Split (1)

test · 3.61k rows

interaction_id stringlengths 6 9	query stringlengths 26 101	query_time stringclasses 1 value	answer listlengths 1 23	alt_ans listlengths 0 0	domain stringclasses 1 value	question_type stringclasses 1 value	static_or_dynamic stringclasses 1 value	search_results listlengths 0 0	retrieved_chunks listlengths 50 50
test_3200	when did world war one begin and end?	n/a	[ "28 July 1914", "11 November 1918" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4989597", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nWorld War I World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as \"\"the war to end all wars\"\", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later genocides and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4991937", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nthe pocketwatch, which requires a free hand to operate. Military funding of advancements in radio contributed to the postwar popularity of the medium. World War I World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as \"\"the war to end all wars\"\", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14094924", "chunk_text": "\"Causes of World War I\"\nCauses of World War I The causes of World War I remain controversial. World War I began in the Balkans in late July 1914 and ended in November 1918, leaving 17 million dead and 20 million wounded. Scholars looking at the long-term seek to explain why two rival sets of powers – Germany and Austria-Hungary on the one hand, and Russia, France, and Great Britain on the other – had come into conflict by 1914. They look at such factors as political, territorial and economic conflicts, militarism, a complex web of alliances and alignments, imperialism, the growth of nationalism, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "429852", "chunk_text": "\"Modern history\"\nMagdhaba]]), 1917.12 (British troops take Jerusalem from the Ottoman Empire), and 1918.11.11 (World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies).Allies and Central Powers in the First World War Allied powers and areas Central powers and colonies or occupied territory Neutral countries]] [[File:General gouraud french army world war i machinegun marne 1918.JPEG\|thumb\|French Army, 1918]] The First World War began in 1914 and lasted to the final [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)\|Armistice]] in 1918. The [[Allies of World War I\|Allied Powers]], led by the [[Britain in World War I\|British Empire]], [[French Third Republic\|France]], Russia until March 1918, Japan and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747988", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nby President Warren G. Harding. For the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the state of war ceased under the provisions of the \"\"Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act 1918\"\" with respect to: After the Treaty of Versailles, treaties with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire were signed. However, the negotiation of the treaty with the Ottoman Empire was followed by strife, and a final peace treaty between the Allied Powers and the country that would shortly become the Republic of Turkey was not signed until 24 July 1923, at Lausanne. Some war memorials date the end of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747870", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nmilitary no longer willing to fight, Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on 9 November and Germany also signed an armistice on 11 November 1918. World War I was a significant turning point in the political, cultural, economic, and social climate of the world. As a result of the war, the Russian Empire, the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist. Revolutions and uprisings in the aftermath of the war became widespread, being mainly socialist or anti-colonial in nature. The Big Four (Britain, France, the United States and Italy) imposed their terms in a series of treaties agreed at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7772044", "chunk_text": "1910s\nWorld War I broke out in Europe on August 1, 1914. The conflict dragged on until a truce was declared on November 11, 1918, leading to the controversial, one-sided Treaty of Versailles, which was signed on June 28, 1919. The war's end triggered the abdication of various monarchies and the collapse of five of the last modern empires of Russia, Germany, China, Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary, with the latter splintered into Austria, Hungary, southern Poland (who acquired most of their land in a war with Soviet Russia), Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, as well as the unification of Romania with Transylvania and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14095039", "chunk_text": "\"Causes of World War I\"\nadds, \"\"There was 'a far-reaching consensus about the special responsibility of the German Reich' in the writings of leading historians, though they differed in how they weighted Germany's role. Causes of World War I The causes of World War I remain controversial. World War I began in the Balkans in late July 1914 and ended in November 1918, leaving 17 million dead and 20 million wounded. Scholars looking at the long-term seek to explain why two rival sets of powers – Germany and Austria-Hungary on the one hand, and Russia, France, and Great Britain on the other – had come", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4122140", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nthe war as being when the Versailles Treaty was signed in 1919, which was when many of the troops serving abroad finally returned home; by contrast, most commemorations of the war's end concentrate on the armistice of 11 November 1918. Legally, the formal peace treaties were not complete until the last, the Treaty of Lausanne, was signed. Under its terms, the Allied forces left Constantinople on 23 August 1923. After the war, the Paris Peace Conference imposed a series of peace treaties on the Central Powers officially ending the war. The 1919 Treaty of Versailles dealt with Germany and, building", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1112203", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Versailles\"\nTreaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles () was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747868", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nIn 1915, Italy joined the Allied Powers and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers. After the sinking of seven US merchant ships by German submarines, and the revelation that the Germans were trying to incite Mexico to make war on the United States, the US declared war on Germany on 6 April 1917. The 1917 February Revolution in Russia replaced the Tsarist autocracy with the Provisional Government, but continuing discontent at the cost of the war led to the October Revolution, the creation of the Soviet Socialist Republic, and the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by the new government, ending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20100602", "chunk_text": "\"Aftermath of World War I\"\nfor the first time in history, as in Germany (German federal election, 1919), Great Britain (United Kingdom general election, 1918), and Turkey (Turkish general election, 1923). Through the period from the armistice on 11 November 1918 until the signing of the peace treaty with Germany on 28 June 1919, the Allies maintained the naval blockade of Germany that had begun during the war. As Germany was dependent on imports, it is estimated that 523,000 civilians had lost their lives. N. P. Howard, of the University of Sheffield, claims that a further quarter of a million more died from disease or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4989598", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\n1918 influenza pandemic, which caused between 50 and 100 million deaths worldwide. Military losses were exacerbated by new technological and industrial developments and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political changes, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923, in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of World War II about twenty years later. On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7855663", "chunk_text": "\"Western Front (World War I)\"\nWestern Front (World War I) The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War. Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, the German Army opened the Western Front by invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The tide of the advance was dramatically turned with the Battle of the Marne. Following the Race to the Sea, both sides dug in along a meandering line of fortified trenches, stretching from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier with France, which changed little except during early 1917 and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4989607", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nHaeckel, who claimed that \"\"there is no doubt that the course and character of the feared 'European War' ... will become the first world war in the full sense of the word,\"\" citing a wire service report in \"\"The Indianapolis Star\"\" on 20 September 1914. Prior to World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. Contemporary Europeans also referred to it as \"\"the war to end war\"\" or \"\"the war to end all wars\"\" due to their perception of its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. After World War II began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747987", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\na result of the war: the Romanovs, the Hohenzollerns, the Habsburgs, and the Ottomans. Belgium and Serbia were badly damaged, as was France, with 1.4 million soldiers dead, not counting other casualties. Germany and Russia were similarly affected. A formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another seven months, until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles with Germany on 28 June 1919. The United States Senate did not ratify the treaty despite public support for it, and did not formally end its involvement in the war until the Knox–Porter Resolution was signed on 2 July 1921", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5116908", "chunk_text": "\"Remembrance Day\"\nended \"\"at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month\"\", in accordance with the armistice signed by representatives of Germany and the Entente between 5:12 and 5:20 that morning. (\"\"At the 11th hour\"\" refers to the \"\"passing\"\" of the 11th hour, or 11:00 am.) The First World War officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919. The tradition of Remembrance Day evolved out of Armistice Day. The initial Armistice Day was observed at Buckingham Palace, commencing with King George V hosting a \"\"Banquet in Honour of the President of the French", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747998", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nBritain declared war in 1914, the dominions were automatically at war; at the conclusion, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa were individual signatories of the Treaty of Versailles. Lobbying by Chaim Weizmann and fear that American Jews would encourage the United States to support Germany culminated in the British government's Balfour Declaration of 1917, endorsing creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. A total of more than 1,172,000 Jewish soldiers served in the Allied and Central Power forces in World War I, including 275,000 in Austria-Hungary and 450,000 in Tsarist Russia. The establishment of the modern state of Israel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9569186", "chunk_text": "Armistice\nthe Allies of World War I and the German Empire at Compiègne, France, for the cessation of hostilities on the Western Front of World War I, which took effect at eleven o'clock in the morning—the \"\"eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month\"\" of 1918. Most countries changed the name of the holiday after World War II, to honor veterans of that and subsequent conflicts. Most member states of the Commonwealth of Nations adopted the name Remembrance Day, while the United States chose Veterans Day. Armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5974086", "chunk_text": "\"20th-century events\"\nworld affairs. On 17 December 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the first ever flight using an airplane, launching an aviation race in Europe and the USA which led to rapid advancement in flying technology in the next few decades. From 1914 to 1918, the First World War, and its aftermath, caused major changes in the power balance of the world, destroying or transforming some of the most powerful empires. The First World War (or simply WWI), termed \"\"The Great War\"\" by contemporaries, started in 1914 and ended in 1918. It was ignited by the Assassination in Sarajevo of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747871", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\n1919 Paris Peace Conference. The formation of the League of Nations was intended to prevent another world war, but for various reasons failed to do so. The rise of the Nazi Party and their central role in World War II led to a focus on how the Treaty of Versailles affected Germany, but the peace treaties in addition to various secret agreements during the war also transformed borders throughout Europe, Asia and the Middle East, with repercussions that still echo to this day. The term \"\"First World War\"\" was first used in September 1914 by German biologist and philosopher Ernst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9357316", "chunk_text": "\"Armistice of 11 November 1918\"\nArmistice of 11 November 1918 The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their opponent, Germany. Previous armistices had been agreed with Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Also known as the Armistice of Compiègne from the place where it was signed at 5:45 a.m. by the French Marshal Foch, it came into force at 11:11 a.m. Paris time on 11 November 1918 (\"\"the eleventh minute of the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month\"\") and marked a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4319300", "chunk_text": "\"World War I centenary\"\nput all these paper records online for the centenary. World War I centenary The First World War Centenary is the centenary of the First World War, which started on 28 July 2014 with commemorations of the outbreak of the war and ended on 11 November 2018. In Australia, the occasion is known as the Anzac Centenary. Committees planning the event included the National Commission on the Commemoration of the Anzac Centenary and the Anzac Centenary Advisory Board. The government had budgeted $83.5M for a seven-year programme which will include commemorative events in Australia and overseas; educational activities and resources; and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8955590", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of Canada during World War I\"\nMilitary history of Canada during World War I The military history of Canada during World War I began on August 4, 1914, when the United Kingdom entered the First World War (1914–1918) by declaring war on Germany. The British declaration of war automatically brought Canada into the war, because of Canada's legal status as a British dominion which left foreign policy decisions in the hands of the British parliament. However, the Canadian government had the freedom to determine the country's level of involvement in the war. On August 4, 1914, the Governor General declared a war between Canada and Germany.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8831810", "chunk_text": "\"Treaty of Versailles\"\n[that] came in 1943\"\" leading to the development of the V-2 rocket. Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles () was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17677835", "chunk_text": "\"The war to end war\"\nThe war to end war \"\"The war to end war\"\" (also called \"\"The war to end all wars\"\") was a term for the First World War of 1914–1918. Originally idealistic, it is now used mainly sardonically. During August 1914, immediately after the outbreak of the war, British author and social commentator H. G. Wells published a number of articles in London newspapers that subsequently appeared as a book entitled \"\"The War That Will End War\"\". Wells blamed the Central Powers for the coming of the war and argued that only the defeat of German militarism could bring about an end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20100606", "chunk_text": "\"Aftermath of World War I\"\nin place, with some estimates that a further 100,000 casualties among German civilians due to starvation were caused, on top of the hundreds of thousands which already had occurred. Food shipments, furthermore, had been entirely dependent on Allied goodwill, causing at least in part the post-hostilities irregularity. After the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919, between Germany on the one side and France, Italy, Britain and other minor allied powers on the other, officially ended war between those countries. Other treaties ended the relationships of the United States and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4989602", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nunder this, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August. On 12 August, Britain and France also declared war on Austria-Hungary; on the 23rd, Japan sided with the Entente, seizing the opportunity to expand its sphere of influence by capturing German possessions in China and the Pacific. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the Allied Powers, while the grouping of Austria-Hungary and Germany would become known as the Central Powers. The German advance into France was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4319279", "chunk_text": "\"World War I centenary\"\nWorld War I centenary The First World War Centenary is the centenary of the First World War, which started on 28 July 2014 with commemorations of the outbreak of the war and ended on 11 November 2018. In Australia, the occasion is known as the Anzac Centenary. Committees planning the event included the National Commission on the Commemoration of the Anzac Centenary and the Anzac Centenary Advisory Board. The government had budgeted $83.5M for a seven-year programme which will include commemorative events in Australia and overseas; educational activities and resources; and refurbishments of galleries and war graves. The Brisbane City", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9357339", "chunk_text": "\"Armistice of 11 November 1918\"\nwas created by reviews in the German press that grossly misrepresented British Major-General Frederick Maurice's book, \"\"The Last Four Months\"\". \"\"Ludendorff made use of the reviews to convince Hindenburg.\"\" Informational notes Citations Bibliography Further reading Armistice of 11 November 1918 The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their opponent, Germany. Previous armistices had been agreed with Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Also known as the Armistice of Compiègne from the place where it was signed at 5:45 a.m. by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678391", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\njust as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"\"a war to end all wars\"\" that would \"\"make the world safe for democracy\"\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. After the war began in 1914, the United States proclaimed a policy of neutrality despite president Woodrow Wilson's antipathies against Germany. Early in the war, the United States started to favor the British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747869", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nRussia's involvement in the war. This allowed the transfer of large numbers of German troops from the East to the Western Front, resulting in the German March 1918 Offensive. The offensive was initially successful, but the Allied Powers rallied and drove the Germans back in the Hundred Days Offensive. Bulgaria was the first Central Power to sign an armistice—the Armistice of Salonica on 29 September 1918. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated, signing the Armistice of Mudros. On 4 November, the Austro-Hungarian empire agreed to the Armistice of Villa Giusti. With its allies defeated, revolution at home, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747981", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nand French. Wilson demanded a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary control over the German military. There was no resistance when the Social Democrat Philipp Scheidemann on 9 November declared Germany to be a republic. The Kaiser, kings and other hereditary rulers all were removed from power and Wilhelm fled to exile in the Netherlands. Imperial Germany was dead; a new Germany had been born as the Weimar Republic. The collapse of the Central Powers came swiftly. Bulgaria was the first to sign an armistice, the Armistice of Salonica on 29 September 1918. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated, signing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1678385", "chunk_text": "\"United States in World War I\"\nUnited States in World War I The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, more than two and a half years after World War I started. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to Great Britain and the other Allied powers. The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived at the rate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9257087", "chunk_text": "\"World war\"\nWorld war A world war is a large-scale war which affects the whole world directly or indirectly. World wars span multiple countries on multiple continents or just two countries, with battles fought in many theaters. While a variety of global conflicts have been subjectively deemed \"\"world wars\"\", such as the Cold War and the War on Terror, the term is widely and usually accepted only as it is retrospectively applied to two major international conflicts that occurred during the 20th century: World War I (1914–18) and World War II (1939–45). The \"\"Oxford English Dictionary\"\" cited the first known usage in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747951", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\ncity. Because Russia's European ports were not safe, the corps was evacuated by a long detour via the port of Vladivostok. The last transport was the American ship Heffron in September 1920. On 12 December 1916, after ten brutal months of the Battle of Verdun and a successful offensive against Romania, Germany attempted to negotiate a peace with the Allies. However, this attempt was rejected out of hand as a \"\"duplicitous war ruse\"\". Soon after, the US President, Woodrow Wilson, attempted to intervene as a peacemaker, asking in a note for both sides to state their demands. Lloyd George's War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8998065", "chunk_text": "\"American entry into World War I\"\nend all wars\"\" that would \"\"make the world safe for democracy\"\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. Britain used its large navy to prevent cargo vessels entering German ports, mainly by intercepting them in the North Sea between the coasts of Scotland and Norway. The wider sea approaches to Britain and France, their distance from German harbours and the smaller size of the German surface fleet all made it harder for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3079070", "chunk_text": "\"Armistice Day\"\nArmistice Day Armistice Day is commemorated every year on 11 November to mark the armistice signed between the Allies of World War I and Germany at Compiègne, France at 5:45 am, for the cessation of hostilities on the Western Front of World War I, which took effect at eleven o'clock in the morning—the \"\"eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month\"\" of 1918. But, according to Thomas R. Gowenlock, an intelligence officer with the US First Division, shelling from both sides continued for the rest of the day, only ending at nightfall. The armistice initially expired after a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4122060", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nwere developed by Britain and France and were first used in combat by the British during the Battle of Flers–Courcelette (part of the Battle of the Somme) on 15 September 1916, with only partial success. However, their effectiveness would grow as the war progressed; the Allies built tanks in large numbers, whilst the Germans employed only a few of their own design, supplemented by captured Allied tanks. Neither side proved able to deliver a decisive blow for the next two years. Throughout 1915–17, the British Empire and France suffered more casualties than Germany, because of both the strategic and tactical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7552192", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United Kingdom during the First World War\"\nHistory of the United Kingdom during the First World War The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was one of the Allied Powers during the First World War of 1914–1918, fighting against the Central Powers (the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria). The state's armed forces were reorganised—the war marked the founding of the Royal Air Force, for example—and increased in size because of the introduction, in January 1916, of conscription for the first time in the country's history as well as the raising of what was, at the time, the largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14016649", "chunk_text": "\"World War I memorials\"\nand banned from public events. These losses also left large numbers of widows and orphans – 1.36 million in France alone – and affected most families in some way: in Australia, every second family had lost a relative. Even those left at home had suffered extensively from stress, anxiety and grief. The war had also led to political tensions, revolution and turmoil. In Russia, the conflict resulted in revolution and civil war between 1917 and 1923, and the rise to power of the Communist Bolshevik government. The German Empire had seen revolution break out at the end of the war,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18449149", "chunk_text": "\"Ireland and World War I\"\nIreland and World War I During World War I (1914–1918), Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which entered the war in August 1914 as one of the Entente Powers, along with France, and the Russian Empire. In part as an effect of chain ganging, the UK decided due to geopolitical power issues to declare war on the Central Powers, consisting of the German Empire, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Occurring during Ireland's revolutionary period, the Irish people's experience of the war was complex and its memory of it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14109616", "chunk_text": "\"Hundred Days Offensive\"\nHundred Days Offensive The Hundred Days Offensive (8 August to 11 November 1918) was an Allied offensive which ended the First World War. Beginning with the Battle of Amiens (8–12 August) on the Western Front, the Allies pushed Central Powers back after their gains from the Spring Offensive. The Germans eventually retreated to the Hindenburg Line, culminating in the Armistice of 11 November 1918. The term \"\"Hundred Days Offensive\"\" does not refer to a battle or strategy, but rather the rapid series of Allied victories against which the German armies had no reply. The Spring Offensive of the German Army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18422790", "chunk_text": "\"Eastern Front (World War I)\"\nFranz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip, which took place on June 28, 1914. Approximately a month later, on July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. This act led to a series of events that would quickly expand into the First World War; thus, the Habsburg government in Vienna initiated the pivotal decision that would begin the conflict. The causes of the Great War have generally been defined in diplomatic terms, but certain deep-seated issues in Austria-Hungary undoubtedly contributed to the beginnings of the First World War. The Austro-Hungarian situation in the Balkans pre-1914 is a primary factor in its involvement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5747983", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\nfor an armistice (Armistice of Villa Giusti). The terms, arranged by telegraph with the Allied Authorities in Paris, were communicated to the Austrian commander and accepted. The Armistice with Austria was signed in the Villa Giusti, near Padua, on 3 November. Austria and Hungary signed separate armistices following the overthrow of the Habsburg Monarchy. In the following days the Italian Army occupied Innsbruck and all Tyrol with 20 to 22,000 soldiers. On 11 November, at 5:00 am, an armistice with Germany was signed in a railroad carriage at Compiègne. At 11 am on 11 November 1918—\"\"the eleventh hour of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17210271", "chunk_text": "\"British entry into World War I\"\nBritish entry into World War I Great Britain entered World War I on 4 August 1914 when the king declared war after the expiration of an ultimatum to Germany. For much of the 19th century, Britain pursued a policy later known as splendid isolation, which sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe without formal alliances. As Europe divided into two power blocs during the 1890s, the 1895-1905 Conservative government realised this left Britain dangerously exposed. This resulted in the 1902 Anglo-Japanese Alliance, followed by King Edward VII's 1903 visit to Paris. By reducing anti-British feeling in France, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4122062", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\noffensive of July to November 1916. The opening day of the offensive (1 July 1916) was the bloodiest day in the history of the British Army, suffering 57,470 casualties, including 19,240 dead. The entire Somme offensive cost the British Army some 420,000 casualties. The French suffered another estimated 200,000 casualties and the Germans an estimated 500,000. Gun fire wasn't the only factor taking lives; the diseases that emerged in the trenches were a major killer on both sides. The living conditions made it so that countless diseases and infections occurred, such as trench foot, shell shock, blindness/burns from mustard gas,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4122023", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\ngrown up with the appellation of the Great War firmly applied to the 1914–18 First World War. But to anyone living before 1918, the title of the Great War was applied to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars in which Britain fought France almost continuously for twenty-two years from 1793 to 1815.\"\" In Germany, \"\"The Great War\"\" was historically used for the 1618–1648 Thirty Years' War, also known as the \"\"Great German War\"\" or \"\"Great Schism\"\". One of the longest and most destructive conflicts in human history, it resulted in eight million fatalities from military action, violence, famine and plague, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9407274", "chunk_text": "\"World War I\"\n2018. The lead body is the Imperial War Museum. On 3 August 2014, French President Francois Hollande and German President Joachim Gauck together marked the centenary of Germany's declaration of war on France by laying the first stone of a memorial in Vieil Armand, known in German as Hartmannswillerkopf, for French and German soldiers killed in the war. World War I had a lasting impact on social memory. It was seen by many in Britain as signalling the end of an era of stability stretching back to the Victorian period, and across Europe many regarded it as a watershed. Historian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6453796", "chunk_text": "\"Interwar period\"\nInterwar period In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939. Despite the relatively short period of time, this period represented an era of significant changes worldwide. Petroleum and associated mechanisation expanded dramatically leading to the Roaring Twenties (and the Golden Twenties), a period of economic prosperity and growth for the middle class in North America, Europe and many other parts of the world. Automobiles, electric lighting, radio broadcasts and more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3201	who is opening for little mix glory days tour?	n/a	[ "Sheppard", "Zoe Badwi", "Louisa Johnson", "Bronnie", "The Vamps", "Ella Eyre", "Conor Maynard" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19434184", "chunk_text": "\"The Glory Days Tour\"\nThe Glory Days Tour The Glory Days Tour was the fourth concert tour and the second world wide tour by British girl group Little Mix, in support of their fourth studio album, \"\"Glory Days\"\". The tour began on 21 May 2017 in Birkenhead, England, and after stops in Europe, Oceania, and the United Kingdom, it ended on 26 November 2017 in London, England. The Vamps, Conor Maynard, Bronnie, Alistair Griffin, Ella Eyre, Sheppard, and Louisa Johnson were the opening acts on selected European dates, and Zoe Badwi, Jade Thirlwall's cousin, supported the gigs in Australia. Lina Makhul was the supporting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19434188", "chunk_text": "\"The Glory Days Tour\"\nvenues and stadiums. The Vamps supported the European leg of the tour. Ella Eyre, Sheppard, Louisa Johnson all supported selected dates on the Summer Shout Out shows. Zoe Badwi, Jade Thirlwall's cousin, was the opening act for the shows in Australia and New Zealand. Lina Makhul, Jessarae, and Aleem all supported selected dates on the UK & Ireland leg of the tour, while Lloyd Macey supported at the Manchester Arena show on 21 November 2017 after winning a prize fight on The X Factor. The tour's set list varied throughout its concerts. The Glory Days Tour The Glory Days Tour", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14682495", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\nnumber four in the UK At the 2017 Brit Awards the group was nominated for three awards, winning Best British Single for \"\"Shout Out to My Ex\"\", which they also performed on the awards show. \"\"No More Sad Songs\"\" was released on 3 March 2017, as the third single from \"\"Glory Days\"\". From February to April 2017 Little Mix toured North America as one of the opening acts for Ariana Grande on her Dangerous Woman Tour. The group then embarked on their own headlining The Glory Days Tour which began on 24 May 2017 in Europe, with the first UK", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19434185", "chunk_text": "\"The Glory Days Tour\"\nact for the entirety of the UK & Ireland leg of The Glory Days Tour. As the winner of the third prize fight on \"\"The X Factor\"\", Lloyd Macey supported at the Manchester Arena show on 21 November 2017. Selected dates are part of the group's Summer Shout Out Tour across outdoor venues in the UK. They are not part of the UK leg of The Glory Days Tour. The tour grossed $42,000,000 after selling 810,810 tickets and became the 5th highest grossing tour by a girl group in history. The Glory Days Tour is Little Mix's 2nd entry on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2224786", "chunk_text": "\"The Glory Days Tour\"\nbeginning on 21 October 2016. Due to instant sell outs, extra dates were added in Newcastle, Belfast, Glasgow, Nottingham, Birmingham, and London. After overwhelming demand, the UK & Ireland leg was extended, and began on 9 October 2017 in Aberdeen, Scotland. European tour dates were announced on 21 November 2016, for May and June 2017, while dates in Oceania were added for July 2017 on 4 December 2016. On 13 January 2017 Little Mix announced an extension of the ‘Glory Days Tour’, entitled the Summer Shout Out. The shows ran from May to September 2017 throughout the UK in outdoor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5930454", "chunk_text": "\"The Glory Days Tour\"\nthe top 10 list of highest grossing girl group tours of all time; the first being their The Get Weird Tour ranked at number 8.. On 9 September 2016, Little Mix stated in an interview that they knew when their next tour would be, but fans would have to wait for further details. On 14 October 2016, Little Mix released the dates for the UK & Ireland leg of the tour, beginning on 27 October 2017 in Sheffield, Scotland. Ticket pre-sales were made available to fans who pre-ordered their new album and began on 19 October 2016 with general sale", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4715836", "chunk_text": "\"Secret Love Song\"\nhowever praise their vocal performances, and singled out Jade's as \"\"angelic\"\". Little Mix joined Derulo on his 2016 arena tour at The O Arena on 5 February 2016 to perform \"\"Secret Love Song\"\". On 12 February, Little Mix and Derulo performed the song on \"\"The Graham Norton Show\"\". The group performed regularly the second part as the solo version during The Get Weird Tour (2016), The Glory Days Tour (2017), by being the support act of Ariana Grande's Dangerous Woman Tour in the same year, and Summer Hits Tour (2018). Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. Secret Love Song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778567", "chunk_text": "\"Glory Days (Little Mix album)\"\nGlory Days Tour was announced on 14 October 2016, and began on 27 October 2017. The European leg — which took place in May and June 2017 — was announced in November 2016. A leg in Oceania took place in July 2017. \"\"The Guardian\"\" called the album \"\"chart pop perfection.\"\" In another positive review, \"\"Digital Spy\"\" wrote \"\"Little Mix have put together their most personal album yet, without sacrificing big hooks, a mainstream pop sensibility and plenty of sassy attitude.\"\" The article continued by saying \"\"\"\"Glory Days\"\" hears four young women come together with a very real bond, making their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778563", "chunk_text": "\"Glory Days (Little Mix album)\"\nperformed at the Jingle Bell Ball and also at The X Factor. Furthermore, Little Mix embarked on her fourth concert tour, The Glory Days Tour, starting on May and ending on November 2017. \"\"Shout Out to My Ex\"\" was released on 16 October 2016, as the album's lead single. The song was premiered on the day of release by a live performance on \"\"The X Factor\"\" results show before it was made available to download along with the pre-order of the album. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart. The song remained at number one for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778570", "chunk_text": "\"Glory Days (Little Mix album)\"\nalbum has been certified triple platinum in the UK for shipments of 900,000 units. Notes Adapted from AllMusic. Glory Days (Little Mix album) Glory Days is the fourth studio album by British girl group Little Mix. It was released on 18 November 2016, by Syco Music and Columbia Records. The album was preceded by the UK number-one single \"\"Shout Out to My Ex\"\", released a month before. The single later won the Best British Single award at the 2017 BRIT Awards. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and stayed there for four weeks; it later", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17039011", "chunk_text": "\"Glory Days (Little Mix album)\"\nGlory Days (Little Mix album) Glory Days is the fourth studio album by British girl group Little Mix. It was released on 18 November 2016, by Syco Music and Columbia Records. The album was preceded by the UK number-one single \"\"Shout Out to My Ex\"\", released a month before. The single later won the Best British Single award at the 2017 BRIT Awards. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and stayed there for four weeks; it later became their first album to yield more than two top ten singles when the fourth single, \"\"Power\"\", reached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1094749", "chunk_text": "\"Tell Me You Love Me World Tour\"\n8, Lovato announced that English record producer Jax Jones would join her in United Kingdom dates as the supporting act. On May 21, it was announced that Lovato would take the stage in Atlantic City, with Lauv as an opening act. On May 23, Lovato announced that Australian singer and record producer Joy would support the European leg. In an interview with \"\"Daily Mail\"\", Joy revealed that she was contacted \"\"out of the blue\"\" by Lovato to be her supporting act. On June 5, 2018, Becky G was announced as the opening act in Argentina and Brazil dates. About being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778564", "chunk_text": "\"Glory Days (Little Mix album)\"\nthree consecutive weeks before falling to number two in its fourth week. On 5 December 2016, the group announced \"\"Touch\"\" as the second single from the album. On 1 March 2017, the group announced they would release \"\"No More Sad Songs\"\" as the third single from the album, on 3 March 2017. The new mix of the song features American hip-hop artist Machine Gun Kelly. On 19 May, Little Mix announced through their official Twitter that \"\"Power\"\" would be released as the album's fourth official single on 26 May 2017. Two hours after the announcement of the single's release, they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454778", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\nNovember 2017 that they would be undertaking the Summer Hits Tour 2018, with tickets going on sale on 30 November. It began on 24 March 2018 in Chiba, Japan, by headlining the POPSPRING Festival 2018. This is the group's first stadium tour. In February 2018, Pinnock announced that the group were working on their fifth album, set for release in 2018, and that there would be a tour to accompany the album. On 14 June 2018, it was revealed that a song by Little Mix and American DJ trio Cheat Codes, \"\"Only You\"\", would be part of the compilation album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19608976", "chunk_text": "\"LM5 The Tour\"\nLM5 The Tour LM5 The Tour will be the sixth concert tour by British girl group Little Mix, in support of their fifth studio album, \"\"LM5\"\" (2018). The UK and Ireland tour was officially announced on 18 October 2018 through the band's social media. Pre-sale was available to fans who pre-ordered the album through the band's official site. General public tickets went on sale on 26 October 2018 and pre-sale began on 24 October 2018. On 26 October 2018 extra dates were added in Newcastle, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, London, Dublin, and Belfast. The group also said that they would add", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15458448", "chunk_text": "\"Witness: The Tour\"\nBoys & Girls Clubs of America, and fans will also have a chance to win free tickets by doing volunteer work for that organization via Global Citizen. The tour was originally scheduled to begin in Columbus on September 7, 2017. However, Perry revealed on August 17 that due to production delays, the tour had been rescheduled to begin on September 19, 2017. She also announced that Noah Cyrus, Purity Ring, and Carly Rae Jepsen would respectively serve as opening acts from September 19 to November 1, November 7 to December 20, and January 5, 2018 to February 5, 2018. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3794157", "chunk_text": "\"Touch (Little Mix song)\"\nTouch (Little Mix song) \"\"Touch\"\" is a song by British girl group Little Mix. It was released as the second single from their studio album \"\"Glory Days\"\". \"\"Touch\"\" reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A remixed version, featuring newly-recorded vocals from American rapper Kid Ink, was released on 28 February 2017. The remix of the song is included on \"\"\"\". The song was nominated for British Single of the Year and Best British Video of the Year at the 2018 Brit Awards. Preceding the release of \"\"Glory Days\"\", \"\"Touch\"\" was released as the fourth promotional single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11799427", "chunk_text": "\"Stadium of Light\"\nsuch as Little Mix and Jessie J. After the 2016 concert by Beyoncé as part of her Formation World Tour there was a three year hiatus for concerts at the Stadium of Light after Sunderland City Council withdrew their financial support. Following the takeover of the club in 2018, new Executive director Charlie Methven confirmed that concerts would return in the summer of 2019. On 5 November 2018, the Spice Girls announced their 2019 Spice World Tour, with Jess Glynne as a support act. The UK leg of the tour included a concert at the Stadium of Light on 6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2480594", "chunk_text": "\"A Head Full of Dreams Tour\"\nserved the remainder of the leg as the main support with the exception of the Gothenburg and Cardiff shows, where Danish band Mew and English band Embrace served, respectively. The opener for the leg was Lyves, with the exception of the German shows, where native singer Femme Schmidt performed. For the 2017 North American leg, AlunaGeorge performed as the main support for the August dates with Ethiopian-English singer Izzy Bizu opening, while Tove Lo served as the main support for the September and October dates with Alina Baraz opening. English singer Dua Lipa, whom frontman Chris Martin has collaborated with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2321174", "chunk_text": "\"The Get Weird Tour\"\nby their 2017 The Glory Days Tour ranked as the 5th highest in history. Little Mix released \"\"Black Magic\"\" as the lead single of their third studio album \"\"Get Weird\"\" in May 2015. On 17 July 2015, the group announced an extensive arena tour to commence in March 2016 in the United Kingdom and Ireland. 21 extra shows in the United Kingdom and Ireland were added due to high demand. In October 2015, the group announced dates in Oceania, making this the first time the group would headline a world tour. In December 2015, Asian dates were announced. In February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19608978", "chunk_text": "\"LM5 The Tour\"\nthe first weekend of Rock in Rio Festival in Brazil. LM5 The Tour LM5 The Tour will be the sixth concert tour by British girl group Little Mix, in support of their fifth studio album, \"\"LM5\"\" (2018). The UK and Ireland tour was officially announced on 18 October 2018 through the band's social media. Pre-sale was available to fans who pre-ordered the album through the band's official site. General public tickets went on sale on 26 October 2018 and pre-sale began on 24 October 2018. On 26 October 2018 extra dates were added in Newcastle, Manchester, Birmingham, Glasgow, London, Dublin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454774", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\nalbum; they later confirmed that they would be releasing new music \"\"before Christmas\"\". In an interview at V Festival in Chelmsford, the group announced that the lead single from their fourth studio album would be released in October 2016. On 13 October 2016, Little Mix announced the song's title as \"\"Shout Out to My Ex\"\" and that their fourth studio album would be called \"\"Glory Days\"\". \"\"Shout Out to My Ex\"\" was released on 16 October 2016, following the first live performance of the song on \"\"The X Factor\"\". The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3794163", "chunk_text": "\"Touch (Little Mix song)\"\nwas part of Little Mix's setlist whilst supporting Ariana Grande on the North American leg of her Dangerous Woman Tour. \"\"Touch\"\" was a regular part of the setlist for the band's Glory Days Tour. Touch (Little Mix song) \"\"Touch\"\" is a song by British girl group Little Mix. It was released as the second single from their studio album \"\"Glory Days\"\". \"\"Touch\"\" reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A remixed version, featuring newly-recorded vocals from American rapper Kid Ink, was released on 28 February 2017. The remix of the song is included on \"\"\"\". The song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11304536", "chunk_text": "\"Lina Makhul\"\nand Twitter pages. In September 2017, Lina announced on her social media pages that she would be supporting British girl-group Little Mix on their upcoming UK & Ireland leg of The Glory Days Tour for all 37 arena dates from October–November 2017. Her first single \"\"This Ain't About You\"\" was released worldwide on the 29 April 2016. The track achieved a top 10 in the UK Music-Week's Club and Pop Charts. Her second single \"\"Dance Sucker\"\" rose even further to #4 in the UK Music Week's Official Club Chart, reflecting her growing international success. Single \"\"Dance Sucker\"\" was released as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18393103", "chunk_text": "\"Salute Tour\"\nSalute Tour The Salute Tour was the second concert tour by British girl group Little Mix, in support of their second studio album, \"\"Salute\"\". The tour marks the first time the band will headline arenas on select dates. The tour began on the 16th of May, 2014, in Birmingham, England, and concluded on the 27th of July, 2014 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England. In April 2014, it was announced that the tour would expand to include a North American leg, starting in Boca Raton, Florida and concluding in Toronto, Canada. However, in July 2014, the North American leg of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12554184", "chunk_text": "\"Demi (album)\"\nopening acts included girl groups Fifth Harmony and Little Mix, as well as Cher Lloyd on select dates. The tour covered 41 shows in total across North and South America, as well as Canada and Mexico; beginning in Vancouver on February 9, and closing on May 17 in Monterrey. Not long after the closing of the Neon Lights Tour, Lovato announced her first world tour, entitled the Demi World Tour. The tour would bring new opening acts, Christina Perri and MKTO, as well as playing shows in bigger venues, such as the Staples Centre. It would mark the first time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10559432", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour\"\nspeculated as the opening act because her Never Be the Same Tour dates didn't coincide with Swift's tour dates; Portland's Live 95.5 also announced her in a sweepstake for the concert of June 22, 2018 at the Wembley Stadium in London through a since-deleted post on Twitter, a day before Swift confirmed her as the opening act. On May 8, 2018, Swift announced two shows in Tokyo, with Charli XCX as the opening act. In September 2018, Broods was announced as an opening act for the Oceania leg of the tour. The tour has received rave reviews, being commonly labeled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454772", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\nof X Factor. On 5 December the group announced on Twitter that \"\"Secret Love Song\"\" featuring the American R&B singer Jason Derulo would be released as the albums third single. The single reached number six on the UK Singles Chart. On 24 February 2016 the group performed \"\"Black Magic\"\" at the 2016 Brit Awards, where they were nominated for Best British Single and British Artist Video. On 13 March 2016 Little Mix embarked on The Get Weird Tour to promote the album, the arena tour consist of 60 dates across Europe, Australia and Asia. The Get Weird tour holds the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2857430", "chunk_text": "\"The Neon Lights Tour\"\nOn September 27, 2013, a video was published on Lovato's Facebook page with the words \"\"Neon Lights\"\" formed out of neon lights and at the end, it said: \"\"Sunday 6PM EDT\"\". On the following Sunday, the Neon Lights Tour was announced along with the dates. The tour is named after the third single from the album \"\"Demi\"\", \"\"Neon Lights\"\". Fifth Harmony, Little Mix, Cher Lloyd, and Magician Collins Key were featured as opening acts. Tickets became available on October 5, 2013. During the season finale of \"\"The X Factor\"\" 2013, Lovato announced her plans to leave the show, instead endeavoring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13182419", "chunk_text": "\"Jeunesse Arena\"\nto be postponed to the following night after a security barrier collapsed during the opening song. The entire audience was allowed to attend the following night's show, although those who couldn't attend were given a refund. On June 29, 2017, Ariana Grande brought her Dangerous Woman Tour to the arena, had a very euphoric audience. Others artists who have performed there included Paul McCartney, Amy Winehouse, Sade, Diana Ross, Bruno Mars, Joe Cocker, Jennifer Lopez, Maroon 5, Michael Bublé, Selena Gomez, Keane, Florence and the Machine, Robert Plant, Laura Pausini, Andrea Bocelli, Beyoncé, Ed Sheeran, Bob Dylan, Rod Stewart, Ozzy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3113754", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix discography\"\n1,200,000 equivalent-units moved in the country. In March 2017, \"\"No More Sad Songs\"\" was released as the album's third official single. It peaked at number fifteen on the UK Singles Chart and has been certified platinum in the UK for moving 600,000 units in the country. The group released the fourth single, \"\"Power\"\" featuring Stormzy, on 26 May 2017, which has peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart, making it their third top ten single from \"\"Glory Days\"\", and has been certified platinum in the country. Other Music Videos Little Mix discography British girl group Little Mix has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14682494", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\n15 years, since Destiny's Child's \"\"Survivor\"\" in 2001. \"\"Glory Days\"\" has spent five weeks at number one on the UK album chart as of 13 January 2017, making it the longest reigning girl group number one since Spice Girls' debut 20 years ago, surpassing Destiny's Child's \"\"Survivor\"\". The album has reached number-one in Ireland, and debuted at number-two in Australia, and in the top 10 in the Netherlands, New Zealand and Spain. Little Mix announced on 5 December 2016 that \"\"Touch\"\" would be released as the second single from \"\"Glory Days\"\". It was released on 18 December 2016, and reached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454773", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\nrecord for being the highest selling UK arena tour of 2016 with over 300,000 tickets sold in the UK alone. On 11 April 2016, the group announced that \"\"Hair\"\" would serve as the fourth single from \"\"Get Weird\"\", and would feature newly recorded guest vocals from reggae pop recording artist Sean Paul. The single was released on 15 April 2016 and reached number 11 on the UK chart while peaking at number 10 in Australia making it their fourth top 10 single there. On 21 June 2016 it was revealed that the group had begun work on their fourth studio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454750", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\nlater decision recalled two members from each group to form the four-piece group Rhythmix, sending them through to the \"\"judges' houses\"\" section. They reached the live shows section and were mentored by Tulisa Contostavlos. During the first live show on 8 October 2011, Rhythmix performed Super Bass by American recording artist Nicki Minaj. Their rendition was praised by the judges with Gary Barlow calling them the \"\"best girl band that's ever been on \"\"The X Factor\"\".\"\" On 26 October 2011, the band announced that they would change their name following a dispute with Rhythmix, a Brighton-based children's music charity of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3794171", "chunk_text": "\"Power (Little Mix song)\"\nPower (Little Mix song) \"\"Power\"\" is a song by British girl group Little Mix, from their fourth studio album \"\"Glory Days\"\" (2016). The official remix of the song was released as the fourth single on 26 May 2017, with additional vocals from British grime artist Stormzy. Lyrically, the song is about female empowerment and how women can be just as strong as men. The song has reached number six on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the group's eleventh top 10 single in the UK, and the third from \"\"Glory Days\"\". The remix of the song is included on their reissue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2944469", "chunk_text": "\"Power (Little Mix song)\"\nPower (Little Mix song) \"\"Power\"\" is a song by British girl group Little Mix, from their fourth studio album \"\"Glory Days\"\" (2016). The official remix of the song was released as the fourth single on 26 May 2017, with additional vocals from British grime artist Stormzy. Lyrically, the song is about female empowerment and how women can be just as strong as men. The song has reached number six on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the group's eleventh top 10 single in the UK, and the third from \"\"Glory Days\"\". The remix of the song is included on their reissue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778566", "chunk_text": "\"Glory Days (Little Mix album)\"\n15 November 2016 as the fourth single of the album, before being released as the second official single of the album. \"\"Nobody Like You\"\" was released on 16 November 2016 as the fifth promotional single of the album. The sixth and final promotional single, \"\"Down & Dirty\"\", was released on 17 November 2016. Promotion campaigns were arranged for fans in the UK, Australia, the US, France, Netherlands, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Belgium, Germany, Norway, Finland and Singapore, called the Glory Days Road Trip. The group embarked on The Glory Days Tour in support of the album. The UK leg of The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18778569", "chunk_text": "\"Glory Days (Little Mix album)\"\none in Ireland, and debuted at number two in Australia, and in the top 10 in the Netherlands, New Zealand and Spain. \"\"Glory Days\"\" spent a total of five non-consecutive weeks at number one in the UK Albums Chart, the longest run at the top by a girl group album since the Spice Girls spent 15 weeks at number one with \"\"Spice\"\" in 1996, and in March 2018 the album spent a 69th week in the top 40 of the UK Albums Chart, making it the longest-running girl group album in the top 40 ever. As of January 2018 the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5835954", "chunk_text": "\"Wings (Little Mix song)\"\npink leotards. On 4 June 2017, the group performed the song in monochrome outfits at One Love Manchester, a benefit concert for victims of the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing that was broadcast live on BBC One. In a speech ahead of the performance, Thirlwall said they wrote the track \"\"in the hopes that it would empower people to stand together and to not let anything bring them down\"\". For 2017's The Glory Days Tour, the group performed the song wearing showgirl outfits with feather boas; during the song, golden butterflies were fired into the audience. The track was also performed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14682493", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\nbecoming their fourth chart topping single there. It sold 67,000 downloads in its opening week, becoming the biggest opening week download sales for a song in 2016 in the UK. \"\"Glory Days\"\" was released on 18 November 2016, and debuted at number one on the UK album chart, becoming the group's first UK number one album. The album sold 96,000 copies in combined sales in the first week which is the highest first week sales for a UK girl group number one album since the Spice Girls in 1997 and the fastest-selling number one album by any girl group in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2480593", "chunk_text": "\"A Head Full of Dreams Tour\"\nand the show of 3 July in Stockholm, Sweden, British recording artists Foxes and Birdy served as main support respectively. Australian musician Jess Kent performed as the main support for the Oceanian leg and did so again for the Asian leg, starting with the show of 31 March 2017 in Singapore. Japanese rock band Radwimps opened the show of 19 April in Tokyo. For the 2017 European leg, English duo AlunaGeorge performed as the main support during the Munich, Lyon, Hanover, Brussels, and Dublin shows, while Swedish singer Tove Lo, whom Coldplay has collaborated with for a song called \"\"Fun\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1610771", "chunk_text": "\"Jingle Bell Ball\"\nto Night 1. On Tuesday 29 November Sigma were added to Night 2. Capital FM confirmed via Twitter that Marvin Humes would open night one. Videos of the weekend were put on Capital FM's YouTube channel. Little Mix and Ellie Goulding were the main headliners with Calvin Harris and Shawn Mendes being the support headliners. On 30 October 2017, during his Breakfast show, Roman Kemp confirmed that the Jingle Bell Ball will run on Saturday 9th & Sunday 10 December 2017. On Monday 6 November Roman Kemp and Vick Hope confirmed the lineup for night one and on Tuesday 7", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14682496", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\ndate being on 9 October in Scotland. \"\"Power\"\" was released on 26 May 2017, as the fourth single from \"\"Glory Days\"\". In August 2017, Little Mix and Latin American boy band CNCO collaborated on a remixed version of the latter group's song \"\"Reggaetón Lento (Bailemos)\"\". The song was included on the reissue of \"\"Glory Days\"\", which was released on 24 November 2017, and featured a revised track listing of four remixed songs and three new songs, as well as a bonus documentary. As of November 2017, \"\"Glory Days\"\" has sold over 1.6 million copies worldwide. The group announced on 27", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454767", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix\"\nBirmingham, England at the LG Arena and ended on 27 July 2014 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire at the Scarborough Open Air Theatre. Little Mix were expected to begin the North American leg of the tour in September 2014, but it was cancelled due to them wanting to work on their next album. At the 2015 Brit Awards, the group confirmed that their album was completed, describing it as having a \"\"whole new sound\"\" and projecting the release for sometime in 2015. Having written over 100 songs for their forthcoming album, In May 2015 Little Mix released the lead single \"\"Black", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9289224", "chunk_text": "\"Tell Me You Love Me (album)\"\non July 22, 2018, in Paso Robles. DJ Khaled and Kehlani were announced as opening acts on the first North American leg of the tour. Jax Jones and Joy were announced as opening acts on the European leg. Iggy Azalea and Lauv were set to perform as opening acts on the second North American leg of the tour, in which one of the shows was cancelled, leaving Azalea as the only opening act on the leg. Becky G and Jorge Blanco were announced as opening acts on the Latin America leg of the tour, which was later canceled due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2944470", "chunk_text": "\"Power (Little Mix song)\"\nof their fourth studio album, \"\"Glory Days\"\", \"\"\"\" (2017). \"\"Power\"\" was featured as one of the theme songs for WWE's Royal Rumble 2018 event. \"\"Outlet\"\" magazine noted the song's fast-paced house-style synthesizer and instrumental background, and the song's robotic voice. \"\"TimeOut\"\" magazine called the song \"\"brilliant\"\", despite being \"\"OTT\"\" (over the top). The song won \"\"Best Song\"\" at the 2018 Global Awards. The music video was released on 9 June 2017 and was directed by Hannah Lux Davis. It was filmed in Los Angeles in April 2017, and includes member Jade Thirlwall dancing with famous drag queens Courtney Act, Alaska", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11398968", "chunk_text": "\"Charli XCX\"\nXCX performed at Leeds Festival. The \"\"Number 1 Angel\"\" follow-up mixtape, \"\"Pop 2\"\", was released on 15 December 2017, featuring collaborations with Carly Rae Jepsen, Tove Lo, ALMA, Caroline Polachek, Brooke Candy, Cupcakke, Pabllo Vittar, Dorian Electra, Mykki Blanco, Tommy Cash, Kim Petras, Jay Park and MØ. On 15 March 2018, Charli XCX performed to promote her album \"\"Pop 2\"\" at El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles. From May 2018, Charli XCX started performing on Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour as an opening act. Since then, she released several singles. On 31 May, she released \"\"5 in the Morning,\"\" which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1324290", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Tour\"\nwith UK and Ireland dates being confirmed. Whilst discussing the development of the tour in July 2018, Minogue stated: In an interview on \"\"Good Morning Britain\"\", Minogue explained that the shows would be split into \"\"two halves\"\", with an interval and a narrative throughout. She continued to say the setlist was mostly concrete at that point, mentioning \"\"Raining Glitter\"\" and \"\"Lost Without You\"\" as definite performances. Minogue’s costumes for the tour were designed by Ralph & Russo, Kolchagov Barba, Paco Rabanne, Jitrois, Stevie Stewart and Wrangler. Shortly before the tour commenced in September 2018, Sonic Yootha were announced as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3113752", "chunk_text": "\"Little Mix discography\"\nthe third single \"\"Secret Love Song\"\" reached number six in the UK. \"\"Hair\"\" became the group's fourth top 10 single in Australia. In October 2016 Little Mix released the lead single \"\"Shout Out to My Ex\"\" from their fourth studio album \"\"Glory Days\"\". The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart becoming their fourth chart topping single there. It sold 95,000 copies in combined sales in its debut week with 67,000 being downloads, making it the biggest opening week download sales for a song in 2016. \"\"Glory Days\"\" was released on 18 November 2016 and debuted at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14233080", "chunk_text": "\"Tell Me You Love Me World Tour\"\nMarch 7. They were expected to take place in April and early May, but due to production issues, Lovato announced on April 10 that eight dates of the leg in Latin America were rescheduled, while the planned shows in Panama, Ecuador and Costa Rica were cancelled. Additional dates in Amsterdam, Belfast, Dublin and Newcastle were announced on March 13. Lovato added two festival appearances in England and Wales on April 4 and 5, 2018. On April 6, 2018, Lovato announced a show in Paso Robles, in which Australian rapper Iggy Azalea would join her as the opening act. On May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3202	when does the flash season 4 episode 3 air?	n/a	[ "October 24, 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160163", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nThe Flash (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series \"\"The Flash\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017, and ran for 23 episodes until May 22, 2018. The season follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"\"Arrow\"\". The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160180", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nfrom Earth-X. \"\"Arrow\"\" actor David Ramsey appears as John Diggle, as well as DeVoe's Diggle disguise earlier in the twenty-second episode. The season began airing on October 10, 2017, on The CW in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. The season concluded on May 22, 2018. Sky One acquired the rights to air the season in the UK & Ireland, airing it alongside the other Arrowverse shows. The season premiered October 17. In July 2017, cast from the series appeared at San Diego Comic-Con International to promote the season, where exclusive footage was shown. During the panel, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160186", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nDoviak gave the finale a B+, praising the light tone and character moments, while adding that \"\"None of this can make up for the long stretches of mediocrity this year, but at least it doesn’t leave me with a bad taste in my mouth.\"\" General references The Flash (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series \"\"The Flash\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017, and ran for 23 episodes until May 22, 2018. The season follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160178", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nblack market of metahuman supervillains. Filming for the season began on July 4, 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded on April 21, 2018. Kevin Smith returned to direct an episode in January 2018. In August 2017, series composer Blake Neely and Nathaniel Blume began to compose the music for the fourth season. In May 2017, The CW president Mark Pedowitz officially announced plans for a four-show Arrowverse crossover event, crossing over episodes of the television series \"\"Supergirl\"\", \"\"The Flash\"\", \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", and \"\"Arrow\"\". The crossover, \"\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\", began with \"\"Supergirl\"\" and a special airing of \"\"Arrow\"\" on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18102809", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 3)\"\nLegends of Tomorrow (season 3) The third season of the American television series \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", which is based on characters from DC Comics, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017 and ran for 18 episodes until April 9, 2018. The season follows the Legends, a dysfunctional team of time-traveling superheroes and anti-heroes, and their mission to correct anachronisms in time that they unintentionally caused. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"\"Arrow\"\" and \"\"The Flash\"\". The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2399564", "chunk_text": "\"Duet (The Flash)\"\nGustin and Benoist and that Gustin was able to \"\"reconnect with the character's endearing side.\"\" Von Doviak concluded, \"\"It's probably logistically untenable for them to ever be more than 'super friends,' but if this show ever needed the positive energy they generate together, now was certainly the time.\"\" Duet (The Flash) \"\"Duet\"\" is the seventeenth episode of the third season of The CW television series \"\"The Flash\"\", which aired on March 21, 2017. The episode was written by Aaron Helbing and Todd Helbing from a story by Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg, and was directed by Dermott Daniel Downs. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20963024", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 3)\"\n\"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" on November 28. The third season began airing on October 10, 2017 on The CW in the United States, and concluded on April 9, 2018. The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late April 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It was released on Blu-Ray on September 25, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 8.27/10 based on 13 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"\"\"DC's Legends of Tomorrow\"\" lightens up the tone in its third season while spotlighting adventurous plots and a distinct", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160182", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nlatest.\"\" Collider's Allison Keene also noted Iris \"\"getting an actual storyline\"\" with Barry gone, and similarly presumed that he \"\"[would] be back in the fold by the end of the first episode\"\" alike to Flashpoint in the third season. She added, \"\"There are some new foes, lots of action, plenty of tech — it's great!\"\" The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late May 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It will be released on Blu-ray on August 28, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 76% approval rating with an average rating of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160164", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nAndrew Kreisberg and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2017, and filming began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Keiynan Lonsdale, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons, and are joined by Neil Sandilands. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a fourth season on January 8, 2017, earlier than usual for the series. Executive producer Andrew Kreisberg said on this, \"\"The great thing about our dear friends at The CW and Mark Pedowitz picking the shows up as early as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160179", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nNovember 27, 2017, and concluded on \"\"The Flash\"\" and \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" on November 28. In August 2017, Berlanti noted that it would be \"\"a big life event for a few different people\"\" that would bring them all together for the crossover, adding \"\"There are many life events that happen.\"\" Prior to that, \"\"Arrow\"\" actress Emily Bett Rickards appears as Felicity Smoak in the fifth episode of the season. Following the crossover, Katie Cassidy (who has previously appeared on \"\"The Flash\"\" as both Laurel Lance and Black Siren) appears in the nineteenth episode as Siren-X, an alternate version of Laurel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10241029", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 4)\"\npm Monday time-slot to the 9:00 pm time-slot, to serve as the lead-out to \"\"Arrow\"\". The season began airing in the United States on The CW on October 22, 2018. The main cast of the season as well as Phil Klemmer attended San Diego Comic-Con on July 21, 2018, to promote the season. On October 15, 2018, Routh released a mock political ad on his Twitter page, voiced by Zano. The ad jokingly claimed that \"\"Arrow\"\", \"\"The Flash\"\", and \"\"Supergirl\"\" were trying to keep attention away from \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", followed by many headlines as well as real and fake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20789372", "chunk_text": "\"Supergirl (season 3)\"\nseason began on July 6, 2017 and ended on April 28, 2018, taking place in Vancouver. In May 2017, The CW president Mark Pedowitz officially announced plans for a four-show Arrowverse crossover event, crossing over episodes of the television series \"\"Supergirl\"\", \"\"The Flash\"\", \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", and \"\"Arrow\"\". The crossover, \"\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\", began with \"\"Supergirl\"\" and a special airing of \"\"Arrow\"\" on November 27, 2017, and concluded on \"\"The Flash\"\" and \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" on November 28. The crossover also sees Benoist, Brooks and Jordan playing the Earth-X versions of their characters. The season premiered on The CW in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20789367", "chunk_text": "\"Supergirl (season 3)\"\nto a series regular from her recurring status in the previous season, and and new cast member Odette Annable. The season premiered on The CW on October 9, 2017, and ran until June 18, 2018, over 23 episodes. The series was renewed for a fourth season on April 2, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed \"\"Supergirl\"\" for a third season. Series co-creator Allison Adler decided not to return as showrunner for season 3, and instead remained as a consultant. Jessica Queller and Robert Rovner served as the showrunners alongside series co-creator Andrew Kreisberg. Jessica Queller described the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "553659", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 4)\"\nLegends of Tomorrow (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", which is based on characters from DC Comics, premiered on The CW on October 22, 2018, and is set to consist of 16 episodes. The season follows the Legends, a dysfunctional team of time-traveling superheroes and anti-heroes, and their mission to recapture the magical fugitives that they accidentally released throughout time. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"\"Arrow\"\" and \"\"The Flash\"\". The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8855446", "chunk_text": "\"Nora (The Flash episode)\"\nNora (The Flash episode) \"\"Nora\"\" is the first episode of the fifth season, and 93rd episode overall of the CW series \"\"The Flash\"\". The episode was written by Todd Helbing & Sam Chalsen and directed by David McWhirter. It first aired on The CW on October 9, 2018. This episode marks the first appearance of Jessica Parker Kennedy as Nora West-Allen as a main character after making numerous cameos last season. Team Flash meet Nora, Barry and Iris' daughter from the future. While Iris expresses excitement, Barry is concerned that she could alter the timeline based on his own mistakes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2399552", "chunk_text": "\"Duet (The Flash)\"\nDuet (The Flash) \"\"Duet\"\" is the seventeenth episode of the third season of The CW television series \"\"The Flash\"\", which aired on March 21, 2017. The episode was written by Aaron Helbing and Todd Helbing from a story by Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg, and was directed by Dermott Daniel Downs. The episode features a musical crossover with \"\"Supergirl\"\" and reunites Grant Gustin and Melissa Benoist with their former \"\"Glee\"\" co-star Darren Criss, who portrays the Music Meister. Jesse L. Martin also reunites with Jeremy Jordan, with whom he previously worked in the 2012 musical film \"\"Joyful Noise\"\". The story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1869761", "chunk_text": "\"Flashpoint (TV series)\"\n6 episodes from Season 3 not yet shown on CBS, during the summer of 2011. Due to the cancellation of \"\"CHAOS\"\", the remaining episodes from Season 3 of \"\"Flashpoint\"\" were shown on CBS starting May 6, 2011. The remaining 11 episodes from season 4 began airing on ION Television in October of that year. Filming of season four took place between February 14 and September 15, 2011. On May 9, 2011, CTV announced that the fourth season would begin airing on June 17, 2011, to be simulcast by CBS. On June 1, 2011, Bell Media announced that the network ordered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10224706", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\nThe Flash (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series \"\"The Flash\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 9, 2018 and is set to consist of 22 episodes. The season follows Barry, a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities, as he deals with the consequences of his future daughter's time traveling. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"\"Arrow\"\". The season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7179374", "chunk_text": "\"Supergirl (season 4)\"\nthe next Arrowverse crossover would feature Batwoman and Gotham City. The crossover \"\"Elseworlds\"\" is slated to launch a 2019 solo series for the character. In May 2018, it was announced that \"\"Supergirl\"\", which had aired on Mondays since its debut, would move to Sundays for its fourth season due to The CW's programming expansion to Sunday nights. The season premiered on The CW in the United States on October 14, 2018. The annual crossover episode will swap time-slots with \"\"The Flash\"\" for that week and will air on Tuesday, December 11. The main cast of the season as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11280014", "chunk_text": "\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\ntrailers for the event were released throughout November, before the full trailer was released on November 20. All four episodes and the behind-the-scenes featurette \"\"Inside the Crossover: Crisis on Earth-X\"\", were released on Blu-ray and DVD in Region 1 along with the rest of \"\"Arrow\"\"s sixth season on August 14, 2018, with \"\"The Flash\"\"s fourth season on August 23, with \"\"Supergirl\"\"s third season on September 18, and with \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\"s third season on September 25. The four episodes were released together on a separate DVD on September 3, 2018 in Region 2, and September 5 in Region 4. Unlike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19576859", "chunk_text": "\"What's Past Is Prologue (The Flash)\"\n1990 television series in a pre-credits scene that ties-in with the Arrowverse crossover \"\"Elseworlds\"\". \"\"What's Past Is Prologue\"\" originally aired on The CW on December 4, 2018, and was watched by 1.78 million viewers according to Nielsen Media Research. The episode received a positive critical response. Barry Allen and Nora West-Allen time travel to gather items to stop Cicada; a highly magnetic alloy from Savitar's armor, dark matter, and Harry Wells' Speed Force transmitter to transfer dark matter into the armor piece. They first travel to Barry's final battle against Savitar. After a Time Wraith appears, Barry distracts it so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11996281", "chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 4)\"\nthird time they die [on \"\"Gotham\"\"]\"\" Filming for the season began on June 20, 2017, at Steiner Studios in Brooklyn, New York. In January 2018, it was announced that Ben McKenzie would direct an episode after making his directional debut the previous season. It was later revealed that he would be directing the 16th episode, titled \"\"One of My Three Soups\"\". Production on the season officially wrapped in late March 2018. The season was originally set to air on September 28, 2017, on Fox in the United States. However, on July 28, 2017, Fox decided to move up the premiere", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8155557", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lightning (TV series)\"\nLightning\"\". In February 2017, Fox passed on the series, with it being picked up by The CW with a new script for the pilot. The CW officially ordered the series in May 2017. The first season premiered on January 16, 2018, for a 13-episode run. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the show for a second season, which premiered on October 9, 2018. High school principal Jefferson Pierce, who retired from his superhero persona Black Lightning nine years ago after seeing the effects it had on his family, is forced to become a vigilante again when the rise of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5962826", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2014 TV series)\"\nin the history of The CW, after \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" in 2009. It has been well received by critics and audiences, and won the People's Choice Award for \"\"Favorite New TV Drama\"\" in 2014. The series, together with \"\"Arrow\"\", has spun characters out to their own show, \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", which premiered on January 21, 2016. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 9, 2018. In season one, after witnessing his mother's supernatural murder, Barry Allen is taken in by Detective Joe West and his family. Barry becomes a brilliant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10241028", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 4)\"\nhis reason being his desire to seek other acting opportunities. This is the first season not to feature Arthur Darvill, who starred as Rip Hunter in the first two seasons, and recurred in the third season. It is also the first not to feature Victor Garber and Franz Drameh, who starred as Martin Stein and Jefferson Jackson respectively, in the previous seasons. Production for the season began on July 5, 2018, in Vancouver, and is expected to conclude on January 24, 2019. On June 20, The CW released its fall schedule, revealing that the series would move from the 8:00", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10224715", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\nseason also introduces Barry's \"\"Flash ring\"\" from the comics. The new suit adopts brighter colors than previous suits – which had maroon overtones – and, unlike prior incarnations, does not have a chin strap. Production for the season began on July 6, 2018, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and is set to conclude on April 10, 2019. Kevin Smith will direct an episode of the season. Danielle Panabaker will make her directorial debut this season. Tom Cavanagh directed the eighth episode of the season, which served as the 100th episode of the series and led into the annual crossover. Due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704724", "chunk_text": "\"Things You Can't Outrun\"\nThings You Can't Outrun \"\"Things You Can't Outrun\"\" is the third episode of the CW series \"\"The Flash\"\". The episode was written by Alison Schapker and Grainne Godfree and directed by Jesse Warn. It was first broadcast on October 21, 2014 in The CW. The show is itself an spin-off of the show \"\"Arrow\"\", where many characters in the series were introduced during the second season. The episode revolves about Barry Allen (Grant Gustin), a CSI forensic scientist working for the Central City Police Department. The S.T.A.R. Labs team is currently investigating the rampage of a man who seems to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13272246", "chunk_text": "\"Light the Wick\"\nLight the Wick \"\"Light the Wick\"\" is the eighteenth episode of the third season, and 62nd episode overall from the Fox series \"\"Gotham\"\". The show is itself based on the characters created by DC Comics set in the Batman mythology. The episode was written by Tze Chun and directed by Mark Tonderai. It was first broadcast on May 15, 2017. In the episode, Gordon discovers more about the impending judgment planned for Gotham City by the Court of Owls. He learns they possess the Tetch virus and plan on unleashing a weaponized version of it over Gotham. Meanwhile, Lee finds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11996261", "chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 4)\"\nstars as Gordon, alongside Donal Logue, David Mazouz, Morena Baccarin, Sean Pertwee, Robin Lord Taylor, Erin Richards, Camren Bicondova, Cory Michael Smith, Jessica Lucas, Chris Chalk, Drew Powell, Crystal Reed and Alexander Siddig. The fourth season premiered on September 21, 2017, on Fox, while the second half premiered on March 1, 2018. The season concluded on May 17, 2018. The season received positive reviews from critics and audiences, who cited the character development, writing and action sequences as highlights of the season, with some calling it the best season yet. The premiere was watched by 3.21 million viewers with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19525468", "chunk_text": "\"Battles Lost and Won\"\nBattles Lost and Won \"\"Battles Lost and Won\"\" is the twenty-third episode of the third season, and 65th episode overall of the CW series \"\"Supergirl\"\". The episode was written by Robert Rovner & Jessica Queller and directed by Jesse Warn. It first aired on The CW on June 18, 2018. This marks the final regular appearances of Jeremy Jordan as Winslow \"\"Winn\"\" Schott, Jr., Chris Wood as Mon-El and Odette Annable as Samatha Arias/Reign. The episode received positive reviews from critics. As the earthquakes worsen, Supergirl, Alura, Guardian and the DEO protect National City; Imra and Brainiac 5 return to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2399562", "chunk_text": "\"Duet (The Flash)\"\nWaterTower Music containing the songs featured the episode. After beginning in the ending scene of the March 20, 2017 episode of \"\"Supergirl\"\", \"\"Duet\"\" aired in the United States on The CW on March 21, 2017. It was simulcast with the US broadcast in Canada on CTV Two. In early March 2017, a promotional poster for the episode was released, with it being marketed as \"\"Dynamic Duet\"\", a play on words of the phrase \"\"dynamic duo\"\". In Australia, where \"\"The Flash\"\" and \"\"Supergirl\"\" both air on Fox8, the crossover was marketed as a two-night event called \"\"DC Musical Crossover\"\". Jesse Schedeen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19576874", "chunk_text": "\"What's Past Is Prologue (The Flash)\"\n\"\"Supergirl\"\" co-showrunner Robert Rovner added that the tease was only supposed to air with \"\"The Flash\"\"s eight episode, before being added to the other two episodes to make things easier for viewers since they \"\"are coming to [the crossover] from our separate shows and we wanted something that [connects them together].\"\" \"\"What's Past is Prologue\"\" was first aired in the United States on The CW on December 4, 2018. It became available for streaming on Netflix in Canada on December 6, 2018, while it was first aired in the United Kingdom on Sky One on December 6, as well. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12672317", "chunk_text": "\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)\"\nnoted that the MCU film being released at that time is \"\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\"\", which would be difficult to tie-in with as it is not set on Earth, and takes place earlier in the MCU continuity than the season is set. The season began airing in the United States on ABC on September 20, 2016, and completed its 22-episode run on May 16, 2017. Unlike the previous two seasons, which were split into \"\"two little mini-seasons\"\" based on their airing schedule, this season was broken into three different sections by the schedule. This led to the season's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1869760", "chunk_text": "\"Flashpoint (TV series)\"\ngave CBS 22 original episodes to broadcast while CTV had 13. CBS completed broadcasting Season 2 on July 30, 2010. The third season premiered on July 16, 2010 on both CTV and CBS. After entering a hiatus in mid-September after the broadcast of seven episodes from Season 3, CTV resumed airing the remaining episodes on January 4, 2011. CTV ordered a fourth season of \"\"Flashpoint\"\" on June 3, 2010, before the third season began to air. On January 21, 2011, it was announced that CBS would air 7 of the 18 episodes from Season 4, as well as the remaining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160166", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nfrom all shows he worked on. In addition, Berlanti would take additional responsibilities working with Helbing to co-showrun the season. In March 2017, Kreisberg confirmed that the main villain for the fourth season would not be a speedster, like the previous three seasons. Executive producers Aaron and Todd Helbing also mentioned that there would be less time travel in the season, with Aaron saying, \"\"We like playing with the timelines and the different time periods and future and past. For now, I think we're going to focus on the present.\"\" In June 2017, Clifford DeVoe / Thinker was reported to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10873650", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nto bring Peek-a-Boo back to the pipeline, but she locks him in the cell instead. Cisco is then seen being woken up due to a call from Barry. He believes he dreamt the whole experience, until he finds the bullet that shot him on the ground. On November 14, 2017, a three-episode series of shorts, known as \"\"Stretched Scenes\"\", premiered. The series, presented by Microsoft Surface, features Hartley Sawyer, Danielle Panabaker, and Candice Patton as Ralph Dibny, Cailtin Snow, and Iris West respectively. Set during the show's fourth season, it shows Dibny as he continually bothers Cailtin and Iris for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18818425", "chunk_text": "\"Invasion! (Arrowverse)\"\na separate DVD on August 17, 2017 in Region 2 and September 20 in Region 4. The episodes are available for streaming on Netflix and The CW app in the United States. \"\"Invasion!\"\" gave the CW its most-watched week in six years. \"\"The Flash\"\" episode had a season-three-high viewership (the series' largest since December 9, 2014) and a season-three-high 18–49 rating, the highest since February 16, 2016. The episode improved 40 and 36 percent in viewership and the 18–49 rating, respectively, on the previous episode, \"\"Killer Frost\"\". It increased by five percent in total viewers and seven percent in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9310644", "chunk_text": "\"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (season 4)\"\nwith the season then airing for 22 episodes on ABC, from September 20, 2016 until May 16, 2017. The premiere debuted to 3.58 million viewers, down from previous season premieres but average for the series. Critical response to the season was positive, with many feeling that each pod was better than the last and in particular praising the visual effects and tone of \"\"Ghost Rider\"\", the writing and acting for \"\"LMD\"\", and the character development and political commentary explored during \"\"Agents of Hydra\"\". The season saw series low viewership, but was still considered to have solved ABC's problem during its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160176", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nin the season premiere. In July 2017, Neil Sandilands was announced to be cast as Clifford DeVoe, a metahuman genius who embarks on a seasonlong battle with the Flash in order to fix all that he deems wrong with humanity; while Kim Engelbrecht was announced as The Mechanic, DeVoe's right hand and a highly intelligent engineer who designs devices for him; and Danny Trejo as Breacher, a bounty hunter from Earth-19 and the father of Gypsy. Also in June, the series was looking to cast a role that \"\"should put the visual effects department to the test\"\", with the role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8883228", "chunk_text": "\"Gorilla City (The Flash)\"\ntheir performances. Due to a prolonged snowfall in Vancouver, filming of the \"\"Gorilla City\"\" scenes had to be moved south of the original site. Visual effects for both episodes were handled by Encore Post. According to post-production producer Jeff Garrett, episodes with Grodd cost 50 percent more than other Flash episodes. The first part, \"\"Attack on Gorilla City\"\", aired on February 21, 2017, and concluded with part two, \"\"Attack on Central City\"\", on February 28, both on The CW. The event was simulcast with the US broadcast in Canada on CTV for the first part, after which the series moved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11996282", "chunk_text": "\"Gotham (season 4)\"\nto September 21, 2017 in order to give its companion newcomer series \"\"The Orville\"\" a continuous run. The fourth season is moving to a Thursday timeslot, alongside \"\"The Orville\"\", after airing its past seasons on Mondays. In July 2017, the cast and crew attended San Diego Comic-Con to discuss and promote the season, showing a five-minute sizzle reel from season 3 as well as the debut trailer for the season. The second episode \"\"The Fear Reaper\"\" was screened on September 23, 2017, when Cannon, McKenzie, Taylor, Bicondova, Mazouz, Pertwee and Lucas promoted the series at the inaugural Tribeca TV Festival.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19477723", "chunk_text": "\"Killer Frost (The Flash episode)\"\nKiller Frost (The Flash episode) \"\"Killer Frost\"\" is the seventh episode of the third season of The CW television series \"\"The Flash\"\". The episode was written by Andrew Kreisberg and Brooke Roberts, with a story by Judalina Neira and directed by Kevin Smith. It was first broadcast on November 22, 2016 on The CW. The show is itself a spin-off of the show \"\"Arrow\"\", where many characters in the series were introduced during the second season. The episode revolves around Caitlin Snow (Danielle Panabaker) slowly losing control of her Killer Frost persona after using her powers to save Barry from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "537610", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\non July 21, 2018 to promote the season. Starting on September 14, 2018, several billboards advertising Ralph Dibny as a private investigator were seen around Vancouver, the city where the show is filmed. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating for the fifth season with an average rating of 7.96/10, based on 132 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"\"\"The Flash\"\"s fifth season maintains the show's high standard for compelling visuals, chilling villains, and well-scripted moments of humor, but also turns a more focused gaze on the role of family dynamics amongst the increasingly complex characters.\"\" Reviewing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12137320", "chunk_text": "\"Static Shock\"\non January 30, 2018; and the fourth on April 13, 2018. Starting in September 2018, all episodes of the series have been made available on the DC Universe digital streaming service. \"\"Static Shock\"\"s episodes handle a variety of issues, including gangs, gun violence, homelessness, bullying, racism, mental illness, bigotry, and drugs. Other episodes also featured the subject of Chanukah and Christmas celebrations. The series was also marked by several crossover episodes with characters from the DC animated universe like Superman, Green Lantern, the Justice League, and the \"\"Batman Beyond\"\" cast. Several episodes also featured guest voice actors, including basketballers (like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13801619", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (The Flash)\"\n\"\"90210\"\", and the third-highest rated in the 18–49 demographic. The CW re-aired the pilot the following day on Wednesday, October 8, 2014 after the season 3 premiere of \"\"Arrow\"\". The episode was watched by 2.11 million viewers and achieved a 0.7 adults 18–49 rating. Factoring live plus seven-day ratings, the pilot was watched by a total of 6.8 million viewers, becoming The CW's most-watched telecast and the highest-rated premiere among men 18–34 (2.5 rating). It broke the previous record for the most-watched telecast held by the cycle 8 finale of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" in 2007 (6.69 million). Additionally, across", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6999032", "chunk_text": "\"Things You Can't Outrun\"\nmost part so far.\"\" Things You Can't Outrun \"\"Things You Can't Outrun\"\" is the third episode of the CW series \"\"The Flash\"\". The episode was written by Alison Schapker and Grainne Godfree and directed by Jesse Warn. It was first broadcast on October 21, 2014 in The CW. The show is itself an spin-off of the show \"\"Arrow\"\", where many characters in the series were introduced during the second season. The episode revolves about Barry Allen (Grant Gustin), a CSI forensic scientist working for the Central City Police Department. The S.T.A.R. Labs team is currently investigating the rampage of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17118176", "chunk_text": "\"Supergirl (season 4)\"\nSupergirl (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series \"\"Supergirl\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Kara Zor-El / Supergirl, premiered on The CW on October 14, 2018. The season follows Kara, a reporter and superpowered alien who fights against those who threaten Earth, and the fallout of her use of mysticism and time traveling. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe. The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with Robert Rovner and Jessica Queller serving as showrunners. The season was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16417100", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\nMartin's back injury, the majority of his scenes were shot depicting Joe seated. In May 2018, \"\"Arrow\"\" star Stephen Amell announced at The CW upfronts that the next Arrowverse crossover would feature Batwoman and Gotham City. The crossover \"\"Elseworlds\"\" is slated to launch a 2019 solo series for the character. The season premiered on The CW in the United States on October 9, 2018. The annual crossover episode will swap time-slots with \"\"Supergirl\"\" for that week and will air on Sunday, December 9. The main cast of the season as well as executive producer Todd Helbing attended San Diego Comic-Con", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18102810", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 3)\"\nTelevision, and DC Entertainment, with Phil Klemmer serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2017. Production began that July and ended in February 2018. Principal cast members Victor Garber, Brandon Routh, Caity Lotz, Franz Drameh, Maisie Richardson-Sellers, Amy Pemberton, Nick Zano, and Dominic Purcell return from previous seasons. They are joined by new cast members Tala Ashe and \"\"The Flash\"\" alum Keiynan Lonsdale. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In January 2017, \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" was renewed by The CW for a third season. Showrunner Phil Klemmer said the season would be \"\"more in the world of the occult and monsters\"\", unlike the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5962865", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2014 TV series)\"\nCBS on March 28, 2016. Intersecting with the events of the eighteenth episode of \"\"The Flash\"\", which aired on April 19, 2016, Barry accidentally arrives on Earth-38 and helps Kara battle two of her enemies, Silver Banshee (Italia Ricci) and Livewire (Brit Morgan), before returning home. The Flash (2014 TV series) The Flash is an American superhero television series developed by Greg Berlanti, Andrew Kreisberg, and Geoff Johns, airing on The CW. It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds. It is a spin-off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3203	who did the steelers lose to in the playoffs last year?	n/a	[ "New England Patriots" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15381268", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nSteelers won the AFC North for the second time in three years and made the playoffs for the third straight year. The team also improved upon their 10–6 record from 2015. Le'Veon Bell made his career first playoff appearance with the Steelers in the 2016–17 playoffs. The Steelers went on to defeat the Miami Dolphins in the Wild Card round and the Kansas City Chiefs in the Divisional round before losing to the eventual Super Bowl champion New England Patriots 36–17 in the AFC Championship Game. This was the Steelers' first appearance in the AFC Championship Game since the 2010", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4550269", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nwin over the Houston Texans in Week 16. In the Divisional Round however, the Steelers suffered a loss to the Jacksonville Jaguars by a score of 45–42 after falling behind 28–14 at halftime. After their loss, the Steelers were criticized for looking past the Jaguars and anticipating a rematch with the New England Patriots. With a record of 13–3, the Steelers posted their best mark since 2004. Notes The Steelers' regular season schedule was announced on April 20. Note: Intra-division opponents are in bold text. The Steelers started their season on the road against the Browns. They scored first in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4550268", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 85th season as a professional sports franchise and as a member of the National Football League. It was the 18th season under leadership of general manager Kevin Colbert and the eleventh under head coach Mike Tomlin. It was also the Steelers' first season since the death of Dan Rooney. The Steelers clinched the AFC North division title for the second consecutive season with a 39–38 win over the Baltimore Ravens in Week 14, and secured a first-round playoff bye for the first time since 2010 following a 34–6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693521", "chunk_text": "\"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nplayoff, 24–23. In 1997, they met in Pittsburgh for the AFC Championship Game, where Denver squeaked out at 24–21 win. Eight years later, the Steelers went to the Super Bowl by beating Denver 34–17 in Colorado, only to have their campaign to repeat as AFC Champions dashed in Denver after a stunning overtime upset by the Tim Tebow lead Broncos in January 2012. The following September the Steelers were defeated in Denver 31–19 in Peyton Manning's debut as Broncos quarterback. The two clubs met twice in 2015, as the Steelers defeated the Broncos in the regular season but fell in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18512909", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nfinal score 26–9. The Steelers moved into sole possession of first place in the AFC North with the victory while the team improved to 3–1. The team would win their 6th straight game against a divisional opponent. The victory marked the first time that the Steelers defeated the Ravens in Baltimore since 2012. It would also be Roethlisberger's first win in Baltimore since 2010. Pittsburgh also scored the most points in Baltimore of any Steelers team since 2002. Seventeen points marked the largest margin of victory for the Steelers in Baltimore in series history, and the largest such margin against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494273", "chunk_text": "\"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nSuper Bowl, and he is only the second African-American coach to ever win the Super Bowl (Tony Dungy was the first). The 2010 season made Tomlin the only coach to reach the Super Bowl twice before the age of 40. Tomlin led the team to his second Super Bowl (Super Bowl XLV) on Feb. 6, 2011. However, the Steelers were defeated in their eighth Super Bowl appearance by the Green Bay Packers by the score of 31–25. The Steelers recorded their 400th victory in 2012 after defeating the Washington Redskins. Through the 2016 season, Tomlin's record is 111–63, including playoffs.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693525", "chunk_text": "\"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\ncontroversially called back. In the postseason, the Patriots have outscored the Steelers 135 points to 75, with the Patriots maintaining a 4–1 record. The only other franchises with winning AFC playoff records against Steelers include the Los Angeles Chargers (2–1), the Jacksonville Jaguars (2–0), and the Broncos (5–3). The Steelers have an all-time regular-season record of 15–12 against the Patriots. In their last matchup, the Steelers defeated the Patriots in Pittsburgh on December 16, 2018 by a score of 17–10. Less well known is Pittsburgh's rivalry with the Houston Oilers/Tennessee Titans franchise. The Oilers were aligned into the AFC Central", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18512936", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nIn the fourth quarter, the Texans finally got on the board when T. J. Yates found DeAndre Hopkins on a 3-yard pass (with a failed 2-point conversion) to make it 27–6. The Steelers were able to seal the game when Roethlisberger found JuJu Smith-Schuster on an 18-yard pass to make the final score 34–6. With the win, the Steelers improved to 12–3, marking the tenth 12-win season in franchise history. With the Jaguars' loss to the 49ers on Sunday, the team was able to clinch a first-round bye in the AFC playoffs. The team also finished the regular season at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17671488", "chunk_text": "\"Ravens–Steelers rivalry\"\nback-and-forth game 31–27, snapping a 4–game losing streak to the Ravens. With nine seconds remaining, Steelers receiver Antonio Brown scored the game's final points by reaching over the goal line in a play nicknamed the \"\"Immaculate Extension.\"\" The win secured the AFC North championship for Pittsburgh and eliminated Baltimore from playoff contention. On October 1, 2017, the Steelers beat the Ravens 26–9 at M&T Bank Stadium, which gave the Steelers their first win in Baltimore since 2012. The Steelers managed to sweep the Ravens in the 2017 NFL season with a high-scoring 39–38 victory at Heinz Field on December 10,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5361383", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nBrowns retook the lead when Cody Parkey nailed a 34-yard field goal to make it 24–21. The Steelers would eventually score the game-winning touchdown when Jones found Cobi Hamilton on a 26-yard pass to make the final score 27–24. With the win, the Steelers finished their season 11–5. The team also won seven games in a row for the first time since 2004 and finished the season 6-2 at home. The Steelers had wrapped the regular season up with the #3 seed and played against the sixth-seeded Dolphins at home. The Steelers would draw first blood with Ben Roethlisberger finding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9934378", "chunk_text": "\"JuJu Smith-Schuster\"\nSteelers finished first in the AFC North with a 13–3 record and earned a first round bye. On January 14, 2018, Smith-Schuster started in his first playoff game and made three receptions for five yards and a late touchdown in a narrow 45–42 loss to the Jacksonville Jaguars. On January 18, 2018, the Pittsburgh Steelers promoted quarterback's coach Randy Fichtner to offensive coordinator after they opted not to renew former offensive coordinator Todd Haley's contract. Smith-Schuster entered training camp slated as a starting wide receiver after the Steelers traded Martavis Bryant to the Oakland Raiders for a third-round pick in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12031876", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Roethlisberger\"\nthe AFC North division. In the AFC Divisional Round, the Steelers faced the Jaguars. Although the Jaguars had the #1 passing defense in 2017, Roethlisberger finished with 469 passing yards, 5 touchdowns, and an interception, but the Steelers lost 42–45. He was ranked 18th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018. In Week 2, in a 42–37 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs, Roethilsberger passed for 452 yards, three touchdowns, and had a rushing touchdown. He became the third player since 1950 with at least 450 passing yards, three passing touchdowns, and a rushing touchdown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14232690", "chunk_text": "\"2008 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nweek of the post-season. The 2008 season was the seventh of the past 16 that the Steelers were the first or second seed in the AFC entering the playoffs—never winning the Super Bowl during those seasons. Pittsburgh defeated the San Diego Chargers in the Divisional round, giving up a franchise post-season low of 15 Rushing yards. The victory was head coach Mike Tomlin's first in the post-season. The Steelers defeated the Baltimore Ravens in the AFC Championship Game. The Steelers won Super Bowl XLIII over the NFC Champion Arizona Cardinals on February 1. The team rested on December 29—the day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20772236", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nscore of 68–12, beating Carolina 27–3, and then finishing out at Cleveland, 41–9. The Steelers made it through the season finishing 12–4, winning the AFC North division, and winning the AFC's No. 2 seed in the playoffs. In their first postseason game at home against Baltimore, the Steelers fell behind at halftime 21–7. Pittsburgh made a second half rally and beat the Ravens 31–24. They then defeated the Jets 24–19 in the AFC Championship to earn the right to go to Super Bowl XLV. Against the Green Bay Packers in the Super Bowl, the Steelers fell behind 21–3, but fought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4550557", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\non their last play of the game and season when Roethlisberger threw the ball to Juju Smith-Schuster to make the final score 45–42. With the loss, the Steelers finished their season 13–4. Ben Roethlisberger is also the first QB in NFL history to throw 5 touchdown passes in a postseason game and lose. The Steelers have been involved in the following transactions during the 2017 season: 2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 85th season as a professional sports franchise and as a member of the National Football League. It was the 18th season under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19735685", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nBears.) They faced their longtime rivals, the Cleveland Browns, in the wild card playoff game. The Steelers were down 24–7 in the third quarter, but Maddox led them on a wild comeback. Jerame Tuman, Hines Ward, and Chris Fuamatu-Ma'afala all scored fourth-quarter touchdowns to win the game 36–33. The divisional playoff against the Tennessee Titans was just as dramatic. Hines Ward tied the game early in the fourth quarter with a 21-yard touchdown, and the game eventually went to overtime. Tennessee won the toss and Titans kicker Joe Nedney lined up for a field goal, which he made. But the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12031816", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Roethlisberger\"\na miraculous reception and scored the game-winning touchdown against the Oakland Raiders. The victory marked the first time in playoff history that a sixth-seeded NFL playoff team defeated the top-seeded team. On January 22, 2006, the Steelers defeated the Broncos 34–17 in Denver to win the AFC Championship and advance to Super Bowl XL. Roethlisberger completed 21 of 29 passes for 275 yards and threw two touchdown passes and scored one touchdown himself on a four-yard play-action bootleg. His run was the last touchdown of the game, sealing the win for the Steelers. The Pittsburgh Steelers won Super Bowl XL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4550309", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nquarter, this would be the final score of the game. With the win, the Steelers finished their season at 13–3, marking their most wins since 2004, and tied for the third-most wins in team history. The team also won its 10th straight game over a divisional opponent. They also swept the division for the first time since 2008 and became the first AFC North team to sweep the division since the Ravens in 2011. The Steelers faced the Jaguars in the Divisional Round. The Jags jumped out to leads of 7–0 and 14–0 when Leonard Fournette ran for touchdowns from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "699729", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nOelhoffen into Palmer. Backup quarterback Jon Kitna filled in for Palmer and threw 1 touchdown pass and two interceptions. Despite trailing after the first quarter, the Steelers came within three points, trailing 17–14 at the half. Eventually, they shut out the Bengals in the second half and scored 17 points to win, 31–17. On Sunday, January 15, the Steelers traveled to the RCA Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana where they faced the No. 1 seeded Colts, and defeated them 21–18 in spite of a highly improbable fourth quarter—including a controversial call reversal that turned a crucial Troy Polamalu interception into an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20518617", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nDecember 2, 2007. It was also the Steelers' fifth consecutive regular season win over the Packers, as well as their fifth consecutive win over the Packers in Pittsburgh. The Steelers' 462 yards of offense represented their most since December 6, 2015 against the Indianapolis Colts. After winning in a close game at home, the Steelers traveled to Cincinnati for Game 2 against the Bengals. The Bengals scored first in the first quarter when Randy Bullock kicked a 35-yard field goal to make it 3–0. They would then make it 10–0 when Andy Dalton found A.J. Green on an 8-yard pass.