Mary Jane Wilson Mary Jane Wilson (3 October 1840 - 18 October 1916), or Sister Maria of Saint Francis, was an Englishwoman born in India who founded a Catholic religious order, the","title":"Mary Jane Wilson"},{"psg_id":"11766621","text":"furious Italian Spiderman attacks Maximum's henchmen, killing many in a surprisingly gory battle sequence. Despite Italian Spiderman's efforts the Professor dies but in his last moments gives the Italian Spiderman the potion. Italian Spiderman again attacks the headquarters of Captain Maximum. Despite having the potion, Italian Spiderman overwhelms by his powers alone the newfound army (showing in the process to have a venomous bite and removable moustaches that can double as razor-sharp boomerangs). Later, Italian Spiderman returns home with the Professor's niece, Jessica (Susanna Dekker). When a gigantic Captain Maximum lays siege to the city, Italian Spiderman finally drinks the","title":"Italian Spiderman"},{"psg_id":"5844424","text":"the Buster Brown characters in theaters and stores. This strategy helped the Brown Shoe Company become the most prominently associated brand with the Buster Brown characters. The style of shoe both Buster Brown and Mary Jane wore came to be known by her name, Mary Jane. While the classic Mary Jane still retains its wide popularity and appeal, platform style Mary Janes have also evolved since the late 1990s, with 1-cm to 3-cm (½-in to 1-in) outsoles and 8-cm to 13-cm (3-in to 5-in) \"chunky\" heels, often with exaggerated grommets or buckles. The 1920s-style Mary Janes were a famous part","title":"Mary Jane (shoe)"},{"psg_id":"11766619","text":"\"Franco Franchetti\"), a fat, rude, chain-smoking, and powerful superhero, is the only man capable of holding custody of the valuable asteroid. As soon as Professor Bernardi gives Italian Spiderman the asteroid, he is attacked by the terrible Captain Maximum (Leombruno Tosca) who is interested in using the asteroid for his own evil plans. Foiled in his attempt to steal the asteroid from Bernardi, he transforms the Professor into a snake. Captain Maximum later intercepts the Italian Spiderman and takes the asteroid, although he gives Italian Spiderman a chance to win it by beating Maximum in a surf contest. When Captain","title":"Italian Spiderman"},{"psg_id":"11766617","text":"Italian Spiderman Italian Spiderman is an Australian film parody of Italian action–adventure films of the 1960s and 1970s, first released on YouTube in 2007. The parody purports to be a \"lost Italian film\" by Alrugo Entertainment, an Australian film-making collective formed by Dario Russo, Tait Wilson, David Ashby, Will Spartalis and Boris Repasky. Ostensibly an Italian take on the comic book superhero Spider-Man, the film is a reference to foreign movies that misappropriate popular American superheroes such as the Turkish film \"3 Dev Adam\", and licensed series such as the Japanese TV series \"Spider-Man\", both of which alter the character","title":"Italian Spiderman"},{"psg_id":"11766620","text":"Maximum notices the obviously superior surfing skills of Italian Spiderman, Maximum attempts to win by cheating. His efforts fail, however, as Italian Spiderman summons the help of penguins (which hurl themselves at Captain Maximum and his henchwomen) and wins. When Italian Spiderman returns home, he is again attacked by Captain Maximum's henchmen, where a tranquiliser dart causes the hero to collapse. Waking up in Captain Maximum's lair he witnesses how the professor is forced to use the powers of duplication on one of Captain Maximum's henchmen. Italian Spiderman is forced to watch as the professor is shot by Maximum. The","title":"Italian Spiderman"},{"psg_id":"18433756","text":"Mary Jane McKane Mary Jane McKane is a musical comedy in three acts with book and lyrics by William Carey Duncan and Oscar Hammerstein, II and music by Herbert Stothart and Vincent Youmans. The show was produced by Arthur Hammerstein at the Imperial Theatre, and opened December 25, 1923. It was staged by Alonzo Price, choreographed by Sammy Lee, music director Herbert Stothart, costume design by Charles LeMaire, and scenic design by Frank E. Gates and Edward A. Morange. It ran for 151 performances, closing on May 3, 1924. The cast of included Mary Hay (Mary Jane McKane), Eva Clark","title":"Mary Jane McKane"},{"psg_id":"11766624","text":"a cliffhanger. The May 2010 announcement of the end of Alrugo Entertainment cast doubt on the possible continuation of the project. On 24 October 2011, a video announcement was made declaring the end of the Italian Spiderman project and the formation of a new production company between Dario Russo and David Ashby, called Dinosaur. The same video also officially announced the duo's television show, \"Danger 5\". \"\"Italian Spiderman theme\"/\"Bangarang\"\" Enzo Bontempi (Record Kicks / Soulful Torino Records RK45 017/STR003) Italian Spiderman Italian Spiderman is an Australian film parody of Italian action–adventure films of the 1960s and 1970s, first released on","title":"Italian Spiderman"},{"psg_id":"19413395","text":"Mary Jane Wilson Mary Jane Wilson (3 October 1840 - 18 October 1916), or Sister Maria of Saint Francis, was an Englishwoman born in India who founded a Catholic religious order, the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of Our Lady of Victories, and was declared Venerable by Pope Francis. Wilson was born in Hurryhur, Mysore to English parents, and grew up in the Anglican faith. After the death of her parents she moved to England to the care of an aunt. She converted to Catholicism, and was baptised in France on 11 May 1873. In 1881 she moved to Madeira","title":"Mary Jane Wilson"},{"psg_id":"16452697","text":"Broom\". The pilot episode was filmed in April 2012 at 780 N. Highland Ave. in the Virginia Highland neighborhood of Atlanta. On September 12, 2013, BET renewed \"Being Mary Jane\" for a second season, before the first season premiered. The second season premiered on February 3, 2015, and on February 5 the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered October 20, 2015. In 2016, Gabrielle Union sued BET for allegedly depriving her of agreed upon compensation. Being Mary Jane Being Mary Jane was an American drama television series created by Mara Brock Akil and starring Gabrielle Union, that","title":"Being Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"18433758","text":"business with Jr. and get betrothed in the last act. Opening night of \"Mary Jane McKane\" was also the inaugural performance for the new Imperial Theater at 45th Street, west of Broadway. The New York Times reported that Miss Hay “emerged, let it be recorded, as a sweet, comely, tuneful and most appealing heroine.” Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Mary Jane McKane Mary Jane McKane is a musical comedy in three acts with book and lyrics by William Carey Duncan and Oscar Hammerstein, II and music by Herbert Stothart and Vincent Youmans. The show was produced by Arthur Hammerstein","title":"Mary Jane McKane"},{"psg_id":"10500670","text":"a son, David who has Fragile X Syndrome, the most common inherited form of developmental disability. Mary Jane supports the FRAXA Research Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports scientific research aimed at finding a treatment or a cure for the condition. Clark's former mother-in-law and sister-in-law are the well-known American authors Mary and Carol Higgins Clark, respectively. Key News Wedding Cake Mysteries Mary Jane Clark Mary Jane Clark (born 1954; Mary Jane Elizabeth Behrends) is an American author of two series of suspense novels. Her first twelve books are media thrillers influenced by her three decades of experience in broadcast","title":"Mary Jane Clark"},{"psg_id":"18748993","text":"Mary Jane Carr Mary Jane Carr (April 23, 1895 – January 4, 1988) was an author born in Portland, Oregon. Carr wrote her first poem at the age of eight. While at high school, she relied on her writing to pay her way through school.She had a contract with Walt Disney that would be seen on scree. Other than poems and stories, she also published plays for children. She made a career in journalism spending several years editing the newspapers for Catholic Sentinel. Her first book \"Children of the Covered Wagon\" was published in 1934. This novel would be filmed","title":"Mary Jane Carr"},{"psg_id":"1970619","text":"goes after her. Spider-Man saves Mary Jane and dispatches the hitman. Spider-Man brings the wounded Mary Jane to Doctor Strange, who performs a healing spell on her. Peter insists that Doctor Strange should make people forget he is Spider-Man. Peter enters a protective shell to shield himself from the changes. At the last moment, he leaps out of the shield and pulls Mary Jane in with him so she will not forget either. Back in the present, Mary Jane explains that, although she still loves him, she is not strong enough to be at his side. She tells him he","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"18364894","text":"Mary Jane Farell Mary Jane Farell (March 12, 1920 – 5 October 2015), also known as Mary Jane Kauder, was an American bridge player. Farell grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio, and \"couldn't wait to get home from school to kibitz whenever my mother had the game at our house.\" The family moved to Los Angeles when she was 17 and she began playing duplicate bridge there \"with the young men I dated\". She married one of them, Arnold Kauder, who was her mentor. (They divorced.) She began teaching bridge after World War II. Mary Jane and Arnold Kauder won the","title":"Mary Jane Farell"},{"psg_id":"16452693","text":"Being Mary Jane Being Mary Jane was an American drama television series created by Mara Brock Akil and starring Gabrielle Union, that debuted January 7, 2014 on BET. The 90-minute-pilot for the series aired on July 2, 2013. The series follows professional and personal life of successful TV news anchor Mary Jane Paul, who lives in Atlanta, Georgia. \"Being Mary Jane\" has received positive reviews from critics, and the series premiere on BET had more than 4 million viewers. The second and third seasons received critical acclaim, specifically praising Gabrielle Union's leading performance, Mara Brock Akil's writing, and directing work","title":"Being Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"1970626","text":"she is mourning the loss of her club and offers her a job working for him. Mary Jane later waits for Tony Stark at Stark Tower, but their audition is interrupted by Friday, who tells them that War Machine is missing. Before Tony becomes Iron Man and flies to Tokyo, Mary Jane gives Tony the emergency number for Peter Parker. It is revealed that Mary Jane declined Tony Stark's offer due to being uncomfortable around Friday. However, Tony sends Friday to plead Mary Jane to help him stop the board of directors from seizing his company while he's off on","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"10500668","text":"Mary Jane Clark Mary Jane Clark (born 1954; Mary Jane Elizabeth Behrends) is an American author of two series of suspense novels. Her first twelve books are media thrillers influenced by her three decades of experience in broadcast journalism. She plots murder mysteries investigated and solved by the characters who work at KEY News, the fictional television news world she has created. Her next series is \"The Wedding Cake Mysteries\", featuring an actress-turned wedding cake designer who gets involved in murder cases which threaten to prevent ceremonies. The daughter of a special agent with the FBI who uncovered Russian espionage","title":"Mary Jane Clark"},{"psg_id":"1970636","text":"Uncle Ben is only hinted at), Mary Jane sets out to expose Norman with Peter's help. The novel was successful with teenage girls who were not familiar with the comics, but was met with criticism from the core fans due to its characterization of some of the characters (most notably Harry Osborn, who is portrayed as manipulating Peter into doing his homework while treating him horribly) and changing continuity. The second novel, \"Mary Jane 2\", deals with the continuing relationship of Peter and Mary Jane, and the emergence of Gwen Stacy. In this continuity, Gwen is an 'ugly duckling' who","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"19391466","text":"Mary Jane Warnes Mary Jane Fairbrother, known as Mary Jane Warnes, MBE (18 July 1877 – 19 June 1959) was an Australian activist who in 1926 established the first South Australian branch of the Country Women's Association (CWA). Fairbrother was born in Fullarton, an inner suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, the youngest daughter of Thomas Fairbrother, a gardener, and Jane Mears (née Clarke). She was of English Anglican descent. She received her education at Misses Newman's private school in Parkside. On 12 February 1900, Fairbrother married Isaac James Warnes (1871-1944) at St Augustine's Church in Unley. The couple lived in","title":"Mary Jane Warnes"},{"psg_id":"8864532","text":"Mary Jane Patterson Mary Jane Patterson (September 12, 1840 – September 24, 1894) was the first African-American woman to receive a B.A degree in 1862. Mary Jane Patterson was the oldest of Henry Irving Patterson and Emeline Eliza (Taylor) Patterson's children. There is conflicting data on how many siblings she had, but most sources cite between seven and ten. Henry Patterson worked as a bricklayer and plasterer who gained his freedom, after Mary was born, in 1852. After this, he moved his family north to Ohio. The Pattersons settled in Oberlin, Ohio, in 1856. Oberlin had a large community of","title":"Mary Jane Patterson"},{"psg_id":"15499286","text":"husband Bill. She suffers from psychological problems due to an unhappy childhood. To relieve this, she takes to smoking and drinking. Unfortunately, the problems also cause her to physically abuse her 3-year-old daughter, Mary Jane. One day, Bill comes by to pick up Mary Jane. Rowena tries to make Mary Jane and her house look good to impress Bill, hoping he'll come back home. However, while chasing a cat outside, Mary Jane accidentally falls down, getting dirty. Angered with Rowena for not looking after Mary Jane properly, Bill storms out of the house. Angry with her daughter for ruining it,","title":"Mary Jane Harper Cried Last Night"},{"psg_id":"4203155","text":"film \"Jack the Ripper\", by Heather Graham in the 2001 feature film \"From Hell\", and by Katie Jarvis in the 2015 short film \"Ginger\". \"The Michaelmas Girls\" (1975) by John Brooks Barry features Mary Jane Kelly as a lesbian prostitute who conspires with an impotent male sadist to murder fellow streetwalkers. \"Retour à Whitechapel\" (in French) is a historical detective novel based on the story of Jack the Ripper, written by French author Michel Moatti, centered on Mary Kelly's fictitious daughter, Amelia Pritlowe. Mary Jane Kelly Mary Jane Kelly (c. 1863 – 9 November 1888), also known as Marie Jeanette","title":"Mary Jane Kelly"},{"psg_id":"17248218","text":"to James Budsworth, Mary Jane married head stockman George William Cain in 1865. Much of what is known about the life of Mary Jane Cain was recorded in oral history interviews conducted by Margaret Somerville with four of her descendents—Marie Dundas, May Mead, Janet Robinson and Maureen Sulter. Somerville described Mary as \"the woman who straddles two eras of history—the time before white settlement of this land and the time after. She moves between two worlds of such profound difference, and she gives her people the strength to move forward.\" She quotes Mary Jane, 'We gotta make it good for","title":"Mary Jane Cain"},{"psg_id":"6161454","text":"to the Homecoming dance and to becoming King and Queen with Flash. However, things do not go as Liz planned them: While Flash does become Homecoming King, not Liz but Mary Jane – who wasn't even on the ballot – is voted Queen as a write-in candidate. Mary Jane is shocked that she won and worried how Liz, who suddenly disappeared, reacts. Flash, who still is not over his crush on Mary Jane, thinks fate brought them together and tries to kiss her during the ceremonial post-crowning dance, just as Liz comes back. While Mary Jane tries to explain everything","title":"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"6161450","text":"him, she realizes what a nice guy he is and how much she likes him. Later, after accidentally taking home Flash's notebook and flipping through it, Mary Jane finds out that Flash has a crush on her. Liz tells Mary Jane she suspects Flash has a crush on somebody else. During a school football game Liz loses it and attacks an opposing cheerleader who was talking to Flash. After the incident, Mary Jane tells Liz, who still does not know that Mary Jane is the one Flash has a crush on, she will talk to Flash. After the game, Mary","title":"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"3226455","text":"Jane accompany Harry, who dies peacefully from his injuries. Peter, Mary Jane, and Aunt May attend Harry's funeral. Later, at the nightclub, Peter and Mary Jane reconcile and dance. Spider-Man co-creator Stan Lee has a cameo in \"Spider-Man 3\", as he does in many Marvel-based films. He plays a man who, after reading a news bulletin along with Peter, tells him, \"You know, I guess one person can make a difference,\" followed by his catchphrase \"Nuff said.\" Actor Bruce Campbell, who had cameo roles as a wrestling ring announcer in \"Spider-Man\" and as a rude usher in \"Spider-Man 2\", returns","title":"Spider-Man 3"},{"psg_id":"13391024","text":"Mary Jane Seaman Mary Jane Seaman, married name Mrs. Chippendale (1837?, Salisbury – 26 May 1888, Camberwell) was an English actress. Mary Jane Seaman was an actress who played in the provinces before playing Mrs Wellington de Boots in Joseph Stirling Coyne's comedy \"Everybody's Friend\" at the Theatre Royal, Manchester in October 1859. Under the name Miss Snowdon she made her first London appearance playing Mrs Malaprop in \"The Rivals\" at the Haymarket Theatre in 1863. In 1866 she married her fellow Haymarket actor William Henry Chippendale. She was at the Court Theatre in 1875, and at the Lyceum Theatre","title":"Mary Jane Seaman"},{"psg_id":"19208681","text":"and writings—is held by the Schlesinger Library of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. Mary Jane Coggeshall Mary Jane (Whitely) Coggeshall (1836–1911) was an American suffragist known as the \"mother of woman suffrage in Iowa\". She was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1990. Mary Jane Whitely was born January 17, 1836, in Milton, Indiana, to Isaac Whitely (a farmer) and Lydia (Gunderson) Whitely, who helped support the family by taking in sewing. The family were Quakers, and Isaac kept a station on the Underground Railroad. Whitely attended public schools in Milton. In 1857,","title":"Mary Jane Coggeshall"},{"psg_id":"19208676","text":"Mary Jane Coggeshall Mary Jane (Whitely) Coggeshall (1836–1911) was an American suffragist known as the \"mother of woman suffrage in Iowa\". She was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1990. Mary Jane Whitely was born January 17, 1836, in Milton, Indiana, to Isaac Whitely (a farmer) and Lydia (Gunderson) Whitely, who helped support the family by taking in sewing. The family were Quakers, and Isaac kept a station on the Underground Railroad. Whitely attended public schools in Milton. In 1857, she married John Milton Coggeshall, with whom she had three children, two of whom survived: Clair and","title":"Mary Jane Coggeshall"},{"psg_id":"17248221","text":"erected by the Coonabarabran Rotary Club near the bridge in Coonabarabran to commemorate her 50 years of service to the community. Mary Jane Cain Mary Jane Cain (1844–1929) was an Aboriginal Australian woman who lived in the Coonabarabran region of New South Wales. She was born in 1844 and was instrumental in the establishment of the Burra Bee Dee Aboriginal Reserve in 1912 and came to be known as the Queen of Burrabeedee or \"Queenie Cain\". Mary Jane was the daughter of Jinnie Griffin a full blooded aboriginal woman and Irishman Eugene Griffin. She was born in 1844 on Toorawandi","title":"Mary Jane Cain"},{"psg_id":"17248217","text":"Mary Jane Cain Mary Jane Cain (1844–1929) was an Aboriginal Australian woman who lived in the Coonabarabran region of New South Wales. She was born in 1844 and was instrumental in the establishment of the Burra Bee Dee Aboriginal Reserve in 1912 and came to be known as the Queen of Burrabeedee or \"Queenie Cain\". Mary Jane was the daughter of Jinnie Griffin a full blooded aboriginal woman and Irishman Eugene Griffin. She was born in 1844 on Toorawandi Station and christened at the age of 14 on horseback on the road between Coonabarabran and Mudgee. After her first marriage","title":"Mary Jane Cain"},{"psg_id":"16338726","text":"Mary Jane Fonder Mary Jane Fonder (July 5, 1942 – June 4, 2018) was an American criminal who murdered Rhonda Smith, a fellow congregant, inside their church in Bucks County, Pennsylvania in 2008. Fonder was also investigated, but not charged, in connection with the disappearance of her father, Edward Fonder III, in 1993. Mary Jane Fonder was born on July 5, 1942, to Alice and Edward Fonder III of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fonder and her brother, Edward Fonder IV, grew up in West Philadelphia, where their father was a machinist and their mother was a proofreader. Fonder experienced emotional problems during","title":"Mary Jane Fonder"},{"psg_id":"5103587","text":"She and Lewis remained wed until Lewis' death in 1990. Croft had a son, Eric, by her first marriage, who was killed in action during the Vietnam War. Mary Jane Croft Mary Jane Croft (February 15, 1916 – August 24, 1999) was an American actress best known for her roles as Betty Ramsey on \"I Love Lucy\", Ms. Daisy Enright on the radio and television versions of \"Our Miss Brooks\", Mary Jane Lewis on \"The Lucy Show\" and \"Here's Lucy\", and Clara Randolph on \"The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet\". Described as \"a stage-struck 17-year-old just out of high school\",","title":"Mary Jane Croft"},{"psg_id":"1970623","text":"some sense of responsibility. Octavius, as Peter, continues to date Mary Jane after this, but she begins noticing distinctly different character traits displayed by him, such as a heavy intake of alcohol and his rude behavior towards his loved ones. Octavius intends to become more intimate with her and makes several advances, only to be rebuffed each time. In desperation and frustration, Octavius relives Peter's memories with MJ, which infuriates Peter. After one of Octavius' Spider-Bots detect Mary Jane in trouble and saves her from the Vulture gang, Mary Jane moves to kiss him, but Octavius, who has by now","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"17336631","text":"Mary Jane Russell Mary Jane Russell was a successful New York-based American photographic fashion model between 1948 and 1961. She often worked with Louise Dahl-Wolfe and Irving Penn, and appeared on many covers for \"Vogue\" and \"Harper's Bazaar\" during the course of her modelling career. Her husband was Edward Russell, who became president of the advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach. Mary Jane Walton was born on 10 July 1926 in Teaneck, New Jersey, attended Teaneck High School, and studied art at Sarah Lawrence College in New York. During her time at Sarah Lawrence, Edward Russell, a classmate of hers from","title":"Mary Jane Russell"},{"psg_id":"12840790","text":"have a valid license issued by the state. Numerous picnic tables are spread throughout the park. The Buckeye Trail passes through Mary Jane Thurston State Park for one mile (1.6 km). Mary Jane Thurston State Park Mary Jane Thurston State Park is a Ohio state park in Wood and Henry Counties, Ohio in the United States. It is named for Mary Jane Thurston, a schoolteacher from Grand Rapids, Ohio who bequeathed of land for the establishment of a park. The park is along the Maumee River near the remains of the historic Miami and Erie Canal. Mary Jane Thurston State","title":"Mary Jane Thurston State Park"},{"psg_id":"12840782","text":"Mary Jane Thurston State Park Mary Jane Thurston State Park is a Ohio state park in Wood and Henry Counties, Ohio in the United States. It is named for Mary Jane Thurston, a schoolteacher from Grand Rapids, Ohio who bequeathed of land for the establishment of a park. The park is along the Maumee River near the remains of the historic Miami and Erie Canal. Mary Jane Thurston State Park is open for year-round recreation including, hunting, fishing and boating, picnicking, camping and hiking. Mary Jane Thurston State Park is along the Maumee river near Grand Rapids, OH. This area","title":"Mary Jane Thurston State Park"},{"psg_id":"6161456","text":"time she also becomes closer with Peter Parker, who is now her algebra tutor. Peter and Liz both discourage Mary Jane's interest in Spider-Man. Undaunted, Mary Jane tracks Spider-Man down and asks him for a date, which he plainly refuses. More problems arise for Mary Jane at school. Flash, still hurt by Mary Jane's rejection, bullies Peter and demands that he ends his friendship with her. When Mary Jane tells Flash that he can either stop hurting Peter or stop being her friend, he chooses the latter. Mary Jane wins the lead in the school's production of \"Twelfth Night\", angering","title":"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"17336637","text":"as a case study in law textbooks. After retiring from modelling, Mary Jane Russell and her husband lived in Pound Ridge, New York for 37 years, where she involved herself with local zoning and environmental issues. The Russells then relocated to Bluffton, South Carolina, where Mary Jane involved herself in local Democratic politics. In 2003, Mary Jane died in a Charleston hospital of pulmonary fibrosis which had been diagnosed only a few weeks previously. She was survived by her husband and their three sons. Edward Russell died in 2007. Mary Jane Russell Mary Jane Russell was a successful New York-based","title":"Mary Jane Russell"},{"psg_id":"8864537","text":"of the Colored Woman's League of Washington D.C., which was committed to the \"racial uplift\" of colored women. The group focused on kindergarten teaching training, rescue work, and classes for industrial schools and homemaking. Mary Jane Patterson died at her Washington, D. C. home, September 24, 1894, at the age of 54. Although she is a not well-known figure, Mary Jane Patterson was a pioneer in black education and paved the way for other black female educators. Baumann,Roland M. \"Patterson, Mary Jane.\" \"African American National Biography.\" Oxford African American Studies Center. 20 October 2009. <http://www.oxford.com/artical/opr/t001/e1694>. Mary Jane Patterson Mary Jane","title":"Mary Jane Patterson"},{"psg_id":"16452696","text":"As Mary Jane juggles her life, her work and her commitment to her family, we find out how far she's willing to go to find the puzzle pieces that she, and society, insist are missing from her life as a single Black female. Omari Hardwick plays a potential Mr. Right. Other cast members include Latarsha Rose, Lisa Vidal, Aaron D. Spears, Richard Roundtree, Margaret Avery, Richard Brooks, Tika Sumpter, Raven Goodwin, B.J. Britt, and Robinne Lee. The series is produced by Mara Brock Akil, who produced BET's most successful series ever, \"The Game\", and the romantic comedy film \"Jumping the","title":"Being Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"1970599","text":"opera \"Secret Hospital\", but is unhappy with her character's air-headed and mean personality. On top of that, Caesar, who has been released from prison and is still obsessed with Mary Jane, plots to kidnap her again—this time intending to whisk her away to a private island he owns in the Caribbean. After luring Mary Jane to an abandoned studio and threatening to kill her, Caesar is confronted by Officer Goldman, a policeman assigned to Mary Jane's original case against him. Goldman then shoots Caesar dead, saving Mary Jane's life. Although she successfully petitions her boss to adjust her character's personality,","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"20180893","text":"Mary Jane Kinnaird Mary Kinnaird or Mary Jane Kinnaid, Lady Kinnaird; Mary Jane Hoare (1816 – 1888) was an English philanthropist and co-founder of the Young Women's Christian Association. Kinnaird has at least one school and hospital in India named after her. Kinnaird was born Mary Jane Hoare in 1816 at Blatherwick Park in Northamptonshire. Her parents William Henry and Louisa Elizabeth died in 1819 and 1816 respectively leaving her an orphan whilst still a child. She lived with her paternal grandfather until he died in 1828, when her elder brother became her legal guardian. Her day to day care","title":"Mary Jane Kinnaird"},{"psg_id":"20838289","text":"Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake was an American slave involved in the \"Holmes v. Ford\" case, from which she gained her freedom in 1853. Mary Jane Holmes was born in Missouri on November 29, 1841, to Robin and Polly Holmes, along with five other siblings (Eliza, Clarisa, William, James, and Roxanna). The Holmes family was the property of farmer Nathaniel Ford, who received them while in office as sheriff of Howard County in Missouri. In 1844, Ford moved both his and the Holmes family, including Robin, Polly, the three-year-old Mary Jane, and the younger James","title":"Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake"},{"psg_id":"15499287","text":"Rowena takes Mary Jane into another room and closes the door. Shortly afterwards, Mary Jane is admitted to the hospital for a broken arm. At the hospital, Dr. Angela Buccieri, is assigned to work on Mary Jane. In addition to the broken arm, she notices a couple of healed-over cigarette burns on the girl's buttocks. She questions Rowena, who claims that Mary Jane broke her arm by falling out of her crib, which she still sleeps in since she's a bed-wetter, and that she accidentally bumped into a lit cigarette, claiming that Mary Jane is accident prone and a crier.","title":"Mary Jane Harper Cried Last Night"},{"psg_id":"5844426","text":"the United Kingdom and were fastened by a rectangular chrome buckle and were made under various brand names such as \"No Doubt\", \"Koi Couture\" etc. Mary Janes are a popular part of kinderwhore and Lolita fashion. A pump with a strap across the instep may be referred to as a \"Mary Jane pump\", although it does not have the low heels or wide toe of the original Mary Jane (and a pump is generally strapless by definition). Mary Jane (shoe) Mary Jane (also known as bar shoes or \"doll shoes\") is an American term (formerly a registered trademark) for a","title":"Mary Jane (shoe)"},{"psg_id":"6161455","text":"to Liz, Harry, who had been looking for Liz, comes back and starts fighting with Flash as Liz tells him Flash and Mary Jane made out. Mary Jane storms out and accidentally meets Peter at the Coffee Bean and he later walks her home, where Liz has been waiting for her to apologize and tell Mary Jane that she wanted to become Homecoming Queen so she – despite being her friend – would not hate her anymore for being so popular. Having ended her relationship with Harry, Mary Jane once again focuses her attention on the \"unattainable\" Spider-Man. During this","title":"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"18364895","text":"Hilliard Mixed Pairs (a secondary \"national\" championship after 1946) in 1949 and finished second in 1950. They were second again in 1957, behind Bob Adams and Marilyn Johnson. Johnson and Mary Jane Farell became a strong partnership and won three world championships together. Her second husband Jules Farell died in 2005. Farell was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 1998. Mary Jane Farell Mary Jane Farell (March 12, 1920 – 5 October 2015), also known as Mary Jane Kauder, was an American bridge player. Farell grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio, and \"couldn't wait to get home from school","title":"Mary Jane Farell"},{"psg_id":"4510604","text":"In 2009, McDuffie's husband Robert Funderburg applied for control of the trademark \"Mary Jane Girls\", but the application was abandoned in 2010. Later in 2010, Kimberly \"Maxi\" Wuletich applied for the trademark \"MJB Starring Maxi and Cheri of the Original Mary Jane Girls\", which she uses for performing with Cheri Wells. However, in 2013 the estate of Rick James sued Wuletich and Wells to stop them from performing under the name the Mary Jane Girls. The estate held that the group's name was owned by James, not the singers. In 2014, the Mary Jane Girls (Candice Grant, Val Young, and","title":"Mary Jane Girls"},{"psg_id":"20835370","text":"died in 2004. Mary Jane died at age 106 in Juno Beach, Florida, on July 23, 2018. Mary Jane McCaffree Mary Jane McCaffree Monroe (née Fleming; October 28, 1911 – July 23, 2018) was a White House Social Secretary during the Eisenhower administration and a press and personal secretary for First Lady Mamie Eisenhower. She also served as a protocol specialist in the office of the Chief of Protocol and co-wrote a book on the subject. Born Mary Jane Fleming in New York City, she worked as a secretary for different executives of the 1939 New York World's Fair and","title":"Mary Jane McCaffree"},{"psg_id":"16266547","text":"Mary Jane Innes Mary Jane Innes (née Lewis, 18 April 1852 – 14 November 1941) was a Welsh-born New Zealand brewery manager. Mary Jane Lewis was born on a farm in Llanvaches, Monmouthshire, Wales on 18 April 1852. Her parents were Thomas Lewis and Hannah Morgan Lewis. She immigrated to New Zealand with her older brother and sister in 1870, after their parents died. Mary Jane Innes owned and operated Te Awamutu Brewery from 1877 (with her husband), and Waikato Breweries from 1889. In widowhood she launched the successful C. L. Innes and Company, in partnership with her eldest son","title":"Mary Jane Innes"},{"psg_id":"4510594","text":"Mary Jane Girls The Mary Jane Girls were an American R&B, soul and funk group in the 1980s. They were protégées of singer Rick James. They are known for their hit songs \"In My House\", \"All Night Long\", \"Candy Man\", and their cover version of \"Walk Like a Man\". Joanne \"Jojo\" McDuffie was the lead singer, the others filling out the group's style and appearance. On the studio recordings, McDuffie was backed by session vocalists rather than the other Mary Jane Girls. The Mary Jane Girls released two albums in the 1980s and recorded a third which was never released.","title":"Mary Jane Girls"},{"psg_id":"19720569","text":"Mary Jane Habersham, runs a basket stand on Highway 17 saying, \"I will keep the tradition going on.\" Mary Jane Manigault died on Monday, November 8, 2010 at the age of 97. Manigault passed away in her Hamlin Beach home after suffering a seizure. Manigault had been suffering from sporadic seizures for a year prior to her death and was hospitalized numerous times. Manigault's daughter-in-law, Shirley, recalls her strength in her final months \"every time she would get sick and go to the hospital, when she came home, her mind was fine.\" Mary Jane Manigault Mary Jane Manigault (1913 –","title":"Mary Jane Manigault"},{"psg_id":"1970609","text":"burned down by Charlie Weiderman, and Spider-Man joins the New Avengers, Mary Jane and Aunt May accompany him to live in Stark Tower. Mary Jane immediately feels at home with the New Avengers and is happy to finally be a part of Spider-Man's world. The Civil War events forced Peter to stage a secret transfer of Mary Jane out of Stark Mansion, feeling that with the loss of his secret identity and his doubts about Tony Stark's ideas, Mary Jane had become a hostage in a luxurious house. Now residing in a cheap motel, her whole life had been affected,","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"4203123","text":"Mary Jane Kelly Mary Jane Kelly (c. 1863 – 9 November 1888), also known as Marie Jeanette Kelly, Fair Emma, Ginger, and Black Mary, is widely believed to be the final victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper, who killed and mutilated several women in the Whitechapel area of London from late August to early November 1888. She was about 25 years old, and living in poverty at the time of her death. Compared with other Ripper victims, Kelly's origins are obscure and undocumented, and much of it is possibly embellished. Kelly may have herself fabricated many","title":"Mary Jane Kelly"},{"psg_id":"4510596","text":"career but miscommunication caused the label to sign an all-female group, which he determined would be the Mary Jane Girls. James filled the positions behind McDuffie with Wells, Ghant and Wuletich. He also wrote all the original songs and produced all the recordings. The Waters sisters and McDuffie sang all the parts on the first Mary Jane Girls album: \"Mary Jane Girls\" (1983). The album yielded their first R&B hits: \"Candy Man\", \"All Night Long\" (which was later included in the soundtrack of the 2002 video game \"\"), and \"Boys\". In live performances, the Mary Jane Girls were backed by","title":"Mary Jane Girls"},{"psg_id":"1970614","text":"into bed with Carr, and is later attacked by Paperdoll. Concealing herself in the panic room, Mary Jane observes a battle between Spider-Man and Paperdoll, and communicates with Spider-Man over the intercom. Mary Jane says that she and Spider-Man made a great team \"in another life\" and longingly touches a monitor screen showing his face, hinting that she still has strong feelings and misses him. Peter does not learn that Mary Jane is the girlfriend of Carr nor that she was the voice on the intercom. Mary Jane is seen at the conclusion of the issue contemplating a phone call","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"18433757","text":"(Louise Dryer), James Heenan (Andrew Dunn, Sr.), Kitty Kelly (Maggie Murphy), Louis Morrell (George Sherwin), Stanley Ridges (Andrew Dunn, Jr.), Hal Skelly (Joe McGillicudy), and Dallas Welford (Martin Frost). The plot concerns a cute country girl named Mary Jane (Mary Hay) who applies for a job in the Dunns’ offices. Although she is a good stenographer, they are concerned about hiring her because she is too pretty for Andrew Dunn, Jr. (Stanley Ridges). She gets the job by slicking down her bobbed hair and putting on goggles. Later, after Mr. Dunn Sr. (James Heenan) fires Jr., Mary Jane goes into","title":"Mary Jane McKane"},{"psg_id":"1970634","text":"\"Ultimate Spider-Man\" comics after Peter had died in \"The Death of Spider-Man\" storyline in issue #160 and after his subsequent revival (in \"Miles Morales: Ultimate Spider-Man\" #7) as well. Mary Jane Watson has appeared in numerous \"Spider-Man\" video games. Romance novelist Judith O'Brien wrote two young adult novels featuring a teenage Mary Jane in 2003 and 2004. They featured illustrations by Mike Mayhew. The first novel is a basic retelling of the origin story from Mary Jane's point of view. She is depicted as a shy, insecure girl who knew Peter Parker from elementary school. She deals with such problems","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"20126275","text":"Black Spiderman \"Black Spiderman\" is a song by American rapper Logic featuring singer Damian Lemar Hudson. It was released on April 13, 2017, through Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings, as the second single from his third studio album \"Everybody\". It was awarded a 2017 MTV Video Music Award for \"Best Fight Against the System.\" The song was produced by Logic, 6ix and DJ Khalil. Logic teased the song on November 30, 2016 on his Twitter account with the caption saying \"When you feel it in your SOUL!\". In the liner notes for the song, Logic said that: This","title":"Black Spiderman"},{"psg_id":"10862057","text":"21st century, who recognized her achievements and the value of her work. Mary Jane Holmes Mary Jane Holmes (April 5, 1825 – October 6, 1907) was an American author who published 39 novels, as well as short stories. Her first novel sold 250,000 copies; and she had total sales of 2 million books in her lifetime, second only to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Portraying domestic life in small-town and rural settings, she examined gender relationships, as well as those of class and race. She also dealt with slavery and the American Civil War with a strong sense of moral justice. Since","title":"Mary Jane Holmes"},{"psg_id":"20126277","text":"the Canadian Hot 100 for the chart dated May 6, 2017. Black Spiderman \"Black Spiderman\" is a song by American rapper Logic featuring singer Damian Lemar Hudson. It was released on April 13, 2017, through Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings, as the second single from his third studio album \"Everybody\". It was awarded a 2017 MTV Video Music Award for \"Best Fight Against the System.\" The song was produced by Logic, 6ix and DJ Khalil. Logic teased the song on November 30, 2016 on his Twitter account with the caption saying \"When you feel it in your SOUL!\".","title":"Black Spiderman"},{"psg_id":"20126276","text":"song is the celebration of unity and a world built upon division. People say things like I don’t see color, I just see people. To which I retour you should see color, you should see a black man, a white woman, a brown little girl or any other color of the rainbow. The song's accompanying music video premiered on April 13, 2017 on Logic's Vevo account on YouTube. In August 2017, \"Black Spiderman\" was awarded an MTV Video Music Award for \"Best Fight Against the System.\" \"Black Spiderman\" debuted at number 87 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 80","title":"Black Spiderman"},{"psg_id":"4081310","text":"in a contemporary context.\" Patchwork consists of Lamond and her first cousin, Laurel MacDonald, who perform Gaelic and English language songs. They perform a show entitled \"She Sings as She Flies: Revisiting the Helen Creighton Song Collection,\" and will be joined by Nicole LeBlanc, Kirsten Olivia, and Naomi Dawn Poulette singing songs from the Acadian, African Nova Scotian, and Mi'kmaq communities, respectively. Mary Jane Lamond Mary Jane Lamond (born 1960) is a Canadian Celtic folk musician who performs traditional Canadian Gaelic folk songs from Cape Breton Island. Her music combines traditional and contemporary material. Lamond is known as the vocalist","title":"Mary Jane Lamond"},{"psg_id":"14753097","text":"EPs Mary Jane Kelly (band) Mary Jane Kelly is an Australian hardcore band out of Wollongong New South Wales that formed in 2005. The band shares its name with the last known victim of Jack The Ripper. Mary Jane Kelly have released 2 EP’s the first was released in 2007 entitled \"Marionettes\". Their second entitled \"Our Streets Turn White\" was released on 11 October 2008 through Trial and Error Records. Mary Jane Kelly's debut album was released on 12 March 2010 entitled \"Like There's No Tomorrow\" Mary Jane Kelly was formed in Wollongong New South Wales, in early 2005. Matt","title":"Mary Jane Kelly (band)"},{"psg_id":"14753091","text":"Mary Jane Kelly (band) Mary Jane Kelly is an Australian hardcore band out of Wollongong New South Wales that formed in 2005. The band shares its name with the last known victim of Jack The Ripper. Mary Jane Kelly have released 2 EP’s the first was released in 2007 entitled \"Marionettes\". Their second entitled \"Our Streets Turn White\" was released on 11 October 2008 through Trial and Error Records. Mary Jane Kelly's debut album was released on 12 March 2010 entitled \"Like There's No Tomorrow\" Mary Jane Kelly was formed in Wollongong New South Wales, in early 2005. Matt Velozo","title":"Mary Jane Kelly (band)"},{"psg_id":"20180900","text":"the British government raised the age of consent from thirteen to sixteen. In 1887, Kinneard was widowed, and her son Arthur became the 11th Lord Kinnaird. She died in 1888, survived by Arthur and Frederica Georgina (1845–1929), Louisa Elizabeth (1848–1926), Agneta Olivia (1850–1940), Gertrude Mary (1853–1931) and Emily Cecilia Kinnaird. Frederica and Agneta both married, but the three unmarried daughters, Louisa, Gertrude and Emily, continued their mother's good works. Louisa was active in London but both Gertrude and particularly Emily were missionaries. Mary Jane Kinnaird Mary Kinnaird or Mary Jane Kinnaid, Lady Kinnaird; Mary Jane Hoare (1816 – 1888) was","title":"Mary Jane Kinnaird"},{"psg_id":"17248220","text":"Reserve (no. 47521) was gazetted on 21 February 1912, it included a small parcel of land at Forky Mountain that had already been granted to Mary and her family by Queen Victoria. Mary Jane Cain died at Burra Bee Dee, Coonabarabran, NSW on 29 July 1929 aged 85. Mary Jane Cain spoke a local indigenous language, possibly Gamilaraay, and a manuscript compiled by Mary is held at the State Library of New South Wales containing wordlists of place names and the natural environment. A bridge over the Castlereagh River in Coonabarabran was named after Mary Jane Cain. A plaque was","title":"Mary Jane Cain"},{"psg_id":"16266549","text":"East Cemetery. In 2013, she was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame, 72 years after her death. Objects and papers belonging to Innes and her family are part of the collection in the Waikato Museum. Mary Jane's grandson Colin V. Innes co-wrote a book about the family's early history in brewing, \"A Crown for the Lady: The Unravelling of a Pioneer Story\" (Tauranga: Moana Press, 1989). Mary Jane Innes Mary Jane Innes (née Lewis, 18 April 1852 – 14 November 1941) was a Welsh-born New Zealand brewery manager. Mary Jane Lewis was born on a farm in","title":"Mary Jane Innes"},{"psg_id":"15723588","text":"from the Illinois Judges Association, the Mary Heftel Hooten Award from the Women's Bar Association of Illinois, and the Access to Justice Award from the Illinois State Bar Association. Theis is married to John T. Theis, and they have two children and four grandchildren. Mary Jane Theis Mary Jane Theis (February 27, 1949) is an Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the First Judicial District in Cook County, Illinois. She was born Mary Jane Wendt in Chicago, Illinois, to Eleanore and Kenneth Wendt, a member of the Illinois General Assembly and a longtime judge in Cook County. She received her bachelor's","title":"Mary Jane Theis"},{"psg_id":"1970625","text":"and her new relationship with Ollie. As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel event, Mary Jane Watson is in Chicago, Illinois hosting the opening of her newest nightclub Jackpot. Mary Jane had opened this nightclub after MJ's got destroyed during a superhero battle. When a Belhilio is quickly killed by an energy blast from Madame Masque, people start to run away as Iron Man and Doctor Doom arrive to confront her. With Mary Jane's assistance, Masque is apprehended, but during the fight the nightclub is irrevocably damaged. Three days later, Iron Man approaches Mary Jane Watson in Grant Park while","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"15499294","text":"hospital to check on smoke inhalation, and Rowena is arrested for child endangerment. When Mary Jane arrives at the hospital, Dr. Buccieri calls Dr. Helgerson and informs him of what happened. This time, he becomes more involved, ordering a set of full-skeletal x-rays. Dr. Buccieri tries again to talk to Mary Jane, who has become mute, giving her a china doll and tells the child how, when she was young, she used to talk to her doll about her abusive parents. She encourages Mary Jane to do the same. However, Mary Jane throws the doll on the ground, causing it","title":"Mary Jane Harper Cried Last Night"},{"psg_id":"9256857","text":"Mary Jane Owen Mary Jane McKeown Owen is a disability rights activist, philosopher, policy expert and writer who has lived and worked in Washington, D.C. since 1979. Owen was born in northern Illinois to Methodist ministers and came from a long line of traditional feminists. She became involved with social justice at a young age, demonstrating against segregation with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in Los Angeles, California, in 1949. After graduating from the University of New Mexico she studied at the New School for Social Research in New York City and received a master's degree in social work","title":"Mary Jane Owen"},{"psg_id":"20458491","text":"Mary Jane Saunders Mary Jane Saunders is an American academic who served as president of Florida Atlantic University from 2010 to 2013. She has a background in scientific research and administration, specializing in biology. Saunders is originally from Worcester, Massachusetts. She completed a B.A. in biology at Boston University, and then pursued further studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, completing an M.Sc. and a Ph.D. in botany. She is married to chemistry professor George R. Newkome. After a period as an associate professor at Louisiana State University, she joined South Florida University in 1986, eventually becoming director of its","title":"Mary Jane Saunders"},{"psg_id":"7541175","text":"the Hotline.\" Though the tempo has been slowed, the melody heard in Weezer's \"Peace\", bears resemblance to the opening riff of \"Mary Jane\". It is believed to be the origin of the band title for the Mary Jane Girls (a popular band in the '80s), who performed on James's composition \"All Night Long\". Mack 10's song on \"Them Thangs\" uses a sample from this song. James' stage banter from a live performance of \"Mary Jane\" at Long Beach Arena in July 1981 was sampled in Kanye West's 2010 single \"Runaway,\" including the phrases \"And I want to show you how","title":"Mary Jane (Rick James song)"},{"psg_id":"7541170","text":"Mary Jane (Rick James song) \"Mary Jane\" is a song by American funk singer Rick James. It was released in 1978 as the second single from his debut album \"Come Get It!\". The song peaked in the top five on the R&B charts in the United States in 1978. As one of his earliest hits as a solo artist, it is one of his most notable songs. It was composed by James, along with keyboardist Billy Nunn, who was credited for the keyboards, strings, background vocals, helping to compose the song, arranging flute parts, and other instrumentation work. \"Mary Jane\"","title":"Mary Jane (Rick James song)"},{"psg_id":"20458493","text":"university was criticized for awarding naming rights for FAU Stadium to GEO Group, a private prison company, and for its handling of associate professor James Tracy's promotion of Sandy Hook massacre conspiracy theories. Mary Jane Saunders Mary Jane Saunders is an American academic who served as president of Florida Atlantic University from 2010 to 2013. She has a background in scientific research and administration, specializing in biology. Saunders is originally from Worcester, Massachusetts. She completed a B.A. in biology at Boston University, and then pursued further studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, completing an M.Sc. and a Ph.D. in","title":"Mary Jane Saunders"},{"psg_id":"18751835","text":"winner and former East Timor President José Ramos-Horta, British tycoon Richard Branson, English musician Tony Iommi and American author Eve Ensler spoke publicly in support of Veloso. The petition to have her released in Change.org was the fastest-growing petition from the Philippines ever and gained over 250,000 signatories from over 125 countries. On 27 April 2015, during the ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur, representatives from the ASEAN Youth Forum met with Widodo in an attempt to save Veloso's life. Mary Jane Veloso Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso is a Filipino woman who was arrested and sentenced to death for smuggling heroin","title":"Mary Jane Veloso"},{"psg_id":"18751827","text":"Mary Jane Veloso Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso is a Filipino woman who was arrested and sentenced to death for smuggling heroin into Indonesia. Her case, among others, sparked international attention towards Indonesia's capital punishment and drug prohibition laws. Veloso was born in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. She is the youngest of five siblings. She and her husband married when she was around 17 years old but they later separated. They have two sons. Prior to her arrest, in 2009, Veloso worked in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates for about six months. Her father said that she left her job because","title":"Mary Jane Veloso"},{"psg_id":"9256862","text":"a leader in the national disability community and draws from a background as a professor, federal administrator, consultant, writer, businesswoman, and social worker. She is partially hearing, uses a wheelchair and recently regained her sight after 30 years of blindness. Mary Jane Owen Mary Jane McKeown Owen is a disability rights activist, philosopher, policy expert and writer who has lived and worked in Washington, D.C. since 1979. Owen was born in northern Illinois to Methodist ministers and came from a long line of traditional feminists. She became involved with social justice at a young age, demonstrating against segregation with the","title":"Mary Jane Owen"},{"psg_id":"20307955","text":"was the only Native American who served on the commission during her term which lasted until 2006. In 2003, she was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve on the U.S. Census Advisory Committee on American Indian and Alaska Native Populations. In 2012 Fate was honored by the Alaska Federation of Natives with two President's Awards, receiving both the Public Service Award and the Citizen of the Year Award, the highest honor the board bestows. She was inducted into the Alaska Women's Hall of Fame in 2014. Mary Jane Fate Mary Jane Fate (born 1933) is a Koyukon Athabascan","title":"Mary Jane Fate"},{"psg_id":"19538290","text":"age. A reviewer called the book \"a fast, bouncy, information-loaded\" description of the era -- one that focused on \"actors, actresses, sponsors, engineers, agents, writers, sound men, on everything and everybody who made pre-TV radio tick\" rather than on herself. Higby married actor Guy Sorel January 13, 1945, in New York City, New York. Mary Jane Higby Mary Jane Higby (May 29, 1909 - February 1, 1986) was an American actress in the era of old-time radio and the early years of television. She is best known for her 18 years in the leading role on \"When a Girl Marries\".","title":"Mary Jane Higby"},{"psg_id":"17344644","text":"who has gone to death for this cause\". Mary Jane Clarke Mary Jane Clarke (1862–1910), was a British suffragette. She was the younger sister of suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst and she died after being force fed whilst in prison. Clarke was born in Salford and was one of ten children; her older sister Emmeline Pankhurst being one of them. Her father was the managing director of a cotton-printing works. She was educated at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris along with her sister. She was co-founder with Emmeline of the Emerson & Co. shop in Hampstead Row. At the shop, her artistic","title":"Mary Jane Clarke"},{"psg_id":"4081304","text":"Mary Jane Lamond Mary Jane Lamond (born 1960) is a Canadian Celtic folk musician who performs traditional Canadian Gaelic folk songs from Cape Breton Island. Her music combines traditional and contemporary material. Lamond is known as the vocalist on Ashley MacIsaac's 1995 hit single \"Sleepy Maggie\", and for her solo Top 40 hit \"Horo Ghoid thu Nighean\", the first single from her 1997 album \"Suas e!\". Her 2012 collaboration with fiddler Wendy MacIsaac, \"Seinn,\" was named one of the top 10 folk and americana albums of 2012 by National Public Radio in the United States. Born in Kingston, Ontario, the","title":"Mary Jane Lamond"},{"psg_id":"1970582","text":"(August 1964), and is initially used as a running joke of the series, as Peter Parker's Aunt May repeatedly attempts to set her unwilling nephew up on a date with her. Parker (also known as Spider-Man) consistently worms his way out of meeting Mary Jane who, aside from a brief appearance in #25 (June 1965) with her face obscured, is never actually seen until \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #42 (November 1966). Peter David wrote in 2010 that artist John Romita Sr. \"made the definitive statement of his arrival by pulling Mary Jane out from behind the oversized potted plant [that blocked","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"10862047","text":"Mary Jane Holmes Mary Jane Holmes (April 5, 1825 – October 6, 1907) was an American author who published 39 novels, as well as short stories. Her first novel sold 250,000 copies; and she had total sales of 2 million books in her lifetime, second only to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Portraying domestic life in small-town and rural settings, she examined gender relationships, as well as those of class and race. She also dealt with slavery and the American Civil War with a strong sense of moral justice. Since the late 20th century, she has received fresh recognition and reappraisal, although","title":"Mary Jane Holmes"},{"psg_id":"6161440","text":"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane is an American comic book series focusing on a teenage Mary Jane, the love interest of superhero Spider-Man. The series, published by Marvel Comics, is a teen drama set outside the regular Marvel continuity, and aimed at fans of soap operas as opposed to the main comic book audience. It was originally written by Sean McKeever with art by penciller Takeshi Miyazawa (who left after issue #15 and was replaced by David Hahn, but continued providing covers) and colorist Christina Strain. The series began publication in December 2005 and was preceded by","title":"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"1970600","text":"a deranged fan tries to kill Mary Jane out of hatred for the actions of her soap opera character. Mary Jane quits her job out of fear for her own safety and returns to modeling. This, along with Peter's role as Spider-Man, triggers a growing divide. She briefly flirts with actor Jason Jerome, who tries to tempt her into a secret affair, kissing her twice. She resists out of faithfulness to Peter, but her weak rebuffs fail to convince Jerome, and she realizes she is enticed by him in spite of herself. However, she eventually realizes that her craving for","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"1970592","text":"insanity, temporarily restoring his memories as the Green Goblin. After the Green Goblin murders Gwen in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #121, Mary Jane attempts to comfort Peter. Peter, who is distraught over the loss of Gwen Stacy, angrily confronts MJ about her seemingly flighty and carefree attitude. He questions her ability to ever care about people like him and Gwen, and states \"You wouldn't be sorry if your own mother died,\" unaware that her mother had actually died. Mary Jane is hurt by Peter's comments. She attempts to leave, but hesitates as she approaches the door, and ultimately chooses to stay","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"1970591","text":"to date her, much to the annoyance of Gwen Stacy. However, they eventually become irritated with each other and Peter subsequently chooses to date Gwen. Mary Jane, who becomes Harry Osborn's love interest and girlfriend, remains a close friend to Peter and Gwen. Despite her enjoyment of life, her friendships, and dating, Mary Jane refuses to be tied down for too long. When her relationship with Harry Osborn comes to an end, it has significant impact on Harry, driving him to a drug overdose. This in turn creates a boomerang effect, driving his father Norman Osborn to the brink of","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"16452695","text":"Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special, and Union for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. The series later received another nine NAACP Image Awards nominations, include two for Outstanding Drama Series. The show was originally to be called \"Single Black Female\". The series centers on successful broadcast journalist Mary Jane Paul (played by Gabrielle Union) and her professional and private family life while searching for \"Mr. Right\": Mary Jane Paul has it all: she's a successful TV news anchor, entirely self-sufficient – an all-around powerhouse who remains devoted to a family that doesn’t share her motivation.","title":"Being Mary Jane"},{"psg_id":"20826776","text":"press and several poems. Having returned to America, she reported on events in Ireland for the \"Gaelic American\". \"In memory of Padraig Pearse\", her last poem was written days before her own death. O'Donovan died in New York on 18 August 1916. Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa (27 January 1845 – 18 August 1916) was an Irish poet and political activist. Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa, born Mary Jane Irwin, was born in Clonakilty, County Cork on 27 January 1845. She was the daughter of Maxwell Irwin, a merchant, and a member of the Young Ireland movement. She","title":"Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa"},{"psg_id":"20826772","text":"Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa (27 January 1845 – 18 August 1916) was an Irish poet and political activist. Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa, born Mary Jane Irwin, was born in Clonakilty, County Cork on 27 January 1845. She was the daughter of Maxwell Irwin, a merchant, and a member of the Young Ireland movement. She attended boarding school, at the Sacred Heart Convent, Roscrea, and began writing poetry as a child. She married Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa on 22 August 1864. Her husband swore her brothers in to the IRB. The couple went on to have 13 children,","title":"Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa"},{"psg_id":"1970633","text":"more regularly and they talked about recent events. Finally, Peter told Mary Jane that he needed her in his life once again, prompting Mary Jane to decide on a \"fresh start\" and resume her romantic relationship with him. In addition to her mainstream incarnation, Mary Jane Watson has been depicted in other fictional universes. In one reality visited by the Exiles, where she was Spider-Woman, she had a relationship with Exiles member Sunfire (Mariko Yashida). In the Ultimate Marvel universe, she dated Harry Osborn before Peter and she learned Peter was Spider-Man in issue #13. She still had cameos in","title":"Mary Jane Watson"},{"psg_id":"16458139","text":"Mary Jane Irwin Mary Jane Irwin is the Evan Pugh Professor and A. Robert Noll Chair in Engineering in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. She has been on the faculty at Penn State since 1977. She is an international expert in computer architecture. Her research and teaching interests include computer architecture, embedded and mobile computing systems design, power and reliability aware design, and emerging technologies in computing systems. Mary Jane Irwin received her B.S. in Mathematics from Memphis State University in 1971, and her M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of","title":"Mary Jane Irwin"},{"psg_id":"4510601","text":"work in 1986 when James and Motown were in dispute, since the Mary Jane Girls had no label support. The Mary Jane Girls officially disbanded in 1987. Cheri Wells was recruited away from the Mary Jane Girls by Morris Day to be the lead singer for his all-female band the Day Zs, which released one album and one single on Reprise in 1990. These releases did not chart. In 1991, Marine sued Virgin Records, claiming that she had shared the lead vocals on the songs \"Opposites Attract\", \"Knocked Out\", and \"I Need You\" on Paula Abdul's debut album \"Forever Your","title":"Mary Jane Girls"},{"psg_id":"19720565","text":"Mary Jane Manigault Mary Jane Manigault (1913 – November 8, 2010) was a sweetgrass basket maker from Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. In 1984, Manigault was awarded a National Endowment for the Arts National Heritage Fellowship. Mary Jane Manigault began Sweetwater Basket-weaving at a young age, and the tradition has been continued by her children and grandchildren. The art of aweetwater basket-weaving is an important tradition in the Gullah culture and has been a prominent practice in communities brought over to the United States as early slaves. Manigault was born in 1913 in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina to Solomon and Sally","title":"Mary Jane Manigault"},{"psg_id":"15723586","text":"Mary Jane Theis Mary Jane Theis (February 27, 1949) is an Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the First Judicial District in Cook County, Illinois. She was born Mary Jane Wendt in Chicago, Illinois, to Eleanore and Kenneth Wendt, a member of the Illinois General Assembly and a longtime judge in Cook County. She received her bachelor's degree from Loyola University Chicago and her law degree from the University of San Francisco School of Law. Theis was Assistant Public Defender in Cook County from 1974 to 1983. Theis became a judge in 1983, serving as Associate Judge (1983–1988), Circuit Court Judge","title":"Mary Jane Theis"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19413397\",\n \"text\": \"She was declared Venerable on 9 October 2013. A small museum in Funchal is dedicated to her life and work, and there is a sculpture of her, by Luís Paixão, in the municipal gardens in Santa Cruz. A book on her life \\\"The invincible Victorian, the life of Mary Jane Wilson\\\" by Terry Dunphy was published in about 1950 by the Franciscan Sisters of Our Lady of Victories. Mary Jane Wilson Mary Jane Wilson (3 October 1840 - 18 October 1916), or Sister Maria of Saint Francis, was an Englishwoman born in India who founded a Catholic religious order, the\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Wilson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11766621\",\n \"text\": \"furious Italian Spiderman attacks Maximum's henchmen, killing many in a surprisingly gory battle sequence. Despite Italian Spiderman's efforts the Professor dies but in his last moments gives the Italian Spiderman the potion. Italian Spiderman again attacks the headquarters of Captain Maximum. Despite having the potion, Italian Spiderman overwhelms by his powers alone the newfound army (showing in the process to have a venomous bite and removable moustaches that can double as razor-sharp boomerangs). Later, Italian Spiderman returns home with the Professor's niece, Jessica (Susanna Dekker). When a gigantic Captain Maximum lays siege to the city, Italian Spiderman finally drinks the\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Spiderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5844424\",\n \"text\": \"the Buster Brown characters in theaters and stores. This strategy helped the Brown Shoe Company become the most prominently associated brand with the Buster Brown characters. The style of shoe both Buster Brown and Mary Jane wore came to be known by her name, Mary Jane. While the classic Mary Jane still retains its wide popularity and appeal, platform style Mary Janes have also evolved since the late 1990s, with 1-cm to 3-cm (½-in to 1-in) outsoles and 8-cm to 13-cm (3-in to 5-in) \\\"chunky\\\" heels, often with exaggerated grommets or buckles. The 1920s-style Mary Janes were a famous part\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane (shoe)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11766619\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Franco Franchetti\\\"), a fat, rude, chain-smoking, and powerful superhero, is the only man capable of holding custody of the valuable asteroid. As soon as Professor Bernardi gives Italian Spiderman the asteroid, he is attacked by the terrible Captain Maximum (Leombruno Tosca) who is interested in using the asteroid for his own evil plans. Foiled in his attempt to steal the asteroid from Bernardi, he transforms the Professor into a snake. Captain Maximum later intercepts the Italian Spiderman and takes the asteroid, although he gives Italian Spiderman a chance to win it by beating Maximum in a surf contest. When Captain\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Spiderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11766617\",\n \"text\": \"Italian Spiderman Italian Spiderman is an Australian film parody of Italian action–adventure films of the 1960s and 1970s, first released on YouTube in 2007. The parody purports to be a \\\"lost Italian film\\\" by Alrugo Entertainment, an Australian film-making collective formed by Dario Russo, Tait Wilson, David Ashby, Will Spartalis and Boris Repasky. Ostensibly an Italian take on the comic book superhero Spider-Man, the film is a reference to foreign movies that misappropriate popular American superheroes such as the Turkish film \\\"3 Dev Adam\\\", and licensed series such as the Japanese TV series \\\"Spider-Man\\\", both of which alter the character\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Spiderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11766620\",\n \"text\": \"Maximum notices the obviously superior surfing skills of Italian Spiderman, Maximum attempts to win by cheating. His efforts fail, however, as Italian Spiderman summons the help of penguins (which hurl themselves at Captain Maximum and his henchwomen) and wins. When Italian Spiderman returns home, he is again attacked by Captain Maximum's henchmen, where a tranquiliser dart causes the hero to collapse. Waking up in Captain Maximum's lair he witnesses how the professor is forced to use the powers of duplication on one of Captain Maximum's henchmen. Italian Spiderman is forced to watch as the professor is shot by Maximum. The\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Spiderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18433756\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane McKane Mary Jane McKane is a musical comedy in three acts with book and lyrics by William Carey Duncan and Oscar Hammerstein, II and music by Herbert Stothart and Vincent Youmans. The show was produced by Arthur Hammerstein at the Imperial Theatre, and opened December 25, 1923. It was staged by Alonzo Price, choreographed by Sammy Lee, music director Herbert Stothart, costume design by Charles LeMaire, and scenic design by Frank E. Gates and Edward A. Morange. It ran for 151 performances, closing on May 3, 1924. The cast of included Mary Hay (Mary Jane McKane), Eva Clark\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane McKane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11766624\",\n \"text\": \"a cliffhanger. The May 2010 announcement of the end of Alrugo Entertainment cast doubt on the possible continuation of the project. On 24 October 2011, a video announcement was made declaring the end of the Italian Spiderman project and the formation of a new production company between Dario Russo and David Ashby, called Dinosaur. The same video also officially announced the duo's television show, \\\"Danger 5\\\". \\\"\\\"Italian Spiderman theme\\\"/\\\"Bangarang\\\"\\\" Enzo Bontempi (Record Kicks / Soulful Torino Records RK45 017/STR003) Italian Spiderman Italian Spiderman is an Australian film parody of Italian action–adventure films of the 1960s and 1970s, first released on\",\n \"title\": \"Italian Spiderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19413395\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Wilson Mary Jane Wilson (3 October 1840 - 18 October 1916), or Sister Maria of Saint Francis, was an Englishwoman born in India who founded a Catholic religious order, the Congregation of the Franciscan Sisters of Our Lady of Victories, and was declared Venerable by Pope Francis. Wilson was born in Hurryhur, Mysore to English parents, and grew up in the Anglican faith. After the death of her parents she moved to England to the care of an aunt. She converted to Catholicism, and was baptised in France on 11 May 1873. In 1881 she moved to Madeira\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Wilson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16452697\",\n \"text\": \"Broom\\\". The pilot episode was filmed in April 2012 at 780 N. Highland Ave. in the Virginia Highland neighborhood of Atlanta. On September 12, 2013, BET renewed \\\"Being Mary Jane\\\" for a second season, before the first season premiered. The second season premiered on February 3, 2015, and on February 5 the series was renewed for a third season, which premiered October 20, 2015. In 2016, Gabrielle Union sued BET for allegedly depriving her of agreed upon compensation. Being Mary Jane Being Mary Jane was an American drama television series created by Mara Brock Akil and starring Gabrielle Union, that\",\n \"title\": \"Being Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18433758\",\n \"text\": \"business with Jr. and get betrothed in the last act. Opening night of \\\"Mary Jane McKane\\\" was also the inaugural performance for the new Imperial Theater at 45th Street, west of Broadway. The New York Times reported that Miss Hay “emerged, let it be recorded, as a sweet, comely, tuneful and most appealing heroine.” Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Mary Jane McKane Mary Jane McKane is a musical comedy in three acts with book and lyrics by William Carey Duncan and Oscar Hammerstein, II and music by Herbert Stothart and Vincent Youmans. The show was produced by Arthur Hammerstein\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane McKane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10500670\",\n \"text\": \"a son, David who has Fragile X Syndrome, the most common inherited form of developmental disability. Mary Jane supports the FRAXA Research Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports scientific research aimed at finding a treatment or a cure for the condition. Clark's former mother-in-law and sister-in-law are the well-known American authors Mary and Carol Higgins Clark, respectively. Key News Wedding Cake Mysteries Mary Jane Clark Mary Jane Clark (born 1954; Mary Jane Elizabeth Behrends) is an American author of two series of suspense novels. Her first twelve books are media thrillers influenced by her three decades of experience in broadcast\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Clark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18748993\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Carr Mary Jane Carr (April 23, 1895 – January 4, 1988) was an author born in Portland, Oregon. Carr wrote her first poem at the age of eight. While at high school, she relied on her writing to pay her way through school.She had a contract with Walt Disney that would be seen on scree. Other than poems and stories, she also published plays for children. She made a career in journalism spending several years editing the newspapers for Catholic Sentinel. Her first book \\\"Children of the Covered Wagon\\\" was published in 1934. This novel would be filmed\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Carr\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970619\",\n \"text\": \"goes after her. Spider-Man saves Mary Jane and dispatches the hitman. Spider-Man brings the wounded Mary Jane to Doctor Strange, who performs a healing spell on her. Peter insists that Doctor Strange should make people forget he is Spider-Man. Peter enters a protective shell to shield himself from the changes. At the last moment, he leaps out of the shield and pulls Mary Jane in with him so she will not forget either. Back in the present, Mary Jane explains that, although she still loves him, she is not strong enough to be at his side. She tells him he\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18364894\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Farell Mary Jane Farell (March 12, 1920 – 5 October 2015), also known as Mary Jane Kauder, was an American bridge player. Farell grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio, and \\\"couldn't wait to get home from school to kibitz whenever my mother had the game at our house.\\\" The family moved to Los Angeles when she was 17 and she began playing duplicate bridge there \\\"with the young men I dated\\\". She married one of them, Arnold Kauder, who was her mentor. (They divorced.) She began teaching bridge after World War II. Mary Jane and Arnold Kauder won the\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Farell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16452693\",\n \"text\": \"Being Mary Jane Being Mary Jane was an American drama television series created by Mara Brock Akil and starring Gabrielle Union, that debuted January 7, 2014 on BET. The 90-minute-pilot for the series aired on July 2, 2013. The series follows professional and personal life of successful TV news anchor Mary Jane Paul, who lives in Atlanta, Georgia. \\\"Being Mary Jane\\\" has received positive reviews from critics, and the series premiere on BET had more than 4 million viewers. The second and third seasons received critical acclaim, specifically praising Gabrielle Union's leading performance, Mara Brock Akil's writing, and directing work\",\n \"title\": \"Being Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970626\",\n \"text\": \"she is mourning the loss of her club and offers her a job working for him. Mary Jane later waits for Tony Stark at Stark Tower, but their audition is interrupted by Friday, who tells them that War Machine is missing. Before Tony becomes Iron Man and flies to Tokyo, Mary Jane gives Tony the emergency number for Peter Parker. It is revealed that Mary Jane declined Tony Stark's offer due to being uncomfortable around Friday. However, Tony sends Friday to plead Mary Jane to help him stop the board of directors from seizing his company while he's off on\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10500668\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Clark Mary Jane Clark (born 1954; Mary Jane Elizabeth Behrends) is an American author of two series of suspense novels. Her first twelve books are media thrillers influenced by her three decades of experience in broadcast journalism. She plots murder mysteries investigated and solved by the characters who work at KEY News, the fictional television news world she has created. Her next series is \\\"The Wedding Cake Mysteries\\\", featuring an actress-turned wedding cake designer who gets involved in murder cases which threaten to prevent ceremonies. The daughter of a special agent with the FBI who uncovered Russian espionage\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Clark\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970636\",\n \"text\": \"Uncle Ben is only hinted at), Mary Jane sets out to expose Norman with Peter's help. The novel was successful with teenage girls who were not familiar with the comics, but was met with criticism from the core fans due to its characterization of some of the characters (most notably Harry Osborn, who is portrayed as manipulating Peter into doing his homework while treating him horribly) and changing continuity. The second novel, \\\"Mary Jane 2\\\", deals with the continuing relationship of Peter and Mary Jane, and the emergence of Gwen Stacy. In this continuity, Gwen is an 'ugly duckling' who\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19391466\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Warnes Mary Jane Fairbrother, known as Mary Jane Warnes, MBE (18 July 1877 – 19 June 1959) was an Australian activist who in 1926 established the first South Australian branch of the Country Women's Association (CWA). Fairbrother was born in Fullarton, an inner suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, the youngest daughter of Thomas Fairbrother, a gardener, and Jane Mears (née Clarke). She was of English Anglican descent. She received her education at Misses Newman's private school in Parkside. On 12 February 1900, Fairbrother married Isaac James Warnes (1871-1944) at St Augustine's Church in Unley. The couple lived in\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Warnes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8864532\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Patterson Mary Jane Patterson (September 12, 1840 – September 24, 1894) was the first African-American woman to receive a B.A degree in 1862. Mary Jane Patterson was the oldest of Henry Irving Patterson and Emeline Eliza (Taylor) Patterson's children. There is conflicting data on how many siblings she had, but most sources cite between seven and ten. Henry Patterson worked as a bricklayer and plasterer who gained his freedom, after Mary was born, in 1852. After this, he moved his family north to Ohio. The Pattersons settled in Oberlin, Ohio, in 1856. Oberlin had a large community of\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Patterson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15499286\",\n \"text\": \"husband Bill. She suffers from psychological problems due to an unhappy childhood. To relieve this, she takes to smoking and drinking. Unfortunately, the problems also cause her to physically abuse her 3-year-old daughter, Mary Jane. One day, Bill comes by to pick up Mary Jane. Rowena tries to make Mary Jane and her house look good to impress Bill, hoping he'll come back home. However, while chasing a cat outside, Mary Jane accidentally falls down, getting dirty. Angered with Rowena for not looking after Mary Jane properly, Bill storms out of the house. Angry with her daughter for ruining it,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Harper Cried Last Night\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4203155\",\n \"text\": \"film \\\"Jack the Ripper\\\", by Heather Graham in the 2001 feature film \\\"From Hell\\\", and by Katie Jarvis in the 2015 short film \\\"Ginger\\\". \\\"The Michaelmas Girls\\\" (1975) by John Brooks Barry features Mary Jane Kelly as a lesbian prostitute who conspires with an impotent male sadist to murder fellow streetwalkers. \\\"Retour à Whitechapel\\\" (in French) is a historical detective novel based on the story of Jack the Ripper, written by French author Michel Moatti, centered on Mary Kelly's fictitious daughter, Amelia Pritlowe. Mary Jane Kelly Mary Jane Kelly (c. 1863 – 9 November 1888), also known as Marie Jeanette\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Kelly\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17248218\",\n \"text\": \"to James Budsworth, Mary Jane married head stockman George William Cain in 1865. Much of what is known about the life of Mary Jane Cain was recorded in oral history interviews conducted by Margaret Somerville with four of her descendents—Marie Dundas, May Mead, Janet Robinson and Maureen Sulter. Somerville described Mary as \\\"the woman who straddles two eras of history—the time before white settlement of this land and the time after. She moves between two worlds of such profound difference, and she gives her people the strength to move forward.\\\" She quotes Mary Jane, 'We gotta make it good for\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Cain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6161454\",\n \"text\": \"to the Homecoming dance and to becoming King and Queen with Flash. However, things do not go as Liz planned them: While Flash does become Homecoming King, not Liz but Mary Jane – who wasn't even on the ballot – is voted Queen as a write-in candidate. Mary Jane is shocked that she won and worried how Liz, who suddenly disappeared, reacts. Flash, who still is not over his crush on Mary Jane, thinks fate brought them together and tries to kiss her during the ceremonial post-crowning dance, just as Liz comes back. While Mary Jane tries to explain everything\",\n \"title\": \"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6161450\",\n \"text\": \"him, she realizes what a nice guy he is and how much she likes him. Later, after accidentally taking home Flash's notebook and flipping through it, Mary Jane finds out that Flash has a crush on her. Liz tells Mary Jane she suspects Flash has a crush on somebody else. During a school football game Liz loses it and attacks an opposing cheerleader who was talking to Flash. After the incident, Mary Jane tells Liz, who still does not know that Mary Jane is the one Flash has a crush on, she will talk to Flash. After the game, Mary\",\n \"title\": \"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3226455\",\n \"text\": \"Jane accompany Harry, who dies peacefully from his injuries. Peter, Mary Jane, and Aunt May attend Harry's funeral. Later, at the nightclub, Peter and Mary Jane reconcile and dance. Spider-Man co-creator Stan Lee has a cameo in \\\"Spider-Man 3\\\", as he does in many Marvel-based films. He plays a man who, after reading a news bulletin along with Peter, tells him, \\\"You know, I guess one person can make a difference,\\\" followed by his catchphrase \\\"Nuff said.\\\" Actor Bruce Campbell, who had cameo roles as a wrestling ring announcer in \\\"Spider-Man\\\" and as a rude usher in \\\"Spider-Man 2\\\", returns\",\n \"title\": \"Spider-Man 3\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13391024\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Seaman Mary Jane Seaman, married name Mrs. Chippendale (1837?, Salisbury – 26 May 1888, Camberwell) was an English actress. Mary Jane Seaman was an actress who played in the provinces before playing Mrs Wellington de Boots in Joseph Stirling Coyne's comedy \\\"Everybody's Friend\\\" at the Theatre Royal, Manchester in October 1859. Under the name Miss Snowdon she made her first London appearance playing Mrs Malaprop in \\\"The Rivals\\\" at the Haymarket Theatre in 1863. In 1866 she married her fellow Haymarket actor William Henry Chippendale. She was at the Court Theatre in 1875, and at the Lyceum Theatre\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Seaman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19208681\",\n \"text\": \"and writings—is held by the Schlesinger Library of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. Mary Jane Coggeshall Mary Jane (Whitely) Coggeshall (1836–1911) was an American suffragist known as the \\\"mother of woman suffrage in Iowa\\\". She was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1990. Mary Jane Whitely was born January 17, 1836, in Milton, Indiana, to Isaac Whitely (a farmer) and Lydia (Gunderson) Whitely, who helped support the family by taking in sewing. The family were Quakers, and Isaac kept a station on the Underground Railroad. Whitely attended public schools in Milton. In 1857,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Coggeshall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19208676\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Coggeshall Mary Jane (Whitely) Coggeshall (1836–1911) was an American suffragist known as the \\\"mother of woman suffrage in Iowa\\\". She was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1990. Mary Jane Whitely was born January 17, 1836, in Milton, Indiana, to Isaac Whitely (a farmer) and Lydia (Gunderson) Whitely, who helped support the family by taking in sewing. The family were Quakers, and Isaac kept a station on the Underground Railroad. Whitely attended public schools in Milton. In 1857, she married John Milton Coggeshall, with whom she had three children, two of whom survived: Clair and\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Coggeshall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17248221\",\n \"text\": \"erected by the Coonabarabran Rotary Club near the bridge in Coonabarabran to commemorate her 50 years of service to the community. Mary Jane Cain Mary Jane Cain (1844–1929) was an Aboriginal Australian woman who lived in the Coonabarabran region of New South Wales. She was born in 1844 and was instrumental in the establishment of the Burra Bee Dee Aboriginal Reserve in 1912 and came to be known as the Queen of Burrabeedee or \\\"Queenie Cain\\\". Mary Jane was the daughter of Jinnie Griffin a full blooded aboriginal woman and Irishman Eugene Griffin. She was born in 1844 on Toorawandi\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Cain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17248217\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Cain Mary Jane Cain (1844–1929) was an Aboriginal Australian woman who lived in the Coonabarabran region of New South Wales. She was born in 1844 and was instrumental in the establishment of the Burra Bee Dee Aboriginal Reserve in 1912 and came to be known as the Queen of Burrabeedee or \\\"Queenie Cain\\\". Mary Jane was the daughter of Jinnie Griffin a full blooded aboriginal woman and Irishman Eugene Griffin. She was born in 1844 on Toorawandi Station and christened at the age of 14 on horseback on the road between Coonabarabran and Mudgee. After her first marriage\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Cain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16338726\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Fonder Mary Jane Fonder (July 5, 1942 – June 4, 2018) was an American criminal who murdered Rhonda Smith, a fellow congregant, inside their church in Bucks County, Pennsylvania in 2008. Fonder was also investigated, but not charged, in connection with the disappearance of her father, Edward Fonder III, in 1993. Mary Jane Fonder was born on July 5, 1942, to Alice and Edward Fonder III of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fonder and her brother, Edward Fonder IV, grew up in West Philadelphia, where their father was a machinist and their mother was a proofreader. Fonder experienced emotional problems during\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Fonder\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5103587\",\n \"text\": \"She and Lewis remained wed until Lewis' death in 1990. Croft had a son, Eric, by her first marriage, who was killed in action during the Vietnam War. Mary Jane Croft Mary Jane Croft (February 15, 1916 – August 24, 1999) was an American actress best known for her roles as Betty Ramsey on \\\"I Love Lucy\\\", Ms. Daisy Enright on the radio and television versions of \\\"Our Miss Brooks\\\", Mary Jane Lewis on \\\"The Lucy Show\\\" and \\\"Here's Lucy\\\", and Clara Randolph on \\\"The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet\\\". Described as \\\"a stage-struck 17-year-old just out of high school\\\",\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Croft\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970623\",\n \"text\": \"some sense of responsibility. Octavius, as Peter, continues to date Mary Jane after this, but she begins noticing distinctly different character traits displayed by him, such as a heavy intake of alcohol and his rude behavior towards his loved ones. Octavius intends to become more intimate with her and makes several advances, only to be rebuffed each time. In desperation and frustration, Octavius relives Peter's memories with MJ, which infuriates Peter. After one of Octavius' Spider-Bots detect Mary Jane in trouble and saves her from the Vulture gang, Mary Jane moves to kiss him, but Octavius, who has by now\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17336631\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Russell Mary Jane Russell was a successful New York-based American photographic fashion model between 1948 and 1961. She often worked with Louise Dahl-Wolfe and Irving Penn, and appeared on many covers for \\\"Vogue\\\" and \\\"Harper's Bazaar\\\" during the course of her modelling career. Her husband was Edward Russell, who became president of the advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach. Mary Jane Walton was born on 10 July 1926 in Teaneck, New Jersey, attended Teaneck High School, and studied art at Sarah Lawrence College in New York. During her time at Sarah Lawrence, Edward Russell, a classmate of hers from\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Russell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12840790\",\n \"text\": \"have a valid license issued by the state. Numerous picnic tables are spread throughout the park. The Buckeye Trail passes through Mary Jane Thurston State Park for one mile (1.6 km). Mary Jane Thurston State Park Mary Jane Thurston State Park is a Ohio state park in Wood and Henry Counties, Ohio in the United States. It is named for Mary Jane Thurston, a schoolteacher from Grand Rapids, Ohio who bequeathed of land for the establishment of a park. The park is along the Maumee River near the remains of the historic Miami and Erie Canal. Mary Jane Thurston State\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Thurston State Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12840782\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Thurston State Park Mary Jane Thurston State Park is a Ohio state park in Wood and Henry Counties, Ohio in the United States. It is named for Mary Jane Thurston, a schoolteacher from Grand Rapids, Ohio who bequeathed of land for the establishment of a park. The park is along the Maumee River near the remains of the historic Miami and Erie Canal. Mary Jane Thurston State Park is open for year-round recreation including, hunting, fishing and boating, picnicking, camping and hiking. Mary Jane Thurston State Park is along the Maumee river near Grand Rapids, OH. This area\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Thurston State Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6161456\",\n \"text\": \"time she also becomes closer with Peter Parker, who is now her algebra tutor. Peter and Liz both discourage Mary Jane's interest in Spider-Man. Undaunted, Mary Jane tracks Spider-Man down and asks him for a date, which he plainly refuses. More problems arise for Mary Jane at school. Flash, still hurt by Mary Jane's rejection, bullies Peter and demands that he ends his friendship with her. When Mary Jane tells Flash that he can either stop hurting Peter or stop being her friend, he chooses the latter. Mary Jane wins the lead in the school's production of \\\"Twelfth Night\\\", angering\",\n \"title\": \"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17336637\",\n \"text\": \"as a case study in law textbooks. After retiring from modelling, Mary Jane Russell and her husband lived in Pound Ridge, New York for 37 years, where she involved herself with local zoning and environmental issues. The Russells then relocated to Bluffton, South Carolina, where Mary Jane involved herself in local Democratic politics. In 2003, Mary Jane died in a Charleston hospital of pulmonary fibrosis which had been diagnosed only a few weeks previously. She was survived by her husband and their three sons. Edward Russell died in 2007. Mary Jane Russell Mary Jane Russell was a successful New York-based\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Russell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8864537\",\n \"text\": \"of the Colored Woman's League of Washington D.C., which was committed to the \\\"racial uplift\\\" of colored women. The group focused on kindergarten teaching training, rescue work, and classes for industrial schools and homemaking. Mary Jane Patterson died at her Washington, D. C. home, September 24, 1894, at the age of 54. Although she is a not well-known figure, Mary Jane Patterson was a pioneer in black education and paved the way for other black female educators. Baumann,Roland M. \\\"Patterson, Mary Jane.\\\" \\\"African American National Biography.\\\" Oxford African American Studies Center. 20 October 2009. <http://www.oxford.com/artical/opr/t001/e1694>. Mary Jane Patterson Mary Jane\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Patterson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16452696\",\n \"text\": \"As Mary Jane juggles her life, her work and her commitment to her family, we find out how far she's willing to go to find the puzzle pieces that she, and society, insist are missing from her life as a single Black female. Omari Hardwick plays a potential Mr. Right. Other cast members include Latarsha Rose, Lisa Vidal, Aaron D. Spears, Richard Roundtree, Margaret Avery, Richard Brooks, Tika Sumpter, Raven Goodwin, B.J. Britt, and Robinne Lee. The series is produced by Mara Brock Akil, who produced BET's most successful series ever, \\\"The Game\\\", and the romantic comedy film \\\"Jumping the\",\n \"title\": \"Being Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970599\",\n \"text\": \"opera \\\"Secret Hospital\\\", but is unhappy with her character's air-headed and mean personality. On top of that, Caesar, who has been released from prison and is still obsessed with Mary Jane, plots to kidnap her again—this time intending to whisk her away to a private island he owns in the Caribbean. After luring Mary Jane to an abandoned studio and threatening to kill her, Caesar is confronted by Officer Goldman, a policeman assigned to Mary Jane's original case against him. Goldman then shoots Caesar dead, saving Mary Jane's life. Although she successfully petitions her boss to adjust her character's personality,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20180893\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Kinnaird Mary Kinnaird or Mary Jane Kinnaid, Lady Kinnaird; Mary Jane Hoare (1816 – 1888) was an English philanthropist and co-founder of the Young Women's Christian Association. Kinnaird has at least one school and hospital in India named after her. Kinnaird was born Mary Jane Hoare in 1816 at Blatherwick Park in Northamptonshire. Her parents William Henry and Louisa Elizabeth died in 1819 and 1816 respectively leaving her an orphan whilst still a child. She lived with her paternal grandfather until he died in 1828, when her elder brother became her legal guardian. Her day to day care\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Kinnaird\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20838289\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake was an American slave involved in the \\\"Holmes v. Ford\\\" case, from which she gained her freedom in 1853. Mary Jane Holmes was born in Missouri on November 29, 1841, to Robin and Polly Holmes, along with five other siblings (Eliza, Clarisa, William, James, and Roxanna). The Holmes family was the property of farmer Nathaniel Ford, who received them while in office as sheriff of Howard County in Missouri. In 1844, Ford moved both his and the Holmes family, including Robin, Polly, the three-year-old Mary Jane, and the younger James\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Holmes Shipley Drake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15499287\",\n \"text\": \"Rowena takes Mary Jane into another room and closes the door. Shortly afterwards, Mary Jane is admitted to the hospital for a broken arm. At the hospital, Dr. Angela Buccieri, is assigned to work on Mary Jane. In addition to the broken arm, she notices a couple of healed-over cigarette burns on the girl's buttocks. She questions Rowena, who claims that Mary Jane broke her arm by falling out of her crib, which she still sleeps in since she's a bed-wetter, and that she accidentally bumped into a lit cigarette, claiming that Mary Jane is accident prone and a crier.\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Harper Cried Last Night\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5844426\",\n \"text\": \"the United Kingdom and were fastened by a rectangular chrome buckle and were made under various brand names such as \\\"No Doubt\\\", \\\"Koi Couture\\\" etc. Mary Janes are a popular part of kinderwhore and Lolita fashion. A pump with a strap across the instep may be referred to as a \\\"Mary Jane pump\\\", although it does not have the low heels or wide toe of the original Mary Jane (and a pump is generally strapless by definition). Mary Jane (shoe) Mary Jane (also known as bar shoes or \\\"doll shoes\\\") is an American term (formerly a registered trademark) for a\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane (shoe)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6161455\",\n \"text\": \"to Liz, Harry, who had been looking for Liz, comes back and starts fighting with Flash as Liz tells him Flash and Mary Jane made out. Mary Jane storms out and accidentally meets Peter at the Coffee Bean and he later walks her home, where Liz has been waiting for her to apologize and tell Mary Jane that she wanted to become Homecoming Queen so she – despite being her friend – would not hate her anymore for being so popular. Having ended her relationship with Harry, Mary Jane once again focuses her attention on the \\\"unattainable\\\" Spider-Man. During this\",\n \"title\": \"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18364895\",\n \"text\": \"Hilliard Mixed Pairs (a secondary \\\"national\\\" championship after 1946) in 1949 and finished second in 1950. They were second again in 1957, behind Bob Adams and Marilyn Johnson. Johnson and Mary Jane Farell became a strong partnership and won three world championships together. Her second husband Jules Farell died in 2005. Farell was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 1998. Mary Jane Farell Mary Jane Farell (March 12, 1920 – 5 October 2015), also known as Mary Jane Kauder, was an American bridge player. Farell grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio, and \\\"couldn't wait to get home from school\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Farell\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4510604\",\n \"text\": \"In 2009, McDuffie's husband Robert Funderburg applied for control of the trademark \\\"Mary Jane Girls\\\", but the application was abandoned in 2010. Later in 2010, Kimberly \\\"Maxi\\\" Wuletich applied for the trademark \\\"MJB Starring Maxi and Cheri of the Original Mary Jane Girls\\\", which she uses for performing with Cheri Wells. However, in 2013 the estate of Rick James sued Wuletich and Wells to stop them from performing under the name the Mary Jane Girls. The estate held that the group's name was owned by James, not the singers. In 2014, the Mary Jane Girls (Candice Grant, Val Young, and\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Girls\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20835370\",\n \"text\": \"died in 2004. Mary Jane died at age 106 in Juno Beach, Florida, on July 23, 2018. Mary Jane McCaffree Mary Jane McCaffree Monroe (née Fleming; October 28, 1911 – July 23, 2018) was a White House Social Secretary during the Eisenhower administration and a press and personal secretary for First Lady Mamie Eisenhower. She also served as a protocol specialist in the office of the Chief of Protocol and co-wrote a book on the subject. Born Mary Jane Fleming in New York City, she worked as a secretary for different executives of the 1939 New York World's Fair and\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane McCaffree\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16266547\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Innes Mary Jane Innes (née Lewis, 18 April 1852 – 14 November 1941) was a Welsh-born New Zealand brewery manager. Mary Jane Lewis was born on a farm in Llanvaches, Monmouthshire, Wales on 18 April 1852. Her parents were Thomas Lewis and Hannah Morgan Lewis. She immigrated to New Zealand with her older brother and sister in 1870, after their parents died. Mary Jane Innes owned and operated Te Awamutu Brewery from 1877 (with her husband), and Waikato Breweries from 1889. In widowhood she launched the successful C. L. Innes and Company, in partnership with her eldest son\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Innes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4510594\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Girls The Mary Jane Girls were an American R&B, soul and funk group in the 1980s. They were protégées of singer Rick James. They are known for their hit songs \\\"In My House\\\", \\\"All Night Long\\\", \\\"Candy Man\\\", and their cover version of \\\"Walk Like a Man\\\". Joanne \\\"Jojo\\\" McDuffie was the lead singer, the others filling out the group's style and appearance. On the studio recordings, McDuffie was backed by session vocalists rather than the other Mary Jane Girls. The Mary Jane Girls released two albums in the 1980s and recorded a third which was never released.\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Girls\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19720569\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Habersham, runs a basket stand on Highway 17 saying, \\\"I will keep the tradition going on.\\\" Mary Jane Manigault died on Monday, November 8, 2010 at the age of 97. Manigault passed away in her Hamlin Beach home after suffering a seizure. Manigault had been suffering from sporadic seizures for a year prior to her death and was hospitalized numerous times. Manigault's daughter-in-law, Shirley, recalls her strength in her final months \\\"every time she would get sick and go to the hospital, when she came home, her mind was fine.\\\" Mary Jane Manigault Mary Jane Manigault (1913 –\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Manigault\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970609\",\n \"text\": \"burned down by Charlie Weiderman, and Spider-Man joins the New Avengers, Mary Jane and Aunt May accompany him to live in Stark Tower. Mary Jane immediately feels at home with the New Avengers and is happy to finally be a part of Spider-Man's world. The Civil War events forced Peter to stage a secret transfer of Mary Jane out of Stark Mansion, feeling that with the loss of his secret identity and his doubts about Tony Stark's ideas, Mary Jane had become a hostage in a luxurious house. Now residing in a cheap motel, her whole life had been affected,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4203123\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Kelly Mary Jane Kelly (c. 1863 – 9 November 1888), also known as Marie Jeanette Kelly, Fair Emma, Ginger, and Black Mary, is widely believed to be the final victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper, who killed and mutilated several women in the Whitechapel area of London from late August to early November 1888. She was about 25 years old, and living in poverty at the time of her death. Compared with other Ripper victims, Kelly's origins are obscure and undocumented, and much of it is possibly embellished. Kelly may have herself fabricated many\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Kelly\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4510596\",\n \"text\": \"career but miscommunication caused the label to sign an all-female group, which he determined would be the Mary Jane Girls. James filled the positions behind McDuffie with Wells, Ghant and Wuletich. He also wrote all the original songs and produced all the recordings. The Waters sisters and McDuffie sang all the parts on the first Mary Jane Girls album: \\\"Mary Jane Girls\\\" (1983). The album yielded their first R&B hits: \\\"Candy Man\\\", \\\"All Night Long\\\" (which was later included in the soundtrack of the 2002 video game \\\"\\\"), and \\\"Boys\\\". In live performances, the Mary Jane Girls were backed by\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Girls\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970614\",\n \"text\": \"into bed with Carr, and is later attacked by Paperdoll. Concealing herself in the panic room, Mary Jane observes a battle between Spider-Man and Paperdoll, and communicates with Spider-Man over the intercom. Mary Jane says that she and Spider-Man made a great team \\\"in another life\\\" and longingly touches a monitor screen showing his face, hinting that she still has strong feelings and misses him. Peter does not learn that Mary Jane is the girlfriend of Carr nor that she was the voice on the intercom. Mary Jane is seen at the conclusion of the issue contemplating a phone call\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18433757\",\n \"text\": \"(Louise Dryer), James Heenan (Andrew Dunn, Sr.), Kitty Kelly (Maggie Murphy), Louis Morrell (George Sherwin), Stanley Ridges (Andrew Dunn, Jr.), Hal Skelly (Joe McGillicudy), and Dallas Welford (Martin Frost). The plot concerns a cute country girl named Mary Jane (Mary Hay) who applies for a job in the Dunns’ offices. Although she is a good stenographer, they are concerned about hiring her because she is too pretty for Andrew Dunn, Jr. (Stanley Ridges). She gets the job by slicking down her bobbed hair and putting on goggles. Later, after Mr. Dunn Sr. (James Heenan) fires Jr., Mary Jane goes into\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane McKane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970634\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Ultimate Spider-Man\\\" comics after Peter had died in \\\"The Death of Spider-Man\\\" storyline in issue #160 and after his subsequent revival (in \\\"Miles Morales: Ultimate Spider-Man\\\" #7) as well. Mary Jane Watson has appeared in numerous \\\"Spider-Man\\\" video games. Romance novelist Judith O'Brien wrote two young adult novels featuring a teenage Mary Jane in 2003 and 2004. They featured illustrations by Mike Mayhew. The first novel is a basic retelling of the origin story from Mary Jane's point of view. She is depicted as a shy, insecure girl who knew Peter Parker from elementary school. She deals with such problems\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20126275\",\n \"text\": \"Black Spiderman \\\"Black Spiderman\\\" is a song by American rapper Logic featuring singer Damian Lemar Hudson. It was released on April 13, 2017, through Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings, as the second single from his third studio album \\\"Everybody\\\". It was awarded a 2017 MTV Video Music Award for \\\"Best Fight Against the System.