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20518623", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\npass (with a failed 2-point conversion) to make it 31–29. The Ravens managed to pull away when Allen ran for a 9-yard touchdown to make it 38–29. The Steelers then completed the comeback when Bell ran for an 11-yard touchdown to make it 38–36. This would be followed by Boswell kicking a 46-yard field goal to make it 39–38. The Ravens then got the ball back, but Flacco was sacked by T. J. Watt as time expired, sealing the win for the Steelers. With the win, the Steelers improved to 11–2 and were awarded the AFC North division title. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20929212", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nfinal score 23–17. With the loss and 9-game regular season winning streak snapped, the Steelers dropped to 2–1 and with the Ravens' loss to the Jaguars moved into a tie on top of the AFC North. The loss was the Steelers' third straight against the Bears, and dropped the Steelers to a record of 1–12 all-time against the Bears in Chicago. After their first loss of the season, the Steelers traveled to Baltimore to play the Ravens. The Steelers forced a punt on the Ravens' first drive before the Steelers offense produced a 16-play, 84-yard drive which took up 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20518601", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\na 47-yard field goal to make it 23–9. Later on, the Steelers' rush defense stalled as Fournette ran for a 90-yard touchdown to make the final score 30–9. With the loss, the Steelers dropped to 3–2. The 21-point loss was the largest home loss in Mike Tomlin's career as the team's head coach. Ben Roethlisberger also set a new career high of 5 interceptions in a single game with 2 of them being pick 6s. The team failed to score a touchdown at home for the first time since their 11–10 victory over the Chargers in 2008. After being blown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12031872", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Roethlisberger\"\nthe playoffs, winning the AFC North with an 11-5 record. They defeated the Dolphins 30-12 in the Wild card round, and beat the Chiefs 18-16 in the divisional round. However, the Steelers lost to the Patriots in the AFC championship 36-17. Roethlisberger was named to his third consecutive and fifth career Pro Bowl on December 20, 2016, and was ranked 22nd on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017, just one spot below his ranking from the previous year. On October 8, 2017, against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Roethlisberger threw a career-high five interceptions as the Steelers lost by a score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14162067", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Haden\"\nthe Houston Texans. Haden finished the season with 20 combined tackles (18 solo), seven pass deflections, a sack, and an interception in 11 games and 11 starts. Pro Football Focus gave Haden an overall grade of 79.2 for the 2017 season. His grade ranked 51st among all cornerbacks. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished the season atop the AFC North with a 13–3 record. On January 14, 2018, Haden started his first career playoff game and made four solo tackles and a pass deflection in a 45–42 loss to the Jacksonville Jaguars in the AFC divisional round. For the 2018 season, following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12306084", "chunk_text": "\"2006 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nDecember 24, 2006, therefore eliminating the Steelers from playoff contention, and ending their defense of their Super Bowl championship. The Steelers became the first Super Bowl champion since the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2003 to not reach the playoffs the following season. They fell to 7–8 and were swept by the Ravens.Stats Hoping to end their season on a high note, the Steelers flew to Paul Brown Stadium for an AFC North rematch with the Cincinnati Bengals. After a scoreless first quarter, Pittsburgh drew first blood in the second quarter with RB Willie Parker getting a 1-yard TD run. Afterwards,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3839691", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nbut Chris Fuamatu-Ma'afala and Amos Zereoué ably filled in. The Steelers' 13–3 record got them home field advantage throughout the playoffs. Zereoue, filling in for Bettis, scored two touchdowns in the divisional playoff against the defending Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens, which the Steelers won 27–10. Pittsburgh then hosted its fourth AFC championship game in eight years, this one against the New England Patriots. Optimism was high as Bettis made his return. The Patriots jumped out to a big lead thanks to two special teams touchdowns, but the Steelers tried a third-quarter comeback with rushing touchdowns by Bettis and Zereoue.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20518616", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n1-yard pass to make it 21–21. The Steelers managed to take the lead when Roethlisberger and Brown hooked up again this time on a 33-yard pass to make it 28–21. The Packers would tie it up later on in the quarter when Williams ran for a 4-yard touchdown to make it 28–28. With seconds left, Chris Boswell would put up the game-winning 53-yard field goal to make the final score 31–28. With their sixth straight win, the Steelers improved to 9–2. The game marked the Steelers' first victory while suffering a negative-3 turnover ratio since defeating the Cincinnati Bengals on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1746069", "chunk_text": "\"2005 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n2005 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 2005 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 73rd season as a professional sports franchise and as a member of the National Football League (NFL). The Steelers failed to duplicate or improve on their 15-1 record from the year prior, in which they lost to the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game at Heinz Field and finishing at 11-5. The Steelers, with the sixth and final seed to the playoffs, became just the second team ever (and the first in 20 years) to win three road games on their way to the Super Bowl.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12465315", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\na 73-yard touchdown pass to make it 20–3. This would be followed by 2 touchdowns: Wendell Smallwood ran for a 1-yard touchdown while Kenjon Barner ran for an 8-yard touchdown to make the score 27–3 and 34–3. With a scoreless fourth quarter, that would turn out to be the final score of the game. With the loss, the Steelers fell to 2–1 and second place in the AFC North. Roethlisberger's record also fell to 0–2 in Philadelphia and 2–2 against the Eagles. Tomlin's record fell to 1–2 against the Eagles. The team was also held without a touchdown in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3341634", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLIII\"\nlimited him to 791 yards in 11 games, but running back Mewelde Moore proved to be a solid replacement, rushing for 588 yards and catching 40 passes for 320 yards. For their efforts, Tomlin won the 2008 Motorola Coach of the Year Award and Harrison was named the 2008 GMC Sierra Defensive Player of the Year. The Steelers rolled into the post-season as the AFC's second seed, behind only the Tennessee Titans, who would finish 13–3 but lose in their divisional playoff game against the Baltimore Ravens. It had been a long journey for Arizona to get to their first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "664850", "chunk_text": "\"Stephon Tuitt\"\ngrade of 80.4 in 2017. He finished his second season with 54 tackles, 6.5 sacks, one interception, and one pass defended while appearing in 14 regular season games and starting all of them. The Steelers finished the season with a 10-6 record and advanced to the playoffs. In the AFC Wildcard game, Tuitt recorded three combined tackles, as the Steelers defeated the Cincinnati Bengals, 18–16. The following week, the Steelers lost to the eventual Super Bowl 50 champions, the Denver Broncos. In the 16–23 loss, Tuitt collected four combined tackles. Tuitt returned as the Steelers' starting defensive end to begin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693522", "chunk_text": "\"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nthe Divisional Round of the AFC playoffs; Denver presently leads the series 20–11–1, including 5–3 in the playoffs. Neither team has beaten the other more than three times in a row. In their last matchup, the Broncos beat the Steelers on November 25, 2018 in Denver by the score of 24–17. The New England Patriots emerged as a prominent rival in league circles when the Patriots upset the Steelers in the 2001 AFC Championship Game at Heinz Field, though the two teams had met in the postseason twice before; the Patriots defeated the Steelers in 1996 28-3 while the Steelers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494272", "chunk_text": "\"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nCowher's successor as head coach. Tomlin is the first African-American to be named head coach of the Pittsburgh Steelers in its 75-year history. Tomlin became the third consecutive Steelers Head Coach to go to the Super Bowl, equaling the Dallas Cowboys (Tom Landry, Jimmy Johnson and Barry Switzer) in this achievement. He was named the Motorola 2008 Coach of the Year. On February 1, 2009, Tomlin led the Steelers to their second Super Bowl of this decade, and went on to win 27–23 against the Arizona Cardinals. At age 36, he was the youngest head coach to ever win the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13353876", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\ntrailing 15-0 in the fourth quarter the Bengals took a 16-15 lead late in the game, but a last-minute field-goal drive led to an 18-16 win for the Pittsburgh Steelers. The winning score was set up by back-to-back personal foul penalties against the Bengals. Ben Roethlisberger (shoulder) and Antonio Brown (concussion) both left the game with injuries and both teams were penalized a combined 18 times for 221 yards. With the win, Pittsburgh moved on to face the No. 1 seed Denver Broncos in the Divisional round at Mile High Stadium. After the tough battle against the Bengals, the Steelers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582557", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NFL playoffs\"\nbut this game would have a very different outcome. The Steelers gained 387 yards, forced three turnovers, recorded five sacks and scored three touchdowns in the first half on the way to a dominant 18-point win. Pittsburgh took the opening kickoff and drove 85 yards in 5 plays, scoring on Ben Roethlisberger's pass to Antonio Brown, who hauled in the short screen and took it 50 yards to the end zone. Then after a punt, the Steelers moved the ball 90 yards in 6 plays on the way to a 62-yard touchdown completion from Roethlisberger to Brown. This time Miami", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12081315", "chunk_text": "\"2011 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n2011 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 2011 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the team's 79th season as a professional sports franchise and as a member of the National Football League (NFL). It was the twelfth season under the leadership of general manager Kevin Colbert and the fifth under head coach Mike Tomlin. The Steelers hoped to return to the Super Bowl and defend their AFC championship from 2010, but suffered a 29–23 overtime loss to the Denver Broncos in the Wild Card round of the playoffs. The Steelers played all of their home games at Heinz Field in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Steelers'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18512937", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\n7–1 on the road for only the fourth time in franchise history (1978, 2004, 2010). After a huge win on the road, the Steelers returned home for their last regular season game against the Browns. The Steelers would score first in the first quarter when Darrius Heyward-Bey ran for a 29-yard touchdown to make it 7–0. They would make it 14–0 in the second quarter when Landry Jones found JuJu Smith-Schuster on a 20-yard pass. The Browns managed to get on the board when Duke Johnson Jr. ran for a 2-yard touchdown to make it 14–7. The Steelers pulled away", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10494274", "chunk_text": "\"Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nHe is the first Pittsburgh coach without a losing season. The 2013–2017 seasons were noted for record performances from the \"\"Killer B's\"\". This trio consisted of Antonio Brown, Ben Roethlisberger and Le'Veon Bell. Occasionally, the \"\"Killer B's\"\" has also included kicker Chris Boswell due to his ability to hit game-winning field goals. Since the NFL merger in 1970, the Pittsburgh Steelers have compiled a regular season record of 444–282–2 (.635) and an overall record of 480-305-2 (.635) including the playoffs, reached the playoffs 30 times, won their division 22 times, played in 16 AFC championship games, and won six of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4550297", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nmake it 20–13. Roethlisberger then found Antonio Brown on a 6-yard pass to tie the game up at 20–20. Finally, Boswell was able to seal the victory with a 38-yard field goal to make the final score 23–20. With their sixth straight win over the Bengals, the Steelers improved to 10–2. The victory marks the third time that the Steelers have recorded two different 7+ win streaks within consecutive and separate regular seasons (1975–76, 1994–95). The team also won their 8th straight game against a divisional opponent. With the win, the Steelers began 4–0 in their division for the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9773273", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XL\"\nto a 7–5 start, the Steelers rebounded and entered Super Bowl XL finishing the regular season with an 11–5 record. (Although the team finished tied with the Cincinnati Bengals for the division lead, the Bengals won the tiebreaker for the AFC North championship based on better divisional record.) They also became the first team ever to defeat the top three seeded teams on the road in the playoffs (#3 Cincinnati, #1 Indianapolis and #2 Denver). In addition, the team became the first sixth-seeded team to reach both a conference championship game and the Super Bowl since the NFL expanded to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8800456", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Tomlin\"\n24–17 victory over the Cincinnati Bengals. Of the Steelers' 16 head coaches in franchise history, Tomlin was the fourth to reach this milestone. On July 24, 2012, Tomlin received a three-year contract extension through the 2016 season. The financial terms were not disclosed. In the 2012–2013 season, the Steelers finished 8–8 after struggling with injuries to quarterback Ben Roethlisberger and the offensive line and adjusting to the system of new offensive coordinator Todd Haley. It was the second time that the Steelers failed to make the playoffs under Tomlin's tenure as head coach. Facing the Baltimore Ravens on November 28,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15750753", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NFL playoffs\"\ngoal with less than 5 minutes left in the second quarter. Pittsburgh responded with a drive to the Dolphins' 34-yard line, but with 1:12 left, Roethlisberger threw a pass that bounced off the outstretched hands of Brown and was intercepted by safety Michael Thomas, who returned it 16 yards to the Dolphins' 27-yard line. Miami subsequently moved the ball to the Steelers' 8-yard line, featuring a 37-yard completion from Moore to DeVante Parker. But on the next play, Moore lost a fumble while being sacked by James Harrison and Steelers defensive end Stephon Tuitt recovered the ball, allowing Pittsburgh to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17695460", "chunk_text": "\"David DeCastro\"\ngames played streak to 56 in-a-row. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished first in the AFC North after achieving an 11-5 record in 2016. They went on to defeat the Miami Dolphins in the AFC Wildcard, the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC Divisional, and lost the AFC Championship to the New England Patriots. The Pittsburgh Steelers offensive line was ranked the third best by Pro Football Focus, with DeCastro being ranked as the Steelers' top run blocker. He was named to his second-straight Pro Bowl for the 2016 season. He was also ranked 97th on the NFL Top 100 Players of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20518593", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nto make it 17–7 at halftime. After the break, the Steelers got back to work and came within 3 as Le'Veon Bell ran for a 1-yard touchdown to make it 17–14. They would tie the game up in the fourth quarter when Chris Boswell nailed a 32-yard field goal. The Steelers then tried their hand at coming back for the win later on in the quarter, but Roethlisberger was sacked in Bears territory, sending the game into overtime. In overtime, the Bears got the ball. They would win it by way of Howard's 19-yard run for a touchdown and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8582587", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 NFL playoffs\"\nAlbert Wilson, giving them a 7–3 lead. Pittsburgh stormed right back, as Ben Roethlisberger's 52-yard completion to Antonio Brown led to another Boswell field goal that made the score 7–6. On their next drive, they went 53 yards in 14 plays, scoring on Boswell's third field goal, to give them a 9–7 lead with just over 9 minutes left in the half. The Steelers soon got another chance to score when linebacker Ryan Shazier intercepted a pass from Smith on the Chiefs' 44-yard line. Three plays later, Roethlisberger returned the favor with an interception to Eric Berry in the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2296980", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\ngo to the Super Bowl and win. Their playoff campaign included defeating the first (Indianapolis), second (Denver), and third (Cincinnati) seeded AFC teams en route to the Super Bowl victory against the first seeded Seahawks from the NFC. Also, they are the first NFL team to win 9 road games. Roethlisberger became the youngest QB to win a Super Bowl. They successfully tied with the San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys for the most Super Bowl titles with five. The 2006 Pittsburgh Steelers season began with the team trying to improve on their 11–5 record from 2005 and trying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20929210", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nover Minnesota in series history. The Steelers traveled to Chicago to take on the Bears. In the first quarter, the Bears scored first when Jordan Howard ran for a 3-yard touchdown to take a 7–0 lead for the only score of the quarter. In the second quarter, the Steelers managed to tie it up at 7–7 when Ben Roethlisberger found Antonio Brown on a 7-yard pass. The Bears moved ahead by double digits later on when Mike Glennon found Adam Shaheen on a 2-yard pass to make it 14–7. This would be followed up by Connor Barth's 24-yard field goal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2296969", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Pittsburgh Steelers\"\nand Duce Staley caused Willie Parker to become the Steelers' starter at running back, and he acquitted himself very well in two convincing wins against the Tennessee Titans (34–7) and Houston Texans (27–7) to open the season. In the next game, however, the visiting New England Patriots handed Ben Roethlisberger his first regular-season loss as the Steelers lost the much-hyped rematch of the 2004 AFC Championship Game 23–20. Two weeks later, Pittsburgh came back to defeat the throwback-clad San Diego Chargers 24–22 on a 40-yard field goal by Jeff Reed. The victory proved costly as Roethlisberger suffered an injury when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12465327", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Pittsburgh Steelers season\"\nThey wrapped up the scoring later on when Roethlisberger ran for a touchdown himself from 4 yards out making the final score 21–14. With their third straight loss, the Steelers fell to 4–4 and move into a tie with the Ravens for the lead in the AFC North. The loss was also the Steelers' fourth straight loss to the Ravens as well as the fourth straight year losing to their top division rivals in Baltimore. The Steelers traveled home to take on the Cowboys. They would draw first blood in the first quarter when Ben Roethlisberger threw a 2-yard touchdown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3204	who did the broncos beat in the super bowl?	n/a	[ "Carolina Panthers", "Atlanta Falcons", "Green Bay Packers" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636858", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\nSuper Bowl XXXIII Super Bowl XXXIII was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1998 season. The Broncos defeated the Falcons by the score of 34–19, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1999, at Pro Player Stadium in Miami, Florida (now part of the suburb of Miami Gardens, which became a separate city in 2003). The defending Super Bowl champion Broncos entered the game with an AFC-best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14733390", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII\"\nSuper Bowl XLVIII Super Bowl XLVIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2013 season. The Seahawks defeated the Broncos 43–8, the largest margin of victory for an underdog and tied for the third largest point differential overall (35) in Super Bowl history with Super Bowl XXVII (1993). It was the first time the winning team scored over 40 points, while holding their opponent to under 10. This became the first Super Bowl victory for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11635760", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXIV\"\nSuper Bowl XXIV Super Bowl XXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1989 season. The game was played on January 28, 1990, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The 49ers defeated the Broncos by the score of 55–10, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl, and tying the Pittsburgh Steelers with four Super Bowl victories. San Francisco also became the first team to win back-to-back Super Bowls with two different head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767163", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nDenver Broncos to an upset victory over the defending champion Packers, snapping the NFC's 13-year winning streak. The following year, the Broncos defeated the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's fifth Super Bowl appearance, his second NFL championship, and his final NFL game. The back-to-back victories heralded a change in momentum in which AFC teams would win nine out of 12 Super Bowls. In the years between 1995 and 2016, five teams – the Steelers, New England Patriots, Broncos, Baltimore Ravens, and Indianapolis Colts – accounted for 20 of the 22 AFC Super Bowl appearances (including the last 14),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772798", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nNo. 1 in the NFL during the 2015 season. The Broncos finished with a 12–4 record and the AFC's No. 1 seed, despite Peyton Manning having his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in and backup quarterback Brock Osweiler starting the last six games of the regular season due to Manning suffering from a foot injury. Manning led the Broncos throughout the playoffs. The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 23–16 in the Divisional Round, the New England Patriots 20–18 in the AFC Championship, and defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 in Super Bowl 50—the Broncos' third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220337", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXII\"\nSuper Bowl XXXII Super Bowl XXXII was an American football game played between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1997 season. The Broncos defeated the Packers by the score of 31–24. The game was played on January 25, 1998 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, the second time that the Super Bowl was held in that city. Super Bowl XXXII also made Qualcomm Stadium the only stadium in history to have the Super Bowl and the World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8208409", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nSuper Bowl 50 Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champions Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champions Carolina Panthers, 24–10. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California (located in the San Francisco Bay Area). As this was the 50th Super Bowl game, the league emphasized the \"\"golden anniversary\"\" with various gold-themed initiatives during the 2015 season, as well as suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12812082", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXI\"\nSuper Bowl XXI Super Bowl XXI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1986 season. The Giants defeated the Broncos by the score of 39–20, winning their first ever Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1956. The game was played on January 25, 1987, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. This was the Broncos' first Super Bowl appearance since the 1977 season. Led largely through the play of quarterback John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14216854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXII\"\nSuper Bowl XXII Super Bowl XXII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Washington Redskins and American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1987 season. The Redskins defeated the Broncos by the score of 42–10, winning their second Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1988 at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego, the first time that the Super Bowl was played in that city. This Super Bowl came at the end of a season that was shortened by a players' strike. Each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636896", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\nnumber of attempts to be recognized. The minimums are shown (in parenthesis). Source: Prior to the start of the 1998 NFL season, the league swapped position titles with the field judge and back judge. Super Bowl XXXIII Super Bowl XXXIII was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1998 season. The Broncos defeated the Falcons by the score of 34–19, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1999,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636857", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXII\"\nreference.com game summary. Source: Super Bowl XXXII Super Bowl XXXII was an American football game played between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1997 season. The Broncos defeated the Packers by the score of 31–24. The game was played on January 25, 1998 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, the second time that the Super Bowl was held in that city. Super Bowl XXXII also made Qualcomm Stadium the only stadium in history to have the Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19411728", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nFollowing the win against the Jets, Elway took one final lap around the field in what would be his final game at Mile High Stadium. Two weeks later in the Super Bowl, Denver defeated the Falcons, led by former coach Dan Reeves, 34–19 to win Super Bowl XXXIII and defend their title. Elway, playing in his final NFL game, won the Super Bowl MVP award. Since Elway's retirement following the 1998 season, Denver has had only four losing seasons (1999, 2007, 2010 and 2017) and has made the playoffs as a wild card three times (in 2000, 2003 and 2004),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20470458", "chunk_text": "\"Broncos Stadium at Mile High\"\nin double overtime. On October 29, 2007, a record crowd of 77,160 watched the Broncos lose to the Green Bay Packers 19–13 on Monday Night Football on the first play from scrimmage in overtime. On November 26, 2009, it hosted its first Thanksgiving game, when the Broncos took on the Giants. The game was televised on NFL Network, which the Broncos won by a final score of 26–6. On January 19, 2014, the Broncos defeated the Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 26–16 in front of 77,110 fans in attendance, advancing to their first Super Bowl since they began play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076595", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nin Super Bowl XXXII, Denver wore blue jerseys, which was their primary color at the time. They also lost Super Bowl XXI when they wore white jerseys, but they are 0–4 in Super Bowls when wearing orange jerseys, losing in Super Bowl XII, XXII, XXIV, and XLVIII. The only other AFC champion team to have worn white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl was the Pittsburgh Steelers; they defeated the Seattle Seahawks 21–10 in Super Bowl XL 10 seasons prior. The Broncos' decision to wear white meant the Panthers would wear their standard home uniform: black jerseys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772789", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nthe defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots, 27–13, denying New England from becoming the first NFL team ever to win three consecutive Super Bowl championships. The Broncos' playoff run came to an end next week, after losing at home to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship game, 34–17. The Steelers went on to win Super Bowl XL. The Broncos' defense began the first five games of the 2006 season allowing only one touchdown—an NFL record, but struggled down the season stretch. Plummer led the team to a 7–2 record, only to struggle and be replaced by rookie quarterback", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9679336", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nEight years later, the Steelers returned the favor at INVESCO Field at Mile High, defeating the Broncos 34–17 in the , and subsequently won Super Bowl XL. In the Wild Card round of the 2011 playoffs, in a game dubbed \"\"The 3:16 game\"\", the Broncos stunned the Steelers 29–23 on the first play of overtime, when quarterback Tim Tebow connected with wide receiver Demaryius Thomas on an 80-yard game-winning touchdown pass. The teams met again in the Divisional round of the 2015 playoffs at Denver, where the Broncos defeated the Steelers 23–16 on their way to a victory in Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397135", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nblue jerseys. The team initially did not wear the white pants with the orange side stripes, until a November 1, 2015 game vs. the Green Bay Packers, in which the Broncos wore said design in order to match the uniform ensemble that was used during the team's Super Bowl XXXII win over the Packers. As the designated home team in Super Bowl 50, the Broncos — who have an 0–4 Super Bowl record when using their standard orange jerseys — chose to wear their white jerseys as the designated \"\"home\"\" team. In , the Broncos' unveiled a new \"\"Color Rush\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594370", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\ndivisional titles, three AFC championships and three Super Bowl appearances (Super Bowl XXI, XXII and XXIV) during their 12-year span together. The Broncos lost Super Bowl XXI to the New York Giants, 39–20; Super Bowl XXII to the Washington Redskins, 42–10; and Super Bowl XXIV to the San Francisco 49ers, 55–10; the latter score remains the most lopsided scoring differential in Super Bowl history. The last year of the Reeves-Elway era were marked by feuding, due to Reeves taking on play-calling duties after ousting Elway's favorite offensive coordinator Mike Shanahan after the 1991 season, as well as Reeves drafting quarterback", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772795", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nthe AFC's No. 1 seed in 2013. In the 2013 playoffs, the Broncos defeated the San Diego Chargers in the Divisional round and the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship. However, the Broncos were soundly defeated by the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII by a score of 43–8, the Broncos' first Super Bowl berth since winning back-to-back Super Bowls in 1997 and 1998. Prior to the start of the 2014 season, the Broncos announced that Pat Bowlen, the team's owner since 1984, relinquished control of the team due to his battle with Alzheimer's disease, resulting in team president", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594373", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\novercoming a severe migraine headache that caused him blurred vision. The Broncos repeated as Super Bowl champions the following season, defeating the Atlanta Falcons (led by Elway's longtime head coach Dan Reeves) in Super Bowl XXXIII, 34–19. Elway was named Super Bowl MVP, completing 18 of 29 passes for 336 yards, with an 80-yard touchdown to wide receiver Rod Smith and one interception. John Elway retired following the 1998 season, and Brian Griese started at quarterback for the next four seasons. After a 6–10 record in 1999, the Broncos recovered in 2000, earning a Wild Card playoff berth, but losing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464770", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nHistory of the Denver Broncos The history of the Denver Broncos American football club began when the team was chartered a member of the American Football League in 1960. The Broncos have played in the city of Denver, Colorado throughout their entire history. The Broncos did not win any titles as members of the AFL. Since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, the Broncos have won 15 division titles, and played in eight Super Bowls, following the 1977, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1997, 1998, 2013, and 2015 seasons. They won Super Bowl XXXII, Super Bowl XXXIII and Super Bowl 50. Their most famous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772805", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\n37–21. The Broncos did not win the Super Bowl after any of the championship games where they defeated the Browns, losing by an aggregate of 136–40. As of the end of the season, the Broncos and Steelers have met in postseason play eight times, tied with five other pairings for the most frequent playoff matchups in NFL playoff history. The Broncos currently own a 5–3 playoff record vs. the Steelers. Perhaps the most memorable postseason matchup occurred in the , in which the Broncos defeated the Steelers 24–21 at Three Rivers Stadium, en route to their first Super Bowl victory.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12815391", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXIV\"\nrecords were set in Super Bowl XXIV, according to the official NFL.com boxscore, the 2016 NFL Record & Fact Book and the ProFootball reference.com game summary. <br>Some records have to meet NFL minimum number of attempts to be recognized. The minimums are shown (in parenthesis). Turnovers are defined as the number of times losing the ball on interceptions and fumbles. Source: Super Bowl XXIV Super Bowl XXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397103", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nBowl championships ( (XXXII), (XXXIII), (50)). However, the Broncos share the NFL record for most Super Bowl losses (5) with the New England Patriots. They have eight players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame: John Elway, Floyd Little, Shannon Sharpe, Gary Zimmerman, Willie Brown, Tony Dorsett, Terrell Davis, and Brian Dawkins. The Denver Broncos were founded on August 14, 1959, when Minor League Baseball owner Bob Howsam was awarded an American Football League (AFL) charter franchise. The Broncos won the first-ever AFL game over the Boston Patriots 13–10, on September 9, 1960. On August 5, 1967, they became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220338", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXII\"\nSeries in the same year. This was Denver's first league championship after suffering four previous Super Bowl losses, and snapped a 13-game losing streak for AFC teams in the Super Bowl (the previous being the Los Angeles Raiders' win in Super Bowl XVIII after the 1983 season). The Broncos, who entered the game after posting a 12–4 regular season record in 1997, became just the second wild card team to win a Super Bowl and the first since the Raiders in Super Bowl XV. The Packers, who entered the game as the defending Super Bowl XXXI champions after posting a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3187771", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nKansas City Chiefs, Los Angeles Chargers and Oakland Raiders. All teams, along with the Broncos, were charter members of the American Football League (AFL), with each team placed in the AFL Western Division. The Broncos were barely competitive during the AFL years (1960–69), going a combined 10–49–1 against the Chiefs, Chargers and Raiders. The Broncos have had several memorable matchups with the Chiefs, particularly during the years in which John Elway was the Broncos' starting quarterback (1983–98). The Broncos defeated the Chiefs at Arrowhead Stadium in the divisional round of the 1997 NFL playoffs, en route to their first Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636822", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXII\"\nreturned for touchdowns. The Broncos entered Super Bowl XXXII after suffering four Super Bowl losses: Super Bowls XII, XXI, XXII, and XXIV from 1978, 1987, 1988, and 1990, respectively. In all of those losses, the Broncos never had the ability to rush well enough or score enough points to be competitive. Denver had been defeated by a large margin in each one, losing all four by a combined scoring margin of 163–50. The previous three Super Bowl losses were under starting quarterback John Elway, whose ad-libbing skills enabled the Broncos to advance to the league's championship game in a span", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15441328", "chunk_text": "\"John Elway\"\nagainst the Cleveland Browns. The moment is known in National Football League lore as \"\"\"\"The Drive.