\\\" The song was produced by Logic, 6ix and DJ Khalil. Logic teased the song on November 30, 2016 on his Twitter account with the caption saying \\\"When you feel it in your SOUL!\\\". In the liner notes for the song, Logic said that: This\",\n \"title\": \"Black Spiderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10862057\",\n \"text\": \"21st century, who recognized her achievements and the value of her work. Mary Jane Holmes Mary Jane Holmes (April 5, 1825 – October 6, 1907) was an American author who published 39 novels, as well as short stories. Her first novel sold 250,000 copies; and she had total sales of 2 million books in her lifetime, second only to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Portraying domestic life in small-town and rural settings, she examined gender relationships, as well as those of class and race. She also dealt with slavery and the American Civil War with a strong sense of moral justice. Since\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Holmes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20126277\",\n \"text\": \"the Canadian Hot 100 for the chart dated May 6, 2017. Black Spiderman \\\"Black Spiderman\\\" is a song by American rapper Logic featuring singer Damian Lemar Hudson. It was released on April 13, 2017, through Visionary Music Group and Def Jam Recordings, as the second single from his third studio album \\\"Everybody\\\". It was awarded a 2017 MTV Video Music Award for \\\"Best Fight Against the System.\\\" The song was produced by Logic, 6ix and DJ Khalil. Logic teased the song on November 30, 2016 on his Twitter account with the caption saying \\\"When you feel it in your SOUL!\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Black Spiderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20126276\",\n \"text\": \"song is the celebration of unity and a world built upon division. People say things like I don’t see color, I just see people. To which I retour you should see color, you should see a black man, a white woman, a brown little girl or any other color of the rainbow. The song's accompanying music video premiered on April 13, 2017 on Logic's Vevo account on YouTube. In August 2017, \\\"Black Spiderman\\\" was awarded an MTV Video Music Award for \\\"Best Fight Against the System.\\\" \\\"Black Spiderman\\\" debuted at number 87 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and number 80\",\n \"title\": \"Black Spiderman\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4081310\",\n \"text\": \"in a contemporary context.\\\" Patchwork consists of Lamond and her first cousin, Laurel MacDonald, who perform Gaelic and English language songs. They perform a show entitled \\\"She Sings as She Flies: Revisiting the Helen Creighton Song Collection,\\\" and will be joined by Nicole LeBlanc, Kirsten Olivia, and Naomi Dawn Poulette singing songs from the Acadian, African Nova Scotian, and Mi'kmaq communities, respectively. Mary Jane Lamond Mary Jane Lamond (born 1960) is a Canadian Celtic folk musician who performs traditional Canadian Gaelic folk songs from Cape Breton Island. Her music combines traditional and contemporary material. Lamond is known as the vocalist\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Lamond\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14753097\",\n \"text\": \"EPs Mary Jane Kelly (band) Mary Jane Kelly is an Australian hardcore band out of Wollongong New South Wales that formed in 2005. The band shares its name with the last known victim of Jack The Ripper. Mary Jane Kelly have released 2 EP’s the first was released in 2007 entitled \\\"Marionettes\\\". Their second entitled \\\"Our Streets Turn White\\\" was released on 11 October 2008 through Trial and Error Records. Mary Jane Kelly's debut album was released on 12 March 2010 entitled \\\"Like There's No Tomorrow\\\" Mary Jane Kelly was formed in Wollongong New South Wales, in early 2005. Matt\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Kelly (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14753091\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Kelly (band) Mary Jane Kelly is an Australian hardcore band out of Wollongong New South Wales that formed in 2005. The band shares its name with the last known victim of Jack The Ripper. Mary Jane Kelly have released 2 EP’s the first was released in 2007 entitled \\\"Marionettes\\\". Their second entitled \\\"Our Streets Turn White\\\" was released on 11 October 2008 through Trial and Error Records. Mary Jane Kelly's debut album was released on 12 March 2010 entitled \\\"Like There's No Tomorrow\\\" Mary Jane Kelly was formed in Wollongong New South Wales, in early 2005. Matt Velozo\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Kelly (band)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20180900\",\n \"text\": \"the British government raised the age of consent from thirteen to sixteen. In 1887, Kinneard was widowed, and her son Arthur became the 11th Lord Kinnaird. She died in 1888, survived by Arthur and Frederica Georgina (1845–1929), Louisa Elizabeth (1848–1926), Agneta Olivia (1850–1940), Gertrude Mary (1853–1931) and Emily Cecilia Kinnaird. Frederica and Agneta both married, but the three unmarried daughters, Louisa, Gertrude and Emily, continued their mother's good works. Louisa was active in London but both Gertrude and particularly Emily were missionaries. Mary Jane Kinnaird Mary Kinnaird or Mary Jane Kinnaid, Lady Kinnaird; Mary Jane Hoare (1816 – 1888) was\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Kinnaird\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17248220\",\n \"text\": \"Reserve (no. 47521) was gazetted on 21 February 1912, it included a small parcel of land at Forky Mountain that had already been granted to Mary and her family by Queen Victoria. Mary Jane Cain died at Burra Bee Dee, Coonabarabran, NSW on 29 July 1929 aged 85. Mary Jane Cain spoke a local indigenous language, possibly Gamilaraay, and a manuscript compiled by Mary is held at the State Library of New South Wales containing wordlists of place names and the natural environment. A bridge over the Castlereagh River in Coonabarabran was named after Mary Jane Cain. A plaque was\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Cain\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16266549\",\n \"text\": \"East Cemetery. In 2013, she was inducted into the New Zealand Business Hall of Fame, 72 years after her death. Objects and papers belonging to Innes and her family are part of the collection in the Waikato Museum. Mary Jane's grandson Colin V. Innes co-wrote a book about the family's early history in brewing, \\\"A Crown for the Lady: The Unravelling of a Pioneer Story\\\" (Tauranga: Moana Press, 1989). Mary Jane Innes Mary Jane Innes (née Lewis, 18 April 1852 – 14 November 1941) was a Welsh-born New Zealand brewery manager. Mary Jane Lewis was born on a farm in\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Innes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15723588\",\n \"text\": \"from the Illinois Judges Association, the Mary Heftel Hooten Award from the Women's Bar Association of Illinois, and the Access to Justice Award from the Illinois State Bar Association. Theis is married to John T. Theis, and they have two children and four grandchildren. Mary Jane Theis Mary Jane Theis (February 27, 1949) is an Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the First Judicial District in Cook County, Illinois. She was born Mary Jane Wendt in Chicago, Illinois, to Eleanore and Kenneth Wendt, a member of the Illinois General Assembly and a longtime judge in Cook County. She received her bachelor's\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Theis\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970625\",\n \"text\": \"and her new relationship with Ollie. As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel event, Mary Jane Watson is in Chicago, Illinois hosting the opening of her newest nightclub Jackpot. Mary Jane had opened this nightclub after MJ's got destroyed during a superhero battle. When a Belhilio is quickly killed by an energy blast from Madame Masque, people start to run away as Iron Man and Doctor Doom arrive to confront her. With Mary Jane's assistance, Masque is apprehended, but during the fight the nightclub is irrevocably damaged. Three days later, Iron Man approaches Mary Jane Watson in Grant Park while\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15499294\",\n \"text\": \"hospital to check on smoke inhalation, and Rowena is arrested for child endangerment. When Mary Jane arrives at the hospital, Dr. Buccieri calls Dr. Helgerson and informs him of what happened. This time, he becomes more involved, ordering a set of full-skeletal x-rays. Dr. Buccieri tries again to talk to Mary Jane, who has become mute, giving her a china doll and tells the child how, when she was young, she used to talk to her doll about her abusive parents. She encourages Mary Jane to do the same. However, Mary Jane throws the doll on the ground, causing it\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Harper Cried Last Night\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9256857\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Owen Mary Jane McKeown Owen is a disability rights activist, philosopher, policy expert and writer who has lived and worked in Washington, D.C. since 1979. Owen was born in northern Illinois to Methodist ministers and came from a long line of traditional feminists. She became involved with social justice at a young age, demonstrating against segregation with the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in Los Angeles, California, in 1949. After graduating from the University of New Mexico she studied at the New School for Social Research in New York City and received a master's degree in social work\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Owen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20458491\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Saunders Mary Jane Saunders is an American academic who served as president of Florida Atlantic University from 2010 to 2013. She has a background in scientific research and administration, specializing in biology. Saunders is originally from Worcester, Massachusetts. She completed a B.A. in biology at Boston University, and then pursued further studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, completing an M.Sc. and a Ph.D. in botany. She is married to chemistry professor George R. Newkome. After a period as an associate professor at Louisiana State University, she joined South Florida University in 1986, eventually becoming director of its\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Saunders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7541175\",\n \"text\": \"the Hotline.\\\" Though the tempo has been slowed, the melody heard in Weezer's \\\"Peace\\\", bears resemblance to the opening riff of \\\"Mary Jane\\\". It is believed to be the origin of the band title for the Mary Jane Girls (a popular band in the '80s), who performed on James's composition \\\"All Night Long\\\". Mack 10's song on \\\"Them Thangs\\\" uses a sample from this song. James' stage banter from a live performance of \\\"Mary Jane\\\" at Long Beach Arena in July 1981 was sampled in Kanye West's 2010 single \\\"Runaway,\\\" including the phrases \\\"And I want to show you how\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane (Rick James song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7541170\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane (Rick James song) \\\"Mary Jane\\\" is a song by American funk singer Rick James. It was released in 1978 as the second single from his debut album \\\"Come Get It!\\\". The song peaked in the top five on the R&B charts in the United States in 1978. As one of his earliest hits as a solo artist, it is one of his most notable songs. It was composed by James, along with keyboardist Billy Nunn, who was credited for the keyboards, strings, background vocals, helping to compose the song, arranging flute parts, and other instrumentation work. \\\"Mary Jane\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane (Rick James song)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20458493\",\n \"text\": \"university was criticized for awarding naming rights for FAU Stadium to GEO Group, a private prison company, and for its handling of associate professor James Tracy's promotion of Sandy Hook massacre conspiracy theories. Mary Jane Saunders Mary Jane Saunders is an American academic who served as president of Florida Atlantic University from 2010 to 2013. She has a background in scientific research and administration, specializing in biology. Saunders is originally from Worcester, Massachusetts. She completed a B.A. in biology at Boston University, and then pursued further studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, completing an M.Sc. and a Ph.D. in\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Saunders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18751835\",\n \"text\": \"winner and former East Timor President José Ramos-Horta, British tycoon Richard Branson, English musician Tony Iommi and American author Eve Ensler spoke publicly in support of Veloso. The petition to have her released in Change.org was the fastest-growing petition from the Philippines ever and gained over 250,000 signatories from over 125 countries. On 27 April 2015, during the ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur, representatives from the ASEAN Youth Forum met with Widodo in an attempt to save Veloso's life. Mary Jane Veloso Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso is a Filipino woman who was arrested and sentenced to death for smuggling heroin\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Veloso\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18751827\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Veloso Mary Jane Fiesta Veloso is a Filipino woman who was arrested and sentenced to death for smuggling heroin into Indonesia. Her case, among others, sparked international attention towards Indonesia's capital punishment and drug prohibition laws. Veloso was born in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. She is the youngest of five siblings. She and her husband married when she was around 17 years old but they later separated. They have two sons. Prior to her arrest, in 2009, Veloso worked in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates for about six months. Her father said that she left her job because\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Veloso\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9256862\",\n \"text\": \"a leader in the national disability community and draws from a background as a professor, federal administrator, consultant, writer, businesswoman, and social worker. She is partially hearing, uses a wheelchair and recently regained her sight after 30 years of blindness. Mary Jane Owen Mary Jane McKeown Owen is a disability rights activist, philosopher, policy expert and writer who has lived and worked in Washington, D.C. since 1979. Owen was born in northern Illinois to Methodist ministers and came from a long line of traditional feminists. She became involved with social justice at a young age, demonstrating against segregation with the\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Owen\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20307955\",\n \"text\": \"was the only Native American who served on the commission during her term which lasted until 2006. In 2003, she was appointed by President George W. Bush to serve on the U.S. Census Advisory Committee on American Indian and Alaska Native Populations. In 2012 Fate was honored by the Alaska Federation of Natives with two President's Awards, receiving both the Public Service Award and the Citizen of the Year Award, the highest honor the board bestows. She was inducted into the Alaska Women's Hall of Fame in 2014. Mary Jane Fate Mary Jane Fate (born 1933) is a Koyukon Athabascan\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Fate\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19538290\",\n \"text\": \"age. A reviewer called the book \\\"a fast, bouncy, information-loaded\\\" description of the era -- one that focused on \\\"actors, actresses, sponsors, engineers, agents, writers, sound men, on everything and everybody who made pre-TV radio tick\\\" rather than on herself. Higby married actor Guy Sorel January 13, 1945, in New York City, New York. Mary Jane Higby Mary Jane Higby (May 29, 1909 - February 1, 1986) was an American actress in the era of old-time radio and the early years of television. She is best known for her 18 years in the leading role on \\\"When a Girl Marries\\\".\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Higby\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17344644\",\n \"text\": \"who has gone to death for this cause\\\". Mary Jane Clarke Mary Jane Clarke (1862–1910), was a British suffragette. She was the younger sister of suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst and she died after being force fed whilst in prison. Clarke was born in Salford and was one of ten children; her older sister Emmeline Pankhurst being one of them. Her father was the managing director of a cotton-printing works. She was educated at the École Normale Supérieure, Paris along with her sister. She was co-founder with Emmeline of the Emerson & Co. shop in Hampstead Row. At the shop, her artistic\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Clarke\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4081304\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Lamond Mary Jane Lamond (born 1960) is a Canadian Celtic folk musician who performs traditional Canadian Gaelic folk songs from Cape Breton Island. Her music combines traditional and contemporary material. Lamond is known as the vocalist on Ashley MacIsaac's 1995 hit single \\\"Sleepy Maggie\\\", and for her solo Top 40 hit \\\"Horo Ghoid thu Nighean\\\", the first single from her 1997 album \\\"Suas e!\\\". Her 2012 collaboration with fiddler Wendy MacIsaac, \\\"Seinn,\\\" was named one of the top 10 folk and americana albums of 2012 by National Public Radio in the United States. Born in Kingston, Ontario, the\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Lamond\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970582\",\n \"text\": \"(August 1964), and is initially used as a running joke of the series, as Peter Parker's Aunt May repeatedly attempts to set her unwilling nephew up on a date with her. Parker (also known as Spider-Man) consistently worms his way out of meeting Mary Jane who, aside from a brief appearance in #25 (June 1965) with her face obscured, is never actually seen until \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man\\\" #42 (November 1966). Peter David wrote in 2010 that artist John Romita Sr. \\\"made the definitive statement of his arrival by pulling Mary Jane out from behind the oversized potted plant [that blocked\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10862047\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Holmes Mary Jane Holmes (April 5, 1825 – October 6, 1907) was an American author who published 39 novels, as well as short stories. Her first novel sold 250,000 copies; and she had total sales of 2 million books in her lifetime, second only to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Portraying domestic life in small-town and rural settings, she examined gender relationships, as well as those of class and race. She also dealt with slavery and the American Civil War with a strong sense of moral justice. Since the late 20th century, she has received fresh recognition and reappraisal, although\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Holmes\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6161440\",\n \"text\": \"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane is an American comic book series focusing on a teenage Mary Jane, the love interest of superhero Spider-Man. The series, published by Marvel Comics, is a teen drama set outside the regular Marvel continuity, and aimed at fans of soap operas as opposed to the main comic book audience. It was originally written by Sean McKeever with art by penciller Takeshi Miyazawa (who left after issue #15 and was replaced by David Hahn, but continued providing covers) and colorist Christina Strain. The series began publication in December 2005 and was preceded by\",\n \"title\": \"Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970600\",\n \"text\": \"a deranged fan tries to kill Mary Jane out of hatred for the actions of her soap opera character. Mary Jane quits her job out of fear for her own safety and returns to modeling. This, along with Peter's role as Spider-Man, triggers a growing divide. She briefly flirts with actor Jason Jerome, who tries to tempt her into a secret affair, kissing her twice. She resists out of faithfulness to Peter, but her weak rebuffs fail to convince Jerome, and she realizes she is enticed by him in spite of herself. However, she eventually realizes that her craving for\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970592\",\n \"text\": \"insanity, temporarily restoring his memories as the Green Goblin. After the Green Goblin murders Gwen in \\\"The Amazing Spider-Man\\\" #121, Mary Jane attempts to comfort Peter. Peter, who is distraught over the loss of Gwen Stacy, angrily confronts MJ about her seemingly flighty and carefree attitude. He questions her ability to ever care about people like him and Gwen, and states \\\"You wouldn't be sorry if your own mother died,\\\" unaware that her mother had actually died. Mary Jane is hurt by Peter's comments. She attempts to leave, but hesitates as she approaches the door, and ultimately chooses to stay\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970591\",\n \"text\": \"to date her, much to the annoyance of Gwen Stacy. However, they eventually become irritated with each other and Peter subsequently chooses to date Gwen. Mary Jane, who becomes Harry Osborn's love interest and girlfriend, remains a close friend to Peter and Gwen. Despite her enjoyment of life, her friendships, and dating, Mary Jane refuses to be tied down for too long. When her relationship with Harry Osborn comes to an end, it has significant impact on Harry, driving him to a drug overdose. This in turn creates a boomerang effect, driving his father Norman Osborn to the brink of\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16452695\",\n \"text\": \"Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special, and Union for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. The series later received another nine NAACP Image Awards nominations, include two for Outstanding Drama Series. The show was originally to be called \\\"Single Black Female\\\". The series centers on successful broadcast journalist Mary Jane Paul (played by Gabrielle Union) and her professional and private family life while searching for \\\"Mr. Right\\\": Mary Jane Paul has it all: she's a successful TV news anchor, entirely self-sufficient – an all-around powerhouse who remains devoted to a family that doesn’t share her motivation.\",\n \"title\": \"Being Mary Jane\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20826776\",\n \"text\": \"press and several poems. Having returned to America, she reported on events in Ireland for the \\\"Gaelic American\\\". \\\"In memory of Padraig Pearse\\\", her last poem was written days before her own death. O'Donovan died in New York on 18 August 1916. Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa (27 January 1845 – 18 August 1916) was an Irish poet and political activist. Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa, born Mary Jane Irwin, was born in Clonakilty, County Cork on 27 January 1845. She was the daughter of Maxwell Irwin, a merchant, and a member of the Young Ireland movement. She\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20826772\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa (27 January 1845 – 18 August 1916) was an Irish poet and political activist. Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa, born Mary Jane Irwin, was born in Clonakilty, County Cork on 27 January 1845. She was the daughter of Maxwell Irwin, a merchant, and a member of the Young Ireland movement. She attended boarding school, at the Sacred Heart Convent, Roscrea, and began writing poetry as a child. She married Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa on 22 August 1864. Her husband swore her brothers in to the IRB. The couple went on to have 13 children,\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane O'Donovan Rossa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1970633\",\n \"text\": \"more regularly and they talked about recent events. Finally, Peter told Mary Jane that he needed her in his life once again, prompting Mary Jane to decide on a \\\"fresh start\\\" and resume her romantic relationship with him. In addition to her mainstream incarnation, Mary Jane Watson has been depicted in other fictional universes. In one reality visited by the Exiles, where she was Spider-Woman, she had a relationship with Exiles member Sunfire (Mariko Yashida). In the Ultimate Marvel universe, she dated Harry Osborn before Peter and she learned Peter was Spider-Man in issue #13. She still had cameos in\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Watson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16458139\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Irwin Mary Jane Irwin is the Evan Pugh Professor and A. Robert Noll Chair in Engineering in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Pennsylvania State University. She has been on the faculty at Penn State since 1977. She is an international expert in computer architecture. Her research and teaching interests include computer architecture, embedded and mobile computing systems design, power and reliability aware design, and emerging technologies in computing systems. Mary Jane Irwin received her B.S. in Mathematics from Memphis State University in 1971, and her M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Irwin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4510601\",\n \"text\": \"work in 1986 when James and Motown were in dispute, since the Mary Jane Girls had no label support. The Mary Jane Girls officially disbanded in 1987. Cheri Wells was recruited away from the Mary Jane Girls by Morris Day to be the lead singer for his all-female band the Day Zs, which released one album and one single on Reprise in 1990. These releases did not chart. In 1991, Marine sued Virgin Records, claiming that she had shared the lead vocals on the songs \\\"Opposites Attract\\\", \\\"Knocked Out\\\", and \\\"I Need You\\\" on Paula Abdul's debut album \\\"Forever Your\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Girls\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19720565\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Manigault Mary Jane Manigault (1913 – November 8, 2010) was a sweetgrass basket maker from Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. In 1984, Manigault was awarded a National Endowment for the Arts National Heritage Fellowship. Mary Jane Manigault began Sweetwater Basket-weaving at a young age, and the tradition has been continued by her children and grandchildren. The art of aweetwater basket-weaving is an important tradition in the Gullah culture and has been a prominent practice in communities brought over to the United States as early slaves. Manigault was born in 1913 in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina to Solomon and Sally\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Manigault\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15723586\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Jane Theis Mary Jane Theis (February 27, 1949) is an Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the First Judicial District in Cook County, Illinois. She was born Mary Jane Wendt in Chicago, Illinois, to Eleanore and Kenneth Wendt, a member of the Illinois General Assembly and a longtime judge in Cook County. She received her bachelor's degree from Loyola University Chicago and her law degree from the University of San Francisco School of Law. Theis was Assistant Public Defender in Cook County from 1974 to 1983. Theis became a judge in 1983, serving as Associate Judge (1983–1988), Circuit Court Judge\",\n \"title\": \"Mary Jane Theis\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["kirsten dunst"],"string":"[\n \"kirsten dunst\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":895,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where was abraham lincoln buried?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"6259409","text":"system and who is buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery. In 2015 the first American federally approved monument honoring LGBT veterans was dedicated at the cemetery. Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery The Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery covers in Elwood, Illinois. It is located approximately southwest of Chicago, Illinois. When fully completed, it will provide 400,000 burial spaces. The cemetery was dedicated in 1999 by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Cemetery Administration. It was the 117th national cemetery dedicated under the administration. The cemetery is on the grounds of the former Joliet Army Ammunition Plant site, which was formerly known","title":"Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6259409\",\n \"text\": \"system and who is buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery. In 2015 the first American federally approved monument honoring LGBT veterans was dedicated at the cemetery. Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery The Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery covers in Elwood, Illinois. It is located approximately southwest of Chicago, Illinois. When fully completed, it will provide 400,000 burial spaces. The cemetery was dedicated in 1999 by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Cemetery Administration. It was the 117th national cemetery dedicated under the administration. The cemetery is on the grounds of the former Joliet Army Ammunition Plant site, which was formerly known\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"7167153","text":"and stop by his father's body. The Indian reached for Thomas, either to kill him or to carry him off. Mordecai took aim and shot the Indian in the chest, killing him. Tradition states that Captain Abraham Lincoln was buried next to his cabin, which is now the site of Long Run Baptist Church and Cemetery near Eastwood, Kentucky. A stone memorializing Captain Abraham Lincoln was placed in the cemetery in 1937. Bathsheba Lincoln was left a widow with five underage children. She moved the family away from the Ohio River, to Washington County, where the country was more thickly","title":"Abraham Lincoln (captain)"},{"psg_id":"9210341","text":"earlier. Jack's name was not added to his father's memorial until 1976, or 1984 according to \"The Washington Post\". Abraham Lincoln II Abraham \"Jack\" Lincoln II (August 14, 1873 – March 5, 1890), was the middle of three children of Robert Todd Lincoln and Mary Eunice Harlan, and the only grandson of Abraham Lincoln. He died in Europe at the age of 16, after an infection from a wound. After President Lincoln's assassination, the former first family relocated to Chicago, Illinois, where Robert Todd Lincoln settled and married a U.S. senator's daughter, Mary Eunice Harlan. Abraham II was born in","title":"Abraham Lincoln II"},{"psg_id":"9210336","text":"Abraham Lincoln II Abraham \"Jack\" Lincoln II (August 14, 1873 – March 5, 1890), was the middle of three children of Robert Todd Lincoln and Mary Eunice Harlan, and the only grandson of Abraham Lincoln. He died in Europe at the age of 16, after an infection from a wound. After President Lincoln's assassination, the former first family relocated to Chicago, Illinois, where Robert Todd Lincoln settled and married a U.S. senator's daughter, Mary Eunice Harlan. Abraham II was born in 1873, the second of three children, and was nicknamed \"Jack\". Jack and his sisters were described as \"bright, natural,","title":"Abraham Lincoln II"},{"psg_id":"9210340","text":"by the Rev. J. Munro Gibson, the Presbyterian minister who had baptized Jack, and married his parents. The registers of the General Cemetery Company record that the remains of 'Abraham Lincoln' were deposited in Catacomb Z, beneath the Dissenters' Chapel of Kensal Green Cemetery on March 7, 1890. His father accompanied the coffin back to Illinois, where Jack was buried in the Lincoln Tomb in Springfield, Illinois on November 8, 1890. His mother later decided on burial at Arlington National Cemetery and Jack's remains were re-interred there in May 1930 near those of his father, who had died four years","title":"Abraham Lincoln II"},{"psg_id":"18195678","text":"was moved to its current location, but the fence remained. The statue is in axial alignment with the Independence Flagstaff and \"George Washington\". It was conserved in 1992. Abraham Lincoln (Brown) Abraham Lincoln is an outdoor bronze sculpture of Abraham Lincoln by Henry Kirke Brown, located at Union Square in Manhattan, New York. Cast in 1870 and dedicated on September 16 of that year, the statue was originally installed at the southwest corner of Union Square, where the sculpture of Mahatma Gandhi stands today. In 1875, a stone and bronze rail fence was constructed around the statue of Lincoln; the","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Brown)"},{"psg_id":"17817049","text":"Abraham Lincoln (Flannery) Abraham Lincoln is a marble sculpture of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln by Irish artist Lot Flannery, located in front of the old District of Columbia City Hall in Washington, D.C., United States. It was installed several blocks from Ford's Theatre, where Lincoln was assassinated. Dedicated in 1868 on the third anniversary of Lincoln's death, dignitaries at the unveiling ceremony included President Andrew Johnson and Generals Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman and Winfield Scott Hancock. The statue has been removed and rededicated twice. The first rededication was in 1923 following an outpouring of support from citizens and","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Flannery)"},{"psg_id":"18195677","text":"Abraham Lincoln (Brown) Abraham Lincoln is an outdoor bronze sculpture of Abraham Lincoln by Henry Kirke Brown, located at Union Square in Manhattan, New York. Cast in 1870 and dedicated on September 16 of that year, the statue was originally installed at the southwest corner of Union Square, where the sculpture of Mahatma Gandhi stands today. In 1875, a stone and bronze rail fence was constructed around the statue of Lincoln; the fence included an inscription of text from his second inaugural address, \"with malice toward none; charity toward all.\" During the 1930 redesign of Union Square Park, the statue","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Brown)"},{"psg_id":"15421","text":"The most famous and most visited memorials are Lincoln's sculpture on Mount Rushmore; Lincoln Memorial, Ford's Theatre, and Petersen House (where he died) in Washington, D.C.; and the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield, Illinois, not far from Lincoln's home, as well as his tomb. Barry Schwartz, a sociologist who has examined America's cultural memory, argues that in the 1930s and 1940s, the memory of Abraham Lincoln was practically sacred and provided the nation with \"a moral symbol inspiring and guiding American life\". During the Great Depression, he argues, Lincoln served \"as a means for seeing the world's","title":"Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"15280","text":"Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks were married on June 12, 1806, in Washington County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky, following their marriage. They became the parents of three children: Sarah, born on February 10, 1807; Abraham, on February 12, 1809; and another son, Thomas, who died in infancy. Thomas Lincoln bought or leased several farms in Kentucky, including the Sinking Spring farm, where Abraham was born; however, a land title dispute soon forced the Lincolns to move. In 1811, the family moved north, to Knob Creek Farm, where Thomas acquired title to of land. In 1815 a claimant in another","title":"Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"4386550","text":"Illinois, aged eighteen. Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, born December 13, 1818, died July 16, 1882. She was buried July 19, 1882, in one of the family crypts in the Lincoln Tomb. In the night of July 21, 1882, Mary Todd's casket was secretly taken from the crypt and at Robert Todd Lincoln's (her eldest son) request, buried alongside the President. On April 14, 1887, both caskets were moved to Memorial Hall. Lincoln's grandson Abraham Lincoln II (\"Jack\"), born August 14, 1873, died March 5, 1890, in London and was temporarily buried in Kensal Green Cemetery, London, until his father","title":"Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"7167146","text":"Abraham Lincoln (captain) Abraham Lincoln (May 13, 1744 – May 1786) was the grandfather of the 16th U.S. president, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a military captain during the American Revolution, and a pioneer settler of Kentucky. Captain Abraham Lincoln was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln (1622–1690), who was born in Hingham, Norfolk, England, and who, as a weaver's apprentice, emigrated to Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637. Abraham's father John Lincoln (1716–1788) was born in Monmouth County in the province of New Jersey, and grew up in the Schuylkill river valley in the province of Pennsylvania. Typical of his class, John","title":"Abraham Lincoln (captain)"},{"psg_id":"13500876","text":"Past symposium topics include: 2009: The Age of Lincoln 2008: Celebrating a Century of Lincoln Scholarship 2007: Lincoln and the Politics of the 1850s 2006: The Lincoln Family Abraham Lincoln Association The Abraham Lincoln Association is an American association that observes each anniversary of the birth of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, preserves and makes more accessible landmarks associated with his life, and encourages, promotes, and aids the collection and dissemination of authentic information regarding all phases of his life and career. The Abraham Lincoln Association was organized in 1908 as the Lincoln Centennial Association. Among the founders of the Association","title":"Abraham Lincoln Association"},{"psg_id":"9437789","text":"Abraham Lincoln University Abraham Lincoln University (ALU) and Abraham Lincoln University School of Law is an online university based in Los Angeles, California. Students may attend class in person or online. ALU was founded by Hyung J. Park, a tax attorney and graduate of Loyola Law School, in 1996. Classes initially were held in a conference room in his office. Park named his school after Abraham Lincoln partly because Lincoln had taught himself law. Abraham Lincoln University offers online Associate, Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctorate degrees, plus diplomas and certificates, in Law, Criminal Justice, Paralegal Studies, Business Administration, General Studies, and","title":"Abraham Lincoln University"},{"psg_id":"18374310","text":"joins forces with Lincoln in an effort to take the criminals down. The song has been taken from a Malayalam film \"Abraham & Lincoln.\" Abraham & Lincoln Abraham & Lincoln is a 2007 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Pramod Pappan with Kalabhavan Mani and Rahman starring in the lead roles. Abraham investigates the death of his sister. Along the way, he discovers some shocking information that strengthens his determination to find his sister's killer. He becomes a goonda (hired thug) and infiltrates the mafia. At the same time, a young police officer called Lincoln begins investigating the same mafia that","title":"Abraham & Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"11034163","text":"poems include the short piece dedicated to Linnie Haggard, daughter of the owner of a hotel where Lincoln stayed in Winchester, Illinois, dated September 30, 1858. <poem>To Linnie— A sweet plaintive song did I hear, And I fancied that she was the singer— May emotions as pure, as that song set a-stir Be the worst that the future shall bring her.</poem> Poetry of Abraham Lincoln The poetry of Abraham Lincoln has been an interesting source into the psyche of this President. In addition to two complete, narrative poems, Abraham Lincoln wrote several small verses throughout his life and possibly a","title":"Poetry of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"7167155","text":"his death by the Indians,\" the president later wrote, \"and of Uncle Mordecai, then fourteen years old, killing one of the Indians, is the legend more strongly than all others imprinted on my mind and memory.\" Abraham Lincoln (captain) Abraham Lincoln (May 13, 1744 – May 1786) was the grandfather of the 16th U.S. president, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a military captain during the American Revolution, and a pioneer settler of Kentucky. Captain Abraham Lincoln was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln (1622–1690), who was born in Hingham, Norfolk, England, and who, as a weaver's apprentice, emigrated to Massachusetts Bay Colony","title":"Abraham Lincoln (captain)"},{"psg_id":"18374309","text":"Abraham & Lincoln Abraham & Lincoln is a 2007 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Pramod Pappan with Kalabhavan Mani and Rahman starring in the lead roles. Abraham investigates the death of his sister. Along the way, he discovers some shocking information that strengthens his determination to find his sister's killer. He becomes a goonda (hired thug) and infiltrates the mafia. At the same time, a young police officer called Lincoln begins investigating the same mafia that Abraham has just joined. Lincoln suspects that they are to blame for ruining his sister's life. Abraham's life takes an unexpected turn as he","title":"Abraham & Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"3864990","text":"performance of Walter Huston in the lead role.\" Film historian Melvyn Stokes found that \"Abraham Lincoln\"'s episodic structure \"came at the cost of dramatic tension\" and suggested that the film's disappointing box office performance was due to its having \"nothing of major importance and relevance to say about its subject to moviegoers of Depression-era America.\" \"Abraham Lincoln\" was the first sound film about the Civil War which veterans of that war could view. Abraham Lincoln (1930 film) Abraham Lincoln, also released under the title D. W. Griffith's \"Abraham Lincoln\", is a 1930 Pre-Code American biographical film about Abraham Lincoln directed","title":"Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)"},{"psg_id":"13500872","text":"Abraham Lincoln Association The Abraham Lincoln Association is an American association that observes each anniversary of the birth of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, preserves and makes more accessible landmarks associated with his life, and encourages, promotes, and aids the collection and dissemination of authentic information regarding all phases of his life and career. The Abraham Lincoln Association was organized in 1908 as the Lincoln Centennial Association. Among the founders of the Association were United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Melville Weston Fuller, and financier John Whitfield Bunn. It led the national celebration of Lincoln's one-hundredth birthday. In 1925, under the","title":"Abraham Lincoln Association"},{"psg_id":"13838885","text":"journals, and recommended readings compiled by scholars. Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln This bibliography of Abraham Lincoln is a comprehensive list of written and published works about or by Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States. In terms of primary sources containing Lincoln's letters and writings, scholars rely on \"The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln\", edited by Roy Basler, and others. It only includes writings by Lincoln, and omits incoming correspondence. In the six decades since Basler completed his work, some new documents written by Lincoln have been discovered. Previously, a project was underway at the Papers of Abraham Lincoln","title":"Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"13838883","text":"Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln This bibliography of Abraham Lincoln is a comprehensive list of written and published works about or by Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States. In terms of primary sources containing Lincoln's letters and writings, scholars rely on \"The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln\", edited by Roy Basler, and others. It only includes writings by Lincoln, and omits incoming correspondence. In the six decades since Basler completed his work, some new documents written by Lincoln have been discovered. Previously, a project was underway at the Papers of Abraham Lincoln to provide \"a freely accessible comprehensive electronic","title":"Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"16392193","text":"Abraham Lincoln (play) Abraham Lincoln is a 1918 play by John Drinkwater about the 16th President of the United States. Drinkwater's first great success, it premiered in England in 1918. The 1919 Broadway production starred Frank McGlynn. A rare depiction of events in the life of a U.S. President by a British playwright, \"Abraham Lincoln\" was a great success in its day. The play covers events in Lincoln's Presidency from his election in 1860 to his assassination, but omits most of the events in his private life. \"Abraham Lincoln\" was first produced in October 1918 at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre,","title":"Abraham Lincoln (play)"},{"psg_id":"15216833","text":"Abraham Lincoln (Cecere) Abraham Lincoln is a public artwork by American artist Gaetano Cecere located on Lincoln Memorial Drive in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The 10'6\" bronze sculpture depicts a young beardless Abraham Lincoln. The former president stands looking down with both hands at his sides. Gaetano Cecere's \"Abraham Lincoln\" stands tall at 10'6\". The full-length portrait shows a young beardless Lincoln looking down. The cast bronze sculpture sits on a Wausau red granite pedestal. There are various inscriptions on the sculpture. The lower left corner of the back of the bronze base reads: The lower right corner of the","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Cecere)"},{"psg_id":"14494969","text":"Abraham Lincoln Institute The Abraham Lincoln Institute (ALI), founded in 1997, is a non-profit organization promoting scholarly research on the subject of Abraham Lincoln. The institute utilizes dissertation prizes, book awards, and an annual Lincoln symposium to encourage research and scholarship on the life and legacy of Abraham Lincoln. These annual symposia, presented at the National Archives in College Park, MD and more recently at Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC, are a venue for both emerging and highly renowned Lincoln scholars to present the findings of their current research. They are attended by the general public and have been frequently","title":"Abraham Lincoln Institute"},{"psg_id":"14494965","text":"Abraham Lincoln Institute The Abraham Lincoln Institute (ALI), founded in 1997, is a non-profit organization promoting scholarly research on the subject of Abraham Lincoln. The institute utilizes dissertation prizes, book awards, and an annual Lincoln symposium to encourage research and scholarship on the life and legacy of Abraham Lincoln. These annual symposia, presented at the National Archives in College Park, MD and more recently at Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC, are a venue for both emerging and highly renowned Lincoln scholars to present the findings of their current research. They are attended by the general public and have been frequently","title":"Abraham Lincoln Institute"},{"psg_id":"18388565","text":"I Am Abraham Lincoln I Am Abraham Lincoln is the first children's book written by Brad Meltzer in the \"Ordinary People Change the World\" series. It follows the adventures of a young Abraham Lincoln learning important lessons. The book features a young Abraham Lincoln - before he becomes President - as well as a Lincoln facing the American Civil War and delivering the Gettysburg Address. As a child, young Abraham Lincoln stood up to bullies who were torturing a small turtle. The idea for the \"Ordinary People Change the World\" series came to Meltzer as he was shopping for his","title":"I Am Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"19183615","text":"2014. Abraham Lincoln Bridge The Abraham Lincoln Bridge is a six-lane, single-deck cable-stayed bridge carrying northbound Interstate 65 across the Ohio River, connecting Louisville, Kentucky, and Jeffersonville, Indiana. The main span is (two spans) and the bridge has a total length of . It is named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who was born in Kentucky and grew up in Southern Indiana. The Abraham Lincoln Bridge opened on December 6, 2015, and is parallel to the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge upstream and carries six lanes of northbound I-65 traffic. Pedestrian and bicycle lanes were in the original plans, but","title":"Abraham Lincoln Bridge"},{"psg_id":"19183611","text":"Abraham Lincoln Bridge The Abraham Lincoln Bridge is a six-lane, single-deck cable-stayed bridge carrying northbound Interstate 65 across the Ohio River, connecting Louisville, Kentucky, and Jeffersonville, Indiana. The main span is (two spans) and the bridge has a total length of . It is named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who was born in Kentucky and grew up in Southern Indiana. The Abraham Lincoln Bridge opened on December 6, 2015, and is parallel to the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge upstream and carries six lanes of northbound I-65 traffic. Pedestrian and bicycle lanes were in the original plans, but have","title":"Abraham Lincoln Bridge"},{"psg_id":"14494967","text":"committee. The ALI Board of Directors present two awards annually. The Hay-Nicolay Dissertation Prize is given in conjunction with the Abraham Lincoln Association for what these two organizations consider to be the previous year’s most noteworthy dissertation on the subject of Abraham Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Institute book award is given for the previous year’s most noteworthy book on the subject of Abraham Lincoln. Book award winners in the past include Allen Guelzo for \"Redeemer President\" (2000) and Cullom Davis on behalf of the landmark \"Lincoln Legal Papers\" (2001). Beginning in 1998, the institute has held a day-long symposium entitled","title":"Abraham Lincoln Institute"},{"psg_id":"14721151","text":"Abraham Lincoln (1912 statue) Abraham Lincoln – also known as The Gettysburg Lincoln – is a bronze statue of President Abraham Lincoln by Daniel Chester French, located on the grounds of the Nebraska State Capitol. The monument was commissioned by the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Association of Lincoln, Nebraska, and produced between 1909 and its unveiling in 1912. The statue was cast in bronze by Jno. Williams, Inc. of New York. Its architectural setting was created by French's longtime collaborator Henry Bacon. The 8.67 ft (2.64 m) statue stands upon a 6 ft (1.83 m) granite base and before a 20","title":"Abraham Lincoln (1912 statue)"},{"psg_id":"10756692","text":"Abraham Lincoln: The Man Abraham Lincoln: The Man (also called Standing Lincoln) is a larger-than-life size () bronze statue of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States. The original statue is in Lincoln Park in Chicago, and several replicas have been installed in other places around the world. Completed by Augustus Saint-Gaudens in 1887, it has been described as the most important sculpture of Lincoln from the 19th century. At the time, the \"New York Evening Post\" called it \"the most important achievement American sculpture has yet produced.\" Abraham Lincoln II, Lincoln's only grandson, was present, among a","title":"Abraham Lincoln: The Man"},{"psg_id":"16392194","text":"of which John Drinkwater was the artistic director. Arnold Bennett and Nigel Playfair acquired the play and its company for the suburban Hammersmith Playhouse, where \"Abraham Lincoln\" became a sensational success with London audiences. Irish actor William J. Rea starred. Produced by William Harris Jr., the Broadway production of \"Abraham Lincoln\" opened December 15, 1919, at the Cort Theatre, and ran for 193 performances. Lester Lonergan directed a cast including the following: In 1924, a two-reel sound film version of the play was filmed by Lee De Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process. Frank McGlynn reprised his Broadway role. In","title":"Abraham Lincoln (play)"},{"psg_id":"16392195","text":"Czechoslovakia the play was broadcast on radio on November 8, 1937. Directed by Miloslav Jares, the production starred Frantisek Salzer in the role of Abraham Lincoln. \"Abraham Lincoln\" was adapted as the sixth episode of the CBS Radio series \"The Mercury Theatre on the Air\", broadcast August 15, 1938. The cast included Orson Welles (Abraham Lincoln), Ray Collins (Grant), Edward Jerome (General Lee) George Coulouris (Hook), Joseph Cotten (Seward), Carl Frank (Scott), Karl Swenson (Hay), William Alland (Dennis) and Agnes Moorehead (Mrs. Lincoln). On May 26, 1952, the play was presented on television on the anthology series \"Studio One\". Starring","title":"Abraham Lincoln (play)"},{"psg_id":"5650930","text":"Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park preserves two separate farm sites in LaRue County, Kentucky where Abraham Lincoln was born and lived early in his childhood. He was born at the Sinking Spring site south of Hodgenville and remained there until the family moved to the Knob Creek Farm northeast of Hodgenville when he was 2 years old, living there until he was 7 years old. The Sinking Spring site is the location of the park visitors center. In the fall of 1808, Thomas and Nancy Lincoln settled on Sinking Spring Farm. Two months","title":"Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park"},{"psg_id":"13500874","text":"\"The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln\" is now available online to the public at the association's website. The association has made many their publications available to the public on this website. On February 12, 2009, the Abraham Lincoln Association led the national celebration of Lincoln's 200th birthday. President Barack Obama was the guest of honor at the Association's birthday banquet on the evening of February 12 in Springfield. He gave a speech titled \"What the People Need Done\". Lincoln scholar Michael Burlingame also spoke at the banquet. The banquet was co-hosted by the Illinois Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission. The association","title":"Abraham Lincoln Association"},{"psg_id":"6841708","text":"built 101 years after President Lincoln was born. The extensive restoration of the \"Abraham Lincoln\" has returned it to the simple elegance of the 1920s. In July 1988, the \"Abraham Lincoln\" was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, which records the tangible reminders of the history of the United States and is the official list of the nation's cultural resources worthy of preservation. Abraham Lincoln (Pullman car) The Abraham Lincoln, also known as Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Business Car No. 101, is the oldest operable passenger car in the United States. It is listed on the","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Pullman car)"},{"psg_id":"12995450","text":"Abraham Lincoln Statue (Kentucky) The Abraham Lincoln Statue is a historic statue in the Hodgenville Commercial Historic District's public square in Hodgenville, Kentucky. Adolph Alexander Weinman sculpted the statue, as he also did the Lincoln statue at the capitol rotunda at Frankfort, Kentucky. The Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park is nearby. The statue was the result of the Lincoln Monument Commission under the direction of Otis M. Mather, chairman. The Kentucky General Assembly commissioned the Commission in 1904. It was built to commemorate the centennial of Abraham Lincoln's birth, which occurred a few miles south of Hodgenville on February","title":"Abraham Lincoln Statue (Kentucky)"},{"psg_id":"16246716","text":"Abraham Lincoln (Healy) Abraham Lincoln is an 1869 oil-on-canvas painting by George Peter Alexander Healy of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States. In the painting, Lincoln is observed alone, leaning forward, with his elbow on his knee and his head resting on his hand. The pose is taken from Healy's 1868 painting, \"The Peacemakers\", which depicts the historic March 28, 1865, strategy session by the Union high command, composed of William Tecumseh Sherman, Ulysses S. Grant, David Dixon Porter, and Lincoln, aboard the steamboat the \"River Queen\" during the final days of the American Civil War. Lincoln","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Healy)"},{"psg_id":"15423","text":"Other Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the Civil War, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in a poor family. Self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois. As a Whig Party leader, he served","title":"Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"15272","text":"Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the Civil War, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in a poor family. Self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois. As a Whig Party leader, he served eight","title":"Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"9437792","text":"Angeles. These include a forthcoming divorce clinic and an ongoing expungement clinic to help reduce recidivism rates. Law students are encouraged to volunteer. Abraham Lincoln University faculty include practicing lawyers and professionals in the field. Some of the institutions that faculty members come from include Stanford University, UCLA, University of California, Berkeley, and Loyola. Cumulatively, as of July 2015, 386 graduates have sat for the General California Bar Examination since 1999 and 166 (43.0%) have passed the exam, including repeat test takers. Abraham Lincoln University Abraham Lincoln University (ALU) and Abraham Lincoln University School of Law is an online university","title":"Abraham Lincoln University"},{"psg_id":"13111766","text":"Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Abraham Lincoln Marovitz (August 10, 1905 – March 17, 2001) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Born on August 10, 1905, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, to Orthodox Jewish parents who were Lithuanian immigrants, Marovitz grew up in the Maxwell Street area of Chicago, Illinois, after his parents moved to Chicago in 1910. Marovitz spent his youth selling newspapers, delivering groceries and prizefighting. As a teenager, he also worked as an office boy for a law firm, where a partner encouraged him to attend law school (and","title":"Abraham Lincoln Marovitz"},{"psg_id":"13111761","text":"Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Abraham Lincoln Marovitz (August 10, 1905 – March 17, 2001) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Born on August 10, 1905, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, to Orthodox Jewish parents who were Lithuanian immigrants, Marovitz grew up in the Maxwell Street area of Chicago, Illinois, after his parents moved to Chicago in 1910. Marovitz spent his youth selling newspapers, delivering groceries and prizefighting. As a teenager, he also worked as an office boy for a law firm, where a partner encouraged him to attend law school (and","title":"Abraham Lincoln Marovitz"},{"psg_id":"3864982","text":"Abraham Lincoln (1930 film) Abraham Lincoln, also released under the title D. W. Griffith's \"Abraham Lincoln\", is a 1930 Pre-Code American biographical film about Abraham Lincoln directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars Walter Huston as Lincoln and Una Merkel, in her second speaking role, as Ann Rutledge. Her first speaking role was in a short film, \"Love's Old Sweet Song\" (1923) filmed in the Phonofilm sound-on-film process. The script was co-written by Stephen Vincent Benét, author of the Civil War prose poem \"John Brown's Body,\" and Gerrit Lloyd. This was the first of only two sound films made by","title":"Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)"},{"psg_id":"16388117","text":"to prevent another outbreak) at Booth's hands. Casting took place in January 2012. Using mostly local talent, filming began on January 28 in Savannah, Georgia. Originally the script was set to shoot at a fort in Tennessee, but Savannah and Fort Pulaski were subsequently chosen for location shooting of scenes where Lincoln confronts zombies who had overrun a Confederate stronghold. The choice of Bill Oberst Jr. in the lead role of Abraham Lincoln in \"Abraham Lincoln vs. Zombies\" has been praised, with criticisms otherwise aimed at the film's plot, supporting cast members, character development, and historical inaccuracies. Jason Adams of","title":"Abraham Lincoln vs. Zombies"},{"psg_id":"15211981","text":"Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation is the successor organization of the U.S. Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission (ALBC), which was created by Congress and the President of the United States to plan the commemoration of Abraham Lincoln’s 200th birthday in 2009. The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission sunset on April 30, 2010 The foundation is committed to initiating and supporting innovative and historically meaningful national, state, and local programs that commemorate the memory and sustain the ideals and historic impact of America’s sixteenth president, particularly during the current, five-year observances of the American Civil War sesquicentennial. Building on","title":"Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation"},{"psg_id":"13500873","text":"leadership of Association President Logan Hay, Paul M. Angle became the Association's first executive secretary. Paul Angle, Benjamin Thomas, Harry Pratt established the association's programs of research and publication. Its semi-annual \"Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association\" is the only journal devoted exclusively to the history and legacies of Abraham Lincoln. The association also publishes a quarterly newsletter, \"For the People\". Historian David Herbert Donald said \"The Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association is the most important periodical in the field of Lincoln studies. As a Lincoln biographer, I rely on it heavily for both ideas and information.\" The eight-volume","title":"Abraham Lincoln Association"},{"psg_id":"11074620","text":"Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission (ALBC) was the Congressionally created 14-member federal commission focused on planning and commemorating the 200th birthday of the United States' 16th president on February 12, 2009. The commission served for ten years, from 2000 to 2010. Its official successor organization, announced in 2011 with an expanded board and broadened mission, is The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation. The ALBC was established by the passage of the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission Act in 2000 (Public Law No: 106-173). The commission's 14 members were a diverse group of political leaders, jurists, scholars and collectors,","title":"Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission"},{"psg_id":"9001335","text":"is a bust of Abraham Lincoln in the Museum of the Revolution, a small statue of him in front of the Abraham Lincoln School, and a bust of him near the Capitolio. In Quito, Ecuador, a statue of Lincoln can be found in the Plaza Abraham Lincoln. Avenida Abraham Lincoln, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic is one of the capital city's most important and trafficked streets. Walt Whitman was especially fascinated by Lincoln during the Civil War and wrote several famous poems about him. Lincoln was fond of Whitman's poetry even before the war. by David S. Reynolds Over 1000","title":"Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"8220594","text":"1990s. Some instances can be seen where silver replaces grey. The school's mascot is a Lancer, which is a jousting knight holding a pole arm/lance. Abraham Lincoln High School's traditional rival high school is John F. Kennedy High School, although rivalries have also existed with (Denver) West High School and (Denver) North High School. Both Abraham Lincoln High School and John F. Kennedy High School have nearly exact original architecture. ALHS currently has 1,400 students, four administrators, and 100 teachers. The principal is Irving. Abraham Lincoln High School is located in the Harvey Park neighborhood on the southwest side of","title":"Abraham Lincoln High School (Denver)"},{"psg_id":"9599827","text":"sensibilities to race and culture. The 2015 reprint was featured in \"Publishers Weekly\" on December 1, 2015. Abraham Lincoln (Parin d'Aulaire book) Abraham Lincoln is a book by Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire about Abraham Lincoln. Originally published by Doubleday, it was the recipient of the Caldecott Medal for illustration in 1940. \"Abraham Lincoln\" story is based on the life of the 16th President of the United States, focusing on his early years and the road he took to manhood. Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire often explored the environment of their historical subjects and, for \"Abraham Lincoln\", they spent time","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Parin d'Aulaire book)"},{"psg_id":"5650938","text":"staff during certain days in summer months. Both sites have hiking and picnic areas. Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park preserves two separate farm sites in LaRue County, Kentucky where Abraham Lincoln was born and lived early in his childhood. He was born at the Sinking Spring site south of Hodgenville and remained there until the family moved to the Knob Creek Farm northeast of Hodgenville when he was 2 years old, living there until he was 7 years old. The Sinking Spring site is the location of the park visitors center. In the","title":"Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park"},{"psg_id":"16989913","text":"states. In 1971, Presidents Day became a national holiday, combining Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays and replacing most states' celebration of his birthday. The Abraham Lincoln Association was formed in 1908 to commemorate the centennial of Lincoln's birth. In 2000, Congress established the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission to commemorate his 200th birthday in February 2009. Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, U.S. president 1861–65, has been memorialized in many town, city, and county names, Along with George Washington, he is an iconic image of American democracy and nationalism. Barry Schwartz, a sociologist who has examined America's cultural memory, states that in","title":"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"2431881","text":"USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602) USS \"Abraham Lincoln\" (SSBN-602), a fleet ballistic missile submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), the 16th President of the United States (1861–1865). Her keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard of Kittery, Maine, on 1 November 1958. She was launched on 14 May 1960 sponsored by Mrs. Mary L. Beckwith (great-granddaughter of President Abraham Lincoln), and commissioned on 8 March 1961 with Commander Leonard Erb commanding the Blue Crew and Commander Donald M. Miller commanding the Gold Crew. \"Abraham Lincoln\" got underway on","title":"USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602)"},{"psg_id":"15883483","text":"Abraham Lincoln (Rogers) Abraham Lincoln is a bronze statue by Randolph Rogers. It is located in Fairmount Park, Kelly Drive at Sedgely Drive, Philadelphia. In 1866, $22,000 was raised for a statue, and Randolph Rogers was commissioned. The work was dedicated on September 22, 1871. In 2001, the monument was relocated from a traffic island to the east side of Kelly Drive. The inscription on the pedestal reads:<br> (On plaque, front:)<br> TO<br> ABRAHAM LINCOLN<br> FROM A GRATEFUL PEOPLE<br> (On plaque, left side:)<br> I DO ORDER AND DECLARE<br> THAT ALL PERSONS HELD<br> AS SLAVES WITHIN THE STATES<br> IN REBELLION ARE AND","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Rogers)"},{"psg_id":"6249975","text":"family.\" Like Abraham Lincoln, his uncle's family was also subject to depression, called \"the Lincoln horrors.\" Aside from sharing the tendency to melancholy, Mordecai and his sons also appeared to share a sense of humor as well as a physical resemblance with Abraham Lincoln. Mordecai Lincoln Mordecai Lincoln (1771 – 1830) was the uncle of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. He was the son of Captain Abraham Lincoln, brother of Thomas Lincoln and Mary Lincoln Crume and husband of Mary Mudd. He is buried at the Old Catholic or Lincoln Cemetery near Fountain Green, Illinois. Mordecai's Springfield, Kentucky home, is the","title":"Mordecai Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"4329949","text":"Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln The sexuality of Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), the 16th President of the United States, has been a topic of debate among some scholars. Lincoln was married to Mary Todd from November 4, 1842, until his death on April 15, 1865, and fathered four children with her. Psychologist C. A. Tripp's book, \"The Intimate World of Abraham Lincoln\" (2005,) described Lincoln as having a detached relationship with women, in contrast to a close male friend with whom he allegedly shared a bed (this was not an unusual practice at the time). Dale Carnegie, better known for books on","title":"Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"15216838","text":"Design, the National Sculpture Society, and the New York Architectural League. Cecere's work reflected his interest in the beauty and simplicity of early Greek art. In addition to the \"Abraham Lincoln\", he designed the U.S. Army's Soldier Medal for Valor for the United States Mint, as well as the Art in Trade Club Medal for the School of Art League of New York, the John F. Stevens Monument in Montana, and the Columbia Broadcasting Guest Award Medal. Abraham Lincoln (Cecere) Abraham Lincoln is a public artwork by American artist Gaetano Cecere located on Lincoln Memorial Drive in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Cecere)"},{"psg_id":"9599825","text":"Abraham Lincoln (Parin d'Aulaire book) Abraham Lincoln is a book by Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire about Abraham Lincoln. Originally published by Doubleday, it was the recipient of the Caldecott Medal for illustration in 1940. \"Abraham Lincoln\" story is based on the life of the 16th President of the United States, focusing on his early years and the road he took to manhood. Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire often explored the environment of their historical subjects and, for \"Abraham Lincoln\", they spent time camping and sketching in Kentucky and Illinois to capture the feel of Lincoln's roots. The original celebrated","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Parin d'Aulaire book)"},{"psg_id":"11504546","text":"House\" to the Chicago-St. Louis corridor in 1977; in 1978 it dropped the \"Abraham Lincoln\" name altogether. Today service between Chicago and St. Louis is handled by the \"\"Lincoln Service\"\". American Car and Foundry (ACF) constructed two lightweight trainsets for the B&O, one for the \"Abraham Lincoln\" and one for the \"Royal Blue\", which ran between New York City and Washington, D. C.. Each trainset consisted of eight cars: a baggage/mail car, three coaches, a lunch counter/diner, two parlor cars, and a parlor-observation car. The B&O rebuilt both baggage/mail cars in 1936: the \"Abraham Lincoln\"s became a baggage/buffet car with","title":"Abraham Lincoln (train)"},{"psg_id":"13838884","text":"edition of documents written by and to Abraham Lincoln\". The Papers of Abraham Lincoln completed Series I of their project \"The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln\" in 2000. They electronically launched \"The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln, Second Edition\" in 2009, and published a selective print edition of this series. Attempts are still being made to transcribe documents for Series II (non-legal, pre-presidential materials) and Series III (presidential materials). There have been 16,000 books published on Lincoln—125 on the assassination alone—more than any other American. This listing is therefore highly selective and is based on the reviews in the scholarly","title":"Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"18169892","text":"Abraham Lincoln: A History Abraham Lincoln: A History is an 1890 ten-volume account of the life and times of Abraham Lincoln, written by John Nicolay and John Hay, who were his personal secretaries during the American Civil War. Early in his presidency, Hay and Nicolay requested and received permission from Lincoln to write his biography. In the first years after Lincoln's death, Hay and Nicolay were not encouraged to publish such a work—Representative Isaac Newton Arnold, a Lincoln supporter, had quickly published a substantial Lincoln biography, and publishers were not eager for another. Further, the permission of Robert Lincoln, who","title":"Abraham Lincoln: A History"},{"psg_id":"14721152","text":"ft (6.1 m) granite stele, on which is inscribed the text of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. French later used much of his research for this statue – consisting largely of studying Mathew Brady's photographs of Lincoln and obtaining a copy of Leonard Volk's plaster life cast of the president – in the creation of his most famous work: the \"Seated Lincoln\" statue (1920) at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Abraham Lincoln (1912 statue) Abraham Lincoln – also known as The Gettysburg Lincoln – is a bronze statue of President Abraham Lincoln by Daniel Chester French, located on the grounds of","title":"Abraham Lincoln (1912 statue)"},{"psg_id":"7167147","text":"Lincoln learned a trade, in his case weaving, to practice alongside the subsistence farming necessary on the colonial frontier. The Lincoln home farm on Hiester's Creek, in what is now Exeter Township, Berks County, was left to John's half-brothers, the children of his father's second marriage. In 1743, John Lincoln married Rebecca Morris (1720–1806), daughter of Enoch Flowers of Caernarvon Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Rebecca was the widow of James Morris and the mother of a young son, Jonathan Morris. Abraham Lincoln was born 13 May 1744 in what is now Berks County, Pennsylvania. Abraham was the first child born","title":"Abraham Lincoln (captain)"},{"psg_id":"13415373","text":"Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue) Abraham Lincoln (1920) is a colossal seated figure of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) sculpted by Daniel Chester French (1850–1931) and carved by the Piccirilli Brothers. It is situated in the Lincoln Memorial (constructed 1914–22), on the National Mall, Washington, D.C., USA, and was unveiled in 1922. Stylistically, the work follows in the Beaux Arts and American Renaissance traditions. The 170-ton statue is composed of 28 blocks of white Georgia marble (Georgia Marble Company) and rises from the floor, including the seated figure (with armchair and footrest) upon an high pedestal. The figure of Lincoln gazes","title":"Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue)"},{"psg_id":"11317830","text":"Abraham Lincoln Filene Abraham Lincoln Filene (April 5, 1865 – August 27, 1957) was an American businessman and philanthropist. Born to a Jewish family in Boston, Massachusetts, he was one of 5 children of William Filene and Clara Ballin. His parents were German Jewish immigrants - his father from Posen, Prussia and mother was born in Segnitz, Bavaria - who immigrated to the United States in 1848. His father founded Filene's department stores. Known by his middle name, Lincoln, together with his older brother Edward, built his father's store into a highly successful business. A social reformer, Lincoln Filene supported","title":"Abraham Lincoln Filene"},{"psg_id":"15797960","text":"collection of Lincoln documents, thousands of other items are located in public and private repositories around the world. Previous attempts to locate and publish Lincoln documents include Nicolay and Hay's 1905 \"Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln\", consisting of 12 volumes; Gilbert A. Tracy and Francis H. Allen’s 1917 \"Uncollected Letters of Abraham Lincoln;\" Rufus Rockwell Wilson’s 1947 \"Uncollected Works of Abraham Lincoln: His Letters, Addresses and Other Papers;\" and Paul Angle's 1930 \"New Letters and Papers of Lincoln\". In the 1930s, the Abraham Lincoln Association began collecting photostats of Lincoln documents and by 1945 began drafting plans that eventually culminated","title":"The Papers of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"11034158","text":"Poetry of Abraham Lincoln The poetry of Abraham Lincoln has been an interesting source into the psyche of this President. In addition to two complete, narrative poems, Abraham Lincoln wrote several small verses throughout his life and possibly a poem in the form of a suicide note. In 1846, Lincoln completed the composition of one of his most serious poems, which dealt with his emotions upon visiting his childhood home. It is divided into two cantos. The first section was mailed to Lincoln's friend and fellow politician, Andrew Johnston, on April 18, 1846. The second was mailed on September 6,","title":"Poetry of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"11504548","text":"to the trains' equipment. The new cars seated 68 and 31, respectively. Abraham Lincoln (train) The Abraham Lincoln was a named passenger train operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1935 into the 1960s. The \"\"Abe Lincoln\"\" ran between Chicago and St. Louis on the B&O's subsidiary Alton Railroad. The train later passed to the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and then finally to Amtrak, which retained the name until 1978. Service between Chicago and St. Louis is now known by the umbrella term \"\"Lincoln Service\"\". This train was the first streamlined passenger service to travel the 284 miles","title":"Abraham Lincoln (train)"},{"psg_id":"11504543","text":"Abraham Lincoln (train) The Abraham Lincoln was a named passenger train operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1935 into the 1960s. The \"\"Abe Lincoln\"\" ran between Chicago and St. Louis on the B&O's subsidiary Alton Railroad. The train later passed to the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and then finally to Amtrak, which retained the name until 1978. Service between Chicago and St. Louis is now known by the umbrella term \"\"Lincoln Service\"\". This train was the first streamlined passenger service to travel the 284 miles between Chicago and St. Louis, with Joliet, Bloomington-Normal, Springfield and Alton in","title":"Abraham Lincoln (train)"},{"psg_id":"13537296","text":"Abraham Lincoln (Morse books) Abraham Lincoln is a 2-volume biography of Abraham Lincoln written by John Torrey Morse (1840-1937). Originally published in 1893, \"The New York Times\" found it to be \"for its scope, admirable. It will even stand up and appear respectable in the most distinguished company of Lincoln biographies that might be assembled.\" The author is \"a sane biographer, who brings to the task of writing about Lincoln a mind that aspires to \"see\" clear and think straight, instead of one held slavishly subject to a heart's desire to make Lincoln out a hero without fault or blemish.\"","title":"Abraham Lincoln (Morse books)"},{"psg_id":"16249707","text":"a Phonofilm, \"Memories of Lincoln\", with 91-year-old Chauncey Depew giving his recollections of meeting Lincoln in person. Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short) Abraham Lincoln (1924) is a short film made in the Phonofilm sound-on-film process . The film was directed by J. Searle Dawley, produced by Lee DeForest, is based on the 1918 play \"Abraham Lincoln\" by John Drinkwater, and stars Frank McGlynn Sr. as Lincoln. McGlynn also played Lincoln in the play on Broadway. Although no copies of the film appear to have survived, some photographs have been preserved. In 1923, DeForest and Dawley produced a short Phonofilm, \"Lincoln,","title":"Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short)"},{"psg_id":"18388567","text":"biography nor sermon.\" With the recent launch of \"I Am Rosa Parks\", all three books in the \"Ordinary People Change the World\" series appeared simultaneously on the \"New York Times\" Bestseller List: \"I Am Rosa Parks\" at #2; \"I Am Abraham Lincoln\" at #6; and \"I Am Amelia Earhart\" at #8. Meltzer was featured on many morning news shows to discuss the books, including \"CBS This Morning\". I Am Abraham Lincoln I Am Abraham Lincoln is the first children's book written by Brad Meltzer in the \"Ordinary People Change the World\" series. It follows the adventures of a young Abraham","title":"I Am Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"1621352","text":"carried out at Newport News Shipyard. \"Abraham Lincoln\"s contract was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding on 27 December 1982; her keel was laid 3 November 1984 at Newport News, Virginia. The ship was launched on 13 February 1988 and commissioned on 11 November 1989. She cost $4.726 billion in 2010 dollars. \"Abraham Lincoln\" was transferred to the Pacific in September 1990 performing Gringo-Gaucho with the Argentine Naval Aviation during its transit. From 4 October, \"Abraham Lincoln\" formed CTG 24.8 in company with ; 6 October transit with and \"Doyle\" in company. On 5 November 1990, as \"Abraham Lincoln\" was anchored","title":"USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)"},{"psg_id":"16989901","text":"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, U.S. president 1861–65, has been memorialized in many town, city, and county names, Along with George Washington, he is an iconic image of American democracy and nationalism. Barry Schwartz, a sociologist who has examined America's cultural memory, states that in the 1930s and 1940s, the memory of Abraham Lincoln was practically sacred and provided the nation with \"a moral symbol inspiring and guiding American life.\" During the Great Depression, he says, Lincoln served \"as a means for seeing the world's disappointments, for making its sufferings not so much explicable as meaningful.\" Franklin D. Roosevelt,","title":"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"13415381","text":"the sculptor was familiar with sign language. Historian James A. Percoco has observed that, although there are no extant documents showing that French carved Lincoln's hands to represent the letters \"A\" and \"L\" in American Sign Language, \"I think you can conclude that it's reasonable to have that kind of summation about the hands.\" Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue) Abraham Lincoln (1920) is a colossal seated figure of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) sculpted by Daniel Chester French (1850–1931) and carved by the Piccirilli Brothers. It is situated in the Lincoln Memorial (constructed 1914–22), on the National Mall, Washington, D.C., USA,","title":"Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue)"},{"psg_id":"11317832","text":"of Boston. Lincoln Filene married Thérèse Weill. A family involved in the arts, they were part of the group who founded the Boston Symphony Orchestra. They had two daughters, Helen Filene Ladd and Catherine Filene Shouse. Catherine received numerous domestic and international honors for her contribution to the arts and who donated the land and provided funding for Virginia's Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts. Lincoln Filene died in 1957 in Marstons Mills, Massachusetts. Abraham Lincoln Filene Abraham Lincoln Filene (April 5, 1865 – August 27, 1957) was an American businessman and philanthropist. Born to a Jewish family","title":"Abraham Lincoln Filene"},{"psg_id":"15797969","text":"Iron Mountain Inc., also support the project. The National Endowment for the Humanities designated the Papers of Abraham Lincoln as a \"We the People\" project in 2004. This designation recognizes projects that enhance the study and understanding of American history. The National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the granting agency of the National Archives, endorsed the Papers of Abraham Lincoln in May 2008. The project also received an endorsement from the Illinois Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission. The Papers of Abraham Lincoln The Papers of Abraham Lincoln is a documentary editing project dedicated to identifying, imaging, transcribing, annotating, and publishing online","title":"The Papers of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"7167149","text":"influenced Abraham's choice of occupation. In 1768 Abraham's father John Lincoln purchased land in the Shenandoah Valley in the colony of Virginia. He settled his family on a tract on Linville Creek in Augusta County (now Rockingham County). In 1773, John and Rebecca Lincoln divided their tract with their two eldest sons, Abraham and Isaac. Abraham built a house on his land, across Linville Creek from his parents' home. Capt Abraham Lincoln married Bathsheba Herring (c. 1742 – 1836), a daughter of Alexander Herring (c. 1708–1778) and his wife Abigail Harrison (c. 1710 – c. 1780) of Linville Creek. The","title":"Abraham Lincoln (captain)"},{"psg_id":"11504545","text":"May 1, 1971, Amtrak retained the \"Abraham Lincoln\" as a daily Chicago-St. Louis service, operating in tandem with the GM&O's old \"Limited\". In November of that year Amtrak extended both the \"Abraham Lincoln\" and the \"Limited\" (now known as the \"Prairie State\") through Chicago to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In October 1973 replaced the rolling stock with the new Turboliner; as part of this change the trains were re-branded as \"Turboliners\" the schedules truncated to Chicago. In February 1976 Amtrak returned conventional rolling stock to the route and revived the \"Abraham Lincoln\" name along with the \"Ann Rutledge\". Amtrak added the \"State","title":"Abraham Lincoln (train)"},{"psg_id":"16989906","text":"image appear in numerous other places, such as the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. and Lincoln's sculpture on Mount Rushmore, Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in Lincoln City, Indiana, Lincoln's New Salem, Illinois, and Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield, Illinois commemorate the president. The Lincoln Memorial at Louisville Waterfront Park features a double-life-size sculpture of a seated, hatless Lincoln surrounded by narrative bas relief sculptures by Edward Hamilton which depict the history of slavery as witnessed by Lincoln in the slave markets of Kentucky. Ford's Theatre and Petersen House (where","title":"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"6249967","text":"Mordecai Lincoln Mordecai Lincoln (1771 – 1830) was the uncle of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. He was the son of Captain Abraham Lincoln, brother of Thomas Lincoln and Mary Lincoln Crume and husband of Mary Mudd. He is buried at the Old Catholic or Lincoln Cemetery near Fountain Green, Illinois. Mordecai's Springfield, Kentucky home, is the only home built by a member of the Lincoln family that still stands in its original location. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Mordecai was the first child born to Abraham Lincoln (1744–1786) and Bathsheba Herring (c.1742–1836), having been born","title":"Mordecai Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"14337186","text":"Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area The Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area is a National Heritage Area in central Illinois telling the story of Abraham Lincoln. A National Heritage Area is a federal-designated area intended to encourage historic preservation and an appreciation of the history and heritage of the site. While National Heritage Areas are not federally owned or managed, the National Park Service provides an advisory role and some technical, planning and financial assistance. The Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area was created as part of the Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008 (S. 2739), an omnibus bill. It was originally","title":"Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area"},{"psg_id":"1621357","text":"later. \"Abraham Lincoln\"s third deployment began in April 1995 when she was sent to the Persian Gulf and took part in Southern Watch and in Operation Vigilant Sentinel. During an underway replenishment, \"Abraham Lincoln\" was run into by when the latter had steering difficulties due to a split rudder, impacting \"Sacramento\"s port side, crushing the M-frames, partially crushing a female crew berthing area, and punching a large hole in \"Sacramento\"s superstructure (TACAN room). \"Abraham Lincoln\" was able to continue on with her mission while \"Sacramento\" had to dock at Jebel Ali, UAE for several weeks for repair. \"Abraham Lincoln\" began","title":"USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)"},{"psg_id":"8441170","text":"Abraham Lincoln Keister Abraham Lincoln Keister (September 10, 1852 – May 26, 1917) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Abraham L. Keister was born in Upper Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Otterbein College in Westerville, Ohio, in 1874. He studied law, was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Ohio in 1878 and commenced practice in Columbus, Ohio. He moved to Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1882, and engaged in the manufacture of coke. He organized the First National Bank of Scottdale, Pennsylvania, in 1889 and served continuously as its president for","title":"Abraham Lincoln Keister"},{"psg_id":"9001337","text":"\"the writer of this\". The first motion picture based on Lincoln was 1908 film \"\". Directed by Van Dyke Brooke, the film shows Lincoln pardoning a sentry who fell asleep on duty, a theme that would be depicted repeatedly in other silent era shorts. This era is also when the first Abraham Lincoln impersonators originated, and the modern idea of what he sounded like is derived from these. Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln Since his death in 1865, Abraham Lincoln has been an iconic American figure depicted—usually favorably or heroically—in many forms. Lincoln has often been portrayed by Hollywood, almost","title":"Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"20328039","text":"poured over the statue. Abraham Lincoln Monument (Ypsilanti, Michigan) The Abraham Lincoln Memorial is a limestone statue of Abraham Lincoln by Samuel Cashwan located in front of the Lincoln Middle School in the Lincoln Consolidated School District, about south of Ypsilanti, Michigan. The figure of Lincoln, larger than life-size ( tall) is bracketed by two smaller groups one leaning on a fasces and the other depicting a figure with broken chains. The original idea for the statue arose out of a visit by Cashwan, who was employed by the Federal Art Project in Michigan, in the course of a visit","title":"Abraham Lincoln Monument (Ypsilanti, Michigan)"},{"psg_id":"20328037","text":"Abraham Lincoln Monument (Ypsilanti, Michigan) The Abraham Lincoln Memorial is a limestone statue of Abraham Lincoln by Samuel Cashwan located in front of the Lincoln Middle School in the Lincoln Consolidated School District, about south of Ypsilanti, Michigan. The figure of Lincoln, larger than life-size ( tall) is bracketed by two smaller groups one leaning on a fasces and the other depicting a figure with broken chains. The original idea for the statue arose out of a visit by Cashwan, who was employed by the Federal Art Project in Michigan, in the course of a visit to inspect several WPA","title":"Abraham Lincoln Monument (Ypsilanti, Michigan)"},{"psg_id":"16249706","text":"Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short) Abraham Lincoln (1924) is a short film made in the Phonofilm sound-on-film process . The film was directed by J. Searle Dawley, produced by Lee DeForest, is based on the 1918 play \"Abraham Lincoln\" by John Drinkwater, and stars Frank McGlynn Sr. as Lincoln. McGlynn also played Lincoln in the play on Broadway. Although no copies of the film appear to have survived, some photographs have been preserved. In 1923, DeForest and Dawley produced a short Phonofilm, \"Lincoln, Man of the People\", with Edwin Markham reading his poem of that title. In 1925, DeForest produced","title":"Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short)"},{"psg_id":"12938946","text":"First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln The first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th President of the United States was held on Monday, March 4, 1861, on the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first term of Abraham Lincoln as President and the only term of Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President. The presidential oath of office was administered to Lincoln by Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States. This was the first time Lincoln appeared in public with a beard, which he had begun growing after being","title":"First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"6259408","text":"Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery The Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery covers in Elwood, Illinois. It is located approximately southwest of Chicago, Illinois. When fully completed, it will provide 400,000 burial spaces. The cemetery was dedicated in 1999 by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Cemetery Administration. It was the 117th national cemetery dedicated under the administration. The cemetery is on the grounds of the former Joliet Army Ammunition Plant site, which was formerly known as the Joliet Arsenal. The cemetery is named after President Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States and founder of the National Cemetery","title":"Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery"},{"psg_id":"10125103","text":"argues that Lincoln's republicanism was taken up by the Freedmen as they were emancipated. Presidency of Abraham Lincoln The presidency of Abraham Lincoln began on March 4, 1861, when he was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States, and ended upon his assassination and death on April 15, 1865, days into his second term. Lincoln was the first member of the recently-established Republican Party elected to the presidency. He was succeeded by Vice President Andrew Johnson. Lincoln presided over the Union victory in the American Civil War, which dominated his presidency. Lincoln took office following the 1860 presidential","title":"Presidency of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"1621386","text":"deployed with the and to provide aid to Florida following the Hurricane Irma disaster. The vessels joined the already on station. On 2 August 2018, it was announced that \"Abraham Lincoln\" will return to San Diego as part of a home port shift for three carriers, thus returning her to the Pacific Fleet. At the end of August 2018, VFA-125 began operating from \"Abraham Lincoln\" as an integrated part of CVW-7, the first time that the F-35C had operated integrated cyclic operations, simulating the full spectrum of planned operations. USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) USS \"Abraham Lincoln\" (CVN-72) is the fifth","title":"USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)"},{"psg_id":"15277","text":"election. Anticipating the war's conclusion, Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. A few days after victory was complete he was assassinated, and ever since Lincoln has been remembered as the martyr hero of the reunited nation. Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, as the second child of Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a one-room log cabin on the Sinking","title":"Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"15797958","text":"The Papers of Abraham Lincoln The Papers of Abraham Lincoln is a documentary editing project dedicated to identifying, imaging, transcribing, annotating, and publishing online all documents written by or to Abraham Lincoln during his lifetime (1809-1865). Abraham Lincoln is one of America's most famous politicians and is consistently ranked as one of the greatest presidents ever to occupy the White House. Any scholarly study of his life is reliant on his written words to understand his thoughts, motives, and actions. After his father's death, Robert Todd Lincoln gathered a large collection of papers and entrusted their organization to David Davis,","title":"The Papers of Abraham Lincoln"},{"psg_id":"18077249","text":"cut the electric and telephone wires for each block as they went through.\" The Wyoming Parks Commission dedicated the \"Lincoln Monument\" in 1959 to commemorate Lincoln’s 150th birthday. Originally the bust was located at the highest point on the Lincoln highway from New York to San Francisco. “The grandeur of the landscape recalls the nobility of his soul,” Russin wrote referencing President Abraham Lincoln. The bust was transferred to its present beside of interstate 80, after that highway was finished in 1969. An estimated 200,000 travelers view the monumental sculpture annually. Abraham Lincoln Memorial Monument The Lincoln Monument is a","title":"Abraham Lincoln Memorial Monument"},{"psg_id":"10124974","text":"Presidency of Abraham Lincoln The presidency of Abraham Lincoln began on March 4, 1861, when he was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States, and ended upon his assassination and death on April 15, 1865, days into his second term. Lincoln was the first member of the recently-established Republican Party elected to the presidency. He was succeeded by Vice President Andrew Johnson. Lincoln presided over the Union victory in the American Civil War, which dominated his presidency. Lincoln took office following the 1860 presidential election, in which he won a plurality of the popular vote in a four-candidate","title":"Presidency of Abraham Lincoln"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7167153\",\n \"text\": \"and stop by his father's body. The Indian reached for Thomas, either to kill him or to carry him off. Mordecai took aim and shot the Indian in the chest, killing him. Tradition states that Captain Abraham Lincoln was buried next to his cabin, which is now the site of Long Run Baptist Church and Cemetery near Eastwood, Kentucky. A stone memorializing Captain Abraham Lincoln was placed in the cemetery in 1937. Bathsheba Lincoln was left a widow with five underage children. She moved the family away from the Ohio River, to Washington County, where the country was more thickly\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (captain)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9210341\",\n \"text\": \"earlier. Jack's name was not added to his father's memorial until 1976, or 1984 according to \\\"The Washington Post\\\". Abraham Lincoln II Abraham \\\"Jack\\\" Lincoln II (August 14, 1873 – March 5, 1890), was the middle of three children of Robert Todd Lincoln and Mary Eunice Harlan, and the only grandson of Abraham Lincoln. He died in Europe at the age of 16, after an infection from a wound. After President Lincoln's assassination, the former first family relocated to Chicago, Illinois, where Robert Todd Lincoln settled and married a U.S. senator's daughter, Mary Eunice Harlan. Abraham II was born in\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9210336\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln II Abraham \\\"Jack\\\" Lincoln II (August 14, 1873 – March 5, 1890), was the middle of three children of Robert Todd Lincoln and Mary Eunice Harlan, and the only grandson of Abraham Lincoln. He died in Europe at the age of 16, after an infection from a wound. After President Lincoln's assassination, the former first family relocated to Chicago, Illinois, where Robert Todd Lincoln settled and married a U.S. senator's daughter, Mary Eunice Harlan. Abraham II was born in 1873, the second of three children, and was nicknamed \\\"Jack\\\". Jack and his sisters were described as \\\"bright, natural,\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9210340\",\n \"text\": \"by the Rev. J. Munro Gibson, the Presbyterian minister who had baptized Jack, and married his parents. The registers of the General Cemetery Company record that the remains of 'Abraham Lincoln' were deposited in Catacomb Z, beneath the Dissenters' Chapel of Kensal Green Cemetery on March 7, 1890. His father accompanied the coffin back to Illinois, where Jack was buried in the Lincoln Tomb in Springfield, Illinois on November 8, 1890. His mother later decided on burial at Arlington National Cemetery and Jack's remains were re-interred there in May 1930 near those of his father, who had died four years\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18195678\",\n \"text\": \"was moved to its current location, but the fence remained. The statue is in axial alignment with the Independence Flagstaff and \\\"George Washington\\\". It was conserved in 1992. Abraham Lincoln (Brown) Abraham Lincoln is an outdoor bronze sculpture of Abraham Lincoln by Henry Kirke Brown, located at Union Square in Manhattan, New York. Cast in 1870 and dedicated on September 16 of that year, the statue was originally installed at the southwest corner of Union Square, where the sculpture of Mahatma Gandhi stands today. In 1875, a stone and bronze rail fence was constructed around the statue of Lincoln; the\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Brown)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17817049\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Flannery) Abraham Lincoln is a marble sculpture of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln by Irish artist Lot Flannery, located in front of the old District of Columbia City Hall in Washington, D.C., United States. It was installed several blocks from Ford's Theatre, where Lincoln was assassinated. Dedicated in 1868 on the third anniversary of Lincoln's death, dignitaries at the unveiling ceremony included President Andrew Johnson and Generals Ulysses S. Grant, William Tecumseh Sherman and Winfield Scott Hancock. The statue has been removed and rededicated twice. The first rededication was in 1923 following an outpouring of support from citizens and\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Flannery)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18195677\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Brown) Abraham Lincoln is an outdoor bronze sculpture of Abraham Lincoln by Henry Kirke Brown, located at Union Square in Manhattan, New York. Cast in 1870 and dedicated on September 16 of that year, the statue was originally installed at the southwest corner of Union Square, where the sculpture of Mahatma Gandhi stands today. In 1875, a stone and bronze rail fence was constructed around the statue of Lincoln; the fence included an inscription of text from his second inaugural address, \\\"with malice toward none; charity toward all.\\\" During the 1930 redesign of Union Square Park, the statue\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Brown)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15421\",\n \"text\": \"The most famous and most visited memorials are Lincoln's sculpture on Mount Rushmore; Lincoln Memorial, Ford's Theatre, and Petersen House (where he died) in Washington, D.C.; and the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield, Illinois, not far from Lincoln's home, as well as his tomb. Barry Schwartz, a sociologist who has examined America's cultural memory, argues that in the 1930s and 1940s, the memory of Abraham Lincoln was practically sacred and provided the nation with \\\"a moral symbol inspiring and guiding American life\\\". During the Great Depression, he argues, Lincoln served \\\"as a means for seeing the world's\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15280\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks were married on June 12, 1806, in Washington County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky, following their marriage. They became the parents of three children: Sarah, born on February 10, 1807; Abraham, on February 12, 1809; and another son, Thomas, who died in infancy. Thomas Lincoln bought or leased several farms in Kentucky, including the Sinking Spring farm, where Abraham was born; however, a land title dispute soon forced the Lincolns to move. In 1811, the family moved north, to Knob Creek Farm, where Thomas acquired title to of land. In 1815 a claimant in another\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4386550\",\n \"text\": \"Illinois, aged eighteen. Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, born December 13, 1818, died July 16, 1882. She was buried July 19, 1882, in one of the family crypts in the Lincoln Tomb. In the night of July 21, 1882, Mary Todd's casket was secretly taken from the crypt and at Robert Todd Lincoln's (her eldest son) request, buried alongside the President. On April 14, 1887, both caskets were moved to Memorial Hall. Lincoln's grandson Abraham Lincoln II (\\\"Jack\\\"), born August 14, 1873, died March 5, 1890, in London and was temporarily buried in Kensal Green Cemetery, London, until his father\",\n \"title\": \"Funeral and burial of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7167146\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (captain) Abraham Lincoln (May 13, 1744 – May 1786) was the grandfather of the 16th U.S. president, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a military captain during the American Revolution, and a pioneer settler of Kentucky. Captain Abraham Lincoln was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln (1622–1690), who was born in Hingham, Norfolk, England, and who, as a weaver's apprentice, emigrated to Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637. Abraham's father John Lincoln (1716–1788) was born in Monmouth County in the province of New Jersey, and grew up in the Schuylkill river valley in the province of Pennsylvania. Typical of his class, John\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (captain)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13500876\",\n \"text\": \"Past symposium topics include: 2009: The Age of Lincoln 2008: Celebrating a Century of Lincoln Scholarship 2007: Lincoln and the Politics of the 1850s 2006: The Lincoln Family Abraham Lincoln Association The Abraham Lincoln Association is an American association that observes each anniversary of the birth of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, preserves and makes more accessible landmarks associated with his life, and encourages, promotes, and aids the collection and dissemination of authentic information regarding all phases of his life and career. The Abraham Lincoln Association was organized in 1908 as the Lincoln Centennial Association. Among the founders of the Association\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9437789\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln University Abraham Lincoln University (ALU) and Abraham Lincoln University School of Law is an online university based in Los Angeles, California. Students may attend class in person or online. ALU was founded by Hyung J. Park, a tax attorney and graduate of Loyola Law School, in 1996. Classes initially were held in a conference room in his office. Park named his school after Abraham Lincoln partly because Lincoln had taught himself law. Abraham Lincoln University offers online Associate, Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctorate degrees, plus diplomas and certificates, in Law, Criminal Justice, Paralegal Studies, Business Administration, General Studies, and\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18374310\",\n \"text\": \"joins forces with Lincoln in an effort to take the criminals down. The song has been taken from a Malayalam film \\\"Abraham & Lincoln.\\\" Abraham & Lincoln Abraham & Lincoln is a 2007 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Pramod Pappan with Kalabhavan Mani and Rahman starring in the lead roles. Abraham investigates the death of his sister. Along the way, he discovers some shocking information that strengthens his determination to find his sister's killer. He becomes a goonda (hired thug) and infiltrates the mafia. At the same time, a young police officer called Lincoln begins investigating the same mafia that\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham & Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11034163\",\n \"text\": \"poems include the short piece dedicated to Linnie Haggard, daughter of the owner of a hotel where Lincoln stayed in Winchester, Illinois, dated September 30, 1858. <poem>To Linnie— A sweet plaintive song did I hear, And I fancied that she was the singer— May emotions as pure, as that song set a-stir Be the worst that the future shall bring her.</poem> Poetry of Abraham Lincoln The poetry of Abraham Lincoln has been an interesting source into the psyche of this President. In addition to two complete, narrative poems, Abraham Lincoln wrote several small verses throughout his life and possibly a\",\n \"title\": \"Poetry of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7167155\",\n \"text\": \"his death by the Indians,\\\" the president later wrote, \\\"and of Uncle Mordecai, then fourteen years old, killing one of the Indians, is the legend more strongly than all others imprinted on my mind and memory.\\\" Abraham Lincoln (captain) Abraham Lincoln (May 13, 1744 – May 1786) was the grandfather of the 16th U.S. president, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a military captain during the American Revolution, and a pioneer settler of Kentucky. Captain Abraham Lincoln was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln (1622–1690), who was born in Hingham, Norfolk, England, and who, as a weaver's apprentice, emigrated to Massachusetts Bay Colony\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (captain)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18374309\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham & Lincoln Abraham & Lincoln is a 2007 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Pramod Pappan with Kalabhavan Mani and Rahman starring in the lead roles. Abraham investigates the death of his sister. Along the way, he discovers some shocking information that strengthens his determination to find his sister's killer. He becomes a goonda (hired thug) and infiltrates the mafia. At the same time, a young police officer called Lincoln begins investigating the same mafia that Abraham has just joined. Lincoln suspects that they are to blame for ruining his sister's life. Abraham's life takes an unexpected turn as he\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham & Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3864990\",\n \"text\": \"performance of Walter Huston in the lead role.\\\" Film historian Melvyn Stokes found that \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\"'s episodic structure \\\"came at the cost of dramatic tension\\\" and suggested that the film's disappointing box office performance was due to its having \\\"nothing of major importance and relevance to say about its subject to moviegoers of Depression-era America.\\\" \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was the first sound film about the Civil War which veterans of that war could view. Abraham Lincoln (1930 film) Abraham Lincoln, also released under the title D. W. Griffith's \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\", is a 1930 Pre-Code American biographical film about Abraham Lincoln directed\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13500872\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Association The Abraham Lincoln Association is an American association that observes each anniversary of the birth of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, preserves and makes more accessible landmarks associated with his life, and encourages, promotes, and aids the collection and dissemination of authentic information regarding all phases of his life and career. The Abraham Lincoln Association was organized in 1908 as the Lincoln Centennial Association. Among the founders of the Association were United States Supreme Court Chief Justice Melville Weston Fuller, and financier John Whitfield Bunn. It led the national celebration of Lincoln's one-hundredth birthday. In 1925, under the\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13838885\",\n \"text\": \"journals, and recommended readings compiled by scholars. Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln This bibliography of Abraham Lincoln is a comprehensive list of written and published works about or by Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States. In terms of primary sources containing Lincoln's letters and writings, scholars rely on \\\"The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln\\\", edited by Roy Basler, and others. It only includes writings by Lincoln, and omits incoming correspondence. In the six decades since Basler completed his work, some new documents written by Lincoln have been discovered. Previously, a project was underway at the Papers of Abraham Lincoln\",\n \"title\": \"Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13838883\",\n \"text\": \"Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln This bibliography of Abraham Lincoln is a comprehensive list of written and published works about or by Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States. In terms of primary sources containing Lincoln's letters and writings, scholars rely on \\\"The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln\\\", edited by Roy Basler, and others. It only includes writings by Lincoln, and omits incoming correspondence. In the six decades since Basler completed his work, some new documents written by Lincoln have been discovered. Previously, a project was underway at the Papers of Abraham Lincoln to provide \\\"a freely accessible comprehensive electronic\",\n \"title\": \"Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16392193\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (play) Abraham Lincoln is a 1918 play by John Drinkwater about the 16th President of the United States. Drinkwater's first great success, it premiered in England in 1918. The 1919 Broadway production starred Frank McGlynn. A rare depiction of events in the life of a U.S. President by a British playwright, \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was a great success in its day. The play covers events in Lincoln's Presidency from his election in 1860 to his assassination, but omits most of the events in his private life. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was first produced in October 1918 at the Birmingham Repertory Theatre,\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15216833\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Cecere) Abraham Lincoln is a public artwork by American artist Gaetano Cecere located on Lincoln Memorial Drive in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The 10'6\\\" bronze sculpture depicts a young beardless Abraham Lincoln. The former president stands looking down with both hands at his sides. Gaetano Cecere's \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" stands tall at 10'6\\\". The full-length portrait shows a young beardless Lincoln looking down. The cast bronze sculpture sits on a Wausau red granite pedestal. There are various inscriptions on the sculpture. The lower left corner of the back of the bronze base reads: The lower right corner of the\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Cecere)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14494969\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Institute The Abraham Lincoln Institute (ALI), founded in 1997, is a non-profit organization promoting scholarly research on the subject of Abraham Lincoln. The institute utilizes dissertation prizes, book awards, and an annual Lincoln symposium to encourage research and scholarship on the life and legacy of Abraham Lincoln. These annual symposia, presented at the National Archives in College Park, MD and more recently at Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC, are a venue for both emerging and highly renowned Lincoln scholars to present the findings of their current research. They are attended by the general public and have been frequently\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14494965\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Institute The Abraham Lincoln Institute (ALI), founded in 1997, is a non-profit organization promoting scholarly research on the subject of Abraham Lincoln. The institute utilizes dissertation prizes, book awards, and an annual Lincoln symposium to encourage research and scholarship on the life and legacy of Abraham Lincoln. These annual symposia, presented at the National Archives in College Park, MD and more recently at Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC, are a venue for both emerging and highly renowned Lincoln scholars to present the findings of their current research. They are attended by the general public and have been frequently\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18388565\",\n \"text\": \"I Am Abraham Lincoln I Am Abraham Lincoln is the first children's book written by Brad Meltzer in the \\\"Ordinary People Change the World\\\" series. It follows the adventures of a young Abraham Lincoln learning important lessons. The book features a young Abraham Lincoln - before he becomes President - as well as a Lincoln facing the American Civil War and delivering the Gettysburg Address. As a child, young Abraham Lincoln stood up to bullies who were torturing a small turtle. The idea for the \\\"Ordinary People Change the World\\\" series came to Meltzer as he was shopping for his\",\n \"title\": \"I Am Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19183615\",\n \"text\": \"2014. Abraham Lincoln Bridge The Abraham Lincoln Bridge is a six-lane, single-deck cable-stayed bridge carrying northbound Interstate 65 across the Ohio River, connecting Louisville, Kentucky, and Jeffersonville, Indiana. The main span is (two spans) and the bridge has a total length of . It is named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who was born in Kentucky and grew up in Southern Indiana. The Abraham Lincoln Bridge opened on December 6, 2015, and is parallel to the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge upstream and carries six lanes of northbound I-65 traffic. Pedestrian and bicycle lanes were in the original plans, but\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19183611\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Bridge The Abraham Lincoln Bridge is a six-lane, single-deck cable-stayed bridge carrying northbound Interstate 65 across the Ohio River, connecting Louisville, Kentucky, and Jeffersonville, Indiana. The main span is (two spans) and the bridge has a total length of . It is named after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, who was born in Kentucky and grew up in Southern Indiana. The Abraham Lincoln Bridge opened on December 6, 2015, and is parallel to the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge upstream and carries six lanes of northbound I-65 traffic. Pedestrian and bicycle lanes were in the original plans, but have\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14494967\",\n \"text\": \"committee. The ALI Board of Directors present two awards annually. The Hay-Nicolay Dissertation Prize is given in conjunction with the Abraham Lincoln Association for what these two organizations consider to be the previous year’s most noteworthy dissertation on the subject of Abraham Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Institute book award is given for the previous year’s most noteworthy book on the subject of Abraham Lincoln. Book award winners in the past include Allen Guelzo for \\\"Redeemer President\\\" (2000) and Cullom Davis on behalf of the landmark \\\"Lincoln Legal Papers\\\" (2001). Beginning in 1998, the institute has held a day-long symposium entitled\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Institute\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14721151\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1912 statue) Abraham Lincoln – also known as The Gettysburg Lincoln – is a bronze statue of President Abraham Lincoln by Daniel Chester French, located on the grounds of the Nebraska State Capitol. The monument was commissioned by the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Association of Lincoln, Nebraska, and produced between 1909 and its unveiling in 1912. The statue was cast in bronze by Jno. Williams, Inc. of New York. Its architectural setting was created by French's longtime collaborator Henry Bacon. The 8.67 ft (2.64 m) statue stands upon a 6 ft (1.83 m) granite base and before a 20\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1912 statue)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10756692\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln: The Man Abraham Lincoln: The Man (also called Standing Lincoln) is a larger-than-life size () bronze statue of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States. The original statue is in Lincoln Park in Chicago, and several replicas have been installed in other places around the world. Completed by Augustus Saint-Gaudens in 1887, it has been described as the most important sculpture of Lincoln from the 19th century. At the time, the \\\"New York Evening Post\\\" called it \\\"the most important achievement American sculpture has yet produced.\\\" Abraham Lincoln II, Lincoln's only grandson, was present, among a\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln: The Man\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16392194\",\n \"text\": \"of which John Drinkwater was the artistic director. Arnold Bennett and Nigel Playfair acquired the play and its company for the suburban Hammersmith Playhouse, where \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" became a sensational success with London audiences. Irish actor William J. Rea starred. Produced by William Harris Jr., the Broadway production of \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" opened December 15, 1919, at the Cort Theatre, and ran for 193 performances. Lester Lonergan directed a cast including the following: In 1924, a two-reel sound film version of the play was filmed by Lee De Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process. Frank McGlynn reprised his Broadway role. In\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16392195\",\n \"text\": \"Czechoslovakia the play was broadcast on radio on November 8, 1937. Directed by Miloslav Jares, the production starred Frantisek Salzer in the role of Abraham Lincoln. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was adapted as the sixth episode of the CBS Radio series \\\"The Mercury Theatre on the Air\\\", broadcast August 15, 1938. The cast included Orson Welles (Abraham Lincoln), Ray Collins (Grant), Edward Jerome (General Lee) George Coulouris (Hook), Joseph Cotten (Seward), Carl Frank (Scott), Karl Swenson (Hay), William Alland (Dennis) and Agnes Moorehead (Mrs. Lincoln). On May 26, 1952, the play was presented on television on the anthology series \\\"Studio One\\\". Starring\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (play)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5650930\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park preserves two separate farm sites in LaRue County, Kentucky where Abraham Lincoln was born and lived early in his childhood. He was born at the Sinking Spring site south of Hodgenville and remained there until the family moved to the Knob Creek Farm northeast of Hodgenville when he was 2 years old, living there until he was 7 years old. The Sinking Spring site is the location of the park visitors center. In the fall of 1808, Thomas and Nancy Lincoln settled on Sinking Spring Farm. Two months\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13500874\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln\\\" is now available online to the public at the association's website. The association has made many their publications available to the public on this website. On February 12, 2009, the Abraham Lincoln Association led the national celebration of Lincoln's 200th birthday. President Barack Obama was the guest of honor at the Association's birthday banquet on the evening of February 12 in Springfield. He gave a speech titled \\\"What the People Need Done\\\". Lincoln scholar Michael Burlingame also spoke at the banquet. The banquet was co-hosted by the Illinois Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission. The association\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6841708\",\n \"text\": \"built 101 years after President Lincoln was born. The extensive restoration of the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" has returned it to the simple elegance of the 1920s. In July 1988, the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, which records the tangible reminders of the history of the United States and is the official list of the nation's cultural resources worthy of preservation. Abraham Lincoln (Pullman car) The Abraham Lincoln, also known as Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Business Car No. 101, is the oldest operable passenger car in the United States. It is listed on the\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Pullman car)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12995450\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Statue (Kentucky) The Abraham Lincoln Statue is a historic statue in the Hodgenville Commercial Historic District's public square in Hodgenville, Kentucky. Adolph Alexander Weinman sculpted the statue, as he also did the Lincoln statue at the capitol rotunda at Frankfort, Kentucky. The Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park is nearby. The statue was the result of the Lincoln Monument Commission under the direction of Otis M. Mather, chairman. The Kentucky General Assembly commissioned the Commission in 1904. It was built to commemorate the centennial of Abraham Lincoln's birth, which occurred a few miles south of Hodgenville on February\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Statue (Kentucky)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16246716\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Healy) Abraham Lincoln is an 1869 oil-on-canvas painting by George Peter Alexander Healy of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States. In the painting, Lincoln is observed alone, leaning forward, with his elbow on his knee and his head resting on his hand. The pose is taken from Healy's 1868 painting, \\\"The Peacemakers\\\", which depicts the historic March 28, 1865, strategy session by the Union high command, composed of William Tecumseh Sherman, Ulysses S. Grant, David Dixon Porter, and Lincoln, aboard the steamboat the \\\"River Queen\\\" during the final days of the American Civil War. Lincoln\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Healy)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15423\",\n \"text\": \"Other Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the Civil War, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in a poor family. Self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois. As a Whig Party leader, he served\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15272\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 16th President of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the Civil War, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy. Born in Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in a poor family. Self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois. As a Whig Party leader, he served eight\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9437792\",\n \"text\": \"Angeles. These include a forthcoming divorce clinic and an ongoing expungement clinic to help reduce recidivism rates. Law students are encouraged to volunteer. Abraham Lincoln University faculty include practicing lawyers and professionals in the field. Some of the institutions that faculty members come from include Stanford University, UCLA, University of California, Berkeley, and Loyola. Cumulatively, as of July 2015, 386 graduates have sat for the General California Bar Examination since 1999 and 166 (43.0%) have passed the exam, including repeat test takers. Abraham Lincoln University Abraham Lincoln University (ALU) and Abraham Lincoln University School of Law is an online university\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln University\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13111766\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Abraham Lincoln Marovitz (August 10, 1905 – March 17, 2001) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Born on August 10, 1905, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, to Orthodox Jewish parents who were Lithuanian immigrants, Marovitz grew up in the Maxwell Street area of Chicago, Illinois, after his parents moved to Chicago in 1910. Marovitz spent his youth selling newspapers, delivering groceries and prizefighting. As a teenager, he also worked as an office boy for a law firm, where a partner encouraged him to attend law school (and\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Marovitz\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13111761\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Abraham Lincoln Marovitz (August 10, 1905 – March 17, 2001) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Born on August 10, 1905, in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, to Orthodox Jewish parents who were Lithuanian immigrants, Marovitz grew up in the Maxwell Street area of Chicago, Illinois, after his parents moved to Chicago in 1910. Marovitz spent his youth selling newspapers, delivering groceries and prizefighting. As a teenager, he also worked as an office boy for a law firm, where a partner encouraged him to attend law school (and\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Marovitz\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3864982\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1930 film) Abraham Lincoln, also released under the title D. W. Griffith's \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\", is a 1930 Pre-Code American biographical film about Abraham Lincoln directed by D. W. Griffith. It stars Walter Huston as Lincoln and Una Merkel, in her second speaking role, as Ann Rutledge. Her first speaking role was in a short film, \\\"Love's Old Sweet Song\\\" (1923) filmed in the Phonofilm sound-on-film process. The script was co-written by Stephen Vincent Benét, author of the Civil War prose poem \\\"John Brown's Body,\\\" and Gerrit Lloyd. This was the first of only two sound films made by\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1930 film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16388117\",\n \"text\": \"to prevent another outbreak) at Booth's hands. Casting took place in January 2012. Using mostly local talent, filming began on January 28 in Savannah, Georgia. Originally the script was set to shoot at a fort in Tennessee, but Savannah and Fort Pulaski were subsequently chosen for location shooting of scenes where Lincoln confronts zombies who had overrun a Confederate stronghold. The choice of Bill Oberst Jr. in the lead role of Abraham Lincoln in \\\"Abraham Lincoln vs. Zombies\\\" has been praised, with criticisms otherwise aimed at the film's plot, supporting cast members, character development, and historical inaccuracies. Jason Adams of\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln vs. Zombies\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15211981\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation is the successor organization of the U.S. Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission (ALBC), which was created by Congress and the President of the United States to plan the commemoration of Abraham Lincoln’s 200th birthday in 2009. The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission sunset on April 30, 2010 The foundation is committed to initiating and supporting innovative and historically meaningful national, state, and local programs that commemorate the memory and sustain the ideals and historic impact of America’s sixteenth president, particularly during the current, five-year observances of the American Civil War sesquicentennial. Building on\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13500873\",\n \"text\": \"leadership of Association President Logan Hay, Paul M. Angle became the Association's first executive secretary. Paul Angle, Benjamin Thomas, Harry Pratt established the association's programs of research and publication. Its semi-annual \\\"Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association\\\" is the only journal devoted exclusively to the history and legacies of Abraham Lincoln. The association also publishes a quarterly newsletter, \\\"For the People\\\". Historian David Herbert Donald said \\\"The Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association is the most important periodical in the field of Lincoln studies. As a Lincoln biographer, I rely on it heavily for both ideas and information.\\\" The eight-volume\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11074620\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission (ALBC) was the Congressionally created 14-member federal commission focused on planning and commemorating the 200th birthday of the United States' 16th president on February 12, 2009. The commission served for ten years, from 2000 to 2010. Its official successor organization, announced in 2011 with an expanded board and broadened mission, is The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation. The ALBC was established by the passage of the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission Act in 2000 (Public Law No: 106-173). The commission's 14 members were a diverse group of political leaders, jurists, scholars and collectors,\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9001335\",\n \"text\": \"is a bust of Abraham Lincoln in the Museum of the Revolution, a small statue of him in front of the Abraham Lincoln School, and a bust of him near the Capitolio. In Quito, Ecuador, a statue of Lincoln can be found in the Plaza Abraham Lincoln. Avenida Abraham Lincoln, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic is one of the capital city's most important and trafficked streets. Walt Whitman was especially fascinated by Lincoln during the Civil War and wrote several famous poems about him. Lincoln was fond of Whitman's poetry even before the war. by David S. Reynolds Over 1000\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8220594\",\n \"text\": \"1990s. Some instances can be seen where silver replaces grey. The school's mascot is a Lancer, which is a jousting knight holding a pole arm/lance. Abraham Lincoln High School's traditional rival high school is John F. Kennedy High School, although rivalries have also existed with (Denver) West High School and (Denver) North High School. Both Abraham Lincoln High School and John F. Kennedy High School have nearly exact original architecture. ALHS currently has 1,400 students, four administrators, and 100 teachers. The principal is Irving. Abraham Lincoln High School is located in the Harvey Park neighborhood on the southwest side of\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln High School (Denver)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9599827\",\n \"text\": \"sensibilities to race and culture. The 2015 reprint was featured in \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" on December 1, 2015. Abraham Lincoln (Parin d'Aulaire book) Abraham Lincoln is a book by Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire about Abraham Lincoln. Originally published by Doubleday, it was the recipient of the Caldecott Medal for illustration in 1940. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" story is based on the life of the 16th President of the United States, focusing on his early years and the road he took to manhood. Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire often explored the environment of their historical subjects and, for \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\", they spent time\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Parin d'Aulaire book)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5650938\",\n \"text\": \"staff during certain days in summer months. Both sites have hiking and picnic areas. Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park preserves two separate farm sites in LaRue County, Kentucky where Abraham Lincoln was born and lived early in his childhood. He was born at the Sinking Spring site south of Hodgenville and remained there until the family moved to the Knob Creek Farm northeast of Hodgenville when he was 2 years old, living there until he was 7 years old. The Sinking Spring site is the location of the park visitors center. In the\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16989913\",\n \"text\": \"states. In 1971, Presidents Day became a national holiday, combining Lincoln's and Washington's birthdays and replacing most states' celebration of his birthday. The Abraham Lincoln Association was formed in 1908 to commemorate the centennial of Lincoln's birth. In 2000, Congress established the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission to commemorate his 200th birthday in February 2009. Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, U.S. president 1861–65, has been memorialized in many town, city, and county names, Along with George Washington, he is an iconic image of American democracy and nationalism. Barry Schwartz, a sociologist who has examined America's cultural memory, states that in\",\n \"title\": \"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2431881\",\n \"text\": \"USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602) USS \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" (SSBN-602), a fleet ballistic missile submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), the 16th President of the United States (1861–1865). Her keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard of Kittery, Maine, on 1 November 1958. She was launched on 14 May 1960 sponsored by Mrs. Mary L. Beckwith (great-granddaughter of President Abraham Lincoln), and commissioned on 8 March 1961 with Commander Leonard Erb commanding the Blue Crew and Commander Donald M. Miller commanding the Gold Crew. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" got underway on\",\n \"title\": \"USS Abraham Lincoln (SSBN-602)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15883483\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Rogers) Abraham Lincoln is a bronze statue by Randolph Rogers. It is located in Fairmount Park, Kelly Drive at Sedgely Drive, Philadelphia. In 1866, $22,000 was raised for a statue, and Randolph Rogers was commissioned. The work was dedicated on September 22, 1871. In 2001, the monument was relocated from a traffic island to the east side of Kelly Drive. The inscription on the pedestal reads:<br> (On plaque, front:)<br> TO<br> ABRAHAM LINCOLN<br> FROM A GRATEFUL PEOPLE<br> (On plaque, left side:)<br> I DO ORDER AND DECLARE<br> THAT ALL PERSONS HELD<br> AS SLAVES WITHIN THE STATES<br> IN REBELLION ARE AND\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Rogers)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6249975\",\n \"text\": \"family.\\\" Like Abraham Lincoln, his uncle's family was also subject to depression, called \\\"the Lincoln horrors.\\\" Aside from sharing the tendency to melancholy, Mordecai and his sons also appeared to share a sense of humor as well as a physical resemblance with Abraham Lincoln. Mordecai Lincoln Mordecai Lincoln (1771 – 1830) was the uncle of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. He was the son of Captain Abraham Lincoln, brother of Thomas Lincoln and Mary Lincoln Crume and husband of Mary Mudd. He is buried at the Old Catholic or Lincoln Cemetery near Fountain Green, Illinois. Mordecai's Springfield, Kentucky home, is the\",\n \"title\": \"Mordecai Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4329949\",\n \"text\": \"Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln The sexuality of Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), the 16th President of the United States, has been a topic of debate among some scholars. Lincoln was married to Mary Todd from November 4, 1842, until his death on April 15, 1865, and fathered four children with her. Psychologist C. A. Tripp's book, \\\"The Intimate World of Abraham Lincoln\\\" (2005,) described Lincoln as having a detached relationship with women, in contrast to a close male friend with whom he allegedly shared a bed (this was not an unusual practice at the time). Dale Carnegie, better known for books on\",\n \"title\": \"Sexuality of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15216838\",\n \"text\": \"Design, the National Sculpture Society, and the New York Architectural League. Cecere's work reflected his interest in the beauty and simplicity of early Greek art. In addition to the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\", he designed the U.S. Army's Soldier Medal for Valor for the United States Mint, as well as the Art in Trade Club Medal for the School of Art League of New York, the John F. Stevens Monument in Montana, and the Columbia Broadcasting Guest Award Medal. Abraham Lincoln (Cecere) Abraham Lincoln is a public artwork by American artist Gaetano Cecere located on Lincoln Memorial Drive in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Cecere)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9599825\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Parin d'Aulaire book) Abraham Lincoln is a book by Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire about Abraham Lincoln. Originally published by Doubleday, it was the recipient of the Caldecott Medal for illustration in 1940. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" story is based on the life of the 16th President of the United States, focusing on his early years and the road he took to manhood. Ingri and Edgar Parin d'Aulaire often explored the environment of their historical subjects and, for \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\", they spent time camping and sketching in Kentucky and Illinois to capture the feel of Lincoln's roots. The original celebrated\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Parin d'Aulaire book)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11504546\",\n \"text\": \"House\\\" to the Chicago-St. Louis corridor in 1977; in 1978 it dropped the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" name altogether. Today service between Chicago and St. Louis is handled by the \\\"\\\"Lincoln Service\\\"\\\". American Car and Foundry (ACF) constructed two lightweight trainsets for the B&O, one for the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" and one for the \\\"Royal Blue\\\", which ran between New York City and Washington, D. C.. Each trainset consisted of eight cars: a baggage/mail car, three coaches, a lunch counter/diner, two parlor cars, and a parlor-observation car. The B&O rebuilt both baggage/mail cars in 1936: the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\"s became a baggage/buffet car with\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (train)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13838884\",\n \"text\": \"edition of documents written by and to Abraham Lincoln\\\". The Papers of Abraham Lincoln completed Series I of their project \\\"The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln\\\" in 2000. They electronically launched \\\"The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln, Second Edition\\\" in 2009, and published a selective print edition of this series. Attempts are still being made to transcribe documents for Series II (non-legal, pre-presidential materials) and Series III (presidential materials). There have been 16,000 books published on Lincoln—125 on the assassination alone—more than any other American. This listing is therefore highly selective and is based on the reviews in the scholarly\",\n \"title\": \"Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18169892\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln: A History Abraham Lincoln: A History is an 1890 ten-volume account of the life and times of Abraham Lincoln, written by John Nicolay and John Hay, who were his personal secretaries during the American Civil War. Early in his presidency, Hay and Nicolay requested and received permission from Lincoln to write his biography. In the first years after Lincoln's death, Hay and Nicolay were not encouraged to publish such a work—Representative Isaac Newton Arnold, a Lincoln supporter, had quickly published a substantial Lincoln biography, and publishers were not eager for another. Further, the permission of Robert Lincoln, who\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln: A History\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14721152\",\n \"text\": \"ft (6.1 m) granite stele, on which is inscribed the text of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. French later used much of his research for this statue – consisting largely of studying Mathew Brady's photographs of Lincoln and obtaining a copy of Leonard Volk's plaster life cast of the president – in the creation of his most famous work: the \\\"Seated Lincoln\\\" statue (1920) at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Abraham Lincoln (1912 statue) Abraham Lincoln – also known as The Gettysburg Lincoln – is a bronze statue of President Abraham Lincoln by Daniel Chester French, located on the grounds of\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1912 statue)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7167147\",\n \"text\": \"Lincoln learned a trade, in his case weaving, to practice alongside the subsistence farming necessary on the colonial frontier. The Lincoln home farm on Hiester's Creek, in what is now Exeter Township, Berks County, was left to John's half-brothers, the children of his father's second marriage. In 1743, John Lincoln married Rebecca Morris (1720–1806), daughter of Enoch Flowers of Caernarvon Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Rebecca was the widow of James Morris and the mother of a young son, Jonathan Morris. Abraham Lincoln was born 13 May 1744 in what is now Berks County, Pennsylvania. Abraham was the first child born\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (captain)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13415373\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue) Abraham Lincoln (1920) is a colossal seated figure of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) sculpted by Daniel Chester French (1850–1931) and carved by the Piccirilli Brothers. It is situated in the Lincoln Memorial (constructed 1914–22), on the National Mall, Washington, D.C., USA, and was unveiled in 1922. Stylistically, the work follows in the Beaux Arts and American Renaissance traditions. The 170-ton statue is composed of 28 blocks of white Georgia marble (Georgia Marble Company) and rises from the floor, including the seated figure (with armchair and footrest) upon an high pedestal. The figure of Lincoln gazes\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11317830\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Filene Abraham Lincoln Filene (April 5, 1865 – August 27, 1957) was an American businessman and philanthropist. Born to a Jewish family in Boston, Massachusetts, he was one of 5 children of William Filene and Clara Ballin. His parents were German Jewish immigrants - his father from Posen, Prussia and mother was born in Segnitz, Bavaria - who immigrated to the United States in 1848. His father founded Filene's department stores. Known by his middle name, Lincoln, together with his older brother Edward, built his father's store into a highly successful business. A social reformer, Lincoln Filene supported\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Filene\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15797960\",\n \"text\": \"collection of Lincoln documents, thousands of other items are located in public and private repositories around the world. Previous attempts to locate and publish Lincoln documents include Nicolay and Hay's 1905 \\\"Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln\\\", consisting of 12 volumes; Gilbert A. Tracy and Francis H. Allen’s 1917 \\\"Uncollected Letters of Abraham Lincoln;\\\" Rufus Rockwell Wilson’s 1947 \\\"Uncollected Works of Abraham Lincoln: His Letters, Addresses and Other Papers;\\\" and Paul Angle's 1930 \\\"New Letters and Papers of Lincoln\\\". In the 1930s, the Abraham Lincoln Association began collecting photostats of Lincoln documents and by 1945 began drafting plans that eventually culminated\",\n \"title\": \"The Papers of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11034158\",\n \"text\": \"Poetry of Abraham Lincoln The poetry of Abraham Lincoln has been an interesting source into the psyche of this President. In addition to two complete, narrative poems, Abraham Lincoln wrote several small verses throughout his life and possibly a poem in the form of a suicide note. In 1846, Lincoln completed the composition of one of his most serious poems, which dealt with his emotions upon visiting his childhood home. It is divided into two cantos. The first section was mailed to Lincoln's friend and fellow politician, Andrew Johnston, on April 18, 1846. The second was mailed on September 6,\",\n \"title\": \"Poetry of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11504548\",\n \"text\": \"to the trains' equipment. The new cars seated 68 and 31, respectively. Abraham Lincoln (train) The Abraham Lincoln was a named passenger train operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1935 into the 1960s. The \\\"\\\"Abe Lincoln\\\"\\\" ran between Chicago and St. Louis on the B&O's subsidiary Alton Railroad. The train later passed to the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and then finally to Amtrak, which retained the name until 1978. Service between Chicago and St. Louis is now known by the umbrella term \\\"\\\"Lincoln Service\\\"\\\". This train was the first streamlined passenger service to travel the 284 miles\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (train)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11504543\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (train) The Abraham Lincoln was a named passenger train operated by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1935 into the 1960s. The \\\"\\\"Abe Lincoln\\\"\\\" ran between Chicago and St. Louis on the B&O's subsidiary Alton Railroad. The train later passed to the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and then finally to Amtrak, which retained the name until 1978. Service between Chicago and St. Louis is now known by the umbrella term \\\"\\\"Lincoln Service\\\"\\\". This train was the first streamlined passenger service to travel the 284 miles between Chicago and St. Louis, with Joliet, Bloomington-Normal, Springfield and Alton in\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (train)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13537296\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Morse books) Abraham Lincoln is a 2-volume biography of Abraham Lincoln written by John Torrey Morse (1840-1937). Originally published in 1893, \\\"The New York Times\\\" found it to be \\\"for its scope, admirable. It will even stand up and appear respectable in the most distinguished company of Lincoln biographies that might be assembled.\\\" The author is \\\"a sane biographer, who brings to the task of writing about Lincoln a mind that aspires to \\\"see\\\" clear and think straight, instead of one held slavishly subject to a heart's desire to make Lincoln out a hero without fault or blemish.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (Morse books)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16249707\",\n \"text\": \"a Phonofilm, \\\"Memories of Lincoln\\\", with 91-year-old Chauncey Depew giving his recollections of meeting Lincoln in person. Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short) Abraham Lincoln (1924) is a short film made in the Phonofilm sound-on-film process . The film was directed by J. Searle Dawley, produced by Lee DeForest, is based on the 1918 play \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" by John Drinkwater, and stars Frank McGlynn Sr. as Lincoln. McGlynn also played Lincoln in the play on Broadway. Although no copies of the film appear to have survived, some photographs have been preserved. In 1923, DeForest and Dawley produced a short Phonofilm, \\\"Lincoln,\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18388567\",\n \"text\": \"biography nor sermon.\\\" With the recent launch of \\\"I Am Rosa Parks\\\", all three books in the \\\"Ordinary People Change the World\\\" series appeared simultaneously on the \\\"New York Times\\\" Bestseller List: \\\"I Am Rosa Parks\\\" at #2; \\\"I Am Abraham Lincoln\\\" at #6; and \\\"I Am Amelia Earhart\\\" at #8. Meltzer was featured on many morning news shows to discuss the books, including \\\"CBS This Morning\\\". I Am Abraham Lincoln I Am Abraham Lincoln is the first children's book written by Brad Meltzer in the \\\"Ordinary People Change the World\\\" series. It follows the adventures of a young Abraham\",\n \"title\": \"I Am Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1621352\",\n \"text\": \"carried out at Newport News Shipyard. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\"s contract was awarded to Newport News Shipbuilding on 27 December 1982; her keel was laid 3 November 1984 at Newport News, Virginia. The ship was launched on 13 February 1988 and commissioned on 11 November 1989. She cost $4.726 billion in 2010 dollars. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was transferred to the Pacific in September 1990 performing Gringo-Gaucho with the Argentine Naval Aviation during its transit. From 4 October, \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" formed CTG 24.8 in company with ; 6 October transit with and \\\"Doyle\\\" in company. On 5 November 1990, as \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was anchored\",\n \"title\": \"USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16989901\",\n \"text\": \"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, U.S. president 1861–65, has been memorialized in many town, city, and county names, Along with George Washington, he is an iconic image of American democracy and nationalism. Barry Schwartz, a sociologist who has examined America's cultural memory, states that in the 1930s and 1940s, the memory of Abraham Lincoln was practically sacred and provided the nation with \\\"a moral symbol inspiring and guiding American life.\\\" During the Great Depression, he says, Lincoln served \\\"as a means for seeing the world's disappointments, for making its sufferings not so much explicable as meaningful.\\\" Franklin D. Roosevelt,\",\n \"title\": \"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13415381\",\n \"text\": \"the sculptor was familiar with sign language. Historian James A. Percoco has observed that, although there are no extant documents showing that French carved Lincoln's hands to represent the letters \\\"A\\\" and \\\"L\\\" in American Sign Language, \\\"I think you can conclude that it's reasonable to have that kind of summation about the hands.\\\" Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue) Abraham Lincoln (1920) is a colossal seated figure of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) sculpted by Daniel Chester French (1850–1931) and carved by the Piccirilli Brothers. It is situated in the Lincoln Memorial (constructed 1914–22), on the National Mall, Washington, D.C., USA,\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1920 statue)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11317832\",\n \"text\": \"of Boston. Lincoln Filene married Thérèse Weill. A family involved in the arts, they were part of the group who founded the Boston Symphony Orchestra. They had two daughters, Helen Filene Ladd and Catherine Filene Shouse. Catherine received numerous domestic and international honors for her contribution to the arts and who donated the land and provided funding for Virginia's Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts. Lincoln Filene died in 1957 in Marstons Mills, Massachusetts. Abraham Lincoln Filene Abraham Lincoln Filene (April 5, 1865 – August 27, 1957) was an American businessman and philanthropist. Born to a Jewish family\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Filene\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15797969\",\n \"text\": \"Iron Mountain Inc., also support the project. The National Endowment for the Humanities designated the Papers of Abraham Lincoln as a \\\"We the People\\\" project in 2004. This designation recognizes projects that enhance the study and understanding of American history. The National Historical Publications and Records Commission, the granting agency of the National Archives, endorsed the Papers of Abraham Lincoln in May 2008. The project also received an endorsement from the Illinois Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission. The Papers of Abraham Lincoln The Papers of Abraham Lincoln is a documentary editing project dedicated to identifying, imaging, transcribing, annotating, and publishing online\",\n \"title\": \"The Papers of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7167149\",\n \"text\": \"influenced Abraham's choice of occupation. In 1768 Abraham's father John Lincoln purchased land in the Shenandoah Valley in the colony of Virginia. He settled his family on a tract on Linville Creek in Augusta County (now Rockingham County). In 1773, John and Rebecca Lincoln divided their tract with their two eldest sons, Abraham and Isaac. Abraham built a house on his land, across Linville Creek from his parents' home. Capt Abraham Lincoln married Bathsheba Herring (c. 1742 – 1836), a daughter of Alexander Herring (c. 1708–1778) and his wife Abigail Harrison (c. 1710 – c. 1780) of Linville Creek. The\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (captain)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11504545\",\n \"text\": \"May 1, 1971, Amtrak retained the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" as a daily Chicago-St. Louis service, operating in tandem with the GM&O's old \\\"Limited\\\". In November of that year Amtrak extended both the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" and the \\\"Limited\\\" (now known as the \\\"Prairie State\\\") through Chicago to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In October 1973 replaced the rolling stock with the new Turboliner; as part of this change the trains were re-branded as \\\"Turboliners\\\" the schedules truncated to Chicago. In February 1976 Amtrak returned conventional rolling stock to the route and revived the \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" name along with the \\\"Ann Rutledge\\\". Amtrak added the \\\"State\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (train)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16989906\",\n \"text\": \"image appear in numerous other places, such as the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. and Lincoln's sculpture on Mount Rushmore, Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in Lincoln City, Indiana, Lincoln's New Salem, Illinois, and Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield, Illinois commemorate the president. The Lincoln Memorial at Louisville Waterfront Park features a double-life-size sculpture of a seated, hatless Lincoln surrounded by narrative bas relief sculptures by Edward Hamilton which depict the history of slavery as witnessed by Lincoln in the slave markets of Kentucky. Ford's Theatre and Petersen House (where\",\n \"title\": \"Memorials to Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6249967\",\n \"text\": \"Mordecai Lincoln Mordecai Lincoln (1771 – 1830) was the uncle of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. He was the son of Captain Abraham Lincoln, brother of Thomas Lincoln and Mary Lincoln Crume and husband of Mary Mudd. He is buried at the Old Catholic or Lincoln Cemetery near Fountain Green, Illinois. Mordecai's Springfield, Kentucky home, is the only home built by a member of the Lincoln family that still stands in its original location. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Mordecai was the first child born to Abraham Lincoln (1744–1786) and Bathsheba Herring (c.1742–1836), having been born\",\n \"title\": \"Mordecai Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14337186\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area The Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area is a National Heritage Area in central Illinois telling the story of Abraham Lincoln. A National Heritage Area is a federal-designated area intended to encourage historic preservation and an appreciation of the history and heritage of the site. While National Heritage Areas are not federally owned or managed, the National Park Service provides an advisory role and some technical, planning and financial assistance. The Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area was created as part of the Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008 (S. 2739), an omnibus bill. It was originally\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1621357\",\n \"text\": \"later. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\"s third deployment began in April 1995 when she was sent to the Persian Gulf and took part in Southern Watch and in Operation Vigilant Sentinel. During an underway replenishment, \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was run into by when the latter had steering difficulties due to a split rudder, impacting \\\"Sacramento\\\"s port side, crushing the M-frames, partially crushing a female crew berthing area, and punching a large hole in \\\"Sacramento\\\"s superstructure (TACAN room). \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" was able to continue on with her mission while \\\"Sacramento\\\" had to dock at Jebel Ali, UAE for several weeks for repair. \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" began\",\n \"title\": \"USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8441170\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Keister Abraham Lincoln Keister (September 10, 1852 – May 26, 1917) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Abraham L. Keister was born in Upper Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Otterbein College in Westerville, Ohio, in 1874. He studied law, was admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Ohio in 1878 and commenced practice in Columbus, Ohio. He moved to Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in 1882, and engaged in the manufacture of coke. He organized the First National Bank of Scottdale, Pennsylvania, in 1889 and served continuously as its president for\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Keister\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9001337\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"the writer of this\\\". The first motion picture based on Lincoln was 1908 film \\\"\\\". Directed by Van Dyke Brooke, the film shows Lincoln pardoning a sentry who fell asleep on duty, a theme that would be depicted repeatedly in other silent era shorts. This era is also when the first Abraham Lincoln impersonators originated, and the modern idea of what he sounded like is derived from these. Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln Since his death in 1865, Abraham Lincoln has been an iconic American figure depicted—usually favorably or heroically—in many forms. Lincoln has often been portrayed by Hollywood, almost\",\n \"title\": \"Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20328039\",\n \"text\": \"poured over the statue. Abraham Lincoln Monument (Ypsilanti, Michigan) The Abraham Lincoln Memorial is a limestone statue of Abraham Lincoln by Samuel Cashwan located in front of the Lincoln Middle School in the Lincoln Consolidated School District, about south of Ypsilanti, Michigan. The figure of Lincoln, larger than life-size ( tall) is bracketed by two smaller groups one leaning on a fasces and the other depicting a figure with broken chains. The original idea for the statue arose out of a visit by Cashwan, who was employed by the Federal Art Project in Michigan, in the course of a visit\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Monument (Ypsilanti, Michigan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20328037\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln Monument (Ypsilanti, Michigan) The Abraham Lincoln Memorial is a limestone statue of Abraham Lincoln by Samuel Cashwan located in front of the Lincoln Middle School in the Lincoln Consolidated School District, about south of Ypsilanti, Michigan. The figure of Lincoln, larger than life-size ( tall) is bracketed by two smaller groups one leaning on a fasces and the other depicting a figure with broken chains. The original idea for the statue arose out of a visit by Cashwan, who was employed by the Federal Art Project in Michigan, in the course of a visit to inspect several WPA\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Monument (Ypsilanti, Michigan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16249706\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short) Abraham Lincoln (1924) is a short film made in the Phonofilm sound-on-film process . The film was directed by J. Searle Dawley, produced by Lee DeForest, is based on the 1918 play \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" by John Drinkwater, and stars Frank McGlynn Sr. as Lincoln. McGlynn also played Lincoln in the play on Broadway. Although no copies of the film appear to have survived, some photographs have been preserved. In 1923, DeForest and Dawley produced a short Phonofilm, \\\"Lincoln, Man of the People\\\", with Edwin Markham reading his poem of that title. In 1925, DeForest produced\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln (1924 film short)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12938946\",\n \"text\": \"First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln The first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th President of the United States was held on Monday, March 4, 1861, on the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration marked the commencement of the first term of Abraham Lincoln as President and the only term of Hannibal Hamlin as Vice President. The presidential oath of office was administered to Lincoln by Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the United States. This was the first time Lincoln appeared in public with a beard, which he had begun growing after being\",\n \"title\": \"First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6259408\",\n \"text\": \"Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery The Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery covers in Elwood, Illinois. It is located approximately southwest of Chicago, Illinois. When fully completed, it will provide 400,000 burial spaces. The cemetery was dedicated in 1999 by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs National Cemetery Administration. It was the 117th national cemetery dedicated under the administration. The cemetery is on the grounds of the former Joliet Army Ammunition Plant site, which was formerly known as the Joliet Arsenal. The cemetery is named after President Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States and founder of the National Cemetery\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10125103\",\n \"text\": \"argues that Lincoln's republicanism was taken up by the Freedmen as they were emancipated. Presidency of Abraham Lincoln The presidency of Abraham Lincoln began on March 4, 1861, when he was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States, and ended upon his assassination and death on April 15, 1865, days into his second term. Lincoln was the first member of the recently-established Republican Party elected to the presidency. He was succeeded by Vice President Andrew Johnson. Lincoln presided over the Union victory in the American Civil War, which dominated his presidency. Lincoln took office following the 1860 presidential\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1621386\",\n \"text\": \"deployed with the and to provide aid to Florida following the Hurricane Irma disaster. The vessels joined the already on station. On 2 August 2018, it was announced that \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" will return to San Diego as part of a home port shift for three carriers, thus returning her to the Pacific Fleet. At the end of August 2018, VFA-125 began operating from \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" as an integrated part of CVW-7, the first time that the F-35C had operated integrated cyclic operations, simulating the full spectrum of planned operations. USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72) USS \\\"Abraham Lincoln\\\" (CVN-72) is the fifth\",\n \"title\": \"USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN-72)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15277\",\n \"text\": \"election. Anticipating the war's conclusion, Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. A few days after victory was complete he was assassinated, and ever since Lincoln has been remembered as the martyr hero of the reunited nation. Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, as the second child of Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in a one-room log cabin on the Sinking\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15797958\",\n \"text\": \"The Papers of Abraham Lincoln The Papers of Abraham Lincoln is a documentary editing project dedicated to identifying, imaging, transcribing, annotating, and publishing online all documents written by or to Abraham Lincoln during his lifetime (1809-1865). Abraham Lincoln is one of America's most famous politicians and is consistently ranked as one of the greatest presidents ever to occupy the White House. Any scholarly study of his life is reliant on his written words to understand his thoughts, motives, and actions. After his father's death, Robert Todd Lincoln gathered a large collection of papers and entrusted their organization to David Davis,\",\n \"title\": \"The Papers of Abraham Lincoln\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18077249\",\n \"text\": \"cut the electric and telephone wires for each block as they went through.\\\" The Wyoming Parks Commission dedicated the \\\"Lincoln Monument\\\" in 1959 to commemorate Lincoln’s 150th birthday. Originally the bust was located at the highest point on the Lincoln highway from New York to San Francisco. “The grandeur of the landscape recalls the nobility of his soul,” Russin wrote referencing President Abraham Lincoln. The bust was transferred to its present beside of interstate 80, after that highway was finished in 1969. An estimated 200,000 travelers view the monumental sculpture annually. Abraham Lincoln Memorial Monument The Lincoln Monument is a\",\n \"title\": \"Abraham Lincoln Memorial Monument\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10124974\",\n \"text\": \"Presidency of Abraham Lincoln The presidency of Abraham Lincoln began on March 4, 1861, when he was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States, and ended upon his assassination and death on April 15, 1865, days into his second term. Lincoln was the first member of the recently-established Republican Party elected to the presidency. He was succeeded by Vice President Andrew Johnson. Lincoln presided over the Union victory in the American Civil War, which dominated his presidency. Lincoln took office following the 1860 presidential election, in which he won a plurality of the popular vote in a four-candidate\",\n \"title\": \"Presidency of Abraham Lincoln\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["oak ridge cemetery"],"string":"[\n \"oak ridge cemetery\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":896,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the grandson of king david's father?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"18868171","text":"Prince David of Imereti David (, \"Davit′\"; 1781 – 1 September 1820) was a Georgian royal prince (\"batonishvili\") of the Bagrationi dynasty of Imereti. He was killed in a rebellion against the Russian rule in Imereti. He was the ancestor of the now-extinct line of Princes and Serene Princes Bagration. Prince David was a son of Prince Bagrat of Imereti by his wife Mariam, née Eristavi of Guria. He was, thus, a grandson of King Alexander V of Imereti, a nephew of King Solomon I, and a cousin of King Solomon II. By the time of the Russian conquest of","title":"Prince David of Imereti"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18868171\",\n \"text\": \"Prince David of Imereti David (, \\\"Davit′\\\"; 1781 – 1 September 1820) was a Georgian royal prince (\\\"batonishvili\\\") of the Bagrationi dynasty of Imereti. He was killed in a rebellion against the Russian rule in Imereti. He was the ancestor of the now-extinct line of Princes and Serene Princes Bagration. Prince David was a son of Prince Bagrat of Imereti by his wife Mariam, née Eristavi of Guria. He was, thus, a grandson of King Alexander V of Imereti, a nephew of King Solomon I, and a cousin of King Solomon II. By the time of the Russian conquest of\",\n \"title\": \"Prince David of Imereti\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"12349459","text":"University and is today its sorority house. After Almena's death, Rev. Gotwald wrote a loving biography of David and Almena in which he penned this moving tribute to his late father in law. Of all the descendants of the first David King, his creative and industrious grandson, David Ward King undoubtedly did the most to live up to the spirit and the letter of Rev. Gotwald's heartfelt counsel. David Ward King was born on October 27, 1857 in Springfield, Ohio. His father was real estate developer, investor and Springfield Fire Chief, Robert Quigley King. His mother was Harriet Danforth King.","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"3362631","text":"King, Jr., and Elliott West King. David King died on May 5, 2009, and was buried in Parklawn Memorial Cemetery. King was a direct descendant of Edmund Rice, an English immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony, as follows: David S. King David Sjodahl King (June 20, 1917 – May 5, 2009) was a representative from Utah. He was a member of the Democratic Party. King was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1917. He graduated from the University of Utah in 1937. From 1937 to 1939, he served as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints","title":"David S. King"},{"psg_id":"12349444","text":"from a very prominent and wealthy family of that city. David Ward King was the grandson of his namesake, Springfield merchant and real estate developer David King. His paternal grandfather, David King, was probably born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1796. His paternal grandmother, Almena Caldwell King, was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire on August 16, 1809. However, she moved with her parents when she was young to early Portsmouth, Ohio, which is in southernmost Ohio at the confluence of the Scioto River and the Ohio River, where her father established a successful carpentry business. Both of Ward's paternal grandparents had","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"3362627","text":"David S. King David Sjodahl King (June 20, 1917 – May 5, 2009) was a representative from Utah. He was a member of the Democratic Party. King was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1917. He graduated from the University of Utah in 1937. From 1937 to 1939, he served as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Great Britain. After his mission, King attended and graduated from Georgetown University Law School. After serving as a clerk for Justice Howard M. Stephens of the United States Court of Appeals for the District","title":"David S. King"},{"psg_id":"16778071","text":"The Boy Who Was a King The Boy Who Was a King is a 2011 Bulgarian documentary film about Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, directed by Andrey Paounov. The film received nominations and awards at various international film festivals. It was included in the official selections of Toronto International Film Festival, International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam and others. The film is the third part of direcotor Andrey Paounov's unofficial trilogy on the \"absurdity of the Bulgarian transition period\". The film tells the story of Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Bulgarian Tsar. He assumed the throne at the age of six, when his father Boris","title":"The Boy Who Was a King"},{"psg_id":"3362630","text":"From July 1986 to June 1989, he served as president of the church's Haiti Port-au-Prince Mission. King served from September 1990 to 1993 as the president of the Washington D.C. Temple in Kensington, Maryland. In November 1994, he was called to serve as a patriarch for the Washington D.C. Stake and the District of Columbia District. King was a resident of Kensington, Maryland where he lived with his wife of 61 years, Rosalie King. They were the parents of eight children. His father, William H. King, was a Senator from Utah. He was preceded in death by his sons David","title":"David S. King"},{"psg_id":"6630841","text":"David S. Dodge David Stuart Dodge (November 17, 1922 – January 20, 2009) was the Vice-President for Administration (1979–83), Acting President (1981–82) and President (1996–97) of the American University of Beirut (AUB). Dodge came from a prominent American family, closely involved with Lebanon for well over a century: [His] family has led AUB for generations. Born in Beirut in 1922, Mr. Dodge was the son of former AUB President Bayard Dodge, the grandson of former President Howard Bliss, and the great-grandson of Daniel Bliss, who founded AUB in 1866. He was also the grandson of Cleveland Hoadley Dodge, founder of","title":"David S. Dodge"},{"psg_id":"15486266","text":"Alexander (grandson of Herod the Great) Alexander, also known by his Roman name Gaius Julius Alexander (, 15 BC-probably between 26-28) was a Herodian Prince. Alexander was the second born son of Alexander and Glaphyra. His oldest brother was called Tigranes and had a younger unnamed sister. His father Alexander was a Judean Prince, of Jewish, Nabataean and Edomite descent and was a son of King of Judea, Herod the Great and his wife Mariamne. His mother Glaphyra was a Cappadocian Princess, who was of Greek, Armenian and Persian descent. She was the daughter of the King Archelaus of Cappadocia","title":"Alexander (grandson of Herod the Great)"},{"psg_id":"5935641","text":"David King Udall David King Udall, Sr. (September 7, 1851 – February 18, 1938) was a representative to the Arizona Territorial Legislature and the founder of the Udall political family. His great-grandson Tom currently represents the state of New Mexico in the United States Senate. David King Udall was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1851. His parents, David Udall and Eliza King, had immigrated to the United States from England earlier in the year. In 1852 they followed the Mormon Trail to Utah. They settled in Nephi. Udall spent his childhood farming. As a teenager, he spent a short","title":"David King Udall"},{"psg_id":"20406744","text":"The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special is a Halloween television special that aired on NBC on October 28, 2017. It stars Tom Hanks as \"Saturday Night Live\" character David S. Pumpkins. The 21-minute special was written by and also features Mikey Day, Bobby Moynihan, and Streeter Seidell. Peter Dinklage narrates the story, which follows a brother and sister who go trick-or-treating, meet Pumpkins and catch the troublemakers who had disrupted Halloween. \"The Halloween Special\" starts and ends with live-action segments directed by Don Roy King featuring David S. Pumpkins (Hanks), flanked by two skeletons","title":"The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special"},{"psg_id":"15486271","text":"daughter-in-law Antonia Minor were mentioned in Alexander’s will. Alexander (grandson of Herod the Great) Alexander, also known by his Roman name Gaius Julius Alexander (, 15 BC-probably between 26-28) was a Herodian Prince. Alexander was the second born son of Alexander and Glaphyra. His oldest brother was called Tigranes and had a younger unnamed sister. His father Alexander was a Judean Prince, of Jewish, Nabataean and Edomite descent and was a son of King of Judea, Herod the Great and his wife Mariamne. His mother Glaphyra was a Cappadocian Princess, who was of Greek, Armenian and Persian descent. She was","title":"Alexander (grandson of Herod the Great)"},{"psg_id":"12797439","text":"David King-Wood David King-Wood (12 September 1913 – 3 September 2003) was a British actor. He was born in Tehran, Iran (then Persia), the youngest of four children. His father was William King Wood (CIE, CBE), Director of the Indo-European Telegraph Department and his mother was Daisy Adcock, daughter of Sir Hugh Adcock (who was once the physician to the Shah of Persia). He studied at Oxford University and was a keen member of OUDS (Oxford University Dramatic Society) appearing in The Radio Times in April 1936 whilst appearing as Richard II. David King-Wood (he apparently added the hyphen) appeared","title":"David King-Wood"},{"psg_id":"5935647","text":"to 1934 he served as the president of the LDS Mesa Arizona Temple. He wrote an autobiography, \"Arizona Pioneer Mormon\", in collaboration with his daughter, by Ida, Pearl Udall Nelson. His wives, Ida and Eliza, preceded him in death in 1915 and 1937, respectively. He died in 1938 in St. Johns, Arizona. David King Udall David King Udall, Sr. (September 7, 1851 – February 18, 1938) was a representative to the Arizona Territorial Legislature and the founder of the Udall political family. His great-grandson Tom currently represents the state of New Mexico in the United States Senate. David King Udall","title":"David King Udall"},{"psg_id":"12349492","text":"24, 1892; and David Bryant King, who was born on September 9, 1897. Lettie Reed King went by her middle name of \"Reed\". She followed the King family tradition, which started with the original David King, of remaining a Presbyterian. In fact, she was a charter member of the Presbyterian Church of Maitland. After her father's death, she was the family member to whom all family members \"took their problems.\" She also was a frequent source of information about her famous father. Robert Quigley King II served in World War I. He became an osteopath, graduating from the Kirksville College","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"15628202","text":"David S. Bill III David S. Bill III is a retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. Bill is a native of Norfolk, Virginia. His father was a Captain in the Navy, his grandfather was U.S. Representative Winder R. Harris. Bill graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1966. He would serve aboard the USS John King (DDG-3) before being deployed to serve on River Boats in the Vietnam War, where he made 150 combat patrols in the Mekong Delta, was wounded in action, and received the Bronze Star for valor. Later, he was assigned to the USS","title":"David S. Bill III"},{"psg_id":"15628207","text":"Golf Association and currently sits on several privately held company boards. David S. Bill III David S. Bill III is a retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. Bill is a native of Norfolk, Virginia. His father was a Captain in the Navy, his grandfather was U.S. Representative Winder R. Harris. Bill graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1966. He would serve aboard the USS John King (DDG-3) before being deployed to serve on River Boats in the Vietnam War, where he made 150 combat patrols in the Mekong Delta, was wounded in action, and received the","title":"David S. Bill III"},{"psg_id":"19749250","text":"David Milinković Manuel David Milinković (, ; born 20 May 1994) is a French/Serbian football attacker, playing for EFL Championship club Hull City. Born in Antibes, France, Milinković has Serbian origins. His grandfather Mirko came to France from the outskirts of Sarajevo. Already in France, David´s father Igor was born, who worked at Partus corporation dedicated to casinos, hotels, thermal centers, restaurants, etc. Mirko´s grandson, Igor´s son, David, started playing football in the youth team of AS Cannes. During the winter-break of the 2011–12 season he moved to Serbia and joined the youth team of Red Star Belgrade. He then","title":"David Milinković"},{"psg_id":"4058740","text":"David S. Walker David Shelby Walker (May 2, 1815 – July 20, 1891) was the eighth Governor of Florida, serving from 1866 to 1868. Walker was born near Russelville in Logan County, Kentucky. He attended private schools in Kentucky and Tennessee and studied law. He moved to Florida in 1837, settling in Leon County. His father was David Walker, a prominent early Kentucky politician who served in the US House of Representatives. David S. Walker was a cousin and close business and political confidante of Florida territorial governor Richard K. Call. He was also related to Florida Senator Wilkinson Call,","title":"David S. Walker"},{"psg_id":"15897591","text":"Agathocles (grandson of Agathocles of Syracuse) Agathocles (; fl. 3rd century BC) was an Egyptian Greek nobleman related to the Ptolemaic dynasty on his mother's side. Agathocles was a second child born to Theoxena of Egypt; the names of his father and older sibling are unknown. He was named after his maternal grandfather, Agathocles of Syracuse, who had been tyrant and then king of Syracuse from 317 to 289 BC. His maternal grandmother was Theoxena of Syracuse, a Greek Macedonian noblewoman; she was the second older maternal, half-sister of the Greek Egyptian Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who reigned 283–246BC. Agathocles","title":"Agathocles (grandson of Agathocles of Syracuse)"},{"psg_id":"9764274","text":"David S. Sheridan David S. Sheridan (10 July 1908, Brooklyn – 29 April 2004, Argyle, New York) was the inventor of the \"disposable\" plastic endotracheal tube. David was the second of six sons of Adolf and Anna Sockolof, who immigrated to the United States from Russia. He changed his name from Sockolof to Sheridan in 1939. He attended school until 8th grade when he went to work with his father and brothers in the hardwood flooring business. David Sheridan was the inventor of the modern \"disposable\" plastic endotracheal tube now used routinely in surgery. Previous to his invention, red rubber","title":"David S. Sheridan"},{"psg_id":"15617229","text":"Alexander (grandson of Seleucus I Nicator) Alexander (; flourished 3rd century BC) was a Greek nobleman of Anatolia and served as a Seleucid official. Alexander was the first son born to Achaeus by an unnamed Greek mother. His father Achaeus was a wealthy nobleman who owned estates in Anatolia. His family had power in Anatolia with strong royal connections. Alexander had three siblings, two sisters, Antiochis and Laodice I, and a brother Andromachus. His father Achaeus was the second son of King Seleucus I Nicator and his first wife Apama I. According to surviving inscriptions, Alexander was already active and","title":"Alexander (grandson of Seleucus I Nicator)"},{"psg_id":"12349449","text":"1827, James Hamlin King, born July 3, 1829 and John Quigley King, born July 24, 1831 all died of smallpox within weeks of each other on August 27, August 28 and September 20, 1831. Almena had to deal with this catastrophe alone. Ward's father, Robert Quigley King, who was born on August 13, 1832 in Tarlton, was their first child to survive. Understandably, Almena insisted on going along with David on his supply trips after that, carrying with her the infant Robert Quigley King as a babe in arms. Their next child was Samuel Noble King, who was born in","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"18288622","text":"David S. Cordish David S. Cordish (born January 30, 1940) is an American real estate developer, son of Paul L. Cordish, and the third generation CEO and Chairman of The Cordish Companies. David S. Cordish was born to a Jewish family in Baltimore, the son of Sylvia Cohn Bloom and Paul L. Cordish. His father founded the Cordish Law Firm which served as and continues to serve as the legal arm of the Cordish Company which was founded by his grandfather, Louis Cordish in 1910. His father also was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1934 to represent","title":"David S. Cordish"},{"psg_id":"9983020","text":"Sir David Cunningham, 1st Baronet, of Robertland Sir David Cunningham, 1st Baronet of Robertland was the grandson of David Cunninghame of Robertland, Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland for King James VI of Scotland. He was, by King Charles I, created a Baronet of Nova Scotia on 25 November 1630, by Letters Patent to him and his heirs male whatsoever. A number of letters to him from his older cousin Sir David Cunningham, 1st Baronet of Auchinhervie survive in the National Archives of Scotland. Like his father, Sir James Cunningham of Robertland, Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King","title":"Sir David Cunningham, 1st Baronet, of Robertland"},{"psg_id":"10724269","text":"capital programs at his alma-mater, Hofstra University. The David S. Mack Sports and Exhibition Complex, the Sondra and David S. Mack Student Center and Mack Hall are named in his honor. Mack and his wife Sondra also make charitable donations through the David and Sondra Mack Foundation and are members of the Jewish Federation of Palm Beach County. David S. Mack David S. Mack (born 1941) is an American businessman. Mack was born to a Jewish family, the son of Ruth (nee Kaufman) and H. Bert Mack (1912 - 1992). His father founded the real estate development company, the Mack","title":"David S. Mack"},{"psg_id":"16778073","text":"term. The film presents not only the life of the former Tsar, but also intertwines within the story vignettes of various Bulgarians, who were supporting him, sending him gifts, or merely tattooing his face on their body. The story is told through personal footage and vast amounts of archive material. The film received praise for its editing and use of archives with Variety's Robert Koehler writing that \"Pic’s terrific use of archival footage includes an exiled Simeon interviewed in the early ’60s, disputing his playboy rep.\" and \"Editing is aces.\" The Boy Who Was a King The Boy Who Was","title":"The Boy Who Was a King"},{"psg_id":"9568697","text":"about one million US dollars. The King of Masks The King of Masks () is a 1996 Chinese film directed by Wu Tianming. In 1930's China, Wang is The King of Masks, an aged street performer who practices the change-mask opera art of bian lian. He laments that he has no male heirs to carry on his mysterious and complicated art and trade. At an illegal child market, Wang buys what he believes to be an orphan boy to become his adopted grandson and apprentice. However, Wang soon learns his new disciple is in fact a girl. As tradition dictates","title":"The King of Masks"},{"psg_id":"9568694","text":"The King of Masks The King of Masks () is a 1996 Chinese film directed by Wu Tianming. In 1930's China, Wang is The King of Masks, an aged street performer who practices the change-mask opera art of bian lian. He laments that he has no male heirs to carry on his mysterious and complicated art and trade. At an illegal child market, Wang buys what he believes to be an orphan boy to become his adopted grandson and apprentice. However, Wang soon learns his new disciple is in fact a girl. As tradition dictates that he cannot pass his","title":"The King of Masks"},{"psg_id":"12797442","text":"many happy hours in Central Park. More than one hundred and fifty of his friends contributed to the David King-Wood Tree Fund, and two European Linden trees have been endowed in his name. There is a paving stone by the Olmsted Flowerbed at Literary Walk, mid-park at Sixty-Seventh Street, as well as the two trees near the East Meadow. David King-Wood David King-Wood (12 September 1913 – 3 September 2003) was a British actor. He was born in Tehran, Iran (then Persia), the youngest of four children. His father was William King Wood (CIE, CBE), Director of the Indo-European Telegraph","title":"David King-Wood"},{"psg_id":"18299107","text":"the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, and Royal Scottish Geographical Society. He is also an Honorary Member of the British Society for Plant Pathology. He was awarded a Doctor of Science degree (ScD) by the University of Cambridge in 1986. David S. Ingram David Stanley Ingram, (Born 10 October 1941) is an Honorary Professor of Science, Technology and Innovation Studies at the University of Edinburgh Ingram served as Master of St. Catharine's College, Cambridge between 2000 and 2007. Ingram was born in Birmingham in 1941, the son of a toolmaker and grandson of a gamekeeper. From an early age he","title":"David S. Ingram"},{"psg_id":"18299103","text":"David S. Ingram David Stanley Ingram, (Born 10 October 1941) is an Honorary Professor of Science, Technology and Innovation Studies at the University of Edinburgh Ingram served as Master of St. Catharine's College, Cambridge between 2000 and 2007. Ingram was born in Birmingham in 1941, the son of a toolmaker and grandson of a gamekeeper. From an early age he had an interest in botany. After graduating from Yardley Grammar School, he apprenticed as a gardener, but soon decided to study botany at a university. He selected the University of Hull because it enabled him to read botany in combination","title":"David S. Ingram"},{"psg_id":"12349460","text":"As mentioned, Robert Quigley King, was born in Tarlton, Ohio, and was the first child of Almena and David King to survive. Robert Quigley King came to a largely undeveloped Springfield at age nine in 1840, with his sister, Mary Elizabeth, age three and his brother, David Jr. age one. He attended the early Springfield schools. He later recalled hunting for squirrels in a woods that later became the train station (now demolished) and what would be close to the location of the present Clark County Library. His father died when he was eighteen. Nonetheless, his mother was able to","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"5354104","text":"(his father ruled for over 50 years). However, there is a conspiracy theory: that Lü Buwei poisoned the king or at least hastened his death, to put the next king, King Zhuangxiang of Qin onto the throne. This is supported in a way by the fact that Zhuangxiang reigned for only 3 years. King Xiaowen of Qin King Xiaowen of Qin (303–251 BC) was a Chinese king, who had a very brief reign. He is also known as Lord Anguo (安國君). His grandson was Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Xiaowen was a son of the King Zhaoxiang of Qin and Queen","title":"King Xiaowen of Qin"},{"psg_id":"20246203","text":"the staged public readings of the play. Traub has a younger brother, photographer Charles H. Traub, and is the father of documentary filmmaker and photographer Daniel Traub. David S. Traub David S. Traub (September 6, 1941, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American architect, author and playwright based in Philadelphia. David S. Traub, a native of Louisville Kentucky, studied architecture and city planning at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and the University of Pennsylvania School of Design where he received a Masters of Architecture degree. At Penn in 1964, he studied in the Master's Class of the famous architect, Louis I.","title":"David S. Traub"},{"psg_id":"20529802","text":"\"Black Prince\") and Ekathotsarot (the White Prince ), be taken hostage and be raised in Pegu (the center of the Hanthawadi kingdom) under the watchful eyes of Bayinnaung, the Burmese king, who promises to care for Naresuan like one of his own. This creates a rift between Naresuan's father and his mother, Queen Wisutkasat, whose brother is the king of the neighbouring Ayutthaya kingdom, as Phitsanulok is now a Burmese vassal state. Ayutthaya falls soon after. Immediately after entering the Burmese palace, Naresuan sees the palace politics and rivalries between himself and Bayinnaung's grandson, Mingyi Swa. Naresuan is sent to","title":"The Legend of King Naresuan: The Series"},{"psg_id":"3362628","text":"of Columbia in 1943, King returned to Utah. In Utah, King served as counsel to the Utah Tax Commission from 1944 to 1946. He also was involved in private practice from 1945. From 1946 to 1958, he taught commercial law at Intermountain Business College. From 1948 to 1958, King was the second assistant to Elbert R. Curtis, who was the ninth General Superintendent of the church's Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association. King was elected as a Democrat to the 86th and 87th United States Congresses between January 3, 1959 and January 3, 1963. He was not a candidate for renomination","title":"David S. King"},{"psg_id":"4726303","text":"from his grandfather, Admiral David Dixon Porter. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and his brother, CIA Director Allen Dulles were eligible for membership in MOLLUS by right of their descent from their maternal grandfather Colonel John W. Foster, who served as Secretary of State in the administration of President Benjamin Harrison. Several Europeans of royal descent at eligible for membership in MOLLUS by right of their descent from Captain Philippe d'Orleans, the grandson of King Louis Philippe I of France. King Felipe VI of Spain and his father, former King of Spain Juan Carlos, are eligible for hereditary companionship","title":"Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States"},{"psg_id":"12349446","text":"were devout members of the nearby Middle Spring Presbyterian Church. David King grew up, regularly attending that church, which began a strong tradition of religious correctness in the King family that beyond question made its way down to Ward. Upon attaining adulthood, Ward's grandfather David King obtained an apprenticeship as a store clerk in Portsmouth, Ohio, where he met Ward's grandmother, then-teenage Almena Caldwell. However, her older brother and father fell from a small boat and drowned in the nearby Scioto River. Soon thereafter, Almena's mother died of grief. Her Uncle Hannibal Gilman Hamlin (first cousin to Lincoln's first Vice","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"11824969","text":"grass structures for cooking, eating, gathering, and retainers' quarters where his daughter gave birth to his two grandchildren: future Queen Liliʻuokalani and King Kalākaua. He was the hānai (adoptive) father of his eldest grandson Kaliokalani. ʻAikanaka died in 1837. He owned vast tracts of land and they were split in half between his son and daughter, and then his daughter's in thirds to her remaining children. Aikanaka (father of Keohokālole) ʻAikanaka (died 1837) was a high chief of the Kingdom of Hawaii and grandfather of two of Hawaii's future monarchs. His father was Chief Kepoʻokalani and his mother was Keohohiwa.","title":"Aikanaka (father of Keohokālole)"},{"psg_id":"15595544","text":"Vajra (king) According to the Mahabharata and the Puranas, Vajra, (in Sanskrit: वज्र or वज्रा), also known as \"Vajranabh\" (वज्रनाभ्), was one of the last survivors of the Yadu dynasty. He succeeded his father King Aniruddha to the throne of Mathura. He was the great grandson of Shri Krishna and the grandson of Pradyumna. Shri Krishna's wife, Rukmini, gave birth to the great warrior Pradyumna, one of Krishna's prominent sons, who later married the daughter of his maternal uncle Rukmi, Rukmavati. The mighty Aniruddha, was born to them, who married Usha, the Daitya princess. The princess gave birth to Vajra,","title":"Vajra (king)"},{"psg_id":"12349445","text":"been orphans. Ward's grandfather, David King, was found as a toddler wandering the streets of Baltimore during a yellow fever epidemic in which both his parents presumably died. David knew only his own name and could tell nothing about his parents. He was found in a Baltimore hotel and taken in by a Robert Quigley who had a farm near Shippensburg, Pennsylvania and who had \"wagoned\" to Baltimore for supplies. While Robert Quigley did rear and educate David King on his Cumberland County, Pennsylvania farm, he did not adopt him, which is why David's last name stayed King. The Quigleys","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"14326212","text":"Craig S. King Craig S. King (born 1953) is a United States lawyer who was General Counsel of the Navy from 1989 to 1993. Craig S. King was born in American Fork, Utah on February 4, 1953. He attended Brigham Young University, graduating with a B.A. in 1977. He then attended the Georgetown University Law Center, receiving a J.D. in 1980. After law school, King became an associate attorney in the Washington, D.C. office of Dewey Ballantine. In 1989, he moved to the Washington, D.C. office of Sidley & Austin. King's practice focused on antitrust counseling and litigation. An active","title":"Craig S. King"},{"psg_id":"589112","text":"by Æthelred. When Æthelberht's grandfather Ecgberht became king of Wessex in 802, it would have seemed very unlikely that he would establish a lasting dynasty. For two hundred years, three families had fought for the West Saxon throne, and no son had followed his father as king. Ecgberht's nearest connection to a previous king of Wessex was as a great-great-grandson of Ingild, brother of King Ine (688–726), but he was believed to be a paternal descendant of Cerdic, the founder of the West Saxon dynasty, which made him an ætheling, a prince who had a legitimate claim to the throne.","title":"Æthelberht, King of Wessex"},{"psg_id":"12349454","text":"says 1833). Modern day Littleton & Rue Funeral Home now occupies the Rodgers mansion at 830 North Limestone Street, Springfield, Ohio. Likely on their urging, David and Almena King moved to Springfield as well in 1840. David, a very astute businessman, who was already very well off, proceeded to build a significant portion of early downtown Springfield, which was known for long thereafter as \"King's Row\". Their daughter, Sarah Jane King, was born to them in Springfield on December 20, 1841. Their daughter Almena Caldwell King was also born there on February 1, 1848. Unfortunately, David King died on August","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"6091317","text":"Æthelric, king of the Hwicce Æthelric was a king of the Hwicce and son of Oshere; it is possible that he reigned jointly with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht. He is known from charters. In 692 he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia S 75, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht, and in 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere S 53 In 706 (S 1174), he granted land with consent of Cenred, King of Mercia; then in 736 (S 89), as \"Æthilric subregulus\", he witnessed a charter of Æthelbald, King of Mercia; and","title":"Æthelric, king of the Hwicce"},{"psg_id":"6091318","text":"in an undated charter (S 94), he received a grant himself from the same king. His kinsman thegn Osred received a grant in 743 from king Æthelbald in charter S 99. Æthelric, king of the Hwicce Æthelric was a king of the Hwicce and son of Oshere; it is possible that he reigned jointly with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht. He is known from charters. In 692 he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia S 75, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht, and in 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere S 53 In","title":"Æthelric, king of the Hwicce"},{"psg_id":"17198839","text":"original publication. Painter's 1999 history of the Cold War was described as an \"excellent\", a book that \"presents a very good analysis of the end of the Cold War, emphasizing the economic weakness of the Soviet Union and the strains of the arms race upon the Soviet economy.\" David S. Painter David S. Painter (born 1948) is an associate professor of international history at Georgetown University. He is a leading scholar of the Cold War and United States foreign policy during the 20th century, with particular emphasis on their relation to oil. Painter studied history at King College (BA 1970),","title":"David S. Painter"},{"psg_id":"17198834","text":"David S. Painter David S. Painter (born 1948) is an associate professor of international history at Georgetown University. He is a leading scholar of the Cold War and United States foreign policy during the 20th century, with particular emphasis on their relation to oil. Painter studied history at King College (BA 1970), Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar (BA 1973), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (PhD 1982). In addition to his career in academia, Painter has worked for the Congressional Research Service, the Department of Energy, and the State Department. In 2008, he was a visiting fellow","title":"David S. Painter"},{"psg_id":"9764275","text":"tubes were used, then sterilized, and re-used which often lead to the spread of disease and also a high risk of infection. Sheridan is thus credited with saving thousands of lives. He held more than 50 medical instrument patents and is credited with inventing the modern disposable catheter in the 1940s. In his lifetime he started and sold four catheter companies and was dubbed the \"Catheter King\" by \"Forbes\" magazine in 1988. Sheridan died in upstate New York at the age of 95. David S. Sheridan David S. Sheridan (10 July 1908, Brooklyn – 29 April 2004, Argyle, New York)","title":"David S. Sheridan"},{"psg_id":"12349495","text":"and did much to look after her mother in her mother's later years. Miriam died on March 28, 1957. As was the case with Lettie Reed King, all of the Ward and Mary's children remained lifelong Presbyterians. Ward's mother, Harriet Adaline Danforth King, died on July 13, 1906 in Springfield, Ohio after a lingering illness. Ward's father, Robert Quigley King, died suddenly on November 26, 1917 in his apartments in the King Building in Springfield. The Springfield newspaper reported his death with a lengthy front-page article that featured a large photo of him. David Ward King and his brother, Robert","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"18652748","text":"David Gruss and Dr. Evelyn Gruss Lipper. His daughter was married to Hollywood producer, author, and former New York City deputy mayor, Kenneth Lipper. Gruss died on July 3, 1993. His grandson, Joshua Carl Gruss married fashion designer Shoshanna Lonstein Gruss. Joseph S. Gruss Joseph Saul Gruss (March 19, 1903 – July 3, 1993) was a Jewish Ukrainian-born American financier, businessman, and philanthropist who supported Jewish education. Joseph Saul Gruss was born on March 19, 1903 to a Jewish family in Lviv, one of seven children. His father, Isaac, was a Talmudic scholar and banker; his mother belonged to a","title":"Joseph S. Gruss"},{"psg_id":"12492560","text":"of robust and nonparametric statistics. Professor Moore was the 1998 President of the American Statistical Association. David S. Moore is a retired (in 2004) Shanti S. Gupta Distinguished Professor of Statistics, Emeritus at Purdue University. Professor Moore has served as the first president of the International Association for Statistical Education. He was the content developer for the Annenberg/Corporation for Public Broadcasting college-level telecourse Against All Odds: Inside Statistics. David S. Moore David Sheldon Moore is an American statistician, who is known for his leadership of statistics education for many decades. David S. Moore received his A.B. from Princeton University and","title":"David S. Moore"},{"psg_id":"4340699","text":"David Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood David Henry George Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood (born 21 October 1950), is a British hereditary peer and film and television producer. He is the first cousin, once removed, of Queen Elizabeth II, the great-grandson of King George V and is 56th in line to the British throne. From his birth in 1950 until he succeeded his father in July 2011, he was known by the courtesy title Viscount Lascelles. Lord Harewood was born at his parents' London house, 2 Orme Square, Bayswater, London, the eldest son of the 7th Earl of Harewood and","title":"David Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood"},{"psg_id":"14326213","text":"Republican, King served as Director of Survey Research for Ronald Reagan's campaign in 1984 and was a senior advisor to George H. W. Bush's campaign in 1988. On August 24, 1989, President of the United States George H. W. Bush nominated King as General Counsel of the Navy. After Senate confirmation, King held this office from November 22, 1989 until January 20, 1993. Upon leaving the Department of the Navy, King joined Arent Fox as a partner. There, his practice has focused on government contracts. Craig S. King Craig S. King (born 1953) is a United States lawyer who was","title":"Craig S. King"},{"psg_id":"9698244","text":"Northumbria into his dominion. For Oram, this event was the turning point, \"the chance to radically redraw the political map of the British Isles lost forever\". England and King David I The relationship between the Kingdom of England and King David I, who was King of Scotland between 1124 and 1153, was partly shaped by David's relationship with the particular King of England, and partly by David's own ambition. David had a good relationship with and was an ally of Henry I of England, the King who was largely responsible for David's early career. After Henry's death, David upheld his","title":"England and King David I"},{"psg_id":"9698215","text":"England and King David I The relationship between the Kingdom of England and King David I, who was King of Scotland between 1124 and 1153, was partly shaped by David's relationship with the particular King of England, and partly by David's own ambition. David had a good relationship with and was an ally of Henry I of England, the King who was largely responsible for David's early career. After Henry's death, David upheld his support for his niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda, and expanded his power in northern England in the process, despite his defeat at the Battle of the","title":"England and King David I"},{"psg_id":"13915494","text":"work, the stately Orange County Courthouse building which is now the headquarters of the Orange County Regional History Center (1927). Constructed of variegated Indiana limestone from the Clear Creek Quarries of the Indiana Limestone Company, the completion of the building was supervised by Murry S. King's son, James B. King. King was the recognized leading architect among a group of architectural firms in Orlando in the 1920s. The others included: Frank L. Bodine, Fred E. Field, Frederick H. Trimble, David Hyer, George E. Krug, Howard M. Reynolds, Ryan and Roberts (Ida Annah Ryan and Isabel Roberts) and Percy P. Turner.","title":"Murry S. King"},{"psg_id":"10724266","text":"David S. Mack David S. Mack (born 1941) is an American businessman. Mack was born to a Jewish family, the son of Ruth (nee Kaufman) and H. Bert Mack (1912 - 1992). His father founded the real estate development company, the Mack Company. He has three brothers: Earle I. Mack, Fredric H. Mack, and William L. Mack. Mack graduated from Hofstra University in 1967 with a B.A. degree in Business Administration. Mack is senior partner of The Mack Company, a real estate development firm, and is a director of Mack-Cali Realty Corporation, a real estate investment trust (REIT). Mack serves","title":"David S. Mack"},{"psg_id":"7877971","text":"between the British kingdoms is made clear as King Gorfyddyd of Powys does not attend and King Gundleus of Siluria is tardy. Uther makes it clear that no man, other than his grandson Mordred, will sit on the throne of Dumnonia. Since Mordred is only a baby, he appoints three guardians (King Tewdric of Gwent; Owain, Champion of Dumnonia; and Merlin) and also a foster father to Mordred, who will marry the Princess Norwenna. Agricola, champion of Gwent, proposes Arthur, but the Uther disowns Arthur, whom he blames for the death of his heir, as his son. King Gundleus is","title":"The Winter King (novel)"},{"psg_id":"12349462","text":"Snyder Park, which would have been just down Buck Creek from his childhood home at the King Homestead. Robert Q. King married Miss Harriet A. Danforth at New Albany, Indiana on January 15, 1857. To them were born five children: David Ward King on October 27, 1857; Dr. Thomas Danforth King, who was born on July 20, 1859 and who died December 23, 1889; Robert Leffler King, who was born on August 24, 1863; Almena Adaline King (Warrick), who was born on September 17, 1869; and Margaret \"Madge\" Caldwell King, who was born on February 13, 1873 and who died","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"589081","text":"of Wessex in 802, it would have seemed very unlikely that he would establish a lasting dynasty. For two hundred years, three families had fought for the West Saxon throne, and no son had followed his father as king. Ecgberht's nearest connection to a king of Wessex was as a great-great-grandson of Ingild, brother of King Ine (688–726), but he was believed to be a paternal descendant of Cerdic, the founder of the West Saxon dynasty, which made him an ætheling, a prince who had a legitimate claim to the throne. But in the ninth and tenth centuries Ecgberht's line","title":"Æthelbald, King of Wessex"},{"psg_id":"15617231","text":"the year 240 BC Alexander was still loyal to his nephew Seleucus II Callinicus, as he was the governor of Lydia, based at Sardis. In the civil war between Seleucus II Callinicus and his brother Antiochus Hierax, Alexander supported his second nephew, and held Sardis against attacks by Seleucus II. After the end of the civil war, nothing is known on Alexander. His namesake was his great-nephew Seleucus III Ceraunus, whose name was Alexander until he succeeded his father Seleucus II Callinicus as King in 225 BC. Alexander (grandson of Seleucus I Nicator) Alexander (; flourished 3rd century BC) was","title":"Alexander (grandson of Seleucus I Nicator)"},{"psg_id":"10872926","text":"His tomb was ordered by the Pope to be placed in the cathedral of Lausanne. Otto de Grandson Otto de Grandson, also spelled Otton, Othon or Otho (c. 1238–1328), was the most prominent of the Savoyard knights in the service of Edward I, King of England. He was the closest personal friend of Edward, and shared the king's many interests. The son of Pierre, lord of Grandson near Lausanne, the young Otto travelled to England probably in the company of Peter II of Savoy in 1252, certainly not later than 1265. There he entered the service of King Henry III","title":"Otto de Grandson"},{"psg_id":"10872917","text":"Otto de Grandson Otto de Grandson, also spelled Otton, Othon or Otho (c. 1238–1328), was the most prominent of the Savoyard knights in the service of Edward I, King of England. He was the closest personal friend of Edward, and shared the king's many interests. The son of Pierre, lord of Grandson near Lausanne, the young Otto travelled to England probably in the company of Peter II of Savoy in 1252, certainly not later than 1265. There he entered the service of King Henry III and by 1267 was placed in the household of Prince Edward. In return for likely","title":"Otto de Grandson"},{"psg_id":"12492559","text":"David S. Moore David Sheldon Moore is an American statistician, who is known for his leadership of statistics education for many decades. David S. Moore received his A.B. from Princeton University and the Ph.D. from Cornell University in mathematics. In statistics education, David S. Moore is the author of a series of influential textbooks in statistical science, which use only high school algebra: \"Introduction to the Practice of Statistics\" (with George McCabe), of \"An Introduction to the Basic Practice of Statistics\", and of \"Statistics: Concepts and Controversies\". In statistical science, David S. Moore has done research in the asymptotic theory","title":"David S. Moore"},{"psg_id":"12349457","text":"Ward's father gave him the middle name of \"Ward\", and Ward went by that middle name all his life. One family account credits Isaac Ward with having been particularly helpful to the King family after the death of David King. Isaac Ward also sold a large tract of his land to Wittenberg College, which now forms the eastern part of its campus and is the reason the main road through present day Wittenberg University is Ward Street. The King Homestead was out in the country when first built, which was to get her boys away from the reported 122 saloons","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"11925272","text":"and the Chateau d'Autet in the Luberon, Provence. His father, the 1st Earl of Snowdon, died on 13 January 2017 and he inherited his titles, thus becoming the 2nd Earl of Snowdon and Viscount Linley. David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon David Albert Charles Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon (born 3 November 1961), styled as Viscount Linley until 2017 and known professionally as David Linley, is an English furniture maker and a former chairman of the auction house Christie's UK. The son of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, he is therefore a grandson of King George","title":"David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon"},{"psg_id":"14714113","text":"In medieval Europe, the son was commonly sent for a blanket and came back with half, justifying it by saying the other half is saved for his father. In an Asian version, the father weaves a basket to throw his aged father into the river. A son says to bring back the basket so that it can be used for the father one day. The Old Man and his Grandson \"The Old Man and his Grandson\" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in \"Grimm's Fairy Tales\" as tale number 78. It is Aarne-Thompson type 980B, The","title":"The Old Man and his Grandson"},{"psg_id":"15595554","text":"shrine Madan Mohan Temple-Vrindavan to Karauli in Rajasthan for safe keeping during Aurangzeb's rule. Today, a replica of the image is worshiped at the temple in Vrindavan. Vajra (king) According to the Mahabharata and the Puranas, Vajra, (in Sanskrit: वज्र or वज्रा), also known as \"Vajranabh\" (वज्रनाभ्), was one of the last survivors of the Yadu dynasty. He succeeded his father King Aniruddha to the throne of Mathura. He was the great grandson of Shri Krishna and the grandson of Pradyumna. Shri Krishna's wife, Rukmini, gave birth to the great warrior Pradyumna, one of Krishna's prominent sons, who later married","title":"Vajra (king)"},{"psg_id":"17948170","text":"David A. King (historian) David A. King (born 1941) is a British-born orientalist and historian of astronomy. At an early age he decided not to follow in the footsteps of his father, Henry C. King (1915 - 2005), author of \"The History of the Telescope\" (1956) and the first director of the London Planetarium and later of the McClaughlin Planetarium in Toronto. Instead he learned Arabic and went off to the Near East and then to the U.S to immerse himself in Medieval Islamic Studies. However, after one year of graduate school he found himself, not unwillingly, deeply entrenched in","title":"David A. King (historian)"},{"psg_id":"17948190","text":"unique testimonial to an intercultural encounter”, \"Suhayl\" 3 (2002/03): 9-156 “The cult of St. Wilgefortis in Flanders, Holland, England and France”, in \"Am Kreuz – Eine Frau\", in \"Ästhetik – Theologie – Liturgik\" (Münster), 26 (2003): 55-97 David A. King (historian) David A. King (born 1941) is a British-born orientalist and historian of astronomy. At an early age he decided not to follow in the footsteps of his father, Henry C. King (1915 - 2005), author of \"The History of the Telescope\" (1956) and the first director of the London Planetarium and later of the McClaughlin Planetarium in Toronto. Instead","title":"David A. King (historian)"},{"psg_id":"13679008","text":"I Was the King, I Really Was the King I Was the King, I Really Was the King is the second album by British alternative rock band Animals That Swim, released in June 1996 via Elemental Records. Its title is taken from a line in the book \"This is Orson Welles\". \"I Was the King, I Really Was the King\" received mixed to positive reviews upon release. Allmusic's Ned Raggett saw the LP as a natural progression from the band's debut album, \"Workshy\", but more energetic and \"pop-friendly\". He drew musical comparisons with Marc Almond's solo material and the songs","title":"I Was the King, I Really Was the King"},{"psg_id":"20768945","text":"Father of the Year (film) Father of the Year is an American comedy film directed by Tyler Spindel. The film stars David Spade, Nat Faxon, Bridgit Mendler, Joey Bragg, Matt Shively, and Jared Sandler. The film was released on July 20, 2018 by Netflix. In July 2017, it was announced that David Spade, Nat Faxon, Bridgit Mendler, Joey Bragg, Matt Shively, and Jackie Sandler would star in \"Who Do You Think Would Win?