\"\"\"\" Following that game in Cleveland, Elway and the Broncos lost in Super Bowl XXI to the New York Giants. After two more Super Bowl losses, the Broncos entered a period of decline; however, that ended during the 1997 season, as Elway and Denver won their first Super Bowl title by defeating the Green Bay Packers 31–24 in Super Bowl XXXII. The Broncos repeated as champions the following season in Super Bowl XXXIII by defeating the Atlanta Falcons 34–19. Elway was voted MVP of that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397125", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nrivalries over the years with the Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots. The Broncos had a brief rivalry with the Browns that arose from three AFC championship matches in 1986, 1987 and 1989. In the , quarterback John Elway led \"\"The Drive\"\" to secure a tie in the waning moments at Cleveland Municipal Stadium; the Broncos went on to win in 23–20 in overtime. One year later, the two teams met again in the at Mile High Stadium. Denver took a 21–3 lead, but Browns' quarterback Bernie Kosar threw four touchdown passes to tie the game at 31–31", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594372", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nmost of the teams that year. The fifth-seeded Jacksonville Jaguars, however, upset the Broncos 30–27 in the divisional round of the playoffs, ending the Broncos' 1996 run. During the 1997 season, Elway and Davis helped guide the Broncos to their first Super Bowl victory, a 31–24 win over the defending champion Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XXXII. Though Elway completed only 13 of 22 passes, throwing one interception and no touchdowns (he did, however, have a rushing touchdown), Davis rushed for 157 yards and a Super Bowl–record three touchdowns to earn the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award—this while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464802", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nwinning streak. Denver finished the regular season with a record of 13–3, tying them with the Seattle Seahawks for second best overall record in the league, behind the 14–2 Indianapolis Colts. Denver was seeded number two in the AFC behind the Colts. On January 14, 2006, the Broncos defeated the two-time defending champion New England Patriots, 27–13, in the – denying the Patriots from becoming the first NFL team ever to win three consecutive Super Bowl championships. The last team with an opportunity of winning three consecutive Super Bowls before the Patriots were the Broncos themselves. The Broncos' playoff run", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772803", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nwere members of the AFC West from 1977 to 2001, prior to the Seahawks' move to the NFC West as part of the NFL's re-alignment. During the 25 years in which the Seahawks resided in the AFC West, the Broncos went 32–18 against the Seahawks, including a loss at Seattle in the 1983 NFL playoffs. Since 2002, the Broncos have won three of five interconference meetings, and the two teams met in Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014, with the Seahawks winning by a score of 43–8. Aside from the aforementioned AFC West teams, the Broncos have had intra-conference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204126", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nthe league's top-ranked defense, defeated the Carolina Panthers, who had the league's top-ranked offense, in what became the final game of quarterback Peyton Manning's career. Von Miller dominated, totaling 2.5 sacks and forcing two Cam Newton fumbles; both fumbles leading to Broncos touchdowns. In Super Bowl LI, the Atlanta Falcons had a 28–3 lead late in the third quarter, but lost to the Patriots, 34–28, in the first Super Bowl to ever end in overtime. In Super Bowl LII, the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the defending Super Bowl champions, the New England Patriots, 41–33. It was the Eagles' third Super Bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11461988", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Denver Broncos season\"\nthree playoff games, they recorded 14 sacks, forced seven turnovers, surrendered only one touchdown pass and gave up just 44 combined points (an average of just 14.7 points a game). The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 23–16 in the Divisional round and the defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots 20–18 in the AFC Championship Game. The Broncos then defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 in Super Bowl 50 — the franchise's third Super Bowl championship, and the first since winning back-to-back Super Bowls in 1997 and 1998. On January 12, 2015, one day after the Broncos' 24–13 loss to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397106", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nwinning seasons, still missed the playoffs. Following the season, several prominent players publicly voiced their discontent with Ralston, which soon led to his resignation. Red Miller, a long-time assistant coach was hired and along with the Orange Crush Defense (a nickname originated in 1977, also the brand of the popular orange-flavored soft drink) and aging quarterback Craig Morton, took the Broncos to what was then a record-setting 12–2 regular season record and their first playoff appearance in 1977, and ultimately first Super Bowl, in which they were defeated by the Dallas Cowboys (Morton's former team), 27–10. In 1981, Broncos' owner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204125", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nJersey's MetLife Stadium in February 2014, was the first Super Bowl held outdoors in a cold weather environment. The Seattle Seahawks won their first NFL title with a 43–8 defeat of the Denver Broncos, in a highly touted matchup that pitted Seattle's top-ranked defense against a Peyton Manning-led Denver offense that had broken the NFL's single-season scoring record. In Super Bowl XLIX, the Patriots beat the defending Super Bowl champions, the Seahawks, 28–24 as Malcolm Butler intercepted a Seattle pass in the end zone with the Seahawks poised to take the lead. In Super Bowl 50, the Broncos, led by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464828", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nOakland Raiders. History of the Denver Broncos The history of the Denver Broncos American football club began when the team was chartered a member of the American Football League in 1960. The Broncos have played in the city of Denver, Colorado throughout their entire history. The Broncos did not win any titles as members of the AFL. Since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, the Broncos have won 15 division titles, and played in eight Super Bowls, following the 1977, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1997, 1998, 2013, and 2015 seasons. They won Super Bowl XXXII, Super Bowl XXXIII and Super Bowl 50. Their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3555233", "chunk_text": "\"1997 Denver Broncos season\"\nlost to the Raiders, then defeated the Bills, Seahawks, and Panthers. They then lost to the Chiefs, beat the Raiders and the Chargers, lost to the Steelers and the 49ers, but finished the season with a win against the Chargers. They made the playoffs as a wildcard and advanced against the Jaguars and Chiefs and defeated the Steelers in the 1997 AFC Championship Game. They then won Super Bowl XXXII against the Packers 31–24, only the second team since the NFL/AFL merger in 1970 to ever win a Super Bowl as a wildcard, and the first AFC team to win", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19411765", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nthe Broncos rally to a victory over the San Diego Chargers. A Patriots loss to Miami coupled with the Broncos' win, allowed Denver to enjoy the AFC's top seed and home-field advantage for the playoffs. Denver defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 23-16 in the divisional round and got a second victory over the Patriots in the AFC Championship game by the score of 20-18. The Broncos' victory was sealed when cornerback Bradley Roby intercepted a 2-point conversion attempt with less than a minute to go in the game. Super Bowl 50 pitted the Broncos against the favored Carolina Panthers. The Broncos'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636855", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXII\"\nRice and Stallworth. Denver was the first team with a previous 0–2 Super Bowl record to win (their record had been 0–4). The Broncos' victory snapped the NFC's 13-game winning streak in the Super Bowl, becoming the first AFC team to win the NFL championship since the Los Angeles Raiders defeated the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII. Denver also became the first team to score on four 1-yard touchdown runs in a Super Bowl. The Packers became the third defending Super Bowl champion to lose the Super Bowl, joining the Dallas Cowboys (won Super Bowl XII, lost Super Bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594386", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nthe Chiefs and Raiders, the Broncos currently have a winning record against the Chargers, with a 66–51–1 series lead, including 1–0 in the playoffs. The Broncos pulled off one of the largest comebacks in Monday Night Football history, when Peyton Manning led the Broncos from a 24–0 halftime deficit to a 35–24 win at San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium during the season. The two teams met in the playoffs for the first time on January 12, 2014, at Denver's Sports Authority Field at Mile High, with the Broncos winning 24–17. The Broncos had an old rivalry with the Seattle Seahawks, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594385", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nBowl victory. The Chiefs currently hold a 63–55 series lead over the Broncos, including the aforementioned 1997 divisional playoff game. The rivalry with the Raiders was ignited in , when the Broncos advanced to their first Super Bowl by defeating the defending champion Raiders in the 1977 AFC Championship. The rivalry intensified in the mid-1990s, when Mike Shanahan was hired as the Broncos' head coach in 1995. Shanahan coached the Raiders in before being fired four games into the season. The Raiders currently hold a 63–53–2 series lead over the Broncos, including 1–1 in the playoffs. Unlike their records against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19633697", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\ndefense created three lost fumbles and an interception and scored a defensive touchdown to power the team to a 24-10 victory, the third NFL title for the franchise. Von Miller, who had 2.5 sacks and two forced fumbles, was named the game's Most Valuable Player. Peyton Manning made history as the first quarterback to start and win a Super Bowl for two teams. Gary Kubiak became the fourth coach to win a Super Bowl in his first year with a new team. The Broncos' third championship tied them for seventh-most Super Bowl wins all-time, along with the Washington Redskins and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8208466", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nfirst sports championship since the Colorado Avalanche won the Stanley Cup in 2001. The 2016 NFL season began with the Broncos hosting the Panthers at Sports Authority Field at Mile High. It was the first meeting of both Super Bowl participants during Week 1 of the following season since the 1970 season when the Minnesota Vikings and Kansas City Chiefs held a rematch of Super Bowl IV to kick off the post-merger era of the NFL. The Broncos won 21–20 as Carolina's Graham Gano missed a field goal attempt to win the game. Both teams would ultimately struggle during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636873", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\nin Weeks 15 and 16, and won both games. The Falcons did not return to play in another Super Bowl until 2016, when they lost 28–34 to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI. The Broncos demolished the Miami Dolphins 38–3 and beat the New York Jets 23–10 in the playoffs. Meanwhile, the Falcons were victorious against the San Francisco 49ers, 20–18 and then upset the heavily favored 15-1 Minnesota Vikings on the road, 30–27 in overtime. This was the third Super Bowl in history that featured two teams with two losses or less. Both teams came into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14295276", "chunk_text": "\"1997 Denver Broncos season\"\n1997 Denver Broncos season The 1997 Denver Broncos season was the team's 38th, and 28th in the National Football League (NFL). The Broncos finished the season with a record of 12–4, finishing second in the AFC West, and winning Super Bowl XXXII. The Broncos were the second team since the 1970 merger to win a Super Bowl (Oakland Raiders won in 1980) as a Wild Card team; the Kansas City Chiefs were an AFL wild card entrant who won the pre-merger Super Bowl IV in 1969. The 1997 season saw the new addition of the Denver Broncos' newest wordmark and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464822", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\n12, 2013, the Broncos made their 2013 playoff debut against the Baltimore Ravens in Denver, only to lose 38–35 in double overtime. Baltimore went on to win Super Bowl XLVII. In , the Broncos went 13–3, and scored a record 606 points in the season, including an NFL-record 55 touchdown passes from Manning, in completing the first division title three-peat in their history. This time, they lived up to preseason expectations, defeating San Diego 24–17 (after leading 17–0) in the AFC Divisional, and New England 26–16 (after leading 20–3) in the AFC Championship to advance to face the NFC champion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8811951", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XII\"\nofficials at other positions can do so. This was the first Super Bowl in which all officials had previously called one. Five of the six officials—all except Veteri—previously worked a Super Bowl in New Orleans. Of those five, only Douglas was not on the crew for Super Bowl VI at Tulane Stadium. Super Bowl XII Super Bowl XII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1977 season. The Cowboys defeated the Broncos 27–10 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9679340", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nBroncos' 20–18 win in the 2015 AFC Championship. When the Broncos debuted in , their original uniforms drew as much attention as their play on the field. They featured white and mustard yellow jerseys, with contrasting brown helmets, brown pants and vertically striped socks. Two years later, the team unveiled a new logo featuring a bucking horse, and changed their team colors to orange, royal blue and white. The uniform consisted of white pants, orange helmets, and either orange or white jerseys. In , the Broncos debuted a design that became known as the \"\"Orange Crush.\"\" Their logo was redesigned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9076594", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nthroughout the game, with a number of players needing to change their cleats during the game and players slipping during plays all throughout the game. As the designated home team in the annual rotation between AFC and NFC teams, the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants. Elway stated, \"\"We've had Super Bowl success in our white uniforms.\"\" The Broncos last wore matching white jerseys and pants in the Super Bowl in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's last game as Denver QB, when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–19. In their only other Super Bowl win", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3205	when does zay come to girl meets world?	n/a	[ "May 13, 2015" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18213615", "chunk_text": "\"Girl Meets World\"\nas Jonathan Turner. On June 5, 2015, it was announced that Matthew Lawrence would reprise his role as Jack Hunter. On April 1, 2016, it was announced that Reginald VelJohnson would guest star in an episode as a police officer, a nod to VelJohnson's previous role in a different \"\"TGIF\"\" sitcom, officer Carl Winslow of \"\"Family Matters\"\". On July 28, 2016, it was announced that Lily Nicksay and Lindsay Ridgeway, both of whom portrayed Morgan Matthews, would appear in the season three finale. On January 4, 2017, the series' writers stated on their group Twitter account that they were informed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15226772", "chunk_text": "\"TJ Ashford\"\nstatus with the show unclear. However, one month later, it was reported that Richmond has left the show and the role of TJ would be recast with Tajh Bellow. Richmond last appeared on October 19, 2018, while Bellow made his debut on November 20, 2018. The original casting call for the role of TJ described the character as urban, rebellious, and an \"\"appealing kid who masks it with a huge chip on his shoulder.\"\" When the role was recast, the casting call described TJ as charming and charismatic as well as \"\"a tad cocky.\"\" TJ is drawn to trouble \"\"but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15639136", "chunk_text": "\"Kirby Anders\"\nrekindle their romance as she helps him and Blake regain control of Denver-Carrington. Kirby and Adam announce their plans to marry at the end of the miniseries. A \"\"Dynasty\"\" reboot premiered on The CW on October 11, 2017, featuring Alan Dale as Carrington majordomo Anders. In August 2018, The CW announced that Maddison Brown had been cast as Kirby for the second season. In the April 2018 episode \"\"A Line from the Past\"\", Carrington majordomo Joseph Anders reveals to Sam Jones that he has a daughter named Kirby, who lives with her mother in Australia. Anders moves to call her,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4976038", "chunk_text": "\"Peyton Meyer\"\nhis role as Lucas Friar. In 2016, Meyer starred as Tommy in the family comedy film \"\"Gibby\"\", which tells the story of a monkey who brings happiness to a grief-stricken girl. In 2017, he played the role of Ethan in Go90's web series \"\"Versus\"\". In 2018, he has a recurring role as Trip, Taylor's (Meg Donnelly) new boyfriend, in the ABC series \"\"American Housewife\"\". Peyton Meyer Peyton Meyer (born November 24, 1998) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Lucas Friar on the Disney Channel television series \"\"Girl Meets World\"\", and his earlier recurring role as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17544594", "chunk_text": "\"Girl Meets World\"\nhis role of Stuart Minkus. On March 18, 2014, it was announced that Rider Strong would reprise his role of Shawn Hunter. On December 3, 2014, it was announced that Will Friedle would reprise his role of Eric Matthews, beginning with the second season, along with William Daniels reprising his role as George Feeny in a larger role. On February 3, 2015, it was announced that Trina McGee would reprise her role as Angela Moore and Blake Clark would reprise his role of Chet Hunter. On April 7, 2015, it was announced that Anthony Tyler Quinn would reprise his role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481936", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\nreturned to \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" for a number of guest appearances. She made a one-episode appearance which aired on February 28, 2014. The actress then made several guest appearances in April and May 2014, for a May sweeps story arc which revisited Taylor's accidental killing of Darla years earlier, with Darla's now teen daughter Aly (Ashlyn Pearce) struggling to deal with the issue of her mother's death. Tylo appeared again on November 5, 12 and 24 2014. Tylo made a surprise return to \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" on April 12, 2018. Discussing her secret return to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2295161", "chunk_text": "\"Zak Storm\"\nZak Storm Zak Storm (also known as Zak Storm: Super Pirate) is a computer animated children's television series produced by Zagtoon, Method Animation, De Agostini Editore, SAMG Animation, MNC Animation, and Man of Action. It debuted on Canal J in France on 2 December 2016. It debuted in the United States on KidsClick from 30 September 2017 to 7 January 2018, followed by Discovery Family on 14 October 2017. A second season is planned to be released in 2018. When teenager Zak Storm takes his father's necklace and goes surfing, he is suddenly sucked by a giant wave and ends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17031283", "chunk_text": "\"New Girl\"\nPrimetime Emmy Awards. On May 14, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a seventh and final season consisting of eight episodes, which premiered on April 10, 2018. The series finale was aired on May 15, 2018. Jessica \"\"Jess\"\" Day (Zooey Deschanel) is a bubbly teacher in her early 30s who comes home to find her boyfriend, Spencer, with another woman and leaves him immediately to look for elsewhere to live. Answering an ad for a new roommate on Craigslist, she moves into a loft in Los Angeles with three men around the same age as her: Nick, Schmidt, and Coach.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15929810", "chunk_text": "\"Chelsea Lawson\"\nin Myanmar\"\". On the topic of Egan working with her former co-star Billy Miller, the actress said: \"\"We are buds from way back, of course, from our days on All My Children, and so we have been hanging out even before I came to \"\"Y&R\"\". Now being here with Billy I get to see him double.\"\" Egan debuted on November 11, 2011. In January 2018, \"\"Daytime Confidential\"\" reported that Egan had decided not to renew her deal with the serial and would soon vacate the role. However, the door would be left open for the actress to return. The following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1169608", "chunk_text": "\"Daisy Carter\"\na psychiatric hospital, Daisy's whereabouts are still unknown. In May 2012, it was announced that Zima had been permanently let go from the role after three years, with her last appearance on June 25, 2012, when Daisy went missing. Within three months, reports announced that Zima would reprise the role, which occurred from September 6 to 28, 2012. The character is first introduced as Daisy Thompkins (later Sanders), a new friend of Abby Newman (then Hayley Erin). She works at Fenmore's boutique and lives in the dorms at her high school. She and her brother, Ryder Callahan (Wilson Bethel) arrive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18580294", "chunk_text": "\"Chloe Mitchell\"\nstick around on a recurring basis. In May 2017, Hendrickson announced she was leaving the serial. Hendrickson last aired on July 18, 2017, alongside Greg Rikaart's Kevin Fisher. Chloe is characterized as a \"\"dynamic fashion guru\"\" by Global BC and a \"\"bad girl\"\" by \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\". Hendrickson expressed her happiness in playing a \"\"manipulative\"\" character who takes advantage of people. She said, \"\"I get to play, not only this edgy, spicy kind of character, but she's actually pretty funny too, so it's nice to bring some humor into it as well.\"\" Chloe is a \"\"bitchy\"\" stylist who is hired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4738846", "chunk_text": "\"Phoebe Halliwell\"\nnew leader, Zankou (Oded Fehr) to defeat The Avatars. However, Zankou then turns on the sisters, becoming their adversary for the remainder of the season. During this season Cole, while stuck in Limbo, arranges for the good-natured demon Drake De'mon (Billy Zane) to enter Phoebe's life and keep her from giving up on love. In the season seven finale, during a suicide mission to vanquish Zankou, Phoebe and her sisters fake their deaths in order to escape the constant threat of demon attacks, as well as police and government investigations. For the eighth and final season (2005–2006), Phoebe takes on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2492281", "chunk_text": "\"Sammy Jo Carrington\"\ngets her fired. Sammy Jo returns to Denver and is welcomed back into the Carrington family. A pilot for a \"\"Dynasty\"\" reboot for The CW was announced in September 2016, and Rafael de la Fuente was cast as Samuel Josiah Jones, a gay male version of Sammy Jo, in March 2017. The new series premiered on The CW on October 11, 2017. The nephew of Cristal Flores (Nathalie Kelley), a Hispanic version of the original series' Krystle, Sam is a \"\"cute schemer\"\" who is romantically connected to Steven Carrington (James Mackay). Executive producer Stephanie Savage said, \"\"With Steven Carrington out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8411667", "chunk_text": "\"Zoe Hanna\"\nhad reprised her role as Zoe and the character would return for one episode in early 2018. Zoe's return is billed as \"\"sensational\"\". Sarker revealed that, following her decision to leave the show, Jamie Davis who plays Max asked her to promise she would return when he decided to depart, a promise she honoured by appearing in the episode broadcast on 13 January 2018. Zoe joins the emergency department after being appointed by Harry Harper (Simon MacCorkindale) as a new consultant. Not long after her arrival, Zoe had an affair with Orthopedic Consultant Sean Anderson (Richard Dillane), unaware he is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10994243", "chunk_text": "\"Young & Hungry\"\nfinal ten episodes premiered on June 20, 2018 and concluded on July 25, 2018. A series finale movie initially announced with the cancellation was scrapped on August 24, 2018. Set in San Francisco, wealthy tech entrepreneur Josh Kaminski hires Gabi Diamond as his personal chef. The two have a one-night stand after having a bit of trouble on Gabi’s trial dinner. The series follows the two and their lives. The dynamic follows the couple’s relationship and love life. Gabi faces challenges both in and outside of the kitchen. Celebrity chef and television personalities have also appeared in the show as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14033021", "chunk_text": "\"Nate Cooper\"\nthe episode broadcast on 5 June 2017. The character and casting was announced on 8 September 2013. Pryor originally auditioned for the role of Andy Barrett, but Tai Hara was cast instead. However, the producers liked Pryor so much, that they asked him to return to try out for the part of Nate. Pryor had begun filming four months prior to his casting announcement. Of having to keep his role a secret, the actor admitted \"\"It can be quite difficult not spilling the beans but it is a good exercise in self-control.\"\" British born Pryor had also moved to Australia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7066156", "chunk_text": "\"Bianca Montgomery\"\nstar, has for her. Zoe later tells her that at this point in her transition process, a romantic relationship between them would not be best; Zoe is not ready for it, and instead moves to London. Bianca decides to move to Paris to be closer to Zoe, but returns on December 26, 2007 for a brief visit, cheering her family up following their recent traumas. Bianca reveals that she and Zoe drifted apart, but she is determined to provide a stable family unit for Miranda. After bidding farewell, she departs again on December 28, 2007. On October 17, 2008, Zach", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12396931", "chunk_text": "\"Zooey Deschanel\"\nas a part of her, especially in regards to \"\"the sort of enthusiasm and optimism\"\" of her youth. The series premiered in September 2011, and \"\"USA Today\"\" described her performance as \"\"a role tailored to launch her from respected indie actor to certified [television] star, Deschanel soars, combining well-honed skills with a natural charm\"\". She has received one Emmy and three Golden Globe nominations for her role. Deschanel hosted \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" on February 11, 2012. The series finale ran on May 15, 2018. In \"\"Rock the Kasbah\"\" (2015), she played a Los Angeles singer taken to Afghanistan by her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19658412", "chunk_text": "\"Zay Jones\"\nsigning bonus of $3.07 million. On September 10, 2017, Jones made his NFL debut. He had one reception for 21 yards in the 21–12 victory over the New York Jets. On September 17, 2017, in Week 2, he barely missed on a potential game-winning pass from quarterback Tyrod Taylor on fourth down late in the game of a 9–3 loss to the Carolina Panthers. In Week 9, against the New York Jets, he recorded six receptions for 53 yards and his first career receiving touchdown. In 15 games (10 starts) of his rookie year in 2017, Jones finished with 316", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4976037", "chunk_text": "\"Peyton Meyer\"\nPeyton Meyer Peyton Meyer (born November 24, 1998) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Lucas Friar on the Disney Channel television series \"\"Girl Meets World\"\", and his earlier recurring role as Wes Manning on Disney Channel's \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\". In 2013, Meyer made his debut with Disney Channel Original Series \"\"Dog with a Blog\"\". In 2014, he landed a main role in the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"Girl Meets World\"\", spinoff of \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" where he plays the role of Lucas Friar. Meyer also guest starred on \"\"Best Friends Whenever\"\", where he reprised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14230126", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Horton\"\nUniversal Burbank Studios, where the series is filmed; it was further announced that Dattilo would return as part of the reboot. Series co-executive producer Greg Meng said: Datillo returned on February 29, 2012. In an interview with Michael Fairman, Dattilo said of his return and the fans' reaction of his return: In June 2018, it was reported that Datillo will be exiting the role of Lucas; making his last appearance on November 15, 2018. Lucas comes to Salem with his mother, Kate Roberts (Deborah Adair) after returning from military school. He quickly befriends Sami Brady (Alison Sweeney) and the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4402331", "chunk_text": "\"Summer Newman\"\n\"\"Deadline\"\" reported that King reverted to recurring status with the soap, due to being upgraded to a series regular on \"\"Life in Pieces\"\". King last appeared on December 16, 2016. On May 23, 2018, TVLine announced King's full-time return; her return aired on June 4, 2018. Due to King's commitment to \"\"Life In Pieces\"\", the role was temporarily recast with actress Bayley Corman, expected to air on October 1, 2018 for three consecutive episodes. With the decision to age the character, Summer was described as \"\"fun\"\" and \"\"feisty,\"\" and the \"\"typical\"\" teenager. Bushman said that Summer would definitely be a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10431577", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Carrington\"\nthat Sable is pregnant with Dex's child. The men fight and Dex falls backward into Alexis, sending them both crashing through a railing and falling off a second-story balcony. Three years later, Adam is still working for Alexis, having sold out Denver-Carrington to a foreign cartel while Blake was in jail. After Blake's release and subsequent recontrol of his company, Adam and Blake are reconciled once again. In addition, a remorseful Adam is reunited with Kirby. A \"\"Dynasty\"\" reboot premiered on The CW on October 11, 2017. Fallon (Elizabeth Gillies) is kidnapped in the January 2018 episode \"\"I Answer to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4625455", "chunk_text": "\"Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)\"\nextent, Cassie seemed to have super human intelligence. Rex also suffered mysterious mood swings and psychotic tendencies during Salem Stalker storyline. He dated Mimi Lockhart but they broke up when Rex discovered Mimi aborted his baby without telling him about it. Feeling hurt and betrayed, Rex left town following the abortion and has not appeared on the show since his departure. In September 2018, it was announced that Kyle Lowder would be stepping into the role; he made his first appearance as Rex on October 19, 2018. Duck is a Vietnam War veteran who lives on the fictional island Tinda", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4592938", "chunk_text": "\"Chad DiMera\"\ndeparture, Deidrick said, \"\"I basically wanted to pursue other opportunities.\"\" However, Deidrick was grateful for all he learned. In June 2014, a picture of a script autographed by the \"\"Days of our Lives\"\" cast members was auctioned off at a charity event, and Billy Flynn was one of the signatures. On August 12, 2014, the producers officially announced Flynn's casting to \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\"; he made his first appearance on September 12, 2014. In May 2018, Flynn announced he would remain on the soap for the foreseeable future. Deidrick had to come up with a lot of Chad's back story", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19769177", "chunk_text": "\"Andi Mack\"\nseason on May 25, 2017. The filming of the second season began in July 2017. On August 20, 2017, five additional episodes were ordered for the second season. One week prior to the season two premiere, a music video for the full version of the series' theme song was released, starring the entire cast. On October 25, 2017, TVLine revealed that in the second season, Cyrus will begin to realize that he has romantic feelings for Jonah, following through from several hints in the first season, making him the first gay main character with a coming out storyline on Disney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18745708", "chunk_text": "\"God Friended Me\"\nGod Friended Me God Friended Me is an American comedy-drama series. It was ordered to series on May 11, 2018, and stars Brandon Micheal Hall, Violett Beane, Javicia Leslie, Suraj Sharma, and Joe Morton. The series premiered on September 30, 2018, on CBS. On October 19, 2018, it was announced that the series had received a full season order from CBS. The series chronicles the life of Miles (Hall), an outspoken atheist, who is sent a friend request on Facebook by someone calling themself \"\"God\"\". This account sends Miles suggestions for new friends, people in Miles' hometown of New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7925448", "chunk_text": "\"The Weeknd\"\nbook would be released on 13 June 2018, with the title character being a superhero modelled after himself. Tesfaye began dating model Bella Hadid at the beginning of 2015; the couple were first seen together in April at Coachella. Hadid later starred in his music video \"\"In the Night\"\" in December. They also made a red carpet appearance as a couple at the 2016 Grammy Awards. On 11 November 2016, it was reported that the couple had split; citing their conflicting schedules as the rationale for the relationship's termination. Tesfaye reportedly started dating Selena Gomez in January 2017 and they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17338150", "chunk_text": "\"Best Friends Whenever\"\nsending them back to meet Abraham Lincoln or ahead to a time of flying cars.\"\" Best Friends Whenever Best Friends Whenever is an American comedy television series created by Jed Elinoff and Scott Thomas that aired on Disney Channel from June 26, 2015 to December 11, 2016. The series stars Landry Bender, Lauren Taylor, Gus Kamp, Ricky Garcia, Benjamin Cole Royer, and Matthew Lewis Royer. Set in Portland, Oregon, two teenage girls named Cyd and Shelby are best friends living together while Cyd's parents are on an archaeological dig in Peru. After an accident in their neighbor Barry's science lab,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18382881", "chunk_text": "\"Sophia Bush\"\nyear, she was cast in a main role in the television pilot \"\"Hatfields & McCoys\"\", but the project failed to be picked up to series. In August 2013, Bush joined the cast of NBC's \"\"Chicago Fire\"\" police spin-off \"\"Chicago P.D.