\" for Netflix. The film was eventually re-titled \"Graduates\" and then later \"Father of the Year\". Principal photography took place in Boston and Hudson, MA in June 2017.","title":"Father of the Year (film)"},{"psg_id":"9697990","text":"Senlis, died. Possibly as a result of this, and while David was still in southern England, Scotland-proper rose up in arms against him. The instigator was his half-brother Máel Coluim, who now had the support of Óengus of Moray, King or Mormaer of Moray. King Óengus was David's most powerful \"vassal\", a man who, as grandson of King Lulach of Scotland, even had his own claim to the kingdom. The rebel Scots had advanced into Angus when they were met by David's Mercian constable, Edward; a battle took place at Stracathro near Brechin. According to the \"Annals of Ulster\", 1000","title":"Political and military events in Scotland during the reign of David I"},{"psg_id":"4902820","text":"the 1177 revolt to restore Demna, who was now adult, to his rightful position. Georgian chronicles say David’s reign lasted for six months, but carefully avoid any mention of the circumstances of his death. David V of Georgia David V (, \"Davit' V\") (died 1155), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Georgia c. 1154/5. He was an elder son of King Demetre I. Fearing that Demetre would make his younger son Giorgi an heir to the throne, David attempted a revolt in 1130. Ultimately, he forced his father to abdicate and David became a king in 1154 or","title":"David V of Georgia"},{"psg_id":"15597786","text":"on opposite sides of the world on the same day, opening in America and China simultaneously. Since that time, King has domineered the market in Asia, Australia and Europe with his various theatrical productions. David King was born in the Alwoodley district of Leeds, the only son of Stanley and Trudie King. His parents were both musical hall performers, having met when his father worked as a music hall comedian and his mother was a dancer. From the age of seven, King was considered a classical prodigy on the piano and gave concerts in Leeds Town Hall. However, at 12","title":"David King (theatre producer)"},{"psg_id":"9246558","text":"David King (figure skater) David King (born 8 May 1984) is an English former competitive pair skater who represented Great Britain. With partner and now wife Stacey King (née Kemp), he is an eight-time British national champion. David King was born on 8 May 1984 in Carlisle, Cumbria. He became engaged to Stacey Kemp in 2010. They married in April 2016. Originally a skier, King began skating at age ten. He teamed up with Kemp in 2003. The pair began appearing internationally in the 2004–05 season. After competing on the Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series, they placed 11th at the","title":"David King (figure skater)"},{"psg_id":"12349491","text":"that there was a time when she came upon another family member having a beer. After she finished telling him in no uncertain terms what she thought about that, the two of them remained thereafter permanently estranged. However, she and Ward, the great promoter of his world changing invention, were undoubtedly the perfect pair. David Ward and Mary Wylie King had four children, who were all born in Maitland, Missouri. They were Lettie Reed King, who was born on December 29, 1881; Robert Quigley King, who was born on December 11, 1886; Miriam Danforth King, who was born on October","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"9105149","text":"David Sinton Ingalls David Sinton Ingalls (January 28, 1899 – April 26, 1985) was the US Navy's only flying ace of World War I, with six credited victories; thus he was the first ace in U. S. Navy history. Ingalls was born on January 28, 1899 in Cleveland, Ohio. He was the son of Albert S. Ingalls and Jane (née Taft) Ingalls (1874–1962). His mother was the niece of U.S. President William Howard Taft. David was the grandson of railroad executive Melville E. Ingalls. and the great-grandson of industrialist David Sinton, for whom he was named. Ingalls received his secondary","title":"David Sinton Ingalls"},{"psg_id":"12349450","text":"Tarlton on October 22, 1834. He went all his life by his middle name of \"Noble\". The Kings named him after their country neighbor, Samuel Noble, who had come from Emmitsburg, Maryland to become one of the first settlers of Tarlton and who had a large farm just south of Tarlton. Mary Elizabeth King, was born to David and Almena in Tarlton on April 1, 1837, and David King, Jr., later to become a Civil War colonel, was born in Tarlton on September 11, 1839. As time passed, Tarlton began to lose some of its importance. The state capital was","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"13679011","text":"Greenhouse\" and \"East St O'Neill\" as standout tracks, and ended his review with a short summation of the album's overall sound; \"Horns parp convincingly, guitars swagger rather than stagger, choruses seem to have some idea of where they want to be in 30 seconds' time and Animals That Swim emerge as – gasp! – actual, potential pop stars\". I Was the King, I Really Was the King I Was the King, I Really Was the King is the second album by British alternative rock band Animals That Swim, released in June 1996 via Elemental Records. Its title is taken from","title":"I Was the King, I Really Was the King"},{"psg_id":"12349473","text":"from the farm a lot was not something city-bred Ward considered to be disagreeable. In fact, his son David Bryant King had pretty much taken over operation of the farm by the time he reached eighteen. Leffler, after many years on his Hancock County farm, was finally able to move back to Springfield to help his father manage the family's considerable real estate holdings during his father's declining years. Like his brother, his son Edwin Askam King pretty much took over the operation of Grassland Farm. Although separated by distance, the brothers always remained very close, and they constantly worked","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"18468766","text":"David King (defensive end) David King (born December 27, 1989) is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the seventh round of the 2013 NFL Draft after playing college football at Oklahoma. King was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the seventh round (239th) of the 2013 NFL draft. On October 22, 2013, King was signed to the practice squad. On January 6, 2014, he was signed a future contract. On August 30, 2014, King was waived by the Eagles. On August 31, he was signed to the","title":"David King (defensive end)"},{"psg_id":"20406746","text":"Raincoat Man has been stealing all the children's candy, so Pumpkins decides to intervene. They try to confront the Raincoat Man in a haunted house, who turns out to be three pre-teens who had bullied Kevin. Pumpkins returns the candy using magical floating pumpkins, and he and the skeletons depart. The character David S. Pumpkins was created for the October 22, 2016, episode of season 42 of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Hanks. The sketch \"Haunted Elevator (featuring David S. Pumpkins)\" became widely shared, with over 10 million views on YouTube. NBC announced on September 28, 2017, that \"The Halloween","title":"The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special"},{"psg_id":"14714112","text":"grandson played with wood as well and said that he was making a trough for his parents to eat from when they were old. After that, they let him eat at the table again and did not complain about the spill. The bowl was described as costing a few heller. Other tales of this type vary on the exact offense that the grandson declares he will commit and the son thereafter refrains from: making his father sleep under half a blanket in the stables, bringing back the carrier so he can carry his father to abandon him, or commit murder.","title":"The Old Man and his Grandson"},{"psg_id":"6174799","text":"father-in-law. His cousin was Ulysses S. Grant IV, the son of Ulysses S. Grant, Jr. Source: \"U.S. Army Register\", 1946. Ulysses S. Grant III Ulysses Simpson Grant III (July 4, 1881August 29, 1968) was a United States Army officer and planner. He was the son of Frederick Dent Grant, and the grandson of General of the Army and U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant. Grant was born in Chicago, as a grandson of President and General Ulysses S. Grant and educated in Austria, where his father was an American diplomat. He attended Columbia University until 1898 when he received an appointment","title":"Ulysses S. Grant III"},{"psg_id":"12349456","text":"Isaac Ward cut building stone from these cliffs, at the location of present-day Cliff Park in Springfield, that later became part of many of the early buildings in Springfield. There was only the Limestone Street footbridge across Buck Creek at the time Almena King built the King Homestead, and that footbridge was more than a block upstream. She bought this land from Robert Quigley's grandson-in-law, Isaac Ward, who lived across the street on present-day Fountain (then Market). The Isaac Ward Mansion still stands today and is still occupied. The Kings and the Quigley descendants remained very close, which is why","title":"David Ward King"},{"psg_id":"1311965","text":"his life. As there is little documented evidence, historians can only guess at most of David's activities in this period. David was born on a date unknown in 1084 in Scotland. He was probably the eighth son of King Malcolm III, and certainly the sixth and youngest born by Malcolm's second wife, Margaret of Wessex. He was the grandson of the ill-fated King Duncan I. In 1093 King Máel Coluim and David's brother Edward were killed at the River Aln during an invasion of Northumberland. David and his two brothers Alexander and Edgar, both future kings of Scotland, were probably","title":"David I of Scotland"},{"psg_id":"18796268","text":"of the same cast and crew. The narrative follows David's life from the time he was a boy shepherd to his death as the aged King of Israel.<br>Part 1: David and King Saul relates the exploits of the young David (Bottoms) and his relations with King Saul (Quayle). It begins with David as a humble shepherd who becomes harp player to the King who is distraught after the prophet Samuel has chastised him for failing to follow the instructions of the Israelite god, Yahweh, in a battle. Samuel informs Saul that Yahweh will anoint another king in his place. Saul","title":"The Story of David"},{"psg_id":"13915491","text":"Murry S. King Murry S. King (1870–1927) (often spelled \"Murray\") was Florida's first registered architect, a noted American architect with a successful practice in Orlando, Florida, in the 1910s and 1920s. King was born on July 13, 1870 in East Deer Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, the son of Robert and Mary King. He moved to Orlando from Pennsylvania in 1904. King was a charter member of the Florida State Association of Architects and served on the Florida State Board of Architecture. He was a member of the American Institute of Architects. In 1890 Murry S. King married Ruth","title":"Murry S. King"},{"psg_id":"4874566","text":"Perry King Perry Firestone King (born April 30, 1948) is an American actor. He is best known for his role in the television series \"Riptide\" (1984–1986). King received a Golden Globe nomination for his role in the television film \"The Hasty Heart\" (1983), which is a remake of the 1949 film of the same name. King was born in Alliance, Ohio; his father was a physician. His maternal grandfather was Maxwell Perkins, a well-known editor for the publishing house Charles Scribner's Sons. Through Perkins, King is the great-great-grandson of U.S. Senator William M. Evarts and the great-great-great-great-grandson of Roger Sherman,","title":"Perry King"},{"psg_id":"4874570","text":"Golden Globe Awards Perry King Perry Firestone King (born April 30, 1948) is an American actor. He is best known for his role in the television series \"Riptide\" (1984–1986). King received a Golden Globe nomination for his role in the television film \"The Hasty Heart\" (1983), which is a remake of the 1949 film of the same name. King was born in Alliance, Ohio; his father was a physician. His maternal grandfather was Maxwell Perkins, a well-known editor for the publishing house Charles Scribner's Sons. Through Perkins, King is the great-great-grandson of U.S. Senator William M. Evarts and the great-great-great-great-grandson","title":"Perry King"},{"psg_id":"18468768","text":"2016. He was waived on December 30, 2016 and was re-signed back to the practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Chiefs on January 19, 2017. On September 1, 2017, King was traded to the Tennessee Titans for a 2018 seventh round draft pick. On September 1, 2018, King was released by the Titans. David King (defensive end) David King (born December 27, 1989) is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the seventh round of the 2013 NFL Draft after playing college football at Oklahoma.","title":"David King (defensive end)"},{"psg_id":"3102444","text":"Fisher King, but only the chosen can accomplish the feat. This is Percival alone in the earlier stories; in later versions, he is joined by Galahad and Bors. Many later works have two wounded \"Grail Kings\" who live in the same castle, a father and son (or grandfather and grandson). The more seriously wounded father stays in the castle, sustained by the Grail alone, while the more active son can meet with guests and go fishing. For the purposes of clarity in the remainder of this article, where both appear, the father will be called the Wounded King, the son","title":"Fisher King"},{"psg_id":"9017921","text":"1991 a master's degree in business administration from the Florida Institute of Technology. David A. King (engineer) David Arnold King is an American engineer who was the tenth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama. He was appointed to the position on June 15, 2003. He announced his retirement from NASA on March 26, 2009. Soon thereafter, King started in the position of Executive Vice President at Dynetics, Inc., a Huntsville-based defense contractor. He was promoted to President in 2013 and then to CEO in 2015. King joined NASA in 1983 as a main propulsion","title":"David A. King (engineer)"},{"psg_id":"9017919","text":"David A. King (engineer) David Arnold King is an American engineer who was the tenth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama. He was appointed to the position on June 15, 2003. He announced his retirement from NASA on March 26, 2009. Soon thereafter, King started in the position of Executive Vice President at Dynetics, Inc., a Huntsville-based defense contractor. He was promoted to President in 2013 and then to CEO in 2015. King joined NASA in 1983 as a main propulsion system engineer. In subsequent roles, he also served as vehicle manager and flow","title":"David A. King (engineer)"},{"psg_id":"8120840","text":"David King Murray, Lord Birnam Sir Thomas David King Murray, Lord Birnam, (29 March 1884 – 5 June 1955) was a Scottish advocate and judge who served for two years as Unionist Member of Parliament (MP). King Murray was born on 29 March 1884, the son of James Murray of Greenknowe, Bothwell, Lanrkshire who was a merchant in Glasgow. He was educated at Hamilton Academy and the Glasgow High School. He graduated from the University of Glasgow with an MA in 1904, a BSc in 1905 and an LLB in 1908. King Murray was trained as a solicitor in Glasgow","title":"David King Murray, Lord Birnam"},{"psg_id":"20246190","text":"David S. Traub David S. Traub (September 6, 1941, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American architect, author and playwright based in Philadelphia. David S. Traub, a native of Louisville Kentucky, studied architecture and city planning at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and the University of Pennsylvania School of Design where he received a Masters of Architecture degree. At Penn in 1964, he studied in the Master's Class of the famous architect, Louis I. Kahn, with students who had gathered from around the world. During the Vietnam War, Traub served in the Corps of Engineers in Honolulu working as an architect","title":"David S. Traub"},{"psg_id":"12349507","text":"David Ward King and his King Road Drag? David Ward King David Ward King (October 27, 1857 – February 9, 1920) was an American farmer and inventor of the King road drag. His invention, which was the horse-drawn forerunner of the modern road grader, had a great influence on American life because his invention improved the widespread dirt roads of his day to the extent that they could accommodate the advent of the automobile, rural mail delivery and mail order catalogues. King was often referred to then and now as \"the Missouri farmer\", which he was. However, he was born,","title":"David Ward King"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349459\",\n \"text\": \"University and is today its sorority house. After Almena's death, Rev. Gotwald wrote a loving biography of David and Almena in which he penned this moving tribute to his late father in law. Of all the descendants of the first David King, his creative and industrious grandson, David Ward King undoubtedly did the most to live up to the spirit and the letter of Rev. Gotwald's heartfelt counsel. David Ward King was born on October 27, 1857 in Springfield, Ohio. His father was real estate developer, investor and Springfield Fire Chief, Robert Quigley King. His mother was Harriet Danforth King.\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3362631\",\n \"text\": \"King, Jr., and Elliott West King. David King died on May 5, 2009, and was buried in Parklawn Memorial Cemetery. King was a direct descendant of Edmund Rice, an English immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony, as follows: David S. King David Sjodahl King (June 20, 1917 – May 5, 2009) was a representative from Utah. He was a member of the Democratic Party. King was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1917. He graduated from the University of Utah in 1937. From 1937 to 1939, he served as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints\",\n \"title\": \"David S. King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349444\",\n \"text\": \"from a very prominent and wealthy family of that city. David Ward King was the grandson of his namesake, Springfield merchant and real estate developer David King. His paternal grandfather, David King, was probably born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1796. His paternal grandmother, Almena Caldwell King, was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire on August 16, 1809. However, she moved with her parents when she was young to early Portsmouth, Ohio, which is in southernmost Ohio at the confluence of the Scioto River and the Ohio River, where her father established a successful carpentry business. Both of Ward's paternal grandparents had\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3362627\",\n \"text\": \"David S. King David Sjodahl King (June 20, 1917 – May 5, 2009) was a representative from Utah. He was a member of the Democratic Party. King was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1917. He graduated from the University of Utah in 1937. From 1937 to 1939, he served as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Great Britain. After his mission, King attended and graduated from Georgetown University Law School. After serving as a clerk for Justice Howard M. Stephens of the United States Court of Appeals for the District\",\n \"title\": \"David S. King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16778071\",\n \"text\": \"The Boy Who Was a King The Boy Who Was a King is a 2011 Bulgarian documentary film about Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, directed by Andrey Paounov. The film received nominations and awards at various international film festivals. It was included in the official selections of Toronto International Film Festival, International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam and others. The film is the third part of direcotor Andrey Paounov's unofficial trilogy on the \\\"absurdity of the Bulgarian transition period\\\". The film tells the story of Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Bulgarian Tsar. He assumed the throne at the age of six, when his father Boris\",\n \"title\": \"The Boy Who Was a King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3362630\",\n \"text\": \"From July 1986 to June 1989, he served as president of the church's Haiti Port-au-Prince Mission. King served from September 1990 to 1993 as the president of the Washington D.C. Temple in Kensington, Maryland. In November 1994, he was called to serve as a patriarch for the Washington D.C. Stake and the District of Columbia District. King was a resident of Kensington, Maryland where he lived with his wife of 61 years, Rosalie King. They were the parents of eight children. His father, William H. King, was a Senator from Utah. He was preceded in death by his sons David\",\n \"title\": \"David S. King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6630841\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Dodge David Stuart Dodge (November 17, 1922 – January 20, 2009) was the Vice-President for Administration (1979–83), Acting President (1981–82) and President (1996–97) of the American University of Beirut (AUB). Dodge came from a prominent American family, closely involved with Lebanon for well over a century: [His] family has led AUB for generations. Born in Beirut in 1922, Mr. Dodge was the son of former AUB President Bayard Dodge, the grandson of former President Howard Bliss, and the great-grandson of Daniel Bliss, who founded AUB in 1866. He was also the grandson of Cleveland Hoadley Dodge, founder of\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Dodge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15486266\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander (grandson of Herod the Great) Alexander, also known by his Roman name Gaius Julius Alexander (, 15 BC-probably between 26-28) was a Herodian Prince. Alexander was the second born son of Alexander and Glaphyra. His oldest brother was called Tigranes and had a younger unnamed sister. His father Alexander was a Judean Prince, of Jewish, Nabataean and Edomite descent and was a son of King of Judea, Herod the Great and his wife Mariamne. His mother Glaphyra was a Cappadocian Princess, who was of Greek, Armenian and Persian descent. She was the daughter of the King Archelaus of Cappadocia\",\n \"title\": \"Alexander (grandson of Herod the Great)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5935641\",\n \"text\": \"David King Udall David King Udall, Sr. (September 7, 1851 – February 18, 1938) was a representative to the Arizona Territorial Legislature and the founder of the Udall political family. His great-grandson Tom currently represents the state of New Mexico in the United States Senate. David King Udall was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1851. His parents, David Udall and Eliza King, had immigrated to the United States from England earlier in the year. In 1852 they followed the Mormon Trail to Utah. They settled in Nephi. Udall spent his childhood farming. As a teenager, he spent a short\",\n \"title\": \"David King Udall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20406744\",\n \"text\": \"The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special is a Halloween television special that aired on NBC on October 28, 2017. It stars Tom Hanks as \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" character David S. Pumpkins. The 21-minute special was written by and also features Mikey Day, Bobby Moynihan, and Streeter Seidell. Peter Dinklage narrates the story, which follows a brother and sister who go trick-or-treating, meet Pumpkins and catch the troublemakers who had disrupted Halloween. \\\"The Halloween Special\\\" starts and ends with live-action segments directed by Don Roy King featuring David S. Pumpkins (Hanks), flanked by two skeletons\",\n \"title\": \"The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15486271\",\n \"text\": \"daughter-in-law Antonia Minor were mentioned in Alexander’s will. Alexander (grandson of Herod the Great) Alexander, also known by his Roman name Gaius Julius Alexander (, 15 BC-probably between 26-28) was a Herodian Prince. Alexander was the second born son of Alexander and Glaphyra. His oldest brother was called Tigranes and had a younger unnamed sister. His father Alexander was a Judean Prince, of Jewish, Nabataean and Edomite descent and was a son of King of Judea, Herod the Great and his wife Mariamne. His mother Glaphyra was a Cappadocian Princess, who was of Greek, Armenian and Persian descent. She was\",\n \"title\": \"Alexander (grandson of Herod the Great)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12797439\",\n \"text\": \"David King-Wood David King-Wood (12 September 1913 – 3 September 2003) was a British actor. He was born in Tehran, Iran (then Persia), the youngest of four children. His father was William King Wood (CIE, CBE), Director of the Indo-European Telegraph Department and his mother was Daisy Adcock, daughter of Sir Hugh Adcock (who was once the physician to the Shah of Persia). He studied at Oxford University and was a keen member of OUDS (Oxford University Dramatic Society) appearing in The Radio Times in April 1936 whilst appearing as Richard II. David King-Wood (he apparently added the hyphen) appeared\",\n \"title\": \"David King-Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5935647\",\n \"text\": \"to 1934 he served as the president of the LDS Mesa Arizona Temple. He wrote an autobiography, \\\"Arizona Pioneer Mormon\\\", in collaboration with his daughter, by Ida, Pearl Udall Nelson. His wives, Ida and Eliza, preceded him in death in 1915 and 1937, respectively. He died in 1938 in St. Johns, Arizona. David King Udall David King Udall, Sr. (September 7, 1851 – February 18, 1938) was a representative to the Arizona Territorial Legislature and the founder of the Udall political family. His great-grandson Tom currently represents the state of New Mexico in the United States Senate. David King Udall\",\n \"title\": \"David King Udall\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349492\",\n \"text\": \"24, 1892; and David Bryant King, who was born on September 9, 1897. Lettie Reed King went by her middle name of \\\"Reed\\\". She followed the King family tradition, which started with the original David King, of remaining a Presbyterian. In fact, she was a charter member of the Presbyterian Church of Maitland. After her father's death, she was the family member to whom all family members \\\"took their problems.\\\" She also was a frequent source of information about her famous father. Robert Quigley King II served in World War I. He became an osteopath, graduating from the Kirksville College\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15628202\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Bill III David S. Bill III is a retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. Bill is a native of Norfolk, Virginia. His father was a Captain in the Navy, his grandfather was U.S. Representative Winder R. Harris. Bill graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1966. He would serve aboard the USS John King (DDG-3) before being deployed to serve on River Boats in the Vietnam War, where he made 150 combat patrols in the Mekong Delta, was wounded in action, and received the Bronze Star for valor. Later, he was assigned to the USS\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Bill III\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15628207\",\n \"text\": \"Golf Association and currently sits on several privately held company boards. David S. Bill III David S. Bill III is a retired Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. Bill is a native of Norfolk, Virginia. His father was a Captain in the Navy, his grandfather was U.S. Representative Winder R. Harris. Bill graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1966. He would serve aboard the USS John King (DDG-3) before being deployed to serve on River Boats in the Vietnam War, where he made 150 combat patrols in the Mekong Delta, was wounded in action, and received the\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Bill III\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19749250\",\n \"text\": \"David Milinković Manuel David Milinković (, ; born 20 May 1994) is a French/Serbian football attacker, playing for EFL Championship club Hull City. Born in Antibes, France, Milinković has Serbian origins. His grandfather Mirko came to France from the outskirts of Sarajevo. Already in France, David´s father Igor was born, who worked at Partus corporation dedicated to casinos, hotels, thermal centers, restaurants, etc. Mirko´s grandson, Igor´s son, David, started playing football in the youth team of AS Cannes. During the winter-break of the 2011–12 season he moved to Serbia and joined the youth team of Red Star Belgrade. He then\",\n \"title\": \"David Milinković\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4058740\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Walker David Shelby Walker (May 2, 1815 – July 20, 1891) was the eighth Governor of Florida, serving from 1866 to 1868. Walker was born near Russelville in Logan County, Kentucky. He attended private schools in Kentucky and Tennessee and studied law. He moved to Florida in 1837, settling in Leon County. His father was David Walker, a prominent early Kentucky politician who served in the US House of Representatives. David S. Walker was a cousin and close business and political confidante of Florida territorial governor Richard K. Call. He was also related to Florida Senator Wilkinson Call,\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Walker\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15897591\",\n \"text\": \"Agathocles (grandson of Agathocles of Syracuse) Agathocles (; fl. 3rd century BC) was an Egyptian Greek nobleman related to the Ptolemaic dynasty on his mother's side. Agathocles was a second child born to Theoxena of Egypt; the names of his father and older sibling are unknown. He was named after his maternal grandfather, Agathocles of Syracuse, who had been tyrant and then king of Syracuse from 317 to 289 BC. His maternal grandmother was Theoxena of Syracuse, a Greek Macedonian noblewoman; she was the second older maternal, half-sister of the Greek Egyptian Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who reigned 283–246BC. Agathocles\",\n \"title\": \"Agathocles (grandson of Agathocles of Syracuse)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9764274\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Sheridan David S. Sheridan (10 July 1908, Brooklyn – 29 April 2004, Argyle, New York) was the inventor of the \\\"disposable\\\" plastic endotracheal tube. David was the second of six sons of Adolf and Anna Sockolof, who immigrated to the United States from Russia. He changed his name from Sockolof to Sheridan in 1939. He attended school until 8th grade when he went to work with his father and brothers in the hardwood flooring business. David Sheridan was the inventor of the modern \\\"disposable\\\" plastic endotracheal tube now used routinely in surgery. Previous to his invention, red rubber\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Sheridan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15617229\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander (grandson of Seleucus I Nicator) Alexander (; flourished 3rd century BC) was a Greek nobleman of Anatolia and served as a Seleucid official. Alexander was the first son born to Achaeus by an unnamed Greek mother. His father Achaeus was a wealthy nobleman who owned estates in Anatolia. His family had power in Anatolia with strong royal connections. Alexander had three siblings, two sisters, Antiochis and Laodice I, and a brother Andromachus. His father Achaeus was the second son of King Seleucus I Nicator and his first wife Apama I. According to surviving inscriptions, Alexander was already active and\",\n \"title\": \"Alexander (grandson of Seleucus I Nicator)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349449\",\n \"text\": \"1827, James Hamlin King, born July 3, 1829 and John Quigley King, born July 24, 1831 all died of smallpox within weeks of each other on August 27, August 28 and September 20, 1831. Almena had to deal with this catastrophe alone. Ward's father, Robert Quigley King, who was born on August 13, 1832 in Tarlton, was their first child to survive. Understandably, Almena insisted on going along with David on his supply trips after that, carrying with her the infant Robert Quigley King as a babe in arms. Their next child was Samuel Noble King, who was born in\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18288622\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Cordish David S. Cordish (born January 30, 1940) is an American real estate developer, son of Paul L. Cordish, and the third generation CEO and Chairman of The Cordish Companies. David S. Cordish was born to a Jewish family in Baltimore, the son of Sylvia Cohn Bloom and Paul L. Cordish. His father founded the Cordish Law Firm which served as and continues to serve as the legal arm of the Cordish Company which was founded by his grandfather, Louis Cordish in 1910. His father also was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 1934 to represent\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Cordish\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9983020\",\n \"text\": \"Sir David Cunningham, 1st Baronet, of Robertland Sir David Cunningham, 1st Baronet of Robertland was the grandson of David Cunninghame of Robertland, Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland for King James VI of Scotland. He was, by King Charles I, created a Baronet of Nova Scotia on 25 November 1630, by Letters Patent to him and his heirs male whatsoever. A number of letters to him from his older cousin Sir David Cunningham, 1st Baronet of Auchinhervie survive in the National Archives of Scotland. Like his father, Sir James Cunningham of Robertland, Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King\",\n \"title\": \"Sir David Cunningham, 1st Baronet, of Robertland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10724269\",\n \"text\": \"capital programs at his alma-mater, Hofstra University. The David S. Mack Sports and Exhibition Complex, the Sondra and David S. Mack Student Center and Mack Hall are named in his honor. Mack and his wife Sondra also make charitable donations through the David and Sondra Mack Foundation and are members of the Jewish Federation of Palm Beach County. David S. Mack David S. Mack (born 1941) is an American businessman. Mack was born to a Jewish family, the son of Ruth (nee Kaufman) and H. Bert Mack (1912 - 1992). His father founded the real estate development company, the Mack\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Mack\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16778073\",\n \"text\": \"term. The film presents not only the life of the former Tsar, but also intertwines within the story vignettes of various Bulgarians, who were supporting him, sending him gifts, or merely tattooing his face on their body. The story is told through personal footage and vast amounts of archive material. The film received praise for its editing and use of archives with Variety's Robert Koehler writing that \\\"Pic’s terrific use of archival footage includes an exiled Simeon interviewed in the early ’60s, disputing his playboy rep.\\\" and \\\"Editing is aces.\\\" The Boy Who Was a King The Boy Who Was\",\n \"title\": \"The Boy Who Was a King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9568697\",\n \"text\": \"about one million US dollars. The King of Masks The King of Masks () is a 1996 Chinese film directed by Wu Tianming. In 1930's China, Wang is The King of Masks, an aged street performer who practices the change-mask opera art of bian lian. He laments that he has no male heirs to carry on his mysterious and complicated art and trade. At an illegal child market, Wang buys what he believes to be an orphan boy to become his adopted grandson and apprentice. However, Wang soon learns his new disciple is in fact a girl. As tradition dictates\",\n \"title\": \"The King of Masks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9568694\",\n \"text\": \"The King of Masks The King of Masks () is a 1996 Chinese film directed by Wu Tianming. In 1930's China, Wang is The King of Masks, an aged street performer who practices the change-mask opera art of bian lian. He laments that he has no male heirs to carry on his mysterious and complicated art and trade. At an illegal child market, Wang buys what he believes to be an orphan boy to become his adopted grandson and apprentice. However, Wang soon learns his new disciple is in fact a girl. As tradition dictates that he cannot pass his\",\n \"title\": \"The King of Masks\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12797442\",\n \"text\": \"many happy hours in Central Park. More than one hundred and fifty of his friends contributed to the David King-Wood Tree Fund, and two European Linden trees have been endowed in his name. There is a paving stone by the Olmsted Flowerbed at Literary Walk, mid-park at Sixty-Seventh Street, as well as the two trees near the East Meadow. David King-Wood David King-Wood (12 September 1913 – 3 September 2003) was a British actor. He was born in Tehran, Iran (then Persia), the youngest of four children. His father was William King Wood (CIE, CBE), Director of the Indo-European Telegraph\",\n \"title\": \"David King-Wood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18299107\",\n \"text\": \"the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, and Royal Scottish Geographical Society. He is also an Honorary Member of the British Society for Plant Pathology. He was awarded a Doctor of Science degree (ScD) by the University of Cambridge in 1986. David S. Ingram David Stanley Ingram, (Born 10 October 1941) is an Honorary Professor of Science, Technology and Innovation Studies at the University of Edinburgh Ingram served as Master of St. Catharine's College, Cambridge between 2000 and 2007. Ingram was born in Birmingham in 1941, the son of a toolmaker and grandson of a gamekeeper. From an early age he\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Ingram\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18299103\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Ingram David Stanley Ingram, (Born 10 October 1941) is an Honorary Professor of Science, Technology and Innovation Studies at the University of Edinburgh Ingram served as Master of St. Catharine's College, Cambridge between 2000 and 2007. Ingram was born in Birmingham in 1941, the son of a toolmaker and grandson of a gamekeeper. From an early age he had an interest in botany. After graduating from Yardley Grammar School, he apprenticed as a gardener, but soon decided to study botany at a university. He selected the University of Hull because it enabled him to read botany in combination\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Ingram\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349460\",\n \"text\": \"As mentioned, Robert Quigley King, was born in Tarlton, Ohio, and was the first child of Almena and David King to survive. Robert Quigley King came to a largely undeveloped Springfield at age nine in 1840, with his sister, Mary Elizabeth, age three and his brother, David Jr. age one. He attended the early Springfield schools. He later recalled hunting for squirrels in a woods that later became the train station (now demolished) and what would be close to the location of the present Clark County Library. His father died when he was eighteen. Nonetheless, his mother was able to\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5354104\",\n \"text\": \"(his father ruled for over 50 years). However, there is a conspiracy theory: that Lü Buwei poisoned the king or at least hastened his death, to put the next king, King Zhuangxiang of Qin onto the throne. This is supported in a way by the fact that Zhuangxiang reigned for only 3 years. King Xiaowen of Qin King Xiaowen of Qin (303–251 BC) was a Chinese king, who had a very brief reign. He is also known as Lord Anguo (安國君). His grandson was Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Xiaowen was a son of the King Zhaoxiang of Qin and Queen\",\n \"title\": \"King Xiaowen of Qin\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20246203\",\n \"text\": \"the staged public readings of the play. Traub has a younger brother, photographer Charles H. Traub, and is the father of documentary filmmaker and photographer Daniel Traub. David S. Traub David S. Traub (September 6, 1941, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American architect, author and playwright based in Philadelphia. David S. Traub, a native of Louisville Kentucky, studied architecture and city planning at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and the University of Pennsylvania School of Design where he received a Masters of Architecture degree. At Penn in 1964, he studied in the Master's Class of the famous architect, Louis I.\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Traub\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20529802\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Black Prince\\\") and Ekathotsarot (the White Prince ), be taken hostage and be raised in Pegu (the center of the Hanthawadi kingdom) under the watchful eyes of Bayinnaung, the Burmese king, who promises to care for Naresuan like one of his own. This creates a rift between Naresuan's father and his mother, Queen Wisutkasat, whose brother is the king of the neighbouring Ayutthaya kingdom, as Phitsanulok is now a Burmese vassal state. Ayutthaya falls soon after. Immediately after entering the Burmese palace, Naresuan sees the palace politics and rivalries between himself and Bayinnaung's grandson, Mingyi Swa. Naresuan is sent to\",\n \"title\": \"The Legend of King Naresuan: The Series\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3362628\",\n \"text\": \"of Columbia in 1943, King returned to Utah. In Utah, King served as counsel to the Utah Tax Commission from 1944 to 1946. He also was involved in private practice from 1945. From 1946 to 1958, he taught commercial law at Intermountain Business College. From 1948 to 1958, King was the second assistant to Elbert R. Curtis, who was the ninth General Superintendent of the church's Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association. King was elected as a Democrat to the 86th and 87th United States Congresses between January 3, 1959 and January 3, 1963. He was not a candidate for renomination\",\n \"title\": \"David S. King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4726303\",\n \"text\": \"from his grandfather, Admiral David Dixon Porter. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles and his brother, CIA Director Allen Dulles were eligible for membership in MOLLUS by right of their descent from their maternal grandfather Colonel John W. Foster, who served as Secretary of State in the administration of President Benjamin Harrison. Several Europeans of royal descent at eligible for membership in MOLLUS by right of their descent from Captain Philippe d'Orleans, the grandson of King Louis Philippe I of France. King Felipe VI of Spain and his father, former King of Spain Juan Carlos, are eligible for hereditary companionship\",\n \"title\": \"Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349446\",\n \"text\": \"were devout members of the nearby Middle Spring Presbyterian Church. David King grew up, regularly attending that church, which began a strong tradition of religious correctness in the King family that beyond question made its way down to Ward. Upon attaining adulthood, Ward's grandfather David King obtained an apprenticeship as a store clerk in Portsmouth, Ohio, where he met Ward's grandmother, then-teenage Almena Caldwell. However, her older brother and father fell from a small boat and drowned in the nearby Scioto River. Soon thereafter, Almena's mother died of grief. Her Uncle Hannibal Gilman Hamlin (first cousin to Lincoln's first Vice\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11824969\",\n \"text\": \"grass structures for cooking, eating, gathering, and retainers' quarters where his daughter gave birth to his two grandchildren: future Queen Liliʻuokalani and King Kalākaua. He was the hānai (adoptive) father of his eldest grandson Kaliokalani. ʻAikanaka died in 1837. He owned vast tracts of land and they were split in half between his son and daughter, and then his daughter's in thirds to her remaining children. Aikanaka (father of Keohokālole) ʻAikanaka (died 1837) was a high chief of the Kingdom of Hawaii and grandfather of two of Hawaii's future monarchs. His father was Chief Kepoʻokalani and his mother was Keohohiwa.\",\n \"title\": \"Aikanaka (father of Keohokālole)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15595544\",\n \"text\": \"Vajra (king) According to the Mahabharata and the Puranas, Vajra, (in Sanskrit: वज्र or वज्रा), also known as \\\"Vajranabh\\\" (वज्रनाभ्), was one of the last survivors of the Yadu dynasty. He succeeded his father King Aniruddha to the throne of Mathura. He was the great grandson of Shri Krishna and the grandson of Pradyumna. Shri Krishna's wife, Rukmini, gave birth to the great warrior Pradyumna, one of Krishna's prominent sons, who later married the daughter of his maternal uncle Rukmi, Rukmavati. The mighty Aniruddha, was born to them, who married Usha, the Daitya princess. The princess gave birth to Vajra,\",\n \"title\": \"Vajra (king)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349445\",\n \"text\": \"been orphans. Ward's grandfather, David King, was found as a toddler wandering the streets of Baltimore during a yellow fever epidemic in which both his parents presumably died. David knew only his own name and could tell nothing about his parents. He was found in a Baltimore hotel and taken in by a Robert Quigley who had a farm near Shippensburg, Pennsylvania and who had \\\"wagoned\\\" to Baltimore for supplies. While Robert Quigley did rear and educate David King on his Cumberland County, Pennsylvania farm, he did not adopt him, which is why David's last name stayed King. The Quigleys\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14326212\",\n \"text\": \"Craig S. King Craig S. King (born 1953) is a United States lawyer who was General Counsel of the Navy from 1989 to 1993. Craig S. King was born in American Fork, Utah on February 4, 1953. He attended Brigham Young University, graduating with a B.A. in 1977. He then attended the Georgetown University Law Center, receiving a J.D. in 1980. After law school, King became an associate attorney in the Washington, D.C. office of Dewey Ballantine. In 1989, he moved to the Washington, D.C. office of Sidley & Austin. King's practice focused on antitrust counseling and litigation. An active\",\n \"title\": \"Craig S. King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"589112\",\n \"text\": \"by Æthelred. When Æthelberht's grandfather Ecgberht became king of Wessex in 802, it would have seemed very unlikely that he would establish a lasting dynasty. For two hundred years, three families had fought for the West Saxon throne, and no son had followed his father as king. Ecgberht's nearest connection to a previous king of Wessex was as a great-great-grandson of Ingild, brother of King Ine (688–726), but he was believed to be a paternal descendant of Cerdic, the founder of the West Saxon dynasty, which made him an ætheling, a prince who had a legitimate claim to the throne.\",\n \"title\": \"Æthelberht, King of Wessex\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349454\",\n \"text\": \"says 1833). Modern day Littleton & Rue Funeral Home now occupies the Rodgers mansion at 830 North Limestone Street, Springfield, Ohio. Likely on their urging, David and Almena King moved to Springfield as well in 1840. David, a very astute businessman, who was already very well off, proceeded to build a significant portion of early downtown Springfield, which was known for long thereafter as \\\"King's Row\\\". Their daughter, Sarah Jane King, was born to them in Springfield on December 20, 1841. Their daughter Almena Caldwell King was also born there on February 1, 1848. Unfortunately, David King died on August\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6091317\",\n \"text\": \"Æthelric, king of the Hwicce Æthelric was a king of the Hwicce and son of Oshere; it is possible that he reigned jointly with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht. He is known from charters. In 692 he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia S 75, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht, and in 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere S 53 In 706 (S 1174), he granted land with consent of Cenred, King of Mercia; then in 736 (S 89), as \\\"Æthilric subregulus\\\", he witnessed a charter of Æthelbald, King of Mercia; and\",\n \"title\": \"Æthelric, king of the Hwicce\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6091318\",\n \"text\": \"in an undated charter (S 94), he received a grant himself from the same king. His kinsman thegn Osred received a grant in 743 from king Æthelbald in charter S 99. Æthelric, king of the Hwicce Æthelric was a king of the Hwicce and son of Oshere; it is possible that he reigned jointly with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht. He is known from charters. In 692 he witnessed a charter of Æthelred, King of Mercia S 75, together with Æthelheard, Æthelweard, and Æthelberht, and in 693 the four brothers witnessed a charter issued by their father Oshere S 53 In\",\n \"title\": \"Æthelric, king of the Hwicce\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17198839\",\n \"text\": \"original publication. Painter's 1999 history of the Cold War was described as an \\\"excellent\\\", a book that \\\"presents a very good analysis of the end of the Cold War, emphasizing the economic weakness of the Soviet Union and the strains of the arms race upon the Soviet economy.\\\" David S. Painter David S. Painter (born 1948) is an associate professor of international history at Georgetown University. He is a leading scholar of the Cold War and United States foreign policy during the 20th century, with particular emphasis on their relation to oil. Painter studied history at King College (BA 1970),\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Painter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17198834\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Painter David S. Painter (born 1948) is an associate professor of international history at Georgetown University. He is a leading scholar of the Cold War and United States foreign policy during the 20th century, with particular emphasis on their relation to oil. Painter studied history at King College (BA 1970), Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar (BA 1973), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (PhD 1982). In addition to his career in academia, Painter has worked for the Congressional Research Service, the Department of Energy, and the State Department. In 2008, he was a visiting fellow\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Painter\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9764275\",\n \"text\": \"tubes were used, then sterilized, and re-used which often lead to the spread of disease and also a high risk of infection. Sheridan is thus credited with saving thousands of lives. He held more than 50 medical instrument patents and is credited with inventing the modern disposable catheter in the 1940s. In his lifetime he started and sold four catheter companies and was dubbed the \\\"Catheter King\\\" by \\\"Forbes\\\" magazine in 1988. Sheridan died in upstate New York at the age of 95. David S. Sheridan David S. Sheridan (10 July 1908, Brooklyn – 29 April 2004, Argyle, New York)\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Sheridan\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349495\",\n \"text\": \"and did much to look after her mother in her mother's later years. Miriam died on March 28, 1957. As was the case with Lettie Reed King, all of the Ward and Mary's children remained lifelong Presbyterians. Ward's mother, Harriet Adaline Danforth King, died on July 13, 1906 in Springfield, Ohio after a lingering illness. Ward's father, Robert Quigley King, died suddenly on November 26, 1917 in his apartments in the King Building in Springfield. The Springfield newspaper reported his death with a lengthy front-page article that featured a large photo of him. David Ward King and his brother, Robert\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18652748\",\n \"text\": \"David Gruss and Dr. Evelyn Gruss Lipper. His daughter was married to Hollywood producer, author, and former New York City deputy mayor, Kenneth Lipper. Gruss died on July 3, 1993. His grandson, Joshua Carl Gruss married fashion designer Shoshanna Lonstein Gruss. Joseph S. Gruss Joseph Saul Gruss (March 19, 1903 – July 3, 1993) was a Jewish Ukrainian-born American financier, businessman, and philanthropist who supported Jewish education. Joseph Saul Gruss was born on March 19, 1903 to a Jewish family in Lviv, one of seven children. His father, Isaac, was a Talmudic scholar and banker; his mother belonged to a\",\n \"title\": \"Joseph S. Gruss\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12492560\",\n \"text\": \"of robust and nonparametric statistics. Professor Moore was the 1998 President of the American Statistical Association. David S. Moore is a retired (in 2004) Shanti S. Gupta Distinguished Professor of Statistics, Emeritus at Purdue University. Professor Moore has served as the first president of the International Association for Statistical Education. He was the content developer for the Annenberg/Corporation for Public Broadcasting college-level telecourse Against All Odds: Inside Statistics. David S. Moore David Sheldon Moore is an American statistician, who is known for his leadership of statistics education for many decades. David S. Moore received his A.B. from Princeton University and\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Moore\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4340699\",\n \"text\": \"David Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood David Henry George Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood (born 21 October 1950), is a British hereditary peer and film and television producer. He is the first cousin, once removed, of Queen Elizabeth II, the great-grandson of King George V and is 56th in line to the British throne. From his birth in 1950 until he succeeded his father in July 2011, he was known by the courtesy title Viscount Lascelles. Lord Harewood was born at his parents' London house, 2 Orme Square, Bayswater, London, the eldest son of the 7th Earl of Harewood and\",\n \"title\": \"David Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14326213\",\n \"text\": \"Republican, King served as Director of Survey Research for Ronald Reagan's campaign in 1984 and was a senior advisor to George H. W. Bush's campaign in 1988. On August 24, 1989, President of the United States George H. W. Bush nominated King as General Counsel of the Navy. After Senate confirmation, King held this office from November 22, 1989 until January 20, 1993. Upon leaving the Department of the Navy, King joined Arent Fox as a partner. There, his practice has focused on government contracts. Craig S. King Craig S. King (born 1953) is a United States lawyer who was\",\n \"title\": \"Craig S. King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9698244\",\n \"text\": \"Northumbria into his dominion. For Oram, this event was the turning point, \\\"the chance to radically redraw the political map of the British Isles lost forever\\\". England and King David I The relationship between the Kingdom of England and King David I, who was King of Scotland between 1124 and 1153, was partly shaped by David's relationship with the particular King of England, and partly by David's own ambition. David had a good relationship with and was an ally of Henry I of England, the King who was largely responsible for David's early career. After Henry's death, David upheld his\",\n \"title\": \"England and King David I\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9698215\",\n \"text\": \"England and King David I The relationship between the Kingdom of England and King David I, who was King of Scotland between 1124 and 1153, was partly shaped by David's relationship with the particular King of England, and partly by David's own ambition. David had a good relationship with and was an ally of Henry I of England, the King who was largely responsible for David's early career. After Henry's death, David upheld his support for his niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda, and expanded his power in northern England in the process, despite his defeat at the Battle of the\",\n \"title\": \"England and King David I\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13915494\",\n \"text\": \"work, the stately Orange County Courthouse building which is now the headquarters of the Orange County Regional History Center (1927). Constructed of variegated Indiana limestone from the Clear Creek Quarries of the Indiana Limestone Company, the completion of the building was supervised by Murry S. King's son, James B. King. King was the recognized leading architect among a group of architectural firms in Orlando in the 1920s. The others included: Frank L. Bodine, Fred E. Field, Frederick H. Trimble, David Hyer, George E. Krug, Howard M. Reynolds, Ryan and Roberts (Ida Annah Ryan and Isabel Roberts) and Percy P. Turner.\",\n \"title\": \"Murry S. King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10724266\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Mack David S. Mack (born 1941) is an American businessman. Mack was born to a Jewish family, the son of Ruth (nee Kaufman) and H. Bert Mack (1912 - 1992). His father founded the real estate development company, the Mack Company. He has three brothers: Earle I. Mack, Fredric H. Mack, and William L. Mack. Mack graduated from Hofstra University in 1967 with a B.A. degree in Business Administration. Mack is senior partner of The Mack Company, a real estate development firm, and is a director of Mack-Cali Realty Corporation, a real estate investment trust (REIT). Mack serves\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Mack\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7877971\",\n \"text\": \"between the British kingdoms is made clear as King Gorfyddyd of Powys does not attend and King Gundleus of Siluria is tardy. Uther makes it clear that no man, other than his grandson Mordred, will sit on the throne of Dumnonia. Since Mordred is only a baby, he appoints three guardians (King Tewdric of Gwent; Owain, Champion of Dumnonia; and Merlin) and also a foster father to Mordred, who will marry the Princess Norwenna. Agricola, champion of Gwent, proposes Arthur, but the Uther disowns Arthur, whom he blames for the death of his heir, as his son. King Gundleus is\",\n \"title\": \"The Winter King (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349462\",\n \"text\": \"Snyder Park, which would have been just down Buck Creek from his childhood home at the King Homestead. Robert Q. King married Miss Harriet A. Danforth at New Albany, Indiana on January 15, 1857. To them were born five children: David Ward King on October 27, 1857; Dr. Thomas Danforth King, who was born on July 20, 1859 and who died December 23, 1889; Robert Leffler King, who was born on August 24, 1863; Almena Adaline King (Warrick), who was born on September 17, 1869; and Margaret \\\"Madge\\\" Caldwell King, who was born on February 13, 1873 and who died\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"589081\",\n \"text\": \"of Wessex in 802, it would have seemed very unlikely that he would establish a lasting dynasty. For two hundred years, three families had fought for the West Saxon throne, and no son had followed his father as king. Ecgberht's nearest connection to a king of Wessex was as a great-great-grandson of Ingild, brother of King Ine (688–726), but he was believed to be a paternal descendant of Cerdic, the founder of the West Saxon dynasty, which made him an ætheling, a prince who had a legitimate claim to the throne. But in the ninth and tenth centuries Ecgberht's line\",\n \"title\": \"Æthelbald, King of Wessex\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15617231\",\n \"text\": \"the year 240 BC Alexander was still loyal to his nephew Seleucus II Callinicus, as he was the governor of Lydia, based at Sardis. In the civil war between Seleucus II Callinicus and his brother Antiochus Hierax, Alexander supported his second nephew, and held Sardis against attacks by Seleucus II. After the end of the civil war, nothing is known on Alexander. His namesake was his great-nephew Seleucus III Ceraunus, whose name was Alexander until he succeeded his father Seleucus II Callinicus as King in 225 BC. Alexander (grandson of Seleucus I Nicator) Alexander (; flourished 3rd century BC) was\",\n \"title\": \"Alexander (grandson of Seleucus I Nicator)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10872926\",\n \"text\": \"His tomb was ordered by the Pope to be placed in the cathedral of Lausanne. Otto de Grandson Otto de Grandson, also spelled Otton, Othon or Otho (c. 1238–1328), was the most prominent of the Savoyard knights in the service of Edward I, King of England. He was the closest personal friend of Edward, and shared the king's many interests. The son of Pierre, lord of Grandson near Lausanne, the young Otto travelled to England probably in the company of Peter II of Savoy in 1252, certainly not later than 1265. There he entered the service of King Henry III\",\n \"title\": \"Otto de Grandson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10872917\",\n \"text\": \"Otto de Grandson Otto de Grandson, also spelled Otton, Othon or Otho (c. 1238–1328), was the most prominent of the Savoyard knights in the service of Edward I, King of England. He was the closest personal friend of Edward, and shared the king's many interests. The son of Pierre, lord of Grandson near Lausanne, the young Otto travelled to England probably in the company of Peter II of Savoy in 1252, certainly not later than 1265. There he entered the service of King Henry III and by 1267 was placed in the household of Prince Edward. In return for likely\",\n \"title\": \"Otto de Grandson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12492559\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Moore David Sheldon Moore is an American statistician, who is known for his leadership of statistics education for many decades. David S. Moore received his A.B. from Princeton University and the Ph.D. from Cornell University in mathematics. In statistics education, David S. Moore is the author of a series of influential textbooks in statistical science, which use only high school algebra: \\\"Introduction to the Practice of Statistics\\\" (with George McCabe), of \\\"An Introduction to the Basic Practice of Statistics\\\", and of \\\"Statistics: Concepts and Controversies\\\". In statistical science, David S. Moore has done research in the asymptotic theory\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Moore\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349457\",\n \"text\": \"Ward's father gave him the middle name of \\\"Ward\\\", and Ward went by that middle name all his life. One family account credits Isaac Ward with having been particularly helpful to the King family after the death of David King. Isaac Ward also sold a large tract of his land to Wittenberg College, which now forms the eastern part of its campus and is the reason the main road through present day Wittenberg University is Ward Street. The King Homestead was out in the country when first built, which was to get her boys away from the reported 122 saloons\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11925272\",\n \"text\": \"and the Chateau d'Autet in the Luberon, Provence. His father, the 1st Earl of Snowdon, died on 13 January 2017 and he inherited his titles, thus becoming the 2nd Earl of Snowdon and Viscount Linley. David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon David Albert Charles Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon (born 3 November 1961), styled as Viscount Linley until 2017 and known professionally as David Linley, is an English furniture maker and a former chairman of the auction house Christie's UK. The son of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, he is therefore a grandson of King George\",\n \"title\": \"David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14714113\",\n \"text\": \"In medieval Europe, the son was commonly sent for a blanket and came back with half, justifying it by saying the other half is saved for his father. In an Asian version, the father weaves a basket to throw his aged father into the river. A son says to bring back the basket so that it can be used for the father one day. The Old Man and his Grandson \\\"The Old Man and his Grandson\\\" is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm in \\\"Grimm's Fairy Tales\\\" as tale number 78. It is Aarne-Thompson type 980B, The\",\n \"title\": \"The Old Man and his Grandson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15595554\",\n \"text\": \"shrine Madan Mohan Temple-Vrindavan to Karauli in Rajasthan for safe keeping during Aurangzeb's rule. Today, a replica of the image is worshiped at the temple in Vrindavan. Vajra (king) According to the Mahabharata and the Puranas, Vajra, (in Sanskrit: वज्र or वज्रा), also known as \\\"Vajranabh\\\" (वज्रनाभ्), was one of the last survivors of the Yadu dynasty. He succeeded his father King Aniruddha to the throne of Mathura. He was the great grandson of Shri Krishna and the grandson of Pradyumna. Shri Krishna's wife, Rukmini, gave birth to the great warrior Pradyumna, one of Krishna's prominent sons, who later married\",\n \"title\": \"Vajra (king)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17948170\",\n \"text\": \"David A. King (historian) David A. King (born 1941) is a British-born orientalist and historian of astronomy. At an early age he decided not to follow in the footsteps of his father, Henry C. King (1915 - 2005), author of \\\"The History of the Telescope\\\" (1956) and the first director of the London Planetarium and later of the McClaughlin Planetarium in Toronto. Instead he learned Arabic and went off to the Near East and then to the U.S to immerse himself in Medieval Islamic Studies. However, after one year of graduate school he found himself, not unwillingly, deeply entrenched in\",\n \"title\": \"David A. King (historian)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17948190\",\n \"text\": \"unique testimonial to an intercultural encounter”, \\\"Suhayl\\\" 3 (2002/03): 9-156 “The cult of St. Wilgefortis in Flanders, Holland, England and France”, in \\\"Am Kreuz – Eine Frau\\\", in \\\"Ästhetik – Theologie – Liturgik\\\" (Münster), 26 (2003): 55-97 David A. King (historian) David A. King (born 1941) is a British-born orientalist and historian of astronomy. At an early age he decided not to follow in the footsteps of his father, Henry C. King (1915 - 2005), author of \\\"The History of the Telescope\\\" (1956) and the first director of the London Planetarium and later of the McClaughlin Planetarium in Toronto. Instead\",\n \"title\": \"David A. King (historian)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13679008\",\n \"text\": \"I Was the King, I Really Was the King I Was the King, I Really Was the King is the second album by British alternative rock band Animals That Swim, released in June 1996 via Elemental Records. Its title is taken from a line in the book \\\"This is Orson Welles\\\". \\\"I Was the King, I Really Was the King\\\" received mixed to positive reviews upon release. Allmusic's Ned Raggett saw the LP as a natural progression from the band's debut album, \\\"Workshy\\\", but more energetic and \\\"pop-friendly\\\". He drew musical comparisons with Marc Almond's solo material and the songs\",\n \"title\": \"I Was the King, I Really Was the King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20768945\",\n \"text\": \"Father of the Year (film) Father of the Year is an American comedy film directed by Tyler Spindel. The film stars David Spade, Nat Faxon, Bridgit Mendler, Joey Bragg, Matt Shively, and Jared Sandler. The film was released on July 20, 2018 by Netflix. In July 2017, it was announced that David Spade, Nat Faxon, Bridgit Mendler, Joey Bragg, Matt Shively, and Jackie Sandler would star in \\\"Who Do You Think Would Win?\\\" for Netflix. The film was eventually re-titled \\\"Graduates\\\" and then later \\\"Father of the Year\\\". Principal photography took place in Boston and Hudson, MA in June 2017.\",\n \"title\": \"Father of the Year (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9697990\",\n \"text\": \"Senlis, died. Possibly as a result of this, and while David was still in southern England, Scotland-proper rose up in arms against him. The instigator was his half-brother Máel Coluim, who now had the support of Óengus of Moray, King or Mormaer of Moray. King Óengus was David's most powerful \\\"vassal\\\", a man who, as grandson of King Lulach of Scotland, even had his own claim to the kingdom. The rebel Scots had advanced into Angus when they were met by David's Mercian constable, Edward; a battle took place at Stracathro near Brechin. According to the \\\"Annals of Ulster\\\", 1000\",\n \"title\": \"Political and military events in Scotland during the reign of David I\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4902820\",\n \"text\": \"the 1177 revolt to restore Demna, who was now adult, to his rightful position. Georgian chronicles say David’s reign lasted for six months, but carefully avoid any mention of the circumstances of his death. David V of Georgia David V (, \\\"Davit' V\\\") (died 1155), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Georgia c. 1154/5. He was an elder son of King Demetre I. Fearing that Demetre would make his younger son Giorgi an heir to the throne, David attempted a revolt in 1130. Ultimately, he forced his father to abdicate and David became a king in 1154 or\",\n \"title\": \"David V of Georgia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15597786\",\n \"text\": \"on opposite sides of the world on the same day, opening in America and China simultaneously. Since that time, King has domineered the market in Asia, Australia and Europe with his various theatrical productions. David King was born in the Alwoodley district of Leeds, the only son of Stanley and Trudie King. His parents were both musical hall performers, having met when his father worked as a music hall comedian and his mother was a dancer. From the age of seven, King was considered a classical prodigy on the piano and gave concerts in Leeds Town Hall. However, at 12\",\n \"title\": \"David King (theatre producer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9246558\",\n \"text\": \"David King (figure skater) David King (born 8 May 1984) is an English former competitive pair skater who represented Great Britain. With partner and now wife Stacey King (née Kemp), he is an eight-time British national champion. David King was born on 8 May 1984 in Carlisle, Cumbria. He became engaged to Stacey Kemp in 2010. They married in April 2016. Originally a skier, King began skating at age ten. He teamed up with Kemp in 2003. The pair began appearing internationally in the 2004–05 season. After competing on the Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series, they placed 11th at the\",\n \"title\": \"David King (figure skater)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349491\",\n \"text\": \"that there was a time when she came upon another family member having a beer. After she finished telling him in no uncertain terms what she thought about that, the two of them remained thereafter permanently estranged. However, she and Ward, the great promoter of his world changing invention, were undoubtedly the perfect pair. David Ward and Mary Wylie King had four children, who were all born in Maitland, Missouri. They were Lettie Reed King, who was born on December 29, 1881; Robert Quigley King, who was born on December 11, 1886; Miriam Danforth King, who was born on October\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9105149\",\n \"text\": \"David Sinton Ingalls David Sinton Ingalls (January 28, 1899 – April 26, 1985) was the US Navy's only flying ace of World War I, with six credited victories; thus he was the first ace in U. S. Navy history. Ingalls was born on January 28, 1899 in Cleveland, Ohio. He was the son of Albert S. Ingalls and Jane (née Taft) Ingalls (1874–1962). His mother was the niece of U.S. President William Howard Taft. David was the grandson of railroad executive Melville E. Ingalls. and the great-grandson of industrialist David Sinton, for whom he was named. Ingalls received his secondary\",\n \"title\": \"David Sinton Ingalls\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349450\",\n \"text\": \"Tarlton on October 22, 1834. He went all his life by his middle name of \\\"Noble\\\". The Kings named him after their country neighbor, Samuel Noble, who had come from Emmitsburg, Maryland to become one of the first settlers of Tarlton and who had a large farm just south of Tarlton. Mary Elizabeth King, was born to David and Almena in Tarlton on April 1, 1837, and David King, Jr., later to become a Civil War colonel, was born in Tarlton on September 11, 1839. As time passed, Tarlton began to lose some of its importance. The state capital was\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13679011\",\n \"text\": \"Greenhouse\\\" and \\\"East St O'Neill\\\" as standout tracks, and ended his review with a short summation of the album's overall sound; \\\"Horns parp convincingly, guitars swagger rather than stagger, choruses seem to have some idea of where they want to be in 30 seconds' time and Animals That Swim emerge as – gasp! – actual, potential pop stars\\\". I Was the King, I Really Was the King I Was the King, I Really Was the King is the second album by British alternative rock band Animals That Swim, released in June 1996 via Elemental Records. Its title is taken from\",\n \"title\": \"I Was the King, I Really Was the King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349473\",\n \"text\": \"from the farm a lot was not something city-bred Ward considered to be disagreeable. In fact, his son David Bryant King had pretty much taken over operation of the farm by the time he reached eighteen. Leffler, after many years on his Hancock County farm, was finally able to move back to Springfield to help his father manage the family's considerable real estate holdings during his father's declining years. Like his brother, his son Edwin Askam King pretty much took over the operation of Grassland Farm. Although separated by distance, the brothers always remained very close, and they constantly worked\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18468766\",\n \"text\": \"David King (defensive end) David King (born December 27, 1989) is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the seventh round of the 2013 NFL Draft after playing college football at Oklahoma. King was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the seventh round (239th) of the 2013 NFL draft. On October 22, 2013, King was signed to the practice squad. On January 6, 2014, he was signed a future contract. On August 30, 2014, King was waived by the Eagles. On August 31, he was signed to the\",\n \"title\": \"David King (defensive end)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20406746\",\n \"text\": \"Raincoat Man has been stealing all the children's candy, so Pumpkins decides to intervene. They try to confront the Raincoat Man in a haunted house, who turns out to be three pre-teens who had bullied Kevin. Pumpkins returns the candy using magical floating pumpkins, and he and the skeletons depart. The character David S. Pumpkins was created for the October 22, 2016, episode of season 42 of \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\", hosted by Hanks. The sketch \\\"Haunted Elevator (featuring David S. Pumpkins)\\\" became widely shared, with over 10 million views on YouTube. NBC announced on September 28, 2017, that \\\"The Halloween\",\n \"title\": \"The David S. Pumpkins Halloween Special\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14714112\",\n \"text\": \"grandson played with wood as well and said that he was making a trough for his parents to eat from when they were old. After that, they let him eat at the table again and did not complain about the spill. The bowl was described as costing a few heller. Other tales of this type vary on the exact offense that the grandson declares he will commit and the son thereafter refrains from: making his father sleep under half a blanket in the stables, bringing back the carrier so he can carry his father to abandon him, or commit murder.\",\n \"title\": \"The Old Man and his Grandson\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6174799\",\n \"text\": \"father-in-law. His cousin was Ulysses S. Grant IV, the son of Ulysses S. Grant, Jr. Source: \\\"U.S. Army Register\\\", 1946. Ulysses S. Grant III Ulysses Simpson Grant III (July 4, 1881August 29, 1968) was a United States Army officer and planner. He was the son of Frederick Dent Grant, and the grandson of General of the Army and U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant. Grant was born in Chicago, as a grandson of President and General Ulysses S. Grant and educated in Austria, where his father was an American diplomat. He attended Columbia University until 1898 when he received an appointment\",\n \"title\": \"Ulysses S. Grant III\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349456\",\n \"text\": \"Isaac Ward cut building stone from these cliffs, at the location of present-day Cliff Park in Springfield, that later became part of many of the early buildings in Springfield. There was only the Limestone Street footbridge across Buck Creek at the time Almena King built the King Homestead, and that footbridge was more than a block upstream. She bought this land from Robert Quigley's grandson-in-law, Isaac Ward, who lived across the street on present-day Fountain (then Market). The Isaac Ward Mansion still stands today and is still occupied. The Kings and the Quigley descendants remained very close, which is why\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1311965\",\n \"text\": \"his life. As there is little documented evidence, historians can only guess at most of David's activities in this period. David was born on a date unknown in 1084 in Scotland. He was probably the eighth son of King Malcolm III, and certainly the sixth and youngest born by Malcolm's second wife, Margaret of Wessex. He was the grandson of the ill-fated King Duncan I. In 1093 King Máel Coluim and David's brother Edward were killed at the River Aln during an invasion of Northumberland. David and his two brothers Alexander and Edgar, both future kings of Scotland, were probably\",\n \"title\": \"David I of Scotland\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18796268\",\n \"text\": \"of the same cast and crew. The narrative follows David's life from the time he was a boy shepherd to his death as the aged King of Israel.<br>Part 1: David and King Saul relates the exploits of the young David (Bottoms) and his relations with King Saul (Quayle). It begins with David as a humble shepherd who becomes harp player to the King who is distraught after the prophet Samuel has chastised him for failing to follow the instructions of the Israelite god, Yahweh, in a battle. Samuel informs Saul that Yahweh will anoint another king in his place. Saul\",\n \"title\": \"The Story of David\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13915491\",\n \"text\": \"Murry S. King Murry S. King (1870–1927) (often spelled \\\"Murray\\\") was Florida's first registered architect, a noted American architect with a successful practice in Orlando, Florida, in the 1910s and 1920s. King was born on July 13, 1870 in East Deer Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, the son of Robert and Mary King. He moved to Orlando from Pennsylvania in 1904. King was a charter member of the Florida State Association of Architects and served on the Florida State Board of Architecture. He was a member of the American Institute of Architects. In 1890 Murry S. King married Ruth\",\n \"title\": \"Murry S. King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4874566\",\n \"text\": \"Perry King Perry Firestone King (born April 30, 1948) is an American actor. He is best known for his role in the television series \\\"Riptide\\\" (1984–1986). King received a Golden Globe nomination for his role in the television film \\\"The Hasty Heart\\\" (1983), which is a remake of the 1949 film of the same name. King was born in Alliance, Ohio; his father was a physician. His maternal grandfather was Maxwell Perkins, a well-known editor for the publishing house Charles Scribner's Sons. Through Perkins, King is the great-great-grandson of U.S. Senator William M. Evarts and the great-great-great-great-grandson of Roger Sherman,\",\n \"title\": \"Perry King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4874570\",\n \"text\": \"Golden Globe Awards Perry King Perry Firestone King (born April 30, 1948) is an American actor. He is best known for his role in the television series \\\"Riptide\\\" (1984–1986). King received a Golden Globe nomination for his role in the television film \\\"The Hasty Heart\\\" (1983), which is a remake of the 1949 film of the same name. King was born in Alliance, Ohio; his father was a physician. His maternal grandfather was Maxwell Perkins, a well-known editor for the publishing house Charles Scribner's Sons. Through Perkins, King is the great-great-grandson of U.S. Senator William M. Evarts and the great-great-great-great-grandson\",\n \"title\": \"Perry King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18468768\",\n \"text\": \"2016. He was waived on December 30, 2016 and was re-signed back to the practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Chiefs on January 19, 2017. On September 1, 2017, King was traded to the Tennessee Titans for a 2018 seventh round draft pick. On September 1, 2018, King was released by the Titans. David King (defensive end) David King (born December 27, 1989) is an American football defensive end who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the seventh round of the 2013 NFL Draft after playing college football at Oklahoma.\",\n \"title\": \"David King (defensive end)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3102444\",\n \"text\": \"Fisher King, but only the chosen can accomplish the feat. This is Percival alone in the earlier stories; in later versions, he is joined by Galahad and Bors. Many later works have two wounded \\\"Grail Kings\\\" who live in the same castle, a father and son (or grandfather and grandson). The more seriously wounded father stays in the castle, sustained by the Grail alone, while the more active son can meet with guests and go fishing. For the purposes of clarity in the remainder of this article, where both appear, the father will be called the Wounded King, the son\",\n \"title\": \"Fisher King\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9017921\",\n \"text\": \"1991 a master's degree in business administration from the Florida Institute of Technology. David A. King (engineer) David Arnold King is an American engineer who was the tenth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama. He was appointed to the position on June 15, 2003. He announced his retirement from NASA on March 26, 2009. Soon thereafter, King started in the position of Executive Vice President at Dynetics, Inc., a Huntsville-based defense contractor. He was promoted to President in 2013 and then to CEO in 2015. King joined NASA in 1983 as a main propulsion\",\n \"title\": \"David A. King (engineer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9017919\",\n \"text\": \"David A. King (engineer) David Arnold King is an American engineer who was the tenth Director of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center located in Huntsville, Alabama. He was appointed to the position on June 15, 2003. He announced his retirement from NASA on March 26, 2009. Soon thereafter, King started in the position of Executive Vice President at Dynetics, Inc., a Huntsville-based defense contractor. He was promoted to President in 2013 and then to CEO in 2015. King joined NASA in 1983 as a main propulsion system engineer. In subsequent roles, he also served as vehicle manager and flow\",\n \"title\": \"David A. King (engineer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8120840\",\n \"text\": \"David King Murray, Lord Birnam Sir Thomas David King Murray, Lord Birnam, (29 March 1884 – 5 June 1955) was a Scottish advocate and judge who served for two years as Unionist Member of Parliament (MP). King Murray was born on 29 March 1884, the son of James Murray of Greenknowe, Bothwell, Lanrkshire who was a merchant in Glasgow. He was educated at Hamilton Academy and the Glasgow High School. He graduated from the University of Glasgow with an MA in 1904, a BSc in 1905 and an LLB in 1908. King Murray was trained as a solicitor in Glasgow\",\n \"title\": \"David King Murray, Lord Birnam\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20246190\",\n \"text\": \"David S. Traub David S. Traub (September 6, 1941, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American architect, author and playwright based in Philadelphia. David S. Traub, a native of Louisville Kentucky, studied architecture and city planning at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and the University of Pennsylvania School of Design where he received a Masters of Architecture degree. At Penn in 1964, he studied in the Master's Class of the famous architect, Louis I. Kahn, with students who had gathered from around the world. During the Vietnam War, Traub served in the Corps of Engineers in Honolulu working as an architect\",\n \"title\": \"David S. Traub\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12349507\",\n \"text\": \"David Ward King and his King Road Drag? David Ward King David Ward King (October 27, 1857 – February 9, 1920) was an American farmer and inventor of the King road drag. His invention, which was the horse-drawn forerunner of the modern road grader, had a great influence on American life because his invention improved the widespread dirt roads of his day to the extent that they could accommodate the advent of the automobile, rural mail delivery and mail order catalogues. King was often referred to then and now as \\\"the Missouri farmer\\\", which he was. However, he was born,\",\n \"title\": \"David Ward King\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["solomon"],"string":"[\n \"solomon\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":897,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"when was the last time the oakland raiders won the super bowl?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"20668818","text":"losing seasons in 1979 and 1980 and the Raiders won Super Bowl XV in 1980 as the first wild-card team to win the Super Bowl, their fortunes were about to change. In 1980, Raiders owner Al Davis's failure to get luxury boxes added to the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum resulted in a hard-fought legal battle that made 1981 the Raiders' last year in Oakland. That same year, the 49ers with Montana under center led a dramatic comeback in the NFC championship to earn their first ever Super Bowl appearance, which they won against the Cincinnati Bengals. In 1982, the defending Super","title":"49ers–Raiders rivalry"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20668818\",\n \"text\": \"losing seasons in 1979 and 1980 and the Raiders won Super Bowl XV in 1980 as the first wild-card team to win the Super Bowl, their fortunes were about to change. In 1980, Raiders owner Al Davis's failure to get luxury boxes added to the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum resulted in a hard-fought legal battle that made 1981 the Raiders' last year in Oakland. That same year, the 49ers with Montana under center led a dramatic comeback in the NFC championship to earn their first ever Super Bowl appearance, which they won against the Cincinnati Bengals. In 1982, the defending Super\",\n \"title\": \"49ers–Raiders rivalry\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"305563","text":"Bay Packers in Super Bowl II. The Raiders have won a total of 3 Super Bowls. They won their first Super Bowl under John Madden, and their next two with Tom Flores. When the team was founded in 1960, the \"Oakland Tribune\" held a name-the-team contest. The winning name was the Oakland Señors. After a few days of being the butt of local jokes (and accusations that the contest was fixed, as Chet Soda was fairly well known within the Oakland business community for calling his acquaintances \"señor\"), the fledgling team (and its owners) changed the team's name nine days","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"9862662","text":"most successful in a decade. Led by veteran quarterback Rich Gannon, Oakland won their first division title since 1990, and advanced to the AFC Championship, where they lost 16–3 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens. The Raiders acquired all-time leading receiver Jerry Rice prior to the 2001 season. They finished 10-6 and won a second straight AFC West title but lost their divisional-round playoff game to the eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots, in a controversial game that became known as \"The Tuck Rule Game.\" The game was played in a heavy snowstorm, and late in the","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"10587844","text":"Rose Bowl, the Raiders won Super Bowl XI by defeating the Minnesota Vikings 32–14. The victory had the Raiders compile a spectacular 16–1 overall record. In 2012, the 1976 Oakland Raiders were named the greatest team of all time by NFL.com's \"Bracketology\"; a 15-day, six-round fan vote tournament that featured the 64 greatest teams from the Super Bowl era. Oakland beat the 2000 Baltimore Ravens in the final round by a .8% margin. The Road to their first World Championship began on opening day as they faced the reigning world champion Pittsburgh Steelers. In their home opener, Oakland trailed 28–14","title":"1976 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"12844618","text":"2009 Oakland Raiders season The 2009 Oakland Raiders season was the 50th season for the original American Football League team, and its 40th in the NFL. On September 6, 2009, The Raiders traded a 2011 draft pick to the New England Patriots for ×5 Pro Bowl Defensive Lineman Richard Seymour. With their loss to Dallas on November 26, 2009, The Raiders sealed their seventh consecutive losing season. After beating the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 6, 2009, the Raiders moved to 4–0 when playing Pittsburgh the year they won the Super Bowl, or are the defending Champions, winning in 1974, 1980,","title":"2009 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"10587843","text":"1976 Oakland Raiders season The 1976 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 17th season, and 7th in the National Football League. After having appeared in the three previous AFC Championship Games – and having lost all three—the 1976 Raiders finally won the conference championship, and went on to win their first Super Bowl. After posting a 13–1 regular season record and winning their sixth AFC West championship in seven seasons, the Raiders rolled to victories against the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers to achieve the second Super Bowl berth in team history. Then on January 9, 1977, at the","title":"1976 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"305520","text":"winning their second Super Bowl and becoming the first team to ever win the Super Bowl after getting into the playoffs as the wild card team. In 1980, Al Davis attempted unsuccessfully to have improvements made to the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, specifically the addition of luxury boxes. That year, he signed a memorandum of agreement to move the Raiders from Oakland to Los Angeles. The move, which required three-fourths approval by league owners, was defeated 22–0 (with five owners abstaining). When Davis tried to move the team anyway, he was blocked by an injunction. In response, the Raiders not only","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"12147840","text":"Game. 1973 Oakland Raiders season The 1973 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 14th season, and fourth in the National Football League. In Week Two of the regular season, the Raiders defeated the Miami Dolphins, snapping Miami's 18-game winning-streak including a perfect season in 1972. For the third time in four seasons, the Raiders won the AFC West title. They exacted a measure of revenge by defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Division Round game, one year following the Immaculate Reception loss. But the Raiders failed to reach the Super Bowl as they lost to Miami in the AFC","title":"1973 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"12147839","text":"1973 Oakland Raiders season The 1973 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 14th season, and fourth in the National Football League. In Week Two of the regular season, the Raiders defeated the Miami Dolphins, snapping Miami's 18-game winning-streak including a perfect season in 1972. For the third time in four seasons, the Raiders won the AFC West title. They exacted a measure of revenge by defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Division Round game, one year following the Immaculate Reception loss. But the Raiders failed to reach the Super Bowl as they lost to Miami in the AFC Championship","title":"1973 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"18084530","text":"season and failed to qualify for the playoffs. The Panthers fell to 6–10 and finished in last place in the NFC South. The Broncos fell to 9–7 and came in third place in the AFC West. This was the first time the defending AFC and NFC champions would both miss the playoffs since the 2003 season, after Super Bowl XXXVII, when neither the Oakland Raiders nor the Tampa Bay Buccaneers qualified for the postseason, and the fifth time overall. Super Bowl 50 Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL)","title":"Super Bowl 50"},{"psg_id":"12147849","text":"playoffs as a wild card in 1977 and won the divisional playoffs in a game against the Baltimore Colts when Errol Mann tied the game with a field goal. In the second overtime, Dave Casper caught another touchdown pass for the victory. The following week, they lost the AFC Championship Game 20–17 in Denver. 1977 Oakland Raiders season The 1977 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 18th season overall, and 8th season since joining the NFL. The Raiders entered the season as the defending Super Bowl champions. The 1977 Raiders reached the AFC Championship Game for the fifth consecutive season,","title":"1977 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"305515","text":"a criminal for the hit. The Raiders won 13 regular season games and a close controversial 21–17 victory over New England in the divisional playoffs. With the Patriots up by three points in final two minutes, referee Ben Dreith called roughing the passer on New England's Ray \"Sugar Bear\" Hamilton after he hit Oakland QB Ken Stabler. The Raiders went on to score a touchdown in the final minute to win. They then defeated the Steelers 24–7 in the AFC Championship to advance to their second Super Bowl. In Super Bowl XI, Oakland's opponent was the Minnesota Vikings, a team","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"394012","text":"Valuable Player (MVP). Among the wide receivers who have won the Super Bowl MVP, Biletnikoff is the only one to not have gained 100 yards in his performance. The NFL awarded Super Bowl XI to Pasadena, California on March 19, 1975 at the owners' meetings held in Honolulu. This game marked the second Super Bowl appearance for the Oakland Raiders, who lost Super Bowl II. Two years after their Super Bowl loss, the Raiders hired John Madden as their head coach. Under Madden, the Raiders had posted in his 8 seasons an 83–22–7 record (counting ties, this was a .772","title":"Super Bowl XI"},{"psg_id":"12304579","text":"of the Seahawks. This was only the fourth time this has occurred. The other three times were in Super Bowl III (Weeb Ewbank's New York Jets vs. Ewbank's former team, Don Shula's Baltimore Colts), Super Bowl XXXIII (Dan Reeves's Atlanta Falcons vs. Mike Shanahan's Denver Broncos), and Super Bowl XXXVII (Jon Gruden's Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Gruden's former team, Bill Callahan's Oakland Raiders). The only previous time that the old coach's former team had won was in Super Bowl XXXIII. The Patriots had also appeared in the only other Super Bowl to be held at University of Phoenix Stadium to","title":"Super Bowl XLIX"},{"psg_id":"10764186","text":"in 1966. The 1965 season was the first of sixteen consecutive winning seasons for the Raiders. It is also notable for the debut of Hall of Fame wide receiver Fred Biletnikoff. Biletnikoff would be the first of several legendary Raiders drafted in the late-1960s and early 1970s. He would be an integral part of the team's 1967 and 1976 Super Bowl runs. The season was also the team's last at Frank Youell Field. They would move to the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum for the following season. 1965 Oakland Raiders season The 1965 Oakland Raiders season was the team's sixth in both","title":"1965 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"10764245","text":"of AFL play. The season would end with an upset loss to the eventual Super Bowl champion Kansas City Chiefs in the 1969 AFL Championship Game. Additionally, the season marked the debut of Hall-of-Fame head coach John Madden. Madden would lead the Raiders to seven division titles, seven AFL/AFC Championship Games, and a Super Bowl championship before leaving in 1978. He would post a 112–39–7 regular season record over this span. Kansas City Chiefs 17, Oakland Raiders 7 1969 Oakland Raiders season The 1969 Oakland Raiders season was the team's tenth as a franchise, and tenth in both Oakland and","title":"1969 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"394355","text":"the last one from either team, as the defenses of both teams took over for the rest of the game – especially the 49ers' defense, who intercepted Marino twice. Overall, San Francisco gained a Super Bowl-record 537 yards, breaking the Oakland Raiders' record of 429 yards in Super Bowl XI, while limiting Miami to 314, with just 25 rushing yards. San Francisco's 38 points also tied a Super Bowl record set by the Raiders in Super Bowl XVIII. The 49ers' 288 offensive yards in the first half also tied the Raiders in Super Bowl XI for the most offensive yards","title":"Super Bowl XIX"},{"psg_id":"12147841","text":"1974 Oakland Raiders season The 1974 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 15th season in Oakland and fifth in the National Football League. The team would post a superb 12–2 record; the campaign's two losses would be by a total of four points. The Raiders' record (the team's best since 1969) would ensure their fourth AFC West title in five years. For the second straight campaign, the Raiders exacted revenge upon the team that had eliminated them in the prior year's playoffs. This time, Oakland toppled the two-time defending Super Bowl champion Miami Dolphins, by a score of 28–26, in","title":"1974 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"1491943","text":"won a playoff game since. Super Bowl XXXVII Super Bowl XXXVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2002 season. The Buccaneers defeated the Raiders by the score of 48–21, tied with Super Bowl XXXV for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory, and winning their first ever Super Bowl. The game, played on January 26, 2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, was the sixth Super Bowl to be held","title":"Super Bowl XXXVII"},{"psg_id":"10650578","text":"was also their last season in Oakland until 1995 and their losing record snapped a streak of 16 consecutive winning seasons. 1981 Oakland Raiders season The 1981 Oakland Raiders season began with the team trying to improve on their 11–5 record from 1980. The Raiders went 7–9 and became the fourth team in NFL history to enter a season as the defending Super Bowl champions and miss the playoffs. The 1981 Raiders set an NFL record by being shut out three consecutive times. The passing game fell off badly being 26th and throwing 28 interceptions. After the defense led the","title":"1981 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"14179243","text":"game televised in the market in 2010 (ironically, the Chiefs are actually the Raiders' eastern-most division rivals). 2010 Oakland Raiders season The 2010 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 41st season in the National Football League and their 51st overall. It also marked the last full season under the ownership of Al Davis, who died in October 2011. The Raiders had improved from a five-win season, their first since 2002, and achieved their first non-losing season since losing Super Bowl XXXVII on January 26, 2003. However, the team missed the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season. The Raiders picked 8th","title":"2010 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"12147848","text":"1977 Oakland Raiders season The 1977 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 18th season overall, and 8th season since joining the NFL. The Raiders entered the season as the defending Super Bowl champions. The 1977 Raiders reached the AFC Championship Game for the fifth consecutive season, and their sixth time in eight years. They lost the AFC Championship, however, to the division rival Denver Broncos. The 1977 Raiders set a professional football record with 681 rushing attempts. Fullback Mark van Eeghen 324 times for 1273 yards, and running back Clarence Davis ran 194 times for 787 yards. Oakland made the","title":"1977 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"12403037","text":"1999 Oakland Raiders season The 1999 Oakland Raiders season was their 40th in the league. They matched their previous season's output of 8–8. Thirteen of the team's sixteen games were decided by a touchdown or less, and none of the Raiders' eight losses were by more than a touchdown. The season saw the team acquire quarterback Rich Gannon, who had his best seasons with the Raiders, being named MVP in 2002 and leading the team to a Super Bowl, that same season. His following two seasons after the Super Bowl were ruined by injuries and he was forced to retire","title":"1999 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"11532436","text":"York Jets and Mike Shanahan of the Denver Broncos were all let go from their respective programs. Gary Kubiak of the Houston Texans was the only head coach to lose to the Oakland Raiders in the 2008 season and keep his job. 2008 Oakland Raiders season The 2008 Oakland Raiders season was the team's forty-ninth season. The Raiders improved upon their 4–12 record from 2007. This was also the first time in four seasons that the team did not play both contestants from the previous Super Bowl, playing the New England Patriots, but not the New York Giants. This was","title":"2008 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"14179207","text":"2010 Oakland Raiders season The 2010 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 41st season in the National Football League and their 51st overall. It also marked the last full season under the ownership of Al Davis, who died in October 2011. The Raiders had improved from a five-win season, their first since 2002, and achieved their first non-losing season since losing Super Bowl XXXVII on January 26, 2003. However, the team missed the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season. The Raiders picked 8th in the 2010 NFL Draft. There were no blacked-out home games after the early part of the","title":"2010 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"394285","text":"was held in that city. This would be the AFC's last Super Bowl win until Super Bowl XXXII, won by the Denver Broncos. The Redskins entered the game as the defending Super Bowl XVII champions, and finished the 1983 regular season with a league-best 14–2 record, and led the league in fewest rushing yards allowed, and set a then-NFL record in scoring with 541 points. The Raiders posted a 12-4 regular season record in 1983, their second in Los Angeles, having moved there from Oakland in May 1982. As the favored team, the Redskins' 38–9 defeat at the hands of","title":"Super Bowl XVIII"},{"psg_id":"11532409","text":"2008 Oakland Raiders season The 2008 Oakland Raiders season was the team's forty-ninth season. The Raiders improved upon their 4–12 record from 2007. This was also the first time in four seasons that the team did not play both contestants from the previous Super Bowl, playing the New England Patriots, but not the New York Giants. This was also the first time in five seasons the club did not finish 4th in their division, but stood alone at third instead (they shared the spot with the Kansas City Chiefs the previous season). All times are Pacific. The Raiders began their","title":"2008 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"10650577","text":"1981 Oakland Raiders season The 1981 Oakland Raiders season began with the team trying to improve on their 11–5 record from 1980. The Raiders went 7–9 and became the fourth team in NFL history to enter a season as the defending Super Bowl champions and miss the playoffs. The 1981 Raiders set an NFL record by being shut out three consecutive times. The passing game fell off badly being 26th and throwing 28 interceptions. After the defense led the NFL in interceptions and takeaways in 1980, they were dead last in 1981 and were – 16 in turnover differential. It","title":"1981 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"9862670","text":"selected LSU quarterback JaMarcus Russell with the #1 overall pick. Kiffin coached the Raiders to a 4–12 record in the 2007 season. After a 1–3 start to 2008 and months of speculation and rumors, Al Davis fired Kiffin on September 30, 2008. Tom Cable was named as his interim replacement, and officially signed as the 17th head coach of the Oakland Raiders on February 3, 2009. Their finish to the 2008 season would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season. However, they still finished 5–11 and ended up third in the","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"394009","text":"Super Bowl XI Super Bowl XI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for its 1976 season. The Raiders defeated the Vikings by the score of 32–14 to win their first Super Bowl. The game was played on January 9, 1977, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. This remains the Super Bowl scheduled earliest during the calendar year. This was the Raiders’ second Super Bowl appearance after losing Super Bowl II. They posted a 13–1","title":"Super Bowl XI"},{"psg_id":"20668822","text":"season opener of 1994 at Candlestick Park was the next iteration in the Battle of the Bay, with the 49ers beating the Raiders 44–14. In 1994's Super Bowl XXIX, the 49ers won their last Super Bowl to date against the then-San Diego Chargers. The next year, the Los Angeles Raiders returned to Oakland. On October 8, 2000, Oakland defeated San Francisco 34–28 in overtime with Rich Gannon connecting with Tim Brown for 2 touchdowns and the Niners' Jeff Garcia passing for four touchdowns. On November 3, 2002, the 49ers defeated the Raiders 23–20 in overtime at the Oakland Coliseum with","title":"49ers–Raiders rivalry"},{"psg_id":"10600250","text":"1980 Oakland Raiders season The 1980 Oakland Raiders season began with the team trying to improve on their 9–7 record from 1979. It was the 20th anniversary of the Oakland Raiders franchise and ended with their second Super Bowl victory. Prior to the start of the season, Al Davis announced plans to move the Raiders from Oakland to Los Angeles. However, NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle blocked the move by filing a restraining order. He would even try to get Al Davis removed as owner, as the case went to the courts. Still playing in Oakland, the Raiders entered the season","title":"1980 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"7002533","text":"teams that had been given the last rites by many near the end of the season, emerged as champions at the end. Eli Manning became (and still remains) the only quarterback to throw for more than 4,900 yards and win a Super Bowl in the same season. The Giants became the first team to have won Super Bowl games broadcast on all four U.S. national networks (CBS, ABC, FOX, and now NBC). The Giants and Patriots became the 3rd and 4th teams (after the Oakland Raiders and Pittsburgh Steelers) to appear in Super Bowls in four different decades (both in","title":"Super Bowl XLVI"},{"psg_id":"305545","text":"rumors, Davis fired Kiffin on September 30. Tom Cable was named as Kiffin's interim replacement, and officially signed as the 17th head coach of the Oakland Raiders on Tuesday, February 3, 2009. The team's finish to the 2008 season would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season. However, they still finished 5–11 and ended up third in the AFC West, the first time they did not finish last since 2002. They would produce an identical record in 2009; however, the season was somewhat ameliorated by the fact that four of the","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"610213","text":"Super Bowl XVIII in 1984, while they were in Los Angeles. They also appeared in Super Bowl II in 1968 and Super Bowl XXXVII in 2003. The Raiders left Oakland for Los Angeles in 1982, where they won a third Super Bowl championship and returned to Oakland in 1995. The Warriors announced in April 2014 that they will leave Oakland once their new arena is built across the Bay in San Francisco, while the Raiders are in the process of relocating to Las Vegas. On March 27, 2017, it was confirmed the Raiders would be moving to Las Vegas. On","title":"Oakland, California"},{"psg_id":"9862667","text":"one-point victory over the Broncos in Denver). During a Week 3 victory against the Buccaneers, Rich Gannon suffered a neck injury that ended his season and eventually his career; he never returned to the team and retired before the 2005 season. Kerry Collins, who led the New York Giants to an appearance in Super Bowl XXXV and signed with Oakland after the 2003 season, became the team's starting quarterback. In an effort to bolster their offense, in early 2005 the Raiders acquired Pro Bowl wide receiver Randy Moss via trade with the Minnesota Vikings, and signed free agent running back","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"12317088","text":"to advance to their first Super Bowl since 1984, where they were blown out by the Buccaneers who were led by former Raider head coach Jon Gruden. 2003 Oakland Raiders season The 2003 Oakland Raiders season was the 44th season of professional football for the Oakland Raiders franchise, their 34th season as members of the National Football League, and their eighth season since returning to Oakland. They were led by head coach Bill Callahan in his second and final year as head coach of the Raiders. The Raiders played their home games at Network Associates Coliseum as members of the","title":"2003 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"305586","text":"broadcasts. Bill King was the voice of the Raiders from 1966 to 1992, during which time he called approximately 600 games. The Raiders awarded him rings for all three of their Super Bowl victories. It is King's radio audio heard on most of the NFL Films highlight footage of the Raiders. King's call of the Holy Roller has been labeled (by Chris Berman, among others) as one of the five best in NFL history. King died in October 2005 from complications after surgery. Former San Francisco 49ers tight end Monty Stickles and Scotty Stirling, an \"Oakland Tribune\" sportswriter, served as","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"11711294","text":"Dolphins scoreless, winning 27–0. The following week against the Baltimore Ravens in the AFC Championship, starting quarterback Rich Gannon sustained a shoulder injury after being hit by Baltimore's Tony Siragusa early in the second quarter. The loss of Gannon was too steep to overcome as the Raiders lost 16–3. Siragusa was later fined $10,000 for the hit. The Ravens would go on to win the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history. 2000 Oakland Raiders season The 2000 Oakland Raiders season was the club’s 31st season in the National Football League, and 41st season overall, their fifth season","title":"2000 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"395057","text":"the Indianapolis Colts, the Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Patriots would have a Super Bowl appearance more than once, with New England and Pittsburgh winning more than once. The only other AFC team to make the Super Bowl in that stretch were the Oakland Raiders, in Super Bowl XXXVII. Had the Giants won, it would have marked the first year since 1989 that a Super Bowl and World Series champion came from the same metropolitan area. The New York Yankees won the World Series during the Giants' season. Including the New Jersey Devils' win in the Stanley Cup Finals and the","title":"Super Bowl XXXV"},{"psg_id":"10600260","text":"onside kick attempt by Joe Danelo went right to Derrick Jensen, who sprinted into the end zone. 1980 Oakland Raiders season The 1980 Oakland Raiders season began with the team trying to improve on their 9–7 record from 1979. It was the 20th anniversary of the Oakland Raiders franchise and ended with their second Super Bowl victory. Prior to the start of the season, Al Davis announced plans to move the Raiders from Oakland to Los Angeles. However, NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle blocked the move by filing a restraining order. He would even try to get Al Davis removed as","title":"1980 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"1491941","text":"in a Super Bowl with 46 (28 for Tampa Bay and 18 for Oakland) and the third most total points in a game with 69, tying Dallas and Buffalo who combined for 69 points in Super Bowl XXVII. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXXVII, Super Bowl XXXVII Play Finder TB, Super Bowl XXXVII Play Finder Oak, Super Bowl XXXVII Play by Play Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted Source: In Oakland, after the Raiders' loss, riots broke out on the streets of East Oakland. Twelve cars were set on fire and four hundred police officers had to be sent to","title":"Super Bowl XXXVII"},{"psg_id":"305496","text":"1963, however, the Raiders' fortunes improved dramatically with the introduction of head coach (and eventual owner) Al Davis. In 1967, after several years of improvement, the Raiders reached the postseason for the first time. The team would go on to win its first (and only) AFL Championship that year; in doing so, the Raiders advanced to Super Bowl II, where they were soundly defeated by the Green Bay Packers. Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (three AFL and 12 NFL), four AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), one AFL Championship (1967), and three Super Bowl Championships","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"1491902","text":"Super Bowl XXXVII Super Bowl XXXVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2002 season. The Buccaneers defeated the Raiders by the score of 48–21, tied with Super Bowl XXXV for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory, and winning their first ever Super Bowl. The game, played on January 26, 2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, was the sixth Super Bowl to be held a week after the conference","title":"Super Bowl XXXVII"},{"psg_id":"376015","text":"XXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders). Following several seasons with poor records in the 1980s, the Dallas Cowboys rose back to prominence in the 1990s. During this decade, the Cowboys made post-season appearances every year except for the seasons of 1990 and 1997. From 1992 to 1996, the Cowboys won their division championship each year. In this same period, the Buffalo Bills had","title":"Super Bowl"},{"psg_id":"376012","text":"seasons. Nine players and three coaches and administrators on the team have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pittsburgh still remains the only team to win back-to-back Super Bowls twice and four Super Bowls in a six-year period. The Steelers' dynasty was interrupted only by the Oakland Raiders' Super Bowl XI win and the Cowboys winning their second Super Bowl of the decade. In the 1980s and 1990s, the tables turned for the AFC, as the NFC dominated the Super Bowls of the new decade and most of those in the 1990s. The NFC won 16 of","title":"Super Bowl"},{"psg_id":"9862646","text":"a close victory over New England in the playoffs. They then knocked out the injury-plagued Steelers in the AFC Championship to go to Super Bowl XI. Oakland's opponent was the Minnesota Vikings, a team that had lost three previous Super Bowls. The Raiders led 16-0 at halftime. By the end, forcing their opponent into multiple turnovers, they won 32-14 for their first post-merger championship. The following season saw the Raiders finish 11-3, but lose the division title to 12-2 Denver. They settled for a wild card playoff berth, beating the Colts 37-31 in two overtimes, but then falling to the","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"9862641","text":"following two years, the Raiders again won Western Division titles, only to lose the AFL Championship to the eventual Super Bowl winners—the New York Jets (1968) and Kansas City Chiefs (1969). In 1969, John Madden became the team's sixth head coach, and under him the Raiders became one of the most successful franchises in the NFL, winning six division titles during the 1970s. In 1970, the AFL–NFL merger took place and the Raiders joined the Western Division of the American Football Conference in the newly merged NFL. The first post-merger season saw the Raiders win the AFC West with an","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"12147847","text":"game, their third straight, they lost to the Steelers for the second straight season 16-10. Opposing quarterbacks had a passer-rating of 37.2 against Oakland in 1975, the second-lowest total of the Super Bowl era. The Raiders defeated the Cincinnati Bengals 31–28 in the divisional round in Oakland. The following Sunday, they fell to the Pittsburgh Steelers 16–10 in the AFC Championship Game. 1975 Oakland Raiders season The 1975 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 16th season, and 6th in the National Football League. The 1975 season would be George Blanda's final season in the NFL. Blanda retired with two significant","title":"1975 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"12403038","text":"in 2004. Gannon was named to four consecutive Pro Bowls (1999–2002) while playing for the Raiders. 1999 Oakland Raiders season The 1999 Oakland Raiders season was their 40th in the league. They matched their previous season's output of 8–8. Thirteen of the team's sixteen games were decided by a touchdown or less, and none of the Raiders' eight losses were by more than a touchdown. The season saw the team acquire quarterback Rich Gannon, who had his best seasons with the Raiders, being named MVP in 2002 and leading the team to a Super Bowl, that same season. His following","title":"1999 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"1491907","text":"and the Stanley Cup Finals in the same year, following California itself ten years earlier, when the Los Angeles Kings went to the Finals four months after Pasadena hosted Super Bowl XXVII. It was then succeeded by itself again in 2016 when Super Bowl 50 took place in San Francisco and the San Jose Sharks made the Stanley Cup Finals. After moving back to Oakland, California in 1995, the Raiders suffered sub-par seasons, including a 4–12 record in 1997. Under Gruden's leadership, the Raiders improved to 8–8 in both 1998 and 1999. The team was further boosted in 1999 with","title":"Super Bowl XXXVII"},{"psg_id":"394011","text":"before the AFL–NFL merger and following that up with losses in Super Bowls VIII and IX. Oakland gained a Super Bowl record 429 yards, including a Super Bowl record 288 yards in the first half, en route to winning Super Bowl XI. After a scoreless first quarter, Oakland scored on three consecutive possessions to take a 16–0 lead at halftime. The Raiders also had two fourth quarter interceptions, including cornerback Willie Brown’s 75-yard return for a touchdown. Oakland wide receiver Fred Biletnikoff, who had 4 catches for 79 yards that set up three Raider touchdowns, was named the game’s Most","title":"Super Bowl XI"},{"psg_id":"9862661","text":"Raiders failed to qualify for the playoffs for a second consecutive season. After two more unsuccessful seasons (7-9 in 1996 and 4-12 in 1997) under White and his successor, Joe Bugel, Davis selected a new head coach from outside the Raiders organization for only the second time when he hired Philadelphia Eagles offensive coordinator Jon Gruden, who previously worked for the 49ers and Packers under head coach Mike Holmgren. Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8-8 seasons in 1998 and 1999, and climbed out of last place in the AFC West. Oakland finished 12-4 in the 2000 season, the team's","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"305592","text":"Super Bowl. From 1990 to 1999, the Raiders have lost 17 out of 20 regular season meetings between the Chiefs, including a 10–game losing streak at Kansas City; the Raiders also lost to the Chiefs on December 28, 1991 Wild Card Playoffs; final score was 10–6. On September 8, 1996, the Chiefs also began to lead the overall series against the Raiders for the first time since November 23, 1969. On January 1, 2000, the last game of the 1999 NFL regular season, the Raiders defeated the Chiefs for the first time in Kansas City since 1988 in overtime on","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"376021","text":"the decade. They would become only the second team in the history of the NFL to do so (after the 1990s Dallas Cowboys). In Super Bowl XXXVI, first-year starting quarterback Tom Brady led his team to a 20–17 upset victory over the St. Louis Rams. Brady would go on to win the MVP award for this game. The Patriots also won Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX defeating the Carolina Panthers and the Philadelphia Eagles respectively. This four-year stretch of Patriot dominance was interrupted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' 48–21 Super Bowl XXXVII victory over the Oakland Raiders. The Pittsburgh Steelers","title":"Super Bowl"},{"psg_id":"305609","text":"history. The Raiders faced the Houston Oilers throughout the AFL era and twice in AFL playoffs in the late 1960s, winning 40–7 in 1967 on their way to Super Bowl II and 56–7 in the 1969 divisional playoffs. Oakland defeated the Oilers in the 1980 Wild Card playoffs 27–7 and defeated the Titans in the 2002 AFC Championship Game 41–24; the combined scores of these four games is 164–45. As mentioned earlier, the Oakland Raiders and Los Angeles Rams had a rivalry during the 13 years both teams shared the Los Angeles market. The teams met six times in the","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"9862665","text":"division title, and clinched the top seed in the playoffs. Rich Gannon was named MVP of the NFL after passing for a league-high 4,689 yards. After beating the New York Jets and Tennessee Titans by large margins in the playoffs, the Raiders made their fifth Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl XXXVII. Their opponent was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, coached by Gruden. The Raiders, who had not made significant changes to Gruden's offensive schemes, were intercepted five times by the Buccaneers en route to a 48–21 blowout. Some Tampa Bay players claimed that Gruden had given them so much information","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"305539","text":"both personally and professionally. Bill Callahan, who served as the team's offensive coordinator and offensive line coach during Gruden's tenure, was named head coach. Under Callahan, the Raiders finished the 2002 season 11–5, won their third-straight division title, and clinched the top seed in the playoffs. Rich Gannon was named MVP of the NFL after passing for a league-high 4,689 yards. After beating the Jets and Titans by large margins in the playoffs, the Raiders made their fifth Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl XXXVII. Their opponent was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, coached by Gruden. The Raiders, who had not","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"305524","text":"third NFL championship. Allen set a record for most rushing yards (191) and combined yards (209) in a Super Bowl as the Raiders won their third Super Bowl in eight years. The team had another successful regular season in 1984, finishing 11–5, but a three-game losing streak forced them to enter the playoffs as a wild-card, where they fell to the Seahawks in the Wild Card game. The 1985 Raiders campaign saw 12 wins and a division title as Marcus Allen was named MVP. However, a loss to the Patriots derailed any further postseason hopes. The Raiders' fortunes declined after","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"393944","text":"for the sixth time in the previous seven seasons. For the first time in four years, the Miami Dolphins were not able to advance to the Super Bowl. While the Steelers defeated the Buffalo Bills 32–14 in the first round, the favored Dolphins lost to the Oakland Raiders 28–26, giving up Raiders running back Clarence Davis' 8-yard touchdown reception with 26 seconds remaining in the game with a play now known as the \"Sea of Hands\". The key play in the game occurred when the Dolphins were in control and were leading the Raiders 19–14 midway through the fourth quarter.","title":"Super Bowl IX"},{"psg_id":"20298262","text":"When Was the Last Time When Was the Last Time is the seventh studio album and fifth in the country genre by American country music singer Darius Rucker. It was released on Capitol Records Nashville on October 20, 2017. \"If I Told You\" was released as the album's lead single on July 5, 2016. It reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart dated June 24, 2017, becoming his first No. 1 since \"Wagon Wheel\" in 2013. The album's second single, \"For the First Time,\" was released on July 24, 2017. It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Country","title":"When Was the Last Time"},{"psg_id":"8711504","text":"interception return. The Raiders move to 9–8 against the Steelers in regular season matchups. The Raiders are also now 4–2 (Since 2001) against opponents that were in the Super Bowl the previous season. Both losses came last year when they lost to the New England Patriots and the Philadelphia Eagles (both on the road). In 2004, the Raiders defeated the Super Bowl runner up Carolina Panthers in Carolina, defeated the Patriots at home in 2002 and beat the New York Giants at Giants Stadium in 2001. \"at Qwest Field, Seattle, Washington\" Hoping to continue building off of their two-game win","title":"2006 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"394045","text":"affected by stadium problems that saw them again playing in Oakland in 1995 – although they did reach the AFC Championship in 1991 and be demolished 3–51 by the Bills – before a 33–15 three-season record between 2000 and 2002 saw them return to the Super Bowl for the first time in nineteen seasons. Since then the Raiders have been mainly NFL cellar-dwellers, with only one postseason appearance in 2016 and a record of seven straight seasons with no more than five victories between 2003 and 2009. Super Bowl XI Super Bowl XI was an American football game between the","title":"Super Bowl XI"},{"psg_id":"394016","text":"Willie Brown. Brown, Upshaw, Biletnikoff and running back Pete Banaszak were the only holdovers from the Oakland team that was defeated nine years earlier in Super Bowl II. Many accused the Raiders defense of being overly aggressive, especially Atkinson, who inflicted a severe concussion on Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver Lynn Swann in the previous season’s AFC Championship Game. Atkinson added to that reputation as the Raiders advanced through the playoffs to Super Bowl XI, as Atkinson inflicted another concussion to Swann in the Raiders' 1976 season opener. In the Raiders' 24–21 playoff win over the New England Patriots, Atkinson broke","title":"Super Bowl XI"},{"psg_id":"9862640","text":"Valley about returning to the Raiders. On July 25, 1966, Davis returned as part-owner of the team. He purchased a 10 percent interest in the team for US $18,000, and became the team's third general partner — the partner in charge of football operations. On the field, the team Davis had assembled and coached steadily improved. With John Rauch (Davis's hand-picked successor) as head coach, the Raiders won the 1967 AFL Championship, defeating the Houston Oilers 40-7. The win earned the team a trip to Super Bowl II, where they were beaten 33-14 by Vince Lombardi's Green Bay Packers. The","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"20668821","text":"season around and won Super Bowl XXIII against the Cincinnati Bengals 20–16. San Francisco repeated their Super Bowl championship the next season, trampling the Denver Broncos 55–10. In the meantime, Al Davis began negotiations to return the Raiders to Oakland. In March 1991, Davis announced that he was moving the Raiders back to Oakland, but Los Angeles reached a deal with him to keep the Raiders at the Coliseum later in the year. On September 29, 1991, the 49ers met the Raiders again in Los Angeles, with the Raiders winning 12–6 against a touchdown-less Steve Young San Francisco offense. The","title":"49ers–Raiders rivalry"},{"psg_id":"1491904","text":"record. Oakland, \"Gruden's \"old\" team\", advanced to their fifth Super Bowl after an regular season. Super Bowl XXXVII is also referred to as the \"Pirate Bowl\", due to both teams' pirate-themed names. The Raiders came into the game as four-point favorites. However, the Tampa Bay defense dominated the contest. Oakland quarterback Rich Gannon threw a Super Bowl record five interceptions, three of which were returned for touchdowns. The Buccaneers also sacked Gannon five times, and scored 34 consecutive points to build a 34–3 lead late in the third quarter. Tampa Bay safety Dexter Jackson, who had two of those interceptions","title":"Super Bowl XXXVII"},{"psg_id":"9565086","text":"quarter, Brett Favre throws a forty six-yard touchdown pass to tight end Donald Lee with Crosby kicking an extra point. With the loss, the Raiders fell to 4–9, marking their fifth-straight losing season since their Super Bowl XXXVII appearance. Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Packers, the Raiders went home for a Week 15 intraconference duel with the defending Super Bowl champions, the Indianapolis Colts. In the first quarter, Oakland trailed early as Colts kicker Adam Vinatieri managed to get a 22-yard field goal, while CB T.J. Rushing returned a punt 90 yards for a touchdown. In","title":"2007 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"17738456","text":"an onside kick to determine the outcome. Unfortunately for Oakland, their onside kick try was recovered by Seattle's Jermaine Kearse, and the Seahawks hung on to claim the victory, 30–24. With the loss, the Raiders dropped to 0–8 on the season. After battling the Super Bowl champions in Week 9, the winless Raiders went back home for Week 10 to take on their divisional rival and the defending AFC Champion Denver Broncos for the first time all year. Broncos QB Peyton Manning was immediately picked off by cornerback D.J. Hayden on his second pass of the game 30 seconds in.","title":"2014 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"20298264","text":"the album charted at No. 8 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, which is Rucker fifth top 10 album on the chart. It also debuted at No. 2 on the Top Country Albums chart, with 30,000 copies sold in the first week, 34,000 units, including track sales and streams. In its second week, it sold a further 9,300 copies. It has sold 118,100 copies in the United States as of October 2018. Credits by AllMusic When Was the Last Time When Was the Last Time is the seventh studio album and fifth in the country genre by American country music singer","title":"When Was the Last Time"},{"psg_id":"305633","text":"Pro Bowl: The coaches and executives that have contributed to the history & success of the Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders franchise are as follows: Oakland Raiders The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football franchise based in Oakland, California. The Raiders compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. Founded on January 30, 1960, they played their first regular season game on September 11, 1960, as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) which merged with the NFL in 1970. The Raiders' off-field fortunes have varied considerably","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"9862655","text":"and fan apathy were evident by this point, and in the summer of 1988, rumors of a Raiders return to Oakland intensified when a preseason game against the Houston Oilers was scheduled at Oakland Coliseum. As early as 1986, Davis began to seek a new, more modern stadium away from the Coliseum and the dangerous neighborhood that surrounded it at the time (which caused the NFL to schedule the Raiders' \"Monday Night Football\" appearances as away games). In addition to sharing the venue with the USC Trojans, the Coliseum was aging and still lacked the luxury suites and other amenities","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"9862647","text":"Broncos 20-17 in the AFC Championship. During a 1978 preseason game, Patriots WR Darryl Stingley was tragically injured by a hit from Raiders FS Jack Tatum and was left paralyzed for life. Although the Raiders achieved a winning record at 9-7, they failed to qualify for the playoffs. After ten consecutive winning seasons and one Super Bowl championship, John Madden left the Raiders (and coaching) in 1979 to pursue a career as a television football commentator. His replacement was former Raiders quarterback Tom Flores, the first Hispanic head coach in NFL history. Flores led the Raiders to another 9-7 season,","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"393731","text":"system was not used until 1978\" Super Bowl II The second AFL-NFL World Championship Game in professional football, known retrospectively as Super Bowl II, was played on January 14, 1968, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The National Football League (NFL)'s defending champion Green Bay Packers defeated the American Football League (AFL) champion Oakland Raiders by the score of 33–14. This game and Super Bowl III are the only two Super Bowl games to be played in back-to-back years in the same stadium. Coming into this game, like during the first Super Bowl, many sports writers and fans believed","title":"Super Bowl II"},{"psg_id":"394181","text":"the end of the crisis. The Raiders were making their third Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11–5 regular season record, but losing a tiebreaker to the AFC West division winner San Diego Chargers. Oakland then advanced to the Super Bowl with playoff victories over the Houston Oilers, Cleveland Browns, and San Diego. The Eagles were making their first Super Bowl appearance after posting a 12–4 regular season record and postseason victories over the Minnesota Vikings and the Dallas Cowboys. Aided by two touchdown passes from quarterback Jim Plunkett, the Raiders jumped out to a 14–0 lead in the first","title":"Super Bowl XV"},{"psg_id":"376006","text":"of the Super Bowl, while the Jaguars (1995) and Texans (2002) are both recent NFL expansion teams. (Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville, however, have hosted a Super Bowl, leaving the Browns the only team to date who has neither played in nor whose city has hosted the game.) The Minnesota Vikings won the last NFL Championship before the merger but lost to the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl IV. The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls (Known as the AFL-NFL World Championship Game for these first two contests), defeating the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland","title":"Super Bowl"},{"psg_id":"9862628","text":"History of the Oakland Raiders This article describes the history of the Oakland Raiders. The Raiders are a professional American football club based in Oakland, California. The team competes in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the American Football Conference (AFC) West division. A few months after the first AFL draft in 1959, the owners of the yet-unnamed Minneapolis franchise accepted an offer to join the established National Football League as an expansion team (now called the Minnesota Vikings) in 1961, sending the AFL scrambling for a replacement. At the time, Oakland seemed an unlikely venue for","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"393703","text":"Super Bowl II The second AFL-NFL World Championship Game in professional football, known retrospectively as Super Bowl II, was played on January 14, 1968, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The National Football League (NFL)'s defending champion Green Bay Packers defeated the American Football League (AFL) champion Oakland Raiders by the score of 33–14. This game and Super Bowl III are the only two Super Bowl games to be played in back-to-back years in the same stadium. Coming into this game, like during the first Super Bowl, many sports writers and fans believed that any team in the NFL","title":"Super Bowl II"},{"psg_id":"11711389","text":"known as the Tuck Rule Game. It would be Jon Gruden's final season as head coach in his first stint with the Raiders. After the season he was traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in exchange for Tampa Bay's first-round draft picks in 2002 and 2003, their second-round draft picks in 2004 and 2005, and $8 million in cash. The Raiders faced Gruden and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the Super Bowl the next year, and lost 21–48. Gruden would return to the Raiders as head coach 17 years later in 2018. Raiders on Pro Football Reference 2001 Oakland Raiders","title":"2001 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"305536","text":"the Raiders fell 16–3 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Ravens. The Raiders acquired all-time leading receiver Jerry Rice prior to the 2001 season. They started 10–3 but lost their last three games and finished with a 10–6 record and a wild card playoff spot. They defeated the New York Jets 38–24 in the wild card round to advance to face the New England Patriots. In a game in which the Raiders led for most of the game, the game was played in a heavy snowstorm. In what would be known as the \"Tuck Rule Game\", late in the fourth","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"305535","text":"from outside the Raiders organization for only the second time when he hired Philadelphia Eagles offensive coordinator Jon Gruden. Gruden previously worked for the 49ers and Green Bay Packers under head coach Mike Holmgren. Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8–8 seasons in 1998 and 1999. Oakland finished 12–4 in the 2000 season, the team's most successful in a decade. Led by veteran quarterback Rich Gannon (MVP), Oakland won their first division title since 1990, and advanced to the AFC Championship, where Gannon was hurt when sacked by Baltimore Ravens' lineman Tony Siragusa. The Raider offense struggled without Gannon, and","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"19117931","text":"game in Mexico, the Raiders returned to Oakland to face the Carolina Panthers. The Raiders were looking to extend their winning streak to five games, the longest streak since their Super Bowl season of 2002. Things started well as the Raiders defense held the Panthers to a three-and-out series and the Raiders offense moved right down the field. Seth Roberts caught a two-yard pass from Derek Carr to put the Raiders up 7–0. The Panthers answered on a three-yard touchdown run by Cam Newton to tie the score. The rest of the first half belonged to the Raiders as Latavius","title":"2016 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"305512","text":"In 1974, Oakland had a 12–2 regular season, which included a nine-game winning streak. They beat the Dolphins 28–26 in the divisional round of the playoffs in a see-saw battle remembered as the \"Sea of Hands\" game. They then lost the AFC Championship to the Steelers, who went on to win the Super Bowl. The Raiders were held to only 29 yards rushing by the Pittsburgh defense, and late mistakes turned a 10–3 lead at the start of the fourth quarter into a disappointing 24–13 loss. In the 1975 season opener, the Raiders beat Miami and ended their 31-game home","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"9862687","text":"the team permission to relocate to Las Vegas, Nevada, pending the new stadium's estimated completion date in either 2019 or 2020. Until then, the Raiders currently plan to stay in Oakland. This will mark the franchise's third location and second from Oakland. Ground was officially broken on the new stadium on November 13, 2017. History of the Oakland Raiders This article describes the history of the Oakland Raiders. The Raiders are a professional American football club based in Oakland, California. The team competes in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the American Football Conference (AFC) West division.","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"12844636","text":"will not see any playoff contention. Whatever the case, the Raiders ended their dismal season at 5–11. 2009 Oakland Raiders season The 2009 Oakland Raiders season was the 50th season for the original American Football League team, and its 40th in the NFL. On September 6, 2009, The Raiders traded a 2011 draft pick to the New England Patriots for ×5 Pro Bowl Defensive Lineman Richard Seymour. With their loss to Dallas on November 26, 2009, The Raiders sealed their seventh consecutive losing season. After beating the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 6, 2009, the Raiders moved to 4–0 when playing","title":"2009 Oakland Raiders season"},{"psg_id":"305522","text":"Bowl win. The newly minted Los Angeles Raiders finished the strike-shortened 1982 season 8–1 to win the AFC West, but lost in the second round of the playoffs to the Jets. The following season, the Raiders finished 12–4 to win the AFC West. Convincing playoff wins over the Steelers and Seattle Seahawks in the AFC playoffs propelled the Raiders to their fourth Super Bowl. Against the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII, the Raiders built a lead after blocking a punt and recovering for a touchdown early in the game. A Branch touchdown reception from Plunkett put the Raiders up","title":"Oakland Raiders"},{"psg_id":"376013","text":"the 20 Super Bowls during these two decades, including 13 straight from Super Bowl XIX to Super Bowl XXXI. The NFC's winning streak was only interrupted when the Los Angeles Raiders routed the Washington Redskins, 38-9 in Super Bowl XVIII. The most successful team of the 1980s was the San Francisco 49ers, which featured the West Coast offense of Hall of Fame head coach Bill Walsh. This offense was led by three-time Super Bowl MVP and Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Montana, Super Bowl MVP and Hall of Fame wide receiver Jerry Rice, running back Roger Craig, and defensive safety/cornerback","title":"Super Bowl"},{"psg_id":"18809329","text":"a springboard to victories in Super Bowl IX and Super Bowl X, before the Raiders notched a 24–7 AFC Championship Game victory at home in 1976 on their way to winning Super Bowl XI. To date, the two last met in the playoffs in 1983 when the eventual Super Bowl champion Raiders, playing in Los Angeles at the time, crushed the Steelers 38–10. The rivalry cooled off in the late 1980s, mainly due to the Raiders on-field struggles since appearing in Super Bowl XXXVII. The teams also met infrequently for several years, playing only twice in the Raiders' final 10","title":"Raiders–Steelers rivalry"},{"psg_id":"9862634","text":"with Bob Blum and Dan Galvin. In 1966. KGO Radio 810 signed a contract with the Oakland Raiders. Bill King was hired for the play-by-play and Scotty Stirling (an \"Oakland Tribune\" sportswriter) was color commentator. When the University of California refused to let the Raiders play home games at Memorial Stadium in Berkeley, they chose Kezar Stadium in San Francisco as their home field. The team's first regular season home game was played on September 11, 1960, a 37–22 loss to the Houston Oilers. The Raiders were allowed to move to Candlestick Park for the final three home games of","title":"History of the Oakland Raiders"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305563\",\n \"text\": \"Bay Packers in Super Bowl II. The Raiders have won a total of 3 Super Bowls. They won their first Super Bowl under John Madden, and their next two with Tom Flores. When the team was founded in 1960, the \\\"Oakland Tribune\\\" held a name-the-team contest. The winning name was the Oakland Señors. After a few days of being the butt of local jokes (and accusations that the contest was fixed, as Chet Soda was fairly well known within the Oakland business community for calling his acquaintances \\\"señor\\\"), the fledgling team (and its owners) changed the team's name nine days\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862662\",\n \"text\": \"most successful in a decade. Led by veteran quarterback Rich Gannon, Oakland won their first division title since 1990, and advanced to the AFC Championship, where they lost 16–3 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens. The Raiders acquired all-time leading receiver Jerry Rice prior to the 2001 season. They finished 10-6 and won a second straight AFC West title but lost their divisional-round playoff game to the eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots, in a controversial game that became known as \\\"The Tuck Rule Game.\\\" The game was played in a heavy snowstorm, and late in the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10587844\",\n \"text\": \"Rose Bowl, the Raiders won Super Bowl XI by defeating the Minnesota Vikings 32–14. The victory had the Raiders compile a spectacular 16–1 overall record. In 2012, the 1976 Oakland Raiders were named the greatest team of all time by NFL.com's \\\"Bracketology\\\"; a 15-day, six-round fan vote tournament that featured the 64 greatest teams from the Super Bowl era. Oakland beat the 2000 Baltimore Ravens in the final round by a .8% margin. The Road to their first World Championship began on opening day as they faced the reigning world champion Pittsburgh Steelers. In their home opener, Oakland trailed 28–14\",\n \"title\": \"1976 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12844618\",\n \"text\": \"2009 Oakland Raiders season The 2009 Oakland Raiders season was the 50th season for the original American Football League team, and its 40th in the NFL. On September 6, 2009, The Raiders traded a 2011 draft pick to the New England Patriots for ×5 Pro Bowl Defensive Lineman Richard Seymour. With their loss to Dallas on November 26, 2009, The Raiders sealed their seventh consecutive losing season. After beating the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 6, 2009, the Raiders moved to 4–0 when playing Pittsburgh the year they won the Super Bowl, or are the defending Champions, winning in 1974, 1980,\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10587843\",\n \"text\": \"1976 Oakland Raiders season The 1976 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 17th season, and 7th in the National Football League. After having appeared in the three previous AFC Championship Games – and having lost all three—the 1976 Raiders finally won the conference championship, and went on to win their first Super Bowl. After posting a 13–1 regular season record and winning their sixth AFC West championship in seven seasons, the Raiders rolled to victories against the New England Patriots and Pittsburgh Steelers to achieve the second Super Bowl berth in team history. Then on January 9, 1977, at the\",\n \"title\": \"1976 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305520\",\n \"text\": \"winning their second Super Bowl and becoming the first team to ever win the Super Bowl after getting into the playoffs as the wild card team. In 1980, Al Davis attempted unsuccessfully to have improvements made to the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, specifically the addition of luxury boxes. That year, he signed a memorandum of agreement to move the Raiders from Oakland to Los Angeles. The move, which required three-fourths approval by league owners, was defeated 22–0 (with five owners abstaining). When Davis tried to move the team anyway, he was blocked by an injunction. In response, the Raiders not only\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12147840\",\n \"text\": \"Game. 1973 Oakland Raiders season The 1973 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 14th season, and fourth in the National Football League. In Week Two of the regular season, the Raiders defeated the Miami Dolphins, snapping Miami's 18-game winning-streak including a perfect season in 1972. For the third time in four seasons, the Raiders won the AFC West title. They exacted a measure of revenge by defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Division Round game, one year following the Immaculate Reception loss. But the Raiders failed to reach the Super Bowl as they lost to Miami in the AFC\",\n \"title\": \"1973 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12147839\",\n \"text\": \"1973 Oakland Raiders season The 1973 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 14th season, and fourth in the National Football League. In Week Two of the regular season, the Raiders defeated the Miami Dolphins, snapping Miami's 18-game winning-streak including a perfect season in 1972. For the third time in four seasons, the Raiders won the AFC West title. They exacted a measure of revenge by defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Division Round game, one year following the Immaculate Reception loss. But the Raiders failed to reach the Super Bowl as they lost to Miami in the AFC Championship\",\n \"title\": \"1973 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18084530\",\n \"text\": \"season and failed to qualify for the playoffs. The Panthers fell to 6–10 and finished in last place in the NFC South. The Broncos fell to 9–7 and came in third place in the AFC West. This was the first time the defending AFC and NFC champions would both miss the playoffs since the 2003 season, after Super Bowl XXXVII, when neither the Oakland Raiders nor the Tampa Bay Buccaneers qualified for the postseason, and the fifth time overall. Super Bowl 50 Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL)\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl 50\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12147849\",\n \"text\": \"playoffs as a wild card in 1977 and won the divisional playoffs in a game against the Baltimore Colts when Errol Mann tied the game with a field goal. In the second overtime, Dave Casper caught another touchdown pass for the victory. The following week, they lost the AFC Championship Game 20–17 in Denver. 1977 Oakland Raiders season The 1977 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 18th season overall, and 8th season since joining the NFL. The Raiders entered the season as the defending Super Bowl champions. The 1977 Raiders reached the AFC Championship Game for the fifth consecutive season,\",\n \"title\": \"1977 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305515\",\n \"text\": \"a criminal for the hit. The Raiders won 13 regular season games and a close controversial 21–17 victory over New England in the divisional playoffs. With the Patriots up by three points in final two minutes, referee Ben Dreith called roughing the passer on New England's Ray \\\"Sugar Bear\\\" Hamilton after he hit Oakland QB Ken Stabler. The Raiders went on to score a touchdown in the final minute to win. They then defeated the Steelers 24–7 in the AFC Championship to advance to their second Super Bowl. In Super Bowl XI, Oakland's opponent was the Minnesota Vikings, a team\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"394012\",\n \"text\": \"Valuable Player (MVP). Among the wide receivers who have won the Super Bowl MVP, Biletnikoff is the only one to not have gained 100 yards in his performance. The NFL awarded Super Bowl XI to Pasadena, California on March 19, 1975 at the owners' meetings held in Honolulu. This game marked the second Super Bowl appearance for the Oakland Raiders, who lost Super Bowl II. Two years after their Super Bowl loss, the Raiders hired John Madden as their head coach. Under Madden, the Raiders had posted in his 8 seasons an 83–22–7 record (counting ties, this was a .772\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XI\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12304579\",\n \"text\": \"of the Seahawks. This was only the fourth time this has occurred. The other three times were in Super Bowl III (Weeb Ewbank's New York Jets vs. Ewbank's former team, Don Shula's Baltimore Colts), Super Bowl XXXIII (Dan Reeves's Atlanta Falcons vs. Mike Shanahan's Denver Broncos), and Super Bowl XXXVII (Jon Gruden's Tampa Bay Buccaneers vs. Gruden's former team, Bill Callahan's Oakland Raiders). The only previous time that the old coach's former team had won was in Super Bowl XXXIII. The Patriots had also appeared in the only other Super Bowl to be held at University of Phoenix Stadium to\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XLIX\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10764186\",\n \"text\": \"in 1966. The 1965 season was the first of sixteen consecutive winning seasons for the Raiders. It is also notable for the debut of Hall of Fame wide receiver Fred Biletnikoff. Biletnikoff would be the first of several legendary Raiders drafted in the late-1960s and early 1970s. He would be an integral part of the team's 1967 and 1976 Super Bowl runs. The season was also the team's last at Frank Youell Field. They would move to the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum for the following season. 1965 Oakland Raiders season The 1965 Oakland Raiders season was the team's sixth in both\",\n \"title\": \"1965 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10764245\",\n \"text\": \"of AFL play. The season would end with an upset loss to the eventual Super Bowl champion Kansas City Chiefs in the 1969 AFL Championship Game. Additionally, the season marked the debut of Hall-of-Fame head coach John Madden. Madden would lead the Raiders to seven division titles, seven AFL/AFC Championship Games, and a Super Bowl championship before leaving in 1978. He would post a 112–39–7 regular season record over this span. Kansas City Chiefs 17, Oakland Raiders 7 1969 Oakland Raiders season The 1969 Oakland Raiders season was the team's tenth as a franchise, and tenth in both Oakland and\",\n \"title\": \"1969 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"394355\",\n \"text\": \"the last one from either team, as the defenses of both teams took over for the rest of the game – especially the 49ers' defense, who intercepted Marino twice. Overall, San Francisco gained a Super Bowl-record 537 yards, breaking the Oakland Raiders' record of 429 yards in Super Bowl XI, while limiting Miami to 314, with just 25 rushing yards. San Francisco's 38 points also tied a Super Bowl record set by the Raiders in Super Bowl XVIII. The 49ers' 288 offensive yards in the first half also tied the Raiders in Super Bowl XI for the most offensive yards\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XIX\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12147841\",\n \"text\": \"1974 Oakland Raiders season The 1974 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 15th season in Oakland and fifth in the National Football League. The team would post a superb 12–2 record; the campaign's two losses would be by a total of four points. The Raiders' record (the team's best since 1969) would ensure their fourth AFC West title in five years. For the second straight campaign, the Raiders exacted revenge upon the team that had eliminated them in the prior year's playoffs. This time, Oakland toppled the two-time defending Super Bowl champion Miami Dolphins, by a score of 28–26, in\",\n \"title\": \"1974 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1491943\",\n \"text\": \"won a playoff game since. Super Bowl XXXVII Super Bowl XXXVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2002 season. The Buccaneers defeated the Raiders by the score of 48–21, tied with Super Bowl XXXV for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory, and winning their first ever Super Bowl. The game, played on January 26, 2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, was the sixth Super Bowl to be held\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXVII\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10650578\",\n \"text\": \"was also their last season in Oakland until 1995 and their losing record snapped a streak of 16 consecutive winning seasons. 1981 Oakland Raiders season The 1981 Oakland Raiders season began with the team trying to improve on their 11–5 record from 1980. The Raiders went 7–9 and became the fourth team in NFL history to enter a season as the defending Super Bowl champions and miss the playoffs. The 1981 Raiders set an NFL record by being shut out three consecutive times. The passing game fell off badly being 26th and throwing 28 interceptions. After the defense led the\",\n \"title\": \"1981 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14179243\",\n \"text\": \"game televised in the market in 2010 (ironically, the Chiefs are actually the Raiders' eastern-most division rivals). 2010 Oakland Raiders season The 2010 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 41st season in the National Football League and their 51st overall. It also marked the last full season under the ownership of Al Davis, who died in October 2011. The Raiders had improved from a five-win season, their first since 2002, and achieved their first non-losing season since losing Super Bowl XXXVII on January 26, 2003. However, the team missed the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season. The Raiders picked 8th\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12147848\",\n \"text\": \"1977 Oakland Raiders season The 1977 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 18th season overall, and 8th season since joining the NFL. The Raiders entered the season as the defending Super Bowl champions. The 1977 Raiders reached the AFC Championship Game for the fifth consecutive season, and their sixth time in eight years. They lost the AFC Championship, however, to the division rival Denver Broncos. The 1977 Raiders set a professional football record with 681 rushing attempts. Fullback Mark van Eeghen 324 times for 1273 yards, and running back Clarence Davis ran 194 times for 787 yards. Oakland made the\",\n \"title\": \"1977 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12403037\",\n \"text\": \"1999 Oakland Raiders season The 1999 Oakland Raiders season was their 40th in the league. They matched their previous season's output of 8–8. Thirteen of the team's sixteen games were decided by a touchdown or less, and none of the Raiders' eight losses were by more than a touchdown. The season saw the team acquire quarterback Rich Gannon, who had his best seasons with the Raiders, being named MVP in 2002 and leading the team to a Super Bowl, that same season. His following two seasons after the Super Bowl were ruined by injuries and he was forced to retire\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11532436\",\n \"text\": \"York Jets and Mike Shanahan of the Denver Broncos were all let go from their respective programs. Gary Kubiak of the Houston Texans was the only head coach to lose to the Oakland Raiders in the 2008 season and keep his job. 2008 Oakland Raiders season The 2008 Oakland Raiders season was the team's forty-ninth season. The Raiders improved upon their 4–12 record from 2007. This was also the first time in four seasons that the team did not play both contestants from the previous Super Bowl, playing the New England Patriots, but not the New York Giants. This was\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14179207\",\n \"text\": \"2010 Oakland Raiders season The 2010 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 41st season in the National Football League and their 51st overall. It also marked the last full season under the ownership of Al Davis, who died in October 2011. The Raiders had improved from a five-win season, their first since 2002, and achieved their first non-losing season since losing Super Bowl XXXVII on January 26, 2003. However, the team missed the playoffs for the eighth consecutive season. The Raiders picked 8th in the 2010 NFL Draft. There were no blacked-out home games after the early part of the\",\n \"title\": \"2010 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"394285\",\n \"text\": \"was held in that city. This would be the AFC's last Super Bowl win until Super Bowl XXXII, won by the Denver Broncos. The Redskins entered the game as the defending Super Bowl XVII champions, and finished the 1983 regular season with a league-best 14–2 record, and led the league in fewest rushing yards allowed, and set a then-NFL record in scoring with 541 points. The Raiders posted a 12-4 regular season record in 1983, their second in Los Angeles, having moved there from Oakland in May 1982. As the favored team, the Redskins' 38–9 defeat at the hands of\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XVIII\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11532409\",\n \"text\": \"2008 Oakland Raiders season The 2008 Oakland Raiders season was the team's forty-ninth season. The Raiders improved upon their 4–12 record from 2007. This was also the first time in four seasons that the team did not play both contestants from the previous Super Bowl, playing the New England Patriots, but not the New York Giants. This was also the first time in five seasons the club did not finish 4th in their division, but stood alone at third instead (they shared the spot with the Kansas City Chiefs the previous season). All times are Pacific. The Raiders began their\",\n \"title\": \"2008 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10650577\",\n \"text\": \"1981 Oakland Raiders season The 1981 Oakland Raiders season began with the team trying to improve on their 11–5 record from 1980. The Raiders went 7–9 and became the fourth team in NFL history to enter a season as the defending Super Bowl champions and miss the playoffs. The 1981 Raiders set an NFL record by being shut out three consecutive times. The passing game fell off badly being 26th and throwing 28 interceptions. After the defense led the NFL in interceptions and takeaways in 1980, they were dead last in 1981 and were – 16 in turnover differential. It\",\n \"title\": \"1981 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862670\",\n \"text\": \"selected LSU quarterback JaMarcus Russell with the #1 overall pick. Kiffin coached the Raiders to a 4–12 record in the 2007 season. After a 1–3 start to 2008 and months of speculation and rumors, Al Davis fired Kiffin on September 30, 2008. Tom Cable was named as his interim replacement, and officially signed as the 17th head coach of the Oakland Raiders on February 3, 2009. Their finish to the 2008 season would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season. However, they still finished 5–11 and ended up third in the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"394009\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl XI Super Bowl XI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for its 1976 season. The Raiders defeated the Vikings by the score of 32–14 to win their first Super Bowl. The game was played on January 9, 1977, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. This remains the Super Bowl scheduled earliest during the calendar year. This was the Raiders’ second Super Bowl appearance after losing Super Bowl II. They posted a 13–1\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XI\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20668822\",\n \"text\": \"season opener of 1994 at Candlestick Park was the next iteration in the Battle of the Bay, with the 49ers beating the Raiders 44–14. In 1994's Super Bowl XXIX, the 49ers won their last Super Bowl to date against the then-San Diego Chargers. The next year, the Los Angeles Raiders returned to Oakland. On October 8, 2000, Oakland defeated San Francisco 34–28 in overtime with Rich Gannon connecting with Tim Brown for 2 touchdowns and the Niners' Jeff Garcia passing for four touchdowns. On November 3, 2002, the 49ers defeated the Raiders 23–20 in overtime at the Oakland Coliseum with\",\n \"title\": \"49ers–Raiders rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10600250\",\n \"text\": \"1980 Oakland Raiders season The 1980 Oakland Raiders season began with the team trying to improve on their 9–7 record from 1979. It was the 20th anniversary of the Oakland Raiders franchise and ended with their second Super Bowl victory. Prior to the start of the season, Al Davis announced plans to move the Raiders from Oakland to Los Angeles. However, NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle blocked the move by filing a restraining order. He would even try to get Al Davis removed as owner, as the case went to the courts. Still playing in Oakland, the Raiders entered the season\",\n \"title\": \"1980 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7002533\",\n \"text\": \"teams that had been given the last rites by many near the end of the season, emerged as champions at the end. Eli Manning became (and still remains) the only quarterback to throw for more than 4,900 yards and win a Super Bowl in the same season. The Giants became the first team to have won Super Bowl games broadcast on all four U.S. national networks (CBS, ABC, FOX, and now NBC). The Giants and Patriots became the 3rd and 4th teams (after the Oakland Raiders and Pittsburgh Steelers) to appear in Super Bowls in four different decades (both in\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XLVI\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305545\",\n \"text\": \"rumors, Davis fired Kiffin on September 30. Tom Cable was named as Kiffin's interim replacement, and officially signed as the 17th head coach of the Oakland Raiders on Tuesday, February 3, 2009. The team's finish to the 2008 season would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season. However, they still finished 5–11 and ended up third in the AFC West, the first time they did not finish last since 2002. They would produce an identical record in 2009; however, the season was somewhat ameliorated by the fact that four of the\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"610213\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl XVIII in 1984, while they were in Los Angeles. They also appeared in Super Bowl II in 1968 and Super Bowl XXXVII in 2003. The Raiders left Oakland for Los Angeles in 1982, where they won a third Super Bowl championship and returned to Oakland in 1995. The Warriors announced in April 2014 that they will leave Oakland once their new arena is built across the Bay in San Francisco, while the Raiders are in the process of relocating to Las Vegas. On March 27, 2017, it was confirmed the Raiders would be moving to Las Vegas. On\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland, California\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862667\",\n \"text\": \"one-point victory over the Broncos in Denver). During a Week 3 victory against the Buccaneers, Rich Gannon suffered a neck injury that ended his season and eventually his career; he never returned to the team and retired before the 2005 season. Kerry Collins, who led the New York Giants to an appearance in Super Bowl XXXV and signed with Oakland after the 2003 season, became the team's starting quarterback. In an effort to bolster their offense, in early 2005 the Raiders acquired Pro Bowl wide receiver Randy Moss via trade with the Minnesota Vikings, and signed free agent running back\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12317088\",\n \"text\": \"to advance to their first Super Bowl since 1984, where they were blown out by the Buccaneers who were led by former Raider head coach Jon Gruden. 2003 Oakland Raiders season The 2003 Oakland Raiders season was the 44th season of professional football for the Oakland Raiders franchise, their 34th season as members of the National Football League, and their eighth season since returning to Oakland. They were led by head coach Bill Callahan in his second and final year as head coach of the Raiders. The Raiders played their home games at Network Associates Coliseum as members of the\",\n \"title\": \"2003 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305586\",\n \"text\": \"broadcasts. Bill King was the voice of the Raiders from 1966 to 1992, during which time he called approximately 600 games. The Raiders awarded him rings for all three of their Super Bowl victories. It is King's radio audio heard on most of the NFL Films highlight footage of the Raiders. King's call of the Holy Roller has been labeled (by Chris Berman, among others) as one of the five best in NFL history. King died in October 2005 from complications after surgery. Former San Francisco 49ers tight end Monty Stickles and Scotty Stirling, an \\\"Oakland Tribune\\\" sportswriter, served as\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11711294\",\n \"text\": \"Dolphins scoreless, winning 27–0. The following week against the Baltimore Ravens in the AFC Championship, starting quarterback Rich Gannon sustained a shoulder injury after being hit by Baltimore's Tony Siragusa early in the second quarter. The loss of Gannon was too steep to overcome as the Raiders lost 16–3. Siragusa was later fined $10,000 for the hit. The Ravens would go on to win the Super Bowl for the first time in franchise history. 2000 Oakland Raiders season The 2000 Oakland Raiders season was the club’s 31st season in the National Football League, and 41st season overall, their fifth season\",\n \"title\": \"2000 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"395057\",\n \"text\": \"the Indianapolis Colts, the Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Patriots would have a Super Bowl appearance more than once, with New England and Pittsburgh winning more than once. The only other AFC team to make the Super Bowl in that stretch were the Oakland Raiders, in Super Bowl XXXVII. Had the Giants won, it would have marked the first year since 1989 that a Super Bowl and World Series champion came from the same metropolitan area. The New York Yankees won the World Series during the Giants' season. Including the New Jersey Devils' win in the Stanley Cup Finals and the\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10600260\",\n \"text\": \"onside kick attempt by Joe Danelo went right to Derrick Jensen, who sprinted into the end zone. 1980 Oakland Raiders season The 1980 Oakland Raiders season began with the team trying to improve on their 9–7 record from 1979. It was the 20th anniversary of the Oakland Raiders franchise and ended with their second Super Bowl victory. Prior to the start of the season, Al Davis announced plans to move the Raiders from Oakland to Los Angeles. However, NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle blocked the move by filing a restraining order. He would even try to get Al Davis removed as\",\n \"title\": \"1980 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1491941\",\n \"text\": \"in a Super Bowl with 46 (28 for Tampa Bay and 18 for Oakland) and the third most total points in a game with 69, tying Dallas and Buffalo who combined for 69 points in Super Bowl XXVII. Sources: NFL.com Super Bowl XXXVII, Super Bowl XXXVII Play Finder TB, Super Bowl XXXVII Play Finder Oak, Super Bowl XXXVII Play by Play Completions/attempts Carries Long gain Receptions Times targeted Source: In Oakland, after the Raiders' loss, riots broke out on the streets of East Oakland. Twelve cars were set on fire and four hundred police officers had to be sent to\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXVII\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305496\",\n \"text\": \"1963, however, the Raiders' fortunes improved dramatically with the introduction of head coach (and eventual owner) Al Davis. In 1967, after several years of improvement, the Raiders reached the postseason for the first time. The team would go on to win its first (and only) AFL Championship that year; in doing so, the Raiders advanced to Super Bowl II, where they were soundly defeated by the Green Bay Packers. Since 1963, the team has won 15 division titles (three AFL and 12 NFL), four AFC Championships (1976, 1980, 1983, and 2002), one AFL Championship (1967), and three Super Bowl Championships\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1491902\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl XXXVII Super Bowl XXXVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2002 season. The Buccaneers defeated the Raiders by the score of 48–21, tied with Super Bowl XXXV for the seventh largest Super Bowl margin of victory, and winning their first ever Super Bowl. The game, played on January 26, 2003 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, was the sixth Super Bowl to be held a week after the conference\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXVII\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"376015\",\n \"text\": \"XXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders). Following several seasons with poor records in the 1980s, the Dallas Cowboys rose back to prominence in the 1990s. During this decade, the Cowboys made post-season appearances every year except for the seasons of 1990 and 1997. From 1992 to 1996, the Cowboys won their division championship each year. In this same period, the Buffalo Bills had\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"376012\",\n \"text\": \"seasons. Nine players and three coaches and administrators on the team have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Pittsburgh still remains the only team to win back-to-back Super Bowls twice and four Super Bowls in a six-year period. The Steelers' dynasty was interrupted only by the Oakland Raiders' Super Bowl XI win and the Cowboys winning their second Super Bowl of the decade. In the 1980s and 1990s, the tables turned for the AFC, as the NFC dominated the Super Bowls of the new decade and most of those in the 1990s. The NFC won 16 of\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862646\",\n \"text\": \"a close victory over New England in the playoffs. They then knocked out the injury-plagued Steelers in the AFC Championship to go to Super Bowl XI. Oakland's opponent was the Minnesota Vikings, a team that had lost three previous Super Bowls. The Raiders led 16-0 at halftime. By the end, forcing their opponent into multiple turnovers, they won 32-14 for their first post-merger championship. The following season saw the Raiders finish 11-3, but lose the division title to 12-2 Denver. They settled for a wild card playoff berth, beating the Colts 37-31 in two overtimes, but then falling to the\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862641\",\n \"text\": \"following two years, the Raiders again won Western Division titles, only to lose the AFL Championship to the eventual Super Bowl winners—the New York Jets (1968) and Kansas City Chiefs (1969). In 1969, John Madden became the team's sixth head coach, and under him the Raiders became one of the most successful franchises in the NFL, winning six division titles during the 1970s. In 1970, the AFL–NFL merger took place and the Raiders joined the Western Division of the American Football Conference in the newly merged NFL. The first post-merger season saw the Raiders win the AFC West with an\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12147847\",\n \"text\": \"game, their third straight, they lost to the Steelers for the second straight season 16-10. Opposing quarterbacks had a passer-rating of 37.2 against Oakland in 1975, the second-lowest total of the Super Bowl era. The Raiders defeated the Cincinnati Bengals 31–28 in the divisional round in Oakland. The following Sunday, they fell to the Pittsburgh Steelers 16–10 in the AFC Championship Game. 1975 Oakland Raiders season The 1975 Oakland Raiders season was the team's 16th season, and 6th in the National Football League. The 1975 season would be George Blanda's final season in the NFL. Blanda retired with two significant\",\n \"title\": \"1975 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12403038\",\n \"text\": \"in 2004. Gannon was named to four consecutive Pro Bowls (1999–2002) while playing for the Raiders. 1999 Oakland Raiders season The 1999 Oakland Raiders season was their 40th in the league. They matched their previous season's output of 8–8. Thirteen of the team's sixteen games were decided by a touchdown or less, and none of the Raiders' eight losses were by more than a touchdown. The season saw the team acquire quarterback Rich Gannon, who had his best seasons with the Raiders, being named MVP in 2002 and leading the team to a Super Bowl, that same season. His following\",\n \"title\": \"1999 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1491907\",\n \"text\": \"and the Stanley Cup Finals in the same year, following California itself ten years earlier, when the Los Angeles Kings went to the Finals four months after Pasadena hosted Super Bowl XXVII. It was then succeeded by itself again in 2016 when Super Bowl 50 took place in San Francisco and the San Jose Sharks made the Stanley Cup Finals. After moving back to Oakland, California in 1995, the Raiders suffered sub-par seasons, including a 4–12 record in 1997. Under Gruden's leadership, the Raiders improved to 8–8 in both 1998 and 1999. The team was further boosted in 1999 with\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXVII\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"394011\",\n \"text\": \"before the AFL–NFL merger and following that up with losses in Super Bowls VIII and IX. Oakland gained a Super Bowl record 429 yards, including a Super Bowl record 288 yards in the first half, en route to winning Super Bowl XI. After a scoreless first quarter, Oakland scored on three consecutive possessions to take a 16–0 lead at halftime. The Raiders also had two fourth quarter interceptions, including cornerback Willie Brown’s 75-yard return for a touchdown. Oakland wide receiver Fred Biletnikoff, who had 4 catches for 79 yards that set up three Raider touchdowns, was named the game’s Most\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XI\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862661\",\n \"text\": \"Raiders failed to qualify for the playoffs for a second consecutive season. After two more unsuccessful seasons (7-9 in 1996 and 4-12 in 1997) under White and his successor, Joe Bugel, Davis selected a new head coach from outside the Raiders organization for only the second time when he hired Philadelphia Eagles offensive coordinator Jon Gruden, who previously worked for the 49ers and Packers under head coach Mike Holmgren. Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8-8 seasons in 1998 and 1999, and climbed out of last place in the AFC West. Oakland finished 12-4 in the 2000 season, the team's\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305592\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl. From 1990 to 1999, the Raiders have lost 17 out of 20 regular season meetings between the Chiefs, including a 10–game losing streak at Kansas City; the Raiders also lost to the Chiefs on December 28, 1991 Wild Card Playoffs; final score was 10–6. On September 8, 1996, the Chiefs also began to lead the overall series against the Raiders for the first time since November 23, 1969. On January 1, 2000, the last game of the 1999 NFL regular season, the Raiders defeated the Chiefs for the first time in Kansas City since 1988 in overtime on\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"376021\",\n \"text\": \"the decade. They would become only the second team in the history of the NFL to do so (after the 1990s Dallas Cowboys). In Super Bowl XXXVI, first-year starting quarterback Tom Brady led his team to a 20–17 upset victory over the St. Louis Rams. Brady would go on to win the MVP award for this game. The Patriots also won Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX defeating the Carolina Panthers and the Philadelphia Eagles respectively. This four-year stretch of Patriot dominance was interrupted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' 48–21 Super Bowl XXXVII victory over the Oakland Raiders. The Pittsburgh Steelers\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305609\",\n \"text\": \"history. The Raiders faced the Houston Oilers throughout the AFL era and twice in AFL playoffs in the late 1960s, winning 40–7 in 1967 on their way to Super Bowl II and 56–7 in the 1969 divisional playoffs. Oakland defeated the Oilers in the 1980 Wild Card playoffs 27–7 and defeated the Titans in the 2002 AFC Championship Game 41–24; the combined scores of these four games is 164–45. As mentioned earlier, the Oakland Raiders and Los Angeles Rams had a rivalry during the 13 years both teams shared the Los Angeles market. The teams met six times in the\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862665\",\n \"text\": \"division title, and clinched the top seed in the playoffs. Rich Gannon was named MVP of the NFL after passing for a league-high 4,689 yards. After beating the New York Jets and Tennessee Titans by large margins in the playoffs, the Raiders made their fifth Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl XXXVII. Their opponent was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, coached by Gruden. The Raiders, who had not made significant changes to Gruden's offensive schemes, were intercepted five times by the Buccaneers en route to a 48–21 blowout. Some Tampa Bay players claimed that Gruden had given them so much information\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305539\",\n \"text\": \"both personally and professionally. Bill Callahan, who served as the team's offensive coordinator and offensive line coach during Gruden's tenure, was named head coach. Under Callahan, the Raiders finished the 2002 season 11–5, won their third-straight division title, and clinched the top seed in the playoffs. Rich Gannon was named MVP of the NFL after passing for a league-high 4,689 yards. After beating the Jets and Titans by large margins in the playoffs, the Raiders made their fifth Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl XXXVII. Their opponent was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, coached by Gruden. The Raiders, who had not\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305524\",\n \"text\": \"third NFL championship. Allen set a record for most rushing yards (191) and combined yards (209) in a Super Bowl as the Raiders won their third Super Bowl in eight years. The team had another successful regular season in 1984, finishing 11–5, but a three-game losing streak forced them to enter the playoffs as a wild-card, where they fell to the Seahawks in the Wild Card game. The 1985 Raiders campaign saw 12 wins and a division title as Marcus Allen was named MVP. However, a loss to the Patriots derailed any further postseason hopes. The Raiders' fortunes declined after\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"393944\",\n \"text\": \"for the sixth time in the previous seven seasons. For the first time in four years, the Miami Dolphins were not able to advance to the Super Bowl. While the Steelers defeated the Buffalo Bills 32–14 in the first round, the favored Dolphins lost to the Oakland Raiders 28–26, giving up Raiders running back Clarence Davis' 8-yard touchdown reception with 26 seconds remaining in the game with a play now known as the \\\"Sea of Hands\\\". The key play in the game occurred when the Dolphins were in control and were leading the Raiders 19–14 midway through the fourth quarter.\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl IX\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20298262\",\n \"text\": \"When Was the Last Time When Was the Last Time is the seventh studio album and fifth in the country genre by American country music singer Darius Rucker. It was released on Capitol Records Nashville on October 20, 2017. \\\"If I Told You\\\" was released as the album's lead single on July 5, 2016. It reached No. 1 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Airplay chart dated June 24, 2017, becoming his first No. 1 since \\\"Wagon Wheel\\\" in 2013. The album's second single, \\\"For the First Time,\\\" was released on July 24, 2017. It reached number one on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country\",\n \"title\": \"When Was the Last Time\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8711504\",\n \"text\": \"interception return. The Raiders move to 9–8 against the Steelers in regular season matchups. The Raiders are also now 4–2 (Since 2001) against opponents that were in the Super Bowl the previous season. Both losses came last year when they lost to the New England Patriots and the Philadelphia Eagles (both on the road). In 2004, the Raiders defeated the Super Bowl runner up Carolina Panthers in Carolina, defeated the Patriots at home in 2002 and beat the New York Giants at Giants Stadium in 2001. \\\"at Qwest Field, Seattle, Washington\\\" Hoping to continue building off of their two-game win\",\n \"title\": \"2006 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"394045\",\n \"text\": \"affected by stadium problems that saw them again playing in Oakland in 1995 – although they did reach the AFC Championship in 1991 and be demolished 3–51 by the Bills – before a 33–15 three-season record between 2000 and 2002 saw them return to the Super Bowl for the first time in nineteen seasons. Since then the Raiders have been mainly NFL cellar-dwellers, with only one postseason appearance in 2016 and a record of seven straight seasons with no more than five victories between 2003 and 2009. Super Bowl XI Super Bowl XI was an American football game between the\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XI\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"394016\",\n \"text\": \"Willie Brown. Brown, Upshaw, Biletnikoff and running back Pete Banaszak were the only holdovers from the Oakland team that was defeated nine years earlier in Super Bowl II. Many accused the Raiders defense of being overly aggressive, especially Atkinson, who inflicted a severe concussion on Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver Lynn Swann in the previous season’s AFC Championship Game. Atkinson added to that reputation as the Raiders advanced through the playoffs to Super Bowl XI, as Atkinson inflicted another concussion to Swann in the Raiders' 1976 season opener. In the Raiders' 24–21 playoff win over the New England Patriots, Atkinson broke\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XI\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862640\",\n \"text\": \"Valley about returning to the Raiders. On July 25, 1966, Davis returned as part-owner of the team. He purchased a 10 percent interest in the team for US $18,000, and became the team's third general partner — the partner in charge of football operations. On the field, the team Davis had assembled and coached steadily improved. With John Rauch (Davis's hand-picked successor) as head coach, the Raiders won the 1967 AFL Championship, defeating the Houston Oilers 40-7. The win earned the team a trip to Super Bowl II, where they were beaten 33-14 by Vince Lombardi's Green Bay Packers. The\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20668821\",\n \"text\": \"season around and won Super Bowl XXIII against the Cincinnati Bengals 20–16. San Francisco repeated their Super Bowl championship the next season, trampling the Denver Broncos 55–10. In the meantime, Al Davis began negotiations to return the Raiders to Oakland. In March 1991, Davis announced that he was moving the Raiders back to Oakland, but Los Angeles reached a deal with him to keep the Raiders at the Coliseum later in the year. On September 29, 1991, the 49ers met the Raiders again in Los Angeles, with the Raiders winning 12–6 against a touchdown-less Steve Young San Francisco offense. The\",\n \"title\": \"49ers–Raiders rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1491904\",\n \"text\": \"record. Oakland, \\\"Gruden's \\\"old\\\" team\\\", advanced to their fifth Super Bowl after an regular season. Super Bowl XXXVII is also referred to as the \\\"Pirate Bowl\\\", due to both teams' pirate-themed names. The Raiders came into the game as four-point favorites. However, the Tampa Bay defense dominated the contest. Oakland quarterback Rich Gannon threw a Super Bowl record five interceptions, three of which were returned for touchdowns. The Buccaneers also sacked Gannon five times, and scored 34 consecutive points to build a 34–3 lead late in the third quarter. Tampa Bay safety Dexter Jackson, who had two of those interceptions\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XXXVII\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9565086\",\n \"text\": \"quarter, Brett Favre throws a forty six-yard touchdown pass to tight end Donald Lee with Crosby kicking an extra point. With the loss, the Raiders fell to 4–9, marking their fifth-straight losing season since their Super Bowl XXXVII appearance. Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Packers, the Raiders went home for a Week 15 intraconference duel with the defending Super Bowl champions, the Indianapolis Colts. In the first quarter, Oakland trailed early as Colts kicker Adam Vinatieri managed to get a 22-yard field goal, while CB T.J. Rushing returned a punt 90 yards for a touchdown. In\",\n \"title\": \"2007 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17738456\",\n \"text\": \"an onside kick to determine the outcome. Unfortunately for Oakland, their onside kick try was recovered by Seattle's Jermaine Kearse, and the Seahawks hung on to claim the victory, 30–24. With the loss, the Raiders dropped to 0–8 on the season. After battling the Super Bowl champions in Week 9, the winless Raiders went back home for Week 10 to take on their divisional rival and the defending AFC Champion Denver Broncos for the first time all year. Broncos QB Peyton Manning was immediately picked off by cornerback D.J. Hayden on his second pass of the game 30 seconds in.\",\n \"title\": \"2014 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20298264\",\n \"text\": \"the album charted at No. 8 on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, which is Rucker fifth top 10 album on the chart. It also debuted at No. 2 on the Top Country Albums chart, with 30,000 copies sold in the first week, 34,000 units, including track sales and streams. In its second week, it sold a further 9,300 copies. It has sold 118,100 copies in the United States as of October 2018. Credits by AllMusic When Was the Last Time When Was the Last Time is the seventh studio album and fifth in the country genre by American country music singer\",\n \"title\": \"When Was the Last Time\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305633\",\n \"text\": \"Pro Bowl: The coaches and executives that have contributed to the history & success of the Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders franchise are as follows: Oakland Raiders The Oakland Raiders are a professional American football franchise based in Oakland, California. The Raiders compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. Founded on January 30, 1960, they played their first regular season game on September 11, 1960, as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) which merged with the NFL in 1970. The Raiders' off-field fortunes have varied considerably\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862655\",\n \"text\": \"and fan apathy were evident by this point, and in the summer of 1988, rumors of a Raiders return to Oakland intensified when a preseason game against the Houston Oilers was scheduled at Oakland Coliseum. As early as 1986, Davis began to seek a new, more modern stadium away from the Coliseum and the dangerous neighborhood that surrounded it at the time (which caused the NFL to schedule the Raiders' \\\"Monday Night Football\\\" appearances as away games). In addition to sharing the venue with the USC Trojans, the Coliseum was aging and still lacked the luxury suites and other amenities\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862647\",\n \"text\": \"Broncos 20-17 in the AFC Championship. During a 1978 preseason game, Patriots WR Darryl Stingley was tragically injured by a hit from Raiders FS Jack Tatum and was left paralyzed for life. Although the Raiders achieved a winning record at 9-7, they failed to qualify for the playoffs. After ten consecutive winning seasons and one Super Bowl championship, John Madden left the Raiders (and coaching) in 1979 to pursue a career as a television football commentator. His replacement was former Raiders quarterback Tom Flores, the first Hispanic head coach in NFL history. Flores led the Raiders to another 9-7 season,\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"393731\",\n \"text\": \"system was not used until 1978\\\" Super Bowl II The second AFL-NFL World Championship Game in professional football, known retrospectively as Super Bowl II, was played on January 14, 1968, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The National Football League (NFL)'s defending champion Green Bay Packers defeated the American Football League (AFL) champion Oakland Raiders by the score of 33–14. This game and Super Bowl III are the only two Super Bowl games to be played in back-to-back years in the same stadium. Coming into this game, like during the first Super Bowl, many sports writers and fans believed\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"394181\",\n \"text\": \"the end of the crisis. The Raiders were making their third Super Bowl appearance after posting an 11–5 regular season record, but losing a tiebreaker to the AFC West division winner San Diego Chargers. Oakland then advanced to the Super Bowl with playoff victories over the Houston Oilers, Cleveland Browns, and San Diego. The Eagles were making their first Super Bowl appearance after posting a 12–4 regular season record and postseason victories over the Minnesota Vikings and the Dallas Cowboys. Aided by two touchdown passes from quarterback Jim Plunkett, the Raiders jumped out to a 14–0 lead in the first\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl XV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"376006\",\n \"text\": \"of the Super Bowl, while the Jaguars (1995) and Texans (2002) are both recent NFL expansion teams. (Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville, however, have hosted a Super Bowl, leaving the Browns the only team to date who has neither played in nor whose city has hosted the game.) The Minnesota Vikings won the last NFL Championship before the merger but lost to the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl IV. The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls (Known as the AFL-NFL World Championship Game for these first two contests), defeating the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862628\",\n \"text\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders This article describes the history of the Oakland Raiders. The Raiders are a professional American football club based in Oakland, California. The team competes in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the American Football Conference (AFC) West division. A few months after the first AFL draft in 1959, the owners of the yet-unnamed Minneapolis franchise accepted an offer to join the established National Football League as an expansion team (now called the Minnesota Vikings) in 1961, sending the AFL scrambling for a replacement. At the time, Oakland seemed an unlikely venue for\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"393703\",\n \"text\": \"Super Bowl II The second AFL-NFL World Championship Game in professional football, known retrospectively as Super Bowl II, was played on January 14, 1968, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. The National Football League (NFL)'s defending champion Green Bay Packers defeated the American Football League (AFL) champion Oakland Raiders by the score of 33–14. This game and Super Bowl III are the only two Super Bowl games to be played in back-to-back years in the same stadium. Coming into this game, like during the first Super Bowl, many sports writers and fans believed that any team in the NFL\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl II\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11711389\",\n \"text\": \"known as the Tuck Rule Game. It would be Jon Gruden's final season as head coach in his first stint with the Raiders. After the season he was traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in exchange for Tampa Bay's first-round draft picks in 2002 and 2003, their second-round draft picks in 2004 and 2005, and $8 million in cash. The Raiders faced Gruden and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the Super Bowl the next year, and lost 21–48. Gruden would return to the Raiders as head coach 17 years later in 2018. Raiders on Pro Football Reference 2001 Oakland Raiders\",\n \"title\": \"2001 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305536\",\n \"text\": \"the Raiders fell 16–3 to the eventual Super Bowl champion Ravens. The Raiders acquired all-time leading receiver Jerry Rice prior to the 2001 season. They started 10–3 but lost their last three games and finished with a 10–6 record and a wild card playoff spot. They defeated the New York Jets 38–24 in the wild card round to advance to face the New England Patriots. In a game in which the Raiders led for most of the game, the game was played in a heavy snowstorm. In what would be known as the \\\"Tuck Rule Game\\\", late in the fourth\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305535\",\n \"text\": \"from outside the Raiders organization for only the second time when he hired Philadelphia Eagles offensive coordinator Jon Gruden. Gruden previously worked for the 49ers and Green Bay Packers under head coach Mike Holmgren. Under Gruden, the Raiders posted consecutive 8–8 seasons in 1998 and 1999. Oakland finished 12–4 in the 2000 season, the team's most successful in a decade. Led by veteran quarterback Rich Gannon (MVP), Oakland won their first division title since 1990, and advanced to the AFC Championship, where Gannon was hurt when sacked by Baltimore Ravens' lineman Tony Siragusa. The Raider offense struggled without Gannon, and\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19117931\",\n \"text\": \"game in Mexico, the Raiders returned to Oakland to face the Carolina Panthers. The Raiders were looking to extend their winning streak to five games, the longest streak since their Super Bowl season of 2002. Things started well as the Raiders defense held the Panthers to a three-and-out series and the Raiders offense moved right down the field. Seth Roberts caught a two-yard pass from Derek Carr to put the Raiders up 7–0. The Panthers answered on a three-yard touchdown run by Cam Newton to tie the score. The rest of the first half belonged to the Raiders as Latavius\",\n \"title\": \"2016 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305512\",\n \"text\": \"In 1974, Oakland had a 12–2 regular season, which included a nine-game winning streak. They beat the Dolphins 28–26 in the divisional round of the playoffs in a see-saw battle remembered as the \\\"Sea of Hands\\\" game. They then lost the AFC Championship to the Steelers, who went on to win the Super Bowl. The Raiders were held to only 29 yards rushing by the Pittsburgh defense, and late mistakes turned a 10–3 lead at the start of the fourth quarter into a disappointing 24–13 loss. In the 1975 season opener, the Raiders beat Miami and ended their 31-game home\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862687\",\n \"text\": \"the team permission to relocate to Las Vegas, Nevada, pending the new stadium's estimated completion date in either 2019 or 2020. Until then, the Raiders currently plan to stay in Oakland. This will mark the franchise's third location and second from Oakland. Ground was officially broken on the new stadium on November 13, 2017. History of the Oakland Raiders This article describes the history of the Oakland Raiders. The Raiders are a professional American football club based in Oakland, California. The team competes in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the American Football Conference (AFC) West division.\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12844636\",\n \"text\": \"will not see any playoff contention. Whatever the case, the Raiders ended their dismal season at 5–11. 2009 Oakland Raiders season The 2009 Oakland Raiders season was the 50th season for the original American Football League team, and its 40th in the NFL. On September 6, 2009, The Raiders traded a 2011 draft pick to the New England Patriots for ×5 Pro Bowl Defensive Lineman Richard Seymour. With their loss to Dallas on November 26, 2009, The Raiders sealed their seventh consecutive losing season. After beating the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 6, 2009, the Raiders moved to 4–0 when playing\",\n \"title\": \"2009 Oakland Raiders season\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"305522\",\n \"text\": \"Bowl win. The newly minted Los Angeles Raiders finished the strike-shortened 1982 season 8–1 to win the AFC West, but lost in the second round of the playoffs to the Jets. The following season, the Raiders finished 12–4 to win the AFC West. Convincing playoff wins over the Steelers and Seattle Seahawks in the AFC playoffs propelled the Raiders to their fourth Super Bowl. Against the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII, the Raiders built a lead after blocking a punt and recovering for a touchdown early in the game. A Branch touchdown reception from Plunkett put the Raiders up\",\n \"title\": \"Oakland Raiders\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"376013\",\n \"text\": \"the 20 Super Bowls during these two decades, including 13 straight from Super Bowl XIX to Super Bowl XXXI. The NFC's winning streak was only interrupted when the Los Angeles Raiders routed the Washington Redskins, 38-9 in Super Bowl XVIII. The most successful team of the 1980s was the San Francisco 49ers, which featured the West Coast offense of Hall of Fame head coach Bill Walsh. This offense was led by three-time Super Bowl MVP and Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Montana, Super Bowl MVP and Hall of Fame wide receiver Jerry Rice, running back Roger Craig, and defensive safety/cornerback\",\n \"title\": \"Super Bowl\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18809329\",\n \"text\": \"a springboard to victories in Super Bowl IX and Super Bowl X, before the Raiders notched a 24–7 AFC Championship Game victory at home in 1976 on their way to winning Super Bowl XI. To date, the two last met in the playoffs in 1983 when the eventual Super Bowl champion Raiders, playing in Los Angeles at the time, crushed the Steelers 38–10. The rivalry cooled off in the late 1980s, mainly due to the Raiders on-field struggles since appearing in Super Bowl XXXVII. The teams also met infrequently for several years, playing only twice in the Raiders' final 10\",\n \"title\": \"Raiders–Steelers rivalry\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9862634\",\n \"text\": \"with Bob Blum and Dan Galvin. In 1966. KGO Radio 810 signed a contract with the Oakland Raiders. Bill King was hired for the play-by-play and Scotty Stirling (an \\\"Oakland Tribune\\\" sportswriter) was color commentator. When the University of California refused to let the Raiders play home games at Memorial Stadium in Berkeley, they chose Kezar Stadium in San Francisco as their home field. The team's first regular season home game was played on September 11, 1960, a 37–22 loss to the Houston Oilers. The Raiders were allowed to move to Candlestick Park for the final three home games of\",\n \"title\": \"History of the Oakland Raiders\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["super bowl xv"],"string":"[\n \"super bowl xv\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":898,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what did theodore roosevelt do that brought him to national prominence?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"20140900","text":"2019.\"\" Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt Several memorials have been devoted to Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States. Additionally, various groups have acted to preserve his legacy. In 1919, the Theodore Roosevelt Association (originally known as the Permanent Memorial National Committee) was founded by friends and supporters of Roosevelt. Soon renamed the Roosevelt Memorial Association (RMA), it was chartered in 1920 under Title 36 of the United States Code. In parallel with the RMA was an organization for women, The Women's Theodore Roosevelt Association, that had been founded in 1919 by an act of the New York State","title":"Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20140900\",\n \"text\": \"2019.\\\"\\\" Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt Several memorials have been devoted to Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States. Additionally, various groups have acted to preserve his legacy. In 1919, the Theodore Roosevelt Association (originally known as the Permanent Memorial National Committee) was founded by friends and supporters of Roosevelt. Soon renamed the Roosevelt Memorial Association (RMA), it was chartered in 1920 under Title 36 of the United States Code. In parallel with the RMA was an organization for women, The Women's Theodore Roosevelt Association, that had been founded in 1919 by an act of the New York State\",\n \"title\": \"Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"3336857","text":"park units from 1934 to 1941, and they developed roads and other structures in use today. The area was designated the \"Roosevelt Recreation Demonstration Area\" in 1935. In 1946 it was transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as the \"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge\". President Truman established the \"Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park\" on April 25, 1947, the only National Memorial Park ever established. In 1978, in addition to boundary adjustments and the establishment of 29,920 acres (121.1 km) of the Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness, the park's designation was changed to \"Theodore Roosevelt National Park\". Both main units","title":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park"},{"psg_id":"18596492","text":"documents owned by Roosevelt, such as correspondence both to and from him, photographs, speeches, and his diaries and notes, as well as items about him such as newspaper and magazine articles and political cartoons. Audio recordings and films are also available for visitor use. Among others, the participants in the digitization project include Dickinson State University, Harvard University, The Library of Congress, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, the Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, the Theodore Roosevelt Medora Foundation, the Gregory A. Wynn Theodore Roosevelt Collection, and the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace, Inaugural Site, National Memorial, and National Park. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library"},{"psg_id":"3336863","text":"Park officials manage populations of bison, horses, and elk to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Biologists also monitor prairie dog towns, though the park only controls their population in instances where they pose a threat to buildings or human health. Theodore Roosevelt National Park Theodore Roosevelt National Park is an American national park comprising three geographically separated areas of badlands in western North Dakota. The park was named for U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The park covers of land in three sections: the North Unit, the South Unit, and the Elkhorn Ranch Unit. The park's larger South Unit lies alongside Interstate 94","title":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park"},{"psg_id":"20140898","text":"Both organizations merged in 1956 under the current name. This organization preserved Roosevelt's papers in a 20-year project, preserved his photos and established four public sites: the reconstructed Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, New York City, dedicated in 1923 and donated to the National Park Service in 1963; Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park, Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York, dedicated in 1928 and given to the people of Oyster Bay; Theodore Roosevelt Island in the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., given to the federal government in 1932; Sagamore Hill, Roosevelt's Oyster Bay home, opened to the public in 1953 and","title":"Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"3336853","text":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park Theodore Roosevelt National Park is an American national park comprising three geographically separated areas of badlands in western North Dakota. The park was named for U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The park covers of land in three sections: the North Unit, the South Unit, and the Elkhorn Ranch Unit. The park's larger South Unit lies alongside Interstate 94 near Medora, North Dakota. The smaller North Unit is situated about 80 mi (130 km) north of the South Unit, on U.S. Route 85, just south of Watford City, North Dakota. Roosevelt's Elkhorn Ranch is located between the North","title":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park"},{"psg_id":"7786710","text":"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex The Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex is the largest refuge complex in the state of Mississippi. Over 100,000 acres (400 km) of refuge lands on seven refuges, including 13,000 acres (53 km) of refuge-managed Farmers Home Administration lands, provide vital habitat for fish and wildlife in the Delta region. The complex includes seven refuges: The Headquarters Office for Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex is located on Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge. In January 2004, the Consolidated Appropriations Act changed the name of the Central Mississippi Refuges Complex to Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge","title":"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex"},{"psg_id":"3943248","text":"Theodore Roosevelt V Theodore Roosevelt VI (born circa 1976), known as Theodore Roosevelt V, is an American businessman and environmentalist. Theodore is a great-great-grandson of 26th U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and through his ancestor Cornelius Van Schaack Jr., he is a descendant of the Schuyler family. His name suffix varies since President Roosevelt's father was Theodore Roosevelt Sr., though the same-named son did not commonly use a \"Jr\" name suffix. Theodore Roosevelt V was born to Theodore Roosevelt IV (born 1942), investment banker, and Constance Lane Rogers. He is a great-great-grandson of US President Theodore Roosevelt. As an Oyster Bay","title":"Theodore Roosevelt V"},{"psg_id":"5991157","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site is a recreated brownstone at 28 East 20th Street, between Broadway and Park Avenue South, in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. The house that originally stood on the site was built in 1848 and was bought by the Roosevelts in 1854. Theodore Roosevelt was born there on October 27, 1858, and lived in the house with his family until 1872, when the neighborhood began to become more commercial and the family moved uptown to West 57th Street. The original building was demolished in 1916 to","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site"},{"psg_id":"7480025","text":"an organization for women, The Women's Theodore Roosevelt Association, that had been founded in 1919 by an act of the New York State Assembly. The organizations merged in 1956 under the current name. The two ancestor organizations that eventually combined to form the modern TRA established four public sites: the reconstructed Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site in New York City, dedicated in 1923 and donated to the National Park Service in 1963; Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park in Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York, dedicated in 1928 and given to the people of Oyster Bay; Theodore Roosevelt Island in the","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Association"},{"psg_id":"5991161","text":"Foundation during the fall of 2014 to identify outstanding and diverse sites and spaces designed, engineered and built by women. Notes Sources Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site is a recreated brownstone at 28 East 20th Street, between Broadway and Park Avenue South, in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. The house that originally stood on the site was built in 1848 and was bought by the Roosevelts in 1854. Theodore Roosevelt was born there on October 27, 1858, and lived in the house with his family until 1872, when the neighborhood","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site"},{"psg_id":"3943207","text":"Theodore Roosevelt III Theodore Roosevelt IV (June 14, 1914 – May 2, 2001), commonly known as Theodore Roosevelt III, was an American banker, government official, veteran of World War II, and a grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt through his father, Brig. Gen. Theodore Roosevelt Jr., a politician and World War II military leader, and Eleanor Butler Alexander. His name suffix varies since President Roosevelt's father was Theodore Roosevelt Sr., though the same-named son did not commonly use a \"Jr\" name suffix. Roosevelt was born on June 14, 1914 in New York City. He was the second born and the last","title":"Theodore Roosevelt III"},{"psg_id":"7196676","text":"National Register District contains other resources that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, but the dam itself is no longer a contributing property to the district. Theodore Roosevelt Dam Theodore Roosevelt Dam is a dam on the Salt River located northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The dam is high and forms Theodore Roosevelt Lake as it impounds the Salt River. Originally built between 1905 and 1911; the dam was renovated and expanded in 1989-1996. The dam is named after then-President Theodore Roosevelt. Serving mainly for irrigation, water supply, and flood control, the dam also has a hydroelectric generating","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Dam"},{"psg_id":"6471381","text":"lot was purchased, and the house was re-created as the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site. In 1872, the Roosevelt family moved to a city house at 6 West 57th Street, where Theodore Sr. died in 1878. Theodore Roosevelt Sr. Theodore \"Thee\" Roosevelt Sr. (September 22, 1831 – February 9, 1878) was an American businessman and philanthropist from the Roosevelt family. Roosevelt was also the father of President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal grandfather of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. He served as a member of the plate-glass importing business Roosevelt & Son. Roosevelt helped found the New York City Children's","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Sr."