\"\" as Det. Erin Lindsay. The series premiered on January 8, 2014. Bush also frequently appeared on the third Chicago franchise series, \"\"Chicago Med\"\". In 2018, Bush provided the voice of Voyd, an aspiring superhero, in Pixar's film, \"\"Incredibles 2\"\", the sequel to 2004's \"\"The Incredibles\"\". Bush became engaged to her \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" co-star Chad Michael Murray in May 2004,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1401666", "chunk_text": "\"Iyanla: Fix My Life\"\nbegan on Saturday, March 28, 2015 at 9/8c, beginning with a special episode that features Karrueche Tran. The seventh season of \"\"Iyanla: Fix My Life\"\" premiered on Saturday, April 15, 2017 at 9/8c, beginning with an episode that featured Keyshia Cole's older sister Neffe and her husband Soullow. Season 7 returned on September 30th, featuring rapper of Hot Boys fame's Turk and his wife Erica. The eighth season of \"\"Iyanla: Fix My Life\"\" premiered on Saturday, March 3, 2018 at 9/8c, beginning with an episode featuring Kamiyah Mobley, who was kidnapped at birth. \"\"Iyanla, Fix My Life\"\" debuted to largely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5871629", "chunk_text": "\"My Perfect You\"\nEllaine informs him to meet a certain person at the coffee shop. On the way, Burn sees two other people which is the same people he had met at the Happy Sunshine Camp until he encounters the certain person he was supposed to meet was actually Bie a look a like of Abi who currently works as the barista to serve Burn's coffee at the coffee shop. Since Burn's memory of Abi was removed so meeting Bie looks like familiar to him. Burn finally introduces himself to Bie and he smiles to meet her in person. On January 18, 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5757284", "chunk_text": "\"Zara Carmichael\"\nhome. After discovering that Daniel had slept with Cherry, Zara ended the relationship with him and left with Joe in August 2012. Zara returns in December 2012 for a meeting with Howard Bellamy (Ian Kelsey). As she is about to leave once again she is persuaded to talk to Daniel, she reveals that she now has a job in Bristol and sees no reason to come back and leaves once again. She returns once again after leaving her job in Bristol and returning to work in The Mill. She begins to warm towards Daniel once again the following month, Daniel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18248042", "chunk_text": "\"Mandatory Brunch Meeting\"\nshare a kiss. Jeremiah is placed into protective custody with the help of GCPD. Cobblepot recruits Grundy (Drew Powell) for the Legion. Jerome brings a man and has Crane inject him with a laughing gas, intending to spread it throughout the city. In March 2018, it was announced that the seventeenth episode of the season would be titled \"\"Mandatory Brunch Meeting\"\" and was to be written by Steven Lilien & Bryan Wynbrandt and directed by Maja Vrvilo. Erin Richards, Camren Bicondova, Chris Chalk, Crystal Reed, and Alexander Siddig don't appear in the episode as their respective characters. In March 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17544598", "chunk_text": "\"Girl Meets World\"\nwomen. After four months of searching for a viable network, on May 3, 2017, co-creator Jacobs confirmed that he was unable to come to an agreement with any outlet to continue the show, thus effectively ending the series. The series originally premiered in the United States on Disney Channel and in Canada on Family Channel on June 27, 2014. The series premiered on Disney Channel in Australia on August 25, 2014, and in the United Kingdom and Ireland on August 29, 2014. In the Balkan countries, Greece, the Middle East and Africa, the series began airing on Disney Channel on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4170107", "chunk_text": "\"Episode 1068\"\nSarker stated that despite memorising her lines, she did not \"\"feel like Zoe\"\" until wearing Zoe's high heels and filming her first scene. She also loved the response from cast and crew when she returned and enjoyed the atmosphere on-set. Sarker's return was announced on 7 September 2017 by series producer Lucy Raffety, who stated that Sarker would make a \"\"sensational comeback\"\" for one episode in early 2018, one-and-a-half years after her departure in episode 995 of the drama. Producers did not initially reveal Zoe's reasons for returning, although confirmed that she would be involved in a story with Max.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10873630", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nat least one more hour of television. I think you'll see he fits very neatly into our universe. It never feels forced\"\". In July 2017, Guggenheim indicated that \"\"really good conversations\"\" had taken place with Ryan to appear again in the Arrowverse, and in October 2017, it was revealed that Ryan would appear in two episodes of the third season of \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", \"\"Beebo the God of War\"\" and \"\"Daddy Darhkest\"\", with the appearance taking place chronologically after \"\"Haunted\"\", revisiting the setting of \"\"Arrow\"\"s fourth season and the events following that season's final episode. Klemmer described the tone of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4711683", "chunk_text": "\"Jeffrey Carlson\"\nJeffrey Carlson Jeffrey Carlson (born June 23, 1975) is a Broadway, film, television actor and singer, best known for his role as the transgender Zarf/Zoe on the long-running daytime soap opera \"\"All My Children\"\". Carlson was born in Long Beach, California. His mother named him Jeffrey because she was a fan of \"\"All My Children\"\" and of the character Jeff Martin on the show. He studied acting at the University of California Davis, where he graduated in 1997 with a B.A. in dramatic art. Carlson then trained at New York City's Juilliard School as a member of the Drama Division's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17544587", "chunk_text": "\"Girl Meets World\"\nGirl Meets World Girl Meets World is an American comedy television series created by Michael Jacobs and April Kelly that aired on Disney Channel from June 27, 2014 to January 20, 2017. The series is a spinoff of \"\"Boy Meets World\"\" and stars Rowan Blanchard, Ben Savage, Sabrina Carpenter, Peyton Meyer, August Maturo, Danielle Fishel, and Corey Fogelmanis. The series centers around the life of a young teen girl, Riley Matthews, and her friends and family, particularly their school life, in which her father Cory is their history teacher. Riley shares a strong relationship with her best friend Maya Hart,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11366716", "chunk_text": "Grown-ish\nAnthony Anderson, Brian Dobbins, and Helen Sugland acting as executive producers. Freeform officially ordered 13 episodes of the spin-off in May 2017, and it premiered on January 3, 2018. On January 18, 2018, Freeform renewed the series for a second season of 20 episodes. It is scheduled to premiere on January 2, 2019. \"\"Liberal Arts\"\", the 23rd episode of season 3 of \"\"Black-ish,\"\" functioned as a backdoor pilot for this spin-off, featuring Yara Shahidi's character, Zoey Johnson, as she goes to college. Shahidi stars in the series, with Chris Parnell, Mallory Sparks, Matt Walsh, and Trevor Jackson guest starring in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5192298", "chunk_text": "\"Zack Addy\"\nand returned in the Season 11 finale \"\"The Nightmare in the Nightmare\"\", and had a recurring role in the series' final season. In the series penultimate episode \"\"The Day in the Life\"\", Zack is exonerated for the murder that left him locked up since the third season finale, opening the way for him to return to society in just over a year's time. The youngest in a large Michigan family with three brothers and four sisters, Zack was a child prodigy, a genius with an I.Q. well above 163 with a supposed eidetic memory. According to his character bio on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481928", "chunk_text": "\"Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)\"\nAly (Ashlyn Pearce), now a teenager, heavily disapproves. Aly forgives Taylor for Darla's death and Taylor and Thorne return to Paris. After few months, Taylor returns to Los Angeles to visit some patients and tells Eric that she and Thorne broke up. Eric asks her to stay in Los Angeles, telling her that LA is the place where she has to live, but she refuses and returns to Paris. Before her leaving, Eric kisses Taylor on her cheek, still showing some feelings for her. In April 2018, Taylor returns to Los Angeles, where she confronts Bill for taking advantage of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3754471", "chunk_text": "\"Cole Deschanel\"\nhim dead. In September, Cole was caught by London authorities and went missing. He eventually returned to \"\"Sunset Beach\"\" in the final episode, and reunited with his one and only love, Caitlin. Five months after his debut as Cole, Cibrian was named one of \"\"Daytime's 12 Hottest Stars\"\" by \"\"TV Guide\"\". The actor was nominated for Hottest Male Star at the 15th annual Soap Opera Digest Awards. Cole Deschanel Cole Deschanel is a fictional character from the US soap opera \"\"Sunset Beach\"\". Ashley Hamilton played the role of Cole from his introduction on January 21, 1997 to February 19, 1997.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11575638", "chunk_text": "\"Abigail Deveraux\"\nthat Miller would make her first appearance as Abigail on November 10, 2016. In May 2018, \"\"Daytime Confidential\"\" reported that Miller would depart the serial. \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" later announced Miller's exiting, citing her decision to not renew her deal with the soap, and announced that Mansi would reprise the role for a \"\"short-term\"\" period of time. Miller made her final episodic appearance on November 19, 2018. Mansi made her return in the role during the November 29, 2018, episode. In January 2011, \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" reported that Abigail would be Chad DiMera's new love interest. Deidrick said he immediately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17715719", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Evans\"\nreasons\"\" for hiding it for now. However, with Overstreet leaving the show after the second season—his option to become a main character was not picked up, and according to Falchuk he decided not to accept a ten-episode recurring role in the third season with the possibility of further episodes or of becoming a series regular after that—Mercedes finds a new boyfriend during the summer. On October 24, 2011, Murphy officially announced that Sam would be returning as a recurring character starting with the season's eighth episode, \"\"just in time for Sectionals\"\". Overstreet continued as a series regular for the show's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6035714", "chunk_text": "\"Of Late I Think of Rosewood\"\npremiered. In 2017, five years after the events of the previous episode, the protagonists have all gone their separate ways. Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario) is living in Washington D.C. working with lobbyists and has since become close to Caleb Rivers (Tyler Blackburn) since she broke up with her high school sweetheart Toby Cavanaugh (Keegan Allen), who has since become serious with his carpentry business. Hanna Marin (Ashley Benson) is working for a fashion line based in New York City and travels frequently, and is engaged to a man named Jordan. Aria Montgomery (Lucy Hale) is working for a publishing house", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7044802", "chunk_text": "\"Summer Newman\"\nguilty. Summer returns to Genoa City in June 2018, much to the surprise of Phyllis and Billy. Immediately, she makes her presence known in Genoa City, only to eventually be arrested for charges of felony theft auto; when bailed out, she explains she believed the car to be a gift from \"\"Pax,\"\" with whom she was having affair with. Jillian Bowe of Zap2it was surprised by the decision to age both Summer and Fenmore at the same time. \"\"Soaps In Depth\"\" said, \"\"A wave of SORAS has hit Genoa City!\"\" in response to the announcement that Bushman had joined the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "451470", "chunk_text": "\"Zak Ramsey\"\nspoken out about his delight that his character finally having a girlfriend after four years in the series and the fact that with Michaela, plenty of trouble comes with her for their, then budding romance. Zak first shared a student flat with Zara Morgan, Lisa Hunter, Steph Dean, Cameron Clark and Bella Manning. His storylines mainly revolved around the other students and he later left the college. After being off camera for over a year, he returned in September 2006, the student flat now occupied by Jessica Harris (Jennifer Biddall), Joe Spencer, Olivia Johnson, and new arrivals Will Hackett, Zoë", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6244388", "chunk_text": "\"Ebony White\"\nMay 29th 1949. Sammy first appeared in \"\"The Ballgame\"\" published on Sunday July 31st 1949 (as part of a six-episode story arc set in the South Seas, in which Ebony does not appear). Sammy returns to Central City with The Spirit (and is welcomed into the cast by Ebony, Commissioner Dolan and Ellen Dolan) in \"\"The Return\"\" published Sunday August 14th 1949. Ebony makes two wordless one-panel appearances over the next two weeks, in \"\"The Candidate\"\" published Sunday August 21st 1949 and \"\"White Cloud\"\" published August 28th 1949, before making his final appearance in five panels of \"\"Lurid Love\"\" (a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3069695", "chunk_text": "\"Zoe Luper\"\nZoe Luper Zoe Luper is a fictional character portrayed by actor Jeffrey Carlson on the ABC daytime drama \"\"All My Children\"\". Zoe is perhaps the first transgender television character depicted at the beginning of male-to-female transition and coming out. The character debuted in August 2006 as Zarf, an English rock star who presents as male. Zarf/Zoe returned during the period of November 29, 2006 to April 26, 2007. Zoe was created by \"\"All My Children\"\" head writer Megan McTavish. She was inspired by \"\"TransGeneration\"\" (2005), a documentary-style reality series about transgender students at US universities. Zoe is introduced on August", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3206	who designed the earth day flag in 1969?	n/a	[ "John McConnell" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029127", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\nFlag of Earth Some individuals and organizations have promoted designs for a flag representing the planet Earth, though none have been officially recognized as such by any governmental body. The most widely recognized flags associated with Earth are the flag of the United Nations and the Earth Day flag. Listed below are some of the unofficial contenders for a Flag of Earth: A flag designed by John McConnell in 1969 for the first Earth Day is a dark blue field charged with \"\"The Blue Marble\"\", a famous NASA photo of the Earth as seen from outer space. The first edition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2725468", "chunk_text": "\"Ecology Flag\"\nEcology Flag The Ecology Flag is a cultural symbol used primarily in the 1970s by American environmentalists. It is commonly thought of as a symbol of people's commitment to clean up the environment. Ron Cobb created an ecology symbol which he published on October 25, 1969, in the Los Angeles Free Press and then placed it in the public domain. The symbol was formed by taking the letters \"\"e\"\" and \"\"o\"\", taken from the words \"\"environment\"\" and \"\"organism\"\", and putting them in superposition, thereby forming a shape reminiscent of the Greek letter Θ (Theta). \"\"Look\"\" magazine incorporated the symbol into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9215604", "chunk_text": "\"John McConnell (peace activist)\"\nof men.\"\" He was moved when he saw the first picture of the Earth printed in \"\"Life\"\" magazine. Later that picture became the symbol on the Earth Day flag which he designed and created. The Earth Day Flag was featured in the \"\"Whole Earth Catalogue\"\" and has been used ever since, all around the world, to show support of efforts to help people and planet. The Earth Day Flag is a symbol of Earth Day and is still part of the Earth Day Ceremony each year on the spring equinox at the United Nations. In October 1969, at the National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2725470", "chunk_text": "\"Ecology Flag\"\nthe earliest recorded flyings of an actual Ecology Flag was in 1971. As a 16-year-old high school student, Betsy Boze, an environmental advocate and social activist, made a 3 x 5 foot green and white \"\"theta\"\" ecology flag to commemorate the first Earth Day (then called Ecology Day). Initially denied permission to fly the flag at C.E. Byrd High School in Shreveport, Louisiana, Vogel sought and received authorization from the Louisiana Legislature and Louisiana Governor John McKeithen in time to display the flag for Earth Day. Students at Harper College in Palatine, Illinois made an agreement with the administration to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7243482", "chunk_text": "\"Donal McLaughlin\"\nlongevity to having \"\"never exerted myself with too much work or ambition\"\". McLaughlin died on September 27, 2009, at the age of 102 in his home in Garrett Park, Maryland due to esophageal cancer. He was survived by two daughters, a son, six grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. He married the former Laura Nevius in 1937, who died in 1998. Donal McLaughlin Donal McLaughlin (July 26, 1907 – September 27, 2009) was an American architect who played a major role in the design of the Flag of the United Nations. McLaughlin was born on July 26, 1907, in Manhattan and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029130", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\nthe flag of the United Nations has been used to indicate world unity, although it technically only represents the United Nations itself. It has a geographical representation of the planet, and its high visibility usage makes it a well-known contender for representing Earth. During the planning for NASA's moon landings of the 1960s, it was suggested that a UN flag be used in place of the flag of the US. James William van Kirk, a minister from Youngstown, Ohio, designed in 1913 a peace flag with rainbow stripes, stars and a globe. With this flag, he twice made a peace", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13357706", "chunk_text": "\"Earth Day\"\nConference in Paris. In 1969 at a UNESCO Conference in San Francisco, peace activist John McConnell proposed a day to honor the Earth and the concept of peace, to first be celebrated on March 21, 1970, the first day of spring in the northern hemisphere. This day of nature's equipoise was later sanctioned in a proclamation written by McConnell and signed by Secretary General U Thant at the United Nations. A month later a separate Earth Day was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach-in first held on April 22, 1970. Nelson was later awarded the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029133", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\nblack background. It is particularly popular amongst SETI researchers and is used by the SETI League. The flag flies at the Ohio State University Radio Observatory and was lowered to half mast when Carl Sagan died. Flag of Earth Co. International was also founded by Cadle which sold the flag. The Flag of Earth became public domain in 2003. The World Flag is an international flag created in 1988 by Paul Carroll to act as a symbol to inspire \"\"positive global change while continuing to embrace and celebrate cultural diversity.\"\" The current 2008 version of the combined World Flag has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13642818", "chunk_text": "\"Recycling symbol\"\nRecycling symbol The universal recycling symbol ( or in Unicode) is internationally recognized. Worldwide attention to environmental issues led to the first Earth Day in 1970. Container Corporation of America, a large producer of recycled paperboard, sponsored a contest for art and design students at high schools and colleges across the country to raise awareness of environmental issues. It was won by Gary Anderson, then a 23-year-old college student at the University of Southern California, whose entry was the image now known as the universal recycling symbol. The symbol is not trademarked and is in the public domain. The public-domain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13357711", "chunk_text": "\"Earth Day\"\nchaired by the first Earth Day 1970 organizer Denis Hayes, according to whom Earth Day is now \"\"the largest secular holiday in the world, celebrated by more than a billion people every year.\"\" Walt Kelly created an anti-pollution poster featuring his comic strip character Pogo with the quotation \"\"We have met the enemy and he is us\"\" to promote the 1970 Earth Day. Environmental groups have sought to make Earth Day into a day of action to change human behavior and provoke policy changes. In the winter of 1969–1970, a group of students met at Columbia University to hear Denis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20726970", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Bell\"\nAs of 2009, the character now uses the slogan, \"\"Help Woodsy Spread the Word\"\", mixed with the song, \"\"The Syncopated Clock\"\", by Leroy Anderson. Harold Bell Harold Bell (October 5, 1919 – December 4, 2009) was an American marketer and merchandising executive who co-created Woodsy Owl, the iconic mascot of the United States Forest Service. Bell created Woodsy Owl with two U.S. park rangers, Chuck Williams and Glenn Kovar, and another colleague, Betty Hite, for the first Earth Day in 1970. Woodsy Owl is best known for the motto, \"\"Give a hoot, don’t pollute!\"\". Harold Bell was born on October", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2725469", "chunk_text": "\"Ecology Flag\"\nan image of a flag in their April 21, 1970 issue. It widely popularized the theta symbol, which it associated with the Greek word \"\"thanatos\"\" (death) in light of human threats to the environment and atmosphere of the earth. The flag was patterned after the flag of the United States, and had thirteen stripes alternating green and white with the green standing for unspoiled land and the white for clean air. Its canton was green with the ecology symbol where the stars would be in the United States flag. Ecology flags showed up many places in the 1970s. One of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2725471", "chunk_text": "\"Ecology Flag\"\nfly a homemade Ecology flag under the U.S. flag for the 1971-1972 school year. The flag flew over the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory in Port Hueneme, California in 1973 and decorated a building as a mural in Mississippi Palisades State Park in Illinois in 1976. The flag continues to be used as a symbol of concern for the planet, showing up at the People's Climate March in 2017. Ecology Flag The Ecology Flag is a cultural symbol used primarily in the 1970s by American environmentalists. It is commonly thought of as a symbol of people's commitment to clean up the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029132", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\nthe World Passport (a fantasy travel document) with a proposed flag of the world. The astrological (and astronomical) symbol of Earth is another candidate for Earth's flag, often depicted with a blue background, with the symbol at its center. Another Earth flag was created around the same time in 1970 by a farmer from Homer, Illinois named James W. Cadle. Cadle's version of the Earth flag consists of a blue circle representing Earth in the center of the flag, a segment of a large yellow circle representing the sun and a small white circle for the moon, all on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7243477", "chunk_text": "\"Donal McLaughlin\"\nDonal McLaughlin Donal McLaughlin (July 26, 1907 – September 27, 2009) was an American architect who played a major role in the design of the Flag of the United Nations. McLaughlin was born on July 26, 1907, in Manhattan and was raised in the Bronx. His choice to pursue architecture mirrored that of his grandfather, James W. McLaughlin, who designed the Cincinnati Art Museum. McLaughlin attended Yale University, where his thesis addressed the issues of circular design. He graduated with a Bachelor of Architecture degree in 1933 from the Yale School of Architecture. He earned an architecture diploma from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8723241", "chunk_text": "\"Earth Day\"\non the Environment. The first Earth Day proclamation was issued by San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto on March 21, 1970. Celebrations were held in various cities, such as San Francisco and in Davis, California with a multi-day street party. UN Secretary-General U Thant supported McConnell's global initiative to celebrate this annual event; and on February 26, 1971, he signed a proclamation to that effect, saying: May there be only peaceful and cheerful Earth Days to come for our beautiful Spaceship Earth as it continues to spin and circle in frigid space with its warm and fragile cargo of animate life.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029129", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\nimage was the basis of a legal battle that resulted in the invalidation of a trademark and copyright that was originally issued to the Earth Day flag through its original promotional entity, World Equity, Inc. This does not invalidate the official history of McConnell's flag, only the official documentation that was issued on it. The One Flag in Space initiative is an offshoot of the Space Generation Congress (SGC), the Space Generation Advisory Council's yearly world meeting. It promotes usage of the \"\"Blue Marble\"\" flag for space exploration (it does not explicitly mention it being McConnell's design). Adopted in 1946,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20538093", "chunk_text": "\"Whole Earth Catalog\"\nand this is something we do in common, interactively. As an early indicator of the general Zeitgeist, the catalog's first edition preceded the original Earth Day by nearly two years. The idea of Earth Day occurred to Senator Gaylord Nelson, its instigator, \"\"in the summer of 1969 while on a conservation speaking tour out west,\"\" where the Sierra Club was active, and where young minds had been broadened and stimulated by such influences as the catalog. Despite this popular and critical success, particularly among a generation of young hippies and survivalists, the catalog was not intended to continue in publication", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6365164", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\na world map 216 flags; including the flags of every UN member state, the United Nations, and several territories of larger nations. The World Flag has been flown at the UN Headquarters for the \"\"A Prayer for Peace\"\" event, The World Trade Center, Earth Day in Central Park, and at various other events around the world. In 2015 a Swedish artist, Oskar Pernefeldt, proposed the \"\"International Flag of the Planet Earth\"\". It was conceived to be used in space expeditions and it has two main purposes: The creators predict that it will be eventually used in Mars landing in 2025", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15262198", "chunk_text": "\"Selma Rubin\"\nSelma Rubin Selma Rubin (March 28, 1915 – March 9, 2012) was an American environmentalist and environmental activist. She was called a co-founder of Earth Day. Rubin was a member or adviser for more than forty organizations spanning more than 57 years. She was raised in Toledo, Ohio, and served in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1945 during World War II. She and her husband, Bill, moved to Santa Barbara, California, from Los Angeles in 1964, where she took a position as an accountant. Rubin had been involved in some activism prior to 1969. However, the turning point", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1049842", "chunk_text": "\"Earth Day\"\nPark in Philadelphia. Other notable attendees included consumer protection activist and presidential candidate Ralph Nader; Landscape Architect Ian McHarg; Nobel prize-winning Harvard Biochemist, George Wald; U.S. Senate Minority Leader, Hugh Scott; and poet, Allen Ginsberg. Mobilizing 200 million people in 141 countries and lifting the status of environmental issues onto the world stage, Earth Day activities in 1990 gave a huge boost to recycling efforts worldwide and helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Unlike the first Earth Day in 1970, this 20th Anniversary was waged with stronger marketing tools, greater access", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20726966", "chunk_text": "\"Harold Bell\"\nHarold Bell Harold Bell (October 5, 1919 – December 4, 2009) was an American marketer and merchandising executive who co-created Woodsy Owl, the iconic mascot of the United States Forest Service. Bell created Woodsy Owl with two U.S. park rangers, Chuck Williams and Glenn Kovar, and another colleague, Betty Hite, for the first Earth Day in 1970. Woodsy Owl is best known for the motto, \"\"Give a hoot, don’t pollute!\"\". Harold Bell was born on October 5, 1919, in Union City, New Jersey. He was one of three sons born to his parents, David and Hilda Rosenthal Belsky. His father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5857297", "chunk_text": "\"Denis Hayes\"\nin the development of the Bullitt Center. Denis Hayes Denis Allen Hayes (born August 29, 1944) is an environmental advocate and proponent of solar power. He rose to prominence in 1970 as the coordinator for the first Earth Day. Hayes founded the Earth Day Network and expanded it to more than 180 nations. During the Carter Administration, Hayes became head of the Solar Energy Research Institute (now known as the National Renewable Energy Laboratory), but left this position when the Reagan Administration cut funding for the program. Since 1992, Hayes has been president of the Bullitt Foundation in Washington and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7972579", "chunk_text": "\"Denis Hayes\"\nDenis Hayes Denis Allen Hayes (born August 29, 1944) is an environmental advocate and proponent of solar power. He rose to prominence in 1970 as the coordinator for the first Earth Day. Hayes founded the Earth Day Network and expanded it to more than 180 nations. During the Carter Administration, Hayes became head of the Solar Energy Research Institute (now known as the National Renewable Energy Laboratory), but left this position when the Reagan Administration cut funding for the program. Since 1992, Hayes has been president of the Bullitt Foundation in Washington and continues to be a leader in environmental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8723231", "chunk_text": "\"Earth Day\"\nto television and radio, and multimillion-dollar budgets. Two separate groups formed to sponsor Earth Day events in 1990: The Earth Day 20 Foundation, assembled by Edward Furia (Project Director of Earth Week in 1970), and Earth Day 1990, assembled by Denis Hayes (National Coordinator for Earth Day 1970). Senator Gaylord Nelson, the original founder of Earth Day, was honorary chairman for both groups. The two did not combine forces over disagreements about leadership of combined organization and incompatible structures and strategies. Among the disagreements, key Earth Day 20 Foundation organizers were critical of Earth Day 1990 for including on their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14716662", "chunk_text": "Environmentalism\nslogan \"\"ecology is permanent economy\"\" were very influential. Another milestone in the movement was the creation of Earth Day. Earth Day was first observed in San Francisco and other cities on March 21, 1970, the first day of spring. It was created to give awareness to environmental issues. On March 21, 1971, United Nations Secretary-General U Thant spoke of a spaceship Earth on Earth Day, hereby referring to the ecosystem services the earth supplies to us, and hence our obligation to protect it (and with it, ourselves). Earth Day is now coordinated globally by the Earth Day Network, and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3910080", "chunk_text": "\"Walter Reuther\"\nfunding and organizing the first Earth Day on April 22, 1970. According to Denis Hayes, the principal national organizer of the first Earth Day, \"\"Without the UAW, the first Earth Day would have likely flopped!\"\" As the leader of five million autoworkers including retirees and their families, Reuther was influential inside the Democratic Party. During World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt frequently consulted Reuther, referring to him as \"\"my young red-headed engineer.\"\" He was considered by John F. Kennedy for Vice President in 1960. He was instrumental in spearheading the creation of the Peace Corps and in marshaling support", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029128", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\nof McConnell's flag used screen-printing and used different colors: ocean and land were blue and the clouds were white. McConnell presented his flag to the United Nations as a symbol for consideration. Because of the political views of its creator and its having become a symbol of Earth Day, the flag is associated with environmental awareness, and the celebration of the global community. It was offered for sale originally in the \"\"Whole Earth Catalog\"\", and is the only flag which was endorsed by McConnell. \"\"The Blue Marble\"\" image was placed in the public domain, and the public nature of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20240994", "chunk_text": "\"Lunar Flag Assembly\"\nJack Kinzler, head of technical services at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas. Six of the flags were ordered from a government supply catalog and measured ; the last one planted on the Moon was the slightly larger, -wide flag which had hung in the Mission Operations Control Room in the Manned Spacecraft Center for most of the Apollo program. In January 1969, President Richard M. Nixon set an international tone for the Apollo program in his inaugural address: This inspired an idea, discussed within NASA, of having the astronauts plant a United Nations flag on the first landing.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19950047", "chunk_text": "\"Gilbert Baker (artist)\"\nGilbert Baker (artist) Gilbert Baker (June 2, 1951 – March 31, 2017) was an American artist, gay rights activist, and designer of the rainbow flag (1978). Baker's flag became widely associated with LGBT rights causes, a symbol of gay pride that has become ubiquitous in the decades since its debut. California state senator Scott Wiener said Baker \"\"helped define the modern LGBT movement\"\". In 2015, the Museum of Modern Art ranked the rainbow flag as an internationally recognized symbol as important as the recycling symbol. Baker was born on June 2, 1951, in Chanute, Kansas. He grew up in Parsons,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1049848", "chunk_text": "\"Earth Day\"\n5,000 environmental groups outside the United States, reaching hundreds of millions of people in a record 183 countries. Leonardo DiCaprio was the official host for the event, and about 400,000 participants stood in the cold rain during the course of the day. To turn Earth Day into a sustainable annual event rather than one that occurred every 10 years, Nelson and Bruce Anderson, New Hampshire's lead organizers in 1990, formed Earth Day USA. Building on the momentum created by thousands of community organizers around the world, Earth Day USA coordinated the next five Earth Day celebrations through 1995, including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13642827", "chunk_text": "\"Recycling symbol\"\nmanner of pioneering stop motion photographer Eadweard Muybridge. The front-loading washing machines were then used to develop and process the 24 inch (61 cm) diameter circular film negatives. Recycling symbol The universal recycling symbol ( or in Unicode) is internationally recognized. Worldwide attention to environmental issues led to the first Earth Day in 1970. Container Corporation of America, a large producer of recycled paperboard, sponsored a contest for art and design students at high schools and colleges across the country to raise awareness of environmental issues. It was won by Gary Anderson, then a 23-year-old college student at the University", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16320210", "chunk_text": "\"Lynton K. Caldwell\"\nKeith Caldwell Prize for the best book in environmental politics and policy published during the previous three years. Shortly after his death in 2006, the Caldwell Center for Culture and Ecology was established in Bloomington, IN to provide environmental education for youth and adults. Lynton K. Caldwell Lynton Keith Caldwell (November 21, 1913 – August 15, 2006) was an American political scientist and a principal architect of the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act, the first act of its kind in the world. He was educated at the University of Chicago and spent most of his career at Indiana University Bloomington,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5379334", "chunk_text": "\"José Argüelles\"\nJosé Argüelles José Argüelles, born Joseph Anthony Arguelles (; January 24, 1939 – March 23, 2011), was an American New Age author and artist. He was the founder of Planet Art Network and the Foundation for the Law of Time. He held a Ph.D. in Art History and Aesthetics from the University of Chicago and taught at numerous colleges, including Princeton University, the University of California, Davis, the San Francisco Art Institute, and Evergreen State College. As one of the originators of the Earth Day concept (due in part to the influence of astrologer Dane Rudhyar), Argüelles founded the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5029131", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\ntour through Europe. The Universal Peace Congress adopted this flag as its World Peace Flag. Designed by Pierre de Coubertin in 1914 and adopted in Olympic games since 1920, the Olympic flag represents all mankind and has a white bar with 5 interlocking rings of 5 colors. The five rings represent the five continents. The six colors (including the white color of the background) represent all of the world's nations. The World Citizen is a social movement for global citizenship under a proposed world government. In 1953, one of its activists, Garry Davis, founded the World Service Authority, which sells", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6317153", "chunk_text": "\"Ron Cobb\"\ndesign for the exterior of the \"\"Dark Star\"\" spaceship on a Pancake House napkin). His cartoons from the 1960s and 1970s are collected in \"\"RCD-25\"\" (1967) and \"\"Mah Fellow Americans\"\" (1968) (both Sawyer Press), and \"\"Raw Sewage\"\" (1971) and \"\"My Fellow Americans\"\" (1971) (both Price Stern and Sloan). None of these volumes remains in print. In 1969 Cobb designed the Ecology symbol, later incorporated into the Ecology Flag. In 1972, Cobb moved to Sydney, Australia, where his work appeared in alternative magazines such as The Digger. Independent publishers Wild & Woolley published a \"\"best of\"\" collection of the earlier cartoon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7665934", "chunk_text": "\"Morton Hilbert\"\nof conservation and environmentalism movements in Michigan. Recently, some have called for an increased awareness of Hilbert's role in the founding of Earth Day. Morton Hilbert Morton Shelly Hilbert (January 3, 1917 – December 24, 1998) was a professor of public health, environmentalist, and co-founder of Earth Day. He is best known for developing public sanitation systems and sanitary public healthcare facilities throughout the United States, Europe, U.S. Virgin Islands, and developing nations. In 1940, Hilbert graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and began his career as a public health official and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11923652", "chunk_text": "\"Stewart Brand\"\nastronaut took an Earth photo, \"\"Earthrise\"\", from Moon orbit, which became the front image of the spring 1969 edition of the \"\"Catalog\"\". 