},{"psg_id":"7706224","text":"1884-1918\" (1925), two volumes; \"My Brother Theodore Roosevelt (1921) by Corinne Roosevelt Robinson\"; and \"Theodore Roosevelt and His Time, Shown in His Letters\" (1920), two volumes, by Joseph Bucklin Bishop, included in the Memorial edition. Bishop, whose biography had been authorized by TR before the former President's death, had complete access to what became the collection of Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress. Over 670 quotations in the Cyclopedia are from letters by Roosevelt. The topics and subjects included in the Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia cover the full range of TR's activities and opinions. Issues of TR's times, like","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia"},{"psg_id":"17338140","text":"What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"3943241","text":"Theodore Roosevelt IV Theodore Roosevelt V (born November 27, 1942), commonly known as Theodore Roosevelt IV, is an investment banker and managing director at Barclays Capital Corporation. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Economic Club of New York, and the Foreign Policy Association, and serves on the Advisory Council of Represent.Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization. Roosevelt is also a prominent conservationist. His name suffix varies since President Roosevelt's father was Theodore Roosevelt Sr., though the same-named son did not commonly use a \"Jr\" name suffix. Theodore Roosevelt IV was born on November 27, 1942. He","title":"Theodore Roosevelt IV"},{"psg_id":"4099134","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Island Theodore Roosevelt Island is an island and national memorial located in the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. The island was given to the Federal government by the Theodore Roosevelt Association in memory of the 26th president, Theodore Roosevelt. Until then, the island had been known as My Lord's Island, Barbadoes Island, Mason's Island, Analostan Island, and Anacostine Island. The island is maintained by the National Park Service, as part of the nearby George Washington Memorial Parkway. The land is generally maintained as a natural park, with various trails and a memorial plaza featuring a statue of Roosevelt.","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Island"},{"psg_id":"5991218","text":"many items from the 1901 Pan-American Exposition, including wine glasses, plates, playing cards, and the key to the Temple of Music. The last room is a recreation of the office Roosevelt used during his presidency, and includes an interactive desk which can be used to send e-mails to yourself. The National Historic Site was authorized on November 2, 1966. As an historic area administered by the National Park Service, it was automatically listed on the National Register of Historic Places the same day. Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site preserves the Ansley Wilcox House,","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site"},{"psg_id":"11974851","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Expressway The Theodore Roosevelt Expressway (also known as the National Highway System High Priority Corridor 58), is made up of several existing highways between Rapid City, South Dakota and the Port of Raymond between Saskatchewan and Montana. It is the northern third of the Ports-to-Plains Alliance. The corridor is approximately long with the majority of the highway two lanes. Congress designated the route as one of 80 National Highway System High-Priority Corridors in 2005 by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. The designation did not create new design standards or create new eligibility for any additional federal funding.","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Expressway"},{"psg_id":"19318253","text":"of the Adirondacks\"), and guide books (\"New York: Historic Towns\"). In addition, by one estimate Roosevelt wrote more than 150,000 letters. In his writing, Roosevelt in his style could be strong, introspective, exuberant, or angry—the subject dictated the style. Theodore Roosevelt bibliography This Theodore Roosevelt bibliography lists the works written by Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt was a diligent and skilled writer. When he lost his fortune in the Dakota Territory in 1886 and needed to make a living to support his family, he did so for the rest of his life by writing. Roosevelt wrote on a wide range of topics","title":"Theodore Roosevelt bibliography"},{"psg_id":"19318252","text":"Theodore Roosevelt bibliography This Theodore Roosevelt bibliography lists the works written by Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt was a diligent and skilled writer. When he lost his fortune in the Dakota Territory in 1886 and needed to make a living to support his family, he did so for the rest of his life by writing. Roosevelt wrote on a wide range of topics and genres, including history (\"The Naval War of 1812\"), autobiography, biography (\"Oliver Cromwell\"), commentary and editorials (whole series for the \"Kansas City Star\" and \"The Outlook\"), memoirs (of his experiences in Cuba leading the Rough Riders), nature (\"Summer Birds","title":"Theodore Roosevelt bibliography"},{"psg_id":"17338142","text":"1989–2003\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\" single European/UK 12\" single UK 12\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"7786711","text":"Complex. The legislation established two new refuges in the Complex – Holt Collier NWR and Theodore Roosevelt NWR, and included provisions to design and construct the Holt Collier Environmental Education and Interpretation Center in the south Delta region. The two new refuges were named to honor President Theodore Roosevelt and the legendary African-American sportsman and hunting guide, Holt Collier. Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex manages approximately 42,000 acres (170 km) of bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi Delta region. Refuge staff have reforested an additional 25,000 acres (100 km) of former agricultural land, bringing the Complex’s total area of","title":"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex"},{"psg_id":"6202578","text":"south side of both units and is credited for being the primary erosional source which created the badlands topography. U.S. Wilderness Areas do not allow motorized or mechanized vehicles, including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are usually allowed with a proper permit, no roads or buildings are constructed and there is also no logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness areas within National Forests and Bureau of Land Management areas also allow hunting in season. Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness is located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. Created by an act of Congress","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness"},{"psg_id":"19088168","text":"and the Black Hills National Forest were all involved. Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument, also known as the Roosevelt Friendship Monument or Friendship Tower, located in the Black Hills National Forest on the outskirts of Deadwood, Lawrence County, South Dakota, is a 31-foot stone tower, including the six-foot-high platform, honoring Theodore Roosevelt. It was the first tribute to the president's memory and was dedicated July 4, 1919. Theodore Roosevelt was a deputy sheriff in Medora, North Dakota in 1884. While looking for a group of horse thieves he met up with Seth Bullock who was the Sheriff","title":"Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument"},{"psg_id":"7706233","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia is a valulable scholarly work that will remain of use as long as anyone is interested in him. The Cyclopedia is now available in CD format and there is a primitive online version of the work at the Theodore Roosevelt Association's web site. There is ongoing discussion on updating that Web publication into a full-featured web-enabled system. Ongoing discussion is taking place both at the Harvard's Houghton Library, the Theodore Roosevelt Association and at Dickinson State University Dickinson State TR papers digitization project for information on the digitizing of Roosevelt's papers, correspondence, articles, and photos. The Jimmy","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia"},{"psg_id":"4438798","text":"established parties. The platform asserted that To that end, the platform called for The book \"The Promise of American Life\", written in 1909 by Herbert Croly, influenced Theodore Roosevelt. New Nationalism was in direct contrast with Woodrow Wilson's policy of The New Freedom, which promoted antitrust modification, tariff reduction, and banking and currency reform. According to Lewis L. Gould, \"The Progressive party did not go as far as the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt would, but it represented a long step in that direction.\" New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt) New Nationalism was Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive political platform during the 1912","title":"New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)"},{"psg_id":"6202576","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness is located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. Created by an act of Congress in 1978, the wilderness covers an area of 29,920 acres (121 km) and comprises over a third of the entire area of Theodore Roosevelt National Park both of which are managed by the National Park Service. There are two geographically separated sections of wilderness, one in each of the units of the National Park. The northern section covers most of the North Unit of the park, in McKenzie County, whereas the somewhat smaller southern section covers only the western","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness"},{"psg_id":"8395628","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Award The Theodore Roosevelt Award is the highest honor the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) may confer on an individual. The award is awarded annually to a graduate from an NCAA member institution who earned a varsity letter in college for participation in intercollegiate athletics, and who ultimately became a distinguished citizen of national reputation based on outstanding life accomplishment. Each awardee, by personal example, is said to exemplify the ideals and purposes to which collegiate athletics are dedicated. The award, nicknamed \"The Teddy,\" is named after U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, whose concern for the conduct of intercollegiate","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Award"},{"psg_id":"12943063","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership The Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, or TRCP, is a non-profit 501(c)(3) coalition of conservation organizations, grassroots partners and outdoor related businesses, the main goal of which is increased federal funding for conservation while preserving access for hunters and fishers. It has lobbied policymakers to do more to address the challenge of climate change, which they say will have a significant impact on the sportsmen community and has teamed with the National Wildlife Federation and Trout Unlimited to form \"Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development,\" which works to preserve natural resources and forests. As of December 2014, the","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership"},{"psg_id":"12943064","text":"President and CEO was Whit Fosburgh. In 2013, the organization's revenue was $3.7 million and it spent 84.1% of its income on programs. Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership The Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, or TRCP, is a non-profit 501(c)(3) coalition of conservation organizations, grassroots partners and outdoor related businesses, the main goal of which is increased federal funding for conservation while preserving access for hunters and fishers. It has lobbied policymakers to do more to address the challenge of climate change, which they say will have a significant impact on the sportsmen community and has teamed with the National Wildlife Federation","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership"},{"psg_id":"7706223","text":"and therefore was not available to the editors. Only one unpublished letter is quoted in the Cyclopedia: TR to the Rev. William W. Moir, October 10, 1898, pp. 534–535, explaining how to pronounce the name Roosevelt. Fortunately, however, many published TR letters were available to the editors in the 1920s and 1930s, most notably in \"Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children\" (1919), covering the years 1898-1911, edited by Joseph Bucklin Bishop, included in both Scribner's National and Memorial editions; \"Letters from Theodore Roosevelt to Anna Roosevelt Cowles\", 1870-1918 (1924); \"Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge,","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia"},{"psg_id":"8543550","text":"and drank. A faqir asked him what he did there. He told him his story and asked the faqir's, repeating when the faqir put him off, until the faqir told him he had been a king, and his seven sons had all tried to win a princess whose hand could only be won by answering the riddle, \"What did the rose do to the cypress?\" and died for their failure. His grief sent him into the desert. This inspired the son with a love for the same princess. His attendants found him and brought him back, but he grew ill","title":"What the Rose did to the Cypress"},{"psg_id":"19088166","text":"Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument, also known as the Roosevelt Friendship Monument or Friendship Tower, located in the Black Hills National Forest on the outskirts of Deadwood, Lawrence County, South Dakota, is a 31-foot stone tower, including the six-foot-high platform, honoring Theodore Roosevelt. It was the first tribute to the president's memory and was dedicated July 4, 1919. Theodore Roosevelt was a deputy sheriff in Medora, North Dakota in 1884. While looking for a group of horse thieves he met up with Seth Bullock who was the Sheriff of Deadwood. The two became lifelong friends and when","title":"Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument"},{"psg_id":"7706222","text":"in the Cyclopedia, not counting excerpts from letters, are from articles, speeches, and other sources not included in the Scribner's editions. Additionally, over forty recorded conversations are quoted, most of these not in the Scribner's editions. The editors of the Cyclopedia, Albert Bushnell Hart and Herbert Ronald Ferleger, unfortunately, did not make use of the unpublished letters in the Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress or of other collections of unpublished papers. And the eight-volume Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, based on the Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress and other collections, came out in the 1950s,","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia"},{"psg_id":"413905","text":"Roosevelt is the stuffed toy bears—teddy bears—named after him following an incident on a hunting trip in Mississippi in 1902. Roosevelt has been portrayed in films and television series such as \"Brighty of the Grand Canyon\", \"The Wind and the Lion\", \"Rough Riders\", \"My Friend Flicka\",\" and Law of the Plainsman.\" Robin Williams portrayed Roosevelt in the form of a wax mannequin that comes to life in \"Night at the Museum\" and its sequels \"\" and \"\". In 2017, it was announced that Leonardo DiCaprio will portray Roosevelt in a biopic to be directed by Martin Scorsese. Moreover, Theodore Roosevelt","title":"Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"3943245","text":"speech at the National Governors Association Annual Meeting in 2001 as well as the keynote address at the Governors Conference on Climate Change in April 2008 sponsored by Yale University. Most recently, he spoke at the Conference of Parties Climate Summit in December 2009 in Copenhagen sponsored by the European Union Parliament. In April he announced his support for Ohio Governor John Kasich's bid for the nomination in the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016. In 1970, Roosevelt married Constance Lane Rogers, with whom he had: Theodore Roosevelt IV Theodore Roosevelt V (born November 27, 1942), commonly known as Theodore Roosevelt","title":"Theodore Roosevelt IV"},{"psg_id":"7786713","text":"was oak-gum-cypress. Canebrakes covered the broader flats on slightly higher ground, forming extensive nearly pure stands beneath huge bottomland hardwood trees. Settlers began clearing the forest in the early 19th century. Today more than 75% of the forest coverage has been lost to land clearing operations for agriculture, transportation, industrialization, and urbanization. The remaining 4.8 million acres (19,000 km) of forest are isolated islands of habitat surrounded by cotton, corn, rice, and bean fields. Most of the surviving forests now occupy low ground dominated by water tolerant species. Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex The Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge","title":"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex"},{"psg_id":"13374369","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Council The Theodore Roosevelt Council, 386 is a local council of the Boy Scouts of America. It is one of the nation's oldest, having been home to its namesake, the former US President, who was a founding member of BSA. The council was established in 1917 and was originally named the Nassau County Council. Although Nassau County was the primary residence of Theodore Roosevelt, the Theodore Roosevelt name was taken by another council in Arizona. That council was merged into the Grand Canyon Council in 1993, freeing the name, and the Nassau County Council assumed the Theodore Roosevelt","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Council"},{"psg_id":"9334637","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Lake Theodore Roosevelt Lake (usually called Roosevelt Lake, sometimes Lake Roosevelt) is a large reservoir formed by Theodore Roosevelt Dam on the Salt River in Arizona as part of the Salt River Project (SRP). Located roughly 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Phoenix in the Salt River Valley, Theodore Roosevelt is the largest lake or reservoir located entirely within the state of Arizona (Lake Mead and Lake Powell are larger but both are located partially within the neighboring states of Nevada and Utah respectively). Both the reservoir and the masonry dam that created it, Roosevelt Dam, were named","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Lake"},{"psg_id":"12510323","text":"by the Village of Medora. These six stones, the three that were dedicated in 1922, and the original stone dedicated Palm Sunday 1919 brought the total of stones up to ten. That would leave 14 additional stones that may have been added before 1924 and whose plaques are today missing, or that were added sometime after 1924 and whose plaques also are missing. The expanded Theodore Roosevelt Monument was moved and rededicated at the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park in Oyster Bay on October 25, 1947. James L. Dowsey of Manhasset, former Nassau County attorney and Republican leader of the town","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Monument Assemblage"},{"psg_id":"17338141","text":"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \"What Did I Do to You?\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \"Affection\" and on \"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\". They were also featured on \"The Collection","title":"What Did I Do to You?"},{"psg_id":"413804","text":"recalled the Battle of Kettle Hill (part of the San Juan Heights) as \"the great day of my life\" and \"my crowded hour\". In 2001, Roosevelt was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions; he had been nominated during the war, but Army officials, annoyed at his grabbing the headlines, blocked it. After returning to civilian life, Roosevelt preferred to be known as \"Colonel Roosevelt\" or \"The Colonel\", though \"Teddy\" remained much more popular with the public, even though Roosevelt openly despised that moniker. Men working closely with Roosevelt customarily called him \"Colonel\" or \"Theodore\". After leaving Cuba","title":"Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"9334642","text":"crosses Theodore Roosevelt Lake just northeast of Roosevelt Dam. The Lake is home to the Grapevine Airstrip, a small general aviation recreational airstrip located a quarter mile from the shore. The airstrip hosts numerous fly-ins a year. Theodore Roosevelt Lake Theodore Roosevelt Lake (usually called Roosevelt Lake, sometimes Lake Roosevelt) is a large reservoir formed by Theodore Roosevelt Dam on the Salt River in Arizona as part of the Salt River Project (SRP). Located roughly 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Phoenix in the Salt River Valley, Theodore Roosevelt is the largest lake or reservoir located entirely within the state","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Lake"},{"psg_id":"7480035","text":"varied as were Theodore Roosevelt's own interests. Members include Rough Rider fans, political memorabilia collectors, and Theodore Roosevelt impersonators. Some members join simply because they enjoy Teddy bears. Membership in the Association includes a subscription to the quarterly TRA Journal, and invitations to association functions. Members also receive free admission to Sagamore Hill in Oyster Bay and the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace in Manhattan, upon presentation of their membership cards. Theodore Roosevelt Association The Theodore Roosevelt Association (TRA) is a historical and cultural organization dedicated to honoring the life and work of Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), the 26th President of the United","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Association"},{"psg_id":"5618810","text":"The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (1979) is a biography of United States President Theodore Roosevelt by Edmund Morris and published by Coward, McCann & Geoghegan when the author was forty years old. It is the first in a trilogy continued more than twenty and thirty years later by \"Theodore Rex\" (2001) and \"Colonel Roosevelt\" (2010). It won the 1980 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and the 1980 National Book Award in Biography. \"The Rise\" covers the time from Roosevelt's birth through his ascendancy to the Presidency. It includes the Roosevelt family history starting with","title":"The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"3943209","text":"died in 1919, his father took on the \"Junior\" last name suffix. As a result, he was known as Theodore, III rather than Theodore IV. As an Oyster Bay Roosevelt, Ted was a descendant of the Schuyler family. His maternal grandparents are Henry Addison Alexander and Grace Green. After graduating from Harvard, Roosevelt worked for the DuPont company from 1936 to 1941. Following the Roosevelt tradition of military service during times of national emergency, during World War II, Roosevelt volunteered as a Navy pilot, serving as a flag lieutenant (i.e. an aide to an admiral) in the Pacific theater. For","title":"Theodore Roosevelt III"},{"psg_id":"6760632","text":"bestselling book \"The Bookseller of Kabul\" by Åsne Seierstad from the school library on the claims that it was pornography. The librarian as well as a number of teachers opposed the ban, saying that students shouldn’t be sheltered from learning the truth about what goes on in other parts of the world. Roosevelt won state championships for hockey in 2011 and boys bowling in 2016. Theodore Roosevelt High School (Michigan) Theodore Roosevelt High School, also known as RHS or Roosevelt, or also Wyandotte High by alumni, is the secondary school serving Wyandotte, Michigan, located on Eureka Road several blocks west","title":"Theodore Roosevelt High School (Michigan)"},{"psg_id":"7805433","text":"was unable to do so during the Roosevelt voyage. The fake Selig film did feature a lion – a tamed aged lion. Roosevelt in Africa Roosevelt in Africa is a film by Cherry Kearton, released in 1910. It is a documentary featuring Theodore Roosevelt in Africa. It is shot in silent black and white. One of the biggest headline-grabbing stories of 1910 was former president Theodore Roosevelt's safari into Africa. Landing in Mombasa in 1909, Roosevelt spent months in the wilds of East Africa, hunting big game in parts of what are now Kenya and Uganda. For some of this","title":"Roosevelt in Africa"},{"psg_id":"15653459","text":"controversy, the government of New York City would not have the statue removed. Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt is a bronze sculpture by James Earle Fraser. It is located at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. The equestrian statue depicts Theodore Roosevelt on horseback. Standing to either side of him are an American Indian and an African. It was dedicated on October 27, 1940. Cast by Gorham Manufacturing Company, Providence, RI. The inscription reads:<br> (On rear of sculpture:) <br> J E FRASER SC 1939 <br> (On front of base:) <br> THEODORE ROOSEVELT<br>","title":"Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"20140899","text":"was donated to the National Park Service in 1963 and is now the Sagamore Hill National Historic Site. Dickinson State University in western North Dakota is attempting to create a presidential Library called the Theodore Roosevelt Center. It has pursued the mission of digitizing and archiving all of TR’s letters, diaries, photographs, political cartoons, audio and video recordings, as well as other media. In 2013, the North Dakota legislature appropriated $12 million to build an actual complex similar to the official libraries run by the National Archives. As of May 2017, the physical library is expected to be completed in","title":"Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"3221296","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Theodore \"Ted\" Roosevelt III (September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944), known as Theodore Roosevelt Jr., was an American government, business, and military leader. He was the eldest son of President Theodore Roosevelt and First Lady Edith Roosevelt. Roosevelt is known for his World War II service, including the directing of troops at Utah Beach during the Normandy landings, for which he received the Medal of Honor. Roosevelt was educated at private academies and Harvard University; after his 1909 graduation from college, he began a successful career in business and investment banking. Having gained pre-World War I","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Jr."},{"psg_id":"15653453","text":"Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt is a bronze sculpture by James Earle Fraser. It is located at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. The equestrian statue depicts Theodore Roosevelt on horseback. Standing to either side of him are an American Indian and an African. It was dedicated on October 27, 1940. Cast by Gorham Manufacturing Company, Providence, RI. The inscription reads:<br> (On rear of sculpture:) <br> J E FRASER SC 1939 <br> (On front of base:) <br> THEODORE ROOSEVELT<br> 1858-1919<br> (On left side of base:)<br> GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK<br>","title":"Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"7480026","text":"Potomac River in Washington, D.C., given to the federal government in 1932; and Sagamore Hill, Roosevelt's Oyster Bay home, which opened to the public in 1953 and, together with nearby \"Old Orchard\", home to Theodore Roosevelt Jr., was donated to the National Park Service in 1963. Along with the 1963 gifts of the Birthplace and Sagamore Hill properties, the TRA donated an endowment to help support both sites. The TRA currently owns Theodore Roosevelt's simple cabin, \"Pine Knot\", near Charlottesville, Virginia, which is managed by the Edith and Theodore Roosevelt Pine Knot Foundation. One of the two TRA ancestor organizations,","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Association"},{"psg_id":"4438796","text":"New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt) New Nationalism was Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive political platform during the 1912 election. Roosevelt made the case for what he called 'the New Nationalism' in a speech in Osawatomie, Kansas, on September 1, 1910. The central issue he argued was government protection of human welfare and property rights, but he also argued that human welfare was more important than property rights. He insisted that only a powerful federal government could regulate the economy and guarantee justice, and that a President can only succeed in making his economic agenda successful if he makes the protection of human welfare","title":"New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)"},{"psg_id":"3221338","text":"Roosevelt married Eleanor Butler Alexander (1888–1960), daughter of Henry Addison Alexander and Grace Green. Ted and Eleanor had four children: Grace (1911–1994), Theodore (1914–2001), Cornelius (1915–1991), and Quentin (1919–1948). His awards include: Theodore Roosevelt Jr. is honored in the scientific names of two species of Caribbean lizards: \"Anolis roosevelti\" and \"Sphaerodactylus roosevelti\". Both species were named and described in 1931 by American herpetologist Chapman Grant, a grandson of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Theodore \"Ted\" Roosevelt III (September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944), known as Theodore Roosevelt Jr., was an American government, business, and military leader.","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Jr."},{"psg_id":"3943208","text":"surviving of four children to Theodore Jr./III and Eleanor Butler Alexander. Theodore had an older sister, Grace Green Roosevelt, who married William McMillan, and two younger brothers, Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt III and Quentin Roosevelt II. Following his father, Ted, and paternal grandfather, T. R., Theodore went to Groton School and graduated from Harvard in 1936, where he was a member of the Hasty Pudding Theatricals and the Owl Club. While at Harvard, Roosevelt played for the Harvard Crimson men's soccer team, and was named a second-team All American in 1934. When his grandfather, President Theodore \"T. R.\" Roosevelt Jr.,","title":"Theodore Roosevelt III"},{"psg_id":"413768","text":"the Schuyler family. Roosevelt's youth was largely shaped by his poor health and debilitating asthma. He repeatedly experienced sudden nighttime asthma attacks that caused the experience of being smothered to death, which terrified both Theodore and his parents. Doctors had no cure. Nevertheless, he was energetic and mischievously inquisitive. His lifelong interest in zoology began at age seven when he saw a dead seal at a local market; after obtaining the seal's head, Roosevelt and two cousins formed what they called the \"Roosevelt Museum of Natural History\". Having learned the rudiments of taxidermy, he filled his makeshift museum with animals","title":"Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"8395629","text":"athletes and athletic programs led to the formation of the NCAA in 1906. Past winners include four former Presidents of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower (1967), Gerald R. Ford (1975), George H.W. Bush (1986), and Ronald Reagan (1990). Theodore Roosevelt Award The Theodore Roosevelt Award is the highest honor the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) may confer on an individual. The award is awarded annually to a graduate from an NCAA member institution who earned a varsity letter in college for participation in intercollegiate athletics, and who ultimately became a distinguished citizen of national reputation based on outstanding life","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Award"},{"psg_id":"20894238","text":"Buchanan confessed having the lyrics stuck in his head. He added that the track can sound shocking initially since \"it forgoes the timelessness of 'Shallow' and its ilk in favor of what feels like pop disposability\", but noted its rising popularity in social media. Warren added her thoughts to Buchanan saying that the track has its \"revenge, because it sticks in your brain. And then you end up saying, 'Why did you do that, do that, do that'.\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"A Star Is Born\". Why Did You Do That? \"Why Did You Do That?\" is","title":"Why Did You Do That?"},{"psg_id":"3943250","text":"a board member of the New York League of Conservation Voters and is the Vice Chair of ecoAmerica. He was an early supporter of President Barack Obama's environmental policies and was on the President's energy and environment committee. As a member of the Vote Bison Advisory Council he helped get the American bison named the National Mammal in 2016. At 32, Roosevelt married Serena Clare Torrey on September 12, 2008. He has competed in multiple full length Ironman races, including the 2012 US Championship in New York and the 2012 World Championship in Kona, Hawaii. Theodore Roosevelt V Theodore Roosevelt","title":"Theodore Roosevelt V"},{"psg_id":"6561253","text":"at Roosevelt, its community partnerships rose from four to thirty. Although Roosevelt still lagged behind other New York City high schools, Roosevelt's rapid and remarkable turnaround brought Baxter a citywide and then national acclaim. On the evening of November 8, 1995, some 900 people, mostly parents, gathered for about two hours at Theodore Roosevelt High School, where New York City's newly appointed chancellor of schools, Rudy Crew, gave the first of a series of talks in all five city boroughs about Crew's vision for the school system of a little over one million students. Crew vowed that his chancellorship would","title":"Theodore Roosevelt High School (New York City)"},{"psg_id":"6471362","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Sr. Theodore \"Thee\" Roosevelt Sr. (September 22, 1831 – February 9, 1878) was an American businessman and philanthropist from the Roosevelt family. Roosevelt was also the father of President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal grandfather of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. He served as a member of the plate-glass importing business Roosevelt & Son. Roosevelt helped found the New York City Children's Aid Society, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the American Museum of Natural History, and the New York Children's Orthopedic Hospital. A participant in New York society life, he was described by one historian as a man of","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Sr."},{"psg_id":"7196669","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Dam Theodore Roosevelt Dam is a dam on the Salt River located northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The dam is high and forms Theodore Roosevelt Lake as it impounds the Salt River. Originally built between 1905 and 1911; the dam was renovated and expanded in 1989-1996. The dam is named after then-President Theodore Roosevelt. Serving mainly for irrigation, water supply, and flood control, the dam also has a hydroelectric generating capacity of 36 megawatts. One of the original five federal projects authorized on March 14, 1903, under the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, Roosevelt Dam was the first major","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Dam"},{"psg_id":"18596490","text":"Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library Since his death in 1919, his family and admirers have from time to time, attempted to establish a Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. All have failed. The first attempt became a national historic site in New York City and the papers themselves were donated to Harvard University. There was another attempt in the 1990s near where Roosevelt had his home in Sagamore Hill, NY. The latest attempt is in North Dakota, where Roosevelt lived for a few years in the 1880s. On April 30, 2013, both chambers of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly passed a","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library"},{"psg_id":"7706221","text":"subjects are listed, counting the extensive cross-reference entries. The original source of each quotation is given, and if the passage appears in the Charles Scribner's Sons editions of the Works of Theodore Roosevelt (1923–1926), volume and page numbers are listed for the National (20 volumes) and/or Memorial (24 volumes) editions. A guide or chart for the Scribner's Memorial and National editions is provided in the \"Editors' Note\" at the beginning of the Cyclopedia, listing the basic contents of each volume. Most of the quotations are taken from the Scribner's editions of the Works of Theodore Roosevelt, but approximately 380 quotations","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia"},{"psg_id":"7480030","text":"dollars for various projects. Bruns was let go from the TRA in 2009, after failing to get a proposed Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Center/Museum (see below) off the ground. In recent years, the organization's endeavors included creation and maintenance of About Theodore Roosevelt, the TRA web site at http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org, which has been criticized by scholars as hagiographic and hard to navigate. The organization also conducts the Theodore Roosevelt Police Awards (given in New York, Dallas, Boston, and Nashville to police officers who have overcome handicaps), and the Theodore Roosevelt Teddy Bear program, which each year gives teddy bears to hospitalized children","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Association"},{"psg_id":"7706231","text":"Roosevelt. The chief weaknesses of the Cyclopedia are, as noted, that the editors did not use the then unpublished letters by TR, and did not trace the roots or indicate the first uses of famous phrases and key concepts. The strengths of the Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia are many. The choice of topics and subjects is almost exhaustive of the possibilities. The book is thoroughly cross-referenced. The editors used a wide variety of sources, from speeches and state papers to recorded conversations and letters to family members, from little-known articles to Roosevelt's numerous books. The quotations given are for the most","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia"},{"psg_id":"4625714","text":"the Virginia side of the river. Five locations for the crossing were considered. In order of preference, they were: 1) South of Little Island, 2) Over the northern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island, 3) Over Little Island, 4) Over the center of Theodore Roosevelt Island, and 5) Over the southern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island. TRA president Frank Ross McCoy, a vocal opponent of the bridge, died in 1954, weakening the TRA's bargaining position. In July 1955, the association agreed to allow the federal government to use the southern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island. The United States Commission of Fine","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Bridge"},{"psg_id":"413766","text":"offer to lead volunteers to France was rejected. Though he had considered running for president again in 1920, Roosevelt's health continued to deteriorate, and he died in 1919. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born on October 27, 1858, at East 20th Street in New York City. He was the second of four children born to socialite Martha Stewart \"Mittie\" Bulloch and businessman and philanthropist Theodore Roosevelt Sr. (brother of Robert Roosevelt and James A. Roosevelt, all sons of Cornelius Roosevelt). He had an older sister, Anna (nicknamed \"Bamie\"), a younger brother, Elliott, and a younger sister, Corinne. Elliott was later the","title":"Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"3336859","text":"grouse, and wild turkeys. Bison may be dangerous and visitors are advised to view them from a distance. Bison, elk, and bighorn sheep have been successfully reintroduced to the park. The scenery changes constantly in relationship with the seasons. The brown, dormant grass dominates from late summer through the winter, but explodes into green color in the early summer along with hundreds of species of flowering plants. Winter can be a beautiful scene as snow covers the sharp terrain of the badlands and locks the park into what Theodore Roosevelt called \"an abode of iron desolation.\" The badlands are very","title":"Theodore Roosevelt National Park"},{"psg_id":"9334638","text":"for U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt who dedicated the dam himself in March 1911. Roosevelt Lake is a popular recreation destination within the Tonto National Forest; the facilities located at this lake are managed by that authority. Roosevelt Lake is the oldest of the six reservoirs constructed and operated by the Salt River Project. It also has the largest storage capacity of the SRP lakes with the ability to store of water when the conservation limit of Roosevelt Dam is reached. When the dam is in flood-control mode, the lake can store of water; however, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Lake"},{"psg_id":"413903","text":"President Calvin Coolidge. For his gallantry at San Juan Hill, Roosevelt's commanders recommended him for the Medal of Honor. In the late 1990s, Roosevelt's supporters again recommended the award. On January 16, 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded Theodore Roosevelt the Medal of Honor posthumously for his charge on San Juan Hill, Cuba, during the Spanish–American War. He is the only president to have received the Medal of Honor. The United States Navy named two ships for Roosevelt: the , a submarine that was in commission from 1961 to 1982, and the , an aircraft carrier that has been on active","title":"Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"4625713","text":"proposed (across Theodore Roosevelt Island, as it happened) in 1952, although at that time the bridge was to have linked with the E Street Expressway. The Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association (later renamed the Theodore Roosevelt Association, or TRA), which owned the island vigorously opposed any bridge across its land. In July 1954, various government agencies and members of Congress came together to propose a bridge connecting to Constitution Avenue NW (although debate continued and numerous unsuccessful proposals were made to move the bridge to other locations over the next four years). Less clear was where the bridge would land on","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Bridge"},{"psg_id":"18596491","text":"bill appropriating $12 million to Dickinson State University to award a grant to the Theodore Roosevelt Center for construction of a building to be named the Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library. To access these funds, the Theodore Roosevelt Center must first raise $3 million from non-state sources. As of May 2017, the physical library is expected to be completed in 2019.\"\" The center is also home to the Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library which has formed partnerships with the Library of Congress and Harvard University, among other institutions. They currently have over 25,000 items online. The Theodore Roosevelt Center digital library includes","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library"},{"psg_id":"16049221","text":"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele","title":"What Did I Do?"},{"psg_id":"13232609","text":"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in North America exclusively as a download game on the PlayStation Store, under the title Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?. However, on February 9, 2010, NIS America revealed it would be changing the game's name to avoid conflict with the Batman franchise. The game was re-released on April 22, 2010 on the PlayStation Network after it was removed to make the changes, while its sequel, \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\", had been delayed to May","title":"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?"},{"psg_id":"13232615","text":"mundane shooters and RPGs with their played out themes of morality, but it's trying too hard to be clever.\" The game currently holds 69% on Metacritic. There have been two sequels to \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\" released on PSP: \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\" and \"No Heroes Allowed!\". A third sequel, \"No Heroes Allowed!\", was released in 2014 for PlayStation Vita, with a fourth, \"No Heroes Allowed! VR\", released on October 14 2017 for PlayStation VR. What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in","title":"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?"},{"psg_id":"3277237","text":"Dickinson Theodore Roosevelt Regional Airport Dickinson Theodore Roosevelt Regional Airport , formerly known as Dickinson Municipal Airport, is a public use airport located five nautical miles (6 mi, 9 km) south of the central business district of Dickinson, in Stark County, North Dakota, United States. It is owned by the Dickinson Airport Authority. The airport serves western North Dakota, eastern Montana and northwest South Dakota, home to Theodore Roosevelt National Park. The airport is served by one airline, United Express, flying an Embraer Regional-Jet (ERJ) to Denver. Delta Connection flew to Minneapolis-St. Paul but ended service on November 30, 2015,","title":"Dickinson Theodore Roosevelt Regional Airport"},{"psg_id":"16049220","text":"What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \"The Hunter\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \"The Hunter\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the","title":"What Did I Do?"},{"psg_id":"413769","text":"that he killed or caught; he then studied the animals and prepared them for display. At age nine, he recorded his observation of insects in a paper entitled \"The Natural History of Insects\". Roosevelt's father significantly influenced him. His father was a prominent leader in New York's cultural affairs; he helped to found the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and had been especially active in mobilizing support for the Union during the Civil War, even though his in-laws included Confederate leaders. Roosevelt said, \"My father, Theodore Roosevelt, was the best man I ever knew. He combined strength and courage with gentleness,","title":"Theodore Roosevelt"},{"psg_id":"3943212","text":"Pine Knot site in Virginia, his grandparents' presidential retreat. On February 3, 1940, Roosevelt married Anne Mason Babcock (December 3, 1917 — January 29, 2001), daughter of George Wheeler Babcock (May 12, 1879 — November 21, 1950) and Anne Mason Bonnycastle Robinson (January 10, 1886 — February 4, 1923). They had one son: Roosevelt died on May 2, 2001 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. He and his wife are buried near Somesville, Maine. Theodore Roosevelt III Theodore Roosevelt IV (June 14, 1914 – May 2, 2001), commonly known as Theodore Roosevelt III, was an American banker, government official, veteran of World","title":"Theodore Roosevelt III"},{"psg_id":"4099145","text":"island. Cars can enter this parking lot only from the northbound lanes of the George Washington Memorial Parkway. Pedestrians and bicyclists can reach the parking lot and footbridge by following the Mount Vernon Trail south from the intersection of Lee Highway and N. Lynn St. in Rosslyn, near Key Bridge. The closest Washington Metro station to the island is the Rosslyn station. Several hiking trails provide access to the memorial and a variety of the island's natural habitats, including a boardwalk through a swampy and marshy area. Theodore Roosevelt Island Theodore Roosevelt Island is an island and national memorial located","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Island"},{"psg_id":"11974854","text":"Montana, the route runs from the North Dakota state line to the Canada–US border. After crossing the state line, the route continues west along U.S. 2 through Bainville en route to Culbertson. In Culbertson the route turns north along Montana Highway 16 through Froid, Medicine Lake, Antelope, Plentywood and Raymond before ending at the Port of Raymond. Theodore Roosevelt Expressway The Theodore Roosevelt Expressway (also known as the National Highway System High Priority Corridor 58), is made up of several existing highways between Rapid City, South Dakota and the Port of Raymond between Saskatchewan and Montana. It is the northern","title":"Theodore Roosevelt Expressway"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3336857\",\n \"text\": \"park units from 1934 to 1941, and they developed roads and other structures in use today. The area was designated the \\\"Roosevelt Recreation Demonstration Area\\\" in 1935. In 1946 it was transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as the \\\"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge\\\". President Truman established the \\\"Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park\\\" on April 25, 1947, the only National Memorial Park ever established. In 1978, in addition to boundary adjustments and the establishment of 29,920 acres (121.1 km) of the Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness, the park's designation was changed to \\\"Theodore Roosevelt National Park\\\". Both main units\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18596492\",\n \"text\": \"documents owned by Roosevelt, such as correspondence both to and from him, photographs, speeches, and his diaries and notes, as well as items about him such as newspaper and magazine articles and political cartoons. Audio recordings and films are also available for visitor use. Among others, the participants in the digitization project include Dickinson State University, Harvard University, The Library of Congress, Mount Rushmore National Memorial, the Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, the Theodore Roosevelt Medora Foundation, the Gregory A. Wynn Theodore Roosevelt Collection, and the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace, Inaugural Site, National Memorial, and National Park. Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3336863\",\n \"text\": \"Park officials manage populations of bison, horses, and elk to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Biologists also monitor prairie dog towns, though the park only controls their population in instances where they pose a threat to buildings or human health. Theodore Roosevelt National Park Theodore Roosevelt National Park is an American national park comprising three geographically separated areas of badlands in western North Dakota. The park was named for U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The park covers of land in three sections: the North Unit, the South Unit, and the Elkhorn Ranch Unit. The park's larger South Unit lies alongside Interstate 94\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20140898\",\n \"text\": \"Both organizations merged in 1956 under the current name. This organization preserved Roosevelt's papers in a 20-year project, preserved his photos and established four public sites: the reconstructed Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, New York City, dedicated in 1923 and donated to the National Park Service in 1963; Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park, Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York, dedicated in 1928 and given to the people of Oyster Bay; Theodore Roosevelt Island in the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., given to the federal government in 1932; Sagamore Hill, Roosevelt's Oyster Bay home, opened to the public in 1953 and\",\n \"title\": \"Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3336853\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Park Theodore Roosevelt National Park is an American national park comprising three geographically separated areas of badlands in western North Dakota. The park was named for U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The park covers of land in three sections: the North Unit, the South Unit, and the Elkhorn Ranch Unit. The park's larger South Unit lies alongside Interstate 94 near Medora, North Dakota. The smaller North Unit is situated about 80 mi (130 km) north of the South Unit, on U.S. Route 85, just south of Watford City, North Dakota. Roosevelt's Elkhorn Ranch is located between the North\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7786710\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex The Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex is the largest refuge complex in the state of Mississippi. Over 100,000 acres (400 km) of refuge lands on seven refuges, including 13,000 acres (53 km) of refuge-managed Farmers Home Administration lands, provide vital habitat for fish and wildlife in the Delta region. The complex includes seven refuges: The Headquarters Office for Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex is located on Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge. In January 2004, the Consolidated Appropriations Act changed the name of the Central Mississippi Refuges Complex to Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3943248\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt V Theodore Roosevelt VI (born circa 1976), known as Theodore Roosevelt V, is an American businessman and environmentalist. Theodore is a great-great-grandson of 26th U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and through his ancestor Cornelius Van Schaack Jr., he is a descendant of the Schuyler family. His name suffix varies since President Roosevelt's father was Theodore Roosevelt Sr., though the same-named son did not commonly use a \\\"Jr\\\" name suffix. Theodore Roosevelt V was born to Theodore Roosevelt IV (born 1942), investment banker, and Constance Lane Rogers. He is a great-great-grandson of US President Theodore Roosevelt. As an Oyster Bay\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt V\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5991157\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site is a recreated brownstone at 28 East 20th Street, between Broadway and Park Avenue South, in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. The house that originally stood on the site was built in 1848 and was bought by the Roosevelts in 1854. Theodore Roosevelt was born there on October 27, 1858, and lived in the house with his family until 1872, when the neighborhood began to become more commercial and the family moved uptown to West 57th Street. The original building was demolished in 1916 to\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7480025\",\n \"text\": \"an organization for women, The Women's Theodore Roosevelt Association, that had been founded in 1919 by an act of the New York State Assembly. The organizations merged in 1956 under the current name. The two ancestor organizations that eventually combined to form the modern TRA established four public sites: the reconstructed Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site in New York City, dedicated in 1923 and donated to the National Park Service in 1963; Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park in Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York, dedicated in 1928 and given to the people of Oyster Bay; Theodore Roosevelt Island in the\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5991161\",\n \"text\": \"Foundation during the fall of 2014 to identify outstanding and diverse sites and spaces designed, engineered and built by women. Notes Sources Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site is a recreated brownstone at 28 East 20th Street, between Broadway and Park Avenue South, in the Flatiron District of Manhattan, New York City. The house that originally stood on the site was built in 1848 and was bought by the Roosevelts in 1854. Theodore Roosevelt was born there on October 27, 1858, and lived in the house with his family until 1872, when the neighborhood\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3943207\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt III Theodore Roosevelt IV (June 14, 1914 – May 2, 2001), commonly known as Theodore Roosevelt III, was an American banker, government official, veteran of World War II, and a grandson of President Theodore Roosevelt through his father, Brig. Gen. Theodore Roosevelt Jr., a politician and World War II military leader, and Eleanor Butler Alexander. His name suffix varies since President Roosevelt's father was Theodore Roosevelt Sr., though the same-named son did not commonly use a \\\"Jr\\\" name suffix. Roosevelt was born on June 14, 1914 in New York City. He was the second born and the last\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt III\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7196676\",\n \"text\": \"National Register District contains other resources that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, but the dam itself is no longer a contributing property to the district. Theodore Roosevelt Dam Theodore Roosevelt Dam is a dam on the Salt River located northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The dam is high and forms Theodore Roosevelt Lake as it impounds the Salt River. Originally built between 1905 and 1911; the dam was renovated and expanded in 1989-1996. The dam is named after then-President Theodore Roosevelt. Serving mainly for irrigation, water supply, and flood control, the dam also has a hydroelectric generating\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Dam\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6471381\",\n \"text\": \"lot was purchased, and the house was re-created as the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site. In 1872, the Roosevelt family moved to a city house at 6 West 57th Street, where Theodore Sr. died in 1878. Theodore Roosevelt Sr. Theodore \\\"Thee\\\" Roosevelt Sr. (September 22, 1831 – February 9, 1878) was an American businessman and philanthropist from the Roosevelt family. Roosevelt was also the father of President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal grandfather of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. He served as a member of the plate-glass importing business Roosevelt & Son. Roosevelt helped found the New York City Children's\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7706224\",\n \"text\": \"1884-1918\\\" (1925), two volumes; \\\"My Brother Theodore Roosevelt (1921) by Corinne Roosevelt Robinson\\\"; and \\\"Theodore Roosevelt and His Time, Shown in His Letters\\\" (1920), two volumes, by Joseph Bucklin Bishop, included in the Memorial edition. Bishop, whose biography had been authorized by TR before the former President's death, had complete access to what became the collection of Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress. Over 670 quotations in the Cyclopedia are from letters by Roosevelt. The topics and subjects included in the Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia cover the full range of TR's activities and opinions. Issues of TR's times, like\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338140\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \\\"My Apple Heart,\\\" \\\"Lay Me Down\\\" and \\\"Something's Happenin'.\\\" \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3943241\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt IV Theodore Roosevelt V (born November 27, 1942), commonly known as Theodore Roosevelt IV, is an investment banker and managing director at Barclays Capital Corporation. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Economic Club of New York, and the Foreign Policy Association, and serves on the Advisory Council of Represent.Us, a nonpartisan anti-corruption organization. Roosevelt is also a prominent conservationist. His name suffix varies since President Roosevelt's father was Theodore Roosevelt Sr., though the same-named son did not commonly use a \\\"Jr\\\" name suffix. Theodore Roosevelt IV was born on November 27, 1942. He\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt IV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4099134\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Island Theodore Roosevelt Island is an island and national memorial located in the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. The island was given to the Federal government by the Theodore Roosevelt Association in memory of the 26th president, Theodore Roosevelt. Until then, the island had been known as My Lord's Island, Barbadoes Island, Mason's Island, Analostan Island, and Anacostine Island. The island is maintained by the National Park Service, as part of the nearby George Washington Memorial Parkway. The land is generally maintained as a natural park, with various trails and a memorial plaza featuring a statue of Roosevelt.\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Island\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5991218\",\n \"text\": \"many items from the 1901 Pan-American Exposition, including wine glasses, plates, playing cards, and the key to the Temple of Music. The last room is a recreation of the office Roosevelt used during his presidency, and includes an interactive desk which can be used to send e-mails to yourself. The National Historic Site was authorized on November 2, 1966. As an historic area administered by the National Park Service, it was automatically listed on the National Register of Historic Places the same day. Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site preserves the Ansley Wilcox House,\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11974851\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Expressway The Theodore Roosevelt Expressway (also known as the National Highway System High Priority Corridor 58), is made up of several existing highways between Rapid City, South Dakota and the Port of Raymond between Saskatchewan and Montana. It is the northern third of the Ports-to-Plains Alliance. The corridor is approximately long with the majority of the highway two lanes. Congress designated the route as one of 80 National Highway System High-Priority Corridors in 2005 by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. The designation did not create new design standards or create new eligibility for any additional federal funding.\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Expressway\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19318253\",\n \"text\": \"of the Adirondacks\\\"), and guide books (\\\"New York: Historic Towns\\\"). In addition, by one estimate Roosevelt wrote more than 150,000 letters. In his writing, Roosevelt in his style could be strong, introspective, exuberant, or angry—the subject dictated the style. Theodore Roosevelt bibliography This Theodore Roosevelt bibliography lists the works written by Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt was a diligent and skilled writer. When he lost his fortune in the Dakota Territory in 1886 and needed to make a living to support his family, he did so for the rest of his life by writing. Roosevelt wrote on a wide range of topics\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19318252\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt bibliography This Theodore Roosevelt bibliography lists the works written by Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt was a diligent and skilled writer. When he lost his fortune in the Dakota Territory in 1886 and needed to make a living to support his family, he did so for the rest of his life by writing. Roosevelt wrote on a wide range of topics and genres, including history (\\\"The Naval War of 1812\\\"), autobiography, biography (\\\"Oliver Cromwell\\\"), commentary and editorials (whole series for the \\\"Kansas City Star\\\" and \\\"The Outlook\\\"), memoirs (of his experiences in Cuba leading the Rough Riders), nature (\\\"Summer Birds\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt bibliography\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338142\",\n \"text\": \"1989–2003\\\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\\\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\\\" single European/UK 12\\\" single UK 12\\\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \\\"Affection\\\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7786711\",\n \"text\": \"Complex. The legislation established two new refuges in the Complex – Holt Collier NWR and Theodore Roosevelt NWR, and included provisions to design and construct the Holt Collier Environmental Education and Interpretation Center in the south Delta region. The two new refuges were named to honor President Theodore Roosevelt and the legendary African-American sportsman and hunting guide, Holt Collier. Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex manages approximately 42,000 acres (170 km) of bottomland hardwood forest in the Mississippi Delta region. Refuge staff have reforested an additional 25,000 acres (100 km) of former agricultural land, bringing the Complex’s total area of\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6202578\",\n \"text\": \"south side of both units and is credited for being the primary erosional source which created the badlands topography. U.S. Wilderness Areas do not allow motorized or mechanized vehicles, including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are usually allowed with a proper permit, no roads or buildings are constructed and there is also no logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. Wilderness areas within National Forests and Bureau of Land Management areas also allow hunting in season. Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness is located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. Created by an act of Congress\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19088168\",\n \"text\": \"and the Black Hills National Forest were all involved. Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument, also known as the Roosevelt Friendship Monument or Friendship Tower, located in the Black Hills National Forest on the outskirts of Deadwood, Lawrence County, South Dakota, is a 31-foot stone tower, including the six-foot-high platform, honoring Theodore Roosevelt. It was the first tribute to the president's memory and was dedicated July 4, 1919. Theodore Roosevelt was a deputy sheriff in Medora, North Dakota in 1884. While looking for a group of horse thieves he met up with Seth Bullock who was the Sheriff\",\n \"title\": \"Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7706233\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia is a valulable scholarly work that will remain of use as long as anyone is interested in him. The Cyclopedia is now available in CD format and there is a primitive online version of the work at the Theodore Roosevelt Association's web site. There is ongoing discussion on updating that Web publication into a full-featured web-enabled system. Ongoing discussion is taking place both at the Harvard's Houghton Library, the Theodore Roosevelt Association and at Dickinson State University Dickinson State TR papers digitization project for information on the digitizing of Roosevelt's papers, correspondence, articles, and photos. The Jimmy\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4438798\",\n \"text\": \"established parties. The platform asserted that To that end, the platform called for The book \\\"The Promise of American Life\\\", written in 1909 by Herbert Croly, influenced Theodore Roosevelt. New Nationalism was in direct contrast with Woodrow Wilson's policy of The New Freedom, which promoted antitrust modification, tariff reduction, and banking and currency reform. According to Lewis L. Gould, \\\"The Progressive party did not go as far as the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt would, but it represented a long step in that direction.\\\" New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt) New Nationalism was Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive political platform during the 1912\",\n \"title\": \"New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6202576\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness is located in the U.S. state of North Dakota. Created by an act of Congress in 1978, the wilderness covers an area of 29,920 acres (121 km) and comprises over a third of the entire area of Theodore Roosevelt National Park both of which are managed by the National Park Service. There are two geographically separated sections of wilderness, one in each of the units of the National Park. The northern section covers most of the North Unit of the park, in McKenzie County, whereas the somewhat smaller southern section covers only the western\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8395628\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Award The Theodore Roosevelt Award is the highest honor the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) may confer on an individual. The award is awarded annually to a graduate from an NCAA member institution who earned a varsity letter in college for participation in intercollegiate athletics, and who ultimately became a distinguished citizen of national reputation based on outstanding life accomplishment. Each awardee, by personal example, is said to exemplify the ideals and purposes to which collegiate athletics are dedicated. The award, nicknamed \\\"The Teddy,\\\" is named after U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, whose concern for the conduct of intercollegiate\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Award\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12943063\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership The Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, or TRCP, is a non-profit 501(c)(3) coalition of conservation organizations, grassroots partners and outdoor related businesses, the main goal of which is increased federal funding for conservation while preserving access for hunters and fishers. It has lobbied policymakers to do more to address the challenge of climate change, which they say will have a significant impact on the sportsmen community and has teamed with the National Wildlife Federation and Trout Unlimited to form \\\"Sportsmen for Responsible Energy Development,\\\" which works to preserve natural resources and forests. As of December 2014, the\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12943064\",\n \"text\": \"President and CEO was Whit Fosburgh. In 2013, the organization's revenue was $3.7 million and it spent 84.1% of its income on programs. Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership The Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, or TRCP, is a non-profit 501(c)(3) coalition of conservation organizations, grassroots partners and outdoor related businesses, the main goal of which is increased federal funding for conservation while preserving access for hunters and fishers. It has lobbied policymakers to do more to address the challenge of climate change, which they say will have a significant impact on the sportsmen community and has teamed with the National Wildlife Federation\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7706223\",\n \"text\": \"and therefore was not available to the editors. Only one unpublished letter is quoted in the Cyclopedia: TR to the Rev. William W. Moir, October 10, 1898, pp. 534–535, explaining how to pronounce the name Roosevelt. Fortunately, however, many published TR letters were available to the editors in the 1920s and 1930s, most notably in \\\"Theodore Roosevelt's Letters to His Children\\\" (1919), covering the years 1898-1911, edited by Joseph Bucklin Bishop, included in both Scribner's National and Memorial editions; \\\"Letters from Theodore Roosevelt to Anna Roosevelt Cowles\\\", 1870-1918 (1924); \\\"Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge,\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8543550\",\n \"text\": \"and drank. A faqir asked him what he did there. He told him his story and asked the faqir's, repeating when the faqir put him off, until the faqir told him he had been a king, and his seven sons had all tried to win a princess whose hand could only be won by answering the riddle, \\\"What did the rose do to the cypress?\\\" and died for their failure. His grief sent him into the desert. This inspired the son with a love for the same princess. His attendants found him and brought him back, but he grew ill\",\n \"title\": \"What the Rose did to the Cypress\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"19088166\",\n \"text\": \"Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument, also known as the Roosevelt Friendship Monument or Friendship Tower, located in the Black Hills National Forest on the outskirts of Deadwood, Lawrence County, South Dakota, is a 31-foot stone tower, including the six-foot-high platform, honoring Theodore Roosevelt. It was the first tribute to the president's memory and was dedicated July 4, 1919. Theodore Roosevelt was a deputy sheriff in Medora, North Dakota in 1884. While looking for a group of horse thieves he met up with Seth Bullock who was the Sheriff of Deadwood. The two became lifelong friends and when\",\n \"title\": \"Mount Theodore Roosevelt Monument\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7706222\",\n \"text\": \"in the Cyclopedia, not counting excerpts from letters, are from articles, speeches, and other sources not included in the Scribner's editions. Additionally, over forty recorded conversations are quoted, most of these not in the Scribner's editions. The editors of the Cyclopedia, Albert Bushnell Hart and Herbert Ronald Ferleger, unfortunately, did not make use of the unpublished letters in the Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress or of other collections of unpublished papers. And the eight-volume Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, based on the Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress and other collections, came out in the 1950s,\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"413905\",\n \"text\": \"Roosevelt is the stuffed toy bears—teddy bears—named after him following an incident on a hunting trip in Mississippi in 1902. Roosevelt has been portrayed in films and television series such as \\\"Brighty of the Grand Canyon\\\", \\\"The Wind and the Lion\\\", \\\"Rough Riders\\\", \\\"My Friend Flicka\\\",\\\" and Law of the Plainsman.\\\" Robin Williams portrayed Roosevelt in the form of a wax mannequin that comes to life in \\\"Night at the Museum\\\" and its sequels \\\"\\\" and \\\"\\\". In 2017, it was announced that Leonardo DiCaprio will portray Roosevelt in a biopic to be directed by Martin Scorsese. Moreover, Theodore Roosevelt\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3943245\",\n \"text\": \"speech at the National Governors Association Annual Meeting in 2001 as well as the keynote address at the Governors Conference on Climate Change in April 2008 sponsored by Yale University. Most recently, he spoke at the Conference of Parties Climate Summit in December 2009 in Copenhagen sponsored by the European Union Parliament. In April he announced his support for Ohio Governor John Kasich's bid for the nomination in the Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016. In 1970, Roosevelt married Constance Lane Rogers, with whom he had: Theodore Roosevelt IV Theodore Roosevelt V (born November 27, 1942), commonly known as Theodore Roosevelt\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt IV\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7786713\",\n \"text\": \"was oak-gum-cypress. Canebrakes covered the broader flats on slightly higher ground, forming extensive nearly pure stands beneath huge bottomland hardwood trees. Settlers began clearing the forest in the early 19th century. Today more than 75% of the forest coverage has been lost to land clearing operations for agriculture, transportation, industrialization, and urbanization. The remaining 4.8 million acres (19,000 km) of forest are isolated islands of habitat surrounded by cotton, corn, rice, and bean fields. Most of the surviving forests now occupy low ground dominated by water tolerant species. Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex The Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Wildlife Refuge Complex\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13374369\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Council The Theodore Roosevelt Council, 386 is a local council of the Boy Scouts of America. It is one of the nation's oldest, having been home to its namesake, the former US President, who was a founding member of BSA. The council was established in 1917 and was originally named the Nassau County Council. Although Nassau County was the primary residence of Theodore Roosevelt, the Theodore Roosevelt name was taken by another council in Arizona. That council was merged into the Grand Canyon Council in 1993, freeing the name, and the Nassau County Council assumed the Theodore Roosevelt\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Council\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9334637\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Lake Theodore Roosevelt Lake (usually called Roosevelt Lake, sometimes Lake Roosevelt) is a large reservoir formed by Theodore Roosevelt Dam on the Salt River in Arizona as part of the Salt River Project (SRP). Located roughly 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Phoenix in the Salt River Valley, Theodore Roosevelt is the largest lake or reservoir located entirely within the state of Arizona (Lake Mead and Lake Powell are larger but both are located partially within the neighboring states of Nevada and Utah respectively). Both the reservoir and the masonry dam that created it, Roosevelt Dam, were named\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"12510323\",\n \"text\": \"by the Village of Medora. These six stones, the three that were dedicated in 1922, and the original stone dedicated Palm Sunday 1919 brought the total of stones up to ten. That would leave 14 additional stones that may have been added before 1924 and whose plaques are today missing, or that were added sometime after 1924 and whose plaques also are missing. The expanded Theodore Roosevelt Monument was moved and rededicated at the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park in Oyster Bay on October 25, 1947. James L. Dowsey of Manhasset, former Nassau County attorney and Republican leader of the town\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Monument Assemblage\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17338141\",\n \"text\": \"by the Grammy Award-winning American house music DJ and producer, David Morales. The Philip Richardson-directed music video was also released. The single became a top forty hit in the European countries reaching number seven in Italy, number eighteen in Finland, number twenty in Ireland and number twenty-five in the United Kingdom. \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" was also released in Japan. In 2014, the remixes of \\\"What Did I Do to You?\\\" were included on the deluxe 2CD + DVD re-release of \\\"Affection\\\" and on \\\"People Hold On ... The Remix Anthology\\\". They were also featured on \\\"The Collection\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to You?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"413804\",\n \"text\": \"recalled the Battle of Kettle Hill (part of the San Juan Heights) as \\\"the great day of my life\\\" and \\\"my crowded hour\\\". In 2001, Roosevelt was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions; he had been nominated during the war, but Army officials, annoyed at his grabbing the headlines, blocked it. After returning to civilian life, Roosevelt preferred to be known as \\\"Colonel Roosevelt\\\" or \\\"The Colonel\\\", though \\\"Teddy\\\" remained much more popular with the public, even though Roosevelt openly despised that moniker. Men working closely with Roosevelt customarily called him \\\"Colonel\\\" or \\\"Theodore\\\". After leaving Cuba\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9334642\",\n \"text\": \"crosses Theodore Roosevelt Lake just northeast of Roosevelt Dam. The Lake is home to the Grapevine Airstrip, a small general aviation recreational airstrip located a quarter mile from the shore. The airstrip hosts numerous fly-ins a year. Theodore Roosevelt Lake Theodore Roosevelt Lake (usually called Roosevelt Lake, sometimes Lake Roosevelt) is a large reservoir formed by Theodore Roosevelt Dam on the Salt River in Arizona as part of the Salt River Project (SRP). Located roughly 80 miles (130 km) northeast of Phoenix in the Salt River Valley, Theodore Roosevelt is the largest lake or reservoir located entirely within the state\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7480035\",\n \"text\": \"varied as were Theodore Roosevelt's own interests. Members include Rough Rider fans, political memorabilia collectors, and Theodore Roosevelt impersonators. Some members join simply because they enjoy Teddy bears. Membership in the Association includes a subscription to the quarterly TRA Journal, and invitations to association functions. Members also receive free admission to Sagamore Hill in Oyster Bay and the Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace in Manhattan, upon presentation of their membership cards. Theodore Roosevelt Association The Theodore Roosevelt Association (TRA) is a historical and cultural organization dedicated to honoring the life and work of Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), the 26th President of the United\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5618810\",\n \"text\": \"The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (1979) is a biography of United States President Theodore Roosevelt by Edmund Morris and published by Coward, McCann & Geoghegan when the author was forty years old. It is the first in a trilogy continued more than twenty and thirty years later by \\\"Theodore Rex\\\" (2001) and \\\"Colonel Roosevelt\\\" (2010). It won the 1980 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and the 1980 National Book Award in Biography. \\\"The Rise\\\" covers the time from Roosevelt's birth through his ascendancy to the Presidency. It includes the Roosevelt family history starting with\",\n \"title\": \"The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3943209\",\n \"text\": \"died in 1919, his father took on the \\\"Junior\\\" last name suffix. As a result, he was known as Theodore, III rather than Theodore IV. As an Oyster Bay Roosevelt, Ted was a descendant of the Schuyler family. His maternal grandparents are Henry Addison Alexander and Grace Green. After graduating from Harvard, Roosevelt worked for the DuPont company from 1936 to 1941. Following the Roosevelt tradition of military service during times of national emergency, during World War II, Roosevelt volunteered as a Navy pilot, serving as a flag lieutenant (i.e. an aide to an admiral) in the Pacific theater. For\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt III\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6760632\",\n \"text\": \"bestselling book \\\"The Bookseller of Kabul\\\" by Åsne Seierstad from the school library on the claims that it was pornography. The librarian as well as a number of teachers opposed the ban, saying that students shouldn’t be sheltered from learning the truth about what goes on in other parts of the world. Roosevelt won state championships for hockey in 2011 and boys bowling in 2016. Theodore Roosevelt High School (Michigan) Theodore Roosevelt High School, also known as RHS or Roosevelt, or also Wyandotte High by alumni, is the secondary school serving Wyandotte, Michigan, located on Eureka Road several blocks west\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt High School (Michigan)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7805433\",\n \"text\": \"was unable to do so during the Roosevelt voyage. The fake Selig film did feature a lion – a tamed aged lion. Roosevelt in Africa Roosevelt in Africa is a film by Cherry Kearton, released in 1910. It is a documentary featuring Theodore Roosevelt in Africa. It is shot in silent black and white. One of the biggest headline-grabbing stories of 1910 was former president Theodore Roosevelt's safari into Africa. Landing in Mombasa in 1909, Roosevelt spent months in the wilds of East Africa, hunting big game in parts of what are now Kenya and Uganda. For some of this\",\n \"title\": \"Roosevelt in Africa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15653459\",\n \"text\": \"controversy, the government of New York City would not have the statue removed. Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt is a bronze sculpture by James Earle Fraser. It is located at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. The equestrian statue depicts Theodore Roosevelt on horseback. Standing to either side of him are an American Indian and an African. It was dedicated on October 27, 1940. Cast by Gorham Manufacturing Company, Providence, RI. The inscription reads:<br> (On rear of sculpture:) <br> J E FRASER SC 1939 <br> (On front of base:) <br> THEODORE ROOSEVELT<br>\",\n \"title\": \"Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20140899\",\n \"text\": \"was donated to the National Park Service in 1963 and is now the Sagamore Hill National Historic Site. Dickinson State University in western North Dakota is attempting to create a presidential Library called the Theodore Roosevelt Center. It has pursued the mission of digitizing and archiving all of TR’s letters, diaries, photographs, political cartoons, audio and video recordings, as well as other media. In 2013, the North Dakota legislature appropriated $12 million to build an actual complex similar to the official libraries run by the National Archives. As of May 2017, the physical library is expected to be completed in\",\n \"title\": \"Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3221296\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Theodore \\\"Ted\\\" Roosevelt III (September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944), known as Theodore Roosevelt Jr., was an American government, business, and military leader. He was the eldest son of President Theodore Roosevelt and First Lady Edith Roosevelt. Roosevelt is known for his World War II service, including the directing of troops at Utah Beach during the Normandy landings, for which he received the Medal of Honor. Roosevelt was educated at private academies and Harvard University; after his 1909 graduation from college, he began a successful career in business and investment banking. Having gained pre-World War I\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"15653453\",\n \"text\": \"Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt is a bronze sculpture by James Earle Fraser. It is located at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City. The equestrian statue depicts Theodore Roosevelt on horseback. Standing to either side of him are an American Indian and an African. It was dedicated on October 27, 1940. Cast by Gorham Manufacturing Company, Providence, RI. The inscription reads:<br> (On rear of sculpture:) <br> J E FRASER SC 1939 <br> (On front of base:) <br> THEODORE ROOSEVELT<br> 1858-1919<br> (On left side of base:)<br> GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK<br>\",\n \"title\": \"Equestrian Statue of Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7480026\",\n \"text\": \"Potomac River in Washington, D.C., given to the federal government in 1932; and Sagamore Hill, Roosevelt's Oyster Bay home, which opened to the public in 1953 and, together with nearby \\\"Old Orchard\\\", home to Theodore Roosevelt Jr., was donated to the National Park Service in 1963. Along with the 1963 gifts of the Birthplace and Sagamore Hill properties, the TRA donated an endowment to help support both sites. The TRA currently owns Theodore Roosevelt's simple cabin, \\\"Pine Knot\\\", near Charlottesville, Virginia, which is managed by the Edith and Theodore Roosevelt Pine Knot Foundation. One of the two TRA ancestor organizations,\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4438796\",\n \"text\": \"New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt) New Nationalism was Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive political platform during the 1912 election. Roosevelt made the case for what he called 'the New Nationalism' in a speech in Osawatomie, Kansas, on September 1, 1910. The central issue he argued was government protection of human welfare and property rights, but he also argued that human welfare was more important than property rights. He insisted that only a powerful federal government could regulate the economy and guarantee justice, and that a President can only succeed in making his economic agenda successful if he makes the protection of human welfare\",\n \"title\": \"New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3221338\",\n \"text\": \"Roosevelt married Eleanor Butler Alexander (1888–1960), daughter of Henry Addison Alexander and Grace Green. Ted and Eleanor had four children: Grace (1911–1994), Theodore (1914–2001), Cornelius (1915–1991), and Quentin (1919–1948). His awards include: Theodore Roosevelt Jr. is honored in the scientific names of two species of Caribbean lizards: \\\"Anolis roosevelti\\\" and \\\"Sphaerodactylus roosevelti\\\". Both species were named and described in 1931 by American herpetologist Chapman Grant, a grandson of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Theodore \\\"Ted\\\" Roosevelt III (September 13, 1887 – July 12, 1944), known as Theodore Roosevelt Jr., was an American government, business, and military leader.\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Jr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3943208\",\n \"text\": \"surviving of four children to Theodore Jr./III and Eleanor Butler Alexander. Theodore had an older sister, Grace Green Roosevelt, who married William McMillan, and two younger brothers, Cornelius Van Schaack Roosevelt III and Quentin Roosevelt II. Following his father, Ted, and paternal grandfather, T. R., Theodore went to Groton School and graduated from Harvard in 1936, where he was a member of the Hasty Pudding Theatricals and the Owl Club. While at Harvard, Roosevelt played for the Harvard Crimson men's soccer team, and was named a second-team All American in 1934. When his grandfather, President Theodore \\\"T. R.\\\" Roosevelt Jr.,\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt III\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"413768\",\n \"text\": \"the Schuyler family. Roosevelt's youth was largely shaped by his poor health and debilitating asthma. He repeatedly experienced sudden nighttime asthma attacks that caused the experience of being smothered to death, which terrified both Theodore and his parents. Doctors had no cure. Nevertheless, he was energetic and mischievously inquisitive. His lifelong interest in zoology began at age seven when he saw a dead seal at a local market; after obtaining the seal's head, Roosevelt and two cousins formed what they called the \\\"Roosevelt Museum of Natural History\\\". Having learned the rudiments of taxidermy, he filled his makeshift museum with animals\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8395629\",\n \"text\": \"athletes and athletic programs led to the formation of the NCAA in 1906. Past winners include four former Presidents of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower (1967), Gerald R. Ford (1975), George H.W. Bush (1986), and Ronald Reagan (1990). Theodore Roosevelt Award The Theodore Roosevelt Award is the highest honor the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) may confer on an individual. The award is awarded annually to a graduate from an NCAA member institution who earned a varsity letter in college for participation in intercollegiate athletics, and who ultimately became a distinguished citizen of national reputation based on outstanding life\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Award\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20894238\",\n \"text\": \"Buchanan confessed having the lyrics stuck in his head. He added that the track can sound shocking initially since \\\"it forgoes the timelessness of 'Shallow' and its ilk in favor of what feels like pop disposability\\\", but noted its rising popularity in social media. Warren added her thoughts to Buchanan saying that the track has its \\\"revenge, because it sticks in your brain. And then you end up saying, 'Why did you do that, do that, do that'.\\\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"A Star Is Born\\\". Why Did You Do That? \\\"Why Did You Do That?\\\" is\",\n \"title\": \"Why Did You Do That?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3943250\",\n \"text\": \"a board member of the New York League of Conservation Voters and is the Vice Chair of ecoAmerica. He was an early supporter of President Barack Obama's environmental policies and was on the President's energy and environment committee. As a member of the Vote Bison Advisory Council he helped get the American bison named the National Mammal in 2016. At 32, Roosevelt married Serena Clare Torrey on September 12, 2008. He has competed in multiple full length Ironman races, including the 2012 US Championship in New York and the 2012 World Championship in Kona, Hawaii. Theodore Roosevelt V Theodore Roosevelt\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt V\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6561253\",\n \"text\": \"at Roosevelt, its community partnerships rose from four to thirty. Although Roosevelt still lagged behind other New York City high schools, Roosevelt's rapid and remarkable turnaround brought Baxter a citywide and then national acclaim. On the evening of November 8, 1995, some 900 people, mostly parents, gathered for about two hours at Theodore Roosevelt High School, where New York City's newly appointed chancellor of schools, Rudy Crew, gave the first of a series of talks in all five city boroughs about Crew's vision for the school system of a little over one million students. Crew vowed that his chancellorship would\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt High School (New York City)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6471362\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Sr. Theodore \\\"Thee\\\" Roosevelt Sr. (September 22, 1831 – February 9, 1878) was an American businessman and philanthropist from the Roosevelt family. Roosevelt was also the father of President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal grandfather of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. He served as a member of the plate-glass importing business Roosevelt & Son. Roosevelt helped found the New York City Children's Aid Society, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the American Museum of Natural History, and the New York Children's Orthopedic Hospital. A participant in New York society life, he was described by one historian as a man of\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Sr.\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7196669\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Dam Theodore Roosevelt Dam is a dam on the Salt River located northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The dam is high and forms Theodore Roosevelt Lake as it impounds the Salt River. Originally built between 1905 and 1911; the dam was renovated and expanded in 1989-1996. The dam is named after then-President Theodore Roosevelt. Serving mainly for irrigation, water supply, and flood control, the dam also has a hydroelectric generating capacity of 36 megawatts. One of the original five federal projects authorized on March 14, 1903, under the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, Roosevelt Dam was the first major\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Dam\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18596490\",\n \"text\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library Since his death in 1919, his family and admirers have from time to time, attempted to establish a Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. All have failed. The first attempt became a national historic site in New York City and the papers themselves were donated to Harvard University. There was another attempt in the 1990s near where Roosevelt had his home in Sagamore Hill, NY. The latest attempt is in North Dakota, where Roosevelt lived for a few years in the 1880s. On April 30, 2013, both chambers of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly passed a\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7706221\",\n \"text\": \"subjects are listed, counting the extensive cross-reference entries. The original source of each quotation is given, and if the passage appears in the Charles Scribner's Sons editions of the Works of Theodore Roosevelt (1923–1926), volume and page numbers are listed for the National (20 volumes) and/or Memorial (24 volumes) editions. A guide or chart for the Scribner's Memorial and National editions is provided in the \\\"Editors' Note\\\" at the beginning of the Cyclopedia, listing the basic contents of each volume. Most of the quotations are taken from the Scribner's editions of the Works of Theodore Roosevelt, but approximately 380 quotations\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7480030\",\n \"text\": \"dollars for various projects. Bruns was let go from the TRA in 2009, after failing to get a proposed Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Center/Museum (see below) off the ground. In recent years, the organization's endeavors included creation and maintenance of About Theodore Roosevelt, the TRA web site at http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org, which has been criticized by scholars as hagiographic and hard to navigate. The organization also conducts the Theodore Roosevelt Police Awards (given in New York, Dallas, Boston, and Nashville to police officers who have overcome handicaps), and the Theodore Roosevelt Teddy Bear program, which each year gives teddy bears to hospitalized children\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Association\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7706231\",\n \"text\": \"Roosevelt. The chief weaknesses of the Cyclopedia are, as noted, that the editors did not use the then unpublished letters by TR, and did not trace the roots or indicate the first uses of famous phrases and key concepts. The strengths of the Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia are many. The choice of topics and subjects is almost exhaustive of the possibilities. The book is thoroughly cross-referenced. The editors used a wide variety of sources, from speeches and state papers to recorded conversations and letters to family members, from little-known articles to Roosevelt's numerous books. The quotations given are for the most\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4625714\",\n \"text\": \"the Virginia side of the river. Five locations for the crossing were considered. In order of preference, they were: 1) South of Little Island, 2) Over the northern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island, 3) Over Little Island, 4) Over the center of Theodore Roosevelt Island, and 5) Over the southern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island. TRA president Frank Ross McCoy, a vocal opponent of the bridge, died in 1954, weakening the TRA's bargaining position. In July 1955, the association agreed to allow the federal government to use the southern end of Theodore Roosevelt Island. The United States Commission of Fine\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"413766\",\n \"text\": \"offer to lead volunteers to France was rejected. Though he had considered running for president again in 1920, Roosevelt's health continued to deteriorate, and he died in 1919. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was born on October 27, 1858, at East 20th Street in New York City. He was the second of four children born to socialite Martha Stewart \\\"Mittie\\\" Bulloch and businessman and philanthropist Theodore Roosevelt Sr. (brother of Robert Roosevelt and James A. Roosevelt, all sons of Cornelius Roosevelt). He had an older sister, Anna (nicknamed \\\"Bamie\\\"), a younger brother, Elliott, and a younger sister, Corinne. Elliott was later the\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3336859\",\n \"text\": \"grouse, and wild turkeys. Bison may be dangerous and visitors are advised to view them from a distance. Bison, elk, and bighorn sheep have been successfully reintroduced to the park. The scenery changes constantly in relationship with the seasons. The brown, dormant grass dominates from late summer through the winter, but explodes into green color in the early summer along with hundreds of species of flowering plants. Winter can be a beautiful scene as snow covers the sharp terrain of the badlands and locks the park into what Theodore Roosevelt called \\\"an abode of iron desolation.\\\" The badlands are very\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt National Park\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9334638\",\n \"text\": \"for U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt who dedicated the dam himself in March 1911. Roosevelt Lake is a popular recreation destination within the Tonto National Forest; the facilities located at this lake are managed by that authority. Roosevelt Lake is the oldest of the six reservoirs constructed and operated by the Salt River Project. It also has the largest storage capacity of the SRP lakes with the ability to store of water when the conservation limit of Roosevelt Dam is reached. When the dam is in flood-control mode, the lake can store of water; however, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"413903\",\n \"text\": \"President Calvin Coolidge. For his gallantry at San Juan Hill, Roosevelt's commanders recommended him for the Medal of Honor. In the late 1990s, Roosevelt's supporters again recommended the award. On January 16, 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded Theodore Roosevelt the Medal of Honor posthumously for his charge on San Juan Hill, Cuba, during the Spanish–American War. He is the only president to have received the Medal of Honor. The United States Navy named two ships for Roosevelt: the , a submarine that was in commission from 1961 to 1982, and the , an aircraft carrier that has been on active\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4625713\",\n \"text\": \"proposed (across Theodore Roosevelt Island, as it happened) in 1952, although at that time the bridge was to have linked with the E Street Expressway. The Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association (later renamed the Theodore Roosevelt Association, or TRA), which owned the island vigorously opposed any bridge across its land. In July 1954, various government agencies and members of Congress came together to propose a bridge connecting to Constitution Avenue NW (although debate continued and numerous unsuccessful proposals were made to move the bridge to other locations over the next four years). Less clear was where the bridge would land on\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Bridge\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18596491\",\n \"text\": \"bill appropriating $12 million to Dickinson State University to award a grant to the Theodore Roosevelt Center for construction of a building to be named the Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library. To access these funds, the Theodore Roosevelt Center must first raise $3 million from non-state sources. As of May 2017, the physical library is expected to be completed in 2019.\\\"\\\" The center is also home to the Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library which has formed partnerships with the Library of Congress and Harvard University, among other institutions. They currently have over 25,000 items online. The Theodore Roosevelt Center digital library includes\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Digital Library\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049221\",\n \"text\": \"Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13232609\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in North America exclusively as a download game on the PlayStation Store, under the title Holy Invasion of Privacy, Badman! What Did I Do To Deserve This?. However, on February 9, 2010, NIS America revealed it would be changing the game's name to avoid conflict with the Batman franchise. The game was re-released on April 22, 2010 on the PlayStation Network after it was removed to make the changes, while its sequel, \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\\\", had been delayed to May\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13232615\",\n \"text\": \"mundane shooters and RPGs with their played out themes of morality, but it's trying too hard to be clever.\\\" The game currently holds 69% on Metacritic. There have been two sequels to \\\"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\\\" released on PSP: \\\"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\\\" and \\\"No Heroes Allowed!\\\". A third sequel, \\\"No Heroes Allowed!\\\", was released in 2014 for PlayStation Vita, with a fourth, \\\"No Heroes Allowed! VR\\\", released on October 14 2017 for PlayStation VR. What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3277237\",\n \"text\": \"Dickinson Theodore Roosevelt Regional Airport Dickinson Theodore Roosevelt Regional Airport , formerly known as Dickinson Municipal Airport, is a public use airport located five nautical miles (6 mi, 9 km) south of the central business district of Dickinson, in Stark County, North Dakota, United States. It is owned by the Dickinson Airport Authority. The airport serves western North Dakota, eastern Montana and northwest South Dakota, home to Theodore Roosevelt National Park. The airport is served by one airline, United Express, flying an Embraer Regional-Jet (ERJ) to Denver. Delta Connection flew to Minneapolis-St. Paul but ended service on November 30, 2015,\",\n \"title\": \"Dickinson Theodore Roosevelt Regional Airport\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16049220\",\n \"text\": \"What Did I Do? \\\"What Did I Do?\\\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \\\"The Hunter\\\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \\\"The Hunter\\\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the\",\n \"title\": \"What Did I Do?\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"413769\",\n \"text\": \"that he killed or caught; he then studied the animals and prepared them for display. At age nine, he recorded his observation of insects in a paper entitled \\\"The Natural History of Insects\\\". Roosevelt's father significantly influenced him. His father was a prominent leader in New York's cultural affairs; he helped to found the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and had been especially active in mobilizing support for the Union during the Civil War, even though his in-laws included Confederate leaders. Roosevelt said, \\\"My father, Theodore Roosevelt, was the best man I ever knew. He combined strength and courage with gentleness,\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3943212\",\n \"text\": \"Pine Knot site in Virginia, his grandparents' presidential retreat. On February 3, 1940, Roosevelt married Anne Mason Babcock (December 3, 1917 — January 29, 2001), daughter of George Wheeler Babcock (May 12, 1879 — November 21, 1950) and Anne Mason Bonnycastle Robinson (January 10, 1886 — February 4, 1923). They had one son: Roosevelt died on May 2, 2001 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. He and his wife are buried near Somesville, Maine. Theodore Roosevelt III Theodore Roosevelt IV (June 14, 1914 – May 2, 2001), commonly known as Theodore Roosevelt III, was an American banker, government official, veteran of World\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt III\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"4099145\",\n \"text\": \"island. Cars can enter this parking lot only from the northbound lanes of the George Washington Memorial Parkway. Pedestrians and bicyclists can reach the parking lot and footbridge by following the Mount Vernon Trail south from the intersection of Lee Highway and N. Lynn St. in Rosslyn, near Key Bridge. The closest Washington Metro station to the island is the Rosslyn station. Several hiking trails provide access to the memorial and a variety of the island's natural habitats, including a boardwalk through a swampy and marshy area. Theodore Roosevelt Island Theodore Roosevelt Island is an island and national memorial located\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Island\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11974854\",\n \"text\": \"Montana, the route runs from the North Dakota state line to the Canada–US border. After crossing the state line, the route continues west along U.S. 2 through Bainville en route to Culbertson. In Culbertson the route turns north along Montana Highway 16 through Froid, Medicine Lake, Antelope, Plentywood and Raymond before ending at the Port of Raymond. Theodore Roosevelt Expressway The Theodore Roosevelt Expressway (also known as the National Highway System High Priority Corridor 58), is made up of several existing highways between Rapid City, South Dakota and the Port of Raymond between Saskatchewan and Montana. It is the northern\",\n \"title\": \"Theodore Roosevelt Expressway\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["president of the united states"],"string":"[\n \"president of the united states\"\n]","isConversational":false}}},{"rowIdx":899,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where is devon sawa now?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1164184","text":"Devon Sawa Devon Edward Sawa (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He began acting when he was a teen, appearing in the films \"Little Giants\" (1994), \"Casper\" (1995), \"Now and Then\" (1995), \"Night of the Twisters\" (1996), \"Wild America\" (1997), and \"SLC Punk!\" (1998). In 1999 he starred in the comedy horror film \"Idle Hands\" with Jessica Alba. A year later he was cast as Alex Browning in the horror film \"Final Destination\". From 2010 to 2013, he had a recurring role on the drama spy fiction series \"Nikita\" as Owen Elliot. Sawa was born in Vancouver, British","title":"Devon Sawa"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1164184\",\n \"text\": \"Devon Sawa Devon Edward Sawa (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He began acting when he was a teen, appearing in the films \\\"Little Giants\\\" (1994), \\\"Casper\\\" (1995), \\\"Now and Then\\\" (1995), \\\"Night of the Twisters\\\" (1996), \\\"Wild America\\\" (1997), and \\\"SLC Punk!\\\" (1998). In 1999 he starred in the comedy horror film \\\"Idle Hands\\\" with Jessica Alba. A year later he was cast as Alex Browning in the horror film \\\"Final Destination\\\". From 2010 to 2013, he had a recurring role on the drama spy fiction series \\\"Nikita\\\" as Owen Elliot. Sawa was born in Vancouver, British\",\n \"title\": \"Devon Sawa\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]","isConversational":false},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"psg_id":"1164187","text":"2013. In 2017, Sawa portrayed the role of Nico Jackson in \"Somewhere Between\" but the show ended after one season. Sawa will appear as Lester Clark Jr. in \"\". He is married to Dawni Sahanovitch and they welcomed their first child, a son, in January 2014. In March 2016, they welcomed their second child, a daughter. Devon Sawa Devon Edward Sawa (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He began acting when he was a teen, appearing in the films \"Little Giants\" (1994), \"Casper\" (1995), \"Now and Then\" (1995), \"Night of the Twisters\" (1996), \"Wild America\" (1997), and \"SLC","title":"Devon Sawa"},{"psg_id":"1164185","text":"Columbia, the son of Joyce and Edward Sawa, a mechanic. Sawa has two older siblings. His father is Polish, and his mother is \"a little bit of everything\". Sawa began his career in 1992 as a children's action toy spokesman. He appeared in the film \"Little Giants\" and then got his big break in \"Casper\", playing the role of Casper as a human boy. In \"Now and Then\" Sawa played Scott Wormer the town bully, and shared a second on-screen kiss with his co-star Christina Ricci (the first was in \"Casper\"). Sawa also starred in \"Wild America\", \"Idle Hands\", \"SLC","title":"Devon Sawa"},{"psg_id":"1164186","text":"Punk!\" and \"Final Destination\". In 2000, Sawa played the title character of the Eminem music video \"Stan\". Sawa later became a voice actor by voicing Flash Thompson in \"\". Sawa continued steadily in recent years by appearing in several independent films including \"Extreme Dating\", \"Shooting Gallery\", \"Devil's Den\", \"Creature Of Darkness\", \"Endure\", \"388 Arletta Avenue\", \"The Philly Kid\", and \"A Resurrection\". Beginning in 2010, Sawa portrayed the role of Owen Elliott on the CW action drama series \"Nikita\". In July 2012, he was promoted to series regular in season 3 of \"Nikita\" and the show ended after 4 seasons in","title":"Devon Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835287","text":"102. Munenori Sawa After graduating from high school, Sawa entered the Battlarts dojo, where he was trained by the promotion's founder Yuki Ishikawa and Tamashii Okamoto in amateur wrestling. Sawa later continued wrestling in college. In 2002, Sawa started taking part in grappling matches, before entering UWF Snakepit Japan, where he received further training in mixed martial arts and professional wrestling. Sawa made his professional wrestling debut on August 31, 2003, but did not become a full-time wrestler until nearly two years later. In 2005, Sawa won a grappling tournament in the class, held by Combat Wrestling. Sawa fought his","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835259","text":"Munenori Sawa After graduating from high school, Sawa entered the Battlarts dojo, where he was trained by the promotion's founder Yuki Ishikawa and Tamashii Okamoto in amateur wrestling. Sawa later continued wrestling in college. In 2002, Sawa started taking part in grappling matches, before entering UWF Snakepit Japan, where he received further training in mixed martial arts and professional wrestling. Sawa made his professional wrestling debut on August 31, 2003, but did not become a full-time wrestler until nearly two years later. In 2005, Sawa won a grappling tournament in the class, held by Combat Wrestling. Sawa fought his only","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835264","text":"losses, Sawa failed to advance from his round-robin block. On February 7, 2010, Sawa took part in Yuta Yoshikawa's retirement match, where he and Ikuto Hidaka defeated Yoshikawa and Katsumi Usuda, with Sawa defeating Yoshikawa via technical knockout. On December 26, Sawa teamed with Battlarts founder Yuki Ishikawa in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Hideki Suzuki and Super Tiger II. Following the match, Ishikawa announced that Battlarts would be folding at the end of 2011. For the final year of the promotion, Sawa and Ishikawa worked together, both as partners and opponents. On June 19, Sawa","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"8202149","text":"performed live on music television programs in Iraqi Kurdistan. Janan's musical style is influenced by Assyrian/Syriac Folk, Kurdish and Turkish music. Janan can also perform fluently in Kurdish. He has been married once and is now divorced, but had two daughters with his ex-wife. He currently resides in Michigan. His brother, Esam Sawa, is also a singer. Janan Sawa Janan Sawa (born 1956 Dohuk, Iraq) () is an Assyrian musician who is noted for making Assyrian folk dance music which have a Kurdish influence in instrumentation. A Chaldean Catholic by faith, Janan started singing in 1972, at the age of","title":"Janan Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835281","text":"losing to the team of Makoto Oishi and Neko Nitta. On June 29, 2007, Sawa wrestled on the first ever match held by the Inoki Genome Federation (IGF), defeating Yuki Ishikawa. The following year, Sawa remained undefeated in IGF with wins over Atsushi Sawada and Kazuhiro Tamura. Sawa returned to IGF on February 22, 2010, defeating Akira Joh. On September 25, Sawa suffered his first loss in IGF, when he was defeated by Chris Daniels. On April 28, 2011, Sawa wrestled his first tag team match in IGF, where he and Taka Kunoh were defeated by Akira Joh and Hideki","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835265","text":"and Ishikawa met in the \"Final Master and Pupil Showdown\" main event singles match, which was won by Ishikawa. On August 21, Sawa teamed with Yujiro Yamamoto in a tag team main event, where they defeated Manabu Suruga and Seiken. Following the match, Sawa announced that he would be retiring from professional wrestling following Battlarts' dissolution. On November 5, 2011, at Battlarts' final event, Sawa defeated Manabu Suruga via submission. Early on in his career, Sawa created himself an alter ego, Lingerie Mutoh, a comedy persona based on Keiji Mutoh. As Lingerie Mutoh, Sawa dressed in a bald cap, fake","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835263","text":"Sawa unsuccessfully challenged Otsuka for his Legend Championship. On July 26, Sawa teamed with Otsuka and Yuki Ishikawa in a six-man elimination tag team match, where they wrestled Daisuke Ikeda, Katsumi Usuda and Super Tiger II to a draw. The match received rave reviews and was later recognized as one of the best matches of 2008. The final singles match between Sawa and Otsuka took place on January 10, 2009, when Otsuka defeated Sawa in the first round of the B-Rule grappling tournament. The following July, Sawa took part in the first B1 Climax tournament. After two wins and two","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835261","text":"Pro Wrestling's Fujita \"Jr.\" Hayato for his first win on July 21, 2007. From October to November, Sawa, along with Yuki Ishikawa, represented Battlarts in Fu-Ten Promotion's Bati Bati tag team tournament, where they made it to the semifinals, before losing to Takahiro Oba and Takeshi Ono. In late 2007, Sawa began feuding with El Dorado Wrestling representative Toru Owashi. On November 11, Owashi and Manabu Hara defeated Sawa and Ikuto Hidaka in a tag team match via referee stoppage, after Sawa was unable to continue following Owashi's powerbomb. On December 24, Sawa and Owashi met in a singles match,","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"11857965","text":"is to find closure and bring an end to the mystery of her brother's disappearance. This year when Mack makes his regular Mother's Day call, she declares her intention to track him down, no matter what. The following day, Monsignor Devon Mackenzie receives a scrap note reading: Uncle Devon, tell Carolyn she must not look for me. Despite the disapproval and angry reactions of loved ones, Carolyn persists in a search that plunges her into a world of unexpected danger and winding questions. Where Are You Now? (novel) Where Are You Now? (2008) is a suspense novel by Mary Higgins","title":"Where Are You Now? (novel)"},{"psg_id":"16835283","text":"three-way match, which also included Genki Horiguchi. On March 26, 2016, Sawa made a one-night return to professional wrestling by taking part in Kenji Takeshima's retirement event. In what was billed as an \"exhibition match\", Sawa wrestled Takeshima to a ten-minute time limit draw. On March 20, 2017, Sawa made an appearance at DDT's 20th anniversary event, taking part in the Ironman Heavymetalweight and King of Dark Championship battle royal, from which he and Ken Ohka were the last men eliminated by Guanchulo. On August 20, Sawa made another appearance for DDT at the 2017 \"Ryogoku Peter Pan\" event, where","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835277","text":"voted Sawa the 2011 MVP. From 2005 to 2009, Sawa made a couple of appearances per year for DDT, where he went on to become a two-time Ironman Heavymetalweight Champion as Lingerie Mutoh. In 2010, Sawa began working more regularly for the promotion under his real name, winning the Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship two more times, before he and Sanshiro Takagi defeated Kudo and Yasu Urano on February 11, 2010, to win the KO-D Tag Team Championship. On July 4, Sawa also unsuccessfully challenged Danshoku Dino for the DDT Extreme Division Championship. After twelve successful defenses and a reign of 199","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835270","text":"Axe Army representatives Minoru Fujita and Takuya Sugawara for the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship. A rematch between the two teams took place on August 3 in Korakuen Hall, where Sawa and Hidaka were victorious, becoming the new NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Champions. Sawa and Hidaka made their first successful defense on August 31 in Battlarts, defeating Yuki Ishikawa and Yuta Yoshikawa. On October 28, Sawa won a one-night qualifying tournament to earn a spot in the 2008 Tenkaichi Jr. tournament. After defeating Takuya Sugawara in his opening round match, Sawa was eliminated from the 2008 Tenkaichi Jr.","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835266","text":"facial hair and women's lingerie and adopted all of Keiji Mutoh's signature moves and mannerisms, often performing them in an exaggerated manner for comedic effect. Sawa, as Lingerie Mutoh, made his debut for Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max on August 20, 2005, when he teamed with Haruka Matsuo in an intergender tag team match, where they defeated Amazing Kong and Fugofugo Yumeji. Sawa worked several intergender matches alongside and against Kong for the rest of the month. On January 24, 2006, Sawa made his first Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max appearance under his real name, losing to Osamu Namiguchi in a singles match. Sawa","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835262","text":"which Owashi won via knockout following another powerbomb. When Owashi left Battlarts at the end of the year, Sawa started a new rivalry with Alexander Otsuka, with the first exchange between the two taking place on April 6, 2008, when Otsuka and Katsumi Usuda defeated Sawa and Yuki Ishikawa in a tag team match with Otsuka defeating Sawa via knockout following a dragon suplex. Sawa and Otsuka met in a singles match on June 8, when Otsuka was again victorious. Nine days later, Sawa's and Otsuka's rivalry led to a match in the Real Japan Pro Wrestling (RJPW) promotion, where","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16877514","text":"Beit Sawa Beit Sawa (; also spelled Bayt Sawa) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Markaz Rif Dimashq District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located just east of Damascus. Nearby localities include Hammurah and Saqba to the south, Arbin to the west, Mesraba and Douma to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Beit Sawa had a population of 6,249 in the 2004 census. According to historian Irfan Shahid, who specializes in Byzantine history, it is possible that Beit Sawa was the site of the Damascene monastery of Sawa al-Haykal. \"Haykal\" refers","title":"Beit Sawa"},{"psg_id":"14069019","text":"used in the NHK TV show Minna no Uta. SAWA went on to write many jingles for Japanese commercials, most famously for Naver's chat client LINE's \"LINE Pay\" and \"LINE Shopping\" service promotions. In 2012, SAWA penned and composed the title track of now disbanded 80s/90s revivalist idol/girl unit, Especia's debut single \"ミッドナイトConfusion\" (Midnight Confusion). In 2015, she produced \"ジュリエットのパラドックス\" for Ex-BiS member Terashima Yufu's second solo mini-album \"好きがはじまるII\" (Suki ga Hajimaru 2), \"ギザギザのロンリナイ\" (Giza Giza no Lonely Night) and for solo Electrodance Idol, KOTO. KOTO and SAWA released a collaboration single entitled \"KOTOSAWASISTERS\" released at KOTO's 17th birthday live","title":"Sawa (singer)"},{"psg_id":"3892972","text":"and lifestyle and other light programming. Radio Sawa's programming consists of roughly 20–25% news and 75–80% pop songs. Apart from songs, most other content is presented in the rubric \"The World Now,\" which includes news, interviews, sports, etc. The station's playlist includes popular Arabic (Middle Eastern), English (mostly American hits) and Spanish (mostly Latin American) songs so as to attract the Arabic listener. There are also occasional specials. Radio Sawa has been subject to criticism from various observers, who question its effectiveness in conveying America's message to the Arab world. Radio Sawa is commonly seen as terms of a solution","title":"Radio Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835279","text":"win the Greater China Unified Nakahara Tag Team Championship. On November 4, 2011, Sawa returned one last time to DDT, teaming with Sanshiro Takagi in a 59-minute three-way tag team match, where they defeated Choun Shiryu and Danshoku Dino, and Brahman Kei and Brahman Shu to retain the Greater China Unified Nakahara Tag Team Championship. During his years in DDT, Sawa also performed on the promotion's New Beijing Pro Wrestling (NBPW) events, working as Lee Ranjei, a Chinese version of his Lingerie Mutoh persona. On June 10, 2006, Sawa made his first and only appearance for All Japan Pro Wrestling","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835275","text":"his first singles title in the promotion, but was defeated by Craig Classic in his match for the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship. On March 27, Sawa reunited with Ikuto Hidaka for a rematch for the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship, but the two were again defeated by Otoko and Sugawara. On June 14, Sawa took part in Dick Togo's Zero1 retirement match, where he, Fujita \"Jr.\" Hayato and Masato Tanaka were defeated by Togo, Funaki and Ikuto Hidaka. On September 14, Sawa entered the 2011 Tenkaichi Jr. tournament with a win over Takuya Sugawara. After defeating Susumu Yokosuka","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16877515","text":"to a religious building, such as a temple or monastery, where refugees and other struggling people could find safety. The village was referenced in a verse by Umayyad-era poet Ubayd Allah ibn Qays al-Ruqayyat. Beit Sawa was visited by Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi in the 1220s, noting that Beit Sawa was \"a village of Damascus.\" In the late 18th-century, the farmlands of Beit Sawa were part of the principal religious endowment (\"waqf\") of the \"ashraf\" families in the northern Syrian city of Hama. The endowment fund belonged to Abd al-Qadir Kaylani, a local scholar and businessman from Hama who died","title":"Beit Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16877516","text":"in 1744. During the current Syrian uprising that began in 2011, Beit Sawa and the nearby Hammurah fields, experienced intermittent shelling by Syrian Army for three days between June 30 to July 2, 2012. On 7 March 2018, the Syrian army captured Beit Sawa. Beit Sawa Beit Sawa (; also spelled Bayt Sawa) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Markaz Rif Dimashq District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located just east of Damascus. Nearby localities include Hammurah and Saqba to the south, Arbin to the west, Mesraba and Douma to the north. According to the Syria","title":"Beit Sawa"},{"psg_id":"3892968","text":"Radio Sawa Radio Sawa () is a 24-hour 7-day-a-week Arabic language radio station broadcasting in the Arab world. The station is a service of the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Inc., which also operates Alhurra Television and is publicly funded by the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the U.S. Congress. The word \"sawa\" (, ) means \"together\" in many spoken Arabic dialects. Preexisting attitudes and concurrent reality of opinions towards the United States led to the creation of Radio Sawa. It seeks to effectively communicate with the youthful population of Arabic-speakers in the Middle East. The station's goal is to promote","title":"Radio Sawa"},{"psg_id":"3892971","text":"the majority of the radio's programming consists of American and Arab pop music. Radio Sawa is controlled by the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), the Federal agency responsible for all U.S. international civilian broadcasting. The BBG founded the Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN), a non-profit news and information organization, to run Radio Sawa and Al Hurra TV. Radio Sawa is a United States Congress-funded public relations endeavor that has enjoyed significant recent popularity in the Middle East. In contrast to the Voice of America radio broadcasts in the region which it replaced, Radio Sawa blends news with contemporary music, arts","title":"Radio Sawa"},{"psg_id":"20816577","text":"29 June 2018, Sawa was appointed manager of Motor Lublin for the third time in his coaching career. He was sacked as coach on 17 September 2018 after the team suffered a 5–3 away defeat to Hutnik Kraków two days earlier. His contract was terminated on 28 September 2018. Mariusz Sawa Mariusz Sawa (born 7 September 1975) is a Polish former football player. Sawa began his career at Gwardia Chełm. In the 1992–93 season, he achieved promotion to Ekstraklasa with Polonia Warsaw. Next season, he played 23 Ekstraklasa games and scored one goal, in a match against Siarka Tarnobrzeg in","title":"Mariusz Sawa"},{"psg_id":"20816575","text":"Mariusz Sawa Mariusz Sawa (born 7 September 1975) is a Polish former football player. Sawa began his career at Gwardia Chełm. In the 1992–93 season, he achieved promotion to Ekstraklasa with Polonia Warsaw. Next season, he played 23 Ekstraklasa games and scored one goal, in a match against Siarka Tarnobrzeg in May 1994. He later played for Górnik Łęczna, Motor Lublin, Avia Świdnik, KS Lublinianka, Rovaniemen Palloseura, Polonia Przemyśl, Lewart Lubartów, and MG MZKS Kozienice. In June 2010, Sawa was named manager of Wisła Puławy, winning promotion from the III liga in his first season, but in January 2012 his","title":"Mariusz Sawa"},{"psg_id":"14069015","text":"Sawa (singer) , stylized as SAWA , is a Japanese singer-songwriter and DJ. In 2009, she signed onto Sony Music Entertainment Japan and joined its sublabel, Epic Records. In 2012 she switched to Bellwood Records and released her 6th mini-album, ソプラノレイン (Soprano Rain). SAWA first appeared in 2003 as a member of the group Jack Knife under Stardust Management. The group performed cover routines live and disbanded in April 2004 without releasing any material. In 2005 SAWA began working with Front Men Entertainment under the name SK-V. Through 2005-2006 this name changed from SK-V to SK5 and finally Kouchi. Although","title":"Sawa (singer)"},{"psg_id":"13558287","text":"ask him to collaborate on the covers. Sawa also worked for Flying Springbok, the inflight magazine of South Africa's national airline, South African Airways, from 1987-2007, specialising in travel and wildlife photography. During this time he visited 70 countries. He published his first solo photography book \"Children of South Africa\" in 1993. He has been honoured with fellowships from three different photographic societies; the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain (1987); the Photographic Society of Southern African (1987); and the Professional Photographers of Southern Africa (1997). Andrzej Sawa Andrzej Sawa (born 1941) is a Polish-South African photographer. Sawa was born","title":"Andrzej Sawa"},{"psg_id":"13558283","text":"Andrzej Sawa Andrzej Sawa (born 1941) is a Polish-South African photographer. Sawa was born in Poland and was taken to a German labour camp in 1943 and lived there with his mother and grandmother until the end of the Second World War in 1945. Both Sawa's paternal and maternal grandfathers were Roman Catholics and perished in Auschwitz concentration camp. He admits that his love for photography began when The Family of Man photographic exhibition came to Poland in 1956, coinciding with the time he was given his first camera, by his grandmother. Sawa obtained an engineering degree in Poland but","title":"Andrzej Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835286","text":"January 15, 2011, Sawa returned to Westside Xtreme Wrestling, when he and Hikaru Sato unsuccessfully challenged Oberhausen Terror Corps (Bad Bones and Carnage) for the wXw World Tag Team Championship. The following day, Sawa entered the Ambition 2 tournament. After wins over Tommy End and Hikaru Sato, Sawa was defeated in the finals of the tournament by Rico Bushido. Sawa returned to Kaiju Big Battel in on October 14, 2011, taking part in an event in Brooklyn, New York. On April 5, 2018, Sawa returned to America, teaming with Daisuke Sekimoto to unsuccessfully challenge Timothy Thatcher and Walter at Evolve","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"14069021","text":"2017 mini-album, Ijippari Mermaid (Obstinate Mermaid). Sawa (singer) , stylized as SAWA , is a Japanese singer-songwriter and DJ. In 2009, she signed onto Sony Music Entertainment Japan and joined its sublabel, Epic Records. In 2012 she switched to Bellwood Records and released her 6th mini-album, ソプラノレイン (Soprano Rain). SAWA first appeared in 2003 as a member of the group Jack Knife under Stardust Management. The group performed cover routines live and disbanded in April 2004 without releasing any material. In 2005 SAWA began working with Front Men Entertainment under the name SK-V. Through 2005-2006 this name changed from SK-V","title":"Sawa (singer)"},{"psg_id":"3892975","text":"targeted to specific regions/countries which are also available online: Names of the cities next to them the broadcast frequency of FM in MHz. Radio Sawa Radio Sawa () is a 24-hour 7-day-a-week Arabic language radio station broadcasting in the Arab world. The station is a service of the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Inc., which also operates Alhurra Television and is publicly funded by the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the U.S. Congress. The word \"sawa\" (, ) means \"together\" in many spoken Arabic dialects. Preexisting attitudes and concurrent reality of opinions towards the United States led to the creation of","title":"Radio Sawa"},{"psg_id":"3892974","text":"draft report prepared by the State Department's inspector general was severely critical of the station. Experts cited in the report concluded that \"Radio Sawa failed to present America to its audience.\" The station's emphasis on popular music has led critics to question if music alone is enough to convey America's message. Some critics point out that what matters is \"not just how many people are tuning in, but how many people are affected by a broadcast's content.\" Radio Sawa is broadcast free across the region, using a combination of: Alongside the mainstream Radio Sawa broadcasts, there are various regional streams","title":"Radio Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835276","text":"in the semifinals, Sawa defeated Fujita \"Jr.\" Hayato on September 17 to win the tournament. As a result, Sawa received another shot at the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship, however, this time Zero1's version of the title, on October 2, but was again defeated by Craig Classic. On November 6, the day after the folding of Battlarts, Sawa wrestled his retirement match as Lingerie Mutoh, losing to World Wonder Ring Stardom representative Yoshiko. Three days later, Sawa was defeated by longtime tag team partner Ikuto Hidaka in his professional wrestling retirement match. At the end of the year, Zero1 fans","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835272","text":"champions Minoru Fujita and Takuya Sugawara. On October 24, Sawa and Hidaka defeated Kamikaze and Kohei Sato to win the NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Championship, becoming double tag team champions. In December, Sawa and Hidaka took part in the 2009 Furinkazan, a tag team tournament featuring both junior heavyweight and heavyweight wrestlers. After two wins and one draw, Sawa and Hidaka were defeated in the final day of the tournament by old rivals Minoru Fujita and Takuya Sugawara and, as a result, finished second in their round-robin block, narrowly missing the finals of the tournament. On January 27, 2010, Sawa","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835269","text":"match. Three days later, Sawa was eliminated from the tournament in the second round by Dick Togo. At the end of the year, on December 2, Sawa unsuccessfully challenged Ikuto Hidaka for the AWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship. In the beginning of 2008, most of Zero1-Max's roster was split up into two opposing camps; Masato Tanaka's Sword Army and Takao Omori's Axe Army. Sawa, along with old acquaintance Ikuto Hidaka decided to join the Sword Army and went on to represent the stable in several matches against members of their rival stable. On July 20, Sawa and Hidaka unsuccessfully challenged","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"18949997","text":"Sawa Lake Sawa Lake () is an Endorheic basin located in the Iraqi governorate of Muthanna near to the Euphrates River, some to the west of Al-Samawa city. This lake has no inlet or outlet, but it draws water from the Euphrates through a system of joint cracks and fissures which transport water to aquifers beneath it. The water's level fluctuates during dry and wet seasons but does not dry up because of the equilibrium state between water feed and evaporation. Lake Sawa is a unique body of water in Iraq since characterized by highest salinity value (up to 35","title":"Sawa Lake"},{"psg_id":"17450456","text":"Caller Information Database featured a statistical report function that could be used finding and targeting new problems in society. Sawa won the Arab Gulf Fund for UN Development in 2010 for its technological progress. In 2010 the training program was extended from 80 hours to 110 hours. The additional 30 hours of training consisted of practical training, listening to other counsellors, discussing the various approaches to calls. In 2014 Sawa's facilities where renovated and Sawa installed a solar power system and a generator, allowing the organization to run the helpline in situations of power cuts. The main focus of Sawa","title":"SAWA (non-profit organization)"},{"psg_id":"10888341","text":"team and league leaders in fouls taken. Following the WUSA's demise in 2003, Sawa returned to Japan, where she played with powerhouse Nippon TV Beleza. In 2004, she was named Women's Player of the Year for the Asian Football Confederation. She played the club until 2008. The club won L.League championship for 4 years in a row (2005-2008). She also was elected L.League MVP awards in 2006 and 2008. On 24 September 2008, Sawa was selected by the Washington Freedom in the first round of the 2008 WPS International Draft. She was a fixture in the Freedom midfield through the","title":"Homare Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835282","text":"Suzuki. After wrestling Joh to a fifteen-minute time limit draw on July 10, Sawa made his final IGF appearance on September 3, 2011, losing to Yuichiro☆Jienotsu☆Nagashima. On January 15, 2008, Sawa made his debut for Dragon Gate, when he, Dick Togo and Ikuto Hidaka unsuccessfully challenged Don Fujii, K-Ness and Masaaki Mochizuki for the Open the Triangle Gate Championship. On February 10, Sawa and Fujita \"Jr.\" Hayato won Dragon Gate's one night Buyuden Cup Tag Tournament. Sawa returned to Dragon Gate on March 22, 2010, when he unsuccessfully challenged Super Shisa for the Open the Brave Gate Championship in a","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835267","text":"and Namiguchi wrestled two rematches during the next two months; the first, on February 24, was won by Sawa, and the second, on March 28, by Namiguchi. In June, Sawa formed a short-lived partnership with Gentaro, which led to him receiving his first title shot in Zero1-Max, when the two unsuccessfully challenged Ikuto Hidaka and Minoru Fujita for the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship on June 26. After spending some time away from Zero1-Max, Sawa returned on September 29 to unsuccessfully challenge Minoru Fujita for the AWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship. Sawa began making more regular appearances for Zero1-Max","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"14069018","text":"for one week. A new mini-album titled \"あいにいくよ (Ai ni Ikuyo)\" was released on April 7, 2010 and saw SAWA working with producers Nawata Hisashi, Jazzin'park, Junya Ookubo Zyun (ANA) and RAM RIDER. SAWAs first full album title \"Welcome to Sa-World\" was released on July 7, 2010. The album featured 7 tracks produced by SAWA herself. After 2 digital download only singles, Mysterious Zone in December, 2012 and Good day Sunshine in May, 2012, SAWA released her 6th mini-album titled \"ソプラノレイン (Soprano Rain)\" on December 19, 2012. The first 5 tracks were produced by SAWA herself. The title track was","title":"Sawa (singer)"},{"psg_id":"6521334","text":"Józef Sawa-Caliński Józef Sawa-Caliński (about 1736 – May 1771) was a Polish noble and a prominent leader of the Confederation of Bar, a movement aimed against the Polish king and his close relations with Russia. Born in Stepashky on Southern Bug to colonel Sawa a Cossack and a Polish noble, little is known of his early life. After the outbreak of hostilities following the proclamation of the Confederation of Bar in 1768, Sawa-Caliński organized a partisan unit of roughly 2000 armed men. He then engaged in partisan warfare in various parts of Poland, mostly against Russian garrisons and units. He","title":"Józef Sawa-Caliński"},{"psg_id":"3892969","text":"pro-American attitudes to youth in the Arab world. Radio Sawa's first broadcast was on March 23, 2002. Its newscasts are broadcast live on air from its studios in Washington, DC and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Radio Sawa also has news bureaus and reporters throughout the Middle East. Radio Sawa and its sister-network, Al Hurra TV, are part of a larger U.S. Public Diplomacy effort in the Middle East. Their stated mission is to \"improve America's image in the Middle East and win the hearts and minds of the Arab people.\" Radio Sawa was first launched on 23 March 2002, initially","title":"Radio Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10289848","text":"created, which main goal is the promotion of artist's works, publishing his works as well as organizing concerts and festivals dedicated to his creative activity. After Marian Sawa's death the owners of his works are Aleksandra and Radosław Sawa, who cooperate with the Marian Sawa's Society. Marian Sawa Marian Sawa (January 12, 1937 in Krasnystaw – April 27, 2005 in Warsaw) was a Polish composer, organist, improviser, musicologist, and pedagogue. He graduated from the Fryderyk Chopin Academy of Music in Warsaw, Poland in Feliks Rączkowski's organ class and Kazimierz Sikorski's composition class. As a pedagogue he has worked in Warsaw","title":"Marian Sawa"},{"psg_id":"17208595","text":"Jalla Dansa Sawa \"Jalla Dansa Sawa\" (meaning Come on and dance together) is a 2013 song by Swedish singer of Iranian origin Behrang Miri which was performed in Melodifestivalen 2013. In the vocals, he is accompanied by Malmö local artists the American-Swede Loulou Lamotte and Italian-Swede Oscar Zia, a contestant in the 2012 series of Swedish \"X Factor\". A song co-written by Anderz Wrethov, Firas Razak Tuma, Tacfarinas Yamoun and by Behrang Miri himself, it is a trilingual song in Swedish, French and Arabic. \"Jalla dansa sawa\" was first performed in the 2013 Melodifestivalen fourth semi-final held on 23 February","title":"Jalla Dansa Sawa"},{"psg_id":"17450458","text":"order to raise physical awareness. Sawa targets children through specific workshops. These workshops consists of puppets shows and discussion. The puppet shows are used as an indirect way of targeting problems such as sexual abuse to children. Sawa also trains professionals such as police officers, prosecutors, medical staff and the family protection unit of the Palestinian Police. They're trained on how to deal with victims of violence, how to deal with the perpetrator and intervention plans. SAWA (non-profit organization) SAWA is a Palestinian, non-profit civil society organization established in 1998 by a group of female volunteers active in women's issues.","title":"SAWA (non-profit organization)"},{"psg_id":"16835285","text":"of the tournament, Sawa unsuccessfully challenged Zack Sabre Jr. for the wXw World Lightweight Championship. On September 11, 2010, Sawa returned to the United States to take part in \"Evolve 5\", losing to the WWE-bound Bryan Danielson in the main event of the evening. At the end of the year, Evolve fans voted Sawa's match with Perkins as the Breakout Match of the Year, while his match with Danielson was named the Match of the Year. While Sawa was in the United States, he also took part in an event held by Kaiju Big Battel in New York City. On","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835284","text":"he worked as Lingerie Mutoh, defeating Gota Ihashi in a dark match. On January 16, 2010, Sawa made his American debut, when he took part in Evolve's first ever event in Rahway, New Jersey, defeating T.J. Perkins via submission. On March 5, Sawa made his debut for German promotion Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw), entering the annual 16 Carat Gold Tournament in Oberhausen. After defeating Paul Tracey in his first round match, Sawa was eliminated from the tournament in the following day's quarterfinals by Big van Walter, who went on to win the entire tournament. On the third and final day","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835278","text":"days, Sawa and Takagi lost the KO-D Tag Team Championship to Danshoku Dino and Shiro Koshinaka on August 29 in a three-way match, which also included Mikami and Tanomusaku Toba. Sawa returned to DDT on June 4, when he and Shigehiro Irie defeated Gentaro and Yasu Urano to win the KO-D Tag Team Championship. The team's reign would last only fifteen days, before they lost the title to Kenny Omega and Michael Nakazawa in their first title defense. On July 24 at \"Ryogoku Peter Pan\", DDT's largest annual event, Sawa and Sanshiro Takagi defeated Great Sasuke and Ricky Fuji to","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835274","text":"to the semifinals of the Tenkaichi Jr. tournament, before losing to tag team partner Ikuto Hidaka. In the 2010 Furinkazan, Sawa opted to team with DDT Pro-Wrestling and Pancrase representative Hikaru Sato instead of Hidaka. However, with a record of one win and three losses, the team finished nowhere near a place in the finals. Despite their unimpressive tournament, Sawa and Sato received a shot at the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship on January 1, 2011, but were unable to dethrone Kaijin Habu Otoko and Takuya Sugawara. On March 6 at Zero1's tenth anniversary event, Sawa attempted to win","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835271","text":"in the semifinals by Tatsuhito Takaiwa, who went on to win the entire tournament. On December 17, Sawa again unsuccessfully challenged his tag team partner Ikuto Hidaka for the Zero1 International Junior Heavyweight Championship. On February 7, 2009, Sawa and Hidaka made their second successful defense of the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship, first in Zero1, against Great Sasuke and Osamu Namiguchi. Sawa continued teaming with Hidaka throughout 2009, with the two making successful title defenses against the teams of Katsumi Usuda and Minoru, Minoru Fujita and Yusaku Obata, Speed of Sounds (Hercules Senga and Tsutomu Oosugi), and previous","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835268","text":"in May 2007, when he joined forces with Ikuto Hidaka, Minoru Fujita and Takuya Sugawara to battle Dick Togo's villainous Far East Connection (FEC) stable in Zero1-Max's junior heavyweight division. The rivalry lasted until August 2, when Sawa, Fujita and Sugawara were defeated in a six-man tag team match by Togo, Masaaki Mochizuki and Tatsuhito Takaiwa. On September 3, Sawa wrestled his up to that point highest profile match in Zero1-Max, when he unsuccessfully challenged Takao Omori for the AWA World Heavyweight Championship. On September 25, Sawa entered his first Tenkaichi Jr. tournament, defeating Chad Malenko in his first round","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"14986054","text":"death, Valle-Inclán wrote to Rubén Darío: Posthumously published in 1910 with a prologue by Rubén Darío, \"Iluminaciones en la sombra\" marked a modernist departure from the naturalist style in which he had written his earlier novels: \"La mujer de todo el mundo\" (1885), \"Crimen legal\" (1886), \"Declaración de un vencido\" (1887), \"Noche\" (1889), \"Criadero de curas\" (1888), and \"La sima de Igusquiza\" (1888). Alejandro Sawa Alejandro Sawa Martínez (15 March 1862 – 3 March 1909) was a Spanish bohemian novelist, poet, and journalist. Born in Seville, Sawa was of Greek origin. His father was an importer of wine and sundries.","title":"Alejandro Sawa"},{"psg_id":"14986050","text":"Alejandro Sawa Alejandro Sawa Martínez (15 March 1862 – 3 March 1909) was a Spanish bohemian novelist, poet, and journalist. Born in Seville, Sawa was of Greek origin. His father was an importer of wine and sundries. After a brief flirtation with the priesthood and a stint at the seminary of Málaga, he underwent a sudden conversion to vehement anticlericalism and thereafter studied law in Granada. He arrived in Madrid in 1885, \"absurd, brilliant, and starving\" (Valle-Inclán, \"Bohemian Lights\"). There he led an impoverished, marginal existence. In 1889, he was lured to Paris by its artistic scene. For a time","title":"Alejandro Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10888348","text":"to a baby girl. Homare Sawa Sawa was born in Fuchū, Tokyo on September 6, 1978. She began playing football at the age of six. While watching her older brother train, she was invited by his coach to join the boys' team on the pitch. In 1991, long considered Japan's finest female footballer, Sawa was promoted to Yomiuri SC Ladies Beleza (later \"NTV Beleza\") from youth team by manager Kazuhiko Takemoto. She made her debut in L.League, Japan's highest domestic league, at the young age of 12. She played as forward and played 136 matches and scored 79 goals in","title":"Homare Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10888346","text":"goal, on an assist by Aya Miyama, in a warm-up match against New Zealand. Sawa and Brazil's Formiga became the first footballers to appear for a record sixth World Cup at the 2015 World Cup in Canada. However Japan went on to lose 5-2 to the US in the final. Sawa has competed in six FIFA Women's World Cups (Sweden 1995, USA 1999, USA 2003, China 2007, Germany 2011, and Canada 2015); she and Brazil's Formiga, who competed at the same Women's World Cups, are the only players of either sex to appear in six World Cup final tournaments. Sawa","title":"Homare Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10888344","text":"Olympics on her way to a Japanese record 201 caps, and a Japanese female-best 81 international goals, including a hat trick in a 2011 World Cup group stage match against Mexico. Sawa led the Japanese national team as captain to a world championship victory at the 2011 World Cup . After a 2–2 tie in front of a sellout crowd in Frankfurt, Germany (with one goal by Sawa in the 117th minute), Japan won the penalty shootout 3–1, defeating the United States to win their first ever World Cup. Sawa was also awarded the Golden Boot for being the tournament's","title":"Homare Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10888339","text":"Homare Sawa Sawa was born in Fuchū, Tokyo on September 6, 1978. She began playing football at the age of six. While watching her older brother train, she was invited by his coach to join the boys' team on the pitch. In 1991, long considered Japan's finest female footballer, Sawa was promoted to Yomiuri SC Ladies Beleza (later \"NTV Beleza\") from youth team by manager Kazuhiko Takemoto. She made her debut in L.League, Japan's highest domestic league, at the young age of 12. She played as forward and played 136 matches and scored 79 goals in League. She was also","title":"Homare Sawa"},{"psg_id":"6521336","text":"days. His life was immortalized by Juliusz Słowacki in his \"Beniowski\" (poem based on Maurice Benyovszky's life), \"Sen srebrny Salomei (en: The Silver Dream of Salomea\")\", Henryk Rzewuski, \"Pamiątki Soplicy\". Józef Sawa-Caliński Józef Sawa-Caliński (about 1736 – May 1771) was a Polish noble and a prominent leader of the Confederation of Bar, a movement aimed against the Polish king and his close relations with Russia. Born in Stepashky on Southern Bug to colonel Sawa a Cossack and a Polish noble, little is known of his early life. After the outbreak of hostilities following the proclamation of the Confederation of Bar","title":"Józef Sawa-Caliński"},{"psg_id":"3892970","text":"in Jordan, West Bank, Kuwait, UAE (Abu Dhabi), Qatar and Bahrain and eventually in the rest of the Arab World (see below for full list). Radio Sawa replaced Voice of America's Arabic service, which had not been successful in attracting large audiences. The initiator of Radio Sawa is American media mogul Norman Pattiz. He found that more than 60% of the Arab population was under the age of 30, which is why he decided to develop programming that would target the younger generation. Pattiz believed that the best way to reach the young people was with music. This is why","title":"Radio Sawa"},{"psg_id":"17450450","text":"areas of domestic violence and abuse. A special hotline for children was established by SAWA and became available for use in 2005. It is called the Palestinian Child Protection Helpline and is part of an international network of child help lines called Child Helpline International. SAWA also publishes and distributes printed material for the purpose of education and awareness of physical, psychological and sexual violence. These efforts toward outreach resulted in the major role SAWA had/has in assisting victims of the siege of Gaza in 2008/09. During the siege of Gaza, an emergency hotline was opened up for traumatized children","title":"SAWA (non-profit organization)"},{"psg_id":"17450449","text":"SAWA works toward the goals of this vision in several basic ways. Intensively trained volunteers and staff work at the national call center hot line, which is free for callers. Counseling and support is given and if needed, medical and legal guidance as well. People in need of SAWA's services can also contact them through email. In addition to the main call center, SAWA has a mobile clinic which allows them to conduct outreach programs in different parts of the community and outlying areas. SAWA also provides training and technical assistance for law enforcement, school personnel and others in the","title":"SAWA (non-profit organization)"},{"psg_id":"17450448","text":"SAWA (non-profit organization) SAWA is a Palestinian, non-profit civil society organization established in 1998 by a group of female volunteers active in women's issues. This organization works to eliminate all types of violence against women and children, and to promote gender equality in Palestinian society. The vision of SAWA is clearly stated: \"We aim to be the lead organization working against the prevailing culture of violence and promoting a culture of peace and security which serves human and community development in order to achieve a democratic society based on the principles of equality and social justice and on human rights.\"","title":"SAWA (non-profit organization)"},{"psg_id":"17450451","text":"and parents in Gaza. 200-250 calls per day were coming into SAWA's hotline. SAWA is also very active in combatting human trafficking and the prostitution of Palestinian girls and women. SAWA wrote an extensive report regarding this problem, called, \"Trafficking and Forced Prostitution of Palestinian Women and Girls: Forms of Modern Day Slavery.\" Sawa has several programs combatting Gender Based Violence (GBV). The core program is the helpline which operates in all of the Palestinian Territories. Callers can reach the helpline in various different ways. 121 (West Bank and Gaza) or 1-800-500-121 (East Jerusalem) is a toll-free dial number that","title":"SAWA (non-profit organization)"},{"psg_id":"8202147","text":"Janan Sawa Janan Sawa (born 1956 Dohuk, Iraq) () is an Assyrian musician who is noted for making Assyrian folk dance music which have a Kurdish influence in instrumentation. A Chaldean Catholic by faith, Janan started singing in 1972, at the age of 17. Janan has performed throughout the world, and has visited his hometown of Dohuk and Northern Iraq on many occasions. In 1975, Janan's father forced him to marry. He spent 4 years in the Iraqi army, from 1974 to 1978. In 1980, Janan fled Iraq and settled in Greece for 2 years. He finally left for the","title":"Janan Sawa"},{"psg_id":"18950001","text":"disappear after death. Also there are \"Pomatiopsis tryon\" which is Gastropoda genus and lives in brackish water from Oligocene age to recent times, particularly on the lake bottom. Unlike its scarcity of aquatic organisms, Sawa Lake is rich with birds; 25 species of resident and immigrant birds were observed in Sawa Lake and the surrounding areas. the lake held large numbers of waterfowl, mainly ducks and coot (\"Fulica atra\"). The endemic race of little grebe (\"Tachybaptus ruficollis iraquensis\") and the Mesopotamian crow (\"Corvus cornix capellanus\") occur, as well as the near-endemic grey hypocolius. Locals and hunters reported the frequent occurrence","title":"Sawa Lake"},{"psg_id":"18950004","text":"classified as ‘high’:urban expansion (the team was informed that the lake area was submitted for an investment project which might involve new construction around the lake); hunting, primarily represented by fishing (mainly netting) and hunting of birds, and pollution caused by the frequent visitors. Other threats (agriculture, resource extraction, transportation & service corridors, and natural systems modification) were considered ‘low’. The lake has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2014. Sawa Lake Sawa Lake () is an Endorheic basin located in the Iraqi governorate of Muthanna near to the Euphrates River, some to the west of Al-Samawa city.","title":"Sawa Lake"},{"psg_id":"7571172","text":"king of Bahrain called Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi. The letter from Muhammad is preserved and can be seen at Beit Al Qur'an museum in Hoora, Bahrain, with the seal of Muhammad still intact. Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi () was the governor of the Persian Sasanian Empire in some parts of the Southern Persian Gulf. Munzir was a prominent Arab chief and Tabi‘un in 7th century who hailed from Banu Tamim tribe. his genealogical full name is Mundhir bin Sawî bin al-Akhnas bin Bayān bin Amr bin Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abdullah bin Dharamshala","title":"Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi"},{"psg_id":"17450455","text":"was recognized and implemented. The Child Protection Helpline became a member of the Child Helpline International in 2005, and international network of child helplines from 143 countries. In 2008 during the war on Gaza, Sawa Organization expanded its helpline to cover 24 hours, 7 days a week. Sawa also expanded its helpline to cover 24/7 during the Israeli aggressions in 2010. From 2009 to 2011 Sawa went through large technological progress. They added an IP-phone system, which allowed the organization to receive and document more calls. It also allowed the development of an electronic database, the Caller Information Database. The","title":"SAWA (non-profit organization)"},{"psg_id":"3892973","text":"to public relations crisis during the time of its launch as a form of public diplomacy, 'suggesting by implication that American media efforts do have the power to transform opinion if only implemented in a different form'. A study published in 2006, which surveyed college students at universities in five Arab countries, found that the students' attitudes towards U.S. foreign policy had actually worsened since they started listening to Radio Sawa and watching Al Hurra TV Radio Sawa has also been criticized for its poor quality control and for its resistance to any outside review of its programming. A 2004","title":"Radio Sawa"},{"psg_id":"20816576","text":"contract was terminated by mutual agreement. In May 2012, Sawa became manager of Motor Lublin, but he was sacked after six games of the 2012–13 season after a poor run of results. In 2013, he was hired to manage V liga club KS Dąbrowica. In April 2014, he was appointed manager of Motor Lublin for the second time, and remained with the club until the end of the 2014–15 season. In January 2016, Sawa became head coach of III liga side JKS 1909 Jarosław. In the spring of 2018, he worked as coach for IV liga club Polonia Przemyśl. On","title":"Mariusz Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835280","text":"(AJPW), taking part in a nine-man battle royal, during which he, as Lingerie Mutoh, got in the ring for the first time with Keiji Mutoh. From 2007 to 2011, Sawa also made several appearances for women's wrestling promotion Ice Ribbon, mainly working against the other male wrestlers in the promotion, including Choun Shiryu, Ribbon Takanashi, Mr. Gannosuke, and Gentaro, but also going opposite female wrestlers like Makoto, Miyako Matsumoto, Hikari Minami, and the promotion's founder Emi Sakura. On May 5, 2011, Sawa and Makoto made it to the finals of the first annual Go! Go! Golden Mixed Tag Tournament, before","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835273","text":"and Hidaka lost the NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Championship to the 2009 Furinkazan winners, Akebono and Shinjiro Otani. The two then resumed defending the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship, defeating Dragon Gate representatives Masaaki Mochizuki and Super Shisa on February 28, and American promotion Chikara representatives The Osirian Portal (Amasis and Ophidian) on May 8. Finally, after a reign of 766 days, the longest in the title's history, and eight successful defenses, Sawa and Hidaka lost the NWA International Lightweight Championship to Kaijin Habu Otoko and Takuya Sugawara on September 8, 2010. Later in September, Sawa again made it","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"16835260","text":"official mixed martial arts match on May 21, 2006, when he was defeated by Takeshi Ono via technical knockout due to strikes. After deciding to become a full-time professional wrestler, Sawa returned to Battlarts in 2005, making the promotion his new home. He made his in-ring debut for the promotion on June 5 in a losing effort against Daisuke Sekimoto. For his first 25 months in the promotion, Sawa was unable to win a single match, losing to the likes of Manabu Hara, Daisuke Ikeda, Viktor Krueger in a WAA Heavyweight Championship match, and Yuki Ishikawa, before finally submitting Michinoku","title":"Munenori Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10888347","text":"has also represented Japan in four Olympics: Atlanta 1996, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008 and London 2012. In all, she played 41 matches and scored 11 goals at those ten global tournaments. Sawa was a member of the Japanese teams that won the 2011 Women's World Cup, and were runners-up at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2015 Women's World Cup. On 11 August 2015 Sawa announced her marriage without naming her husband. The next day, when asked, she said that her husband was former Vegalta Sendai player Hiroaki Tsujikami. On 10 January 2017, it was announced that she had given birth","title":"Homare Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10888345","text":"leading scorer with five goals and the Golden Ball for being the tournament's MVP. On 9 January 2012, Sawa was awarded the FIFA Women's World Player of the Year in Zurich, Switzerland. She announced her immediate retirement from international football in August 2012, after helping Japan win a silver medal at the 2012 London Olympics. Sawa returned to international competition in 2014 to help Japan win the 2014 Asian Cup, scoring her 82nd international goal in the process. In 2015, she returned to the national team from injury after a one-year absence and marked the occasion by scoring the winning","title":"Homare Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10888342","text":"league's first two seasons in 2009 and 2010. In September 2009, Sawa returned to Japan temporarily end of 2009 Women's Professional Soccer season, and joined Nippon TV Beleza on loan. End of 2010 Women's Professional Soccer season, she returned to Nippon TV Beleza. In January 2011, Sawa moved to INAC Kobe Leonessa for due to financial strain at Nippon TV Beleza, with international player, Shinobu Ohno, Yukari Kinga and Chiaki Minamiyama. The club won L.League championship for 3 years in a row (2011-2013). On December 16, 2015, she announced her retirement from playing career at the end of 2015 season.","title":"Homare Sawa"},{"psg_id":"10289845","text":"Marian Sawa Marian Sawa (January 12, 1937 in Krasnystaw – April 27, 2005 in Warsaw) was a Polish composer, organist, improviser, musicologist, and pedagogue. He graduated from the Fryderyk Chopin Academy of Music in Warsaw, Poland in Feliks Rączkowski's organ class and Kazimierz Sikorski's composition class. As a pedagogue he has worked in Warsaw music education at the higher and academic level: J.Elsner Music School, K.Szymanowski Music School, F. Chopin Music Academy and Kardynal Stefan Wyszynski University (theoretical and practical musicology). He has toured as a soloist and an accompanist around the country and abroad. He has recorded many LPs","title":"Marian Sawa"},{"psg_id":"17450452","text":"connects the caller with trained volunteers based in either Ramallah or Jerusalem. It provides support and assistance, primary social and psychological counseling for women, children, and men who have been exposed to various forms of violence and abuse. The call center is open from 09:00 – 24:00 every day. Sawa has a Facebook profile dedicated to chat counselling. The page provides a chat counselling program so that it is possible to communicate without talking on the phone, which is often used by residents outside of the Occupied Palestinian Territories. The chat is open Monday and Friday from 9:00-17:00. Sawa provides","title":"SAWA (non-profit organization)"},{"psg_id":"2399760","text":"Hartland, Devon The village of Hartland, whose parish incorporates the hamlet of Stoke to the west and the village of Meddon in the south, is the most north-westerly settlement in the county of Devon, England. Now a large village which acts as a centre for a rural neighbourhood and has minor tourist traffic, until Tudor times Hartland was an important port. It lies close to the promontory of Hartland Point, where the coast of Devon turns from facing north into the Bristol Channel to face west into the Atlantic Ocean. There is an important lighthouse on the point. The town's","title":"Hartland, Devon"},{"psg_id":"14069017","text":"2008 on CD and on iTunes, where it topped the iTunes Music Store's dance chart in Japan. The following year, Sawa made her major label debut on Sony Music Entertainment Japan's sublabel, Epic Records, releasing two mini-albums, \"I Can Fly\" and \"Swimming Dancing\". \"I Can Fly\" was released on July 22, 2009 with commercial tie-ins to MBS TV fashion program \"Dress\" and a summer commercial for Honda. The mini-album peaked at #145 on the Oricon charts and charted for one week. \"Swimming Dancing\" was released on November 25, 2009 and reached a peak position of #210 on the Oricon, charting","title":"Sawa (singer)"},{"psg_id":"5842465","text":"Robin of Locksley (film) Robin of Locksley is a 1996 television movie directed by Michael Kennedy. It stars Devon Sawa, Joshua Jackson and Sarah Chalke. Robin McAllister (Devon Sawa) and his family win the lottery and they end up moving from Kansas City to Seattle where Robin attends Locksley Academy, a wealthy private school. While there Robin comes up with a plan to help one of his friends who was hurt and needs money for an operation by robbing from John Prince Sr., the head of a very wealthy corporation. Robin becomes friends with a couple of misfits at school","title":"Robin of Locksley (film)"},{"psg_id":"6913346","text":"and faced the Cornish champion James Polkinghorne in a match in Morice Town, now in Plymouth, in 1826, watched by a crowd of 17,000 (after some dispute the match was declared a draw). Cann had defeated John Jordan, Flower, Wreyford, Simon Webber, and the other good wrestlers in Devon, and carried off the prizes at all the places where he became a competitor. Devon wrestling Devon wrestling is a type of wrestling that was popular in the nineteenth century. The Devonshire fashion of wrestling allows hardened footwear to be worn and kicking intended to disable the opponent. It has similarities","title":"Devon wrestling"},{"psg_id":"20302961","text":"of film certification.Later film was released successfully in the year 1976. Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun is an Indian period drama film directed and produced by Dara Singh. It featured Dara Singh in the role of Kartar. It was one of the most expensive film made in Punjabi languages. The film was made in both Hindi and Punjabi. It was the story of Kartar (Dara Singh) who is born and raised in a Hindu family in Punjab, and who later converts to Sikhism against his parents’ wishes. He joins the rebel-Sikh warriors, and fights the","title":"Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun"},{"psg_id":"20302959","text":"Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun is an Indian period drama film directed and produced by Dara Singh. It featured Dara Singh in the role of Kartar. It was one of the most expensive film made in Punjabi languages. The film was made in both Hindi and Punjabi. It was the story of Kartar (Dara Singh) who is born and raised in a Hindu family in Punjab, and who later converts to Sikhism against his parents’ wishes. He joins the rebel-Sikh warriors, and fights the oppressive Mughal army. Dara Singh <br>Navin Nischol <br>Rajesh Khanna <br>Neetu Singh","title":"Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun"},{"psg_id":"8395559","text":"2009 North Devon College and East Devon College were rebranded as Petroc. Acorn FM (now Fresh FM) was North Devon College's campus radio station. It was the first ever college station to have a 'Long term Restricted Service Licence'. Its broadcast on 87.7 FM by college students across the college campus. North Devon College North Devon College was a further education college in Barnstaple, North Devon. It is now part of Petroc. North Devon College (NDC) first opened in 1952. Originally, the plan was to spend £300,000 on the new North Devon Technical College, built on top of Sticklepath Hill.","title":"North Devon College"},{"psg_id":"7571169","text":"Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi () was the governor of the Persian Sasanian Empire in some parts of the Southern Persian Gulf. Munzir was a prominent Arab chief and Tabi‘un in 7th century who hailed from Banu Tamim tribe. his genealogical full name is Mundhir bin Sawî bin al-Akhnas bin Bayān bin Amr bin Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abdullah bin Dharamshala bin Malik bin Hanzalah bin Malik bin Zaid bin Manat Al Tamimi. He was known as Persian governor of archaic Bahrain lands which included modern time Bahrain, Eastern part of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, South","title":"Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi"},{"psg_id":"18652400","text":"attire as women suspended in midair did acrobatics against a chrome-y, industrial video backdrop.\" \"Where Are Ü Now\" was sampled in Craig David's single \"16\". Where Are Ü Now \"Where Are Ü Now\" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, \"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). It was released","title":"Where Are Ü Now"},{"psg_id":"2532210","text":"of Devon. This is due in part to the differences between English and \"law Latin\", the language in which royal decrees were traditionally written. This has now become the difference between the two peerages, and it is convenient to call the Blount Earl (1603–06) Earl of Devonshire also. The principal seat of the Earls of Devon until the expiry of the senior line in 1556 was Tiverton Castle in Devon, and as a subsidiary seat Colcombe Castle, Devon, both of which are now largely demolished. The Earls of Devon created after 1556, or in existence \"de jure\", had occupied the","title":"Earl of Devon"},{"psg_id":"9520740","text":"Fairmile, Devon Fairmile is a hamlet in the English county of Devon. It lies on the former A30 trunk road approximately west of Honiton, where this road crosses the Talaton to Ottery St Mary road, in the valley of the River Tale. Fairmile belongs partly to the civil parish of Talaton and partly to that of Ottery St Mary. The hamlet consists of land slightly smaller than the villages mentioned, but informally distinguished from them, a handful of houses, including the Fairmile Inn (now closed), a boarding cattery (Fairmile Cat Hotel est. 2010), a disused post office and a former","title":"Fairmile, Devon"},{"psg_id":"9209901","text":"encompassed several villages including Meldon. The hamlet is now part of the civil parish of Okehampton Hamlets. Meldon, Devon Meldon is a hamlet in West Devon, on the edge of Dartmoor in Devon, England. It is 4 km south-west of Okehampton. Its main features are the Meldon Quarry and Meldon Reservoir and the nearby Meldon Viaduct. Granite is still extracted from Meldon Quarry. The now disused Meldon Aplite Quarry has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest because of its exposures of aplite and other rocks. The Dartmoor Railway terminates at Meldon Quarry; the former continuation of the","title":"Meldon, Devon"},{"psg_id":"8395555","text":"North Devon College North Devon College was a further education college in Barnstaple, North Devon. It is now part of Petroc. North Devon College (NDC) first opened in 1952. Originally, the plan was to spend £300,000 on the new North Devon Technical College, built on top of Sticklepath Hill. But the college was developed in stages, starting with the engineering blocks (now B and C blocks). In 1952, the college offered courses including carpentry, bricklaying, auto engineering, science and technical drawing. Over the years, the college expanded and additional buildings were added. The campus reflects changes in architectural styles over","title":"North Devon College"},{"psg_id":"18652387","text":"outside of the confines of a woman's love.\" For Emily Yoshida of \"The Verge\", \"'Where Are Ü Now' is about the priceless value of the personal relationship that is forged between a fan and a pop star.\" \"Billboard\" Jason Lipshutz included \"Where Are Ü Now\" in its \"Top 10 Songs of 2015 (So Far)\" list, stating that \"[t]his is the Justin Bieber we've been waiting for: emotive, vulnerable and smart enough to join forces with two of electronic music's most reliable maestros. The combination of Justin Bieber's moving falsetto and Skrillex and Diplo's tangled knot of beats makes 'Where Are","title":"Where Are Ü Now"},{"psg_id":"107000","text":"historic county of Devon formed part of the diocese of Wessex, while nothing is known of the church organisation of the Celtic areas. About 703 Devon and Cornwall were included in the separate diocese of Sherborne and in 900 this was again divided into two, the Devon bishop having from 905 his seat at Tawton (now Bishop's Tawton) and from 912 at Crediton, birthplace of St Boniface. Lyfing became Bishop of Crediton in 1027 and shortly afterwards became Bishop of Cornwall. The two dioceses of Crediton and Cornwall, covering Devon and Cornwall, were permanently united under Edward the Confessor by","title":"Devon"},{"psg_id":"106986","text":"of Dartmoor in central Devon, part of the Cornubian batholith forming the 'spine' of the southwestern peninsula. There are small remains of pre-Devonian rocks on the south Devon coast. The oldest rocks which can be dated are those of the Devonian period which are approximately 395–345 million years old. Sandstones and shales were deposited in North and South Devon beneath tropical seas. In shallower waters, limestone beds were laid down in the area now near Torquay and Plymouth. This geological period was named after Devon by Roderick Murchison and Adam Sedgwick in the 1840s and is the only British county","title":"Devon"},{"psg_id":"7571170","text":"Iraq, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman during the age of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In the 7th century, when Muhammad started preaching Islam throughout the world, the message of Islam was sent by Muhammad to Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi. Prior to Islam, the inhabitants of Bahrain (Eastern part of Arabian Peninsula) were idol worshippers, worshipping gods such as \"Awal\". Nestorian Christianity was also practiced in the region. Islam swept the entire Arabian region in the 7th century, overturning the idol worshippers and Christians. Muhammad sent his first envoy Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami to Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi, the ruler","title":"Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1164187\",\n \"text\": \"2013. In 2017, Sawa portrayed the role of Nico Jackson in \\\"Somewhere Between\\\" but the show ended after one season. Sawa will appear as Lester Clark Jr. in \\\"\\\". He is married to Dawni Sahanovitch and they welcomed their first child, a son, in January 2014. In March 2016, they welcomed their second child, a daughter. Devon Sawa Devon Edward Sawa (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He began acting when he was a teen, appearing in the films \\\"Little Giants\\\" (1994), \\\"Casper\\\" (1995), \\\"Now and Then\\\" (1995), \\\"Night of the Twisters\\\" (1996), \\\"Wild America\\\" (1997), and \\\"SLC\",\n \"title\": \"Devon Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1164185\",\n \"text\": \"Columbia, the son of Joyce and Edward Sawa, a mechanic. Sawa has two older siblings. His father is Polish, and his mother is \\\"a little bit of everything\\\". Sawa began his career in 1992 as a children's action toy spokesman. He appeared in the film \\\"Little Giants\\\" and then got his big break in \\\"Casper\\\", playing the role of Casper as a human boy. In \\\"Now and Then\\\" Sawa played Scott Wormer the town bully, and shared a second on-screen kiss with his co-star Christina Ricci (the first was in \\\"Casper\\\"). Sawa also starred in \\\"Wild America\\\", \\\"Idle Hands\\\", \\\"SLC\",\n \"title\": \"Devon Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"1164186\",\n \"text\": \"Punk!\\\" and \\\"Final Destination\\\". In 2000, Sawa played the title character of the Eminem music video \\\"Stan\\\". Sawa later became a voice actor by voicing Flash Thompson in \\\"\\\". Sawa continued steadily in recent years by appearing in several independent films including \\\"Extreme Dating\\\", \\\"Shooting Gallery\\\", \\\"Devil's Den\\\", \\\"Creature Of Darkness\\\", \\\"Endure\\\", \\\"388 Arletta Avenue\\\", \\\"The Philly Kid\\\", and \\\"A Resurrection\\\". Beginning in 2010, Sawa portrayed the role of Owen Elliott on the CW action drama series \\\"Nikita\\\". In July 2012, he was promoted to series regular in season 3 of \\\"Nikita\\\" and the show ended after 4 seasons in\",\n \"title\": \"Devon Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835287\",\n \"text\": \"102. Munenori Sawa After graduating from high school, Sawa entered the Battlarts dojo, where he was trained by the promotion's founder Yuki Ishikawa and Tamashii Okamoto in amateur wrestling. Sawa later continued wrestling in college. In 2002, Sawa started taking part in grappling matches, before entering UWF Snakepit Japan, where he received further training in mixed martial arts and professional wrestling. Sawa made his professional wrestling debut on August 31, 2003, but did not become a full-time wrestler until nearly two years later. In 2005, Sawa won a grappling tournament in the class, held by Combat Wrestling. Sawa fought his\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835259\",\n \"text\": \"Munenori Sawa After graduating from high school, Sawa entered the Battlarts dojo, where he was trained by the promotion's founder Yuki Ishikawa and Tamashii Okamoto in amateur wrestling. Sawa later continued wrestling in college. In 2002, Sawa started taking part in grappling matches, before entering UWF Snakepit Japan, where he received further training in mixed martial arts and professional wrestling. Sawa made his professional wrestling debut on August 31, 2003, but did not become a full-time wrestler until nearly two years later. In 2005, Sawa won a grappling tournament in the class, held by Combat Wrestling. Sawa fought his only\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835264\",\n \"text\": \"losses, Sawa failed to advance from his round-robin block. On February 7, 2010, Sawa took part in Yuta Yoshikawa's retirement match, where he and Ikuto Hidaka defeated Yoshikawa and Katsumi Usuda, with Sawa defeating Yoshikawa via technical knockout. On December 26, Sawa teamed with Battlarts founder Yuki Ishikawa in a tag team match, where they were defeated by Hideki Suzuki and Super Tiger II. Following the match, Ishikawa announced that Battlarts would be folding at the end of 2011. For the final year of the promotion, Sawa and Ishikawa worked together, both as partners and opponents. On June 19, Sawa\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8202149\",\n \"text\": \"performed live on music television programs in Iraqi Kurdistan. Janan's musical style is influenced by Assyrian/Syriac Folk, Kurdish and Turkish music. Janan can also perform fluently in Kurdish. He has been married once and is now divorced, but had two daughters with his ex-wife. He currently resides in Michigan. His brother, Esam Sawa, is also a singer. Janan Sawa Janan Sawa (born 1956 Dohuk, Iraq) () is an Assyrian musician who is noted for making Assyrian folk dance music which have a Kurdish influence in instrumentation. A Chaldean Catholic by faith, Janan started singing in 1972, at the age of\",\n \"title\": \"Janan Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835281\",\n \"text\": \"losing to the team of Makoto Oishi and Neko Nitta. On June 29, 2007, Sawa wrestled on the first ever match held by the Inoki Genome Federation (IGF), defeating Yuki Ishikawa. The following year, Sawa remained undefeated in IGF with wins over Atsushi Sawada and Kazuhiro Tamura. Sawa returned to IGF on February 22, 2010, defeating Akira Joh. On September 25, Sawa suffered his first loss in IGF, when he was defeated by Chris Daniels. On April 28, 2011, Sawa wrestled his first tag team match in IGF, where he and Taka Kunoh were defeated by Akira Joh and Hideki\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835265\",\n \"text\": \"and Ishikawa met in the \\\"Final Master and Pupil Showdown\\\" main event singles match, which was won by Ishikawa. On August 21, Sawa teamed with Yujiro Yamamoto in a tag team main event, where they defeated Manabu Suruga and Seiken. Following the match, Sawa announced that he would be retiring from professional wrestling following Battlarts' dissolution. On November 5, 2011, at Battlarts' final event, Sawa defeated Manabu Suruga via submission. Early on in his career, Sawa created himself an alter ego, Lingerie Mutoh, a comedy persona based on Keiji Mutoh. As Lingerie Mutoh, Sawa dressed in a bald cap, fake\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835263\",\n \"text\": \"Sawa unsuccessfully challenged Otsuka for his Legend Championship. On July 26, Sawa teamed with Otsuka and Yuki Ishikawa in a six-man elimination tag team match, where they wrestled Daisuke Ikeda, Katsumi Usuda and Super Tiger II to a draw. The match received rave reviews and was later recognized as one of the best matches of 2008. The final singles match between Sawa and Otsuka took place on January 10, 2009, when Otsuka defeated Sawa in the first round of the B-Rule grappling tournament. The following July, Sawa took part in the first B1 Climax tournament. After two wins and two\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835261\",\n \"text\": \"Pro Wrestling's Fujita \\\"Jr.\\\" Hayato for his first win on July 21, 2007. From October to November, Sawa, along with Yuki Ishikawa, represented Battlarts in Fu-Ten Promotion's Bati Bati tag team tournament, where they made it to the semifinals, before losing to Takahiro Oba and Takeshi Ono. In late 2007, Sawa began feuding with El Dorado Wrestling representative Toru Owashi. On November 11, Owashi and Manabu Hara defeated Sawa and Ikuto Hidaka in a tag team match via referee stoppage, after Sawa was unable to continue following Owashi's powerbomb. On December 24, Sawa and Owashi met in a singles match,\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"11857965\",\n \"text\": \"is to find closure and bring an end to the mystery of her brother's disappearance. This year when Mack makes his regular Mother's Day call, she declares her intention to track him down, no matter what. The following day, Monsignor Devon Mackenzie receives a scrap note reading: Uncle Devon, tell Carolyn she must not look for me. Despite the disapproval and angry reactions of loved ones, Carolyn persists in a search that plunges her into a world of unexpected danger and winding questions. Where Are You Now? (novel) Where Are You Now? (2008) is a suspense novel by Mary Higgins\",\n \"title\": \"Where Are You Now? (novel)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835283\",\n \"text\": \"three-way match, which also included Genki Horiguchi. On March 26, 2016, Sawa made a one-night return to professional wrestling by taking part in Kenji Takeshima's retirement event. In what was billed as an \\\"exhibition match\\\", Sawa wrestled Takeshima to a ten-minute time limit draw. On March 20, 2017, Sawa made an appearance at DDT's 20th anniversary event, taking part in the Ironman Heavymetalweight and King of Dark Championship battle royal, from which he and Ken Ohka were the last men eliminated by Guanchulo. On August 20, Sawa made another appearance for DDT at the 2017 \\\"Ryogoku Peter Pan\\\" event, where\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835277\",\n \"text\": \"voted Sawa the 2011 MVP. From 2005 to 2009, Sawa made a couple of appearances per year for DDT, where he went on to become a two-time Ironman Heavymetalweight Champion as Lingerie Mutoh. In 2010, Sawa began working more regularly for the promotion under his real name, winning the Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship two more times, before he and Sanshiro Takagi defeated Kudo and Yasu Urano on February 11, 2010, to win the KO-D Tag Team Championship. On July 4, Sawa also unsuccessfully challenged Danshoku Dino for the DDT Extreme Division Championship. After twelve successful defenses and a reign of 199\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835270\",\n \"text\": \"Axe Army representatives Minoru Fujita and Takuya Sugawara for the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship. A rematch between the two teams took place on August 3 in Korakuen Hall, where Sawa and Hidaka were victorious, becoming the new NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Champions. Sawa and Hidaka made their first successful defense on August 31 in Battlarts, defeating Yuki Ishikawa and Yuta Yoshikawa. On October 28, Sawa won a one-night qualifying tournament to earn a spot in the 2008 Tenkaichi Jr. tournament. After defeating Takuya Sugawara in his opening round match, Sawa was eliminated from the 2008 Tenkaichi Jr.\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835266\",\n \"text\": \"facial hair and women's lingerie and adopted all of Keiji Mutoh's signature moves and mannerisms, often performing them in an exaggerated manner for comedic effect. Sawa, as Lingerie Mutoh, made his debut for Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max on August 20, 2005, when he teamed with Haruka Matsuo in an intergender tag team match, where they defeated Amazing Kong and Fugofugo Yumeji. Sawa worked several intergender matches alongside and against Kong for the rest of the month. On January 24, 2006, Sawa made his first Pro Wrestling Zero1-Max appearance under his real name, losing to Osamu Namiguchi in a singles match. Sawa\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835262\",\n \"text\": \"which Owashi won via knockout following another powerbomb. When Owashi left Battlarts at the end of the year, Sawa started a new rivalry with Alexander Otsuka, with the first exchange between the two taking place on April 6, 2008, when Otsuka and Katsumi Usuda defeated Sawa and Yuki Ishikawa in a tag team match with Otsuka defeating Sawa via knockout following a dragon suplex. Sawa and Otsuka met in a singles match on June 8, when Otsuka was again victorious. Nine days later, Sawa's and Otsuka's rivalry led to a match in the Real Japan Pro Wrestling (RJPW) promotion, where\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16877514\",\n \"text\": \"Beit Sawa Beit Sawa (; also spelled Bayt Sawa) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Markaz Rif Dimashq District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located just east of Damascus. Nearby localities include Hammurah and Saqba to the south, Arbin to the west, Mesraba and Douma to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Beit Sawa had a population of 6,249 in the 2004 census. According to historian Irfan Shahid, who specializes in Byzantine history, it is possible that Beit Sawa was the site of the Damascene monastery of Sawa al-Haykal. \\\"Haykal\\\" refers\",\n \"title\": \"Beit Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14069019\",\n \"text\": \"used in the NHK TV show Minna no Uta. SAWA went on to write many jingles for Japanese commercials, most famously for Naver's chat client LINE's \\\"LINE Pay\\\" and \\\"LINE Shopping\\\" service promotions. In 2012, SAWA penned and composed the title track of now disbanded 80s/90s revivalist idol/girl unit, Especia's debut single \\\"ミッドナイトConfusion\\\" (Midnight Confusion). In 2015, she produced \\\"ジュリエットのパラドックス\\\" for Ex-BiS member Terashima Yufu's second solo mini-album \\\"好きがはじまるII\\\" (Suki ga Hajimaru 2), \\\"ギザギザのロンリナイ\\\" (Giza Giza no Lonely Night) and for solo Electrodance Idol, KOTO. KOTO and SAWA released a collaboration single entitled \\\"KOTOSAWASISTERS\\\" released at KOTO's 17th birthday live\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3892972\",\n \"text\": \"and lifestyle and other light programming. Radio Sawa's programming consists of roughly 20–25% news and 75–80% pop songs. Apart from songs, most other content is presented in the rubric \\\"The World Now,\\\" which includes news, interviews, sports, etc. The station's playlist includes popular Arabic (Middle Eastern), English (mostly American hits) and Spanish (mostly Latin American) songs so as to attract the Arabic listener. There are also occasional specials. Radio Sawa has been subject to criticism from various observers, who question its effectiveness in conveying America's message to the Arab world. Radio Sawa is commonly seen as terms of a solution\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835279\",\n \"text\": \"win the Greater China Unified Nakahara Tag Team Championship. On November 4, 2011, Sawa returned one last time to DDT, teaming with Sanshiro Takagi in a 59-minute three-way tag team match, where they defeated Choun Shiryu and Danshoku Dino, and Brahman Kei and Brahman Shu to retain the Greater China Unified Nakahara Tag Team Championship. During his years in DDT, Sawa also performed on the promotion's New Beijing Pro Wrestling (NBPW) events, working as Lee Ranjei, a Chinese version of his Lingerie Mutoh persona. On June 10, 2006, Sawa made his first and only appearance for All Japan Pro Wrestling\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835275\",\n \"text\": \"his first singles title in the promotion, but was defeated by Craig Classic in his match for the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship. On March 27, Sawa reunited with Ikuto Hidaka for a rematch for the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship, but the two were again defeated by Otoko and Sugawara. On June 14, Sawa took part in Dick Togo's Zero1 retirement match, where he, Fujita \\\"Jr.\\\" Hayato and Masato Tanaka were defeated by Togo, Funaki and Ikuto Hidaka. On September 14, Sawa entered the 2011 Tenkaichi Jr. tournament with a win over Takuya Sugawara. After defeating Susumu Yokosuka\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16877515\",\n \"text\": \"to a religious building, such as a temple or monastery, where refugees and other struggling people could find safety. The village was referenced in a verse by Umayyad-era poet Ubayd Allah ibn Qays al-Ruqayyat. Beit Sawa was visited by Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi in the 1220s, noting that Beit Sawa was \\\"a village of Damascus.\\\" In the late 18th-century, the farmlands of Beit Sawa were part of the principal religious endowment (\\\"waqf\\\") of the \\\"ashraf\\\" families in the northern Syrian city of Hama. The endowment fund belonged to Abd al-Qadir Kaylani, a local scholar and businessman from Hama who died\",\n \"title\": \"Beit Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16877516\",\n \"text\": \"in 1744. During the current Syrian uprising that began in 2011, Beit Sawa and the nearby Hammurah fields, experienced intermittent shelling by Syrian Army for three days between June 30 to July 2, 2012. On 7 March 2018, the Syrian army captured Beit Sawa. Beit Sawa Beit Sawa (; also spelled Bayt Sawa) is a village in southern Syria, administratively part of the Markaz Rif Dimashq District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate, located just east of Damascus. Nearby localities include Hammurah and Saqba to the south, Arbin to the west, Mesraba and Douma to the north. According to the Syria\",\n \"title\": \"Beit Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3892968\",\n \"text\": \"Radio Sawa Radio Sawa () is a 24-hour 7-day-a-week Arabic language radio station broadcasting in the Arab world. The station is a service of the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Inc., which also operates Alhurra Television and is publicly funded by the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the U.S. Congress. The word \\\"sawa\\\" (, ) means \\\"together\\\" in many spoken Arabic dialects. Preexisting attitudes and concurrent reality of opinions towards the United States led to the creation of Radio Sawa. It seeks to effectively communicate with the youthful population of Arabic-speakers in the Middle East. The station's goal is to promote\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3892971\",\n \"text\": \"the majority of the radio's programming consists of American and Arab pop music. Radio Sawa is controlled by the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG), the Federal agency responsible for all U.S. international civilian broadcasting. The BBG founded the Middle East Broadcasting Networks (MBN), a non-profit news and information organization, to run Radio Sawa and Al Hurra TV. Radio Sawa is a United States Congress-funded public relations endeavor that has enjoyed significant recent popularity in the Middle East. In contrast to the Voice of America radio broadcasts in the region which it replaced, Radio Sawa blends news with contemporary music, arts\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20816577\",\n \"text\": \"29 June 2018, Sawa was appointed manager of Motor Lublin for the third time in his coaching career. He was sacked as coach on 17 September 2018 after the team suffered a 5–3 away defeat to Hutnik Kraków two days earlier. His contract was terminated on 28 September 2018. Mariusz Sawa Mariusz Sawa (born 7 September 1975) is a Polish former football player. Sawa began his career at Gwardia Chełm. In the 1992–93 season, he achieved promotion to Ekstraklasa with Polonia Warsaw. Next season, he played 23 Ekstraklasa games and scored one goal, in a match against Siarka Tarnobrzeg in\",\n \"title\": \"Mariusz Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20816575\",\n \"text\": \"Mariusz Sawa Mariusz Sawa (born 7 September 1975) is a Polish former football player. Sawa began his career at Gwardia Chełm. In the 1992–93 season, he achieved promotion to Ekstraklasa with Polonia Warsaw. Next season, he played 23 Ekstraklasa games and scored one goal, in a match against Siarka Tarnobrzeg in May 1994. He later played for Górnik Łęczna, Motor Lublin, Avia Świdnik, KS Lublinianka, Rovaniemen Palloseura, Polonia Przemyśl, Lewart Lubartów, and MG MZKS Kozienice. In June 2010, Sawa was named manager of Wisła Puławy, winning promotion from the III liga in his first season, but in January 2012 his\",\n \"title\": \"Mariusz Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14069015\",\n \"text\": \"Sawa (singer) , stylized as SAWA , is a Japanese singer-songwriter and DJ. In 2009, she signed onto Sony Music Entertainment Japan and joined its sublabel, Epic Records. In 2012 she switched to Bellwood Records and released her 6th mini-album, ソプラノレイン (Soprano Rain). SAWA first appeared in 2003 as a member of the group Jack Knife under Stardust Management. The group performed cover routines live and disbanded in April 2004 without releasing any material. In 2005 SAWA began working with Front Men Entertainment under the name SK-V. Through 2005-2006 this name changed from SK-V to SK5 and finally Kouchi. Although\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13558287\",\n \"text\": \"ask him to collaborate on the covers. Sawa also worked for Flying Springbok, the inflight magazine of South Africa's national airline, South African Airways, from 1987-2007, specialising in travel and wildlife photography. During this time he visited 70 countries. He published his first solo photography book \\\"Children of South Africa\\\" in 1993. He has been honoured with fellowships from three different photographic societies; the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain (1987); the Photographic Society of Southern African (1987); and the Professional Photographers of Southern Africa (1997). Andrzej Sawa Andrzej Sawa (born 1941) is a Polish-South African photographer. Sawa was born\",\n \"title\": \"Andrzej Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"13558283\",\n \"text\": \"Andrzej Sawa Andrzej Sawa (born 1941) is a Polish-South African photographer. Sawa was born in Poland and was taken to a German labour camp in 1943 and lived there with his mother and grandmother until the end of the Second World War in 1945. Both Sawa's paternal and maternal grandfathers were Roman Catholics and perished in Auschwitz concentration camp. He admits that his love for photography began when The Family of Man photographic exhibition came to Poland in 1956, coinciding with the time he was given his first camera, by his grandmother. Sawa obtained an engineering degree in Poland but\",\n \"title\": \"Andrzej Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835286\",\n \"text\": \"January 15, 2011, Sawa returned to Westside Xtreme Wrestling, when he and Hikaru Sato unsuccessfully challenged Oberhausen Terror Corps (Bad Bones and Carnage) for the wXw World Tag Team Championship. The following day, Sawa entered the Ambition 2 tournament. After wins over Tommy End and Hikaru Sato, Sawa was defeated in the finals of the tournament by Rico Bushido. Sawa returned to Kaiju Big Battel in on October 14, 2011, taking part in an event in Brooklyn, New York. On April 5, 2018, Sawa returned to America, teaming with Daisuke Sekimoto to unsuccessfully challenge Timothy Thatcher and Walter at Evolve\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14069021\",\n \"text\": \"2017 mini-album, Ijippari Mermaid (Obstinate Mermaid). Sawa (singer) , stylized as SAWA , is a Japanese singer-songwriter and DJ. In 2009, she signed onto Sony Music Entertainment Japan and joined its sublabel, Epic Records. In 2012 she switched to Bellwood Records and released her 6th mini-album, ソプラノレイン (Soprano Rain). SAWA first appeared in 2003 as a member of the group Jack Knife under Stardust Management. The group performed cover routines live and disbanded in April 2004 without releasing any material. In 2005 SAWA began working with Front Men Entertainment under the name SK-V. Through 2005-2006 this name changed from SK-V\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3892975\",\n \"text\": \"targeted to specific regions/countries which are also available online: Names of the cities next to them the broadcast frequency of FM in MHz. Radio Sawa Radio Sawa () is a 24-hour 7-day-a-week Arabic language radio station broadcasting in the Arab world. The station is a service of the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Inc., which also operates Alhurra Television and is publicly funded by the Broadcasting Board of Governors and the U.S. Congress. The word \\\"sawa\\\" (, ) means \\\"together\\\" in many spoken Arabic dialects. Preexisting attitudes and concurrent reality of opinions towards the United States led to the creation of\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3892974\",\n \"text\": \"draft report prepared by the State Department's inspector general was severely critical of the station. Experts cited in the report concluded that \\\"Radio Sawa failed to present America to its audience.\\\" The station's emphasis on popular music has led critics to question if music alone is enough to convey America's message. Some critics point out that what matters is \\\"not just how many people are tuning in, but how many people are affected by a broadcast's content.\\\" Radio Sawa is broadcast free across the region, using a combination of: Alongside the mainstream Radio Sawa broadcasts, there are various regional streams\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835276\",\n \"text\": \"in the semifinals, Sawa defeated Fujita \\\"Jr.\\\" Hayato on September 17 to win the tournament. As a result, Sawa received another shot at the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship, however, this time Zero1's version of the title, on October 2, but was again defeated by Craig Classic. On November 6, the day after the folding of Battlarts, Sawa wrestled his retirement match as Lingerie Mutoh, losing to World Wonder Ring Stardom representative Yoshiko. Three days later, Sawa was defeated by longtime tag team partner Ikuto Hidaka in his professional wrestling retirement match. At the end of the year, Zero1 fans\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835272\",\n \"text\": \"champions Minoru Fujita and Takuya Sugawara. On October 24, Sawa and Hidaka defeated Kamikaze and Kohei Sato to win the NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Championship, becoming double tag team champions. In December, Sawa and Hidaka took part in the 2009 Furinkazan, a tag team tournament featuring both junior heavyweight and heavyweight wrestlers. After two wins and one draw, Sawa and Hidaka were defeated in the final day of the tournament by old rivals Minoru Fujita and Takuya Sugawara and, as a result, finished second in their round-robin block, narrowly missing the finals of the tournament. On January 27, 2010, Sawa\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835269\",\n \"text\": \"match. Three days later, Sawa was eliminated from the tournament in the second round by Dick Togo. At the end of the year, on December 2, Sawa unsuccessfully challenged Ikuto Hidaka for the AWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship. In the beginning of 2008, most of Zero1-Max's roster was split up into two opposing camps; Masato Tanaka's Sword Army and Takao Omori's Axe Army. Sawa, along with old acquaintance Ikuto Hidaka decided to join the Sword Army and went on to represent the stable in several matches against members of their rival stable. On July 20, Sawa and Hidaka unsuccessfully challenged\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18949997\",\n \"text\": \"Sawa Lake Sawa Lake () is an Endorheic basin located in the Iraqi governorate of Muthanna near to the Euphrates River, some to the west of Al-Samawa city. This lake has no inlet or outlet, but it draws water from the Euphrates through a system of joint cracks and fissures which transport water to aquifers beneath it. The water's level fluctuates during dry and wet seasons but does not dry up because of the equilibrium state between water feed and evaporation. Lake Sawa is a unique body of water in Iraq since characterized by highest salinity value (up to 35\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17450456\",\n \"text\": \"Caller Information Database featured a statistical report function that could be used finding and targeting new problems in society. Sawa won the Arab Gulf Fund for UN Development in 2010 for its technological progress. In 2010 the training program was extended from 80 hours to 110 hours. The additional 30 hours of training consisted of practical training, listening to other counsellors, discussing the various approaches to calls. In 2014 Sawa's facilities where renovated and Sawa installed a solar power system and a generator, allowing the organization to run the helpline in situations of power cuts. The main focus of Sawa\",\n \"title\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10888341\",\n \"text\": \"team and league leaders in fouls taken. Following the WUSA's demise in 2003, Sawa returned to Japan, where she played with powerhouse Nippon TV Beleza. In 2004, she was named Women's Player of the Year for the Asian Football Confederation. She played the club until 2008. The club won L.League championship for 4 years in a row (2005-2008). She also was elected L.League MVP awards in 2006 and 2008. On 24 September 2008, Sawa was selected by the Washington Freedom in the first round of the 2008 WPS International Draft. She was a fixture in the Freedom midfield through the\",\n \"title\": \"Homare Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835282\",\n \"text\": \"Suzuki. After wrestling Joh to a fifteen-minute time limit draw on July 10, Sawa made his final IGF appearance on September 3, 2011, losing to Yuichiro☆Jienotsu☆Nagashima. On January 15, 2008, Sawa made his debut for Dragon Gate, when he, Dick Togo and Ikuto Hidaka unsuccessfully challenged Don Fujii, K-Ness and Masaaki Mochizuki for the Open the Triangle Gate Championship. On February 10, Sawa and Fujita \\\"Jr.\\\" Hayato won Dragon Gate's one night Buyuden Cup Tag Tournament. Sawa returned to Dragon Gate on March 22, 2010, when he unsuccessfully challenged Super Shisa for the Open the Brave Gate Championship in a\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835267\",\n \"text\": \"and Namiguchi wrestled two rematches during the next two months; the first, on February 24, was won by Sawa, and the second, on March 28, by Namiguchi. In June, Sawa formed a short-lived partnership with Gentaro, which led to him receiving his first title shot in Zero1-Max, when the two unsuccessfully challenged Ikuto Hidaka and Minoru Fujita for the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship on June 26. After spending some time away from Zero1-Max, Sawa returned on September 29 to unsuccessfully challenge Minoru Fujita for the AWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship. Sawa began making more regular appearances for Zero1-Max\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14069018\",\n \"text\": \"for one week. A new mini-album titled \\\"あいにいくよ (Ai ni Ikuyo)\\\" was released on April 7, 2010 and saw SAWA working with producers Nawata Hisashi, Jazzin'park, Junya Ookubo Zyun (ANA) and RAM RIDER. SAWAs first full album title \\\"Welcome to Sa-World\\\" was released on July 7, 2010. The album featured 7 tracks produced by SAWA herself. After 2 digital download only singles, Mysterious Zone in December, 2012 and Good day Sunshine in May, 2012, SAWA released her 6th mini-album titled \\\"ソプラノレイン (Soprano Rain)\\\" on December 19, 2012. The first 5 tracks were produced by SAWA herself. The title track was\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6521334\",\n \"text\": \"Józef Sawa-Caliński Józef Sawa-Caliński (about 1736 – May 1771) was a Polish noble and a prominent leader of the Confederation of Bar, a movement aimed against the Polish king and his close relations with Russia. Born in Stepashky on Southern Bug to colonel Sawa a Cossack and a Polish noble, little is known of his early life. After the outbreak of hostilities following the proclamation of the Confederation of Bar in 1768, Sawa-Caliński organized a partisan unit of roughly 2000 armed men. He then engaged in partisan warfare in various parts of Poland, mostly against Russian garrisons and units. He\",\n \"title\": \"Józef Sawa-Caliński\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3892969\",\n \"text\": \"pro-American attitudes to youth in the Arab world. Radio Sawa's first broadcast was on March 23, 2002. Its newscasts are broadcast live on air from its studios in Washington, DC and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Radio Sawa also has news bureaus and reporters throughout the Middle East. Radio Sawa and its sister-network, Al Hurra TV, are part of a larger U.S. Public Diplomacy effort in the Middle East. Their stated mission is to \\\"improve America's image in the Middle East and win the hearts and minds of the Arab people.\\\" Radio Sawa was first launched on 23 March 2002, initially\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10289848\",\n \"text\": \"created, which main goal is the promotion of artist's works, publishing his works as well as organizing concerts and festivals dedicated to his creative activity. After Marian Sawa's death the owners of his works are Aleksandra and Radosław Sawa, who cooperate with the Marian Sawa's Society. Marian Sawa Marian Sawa (January 12, 1937 in Krasnystaw – April 27, 2005 in Warsaw) was a Polish composer, organist, improviser, musicologist, and pedagogue. He graduated from the Fryderyk Chopin Academy of Music in Warsaw, Poland in Feliks Rączkowski's organ class and Kazimierz Sikorski's composition class. As a pedagogue he has worked in Warsaw\",\n \"title\": \"Marian Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17208595\",\n \"text\": \"Jalla Dansa Sawa \\\"Jalla Dansa Sawa\\\" (meaning Come on and dance together) is a 2013 song by Swedish singer of Iranian origin Behrang Miri which was performed in Melodifestivalen 2013. In the vocals, he is accompanied by Malmö local artists the American-Swede Loulou Lamotte and Italian-Swede Oscar Zia, a contestant in the 2012 series of Swedish \\\"X Factor\\\". A song co-written by Anderz Wrethov, Firas Razak Tuma, Tacfarinas Yamoun and by Behrang Miri himself, it is a trilingual song in Swedish, French and Arabic. \\\"Jalla dansa sawa\\\" was first performed in the 2013 Melodifestivalen fourth semi-final held on 23 February\",\n \"title\": \"Jalla Dansa Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17450458\",\n \"text\": \"order to raise physical awareness. Sawa targets children through specific workshops. These workshops consists of puppets shows and discussion. The puppet shows are used as an indirect way of targeting problems such as sexual abuse to children. Sawa also trains professionals such as police officers, prosecutors, medical staff and the family protection unit of the Palestinian Police. They're trained on how to deal with victims of violence, how to deal with the perpetrator and intervention plans. SAWA (non-profit organization) SAWA is a Palestinian, non-profit civil society organization established in 1998 by a group of female volunteers active in women's issues.\",\n \"title\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835285\",\n \"text\": \"of the tournament, Sawa unsuccessfully challenged Zack Sabre Jr. for the wXw World Lightweight Championship. On September 11, 2010, Sawa returned to the United States to take part in \\\"Evolve 5\\\", losing to the WWE-bound Bryan Danielson in the main event of the evening. At the end of the year, Evolve fans voted Sawa's match with Perkins as the Breakout Match of the Year, while his match with Danielson was named the Match of the Year. While Sawa was in the United States, he also took part in an event held by Kaiju Big Battel in New York City. On\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835284\",\n \"text\": \"he worked as Lingerie Mutoh, defeating Gota Ihashi in a dark match. On January 16, 2010, Sawa made his American debut, when he took part in Evolve's first ever event in Rahway, New Jersey, defeating T.J. Perkins via submission. On March 5, Sawa made his debut for German promotion Westside Xtreme Wrestling (wXw), entering the annual 16 Carat Gold Tournament in Oberhausen. After defeating Paul Tracey in his first round match, Sawa was eliminated from the tournament in the following day's quarterfinals by Big van Walter, who went on to win the entire tournament. On the third and final day\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835278\",\n \"text\": \"days, Sawa and Takagi lost the KO-D Tag Team Championship to Danshoku Dino and Shiro Koshinaka on August 29 in a three-way match, which also included Mikami and Tanomusaku Toba. Sawa returned to DDT on June 4, when he and Shigehiro Irie defeated Gentaro and Yasu Urano to win the KO-D Tag Team Championship. The team's reign would last only fifteen days, before they lost the title to Kenny Omega and Michael Nakazawa in their first title defense. On July 24 at \\\"Ryogoku Peter Pan\\\", DDT's largest annual event, Sawa and Sanshiro Takagi defeated Great Sasuke and Ricky Fuji to\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835274\",\n \"text\": \"to the semifinals of the Tenkaichi Jr. tournament, before losing to tag team partner Ikuto Hidaka. In the 2010 Furinkazan, Sawa opted to team with DDT Pro-Wrestling and Pancrase representative Hikaru Sato instead of Hidaka. However, with a record of one win and three losses, the team finished nowhere near a place in the finals. Despite their unimpressive tournament, Sawa and Sato received a shot at the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship on January 1, 2011, but were unable to dethrone Kaijin Habu Otoko and Takuya Sugawara. On March 6 at Zero1's tenth anniversary event, Sawa attempted to win\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835271\",\n \"text\": \"in the semifinals by Tatsuhito Takaiwa, who went on to win the entire tournament. On December 17, Sawa again unsuccessfully challenged his tag team partner Ikuto Hidaka for the Zero1 International Junior Heavyweight Championship. On February 7, 2009, Sawa and Hidaka made their second successful defense of the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship, first in Zero1, against Great Sasuke and Osamu Namiguchi. Sawa continued teaming with Hidaka throughout 2009, with the two making successful title defenses against the teams of Katsumi Usuda and Minoru, Minoru Fujita and Yusaku Obata, Speed of Sounds (Hercules Senga and Tsutomu Oosugi), and previous\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835268\",\n \"text\": \"in May 2007, when he joined forces with Ikuto Hidaka, Minoru Fujita and Takuya Sugawara to battle Dick Togo's villainous Far East Connection (FEC) stable in Zero1-Max's junior heavyweight division. The rivalry lasted until August 2, when Sawa, Fujita and Sugawara were defeated in a six-man tag team match by Togo, Masaaki Mochizuki and Tatsuhito Takaiwa. On September 3, Sawa wrestled his up to that point highest profile match in Zero1-Max, when he unsuccessfully challenged Takao Omori for the AWA World Heavyweight Championship. On September 25, Sawa entered his first Tenkaichi Jr. tournament, defeating Chad Malenko in his first round\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14986054\",\n \"text\": \"death, Valle-Inclán wrote to Rubén Darío: Posthumously published in 1910 with a prologue by Rubén Darío, \\\"Iluminaciones en la sombra\\\" marked a modernist departure from the naturalist style in which he had written his earlier novels: \\\"La mujer de todo el mundo\\\" (1885), \\\"Crimen legal\\\" (1886), \\\"Declaración de un vencido\\\" (1887), \\\"Noche\\\" (1889), \\\"Criadero de curas\\\" (1888), and \\\"La sima de Igusquiza\\\" (1888). Alejandro Sawa Alejandro Sawa Martínez (15 March 1862 – 3 March 1909) was a Spanish bohemian novelist, poet, and journalist. Born in Seville, Sawa was of Greek origin. His father was an importer of wine and sundries.\",\n \"title\": \"Alejandro Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14986050\",\n \"text\": \"Alejandro Sawa Alejandro Sawa Martínez (15 March 1862 – 3 March 1909) was a Spanish bohemian novelist, poet, and journalist. Born in Seville, Sawa was of Greek origin. His father was an importer of wine and sundries. After a brief flirtation with the priesthood and a stint at the seminary of Málaga, he underwent a sudden conversion to vehement anticlericalism and thereafter studied law in Granada. He arrived in Madrid in 1885, \\\"absurd, brilliant, and starving\\\" (Valle-Inclán, \\\"Bohemian Lights\\\"). There he led an impoverished, marginal existence. In 1889, he was lured to Paris by its artistic scene. For a time\",\n \"title\": \"Alejandro Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10888348\",\n \"text\": \"to a baby girl. Homare Sawa Sawa was born in Fuchū, Tokyo on September 6, 1978. She began playing football at the age of six. While watching her older brother train, she was invited by his coach to join the boys' team on the pitch. In 1991, long considered Japan's finest female footballer, Sawa was promoted to Yomiuri SC Ladies Beleza (later \\\"NTV Beleza\\\") from youth team by manager Kazuhiko Takemoto. She made her debut in L.League, Japan's highest domestic league, at the young age of 12. She played as forward and played 136 matches and scored 79 goals in\",\n \"title\": \"Homare Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10888346\",\n \"text\": \"goal, on an assist by Aya Miyama, in a warm-up match against New Zealand. Sawa and Brazil's Formiga became the first footballers to appear for a record sixth World Cup at the 2015 World Cup in Canada. However Japan went on to lose 5-2 to the US in the final. Sawa has competed in six FIFA Women's World Cups (Sweden 1995, USA 1999, USA 2003, China 2007, Germany 2011, and Canada 2015); she and Brazil's Formiga, who competed at the same Women's World Cups, are the only players of either sex to appear in six World Cup final tournaments. Sawa\",\n \"title\": \"Homare Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10888344\",\n \"text\": \"Olympics on her way to a Japanese record 201 caps, and a Japanese female-best 81 international goals, including a hat trick in a 2011 World Cup group stage match against Mexico. Sawa led the Japanese national team as captain to a world championship victory at the 2011 World Cup . After a 2–2 tie in front of a sellout crowd in Frankfurt, Germany (with one goal by Sawa in the 117th minute), Japan won the penalty shootout 3–1, defeating the United States to win their first ever World Cup. Sawa was also awarded the Golden Boot for being the tournament's\",\n \"title\": \"Homare Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10888339\",\n \"text\": \"Homare Sawa Sawa was born in Fuchū, Tokyo on September 6, 1978. She began playing football at the age of six. While watching her older brother train, she was invited by his coach to join the boys' team on the pitch. In 1991, long considered Japan's finest female footballer, Sawa was promoted to Yomiuri SC Ladies Beleza (later \\\"NTV Beleza\\\") from youth team by manager Kazuhiko Takemoto. She made her debut in L.League, Japan's highest domestic league, at the young age of 12. She played as forward and played 136 matches and scored 79 goals in League. She was also\",\n \"title\": \"Homare Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6521336\",\n \"text\": \"days. His life was immortalized by Juliusz Słowacki in his \\\"Beniowski\\\" (poem based on Maurice Benyovszky's life), \\\"Sen srebrny Salomei (en: The Silver Dream of Salomea\\\")\\\", Henryk Rzewuski, \\\"Pamiątki Soplicy\\\". Józef Sawa-Caliński Józef Sawa-Caliński (about 1736 – May 1771) was a Polish noble and a prominent leader of the Confederation of Bar, a movement aimed against the Polish king and his close relations with Russia. Born in Stepashky on Southern Bug to colonel Sawa a Cossack and a Polish noble, little is known of his early life. After the outbreak of hostilities following the proclamation of the Confederation of Bar\",\n \"title\": \"Józef Sawa-Caliński\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3892970\",\n \"text\": \"in Jordan, West Bank, Kuwait, UAE (Abu Dhabi), Qatar and Bahrain and eventually in the rest of the Arab World (see below for full list). Radio Sawa replaced Voice of America's Arabic service, which had not been successful in attracting large audiences. The initiator of Radio Sawa is American media mogul Norman Pattiz. He found that more than 60% of the Arab population was under the age of 30, which is why he decided to develop programming that would target the younger generation. Pattiz believed that the best way to reach the young people was with music. This is why\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17450450\",\n \"text\": \"areas of domestic violence and abuse. A special hotline for children was established by SAWA and became available for use in 2005. It is called the Palestinian Child Protection Helpline and is part of an international network of child help lines called Child Helpline International. SAWA also publishes and distributes printed material for the purpose of education and awareness of physical, psychological and sexual violence. These efforts toward outreach resulted in the major role SAWA had/has in assisting victims of the siege of Gaza in 2008/09. During the siege of Gaza, an emergency hotline was opened up for traumatized children\",\n \"title\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17450449\",\n \"text\": \"SAWA works toward the goals of this vision in several basic ways. Intensively trained volunteers and staff work at the national call center hot line, which is free for callers. Counseling and support is given and if needed, medical and legal guidance as well. People in need of SAWA's services can also contact them through email. In addition to the main call center, SAWA has a mobile clinic which allows them to conduct outreach programs in different parts of the community and outlying areas. SAWA also provides training and technical assistance for law enforcement, school personnel and others in the\",\n \"title\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17450448\",\n \"text\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization) SAWA is a Palestinian, non-profit civil society organization established in 1998 by a group of female volunteers active in women's issues. This organization works to eliminate all types of violence against women and children, and to promote gender equality in Palestinian society. The vision of SAWA is clearly stated: \\\"We aim to be the lead organization working against the prevailing culture of violence and promoting a culture of peace and security which serves human and community development in order to achieve a democratic society based on the principles of equality and social justice and on human rights.\\\"\",\n \"title\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17450451\",\n \"text\": \"and parents in Gaza. 200-250 calls per day were coming into SAWA's hotline. SAWA is also very active in combatting human trafficking and the prostitution of Palestinian girls and women. SAWA wrote an extensive report regarding this problem, called, \\\"Trafficking and Forced Prostitution of Palestinian Women and Girls: Forms of Modern Day Slavery.\\\" Sawa has several programs combatting Gender Based Violence (GBV). The core program is the helpline which operates in all of the Palestinian Territories. Callers can reach the helpline in various different ways. 121 (West Bank and Gaza) or 1-800-500-121 (East Jerusalem) is a toll-free dial number that\",\n \"title\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8202147\",\n \"text\": \"Janan Sawa Janan Sawa (born 1956 Dohuk, Iraq) () is an Assyrian musician who is noted for making Assyrian folk dance music which have a Kurdish influence in instrumentation. A Chaldean Catholic by faith, Janan started singing in 1972, at the age of 17. Janan has performed throughout the world, and has visited his hometown of Dohuk and Northern Iraq on many occasions. In 1975, Janan's father forced him to marry. He spent 4 years in the Iraqi army, from 1974 to 1978. In 1980, Janan fled Iraq and settled in Greece for 2 years. He finally left for the\",\n \"title\": \"Janan Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18950001\",\n \"text\": \"disappear after death. Also there are \\\"Pomatiopsis tryon\\\" which is Gastropoda genus and lives in brackish water from Oligocene age to recent times, particularly on the lake bottom. Unlike its scarcity of aquatic organisms, Sawa Lake is rich with birds; 25 species of resident and immigrant birds were observed in Sawa Lake and the surrounding areas. the lake held large numbers of waterfowl, mainly ducks and coot (\\\"Fulica atra\\\"). The endemic race of little grebe (\\\"Tachybaptus ruficollis iraquensis\\\") and the Mesopotamian crow (\\\"Corvus cornix capellanus\\\") occur, as well as the near-endemic grey hypocolius. Locals and hunters reported the frequent occurrence\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18950004\",\n \"text\": \"classified as ‘high’:urban expansion (the team was informed that the lake area was submitted for an investment project which might involve new construction around the lake); hunting, primarily represented by fishing (mainly netting) and hunting of birds, and pollution caused by the frequent visitors. Other threats (agriculture, resource extraction, transportation & service corridors, and natural systems modification) were considered ‘low’. The lake has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2014. Sawa Lake Sawa Lake () is an Endorheic basin located in the Iraqi governorate of Muthanna near to the Euphrates River, some to the west of Al-Samawa city.\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa Lake\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7571172\",\n \"text\": \"king of Bahrain called Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi. The letter from Muhammad is preserved and can be seen at Beit Al Qur'an museum in Hoora, Bahrain, with the seal of Muhammad still intact. Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi () was the governor of the Persian Sasanian Empire in some parts of the Southern Persian Gulf. Munzir was a prominent Arab chief and Tabi‘un in 7th century who hailed from Banu Tamim tribe. his genealogical full name is Mundhir bin Sawî bin al-Akhnas bin Bayān bin Amr bin Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abdullah bin Dharamshala\",\n \"title\": \"Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17450455\",\n \"text\": \"was recognized and implemented. The Child Protection Helpline became a member of the Child Helpline International in 2005, and international network of child helplines from 143 countries. In 2008 during the war on Gaza, Sawa Organization expanded its helpline to cover 24 hours, 7 days a week. Sawa also expanded its helpline to cover 24/7 during the Israeli aggressions in 2010. From 2009 to 2011 Sawa went through large technological progress. They added an IP-phone system, which allowed the organization to receive and document more calls. It also allowed the development of an electronic database, the Caller Information Database. The\",\n \"title\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"3892973\",\n \"text\": \"to public relations crisis during the time of its launch as a form of public diplomacy, 'suggesting by implication that American media efforts do have the power to transform opinion if only implemented in a different form'. A study published in 2006, which surveyed college students at universities in five Arab countries, found that the students' attitudes towards U.S. foreign policy had actually worsened since they started listening to Radio Sawa and watching Al Hurra TV Radio Sawa has also been criticized for its poor quality control and for its resistance to any outside review of its programming. A 2004\",\n \"title\": \"Radio Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20816576\",\n \"text\": \"contract was terminated by mutual agreement. In May 2012, Sawa became manager of Motor Lublin, but he was sacked after six games of the 2012–13 season after a poor run of results. In 2013, he was hired to manage V liga club KS Dąbrowica. In April 2014, he was appointed manager of Motor Lublin for the second time, and remained with the club until the end of the 2014–15 season. In January 2016, Sawa became head coach of III liga side JKS 1909 Jarosław. In the spring of 2018, he worked as coach for IV liga club Polonia Przemyśl. On\",\n \"title\": \"Mariusz Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835280\",\n \"text\": \"(AJPW), taking part in a nine-man battle royal, during which he, as Lingerie Mutoh, got in the ring for the first time with Keiji Mutoh. From 2007 to 2011, Sawa also made several appearances for women's wrestling promotion Ice Ribbon, mainly working against the other male wrestlers in the promotion, including Choun Shiryu, Ribbon Takanashi, Mr. Gannosuke, and Gentaro, but also going opposite female wrestlers like Makoto, Miyako Matsumoto, Hikari Minami, and the promotion's founder Emi Sakura. On May 5, 2011, Sawa and Makoto made it to the finals of the first annual Go! Go! Golden Mixed Tag Tournament, before\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835273\",\n \"text\": \"and Hidaka lost the NWA Intercontinental Tag Team Championship to the 2009 Furinkazan winners, Akebono and Shinjiro Otani. The two then resumed defending the NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship, defeating Dragon Gate representatives Masaaki Mochizuki and Super Shisa on February 28, and American promotion Chikara representatives The Osirian Portal (Amasis and Ophidian) on May 8. Finally, after a reign of 766 days, the longest in the title's history, and eight successful defenses, Sawa and Hidaka lost the NWA International Lightweight Championship to Kaijin Habu Otoko and Takuya Sugawara on September 8, 2010. Later in September, Sawa again made it\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"16835260\",\n \"text\": \"official mixed martial arts match on May 21, 2006, when he was defeated by Takeshi Ono via technical knockout due to strikes. After deciding to become a full-time professional wrestler, Sawa returned to Battlarts in 2005, making the promotion his new home. He made his in-ring debut for the promotion on June 5 in a losing effort against Daisuke Sekimoto. For his first 25 months in the promotion, Sawa was unable to win a single match, losing to the likes of Manabu Hara, Daisuke Ikeda, Viktor Krueger in a WAA Heavyweight Championship match, and Yuki Ishikawa, before finally submitting Michinoku\",\n \"title\": \"Munenori Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10888347\",\n \"text\": \"has also represented Japan in four Olympics: Atlanta 1996, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008 and London 2012. In all, she played 41 matches and scored 11 goals at those ten global tournaments. Sawa was a member of the Japanese teams that won the 2011 Women's World Cup, and were runners-up at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2015 Women's World Cup. On 11 August 2015 Sawa announced her marriage without naming her husband. The next day, when asked, she said that her husband was former Vegalta Sendai player Hiroaki Tsujikami. On 10 January 2017, it was announced that she had given birth\",\n \"title\": \"Homare Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10888345\",\n \"text\": \"leading scorer with five goals and the Golden Ball for being the tournament's MVP. On 9 January 2012, Sawa was awarded the FIFA Women's World Player of the Year in Zurich, Switzerland. She announced her immediate retirement from international football in August 2012, after helping Japan win a silver medal at the 2012 London Olympics. Sawa returned to international competition in 2014 to help Japan win the 2014 Asian Cup, scoring her 82nd international goal in the process. In 2015, she returned to the national team from injury after a one-year absence and marked the occasion by scoring the winning\",\n \"title\": \"Homare Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10888342\",\n \"text\": \"league's first two seasons in 2009 and 2010. In September 2009, Sawa returned to Japan temporarily end of 2009 Women's Professional Soccer season, and joined Nippon TV Beleza on loan. End of 2010 Women's Professional Soccer season, she returned to Nippon TV Beleza. In January 2011, Sawa moved to INAC Kobe Leonessa for due to financial strain at Nippon TV Beleza, with international player, Shinobu Ohno, Yukari Kinga and Chiaki Minamiyama. The club won L.League championship for 3 years in a row (2011-2013). On December 16, 2015, she announced her retirement from playing career at the end of 2015 season.\",\n \"title\": \"Homare Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"10289845\",\n \"text\": \"Marian Sawa Marian Sawa (January 12, 1937 in Krasnystaw – April 27, 2005 in Warsaw) was a Polish composer, organist, improviser, musicologist, and pedagogue. He graduated from the Fryderyk Chopin Academy of Music in Warsaw, Poland in Feliks Rączkowski's organ class and Kazimierz Sikorski's composition class. As a pedagogue he has worked in Warsaw music education at the higher and academic level: J.Elsner Music School, K.Szymanowski Music School, F. Chopin Music Academy and Kardynal Stefan Wyszynski University (theoretical and practical musicology). He has toured as a soloist and an accompanist around the country and abroad. He has recorded many LPs\",\n \"title\": \"Marian Sawa\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"17450452\",\n \"text\": \"connects the caller with trained volunteers based in either Ramallah or Jerusalem. It provides support and assistance, primary social and psychological counseling for women, children, and men who have been exposed to various forms of violence and abuse. The call center is open from 09:00 – 24:00 every day. Sawa has a Facebook profile dedicated to chat counselling. The page provides a chat counselling program so that it is possible to communicate without talking on the phone, which is often used by residents outside of the Occupied Palestinian Territories. The chat is open Monday and Friday from 9:00-17:00. Sawa provides\",\n \"title\": \"SAWA (non-profit organization)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2399760\",\n \"text\": \"Hartland, Devon The village of Hartland, whose parish incorporates the hamlet of Stoke to the west and the village of Meddon in the south, is the most north-westerly settlement in the county of Devon, England. Now a large village which acts as a centre for a rural neighbourhood and has minor tourist traffic, until Tudor times Hartland was an important port. It lies close to the promontory of Hartland Point, where the coast of Devon turns from facing north into the Bristol Channel to face west into the Atlantic Ocean. There is an important lighthouse on the point. The town's\",\n \"title\": \"Hartland, Devon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"14069017\",\n \"text\": \"2008 on CD and on iTunes, where it topped the iTunes Music Store's dance chart in Japan. The following year, Sawa made her major label debut on Sony Music Entertainment Japan's sublabel, Epic Records, releasing two mini-albums, \\\"I Can Fly\\\" and \\\"Swimming Dancing\\\". \\\"I Can Fly\\\" was released on July 22, 2009 with commercial tie-ins to MBS TV fashion program \\\"Dress\\\" and a summer commercial for Honda. The mini-album peaked at #145 on the Oricon charts and charted for one week. \\\"Swimming Dancing\\\" was released on November 25, 2009 and reached a peak position of #210 on the Oricon, charting\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa (singer)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"5842465\",\n \"text\": \"Robin of Locksley (film) Robin of Locksley is a 1996 television movie directed by Michael Kennedy. It stars Devon Sawa, Joshua Jackson and Sarah Chalke. Robin McAllister (Devon Sawa) and his family win the lottery and they end up moving from Kansas City to Seattle where Robin attends Locksley Academy, a wealthy private school. While there Robin comes up with a plan to help one of his friends who was hurt and needs money for an operation by robbing from John Prince Sr., the head of a very wealthy corporation. Robin becomes friends with a couple of misfits at school\",\n \"title\": \"Robin of Locksley (film)\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"6913346\",\n \"text\": \"and faced the Cornish champion James Polkinghorne in a match in Morice Town, now in Plymouth, in 1826, watched by a crowd of 17,000 (after some dispute the match was declared a draw). Cann had defeated John Jordan, Flower, Wreyford, Simon Webber, and the other good wrestlers in Devon, and carried off the prizes at all the places where he became a competitor. Devon wrestling Devon wrestling is a type of wrestling that was popular in the nineteenth century. The Devonshire fashion of wrestling allows hardened footwear to be worn and kicking intended to disable the opponent. It has similarities\",\n \"title\": \"Devon wrestling\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20302961\",\n \"text\": \"of film certification.Later film was released successfully in the year 1976. Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun is an Indian period drama film directed and produced by Dara Singh. It featured Dara Singh in the role of Kartar. It was one of the most expensive film made in Punjabi languages. The film was made in both Hindi and Punjabi. It was the story of Kartar (Dara Singh) who is born and raised in a Hindu family in Punjab, and who later converts to Sikhism against his parents’ wishes. He joins the rebel-Sikh warriors, and fights the\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"20302959\",\n \"text\": \"Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun is an Indian period drama film directed and produced by Dara Singh. It featured Dara Singh in the role of Kartar. It was one of the most expensive film made in Punjabi languages. The film was made in both Hindi and Punjabi. It was the story of Kartar (Dara Singh) who is born and raised in a Hindu family in Punjab, and who later converts to Sikhism against his parents’ wishes. He joins the rebel-Sikh warriors, and fights the oppressive Mughal army. Dara Singh <br>Navin Nischol <br>Rajesh Khanna <br>Neetu Singh\",\n \"title\": \"Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8395559\",\n \"text\": \"2009 North Devon College and East Devon College were rebranded as Petroc. Acorn FM (now Fresh FM) was North Devon College's campus radio station. It was the first ever college station to have a 'Long term Restricted Service Licence'. Its broadcast on 87.7 FM by college students across the college campus. North Devon College North Devon College was a further education college in Barnstaple, North Devon. It is now part of Petroc. North Devon College (NDC) first opened in 1952. Originally, the plan was to spend £300,000 on the new North Devon Technical College, built on top of Sticklepath Hill.\",\n \"title\": \"North Devon College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7571169\",\n \"text\": \"Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi () was the governor of the Persian Sasanian Empire in some parts of the Southern Persian Gulf. Munzir was a prominent Arab chief and Tabi‘un in 7th century who hailed from Banu Tamim tribe. his genealogical full name is Mundhir bin Sawî bin al-Akhnas bin Bayān bin Amr bin Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abdullah bin Dharamshala bin Malik bin Hanzalah bin Malik bin Zaid bin Manat Al Tamimi. He was known as Persian governor of archaic Bahrain lands which included modern time Bahrain, Eastern part of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, South\",\n \"title\": \"Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18652400\",\n \"text\": \"attire as women suspended in midair did acrobatics against a chrome-y, industrial video backdrop.\\\" \\\"Where Are Ü Now\\\" was sampled in Craig David's single \\\"16\\\". Where Are Ü Now \\\"Where Are Ü Now\\\" is a song produced by American EDM artists Skrillex and Diplo under their collaborative effort Jack Ü, with vocals from Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was released as the second single from the duo's debut studio album, \\\"Skrillex and Diplo Present Jack Ü\\\" (2015), on their respective labels OWSLA and Mad Decent, and is also included on Bieber's fourth studio album \\\"Purpose\\\" (2015). It was released\",\n \"title\": \"Where Are Ü Now\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"2532210\",\n \"text\": \"of Devon. This is due in part to the differences between English and \\\"law Latin\\\", the language in which royal decrees were traditionally written. This has now become the difference between the two peerages, and it is convenient to call the Blount Earl (1603–06) Earl of Devonshire also. The principal seat of the Earls of Devon until the expiry of the senior line in 1556 was Tiverton Castle in Devon, and as a subsidiary seat Colcombe Castle, Devon, both of which are now largely demolished. The Earls of Devon created after 1556, or in existence \\\"de jure\\\", had occupied the\",\n \"title\": \"Earl of Devon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9520740\",\n \"text\": \"Fairmile, Devon Fairmile is a hamlet in the English county of Devon. It lies on the former A30 trunk road approximately west of Honiton, where this road crosses the Talaton to Ottery St Mary road, in the valley of the River Tale. Fairmile belongs partly to the civil parish of Talaton and partly to that of Ottery St Mary. The hamlet consists of land slightly smaller than the villages mentioned, but informally distinguished from them, a handful of houses, including the Fairmile Inn (now closed), a boarding cattery (Fairmile Cat Hotel est. 2010), a disused post office and a former\",\n \"title\": \"Fairmile, Devon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"9209901\",\n \"text\": \"encompassed several villages including Meldon. The hamlet is now part of the civil parish of Okehampton Hamlets. Meldon, Devon Meldon is a hamlet in West Devon, on the edge of Dartmoor in Devon, England. It is 4 km south-west of Okehampton. Its main features are the Meldon Quarry and Meldon Reservoir and the nearby Meldon Viaduct. Granite is still extracted from Meldon Quarry. The now disused Meldon Aplite Quarry has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest because of its exposures of aplite and other rocks. The Dartmoor Railway terminates at Meldon Quarry; the former continuation of the\",\n \"title\": \"Meldon, Devon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"8395555\",\n \"text\": \"North Devon College North Devon College was a further education college in Barnstaple, North Devon. It is now part of Petroc. North Devon College (NDC) first opened in 1952. Originally, the plan was to spend £300,000 on the new North Devon Technical College, built on top of Sticklepath Hill. But the college was developed in stages, starting with the engineering blocks (now B and C blocks). In 1952, the college offered courses including carpentry, bricklaying, auto engineering, science and technical drawing. Over the years, the college expanded and additional buildings were added. The campus reflects changes in architectural styles over\",\n \"title\": \"North Devon College\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"18652387\",\n \"text\": \"outside of the confines of a woman's love.\\\" For Emily Yoshida of \\\"The Verge\\\", \\\"'Where Are Ü Now' is about the priceless value of the personal relationship that is forged between a fan and a pop star.\\\" \\\"Billboard\\\" Jason Lipshutz included \\\"Where Are Ü Now\\\" in its \\\"Top 10 Songs of 2015 (So Far)\\\" list, stating that \\\"[t]his is the Justin Bieber we've been waiting for: emotive, vulnerable and smart enough to join forces with two of electronic music's most reliable maestros. The combination of Justin Bieber's moving falsetto and Skrillex and Diplo's tangled knot of beats makes 'Where Are\",\n \"title\": \"Where Are Ü Now\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"107000\",\n \"text\": \"historic county of Devon formed part of the diocese of Wessex, while nothing is known of the church organisation of the Celtic areas. About 703 Devon and Cornwall were included in the separate diocese of Sherborne and in 900 this was again divided into two, the Devon bishop having from 905 his seat at Tawton (now Bishop's Tawton) and from 912 at Crediton, birthplace of St Boniface. Lyfing became Bishop of Crediton in 1027 and shortly afterwards became Bishop of Cornwall. The two dioceses of Crediton and Cornwall, covering Devon and Cornwall, were permanently united under Edward the Confessor by\",\n \"title\": \"Devon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"106986\",\n \"text\": \"of Dartmoor in central Devon, part of the Cornubian batholith forming the 'spine' of the southwestern peninsula. There are small remains of pre-Devonian rocks on the south Devon coast. The oldest rocks which can be dated are those of the Devonian period which are approximately 395–345 million years old. Sandstones and shales were deposited in North and South Devon beneath tropical seas. In shallower waters, limestone beds were laid down in the area now near Torquay and Plymouth. This geological period was named after Devon by Roderick Murchison and Adam Sedgwick in the 1840s and is the only British county\",\n \"title\": \"Devon\"\n },\n {\n \"psg_id\": \"7571170\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman during the age of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In the 7th century, when Muhammad started preaching Islam throughout the world, the message of Islam was sent by Muhammad to Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi. Prior to Islam, the inhabitants of Bahrain (Eastern part of Arabian Peninsula) were idol worshippers, worshipping gods such as \\\"Awal\\\". Nestorian Christianity was also practiced in the region. Islam swept the entire Arabian region in the 7th century, overturning the idol worshippers and Christians. Muhammad sent his first envoy Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami to Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi, the ruler\",\n \"title\": \"Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi\"\n }\n]","isConversational":false},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["vancouver"],"string":"[\n \"vancouver\"\n]","isConversational":false}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":8,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":2457,"offset":800,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsImtpZCI6IjVHZDBvd0g5MTM2eDZjc1FvbE1zcktNWUZoRVFoUm5PVVVybEpjOUhaUEEifQ.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc4NjIzMDAyNSwianRpIjoiZGZiYTg4MTQtMmRkNi00ZGIwLWI0NzMtNDI2ZTU1OWE1YzRlIiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3ZzZWFyY2gvd2VicSIsImV4cCI6MTc4NjIzMzYyNSwiaXNzIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9odWdnaW5nZmFjZS5jbyJ9.rBJY_Gmb2AYECDSjAKP9fmG8Of92d0z0Qhp3YAA87XgwSJdnm3bdiWt3CMl9sqbxm1lKFeijeFgVfLumYAOsAQ","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"default","split":"train","numRows":2457,"numBytesParquet":78323682},{"config":"default","split":"validation","numRows":278,"numBytesParquet":8786475},{"config":"default","split":"test","numRows":2032,"numBytesParquet":124921}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":0,"total":0},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
question stringlengths 16 81 | positive_ctxs list | negative_ctxs list | hard_negative_ctxs list | answers list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
what show is jill wagner on? | [
{
"psg_id": "7549300",
"text": "Jill Wagner Jill Suzanne Wagner (born January 13, 1979) is an American film and television actress, model, and game show personality. She was a co-host for the ABC comic competition show \"Wipeout\" from 2008 to 2014. Wagner was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She was ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7549304",
"text": "on Rhett and Link's third episode of their YouTube series \"The Mythical Show\"; this was in response to an episode of their talk show \"Good Mythical Morning\", where they mentioned they had gone to college with a girl who had caught their interest, but never had the courage... | [
"wipeout",
"punk'd",
"blade: the series",
"teen wolf"
] |
who did megan fox have a baby with? | [
{
"psg_id": "4955793",
"text": "play a lead role as an American news reporter. Fox began dating actor Brian Austin Green in 2004, after meeting on the set of \"Hope & Faith\"; she was 18 years old, while he was 30. They became engaged in November 2006. In February 2009, they had ended their engagement. Late... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "20685868",
"text": "the series will consider whether female Amazon warriors really existed and whether the Trojan War was an historical event. The series was originally titled \"Mysteries and Myths with Megan Fox\". In July 2018, shooting for the documentary was being done in Istanbul, Turkey. ... | [
"brian austin green"
] |
what places made up the western roman empire? | [
{
"psg_id": "2747431",
"text": "ones, albeit only in a juridical sense. These emperors would continue to rule the Roman Empire until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, nearly a thousand years later. As 480 marks the end of the juridical division of the empire into two separate imperial courts, some histori... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4006825",
"text": "Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire The causes and mechanisms of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire are a historical theme that was introduced by historian Edward Gibbon in his 1776 book \"The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire\". He star... | [
"europe",
"north africa",
"middle east"
] |
what company did mitt romney run? | [
{
"psg_id": "16754407",
"text": "Business career of Mitt Romney The business career of Mitt Romney began shortly after he finished graduate school in 1975. At that time, Romney entered the management consulting industry, and in 1977 secured a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as its chief executive ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9504687",
"text": "Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign The Mitt Romney presidential campaign of 2008 began on January 3, 2007, two days before Mitt Romney left office as governor of Massachusetts, when he filed to form an exploratory committee with the Federal Election Commission to run for ... | [
"bain capital"
] |
what is vito corleone real name? | [
{
"psg_id": "4766623",
"text": "Corleone has a raspy voice, political connections, and disapproves of the drug trade. Brando apparently used tapes of Costello from the Kefauver hearings as the basis for the character's accent. Like Profaci, Vito Corleone owns an olive oil importing business to conceal his c... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4766622",
"text": "anthropomorphic arctic shrew, is a crime boss who shares mannerisms and a similar appearance with Corleone; and the comic book mini-series, \"\" and \"\", where the character Carmine Falcone is loosely based on Vito Corleone. \"Goodfeathers\", a segment of the cartoon show \"... | [
"marlon brando"
] |
where did justin bieber grew up? | [
{
"psg_id": "13600828",
"text": "ban. The Bureau released a statement, explaining \"Justin Bieber is a gifted singer, but he is also a controversial young foreign singer\", and \"In order to maintain order in the Chinese market and purify the Chinese performance environment, it is not suitable to bring in b... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19732168",
"text": "featured in Bieber's second concert film, \"Justin Bieber's Believe\", which was less successful than his first. Three years later Bieber's fourth studio album, \"Purpose\", was released. The music video for the single, \"Where Are Ü Now\" with Jack Ü, received four nominati... | [
"canada"
] |
what district does john cornyn represent? | [
{
"psg_id": "2184772",
"text": "John Cornyn John Cornyn III (born February 2, 1952) is an American politician and lawyer serving as the senior United States Senator from Texas since 2002. He is the current Senate Majority Whip for the 115th Congress. Cornyn previously served as Chairman of the National Repu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2184784",
"text": "Act in legislation. On May 18, 2007, Cornyn was involved in an altercation with the late Senator John McCain. During a meeting on immigration, McCain and Cornyn had a shouting match when Cornyn started questioning the number of judicial appeals that illegal immigrants could r... | [
"texas"
] |
who drafted kevin garnett? | [
{
"psg_id": "2802830",
"text": "Kevin Garnett Kevin Maurice Garnett (born May 19, 1976) is an American former professional basketball player who played for 21 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played the power forward and center positions. In high school, Garnett was a 1995 McDonald's... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2802851",
"text": "proud tradition and basketball success. On the day the trade was announced, Garnett signed a three-year, $60 million contract extension that would start after his prior deal ran out in 2009. On August 1, the day after signing with the Celtics, Garnett threw the ceremonial fir... | [
"minnesota timberwolves"
] |
what is zip code for chicago illinois? | [
{
"psg_id": "620877",
"text": "are only examples, as each of these cities contain several ZIP Codes in the same range). From there, the numbers increase heading westward and northward east of the Mississippi River, southward west of the Mississippi River, and northward on the West Coast. For example, 40202 ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "620856",
"text": "ZIP Code A ZIP Code is a postal code used by the United States Postal Service (USPS) in a system it introduced in 1963. The term \"ZIP\" is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan; it was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently and quickly (zipping along) when se... | [
"60605",
"60604",
"60607",
"60606",
"60601",
"60610",
"60603",
"60602",
"60290",
"60608"
] |
who did the voice of darth vader in star wars? | [
{
"psg_id": "4678540",
"text": "Hasbro Darth Vader Voice Changer The Darth Vader Voice Changer is a toy released by Hasbro in 2004 as part of the tail end of its Original Trilogy Collection line of toys focusing on characters from \"Star Wars\", \"The Empire Strikes Back\", and \"Return of the Jedi\". The v... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "650640",
"text": "with Vader. The original design of Darth Vader's costume did not originally include a helmet. The idea that Vader should wear a breathing apparatus was first proposed by concept artist Ralph McQuarrie during preproduction discussions for \"Star Wars\" with George Lucas in 1975... | [
"james earl jones"
] |
who is prime minister of japan 2011? | [
{
"psg_id": "15828925",
"text": "2011 Democratic Party (Japan, 1998) leadership election The 15th Democratic Party of Japan presidential election took place on August 29, 2011. The election chose Yoshihiko Noda as the successor to Naoto Kan as president of the Democratic Party (Minshutō) of Japan; the desig... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "334868",
"text": "may be withheld due to misconduct or refusal on the part of the Prime Minister (for example, Kiichi Miyazawa). As of 2019, eleven former Prime Ministers of Japan are alive. The most recent death of a former Prime Minister of Japan is that of Tsutomu Hata (1994) on August 28, 2... | [
"yoshihiko noda"
] |
what year did aaron rodgers get drafted? | [
{
"psg_id": "4282757",
"text": "Aaron Rodgers Aaron Charles Rodgers (born December 2, 1983) is an American football quarterback for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Rodgers played college football for the California Golden Bears, where he set several career passing records, inclu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4282760",
"text": "Rodgers. Aaron's father is a Texas-born chiropractor who played football as an offensive lineman for the Chico State Wildcats from 1973 to 1976. His ancestry includes English, Irish and German. The family moved to Ukiah, California, where Aaron attended Oak Manor Elementary S... | [
"2005 nfl draft"
] |
who is martin luther king jr wife? | [
{
"psg_id": "17114000",
"text": "Martin Luther King Jr. (Wilson sculpture) Martin Luther King Jr. is a public sculpture by American artist John Woodrow Wilson located at the United States Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C., United States. The bust depicts Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in a contemplative and p... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1477777",
"text": "Martin Luther King Jr. Day Martin Luther King Jr. Day (officially Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. and sometimes referred to as MLK Day) is an American federal holiday marking the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. It is observed on the third Monday of January each year, w... | [
"coretta scott king"
] |
who is the new governor of florida 2011? | [
{
"psg_id": "7826240",
"text": "1926), who died on December 16, 2016. Lieutenant Governor of Florida The Lieutenant Governor of Florida is a statewide elected office in the government of the U.S. state of Florida. According to the Florida Constitution, the lieutenant governor is elected to a four-year term ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "166816",
"text": "is elected on the same ticket as the governor, but nominated separately. Line of succession in full Governor of New York The Governor of New York is the chief executive of the U.S. state of New York. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state governme... | [
"rick scott"
] |
what books did jules verne wright? | [
{
"psg_id": "19315963",
"text": "6\" in 1978, he broadcast back a message to celebrate Verne's 150th birthday, saying: \"There's hardly a person who hasn't read his books, at any rate not among the cosmonauts, because Jules Verne was a dreamer, a visionary who saw flights in space. I'd say this flight too w... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2352349",
"text": "The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne is a 22-episode science fiction television series in the steampunk genre that first aired in June 2000 on CBC Television in Canada. The series first ran in the United States on cable on The Sci-Fi Chann... | [
"off on a comet",
"five weeks in a balloon",
"gil braltar",
"paris in the twentieth century",
"the child of the cavern",
"tribulations of a chinaman in china",
"the mysterious island",
"the adventures of captain hatteras",
"facing the flag",
"the begum's fortune"
] |
where does the philadelphia union soccer team play? | [
{
"psg_id": "11621439",
"text": "F.C., one of the most successful early American soccer clubs. The kit was primarily black with white trim, featuring a sublimated Union emblem, and a Bethlehem Steel F.C. jock tag. Home, away, and third uniforms. The Union play most of their games at Talen Energy Stadium (fo... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11621422",
"text": "Philadelphia Union The Philadelphia Union is an American professional soccer team based in Chester, Pennsylvania. The Union competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member club of the league's Eastern Conference. The club began play in 2010 as an expansion team of the leag... | [
"ppl park"
] |
where is the portuguese language derived from? | [
{
"psg_id": "5523980",
"text": "the various Portuguese creoles that have developed there. These creole languages co-exist with Portuguese and, in the countries where they are spoken, form a continuum with the lexifying language. In Cape Verde, refers to a variety of Cape Verdean Creole which takes on variou... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "324504",
"text": "grammar of Portuguese is the verb. Morphologically, more verbal inflections from classical Latin have been preserved by Portuguese than by any other major Romance language. Portuguese and Spanish share very similar grammar. Portuguese also has some grammatical innovations not ... | [
"brazil",
"canada",
"angola",
"portugal",
"macau",
"cape verde",
"andorra",
"timor-leste",
"guinea-bissau",
"mozambique"
] |
what type of planes does virgin america fly? | [
{
"psg_id": "3383929",
"text": "Class product, retaining the Virgin America foot rests, and different placement of the powerports. The number of First Class seats would increase from 8 to 16 seats on the A321neo, and from 8 to 12 seats on both the A319 and A320. Alaska also reconfigured the Virgin America A... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3383921",
"text": "Angeles to San Francisco, which departed at 9:35 PM and operated under Virgin America's original \"Redwood\" callsign. Overnight, the customer-facing portions of the company (including flight numbers, website, and airport check-in kiosks) were converted to use the Alaska Airl... | [
"airbus a319",
"airbus a320"
] |
what city is the university of maryland university college in? | [
{
"psg_id": "2836264",
"text": "University of Maryland University College The University of Maryland University College (UMUC) is an American public not-for-profit university located in Adelphi in Prince George's County, Maryland, in the United States. UMUC offers classes and programs on campus in its Acade... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2836265",
"text": "academic programs in instructor-led and online classes, including bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, as well as undergraduate and graduate certificates. UMUC is a member of the University System of Maryland, which includes eleven separate public universities in Maryl... | [
"adelphi"
] |
where did anne frank live before the war? | [
{
"psg_id": "10174995",
"text": "Anne Frank: The Biography Anne Frank: The Biography is the first full biography of Holocaust diarist Anne Frank. Written by Melissa Müller it was initially published in 1998 in Germany. The book was the basis for the mini-series \"\" (2001). Anne Frank was born on 12 June 19... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9529419",
"text": "Anne Frank House The Anne Frank House () is a writer's house and biographical museum dedicated to Jewish wartime diarist Anne Frank. The building is located on a canal called the Prinsengracht, close to the Westerkerk, in central Amsterdam in the Netherlands. During World War... | [
"frankfurt"
] |
where was joseph p kennedy born? | [
{
"psg_id": "2795004",
"text": "highest appellate tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church, the Roman Rota, in 2005. Rauch was not informed of the decision by the Boston Archdiocese until 2007. As the first decision was never confirmed, there was no time at which the Church declared the marriage to be null or ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7954210",
"text": "Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Joseph Patrick Kennedy Jr. (July 25, 1915 – August 12, 1944) was a United States Navy lieutenant. He was killed in action during World War II while serving as a land-based patrol bomber pilot, and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross. He was the eldes... | [
"boston"
] |
where do the san francisco giants play baseball? | [
{
"psg_id": "13944765",
"text": "2010 San Francisco Giants season The San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball team that play in the National League. Their 2010 season marked their 128th year in Major League Baseball, their 53rd year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "386229",
"text": "San Francisco Giants The San Francisco Giants are an American professional baseball team based in San Francisco, California. Founded in 1883 as the New York Gothams, and renamed three years later the New York Giants, the team eventually moved to San Francisco in 1958. The Gian... | [
"polo grounds",
"polo grounds iii",
"polo grounds ii",
"seals stadium",
"candlestick park",
"hilltop park",
"st. george cricket grounds",
"polo grounds iv",
"at&t park"
] |
what type of currency does egypt have? | [
{
"psg_id": "19076702",
"text": "printed. Outside of the Standard Catalog of World Paper Money for specialized issues, images of the last two types could not be found. The known population of remaining siege of Khartoum notes varies by denomination from the first type 100 piastre note (roughly 1,250 known) ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4183543",
"text": "Central Bank as \"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\". The US Department of Treasury in 2013 defined it more tersely as \"a medium of exchange... | [
"egyptian pound"
] |
what club team is diego forlan on? | [
{
"psg_id": "17726370",
"text": "F.C. on a three-year deal. Abhijit is a fan of Manchester United, Uruguay national football team and Diego Forlan is his favourite player. Abhijit Das Abhijit Das (born 10 July 1987) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Salgaocar F.C. in the I-L... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "17998220",
"text": "the group table. Due to such results, Anelka resigned and announced his departure at the end of the season. After first two seasons, Mumbai City's management made big changes as they appointed Alexandre Guimaraes as the head coach for the 2016-17 Indian Super League (ISL) se... | [
"uruguay national football team"
] |
what state is kaplan university online located? | [
{
"psg_id": "11392184",
"text": "University Exchange Program (Germany), Kyung Hee University Exchange Program (Korea). In 2018, Best College Reviews ranked Frostburg State University’s online AACSB accredited Master of Business Administration (MBA) program as the 17th best MBA programs’ nationally. US News ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7879836",
"text": "offerings: Kaplan University which specialized in online bachelor's and graduate degrees, and Kaplan College, which offered classroom-based instruction and was largely vocational in nature and focused on associate degrees and certificates. In 2015 Kaplan, Inc. sold all 38 Kap... | [
"maryland"
] |
where did l frank baum die? | [
{
"psg_id": "241785",
"text": "parodic by-laws. The group also included Will Rogers, but was proud to have had Baum as a member and posthumously revived many of his works despite their ephemeral intent. Many of these play's titles are known, but only \"The Uplift of Lucifer\" is known to survive (it was pub... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19341455",
"text": "stars James Franco, Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz, and Michelle Williams. L. Frank Baum bibliography This is complete bibliography by American children's writer L. Frank Baum. This list omits those stories that appeared in \"Our Landlady\", \"American Fairy Tales\", \"Animal Fair... | [
"hollywood"
] |
who is the leader of cuba 2012? | [
{
"psg_id": "815828",
"text": "Politics of Cuba Cuba has had a communist political system since 1959 based on the \"one state – one party\" principle. Cuba is constitutionally defined as a Marxist–Leninist socialist state guided by the political ideas of Marx, one of the fathers of historical materialism, E... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15557709",
"text": "following boats. Cuba has qualified four quota places in the shooting events; Cuban swimmers have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and 1 at the Olympic Selection Ti... | [
"raúl castro"
] |
where did gareth southgate play? | [
{
"psg_id": "3003506",
"text": "Individual Gareth Southgate Gareth Southgate (born 3 September 1970) is an English football manager and former player who played as a defender or as a midfielder. He is the manager of the England national team. Southgate won the League Cup with both Aston Villa and Middlesbro... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3003495",
"text": "Middlesbrough successfully argued that, because Southgate had recently been an international player, he had no opportunity to undertake the coaching courses. He did go on to complete his coaching qualifications. In his first season in charge, Southgate guided Middlesbrough to... | [
"england"
] |
what musical instruments did duke ellington play? | [
{
"psg_id": "519950",
"text": "Duke\". Ellington's first period at the Cotton Club concluded in 1931. Ellington led the orchestra by conducting from the keyboard using piano cues and visual gestures; very rarely did he conduct using a baton. By 1932 his orchestra consisted of six brass instruments, four ree... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "519948",
"text": "1929, the Cotton Club Orchestra appeared on stage for several months in Florenz Ziegfeld's Show Girl, along with vaudeville stars Jimmy Durante, Eddie Foy, Jr., Ruby Keeler, and with music and lyrics by George Gershwin and Gus Kahn. Will Vodery, Ziegfeld's musical supervisor, ... | [
"piano",
"jazz piano"
] |
what features do islam and christianity have in common? | [
{
"psg_id": "14818179",
"text": "by Irène Fernandez. The book was translated into English in 2007 with the titles \"Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam\" and \"In Defence of Atheism: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism and Islam\". In the first part \"Athéologie\", the au... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1556338",
"text": "Christianity and Islam Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world and share a historical and traditional connection, with some major theological differences. The two faiths share a common place of origin in the Middle East, and consider themselves to be... | [
"abrahamic religions"
] |
what was queen victoria queen of? | [
{
"psg_id": "15570107",
"text": "Wedding dress of Queen Victoria The wedding dress of Queen Victoria was worn by Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom, at her wedding to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha on 10 February 1840. She selected a white dress, which was considered an unusual choice at a time w... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5265415",
"text": "there so The Queen Victoria is based on what was once College Park Tavern on Harrow Road in Harlesden. Initially, the pub's exterior is first seen painted brown. This is later changed to a green and cream colour scheme before Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp) sets alight to the Quee... | [
"united kingdom"
] |
where is the gobi desert located? | [
{
"psg_id": "13495122",
"text": "from their respective itineraries across the desert. Among the European explorers who contributed to early-20th-century understanding of the Gobi, the most important were the following: Gobi Desert The Gobi Desert () is a large desert region in Asia. It covers parts of North... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13495101",
"text": "the Gobi Desert, with approximately 30 species distributed across its southern Mongolian border. The most common vegetation in the Gobi desert are shrubs adapted to drought. These shrubs included gray sparrow's saltwort (\"Salsola passerina\"), gray sagebrush, and low grasse... | [
"mongolia"
] |
who is prime minister of japan 2012? | [
{
"psg_id": "334868",
"text": "may be withheld due to misconduct or refusal on the part of the Prime Minister (for example, Kiichi Miyazawa). As of 2019, eleven former Prime Ministers of Japan are alive. The most recent death of a former Prime Minister of Japan is that of Tsutomu Hata (1994) on August 28, 2... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16990112",
"text": "the exercise of de facto, if not de jure, power. The current Deputy Prime Minister is Tarō Asō, who took the post on 26 December 2012. Deputy Prime Minister of Japan The is a senior member of the Cabinet of Japan. The office of the Deputy Prime Minister is not a permanent po... | [
"shinzō abe"
] |
what city was barack obama born in? | [
{
"psg_id": "12772926",
"text": "called Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women & Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Ann Dunham, from Wichita, Kansas, and her husband Barack Obama Sr., a Luo from Nyang'oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province (in what was then the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya), who was attending the Univ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12966525",
"text": "the face. Barack Obama is the subject of graphic novel \"Barack Hussein Obama\" by Steven Weissman. In this, President Obama and his cast of characters (Secretary Clinton, VP Joe Biden, his family) experience life in a parallel universe. Barack Obama has also appeared in Arc... | [
"honolulu"
] |
what countries speak spanish wikipedia? | [
{
"psg_id": "12352008",
"text": "Wikipedia in terms of the number of edits, as well as the third Wikipedia by the number of page views. By country of origin, by September 2017, Spain was the main contributor to the Spanish Wikipedia (39.2% of edits). It is followed by Argentina (10.7%), Chile (8.8%), the Ne... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12352011",
"text": "Spanish Wikipedia were football (soccer) clubs, including Club América, FC Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao, Alianza Lima, and Newell's Old Boys. Spanish Wikipedia The Spanish Wikipedia () is a Spanish-language edition of Wikipedia, a free, online encyclopedia. It has articles. St... | [
"spain"
] |
what films have johnny depp been in? | [
{
"psg_id": "797490",
"text": "gangster Whitey Bulger in \"Black Mass\". Depp is the third highest-grossing actor worldwide, as films featuring Depp have grossed over US$3.7 billion at the United States box office and over US$10 billion worldwide. His most commercially successful films are the \"Pirates of ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8461824",
"text": "Brothers. Musically, the band are recognisable for a frantic, relentless style, with few songs lasting more than three minutes in length. The band have been remixed by The Blacksmoke Organisation. Gay for Johnny Depp Gay for Johnny Depp was a hardcore band formed in New York,... | [
"the tourist",
"the rum diary",
"alice in wonderland",
"pirates of the caribbean: on stranger tides",
"rango",
"sweeney todd: the demon barber of fleet street"
] |
what major airport is near destin florida? | [
{
"psg_id": "1984258",
"text": "Destin–Fort Walton Beach Airport Destin–Fort Walton Beach Airport is an airport located within Eglin Air Force Base, near Destin and Fort Walton Beach in Okaloosa County, Florida. No private aircraft are allowed, so Destin Executive Airport is used instead for non-commercial ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10185877",
"text": "Destin Executive Airport Destin Executive Airport , also known as Coleman Kelly Field, is a public use airport owned by and located in Okaloosa County, Florida, United States. The airport is one nautical mile (2 km) east of the central business district of Destin, Florida. I... | [
"northwest florida regional airport",
"destin–fort walton beach airport"
] |
what country did vasco da gama came from? | [
{
"psg_id": "6744707",
"text": "for the acquisition of new surface ships. According to Conway's, 60% of the funding for these ships came from NATO military aid. Similar ships have been built for the navies of Greece, Turkey, Australia and New Zealand. Vasco da Gama-class frigate The \"Vasco da Gama\" class ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "558336",
"text": "is named after him, as is the crater Vasco da Gama on the Moon. There are three football clubs in Brazil (including Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama) and Vasco Sports Club in Goa that were also named after him. There exists a church in Kochi, Kerala called Vasco da Gama Church, a... | [
"portugal"
] |
what is the current government of vietnam? | [
{
"psg_id": "2640307",
"text": "President of Vietnam The President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam () is the head of state of Vietnam. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the President is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, after General Secretary of the... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4182385",
"text": "world. KC-702 was a military base that was operated by the Provisional Government of Free Vietnam, probably located in Cambodia, near the Vietnamese border. It is believed that this was once used to help plan the failed Vietnamese Embassy bombing in Laos. The current status o... | [
"single-party state",
"communist state",
"socialist state",
"dictatorship"
] |
what countries was the vietnam war between? | [
{
"psg_id": "14427530",
"text": "covertly to train ARVN; approved covert and intelligence operations in both North and South Vietnam; and proposed actions to improve relations between President Diem and the U.S. The International Conference on the Settlement of the Laotian Question convened in Geneva, Switz... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14427657",
"text": "the US to use what effective sanctions it has to bring about the fall of the existing government and the installation of another\" and \"study should be given [to] the suspension of aid.\" A meeting later that day between President Kennedy and his advisers was indecisive.\" ... | [
"south vietnam",
"australia",
"new zealand",
"north vietnam",
"pathet lao",
"philippines",
"khmer republic",
"united states of america",
"khmer rouge",
"north korea",
"viet cong",
"china",
"thailand",
"south korea",
"kingdom of laos",
"taiwan",
"soviet union"
] |
what to see outside of paris? | [
{
"psg_id": "17414253",
"text": "first skyscraper, The first skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building, a ten-story building with a steel frame. had been built in Chicago by Louis Sullivan in 1893–94, but Paris architects and clients showed little interest in building tall office buildings. Paris was already ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12886941",
"text": "See What You Want to See See What You Want to See is American country music artist Radney Foster's third studio album. It was released in 1999 on Arista Records. The record features a number of notable guests, such as Darius Rucker from Hootie & the Blowfish, as well as Abra... | [
"stade de france",
"20th arrondissement",
"american graduate school in paris",
"eiffel tower",
"latin quarter, paris",
"école nationale des ponts et chaussées",
"champs-élysées",
"gif-sur-yvette",
"parc des princes",
"collège sévigné"
] |
what does nazis stand for? | [
{
"psg_id": "6483752",
"text": "The Nazis Strike The Nazis Strike was the second film of Frank Capra's \"Why We Fight\" propaganda film series. It introduces Germany as a nation whose aggressive ambitions began in 1863 with Otto von Bismarck and with the Nazis as their latest incarnation. Hitler's plan for ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19980606",
"text": "What Does the K Stand For? What Does the K Stand For? is a BBC Radio Four sitcom series based on the experiences of comedian Stephen K. Amos growing up as a teenager in south London in the 1980s. The broadcast of the first series began in November 2013; the third series comm... | [
"national socialist party"
] |
where is the nfl hall of fame located and when was the building opened? | [
{
"psg_id": "5751525",
"text": "Pro Football Hall of Fame Game The Pro Football Hall of Fame Game is an annual National Football League (NFL) exhibition game that is held the weekend of the Pro Football Hall of Fame's induction ceremonies. The game is played at Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium, which is loca... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14562201",
"text": "Sport Hall of Fame Ottawa Sport Hall of Fame The Ottawa Sport Hall of Fame is a hall of fame dedicated to recognizing notable athletes and sports people who were born in or around Ottawa, Canada or had a sports career in Ottawa. The Hall of Fame is located in the Heritage Bu... | [
"canton"
] |
where did laura ingalls wilder live? | [
{
"psg_id": "5355049",
"text": "extends north on 63 to Lake City, Minnesota where it briefly runs along U.S. Route 61 before following Minnesota State Highway 60 to the Wisconsin border. From Rochester, the highway also runs south along US 63 until the intersection with Minnesota State Highway 16 near Sprin... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12125485",
"text": "Laura Ingalls Wilder House The Laura Ingalls Wilder House is a historic house museum at 3060 Highway A in Mansfield, Missouri. Also known as Rocky Ridge Farm, it was the home of author Laura Ingalls Wilder from 1896 until her death in 1957. The author of the \"Little House o... | [
"wisconsin"
] |
who did jason segel date? | [
{
"psg_id": "5432626",
"text": "who went on to play in the NBA. Segel's first major role was as stoner \"freak\" Nick Andopolis on the critically acclaimed but short-lived 1999 NBC comedy-drama series \"Freaks and Geeks\". The series revolved around a group of suburban Detroit high school students circa 198... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "5432623",
"text": "Jason Segel Jason Jordan Segel (; born January 18, 1980) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. He is known for his role as Marshall Eriksen in the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", as well as for his work with producer Judd Apatow on the television s... | [
"linda cardellini"
] |
where christopher columbus was born? | [
{
"psg_id": "20070355",
"text": "Christopher Columbus House The Christopher Columbus House in Genoa is an 18th-century reconstruction of the house in which Christopher Columbus grew up. The house is located outside Genoa's 14th-century walls. During the Renaissance, the area became subject to intense buildi... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8023005",
"text": "Christopher Columbus Andrews Christopher Columbus Andrews (October 27, 1829 – September 21, 1922) was an American soldier, diplomat, newspaperman, author, and forester. Andrews was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, the son of a rural farmer. He attended school during the w... | [
"genoa"
] |
who plays young lex luthor in smallville? | [
{
"psg_id": "11991706",
"text": "Lex Luthor (Smallville) Lex Luthor is a fictional character from the television series \"Smallville\". He is featured in the pilot episode until the season seven finale, and has been played continuously by Michael Rosenbaum, with various actors portraying the character as a ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11991754",
"text": "Watchtower's computer until they can clone her a new body, eventually a robotic one that mirrors her original's but it also gives her abilities include creating cyclone-force wind. It is also revealed that Lex was friends with Bruce Wayne, the secret identity of Batman, sinc... | [
"michael rosenbaum"
] |
who is lamar odom playing for in 2012? | [
{
"psg_id": "3120017",
"text": "Trends list for living people, which measures the highest spikes in traffic over a sustained period compared to the previous year. Lamar Odom Lamar Joseph Odom (born November 6, 1979) is an American retired professional basketball player. As a member of the Los Angeles Lakers... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3120012",
"text": "another spinoff from the series featuring Odom, Kardashian, and his two children from his previous relationship. The series, titled \"Khloé & Lamar\", debuted on April 10, 2011. Soon thereafter, Odom almost opted out of the show as the filming wore him down. The series was ca... | [
"los angeles lakers"
] |
who makes lois griffin voice? | [
{
"psg_id": "3619324",
"text": "Lois Griffin Lois Patrice Griffin (née Pewterschmidt) is a fictional character from the animated television series \"Family Guy\". She is voiced by writer Alex Borstein and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in the 15-minute short on Dece... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3619325",
"text": "appeared in the episode \"Death Has a Shadow\". Lois is the mother of the Griffin family. She and her husband, Peter, have three children: Meg, Chris, and Stewie, along with the family dog, Brian. Lois is often portrayed as a stereotypical television mother and housewife, des... | [
"alex borstein"
] |
what kind of system of government does the united states have? | [
{
"psg_id": "1602863",
"text": "of alcohol and the keeping of animals. The highest elected official of a town or city is usually the mayor. In New England, towns operate in a direct democratic fashion, and in some states, such as Rhode Island, Connecticut, and some parts of Massachusetts, counties have litt... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11958746",
"text": "The purpose of a system is what it does The purpose of a system is what it does (POSIWID) is a systems thinking heuristic coined by Stafford Beer. Stafford Beer coined the term POSIWID and used it many times in public addresses. In his address to the University of Valladolid... | [
"presidential system",
"federal republic",
"representative democracy",
"two-party system",
"constitutional republic",
"republic"
] |
what inventions did da vinci made? | [
{
"psg_id": "9634882",
"text": "itself would have rotated in the opposite direction to the rotor. While he designed a number of man powered flying machines with mechanical wings that flapped, he also designed a parachute and a light hang glider which could have flown. The viola organista was an experimental... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9634821",
"text": "Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian polymath, regarded as the epitome of the \"Renaissance Man\", displaying skills in numerous diverse areas of study. Whilst most famous for his paintings such as the \"Mona Lisa\" and the ... | [
"double hull",
"viola organista"
] |
who does malcom floyd play for? | [
{
"psg_id": "10725741",
"text": "team won the school’s intramural championship while he was an undergrad at Wyoming. Malcom Floyd Malcom Floyd (born September 8, 1981) is a retired American football wide receiver. He played his entire professional career for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football L... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10725740",
"text": "Sacramento where she volunteers as a mentor, tutor, counselor and ambassador, who teaches Polynesian dancing after school each day at one of the poorest schools in the city. In 2012, the Sacramento School District paid tribute to Floyd by changing the name of the school wher... | [
"san diego chargers"
] |
what position does terrell owens play? | [
{
"psg_id": "2518662",
"text": "Terrell Owens Terrell Eldorado Owens (; born December 7, 1973), popularly known by his initials, T.O., is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons. A six-time Pro Bowl selection and five-time first-team All-Pro, ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2518665",
"text": "a game due to illness. Owens is the son of Terrell Sr. and Marilyn Heard. Owens is the father of two daughters and two sons, by four different mothers. In September 2011, Owens was sued by Melanie Paige Smith III, the mother of his daughter, for failure to pay child support, ... | [
"wide receiver"
] |
what is julia gillard famous for? | [
{
"psg_id": "2783185",
"text": "the house in Fitzroy. Slater & Gordon investigated Gillard's conduct and concluded that Gillard had no case to answer. Gillard has denied any wrongdoing. A subsequent Royal Commission into union corruption found that Gillard had not committed or known of any criminal activity... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2783153",
"text": "In reply, journalist Peter Hartcher wrote, \"She was a woman when she was popular; she can't be unpopular now because she's a woman. The change is a result of her actions in office, not her gender.\" In an August 2012 press conference regarding the AWU affair, Gillard was cri... | [
"prime minister"
] |
what did kourtney kardashian go to college for? | [
{
"psg_id": "11170432",
"text": "in 1991. Through their marriage, Kardashian gained stepbrothers Burton \"Burt\", Brandon, and Brody; stepsister Casey; and half-sisters Kendall and Kylie. She attended Marymount High School, a Roman Catholic all-girls school in Los Angeles. Following graduation, she moved to... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11170440",
"text": "things are so good now...why would we want to change that?\", so he did not propose. On July 8, 2012, Kourtney gave birth to their second child, daughter Penelope Scotland Disick. She was named after Scotland because of Kourtney's Scottish ancestry. In June 2014, it was anno... | [
"theatre"
] |
what are the four official languages of nigeria? | [
{
"psg_id": "7948393",
"text": "Languages of Nigeria There are perhaps 500 languages spoken in Nigeria. The official language of Nigeria is English, the former language of colonial British Nigeria. As reported in 2003, Nigerian English and Nigerian Pidgin were spoken as a second language by 60 million peopl... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7948402",
"text": "failing to include other dialects and spurred debate as to what demarcates \"genuine Yoruba\". Linguistically speaking, all demonstrate the varying phonological features of the Niger–Congo family to which they belong, these include the use of tone, nasality, and particular co... | [
"english language"
] |
where is bergen belsen concentration camp located? | [
{
"psg_id": "1327887",
"text": "Bergen-Belsen concentration camp Bergen-Belsen , or Belsen, was a Nazi concentration camp in what is today Lower Saxony in northern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen near Celle. Originally established as a prisoner of war camp, in 1943, parts of it became a concentrati... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1327928",
"text": "come. To me Belsen was the ultimate blasphemy. I saw my father beaten by the SS, and I lost most of my family there... A ransom deal that the Americans attempted saved 2,000 Jews and I was one. I actually went into the gas chamber, but was reprieved. God knows why. This camp ... | [
"germany"
] |
who was louis xvi? | [
{
"psg_id": "617780",
"text": "Louis XVI Had Had an Atom of Firmness\" by André Maurois, which tell very different stories but both imagine Louis surviving and still reigning in the early 19th century. Louis appears in the children's book \"Ben and Me\" by Robert Lawson but does not appear in the 1953 anima... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "617779",
"text": "live action film. In \"Start the Revolution Without Me\", Louis XVI is portrayed by Hugh Griffith as a laughable cuckold. Mel Brooks played a comic version of Louis XVI in \"The History of the World Part 1\", portraying him as a libertine who has such distaste for the peasantr... | [
"king of france"
] |
what was the name of tecumseh brother? | [
{
"psg_id": "1627078",
"text": "sister, Tecumapese. Wahskiegaboe, Tecumapese's husband, later became one of Tecumseh's supporters. Chiksika or Cheeseekau, Tecumseh's eldest brother and a leading warrior, essentially raised him. Chiksika took Tecumseh hunting and taught him to become a warrior; however, thei... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1627133",
"text": "bust was originally meant to represent Tamanend, an Indian chief from the 17th century who was known as a lover of peace and friendship, but the Academy's midshipmen preferred the warrior Tecumseh, and have referred to the statue by his name. Four ships of the United States N... | [
"tenskwatawa"
] |
where was selena gomez really born? | [
{
"psg_id": "8683183",
"text": "October 2018. Gomez has earned numerous awards throughout her career, including an ALMA Award, an American Music Award, an MTV Video Music Award, a People's Choice Award, two Billboard Women in Music Awards, and eighteen Teen Choice Awards. Selena Marie Gomez was born in Gran... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8683184",
"text": "\"My family does have Quinceañeras, and we go to the communion church. We do everything that's Catholic, but we don't really have anything traditional except [that we] go to the park and have barbecues on Sundays after church.\" Gomez's parents divorced when she was five year... | [
"grand prairie"
] |
who did lamar odom sign with? | [
{
"psg_id": "3119979",
"text": "draft with the fourth overall pick by the Los Angeles Clippers. He was named to the NBA All-Rookie Team, but twice he violated the league's drug policy in his four seasons with the Clippers. He signed as a restricted free agent with the Miami Heat, where he played one season ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3120017",
"text": "Trends list for living people, which measures the highest spikes in traffic over a sustained period compared to the previous year. Lamar Odom Lamar Joseph Odom (born November 6, 1979) is an American retired professional basketball player. As a member of the Los Angeles Lakers... | [
"los angeles clippers"
] |
when did the battle of thermopylae occur? | [
{
"psg_id": "9861421",
"text": "Greek regime that didn't took part in the battle. Battle of Thermopylae (1941) The Battle of Thermopylae, on 24–25 April 1941, was part of the German invasion of Greece during World War II. Following the retreat of Allied forces from the mountain passes at Olympus and Servia,... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1377367",
"text": "delaying action that gave the Greek navy time to prepare for the Battle of Salamis. However, compared to the probable time (about one month) between Thermopylae and Salamis, the time bought was negligible. Furthermore, this idea also neglects the fact that a Greek navy was fi... | [
"greece"
] |
where did eleanor roosevelt go to school? | [
{
"psg_id": "12444042",
"text": "\"ugly duckling\". However, Roosevelt wrote at 14 that one's prospects in life were not totally dependent on physical beauty: \"no matter how plain a woman may be if truth and loyalty are stamped upon her face all will be attracted to her.\" Roosevelt was tutored privately a... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6639664",
"text": "Eleanor Roosevelt High School (Maryland) Eleanor Roosevelt High School (ERHS), is a Maryland public magnet high school specializing in science, mathematics, technology, and engineering. The school was established in 1976 at its current location in Greenbelt, Maryland and is p... | [
"allenswood academy",
"the new school"
] |
what country does turkey trade with? | [
{
"psg_id": "10202171",
"text": "assisted Peshmerga forces in northern Iraq and the Somali Armed Forces with security and training. Turkish Armed Forces have overseas military bases in Albania, Iraq, Qatar, and Somalia. In the 2016 Global Peace Index, Turkey ranked 145th out of 163 countries in the world, m... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10945154",
"text": "other singles charted far outside the Top 40. \"How Many Hearts\" was the last single Anderson released, and it peaked at No. 69 on the country charts in 1989. The album's cover shows Anderson leaning on a fancy sports car, wearing a classic 1980s outfit. What She Does Best ... | [
"albania",
"algeria"
] |
what do people speak in singapore? | [
{
"psg_id": "5665719",
"text": "Do You Speak American? Do You Speak American? is a documentary film and accompanying book about journalist Robert MacNeil's investigation into how different people throughout the United States of America speak. The book and documentary look at the evolution of America's way o... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16679165",
"text": "song in 2014 together with the other song, We Will Get There/One People, One Nation, One Singapore, sung by Fauzie Laily, Jack and Rai, Kartik Kunasegaran and Shaun Jansen in its acoustic version. What Do You See? \"What Do You See?\" (就在这里 in Mandarin) is a song by Singapor... | [
"malay language",
"tamil language",
"standard mandarin",
"english language"
] |
what is the currency in slovakia 2012? | [
{
"psg_id": "364914",
"text": "country officially on December 31, 1992. The Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic went their separate ways after 1 January 1993, an event sometimes called the Velvet Divorce. Slovakia has remained a close partner with the Czech Republic. Both countries co-operate with Hungar... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16170453",
"text": "Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 Slovakia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan. The Slovak entry was selected through an internal selection, organised by the Slovak broadcaster Radio and Television Slovakia (RTVS). Max Jason Mai re... | [
"euro"
] |
what is the mascot of dartmouth college? | [
{
"psg_id": "103930",
"text": "the \"use of the [Indian] symbol in any form to be inconsistent with present institutional and academic objectives of the College in advancing Native American education.\" Some alumni and students, as well as the conservative student newspaper, \"The Dartmouth Review\", have s... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "103929",
"text": "micrometers across. The design has appeared on Rudolph Ruzicka's Bicentennial Medal (Philadelphia Mint, 1969) and elsewhere. Dartmouth has never had an official mascot. The nickname \"The Big Green,\" originating in the 1860s, is based on students' adoption of a shade of fores... | [
"dartmouth moose",
"keggy the keg"
] |
who played jacob black? | [
{
"psg_id": "10007135",
"text": "Jacob Black Jacob \"Jake\" Black is a character in the \"Twilight\" series by Stephenie Meyer. He is described as an attractive Native American of the Quileute tribe in La Push, near Forks, Washington. In the second book of the series (\"New Moon\"), he discovers that he can... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10007165",
"text": "\"teams\" of followers, whether \"Team Jacob\" or \"Team Edward\". In a poll done by \"Novel Novice Twilight\" and appearing on NNT News in 2008, Team Jacob got 2,641 votes and Team Edward got 5,130 votes. A poll done by Top 7 with over 43,000 votes had Jacob trailing Edward... | [
"taylor lautner"
] |
who pays social security and medicare? | [
{
"psg_id": "688554",
"text": "even higher over time. Therefore, many people delay collecting Social Security but join Medicare at 65 and have to pay their Part B premium directly. Part C plans may or may not charge premiums (almost all do), depending on the plans' designs as approved by the Centers for Med... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11265944",
"text": "year, the group came under investigation by members of Congress who accused the organization of frightening the elderly about the safety of their Social Security benefits. A hearing was scheduled to address \"misleading and deceptive mailings to Social Security beneficiaries... | [
"centers for medicare and medicaid services"
] |
what movies star adam sandler? | [
{
"psg_id": "982011",
"text": "Adam Sandler Adam Richard Sandler (born September 9, 1966) is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and film producer. After becoming a \"Saturday Night Live\" cast member, Sandler went on to star in many Hollywood feature films that combined have grossed over $2 billion ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "982025",
"text": "presidential campaign. Sandler is now believed to be an independent, and has not made his political views known since his donation to Giuliani's campaign in 2007. Sandler resides in Los Angeles, and has a second residence in Highland Beach, Florida, in the same building as his... | [
"funny people",
"anger management",
"happy gilmore",
"big daddy",
"50 first dates",
"click",
"bulletproof",
"billy madison",
"eight crazy nights",
"airheads"
] |
what university did bill clinton graduated from? | [
{
"psg_id": "34227",
"text": "with Freemasonry, but he never became a Freemason. He is a member of Kappa Kappa Psi honorary band fraternity. Upon graduating from Georgetown in 1968, Clinton won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College, Oxford, where he initially read for a B.Phil. in Philosophy, Politics,... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "34216",
"text": "Bill Clinton William Jefferson Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to the presidency, he was the Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, and again f... | [
"yale law school"
] |
where did president kennedy go to school? | [
{
"psg_id": "13621501",
"text": "Max Kennedy Matthew Maxwell Taylor \"Max\" Kennedy (born January 11, 1965) is an American author. A member of the Kennedy family, he is the ninth child of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel Kennedy. Kennedy was born in New York City, and baptized by Monsignor William McCorma... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15358183",
"text": "album, \"Where Did Our Love Go\", released later that year. A German language version of the song was recorded by the Supremes for German-speaking markets overseas. The song seemed to strike a chord in the United States, with a group which would become the most successful ch... | [
"riverdale country school",
"stanford graduate school of business",
"stanford university",
"canterbury school",
"london school of economics",
"choate rosemary hall",
"harvard university",
"edward devotion school",
"harvard college",
"princeton university"
] |
when did the ny knicks last win a championship? | [
{
"psg_id": "12654473",
"text": "1973–74 New York Knicks season The 1973–74 New York Knicks season was the 28th season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Knicks entered the season as the defending NBA champions, having defeated the Los Angeles Lakers in the 1973 NBA Finals in fiv... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11938017",
"text": "Houston 21.6. The Knicks defense did not allow any opponent to score more than 96 points against them in their 20 playoff games. Following the season, Williams retired. The team's season roster is featured in NBA 2K18. C – NBA Champions E – Eastern Conference Champions Feb. ... | [
"1973 nba finals"
] |
what happened at fukushima daiichi nuclear plant? | [
{
"psg_id": "10483341",
"text": "Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant The , is a nuclear power plant located on a site in the town of Naraha and Tomioka in the Futaba District of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) runs the plant. After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10483298",
"text": "of a structure to develop the technologies and processes necessary to dismantle the four reactors damaged in the Fukushima accident. Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant The is a disabled nuclear power plant located on a site in the towns of Ōkuma and Futaba in the Fukushim... | [
"2011 tōhoku earthquake and tsunami"
] |
who was louis kossuth? | [
{
"psg_id": "2354742",
"text": "4-8 cent, in the Champion of Liberty series. Kossuth Road in Cambridge, Ontario Canada was named in Kossuth's honor. Lajos Kossuth Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (, Slovak: Ľudovít Košút, archaically English: Louis Kossuth) 19 September 1802 – 20 March 1894) was a Hu... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1133322",
"text": "the people\" speech at Gettysburg in 1863. Ralph Waldo Emerson said in greeting Kossuth on his arrival at Concord, Massachusetts, on May 11, 1852:[W]e have been hungry to see the man whose extraordinary eloquence is seconded by the splendor and the solidity of his actions. Ko... | [
"politician",
"lawyer"
] |
when did the red sox win the pennant? | [
{
"psg_id": "7604886",
"text": "once again. By 1909, center fielder Tris Speaker had become a fixture in the Boston outfield, and the Red Sox worked their way up to third place in the American League. However, the Red Sox would not win the pennant again until their 105-win 1912 season, finishing with a club... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "10547855",
"text": "vs. the Angels, and needed to win the second game to tie the Red Sox for first place. But their bullpen failed, and the Angels' Rick Reichardt hit a home run in an 8–5 Angel win. The Red Sox had won their first American League pennant in 21 years. Mayor of Boston John F. Col... | [
"1918 world series",
"2007 world series",
"2004 world series",
"1903 world series",
"1912 world series",
"1916 world series",
"1915 world series"
] |
where did harry truman die? | [
{
"psg_id": "6669704",
"text": "to investigating a shoddily built New Jersey housing project for war workers. The committee reportedly saved as much as $15 billion (equivalent to $ billion in ), and its activities put Truman on the cover of \"Time\" magazine. According to the Senate's historical minutes, in... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "21008192",
"text": "the sources.\" Taking a more critical tone, James Giglio in \"The Journal of American History\" called the book \"thoughtful\" but felt that it failed to place Truman \"into some broader political context\" of American history in the way McCullough's book did. Harry S. Truma... | [
"kansas city"
] |
what was reagan before president? | [
{
"psg_id": "13342875",
"text": "Jack Reagan John Edward \"Jack\" Reagan (July 13, 1883 – May 18, 1941) was the father of radio station manager Neil Reagan (1908–1996) and Ronald Reagan (1911–2004), motion picture actor, 33rd Governor of California, and 40th President of the United States of America Jack's ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "8557191",
"text": "What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United States President Ronald Reagan as a model conservative... | [
"governor of california"
] |
where did bernie madoff work? | [
{
"psg_id": "12811336",
"text": "Ruth Madoff Ruth Madoff (née Alpern; born May 18, 1941) is the wife of Bernie Madoff, the convicted American financial fraudster. She was director of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities. Madoff was born in Queens, New York, and raised in Laurelton, to a practicing Jewish... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12789898",
"text": "had met Shana Madoff in 2003 while investigating her uncle Bernie Madoff and his firm. The investigation was concluded in 2005. In 2006 Swanson left the SEC and became engaged to Shana Madoff, and in 2007 the two married. A spokesman for Swanson said he \"did not participate... | [
"bernard l. madoff investment securities"
] |
what website did mark zuckerberg co founder? | [
{
"psg_id": "15053394",
"text": "is protective for perpetrators. Zuckerberg and her husband Brent Tworetzky have two sons. The family resides in New York City. Randi Zuckerberg Randi Jayne Zuckerberg (born February 28, 1982) is an American businesswoman. She is the former director of market development and ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6170667",
"text": "script: On January 29, 2011, Zuckerberg made a surprise guest appearance on \"Saturday Night Live\", which was being hosted by Jesse Eisenberg. They both said it was the first time they ever met. Eisenberg asked Zuckerberg, who had been critical of his portrayal by the film, ... | [
"facebook"
] |
what bass does jared followill use? | [
{
"psg_id": "17396957",
"text": "The band released their first album with him in November 2014 entitled Bloodstone & Diamonds. Jared MacEachern Jared MacEachern (born August 16, 1980) is an American musician, best known as a singer and rhythm guitarist of the American heavy metal band Sanctity. In 2013, he ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "15112035",
"text": "Fox named him part of their team covering that year's CONCACAF Gold Cup. He has also called UEFA Europa League, Bundesliga, MLS, FIFA U-17 World Cup, and FIFA U-20 World Cup action for Fox. Followill was also an announcer for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Followill also announces... | [
"bass guitar"
] |
who played captain kirk in star trek? | [
{
"psg_id": "11892911",
"text": "Voyage of the Starship \"Enterprise\"\", with John Belushi as Kirk, Chevy Chase as Spock and Dan Aykroyd as McCoy. In the 1980s, \"Saturday Night Live\" did a sketch with William Shatner reprising his Captain Kirk role in \"The Restaurant Enterprise\", preceded by a sketch i... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "16429291",
"text": "first number one single on the chart, which had just been established. Following the success of \"Where's Captain Kirk?\", which refers to captain James T. Kirk of the \"Star Trek\" fictional universe, two further \"Star Trek\" related songs were released by the band. \"Spoc... | [
"jimmy bennett",
"chris pine",
"william shatner"
] |
what type of currency does the us have? | [
{
"psg_id": "1701664",
"text": "financial assets denominated in a foreign currency. It can also occur as a gradual conversion to full currency substitution, for example, Argentina and Peru were both in the process of converting to the U.S. dollar during the 1990s. \"Dollarization\", when referring to curren... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "4183543",
"text": "Central Bank as \"a type of unregulated, digital money, which is issued and usually controlled by its developers, and used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community\". The US Department of Treasury in 2013 defined it more tersely as \"a medium of exchange... | [
"united states dollar"
] |
what currency does thailand use? | [
{
"psg_id": "414859",
"text": "Economy of Thailand Thailand is a newly industrialized country. Its economy is heavily export-dependent, with exports accounting for more than two-thirds of its gross domestic product (GDP). In 2017, according to the IMF, Thailand had a GDP of 15.450 trillion baht (US$455 bill... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13810778",
"text": "week.\" VanDerWerff of the \"LA Times\", Ryan of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Sepinwall of \"The Star-Ledger\", Jensen of \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Mark Medley of the \"National Post\" also found the episode to contain humorous lines. This episode was watched by 11 million Am... | [
"thai baht"
] |
where is canadian county oklahoma? | [
{
"psg_id": "917817",
"text": "Canadian County, Oklahoma Canadian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the population was 115,541, making it the fifth-most populous county in Oklahoma. Its county seat is El Reno. The county is named for the Canadian River. Canadia... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "917822",
"text": "flows southeast about , where it becomes the southern border of the county. Its course within the county is long, and the elevation where it leaves the county is . Named tributaries include Dry Creek and Boggy Creek, The Cimarron River does not flow through the county, but dra... | [
"oklahoma city, ok metropolitan statistical area",
"oklahoma"
] |
in which province islamabad is located? | [
{
"psg_id": "18875574",
"text": "From Jhang city, there is an AC and Non-AC bus/van service for Bhakkar and Dera Ismail Khan. Basti Islamabad is just 9km apart from Haiderabad Thall which occurs on Jhang Bhakkar road, this is the same road which is from Islamabad to Karachi through Saraye Muhajir - to- Chak... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "616441",
"text": "surrounding rural areas. However, Islamabad city is part of the Islamabad Capital Territory, while Rawalpindi is part of Rawalpindi District, which is part of province of Punjab . Initially, it was proposed that the three areas would be connected by four major highways: Murree... | [
"pakistan"
] |
where is oceania on a map? | [
{
"psg_id": "14953125",
"text": "Demographics of Oceania Oceania is a region centered on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Conceptions of what constitutes Oceania vary, with it being defined in various ways, often geopolitically or geographically. In the geopolitical conception used by the United N... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "299360",
"text": "a more recent temperature of recorded in 1995 in nearby Ophir. Pohnpei of the Senyavin Islands in Micronesia is the wettest settlement in Oceania, and one of the wettest places on earth, with annual recorded rainfall exceeding each year in certain mountainous locations. The Bi... | [
"pacific ocean"
] |
what can you do in palm springs ca? | [
{
"psg_id": "16790028",
"text": "of production or performance.\" One of the first significant films shot in Palm Springs was Frank Capra's 1937 \"Lost Horizon\", with scenes filmed in Tahquitz Canyon. For a list of movies and television programs filmed in Palm Springs and the Coachella Valley area, see: Lis... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12068608",
"text": "with Les Homme Sauvage and Fran Healy & Andy Dunlop from Travis. The band played at the opening night of the 26th Haldern Pop Festival in Germany in August 2009. Second LP \"The Hope That Kills You\" followed in January 2010. Palm Springs (band) Palm Springs is a Brighton-ba... | [
"the fabulous palm springs follies",
"palm springs air museum",
"living desert zoo and gardens",
"palm springs walk of stars",
"the palm springs art museum",
"knott's soak city",
"tahquitz canyon",
"palm springs aerial tramway",
"moorten botanical garden and cactarium",
"san jacinto mountains"
] |
where is red lake ontario? | [
{
"psg_id": "15749870",
"text": "Red Lake Road, Ontario Red Lake Road is an unincorporated place and community in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is named for the road, today's Ontario Highway 105, that runs from the community of Vermilion Bay in the south to the town of Red ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "6567359",
"text": "Madsen and Starratt-Olsen. Only one highway in the province, the secondary Highway 599, extends further north than the terminus of Highway 125. The town acts as a cargo, passenger and tourism hub for Northwestern Ontario. With Pickle Lake, Red Lake services over twenty northe... | [
"canada"
] |
who was the president of pakistan in 1980? | [
{
"psg_id": "5184513",
"text": "climate of vigilante violence. Hindus have suffered from the climate of violence and hundreds have fled Pakistan for India.\" Farahnaz Ispahani who was the media advisor to the President of Pakistan from 2008 to 2012, has blamed the successive Pakistani governments of pursuin... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "2486145",
"text": "with great hopes of governmental stability in the future. President of Pakistan The President of Pakistan ( — , ), is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces, per the Constitution of Pakistan. The ... | [
"muhammad zia-ul-haq"
] |
which college did barack obama attend? | [
{
"psg_id": "11719442",
"text": "reunite him with his stepfather. In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in 1979 As a young adult, Obama moved to the contiguous United States, where he was educated at Occidental College, Columbia University, and Harvard Law Sch... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "11664619",
"text": "Barack Obama Sr. Barack Hussein Obama Sr. (; 18 June 1936 – 24 November 1982) was a Kenyan senior governmental economist and the father of Barack Obama, the 44th President of the United States. He is a central figure of his son's memoir, \"Dreams from My Father\" (1995). Oba... | [
"columbia university"
] |
where was st elizabeth ann seton born? | [
{
"psg_id": "12534150",
"text": "to the saint under this title. National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton The National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton is a U.S. religious site and educational center in Emmitsburg, Maryland, that pays tribute to the life and mission of Elizabeth Ann Seton (August 28, 17... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "14082400",
"text": "had 119, with Freshmen, Sophomores, Juniors, and Seniors attending. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic High School (or Seton Catholic College Preparatory School) is a Catholic high school within the Archdiocese of Seattle in Vancouv... | [
"new york city"
] |
what teams played in the 2010 stanley cup? | [
{
"psg_id": "13310510",
"text": "2010 Stanley Cup playoffs The 2010 Stanley Cup playoffs of the National Hockey League (NHL) began on April 14, 2010, after the 2009–10 NHL regular season. The Finals ended on June 9, 2010, with the Chicago Blackhawks defeating the Philadelphia Flyers in six games to win thei... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "13310539",
"text": "with Chicago leading San Jose three games to one. This was the only sweep of the entire playoffs. This was the second playoff series between these two teams and the first since 1971 when the Blackhawks swept the Flyers in four games in the Stanley Cup quarterfinals. Philadel... | [
"chicago blackhawks"
] |
what colony is john adams from? | [
{
"psg_id": "14396055",
"text": "John Adams Sr. John Adams Sr. (February 8, 1691 – May 25, 1761) was a British colonial farmer and minister. He was the father of the second U.S. President, John Adams Jr., and grandfather of the sixth President, John Quincy Adams. He was the son of Joseph Adams Jr. (1654–173... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "9989271",
"text": "McCullough, \"Popular symbolism has not been very generous toward Adams. There is no memorial, no statue ... in his honor in our nation's capital, and to me that is absolutely inexcusable. It's long past time when we should recognize what he did, and who he was.\" John Adams ... | [
"massachusetts"
] |
who plays mary jane in spiderman 3? | [
{
"psg_id": "1970581",
"text": "of the party' personality as shallow and MJ was not ready to be tied down by one man. She eventually became Peter's main love interest after Gwen (who Mary Jane became best friends with) died. Both formed a bond through grief of losing Gwen, got closer, had an on-off relation... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "19413397",
"text": "She was declared Venerable on 9 October 2013. A small museum in Funchal is dedicated to her life and work, and there is a sculpture of her, by Luís Paixão, in the municipal gardens in Santa Cruz. A book on her life \"The invincible Victorian, the life of Mary Jane Wilson\" b... | [
"kirsten dunst"
] |
where was abraham lincoln buried? | [
{
"psg_id": "6259409",
"text": "system and who is buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery. In 2015 the first American federally approved monument honoring LGBT veterans was dedicated at the cemetery. Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery The Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery covers in Elwood, Illinois. It is located appro... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "7167153",
"text": "and stop by his father's body. The Indian reached for Thomas, either to kill him or to carry him off. Mordecai took aim and shot the Indian in the chest, killing him. Tradition states that Captain Abraham Lincoln was buried next to his cabin, which is now the site of Long Run... | [
"oak ridge cemetery"
] |
who was the grandson of king david's father? | [
{
"psg_id": "18868171",
"text": "Prince David of Imereti David (, \"Davit′\"; 1781 – 1 September 1820) was a Georgian royal prince (\"batonishvili\") of the Bagrationi dynasty of Imereti. He was killed in a rebellion against the Russian rule in Imereti. He was the ancestor of the now-extinct line of Princes... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "12349459",
"text": "University and is today its sorority house. After Almena's death, Rev. Gotwald wrote a loving biography of David and Almena in which he penned this moving tribute to his late father in law. Of all the descendants of the first David King, his creative and industrious grandson... | [
"solomon"
] |
when was the last time the oakland raiders won the super bowl? | [
{
"psg_id": "20668818",
"text": "losing seasons in 1979 and 1980 and the Raiders won Super Bowl XV in 1980 as the first wild-card team to win the Super Bowl, their fortunes were about to change. In 1980, Raiders owner Al Davis's failure to get luxury boxes added to the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum result... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "305563",
"text": "Bay Packers in Super Bowl II. The Raiders have won a total of 3 Super Bowls. They won their first Super Bowl under John Madden, and their next two with Tom Flores. When the team was founded in 1960, the \"Oakland Tribune\" held a name-the-team contest. The winning name was the... | [
"super bowl xv"
] |
what did theodore roosevelt do that brought him to national prominence? | [
{
"psg_id": "20140900",
"text": "2019.\"\" Memorials to Theodore Roosevelt Several memorials have been devoted to Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president of the United States. Additionally, various groups have acted to preserve his legacy. In 1919, the Theodore Roosevelt Association (originally known as the ... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "3336857",
"text": "park units from 1934 to 1941, and they developed roads and other structures in use today. The area was designated the \"Roosevelt Recreation Demonstration Area\" in 1935. In 1946 it was transferred to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service as the \"Theodore Roosevelt Nat... | [
"president of the united states"
] |
where is devon sawa now? | [
{
"psg_id": "1164184",
"text": "Devon Sawa Devon Edward Sawa (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian actor. He began acting when he was a teen, appearing in the films \"Little Giants\" (1994), \"Casper\" (1995), \"Now and Then\" (1995), \"Night of the Twisters\" (1996), \"Wild America\" (1997), and \"SLC Pun... | [] | [
{
"psg_id": "1164187",
"text": "2013. In 2017, Sawa portrayed the role of Nico Jackson in \"Somewhere Between\" but the show ended after one season. Sawa will appear as Lester Clark Jr. in \"\". He is married to Dawni Sahanovitch and they welcomed their first child, a son, in January 2014. In March 2016, th... | [
"vancouver"
] |
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