1970 saw the first celebration of Earth Day. During a 2003 interview, Brand explained that the image \"\"gave the sense that Earth's an island, surrounded by a lot of inhospitable space. And it's so graphic, this little blue, white, green and brown jewel-like icon amongst a quite featureless black vacuum.\"\" In late 1968, Brand assisted electrical engineer Douglas Engelbart with The Mother of All Demos, a famous presentation of many revolutionary computer technologies (including hypertext, email, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1049850", "chunk_text": "\"Earth Day\"\nClimate Literacy.\"\" The four toolkits are: 2017 also saw the Earth Day Network co-organize the March for Science rally and teach-in at the National Mall in Washington, D.C. According to Nelson, the moniker \"\"Earth Day\"\" was \"\"an obvious and logical name\"\" suggested by a lot of other people in the fall of 1969, including, he writes, both \"\"a friend of mine who had been in the field of public relations\"\" and \"\"a New York advertising executive,\"\" Julian Koenig. Koenig, who had been on Nelson's organizing committee in 1969, has said that the idea came to him by the coincidence of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13357707", "chunk_text": "\"Earth Day\"\nPresidential Medal of Freedom award in recognition of his work. While this April 22 Earth Day was focused on the United States, an organization launched by Denis Hayes, who was the original national coordinator in 1970, took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 nations. Numerous communities celebrate Earth Week, an entire week of activities focused on the environmental issues that the world faces. In 2017, the March for Science occurred on Earth Day (April 22, 2017) and was followed by the People's Climate Mobilization (April 29, 2017). On January 28, 1969, a well drilled by Union Oil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15814725", "chunk_text": "\"Morton Hilbert\"\nMorton Hilbert Morton Shelly Hilbert (January 3, 1917 – December 24, 1998) was a professor of public health, environmentalist, and co-founder of Earth Day. He is best known for developing public sanitation systems and sanitary public healthcare facilities throughout the United States, Europe, U.S. Virgin Islands, and developing nations. In 1940, Hilbert graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and began his career as a public health official and field engineer in Michigan. He then enrolled in the University of Michigan School of Public Health, and in 1946 received his master's degree in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20240997", "chunk_text": "\"Lunar Flag Assembly\"\nwas made clear the United States had no intention of making a territorial claim to the Moon, no serious controversy materialized. In fact, the United States Congress passed a bill in November 1969, which was signed into law by President Nixon, stating: About three months prior to the July 1969 Apollo 11 mission, Robert Gilruth, Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) and a member of the Committee on Symbolic Activities, still needed to select someone to design the flag assembly. He asked Jack Kinzler, head of technical services at MSC and also known as \"\"Mr. Fix It\"\" for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6365166", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Earth\"\nthe whole structure collapsing. Finally, the deep-blue represents the ocean and the importance of water for life on Earth. The One World Flag is a concept published in 2018 by the German activist and visual artist Thomas Mandl. The design of the flag consists of a blue circle on a translucent blank background. Through the usage of Sheer fabrics, the environment blends into the flag background and thus becomes an integral part of the flag design representing the ever-changing nature of culture, society, politics, and environment of the planet earth. Flag of Earth Some individuals and organizations have promoted designs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17597494", "chunk_text": "\"Julian Koenig\"\n\"\"Lemon\"\" ads for Volkswagen under the supervision of William Bernbach. The \"\"Think Small\"\" ad was voted the No. 1 campaign of all time in Advertising Age's 1999 “The Century of Advertising.\"\" In 1960, Frederic S. Papert, an account manager from Kenyon & Eckhardt, persuaded Koenig and George Lois to start up their own creative hot shop, PKL. In 1962, they broke an industry taboo by doing an IPO. Within years several other agencies followed their lead. Koenig was on Senator Gaylord Nelson's 1969 committee that established Earth Day on April 22. Koenig coined the name \"\"Earth Day\"\", basing it off", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7280283", "chunk_text": "\"Columbia High School (New Jersey)\"\n1982. Columbia High School was the first school in the nation to observe Earth Day, on April 17, 1970. Due to the fact that Columbia was on spring break on April 22, when Earth Day was scheduled for national observance, the presentation was known as Earth Day Minus Five and a specially prepared flag was run up the main flagpole. The all-day observance, which was coordinated by biology teacher Jeffrey Himmelstein, began with Congressman Joseph Minish as the keynote speaker; several noted scientists from the area conducted seminars. Featured was an assembly with films and slide shows that were created", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11243439", "chunk_text": "\"David Brower\"\nhis home in Berkeley, California, on November 5, 2000. A monument, \"\"Spaceship Earth\"\", was erected in his honor at Kennesaw State University. The monument should serve as a reminder to future generations about the precious nature of the planet. David Brower David Ross Brower (; July 1, 1912 – November 5, 2000) was a prominent environmentalist and the founder of many environmental organizations, including the John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, Friends of the Earth (1969), the League of Conservation Voters, Earth Island Institute (1982), North Cascades Conservation Council, and Fate of the Earth Conferences. From 1952 to 1969, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16860148", "chunk_text": "\"Peace flag\"\nusing the flag upon the other white streamer\"\". This flag was adopted by the International Council of Women in 1896. In 1904, it lost the complicated design and became a simple tricolor. James William van Kirk, a Methodist minister from Youngstown (Ohio, USA), designed the first world peace flag of the Earth, using rainbow stripes, stars and a globe. In 1913 and 1929, he made a peace tour through Europe with his flag. He traveled around the world arguing for \"\"the brotherhood of man and the Fatherhood of God\"\". The Universal Peace Congress eventually came to adopt Kirk's flag as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19950051", "chunk_text": "\"Gilbert Baker (artist)\"\nactivism. That year he created the world's largest flag (at that time) in celebration of the 25th anniversary of the 1969 Stonewall Riots. In 2003, to commemorate the Rainbow Flag’s 25th anniversary, Baker created a Rainbow Flag that stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean in Key West. After the commemoration, he sent sections of this flag to more than 100 cities around the world. Due to his creation of the rainbow flag, Baker often used the drag queen name \"\"Busty Ross\"\", alluding to Betsy Ross. Baker died at home in his sleep on March 31, 2017", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1779542", "chunk_text": "\"John McConnell (peace activist)\"\nJohn McConnell (peace activist) John McConnell (March 22, 1915 – October 20, 2012) was the founder and creator of Earth Day, with a passion for peace, religion, and science throughout his life. He originated and promoted ideas to relieve human suffering and promote the common good. John McConnell was born on March 22, 1915 in Davis City, Iowa. He was the son of a traveling doctor. His first interest in the Earth began when he was born. In 1939 while partnering with Albert Nobell, a chemist, in the Nobell Research Laboratory in Los Angeles that built a factory for manufacture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10555769", "chunk_text": "\"Friends of the Earth (US)\"\nFriends of the Earth (US) Friends of the Earth U.S. is a non-governmental environmental organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. with an office in the David Brower Center in Berkeley, California. It was founded in 1969 by noted environmentalist David Brower. The president of the organization is noted environmental advocate Erich Pica. Friends of the Earth U.S.’ stated mission is to “defend the environment and champion a healthy and just world,” and lists its three guiding principles as sustainability, connectivity and systemic change. Friends of the Earth U.S. campaigns on issues including climate change, pollution, nuclear technology, genetic engineering, deforestation, pesticides,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3207	the length and direction of a straight line between two locations or positions?	n/a	[ "displacement" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13526435", "chunk_text": "Distance\nfrom a point \"\"A\"\" to a point \"\"B\"\" should be distinguished from the straight-line distance from \"\"A\"\" to \"\"B\"\". For example, whatever the distance covered during a round trip from \"\"A\"\" to \"\"B\"\" and back to \"\"A\"\", the displacement is zero as start and end points coincide. In general the straight-line distance does not equal distance travelled, except for journeys in a straight line. Directed distances can be determined along straight lines and along curved lines. Directed distances along straight lines are vectors that give the distance and direction between a starting point and an ending point. A directed distance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14656892", "chunk_text": "\"Distance between two straight lines\"\nDistance between two straight lines The distance between two straight lines in the plane is the minimum distance between any two points lying on the lines. In case of intersecting lines, the distance between them is zero, because the minimum distance between them is zero (at the point of intersection); whereas in case of two parallel lines, it is the perpendicular distance from a point on one line to the other line. Because the lines are parallel, the perpendicular distance between them is a constant, so it does not matter which point is chosen to measure the distance. Given the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12723059", "chunk_text": "\"Line and length\"\nLine and length Line and length in cricket refers to the direction and point of bouncing on the pitch of a delivery. The two concepts are frequently discussed together. The line of a delivery is the direction of its trajectory measured in the horizontal plane. More simply, it is a measure of how far to the left or right the ball is travelling, compared to a line drawn straight down the pitch. It is usually referred to in terms of the directions off (away in front of the batsman) and leg (in towards or behind the batsman), rather than left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "630611", "chunk_text": "\"Distance from a point to a line\"\nDistance from a point to a line The distance (or perpendicular distance) from a point to a line is the shortest distance from a fixed point to any point on a fixed infinite line in Euclidean geometry. It is the length of the line segment which joins the point to the line and is perpendicular to the line. The formula for calculating it can be derived and expressed in several ways. Knowing the shortest distance from a point to a line can be useful in various situations—for example, finding the shortest distance to reach a road, quantifying the scatter on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1363746", "chunk_text": "\"Line (geometry)\"\npoint on the line between its end points. Depending on how the line segment is defined, either of the two end points may or may not be part of the line segment. Two or more line segments may have some of the same relationships as lines, such as being parallel, intersecting, or skew, but unlike lines they may be none of these, if they are coplanar and either do not intersect or are collinear. The \"\"shortness\"\" and \"\"straightness\"\" of a line, interpreted as the property that the distance along the line between any two of its points is minimized (see", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19722125", "chunk_text": "Geodesic\nGeodesic In differential geometry, a geodesic () is a generalization of the notion of a \"\"straight line\"\" to \"\"curved spaces\"\". The term \"\"geodesic\"\" comes from \"\"geodesy\"\", the science of measuring the size and shape of Earth; in the original sense, a geodesic was the shortest route between two points on the Earth's surface, namely, a segment of a great circle. The term has been generalized to include measurements in much more general mathematical spaces; for example, in graph theory, one might consider a geodesic between two vertices/nodes of a graph. In the presence of an affine connection, a geodesic is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2287356", "chunk_text": "Geodesic\ncan be found in Geodesics serve as the basis to calculate: Geodesic In differential geometry, a geodesic () is a generalization of the notion of a \"\"straight line\"\" to \"\"curved spaces\"\". The term \"\"geodesic\"\" comes from \"\"geodesy\"\", the science of measuring the size and shape of Earth; in the original sense, a geodesic was the shortest route between two points on the Earth's surface, namely, a segment of a great circle. The term has been generalized to include measurements in much more general mathematical spaces; for example, in graph theory, one might consider a geodesic between two vertices/nodes of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1363722", "chunk_text": "\"Line (geometry)\"\nLine (geometry) The notion of line or straight line was introduced by ancient mathematicians to represent straight objects (i.e., having no curvature) with negligible width and depth. Lines are an idealization of such objects. Until the 17th century, lines were defined as the \"\"[…] first species of quantity, which has only one dimension, namely length, without any width nor depth, and is nothing else than the flow or run of the point which […] will leave from its imaginary moving some vestige in length, exempt of any width. […] The straight line is that which is equally extended between its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5262678", "chunk_text": "\"Angular distance\"\nAngular distance In mathematics (in particular geometry and trigonometry) and all natural sciences (e.g. astronomy and geophysics), the angular distance (angular separation, apparent distance, or apparent separation) between two point objects, as viewed from a location different from either of these objects, is the angle of length between the two directions originating from the observer and pointing toward these two objects. The term \"\"angular distance\"\" (or \"\"separation\"\") is technically synonymous with \"\"angle\"\" itself, but is meant to suggest the (often vast, unknown, or irrelevant) linear distance between these objects (for instance, stars as observed from Earth). Since the angular distance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10806252", "chunk_text": "\"Euclidean distance\"\nEuclidean distance In mathematics, the Euclidean distance or Euclidean metric is the \"\"ordinary\"\" straight-line distance between two points in Euclidean space. With this distance, Euclidean space becomes a metric space. The associated norm is called the Euclidean norm. Older literature refers to the metric as the Pythagorean metric. A generalized term for the Euclidean norm is the L norm or L distance. The Euclidean distance between points p and q is the length of the line segment connecting them (formula_1). In Cartesian coordinates, if p = (\"\"p\"\", \"\"p\"\"..., \"\"p\"\") and q = (\"\"q\"\", \"\"q\"\"..., \"\"q\"\") are two points in Euclidean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4162723", "chunk_text": "\"Baseline (surveying)\"\nBaseline (surveying) In surveying, a baseline is a line between two points on the earth's surface and the direction and distance between them. In a triangulation network, at least one baseline needs to be measured to calculate the size of the triangles by trigonometry. In the United States Public Land Survey System, a baseline is the principal east-west line (i.e., a parallel) upon which all rectangular surveys in a defined area are based. The baseline meets its corresponding principal meridian at the point of origin, or \"\"initial point\"\", for the land survey. For example, the baseline for Nebraska and Kansas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5444785", "chunk_text": "\"Cartesian coordinate system\"\nterms are more fully defined in calculus. Such graphs are useful in calculus to understand the nature and behavior of a function or relation. Cartesian coordinate system A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a set of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in the same unit of length. Each reference line is called a \"\"coordinate axis\"\" or just \"\"axis\"\" (plural \"\"axes\"\") of the system, and the point where they meet is its \"\"origin\"\", at ordered pair . The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4976904", "chunk_text": "Distance\nand \"\"B\"\" can indicate the sense, if the ordered sequence (\"\"A\"\", \"\"B\"\") is assumed, which implies that \"\"A\"\" is the starting point. A displacement (see above) is a special kind of directed distance defined in mechanics. A directed distance is called displacement when it is the distance along a straight line (minimum distance) from \"\"A\"\" and \"\"B\"\", and when \"\"A\"\" and \"\"B\"\" are positions occupied by the \"\"same particle\"\" at two \"\"different instants\"\" of time. This implies motion of the particle. The distance traveled by a particle must always be greater than or equal to its displacement, with equality occurring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "630613", "chunk_text": "\"Distance from a point to a line\"\nhas coordinates: Horizontal and vertical lines In the general equation of a line, \"\"ax\"\" + \"\"by\"\" + \"\"c\"\" = 0, \"\"a\"\" and \"\"b\"\" cannot both be zero unless \"\"c\"\" is also zero, in which case the equation does not define a line. If \"\"a\"\" = 0 and \"\"b\"\" 0, the line is horizontal and has equation \"\"y\"\" = -\"\"c\"\"/\"\"b\"\". The distance from (\"\"x\"\", \"\"y\"\") to this line is measured along a vertical line segment of length \|\"\"y\"\" - (-\"\"c\"\"/\"\"b\"\")\| = \|\"\"by\"\" + \"\"c\"\"\| / \|\"\"b\"\"\| in accordance with the formula. Similarly, for vertical lines (\"\"b\"\" = 0) the distance between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4976903", "chunk_text": "Distance\ngiven time. For instance, the distance from the center of gravity of the Earth \"\"A\"\" and the center of gravity of the Moon \"\"B\"\" (which does not strictly imply motion from \"\"A\"\" to \"\"B\"\") falls into this category. A directed distance along a curved line is not a vector and is represented by a segment of that curved line defined by endpoints \"\"A\"\" and \"\"B\"\", with some specific information indicating the sense (or direction) of an ideal or real motion from one endpoint of the segment to the other (see figure). For instance, just labelling the two endpoints as \"\"A\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14166841", "chunk_text": "\"Position (vector)\"\nPosition (vector) In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents the position of a point \"\"P\"\" in space in relation to an arbitrary reference origin \"\"O\"\". Usually denoted x, r, or s, it corresponds to the straight-line from \"\"O\"\" to \"\"P\"\". In other words, it is the displacement or translation that maps the origin to \"\"P\"\": The term \"\"position vector\"\" is used mostly in the fields of differential geometry, mechanics and occasionally vector calculus. Frequently this is used in two-dimensional or three-dimensional space, but can be easily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17042057", "chunk_text": "\"Secant line\"\nSecant line In geometry, a secant of a curve is a line that intersects the curve in at least two (distinct) points. The word \"\"secant\"\" comes from the Latin word \"\"secare\"\", meaning \"\"to cut\"\". In the case of a circle, a secant will intersect the circle in exactly two points and a chord is the line segment determined by these two points, that is the interval on a secant whose endpoints are these points. A straight line can intersect a circle in two, one or zero points. A line intersecting in two points is called a \"\"secant line\"\", in one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13621132", "chunk_text": "\"Baseline (surveying)\"\nborder. It is, therefore equivalent to the \"\"standard parallel\"\" in the US system. In Ontario, a baseline forms a straight line parallel a geographical feature (mostly a lake, especially Lake Ontario or Lake Erie) that serves as a reference line for surveying a grid of property lots. The result of this surveying is the concession road and sideline system in use today. Baseline (surveying) In surveying, a baseline is a line between two points on the earth's surface and the direction and distance between them. In a triangulation network, at least one baseline needs to be measured to calculate the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10938144", "chunk_text": "\"Coastline paradox\"\nmeasure it within a certain degree of uncertainty. The more accurate the measurement device, the closer results will be to the true length of the edge. When measuring a coastline, however, the issue is that the result does not increase in accuracy for an increase in measurement —it only increases; unlike with the metal bar, there is no way to obtain a maximum value for the length of the coastline. The basic concept of length originates from Euclidean distance. In Euclidean geometry, a straight line represents the shortest distance between two points. This line has only one length. On the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4562543", "chunk_text": "\"Angular distance\"\nand declination (dec), formula_7, the angular distance between the two points can be calculated as, Angular distance In mathematics (in particular geometry and trigonometry) and all natural sciences (e.g. astronomy and geophysics), the angular distance (angular separation, apparent distance, or apparent separation) between two point objects, as viewed from a location different from either of these objects, is the angle of length between the two directions originating from the observer and pointing toward these two objects. The term \"\"angular distance\"\" (or \"\"separation\"\") is technically synonymous with \"\"angle\"\" itself, but is meant to suggest the (often vast, unknown, or irrelevant) linear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13526449", "chunk_text": "Distance\nsupremum, for a point ranging over one set, of the distance between the point and the set, and the other value being likewise defined but with the roles of the two sets swapped. In graph theory the distance between two vertices is the length of the shortest path between those vertices. Distance Distance is a numerical measurement of how far apart objects are. In physics or everyday usage, distance may refer to a physical length or an estimation based on other criteria (e.g. \"\"two counties over\"\"). In most cases, \"\"distance from A to B\"\" is interchangeable with \"\"distance from B", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20124767", "chunk_text": "\"Number line\"\nlength 6, 2 goes into 6 three times (that is, 6 ÷ 2 = 3). The section of the number line between two numbers is called an interval. If the section includes both numbers it is said to be a closed interval, while if it excludes both numbers it is called an open interval. If it includes one of the numbers but not the other one, it is called a half-open interval. All the points extending forever in one direction from a particular point are together known as a ray. If the ray includes the particular point, it is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6251093", "chunk_text": "Tangent\nof straight lines (secant lines) passing through two points, \"\"A\"\" and \"\"B\"\", those that lie on the function curve. The tangent at \"\"A\"\" is the limit when point \"\"B\"\" approximates or tends to \"\"A\"\". The existence and uniqueness of the tangent line depends on a certain type of mathematical smoothness, known as \"\"differentiability.\"\" For example, if two circular arcs meet at a sharp point (a vertex) then there is no uniquely defined tangent at the vertex because the limit of the progression of secant lines depends on the direction in which \"\"point \"\"B\"\"\"\" approaches the vertex. At most points, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14656893", "chunk_text": "\"Distance between two straight lines\"\nequations of two non-vertical parallel lines the distance between the two lines is the distance between the two intersection points of these lines with the perpendicular line This distance can be found by first solving the linear systems and to get the coordinates of the intersection points. The solutions to the linear systems are the points and The distance between the points is which reduces to When the lines are given by the distance between them can be expressed as Distance between two straight lines The distance between two straight lines in the plane is the minimum distance between any", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4040198", "chunk_text": "\"Plane sailing\"\nthe parallel through the destination, and the course line form a right triangle in a plane, called the \"\"plane sailing triangle\"\". The expressions \"\"plane sailing\"\" (or more commonly \"\"plain sailing\"\") has, by analogy, taken on a more general meaning of any activity that is relatively straightforward. Plane sailing Plane sailing (also, colloquially and historically, spelled plain sailing) is an approximate method of navigation over small ranges of latitude and longitude. With the course and distance known, the difference in latitude Δ\"\"φ\"\" between \"\"A\"\" and \"\"B\"\" can be found, as well as the departure, the distance made good east or west.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17717514", "chunk_text": "\"Line coordinates\"\nis the distance from the origin to this perpendicular, and \"\"d\"\" is the length of the segment between reference and the given line. The motions of the line geometry are described with linear fractional transformations on the appropriate complex planes. Line coordinates In geometry, line coordinates are used to specify the position of a line just as point coordinates (or simply coordinates) are used to specify the position of a point. There are several possible ways to specify the position of a line in the plane. A simple way is by the pair where the equation of the line is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2744333", "chunk_text": "\"Displacement (vector)\"\nDisplacement (vector) A displacement is a vector whose length is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P. It quantifies both the distance and direction of an imaginary motion along a straight line from the initial position to the final position of the point. A displacement may be identified with the translation that maps the initial position to the final position. A displacement may be also described as a 'relative position': the final position of a point (x) relative to its initial position (x), and a displacement vector can be mathematically defined as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13526430", "chunk_text": "Distance\nDistance Distance is a numerical measurement of how far apart objects are. In physics or everyday usage, distance may refer to a physical length or an estimation based on other criteria (e.g. \"\"two counties over\"\"). In most cases, \"\"distance from A to B\"\" is interchangeable with \"\"distance from B to A\"\". In mathematics, a distance function or metric is a generalization of the concept of physical distance. A metric is a function that behaves according to a specific set of rules, and is a way of describing what it means for elements of some space to be \"\"close to\"\" or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3483173", "chunk_text": "\"Great-circle distance\"\nGreat-circle distance The great-circle distance or orthodromic distance is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere, measured along the surface of the sphere (as opposed to a straight line through the sphere's interior). The distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of a straight line between them, but on the sphere there are no straight lines. In spaces with curvature, straight lines are replaced by geodesics. Geodesics on the sphere are circles on the sphere whose centers coincide with the center of the sphere, and are called \"\"great circles\"\". The determination of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5660415", "chunk_text": "\"Introduction to general relativity\"\nis the following: In geodesy, the science of measuring Earth's size and shape, a geodesic (from Greek \"\"geo\"\", Earth, and \"\"daiein\"\", to divide) is the shortest route between two points on the Earth's surface. Approximately, such a route is a segment of a great circle, such as a line of longitude or the equator. These paths are certainly not straight, simply because they must follow the curvature of the Earth's surface. But they are as straight as is possible subject to this constraint. The properties of geodesics differ from those of straight lines. For example, on a plane, parallel lines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5935063", "chunk_text": "Perpendicular\nexemplified by the \"\"x, y\"\", and \"\"z\"\" axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Perpendicular In elementary geometry, the property of being perpendicular (perpendicularity) is the relationship between two lines which meet at a right angle (90 degrees). The property extends to other related geometric objects. A line is said to be perpendicular to another line if the two lines intersect at a right angle. Explicitly, a first line is perpendicular to a second line if (1) the two lines meet; and (2) at the point of intersection the straight angle on one side of the first line is cut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16732882", "chunk_text": "Linearity\nfoot\"\" refers to the number of feet in a straight line of material (such as lumber or fabric) generally without regard to the width. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as \"\"lineal feet\"\"; however, \"\"lineal\"\" is typically reserved for usage when referring to ancestry or heredity. The words \"\"linear\"\" & \"\"lineal\"\" both descend from the same root meaning, the Latin word for line, which is \"\"linea\"\". Linearity Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship or function which means that it can be graphically represented as a straight line. Examples are the relationship of voltage and current across a resistor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3652946", "chunk_text": "\"Vertical position\"\nthe ground or a building. Certain vertical coordinates are not based on length, for example, geopotential numbers. Vertical position Vertical position or vertical location is a position along a vertical direction above or below a given vertical datum. Vertical distance or vertical separation is the distance between two vertical positions. Many vertical coordinates exist for expressing vertical position: depth, height, altitude, elevation, etc. Each quantity may be expressed in various units: metres, feet, etc. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), more specifically ISO 19111, offers the following two definitions: ISO 6709 (2008 version) makes the following additional definition: The International", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13526443", "chunk_text": "Distance\nintegral (D) represents the length of this trajectory. The distance is the minimal value of this integral and is obtained when formula_7 where formula_8 is the optimal trajectory. In the familiar Euclidean case (the above integral) this optimal trajectory is simply a straight line. It is well known that the shortest path between two points is a straight line. Straight lines can formally be obtained by solving the Euler–Lagrange equations for the above functional. In non-Euclidean manifolds (curved spaces) where the nature of the space is represented by a metric tensor formula_9 the integrand has to be modified to formula_10,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10568139", "chunk_text": "Collinearity\nCollinearity In geometry, collinearity of a set of points is the property of their lying on a single line. A set of points with this property is said to be collinear (sometimes spelled as colinear). In greater generality, the term has been used for aligned objects, that is, things being \"\"in a line\"\" or \"\"in a row\"\". In any geometry, the set of points on a line are said to be collinear. In Euclidean geometry this relation is intuitively visualized by points lying in a row on a \"\"straight line\"\". However, in most geometries (including Euclidean) a line is typically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1598911", "chunk_text": "\"Contour line\"\ndynamics and in geomagnetics, the terms \"\"isocline\"\" and \"\"isoclinic line\"\" have specific meanings which are described below. A curve of equidistant points is a set of points all at the same distance from a given point, line, or polyline. In this case the function whose value is being held constant along a contour line is a distance function. In geography, the word \"\"isopleth\"\" (from or \"\"plethos\"\", meaning 'quantity') is used for contour lines that depict a variable which cannot be measured at a point, but which instead must be calculated from data collected over an area. An example is population", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19210890", "chunk_text": "Headway\nHeadway Headway is a measurement of the distance or time between vehicles in a transit system. The \"\"minimum headway\"\" is the shortest such distance or time achievable by a system without a reduction in the speed of vehicles. The precise definition varies depending on the application, but it is most commonly measured as the distance from the tip of one vehicle to the tip of the next one behind it. It can be expressed as the distance between vehicles, or as time it will take for the trailing vehicle to cover that distance. A \"\"shorter\"\" headway signifies closer spacing between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10820890", "chunk_text": "Headway\nHeadway Headway is a measurement of the distance or time between vehicles in a transit system. The \"\"minimum headway\"\" is the shortest such distance or time achievable by a system without a reduction in the speed of vehicles. The precise definition varies depending on the application, but it is most commonly measured as the distance from the tip of one vehicle to the tip of the next one behind it. It can be expressed as the distance between vehicles, or as time it will take for the trailing vehicle to cover that distance. A \"\"shorter\"\" headway signifies closer spacing between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6567462", "chunk_text": "\"Line (geometry)\"\ntriangle inequality), can be generalized and leads to the concept of geodesics in metric spaces. Line (geometry) The notion of line or straight line was introduced by ancient mathematicians to represent straight objects (i.e., having no curvature) with negligible width and depth. Lines are an idealization of such objects. Until the 17th century, lines were defined as the \"\"[…] first species of quantity, which has only one dimension, namely length, without any width nor depth, and is nothing else than the flow or run of the point which […] will leave from its imaginary moving some vestige in length, exempt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6353783", "chunk_text": "\"Vertical position\"\nVertical position Vertical position or vertical location is a position along a vertical direction above or below a given vertical datum. Vertical distance or vertical separation is the distance between two vertical positions. Many vertical coordinates exist for expressing vertical position: depth, height, altitude, elevation, etc. Each quantity may be expressed in various units: metres, feet, etc. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), more specifically ISO 19111, offers the following two definitions: ISO 6709 (2008 version) makes the following additional definition: The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) offers similar definitions: ICAO further defines: I.e., elevation would be the altitude of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17546919", "chunk_text": "\"Straight (racing)\"\nare often located on the longest straight on the circuit. A notable exception is the 6 km Mulsanne Straight at Le Mans, which is at the opposite side of the circuit. In the United States the home straight in athletics, and also the straight part of a motor racing track, is sometimes referred to as a \"\"straightaway\"\". Straight (racing) In many forms of racing, the straight is those parts of the race track in which the competitors travel in a straight line for any significant time, as opposed to a bend. The term is used in horse racing, motor racing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9994274", "chunk_text": "Waypoint\nWaypoint A waypoint is an intermediate point or place on a route or line of travel, a stopping point or point at which course is changed, first use of the term tracing to 1880. In modern terms, it most often refers to coordinates which specify one's position on the globe at the end of each \"\"leg\"\" (stage) of an air flight or sea passage, the generation and checking of which are generally done computationally (with a computer or other programmed device). Hence, the term connotes a reference point in physical space, most often associated with navigation, especially in the sea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10806253", "chunk_text": "\"Euclidean distance\"\n\"\"n\"\"-space, then the distance (d) from p to q, or from q to p is given by the Pythagorean formula: The position of a point in a Euclidean \"\"n\"\"-space is a Euclidean vector. So, p and q may be represented as Euclidean vectors, starting from the origin of the space (initial point) with their tips (terminal points) ending at the two points. The Euclidean norm, or Euclidean length, or magnitude of a vector measures the length of the vector: where the last expression involves the dot product. Describing a vector as a directed line segment from the origin of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15972749", "chunk_text": "Speed\nas the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity formula_6, that is, the derivative of the position formula_7 with respect to time: If formula_9 is the length of the path (also known as the distance) travelled until time formula_4, the speed equals the time derivative of formula_9: In the special case where the velocity is constant (that is, constant speed in a straight line), this can be simplified to formula_13. The average speed over a finite time interval is the total distance travelled divided by the time duration. Different from instantaneous speed, \"\"average speed\"\" is defined as the total distance covered divided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16580606", "chunk_text": "\"Point plotting\"\nof perpendicular lines, called the \"\"x\"\" and \"\"y\"\" axes, as well as a preferred direction on each of the lines. Usually one chooses the \"\"x\"\" axis pointing right and the \"\"y\"\" axis pointing up, and these will be named the \"\"positive\"\" directions. Also, one picks a segment in the plane which is declared to be of unit length. Using rotated versions of this segment, one can measure distances along the \"\"x\"\" and \"\"y\"\" axes. Having the origin and the axes in place, given a pair (\"\"x\"\", \"\"y\"\") of real numbers, one considers the point on the \"\"x\"\" axis at distance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5444737", "chunk_text": "\"Cartesian coordinate system\"\nCartesian coordinate system A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a set of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in the same unit of length. Each reference line is called a \"\"coordinate axis\"\" or just \"\"axis\"\" (plural \"\"axes\"\") of the system, and the point where they meet is its \"\"origin\"\", at ordered pair . The coordinates can also be defined as the positions of the perpendicular projections of the point onto the two axes, expressed as signed distances from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10806255", "chunk_text": "\"Euclidean distance\"\nspace it can be regarded as the position of q relative to p. It may also be called a displacement vector if p and q represent two positions of some moving point. The Euclidean distance between p and q is just the Euclidean length of this displacement vector: which is equivalent to equation 1, and also to: In the context of Euclidean geometry, a metric is established in one dimension by fixing two points on a line, and choosing one to be the origin. The length of the line segment between these points defines the unit of distance and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17876011", "chunk_text": "\"Length between perpendiculars\"\nLength between perpendiculars Length between perpendiculars (often abbreviated as p/p, p.p., pp, LPP, LBP or Length BPP) is the length of a ship along the waterline from the forward surface of the stem, or main bow perpendicular member, to the after surface of the sternpost, or main stern perpendicular member. When there is no sternpost, the centerline axis of the rudder stock is used as the aft end of the length between perpendiculars. Measuring to the stern post or rudder stock was believed to give a reasonable idea of the ship's carrying capacity, as it excluded the small, often unusable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "199495", "chunk_text": "\"Line and length\"\nin danger of being out either bowled or leg before wicket. Another attacking ploy is to pitch a ball very short, making it bounce up around head height as it passes the batsman. Such a bouncer requires the batsman to avoid being hit, and may intimidate him into uncertainty about the next few balls. Line and length Line and length in cricket refers to the direction and point of bouncing on the pitch of a delivery. The two concepts are frequently discussed together. The line of a delivery is the direction of its trajectory measured in the horizontal plane. More", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3483181", "chunk_text": "\"Great-circle distance\"\napply to a limited area). Using the mean earth radius, formula_21 (for the WGS84 ellipsoid) means that in the limit of small flattening, the mean square relative error in the estimates for distance is minimized. Great-circle distance The great-circle distance or orthodromic distance is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere, measured along the surface of the sphere (as opposed to a straight line through the sphere's interior). The distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of a straight line between them, but on the sphere there are no straight lines. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3208	who played nathan scott on one tree hill?	n/a	[ "James Martin Lafferty" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16178032", "chunk_text": "\"James Lafferty\"\nJames Lafferty James Martin Lafferty (born July 25, 1985) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his portrayal of Nathan Scott on The CW teen drama television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" from 2003 to 2012. Lafferty was born in Hemet, California to Angelica and Jeffrey Lafferty, who own a local construction company. He has a younger brother, actor Stuart Lafferty. Having worked as an uncredited extra on television shows including \"\"Beverly Hills, 90210\"\" and \"\"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\"\", Lafferty received his first significant acting role in a school play when he was ten years old.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13018664", "chunk_text": "\"James Lafferty\"\nsuch an intimate setting with fans.\"\" James Lafferty James Martin Lafferty (born July 25, 1985) is an American actor, director and producer. He is best known for his portrayal of Nathan Scott on The CW teen drama television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" from 2003 to 2012. Lafferty was born in Hemet, California to Angelica and Jeffrey Lafferty, who own a local construction company. He has a younger brother, actor Stuart Lafferty. Having worked as an uncredited extra on television shows including \"\"Beverly Hills, 90210\"\" and \"\"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\"\", Lafferty received his first significant acting role in a school play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18370086", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Scott\"\nNathan Scott Nathan Royal Scott is a fictional character from the CW television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", portrayed by James Lafferty. Following Lucas Scott's departure, Nathan has become the main character and central figure of the show. Nathan is Lucas's younger half-brother. He fell in love with Lucas's best friend, Haley James; despite various problems in their relationship, the couple was eventually married and had a son, Jamie, in season four and a daughter, Lydia, in season eight. Considered to be an anti-hero at the beginning of the first season, Nathan became a much friendlier and more caring person as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7092215", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Scott\"\nand kids) but his mistakes made him fall short of. BuddyTV ranked him #12 in its list of the \"\"15 TV's Hottest Dads\"\" but was described as not the best father for initially ignoring his family after his accident, though he does redeem himself afterwards. Nathan Scott Nathan Royal Scott is a fictional character from the CW television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", portrayed by James Lafferty. Following Lucas Scott's departure, Nathan has become the main character and central figure of the show. Nathan is Lucas's younger half-brother. He fell in love with Lucas's best friend, Haley James; despite various problems", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16541533", "chunk_text": "\"One Tree Hill (TV series)\"\nOne Tree Hill (TV series) One Tree Hill is an American television drama series created by Mark Schwahn, which premiered on September 23, 2003, on The WB. After the series' third season, The WB merged with UPN to form The CW, and from September 27, 2006, the series was broadcast by The CW in the United States until the end of its run in 2012. The show is set in the fictional town of Tree Hill in North Carolina and initially follows the lives of two half-brothers, Lucas Scott (Chad Michael Murray) and Nathan Scott (James Lafferty), who compete for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16178033", "chunk_text": "\"James Lafferty\"\nLafferty attended Hemet High School (where he played on the school's basketball team) until 2003, after which he enrolled at California State University, Long Beach. At age eighteen, he moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, having been cast as Nathan Scott in \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". In 1997, at age twelve, Lafferty made his small-screen acting debut with a voice-over role in the made-for-television film \"\"Annabelle's Wish\"\". Lafferty has since made guest appearances on television series' such as \"\"Once and Again\"\", \"\"Get Real\"\", and \"\"Boston Public\"\". In 2002, Lafferty starred in the ESPN made-for-television film \"\"A Season on the Brink\"\", an adaptation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15783671", "chunk_text": "\"Chad Michael Murray\"\nChad Michael Murray Chad Michael Murray (born August 24, 1981) is an American actor, spokesperson, writer and former fashion model. He is known for portraying Lucas Scott in The WB/CW drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" from 2003 to 2012, and for his portrayal of war veteran and SSR agent Jack Thompson in the Marvel/ABC series \"\"Agent Carter\"\". He has had starring roles in the films \"\"Freaky Friday\"\" (2003), \"\"A Cinderella Story\"\" (2004), and \"\"House of Wax\"\" (2005). Popular among teenagers and young adults in the early 2000s, he has been featured on the covers of numerous magazines, including \"\"People\"\", \"\"Vanity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "118351", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Scott\"\naspirations. Specifically regarding the character's impact on female viewers, \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" stated that his soulful eyes contributed to the show's success. Chad Michael Murray was the first person to be cast for \"\"One Tree Hill.\"\" The producers were originally unsure as to who Murray would play. Series creator Mark Schwahn wanted him to play the character of Nathan Scott since Murray had played a bad guy several times before, and he felt it was only natural to give him this role. Murray, however, wanted to portray Lucas due to a connection he felt with the character. He felt that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8587076", "chunk_text": "\"4 Years, 6 Months, 2 Days\"\naway at college. Nathan Scott (James Lafferty) is paralyzed and bitter after his dreams of playing professional basketball were crushed in a bar fight. Haley James Scott (Bethany Joy Galeotti), now a teacher, raises her son Jamie (Jackson Brundage), while her husband Nathan struggles with his problems. Peyton Sawyer (Hilarie Burton) quits her job and returns to Tree Hill. Brooke Davis (Sophia Bush) a well-known fashion designer is struggling to get along with her bossy CEO Victoria (Daphne Zuniga). Victoria tells the limo driver to drop Brooke's date Nick (Johann Urb) off as soon as they have been photographed together.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16914828", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Johansson\"\nHill (titled \"\"Danny Boy\"\", in which Paul's character Dan Scott dies) was dedicated to her memory. His brother Pete Johansson is a well known comedian, writer and actor currently living in London, England. He has a son named Quinn. Paul Johansson Paul Joseph Otto Johansson (born January 26, 1964) is an American-Canadian actor and director in film and television, best known for playing Dan Scott on the WB/CW series, \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", and for his role as Nick Wolfe on the short lived \"\"\"\" spin-off \"\"\"\". He directed the 2011 film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel, \"\"\"\". Paul Johansson was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9513981", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Johansson\"\nPaul Johansson Paul Joseph Otto Johansson (born January 26, 1964) is an American-Canadian actor and director in film and television, best known for playing Dan Scott on the WB/CW series, \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", and for his role as Nick Wolfe on the short lived \"\"\"\" spin-off \"\"\"\". He directed the 2011 film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel, \"\"\"\". Paul Johansson was born in Spokane, Washington, the son of ice hockey player Earl Johnson, but raised in Kelowna, British Columbia He was an athlete like his father and played for the Canadian Olympic Basketball Team and for the University of British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "118350", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Scott\"\nLucas Scott Lucas Eugene Scott is a fictional character and the main protagonist from The WB/CW television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", portrayed by Chad Michael Murray. Lucas is a talented basketball player and writer. He is rival to half-brother Nathan Scott, before the two eventually become close friends. While striving for his dreams, he must balance his tumultuous relationships with his father, Dan Scott, and the two women enveloping his love life, Peyton Sawyer and Brooke Davis. The character has been described as popular among teenagers and young adults, not only for his skill at basketball but for his romantic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2719641", "chunk_text": "\"Bethany Joy Lenz\"\nBethany Joy Lenz Bethany Joy Lenz (formerly Galeotti; born April 2, 1981), also known as Joie Lenz and Joy Lenz, is an American actress, singer-songwriter and filmmaker. She is best known for her portrayal of Haley James Scott on The WB/CW television drama \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". She also starred as Michelle Bauer Santos on the CBS Daytime soap opera \"\"Guiding Light\"\", and is recognized for her music as a solo artist and as a member of the band Everly. While on a trip to Los Angeles, Lenz landed her first professional job in a commercial for dolls from the teen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14792268", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Sheffer\"\nCraig Sheffer Craig Eric Sheffer (born April 23, 1960) is an American film and television actor. He is known for his leading roles as Norman Maclean in the film \"\"A River Runs Through It\"\", Aaron Boone in the film \"\"Nightbreed\"\", and Keith Scott on the television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". Sheffer was born in York, Pennsylvania. His father worked as a prison guard. Before becoming successful as an actor, Sheffer sold newspapers and \"\"slept under the marble staircase\"\" in Grand Central Terminal for weeks while living off Unification Church spaghetti dinners.\"\" Sheffer was first seen on a nationwide basis as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2719661", "chunk_text": "\"Bethany Joy Lenz\"\nthat has been recorded. Bethany Joy Lenz Bethany Joy Lenz (formerly Galeotti; born April 2, 1981), also known as Joie Lenz and Joy Lenz, is an American actress, singer-songwriter and filmmaker. She is best known for her portrayal of Haley James Scott on The WB/CW television drama \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". She also starred as Michelle Bauer Santos on the CBS Daytime soap opera \"\"Guiding Light\"\", and is recognized for her music as a solo artist and as a member of the band Everly. While on a trip to Los Angeles, Lenz landed her first professional job in a commercial for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13018660", "chunk_text": "\"James Lafferty\"\nof the book of the same name by John Feinstein. The film centered on the 1985–86 season of Indiana University's college basketball team. In 2003, Lafferty was cast in his breakout role of Nathan Scott on The WB/The CW teen drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". The series follows two estranged half-brothers, Nathan and Lucas Scott, who are put on the same basketball team, jeopardizing Nathan's position as the star player. In May 2011, The CW renewed the series for a ninth and final season, for which Lafferty chose to return on a recurring basis rather than in a full-time starring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18951268", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Paevey\"\nand outdoor gear. He has a motorcycle that he named \"\"Lilith.\"\" In July 2015, Paevey was involved in a motorcycle accident that left him with a shattered wrist. Ryan Paevey Ryan Jacob Paevey-Vlieger (born September 24, 1984), better known as Ryan Paevey, is an American model and actor, best known for his role as Nathan West on the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\". Paevey was born in Torrance, California and was raised in Los Angeles as the son of Les Vlieger and Linda Paevey. He has a younger sister Kaitlyn, with whom he is very close. Paevey ran track and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7092147", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Scott\"\nthe series progressed, due to his relationships with Haley and Lucas. The writers originally wanted Chad Michael Murray to play Nathan, but he chose to portray Lucas as his mother had abandoned him, which helped him relate to the character. James Lafferty was subsequently cast, as he was a talented basketball player. In the beginning, the character of \"\"Nathan\"\" was described as \"\"cocky and an academically-challenged high school junior\"\". In an interview Lafferty mentioned his thoughts on Nathan and Haley's unlikely relationship, \"\"I think, to start with, the likelihood of the situation, of Nathan and Haley coming together, was so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17556270", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Paevey\"\nRyan Paevey Ryan Jacob Paevey-Vlieger (born September 24, 1984), better known as Ryan Paevey, is an American model and actor, best known for his role as Nathan West on the ABC soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\". Paevey was born in Torrance, California and was raised in Los Angeles as the son of Les Vlieger and Linda Paevey. He has a younger sister Kaitlyn, with whom he is very close. Paevey ran track and cross country in high school. His hobbies include video games, surfing—which he did with his dad as a child—and cooking, and his favorite food is sushi. Peavey makes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "229003", "chunk_text": "\"One Tree Hill (season 5)\"\n4 featured the Scott family, consisting of Bethany Joy Galeotti's character, Haley James Scott and James Lafferty's character, Nathan Scott. The sixth and last diary, posted on December 11, featured all the new faces of the show, commented by Mark Schwahn, Joe Davola, the six main teens and the above listed new faces (minus Jamie). The season opening to 3.36 million viewers and a 1.5 adults 18-49 rating. Episode two aired back-to-back with the season premiere and achieved season highs in viewers (3.57 m) and adults 18-49 (1.6). The season finale matched season highs in adults 18-49 with a 1.6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19212913", "chunk_text": "\"Jackson Brundage\"\nJackson Brundage Jackson Timothy Brundage (born January 21, 2001) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Jamie Scott on The CW's \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", a role he held from 2008 until the series's conclusion in 2012. Brundage was in the Nick at Nite sitcom, \"\"See Dad Run\"\" starring Scott Baio which lasted from 2012 to 2015. He was the first voice of Foo in the \"\"Nickelodeon\"\" series \"\"Harvey Beaks\"\" before being replaced by Tom Robinson. He has performed in film, television, and voice over. He played Charlie Allan Smith in \"\"Lime Salted Love\"\". He also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2719646", "chunk_text": "\"Bethany Joy Lenz\"\nMichael Murray, and wife of Nathan Scott, portrayed by James Lafferty. During her time on \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", Lenz was also offered the role of Belle in \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\" when it was still in production on Broadway, but turned it down due to scheduling conflicts. Lenz appeared in an episode of \"\"Life Unexpected\"\" alongside Kate Voegele as part of a crossover-event between \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" and \"\"Life Unexpected\"\". In the sixth season, Lenz made her directorial debut. She initially approached producer Greg Prange in 2007 with the idea of directing but was not given the opportunity to do", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14721878", "chunk_text": "\"Michaela McManus\"\nMichaela McManus Michaela McManus (born May 20, 1983) is an American actress, known for her portrayals of Lindsey Strauss on the television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" and A.D.A. Kim Greylek on \"\"\"\". She played Grace on the NBC drama \"\"Aquarius\"\" with David Duchovny. McManus, a Warwick, Rhode Island, native, daughter of James \"\"Jim\"\" and Patricia McManus of Warwick, Kent County, Rhode Island, graduated from Fordham University, attended NYU's graduate acting program before leaving to pursue her career in Los Angeles. In 2008, she joined the cast of \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" during its fifth season, playing Lucas Scott's (Chad Michael Murray)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10824169", "chunk_text": "\"Jackson Brundage\"\nvoiced Pablo in \"\"Einstein Pals\"\". Jackson Brundage was born in Los Angeles, California. He is the middle child of three and has an older sister and a younger brother. His pastimes are basketball, driving, and hanging out with his best friends. He is 5’1” tall Jackson Brundage Jackson Timothy Brundage (born January 21, 2001) is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Jamie Scott on The CW's \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", a role he held from 2008 until the series's conclusion in 2012. Brundage was in the Nick at Nite sitcom, \"\"See Dad Run\"\" starring Scott Baio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11430961", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Bryant\"\nAustralian-born actress and personal trainer Kirsty Hinchcliffe. They have a daughter born in August 2008 and, as of July 2010, live in Santa Monica, California. They also have a son, born in 2015. Lucas Bryant Lucas Bryant (born September 28, 1978) is a Canadian-American actor. Bryant is most well known for his role as Nathan Wuornos in the Syfy TV channel series \"\"Haven\"\" (2010–2015). Bryant was born in Elmira, Ontario, Canada to Susan Hodges Bryant and M. Darrol Bryant he currently has dual Canadian and U.S. citizenship. His father is from North Dakota. His mother was also born and raised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8620389", "chunk_text": "\"Brett Claywell\"\nBrett Claywell Brett Quillen Claywell (born April 11, 1978) is an American actor best known for playing the roles of Tim Smith on The CW series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", and Kyle Lewis on the ABC soap opera \"\"One Life to Live\"\". Brett Claywell is most well known for his portrayal of young medical student Kyle Lewis on ABC’s long-running daytime series, \"\"One Life to Live\"\". He earned critical acclaim and national recognition, as well as a GLAAD award, for his turn as one of daytime’s most talked about actors of 2010. Claywell began acting at a young age, starting his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13819460", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (One Tree Hill)\"\nThe Ravens' team wins, thanks to Nathan Scott's (James Lafferty) final shot. Elsewhere, Nathan's half-brother Lucas Scott is playing basketball with three friends. Nathan and Lucas share the same father, Dan Scott (Paul Johansson), but they live apart: it is suggested that Dan abandoned Lucas and his mother, Karen Roe (Moira Kelly) when Lucas was born, preferring to marry Deb Scott (Barbara Alyn Woods), with whom he had Nathan. Nathan and his team are busted for stealing a school bus. Even though Nathan was driving, his father, Dan, manages to bail him out of trouble, as usual, while other players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15274350", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Bryant\"\nLucas Bryant Lucas Bryant (born September 28, 1978) is a Canadian-American actor. Bryant is most well known for his role as Nathan Wuornos in the Syfy TV channel series \"\"Haven\"\" (2010–2015). Bryant was born in Elmira, Ontario, Canada to Susan Hodges Bryant and M. Darrol Bryant he currently has dual Canadian and U.S. citizenship. His father is from North Dakota. His mother was also born and raised in the United States. He is of Finnish descent. Bryant graduated from Elmira District Secondary School and studied acting at Sheridan College in Oakville, Ontario. He was the star of the short-lived UPN", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1792706", "chunk_text": "\"Cullen Moss\"\nCullen Moss Cullen Moss is an American film, television and voice actor. He is best known for his roles on \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" and \"\"The Notebook\"\". He attended Mount Tabor High School in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Moss has portrayed a variety of supporting roles, his most notable television roles are Junk on \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", Officer Gorman on \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", and Joey on \"\"Resurrection\"\". Moss's film work includes \"\"The Notebook\"\", \"\"Dear John\"\", \"\"The Conspirator\"\", and \"\"Times Like Dying\"\" Moss has provided the English-version voice for a few Japanese anime such as \"\"You're Under Arrest\"\" and its motion picture version.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1792705", "chunk_text": "\"Cullen Moss\"\nCullen Moss Cullen Moss is an American film, television and voice actor. He is best known for his roles on \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" and \"\"The Notebook\"\". He attended Mount Tabor High School in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Moss has portrayed a variety of supporting roles, his most notable television roles are Junk on \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", Officer Gorman on \"\"The Walking Dead\"\", and Joey on \"\"Resurrection\"\". Moss's film work includes \"\"The Notebook\"\", \"\"Dear John\"\", \"\"The Conspirator\"\", and \"\"Times Like Dying\"\" Moss has provided the English-version voice for a few Japanese anime such as \"\"You're Under Arrest\"\" and its motion picture version.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9678987", "chunk_text": "\"Bryan Greenberg\"\nBryan Greenberg Bryan Greenberg (born May 24, 1978) is an American actor and singer, known for his starring role as Ben Epstein in the HBO original series \"\"How to Make It in America\"\" as well as a recurring role as Jake Jagielski in the WB series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" and as Nick Garrett on the short-lived ABC drama \"\"October Road\"\". His film work includes \"\"The Perfect Score\"\", \"\"Prime\"\", \"\"Nobel Son\"\", \"\"Bride Wars\"\", \"\"The Good Guy\"\", \"\"Friends with Benefits\"\", and \"\"A Short History of Decay\"\". Greenberg was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Denise \"\"Denny\"\" (born 1951) and Carl Greenberg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8620392", "chunk_text": "\"Brett Claywell\"\nMichael Angarano. Claywell has two older siblings: a brother, Christopher, and a sister, Traci. Brett Claywell Brett Quillen Claywell (born April 11, 1978) is an American actor best known for playing the roles of Tim Smith on The CW series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", and Kyle Lewis on the ABC soap opera \"\"One Life to Live\"\". Brett Claywell is most well known for his portrayal of young medical student Kyle Lewis on ABC’s long-running daytime series, \"\"One Life to Live\"\". He earned critical acclaim and national recognition, as well as a GLAAD award, for his turn as one of daytime’s most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1690616", "chunk_text": "\"Antwon Tanner\"\nAntwon Tanner Antwon Tanner (born April 14, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for his recurring role as Michael on the UPN sitcom \"\"Moesha\"\" (1996–97), and its spinoff \"\"The Parkers\"\" (2001) and as Antwon \"\"Skills\"\" Taylor on the drama series, \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". Tanner is mostly known by his role as Antwon \"\"Skills\"\" Taylor on the CW show \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". Tanner had a starring role in the 2005 film \"\"Coach Carter\"\", where he starred alongside Samuel L. Jackson and has appeared in TV series such as \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"413 Hope St.\"\", \"\"Sister, Sister\"\", \"\"Moesha\"\", \"\"The Parkers\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1690618", "chunk_text": "\"Antwon Tanner\"\nAntwon Tanner Antwon Tanner (born April 14, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for his recurring role as Michael on the UPN sitcom \"\"Moesha\"\" (1996–97), and its spinoff \"\"The Parkers\"\" (2001) and as Antwon \"\"Skills\"\" Taylor on the drama series, \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". Tanner is mostly known by his role as Antwon \"\"Skills\"\" Taylor on the CW show \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". Tanner had a starring role in the 2005 film \"\"Coach Carter\"\", where he starred alongside Samuel L. Jackson and has appeared in TV series such as \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"413 Hope St.\"\", \"\"Sister, Sister\"\", \"\"Moesha\"\", \"\"The Parkers\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13440786", "chunk_text": "\"One Tree Hill (season 5)\"\nTree Hill\"\"'s ratings were second only to \"\"Smallville\"\" for scripted dramas at the CW. Schwahn went on to say that \"\"we'd love the opportunity to continue season five, and if the WGA's new contract is ratified, hopefully we'll be able to do just that. If not, we'll see you for season six.\"\" On February 15, the CW announced that six additional episodes would be produced to wrap up the season due to the conclusion of the strike. For season five, Jackson Brundage was cast as James Scott, the child of Nathan and Haley Scott. Barry Corbin reprised his role as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16636072", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Thompson Baker\"\nacting career began at the Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis, where he starred in roles such as \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\", \"\"Peer Gynt\"\", \"\"Hamlet\"\" and \"\"The Sound of Music\"\". In the 1980s, after winning Star Search in 1983, Baker took up the role of Colton Shore, on the soap opera \"\"General Hospital\"\", which he held for three years. For a year, he played Craig Lawson on \"\"All My Children\"\", and then for seven years played Connor Davis on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\". He also starred in the \"\"\"\" episode \"\"One Little Ship\"\" as Kudak'Etan. In 1989, Scott Thompson Baker won the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "578990", "chunk_text": "\"One Tree Hill (season 8)\"\ninterview, Hilarie Burton stated that she will not be returning to the show due to her busy schedule. Despite rumors to the contrary, Bethany Joy Galeotti has said she will be with the series until the end. Paul Johansson reprised his role as Dan Scott for one episode. Stephen Colletti was upgraded to series regular status from episode 14, after appearing in a recurring capacity since season four. \"\"Movieline\"\" reported that \"\"The Blind Side\"\" actor Quinton Aaron would appear in the 14th episode of the season. He played Tommy, a student in Nathan's business class, whom he formed a bond", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19595919", "chunk_text": "\"Barbara Alyn Woods\"\nBarbara Alyn Woods Barbara Alyn Woods (born ) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" and \"\"\"\". Woods has acted professionally since 1988. She is best known for portraying Deborah \"\"Deb\"\" Scott on the WB/CW teen drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". She starred in the show from 2003 to 2009 and appeared on the final season in 2012. She started out recurring in season 1 and was upgraded to full series regular status in November sweeps. Due to the format change of the show she only appeared in four episodes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19595922", "chunk_text": "\"Barbara Alyn Woods\"\nBarbara Alyn Woods Barbara Alyn Woods (born ) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" and \"\"\"\". Woods has acted professionally since 1988. She is best known for portraying Deborah \"\"Deb\"\" Scott on the WB/CW teen drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". She starred in the show from 2003 to 2009 and appeared on the final season in 2012. She started out recurring in season 1 and was upgraded to full series regular status in November sweeps. Due to the format change of the show she only appeared in four episodes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8587079", "chunk_text": "\"4 Years, 6 Months, 2 Days\"\nseason. \"\"\"\" allows fans of the show to catch a glimpse of the lives of the six main characters at the beginning of the fifth season. The first Fast Forward diary features Sophia Bush's character, Brooke Davis. The webisodes continued in a boy, girl order, until the fifth that featured Haley James Scott (Bethany Joy Galeotti) and Nathan Scott (James Lafferty) The sixth webisode featured the new guest cast for the fifth season. Mark Schwahn the creator, and executive producer of \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", has stated that season five will be about the characters pursuing their dreams, finding out that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1741544", "chunk_text": "\"One Tree Hill discography\"\nproceeds has been donated to The National Breast Cancer Foundation. Some artists that recorded songs featured on this album (and show) are Gavin DeGraw, Fall Out Boy, Nada Surf, as well as leukemia survivor Andrew McMahon and his band, Jack's Mannequin. Singer-songwriter and actor Tyler Hilton also appeared on the show, and one of his songs was featured upon this album. Bethany Joy Lenz, who appeared as Haley James Scott on \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" also sang a song on the show that appeared on this album. The Road Mix: Music from the Television Series One Tree Hill, Volume 3, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8686114", "chunk_text": "\"Pete Johansson\"\nPeters Presents\"\" special entitled \"\"Live from the Redlight District\"\". He is the brother of actor Paul Johansson, best known for his ten year role as Dan Scott on the CW's \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", and the son of hockey player Earl \"\"Ching\"\" Johnson who was a member of the Stanley Cup Winning Detroit Red Wings in 53/54. His mother was Joanne Johansson, a painter and nurse in Western Canada. He currently tours globally doing shows in the UK, Ireland, Canada and the United States. Pete Johansson Peter Johansson (born November 6, 1973) is a Canadian comedian, writer and actor. He has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20629830", "chunk_text": "\"Scott Clifton\"\nSanta Clarita Valley and the San Fernando Valley. Clifton started acting in commercials at the age of 16. His early roles included appearances on shows such as \"\"Roswell\"\", \"\"Undressed\"\", and \"\"Judging Amy\"\". He is best known for playing Dillon Quartermaine in \"\"General Hospital\"\" (2003-2007), Schuyler Joplin in \"\"One Life to Live\"\" (2009-2010), and Liam Spencer in \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\" (2010–present). His role in \"\"B&B\"\" earned him three Daytime Emmy Awards in 2011, 2013, and 2017. Clifton has had three Daytime Emmy Award wins for his work on The Bold and the Beautiful. He has also been nominated several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8861539", "chunk_text": "\"Pilot (One Tree Hill)\"\nand \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", but with a more masculine appeal. Pilot (One Tree Hill) \"\"Pilot\"\" is the first episode of \"\"One Tree Hill\"\"'s first season. It first aired on The WB television network in the United States on September 23, 2003. It was written by Mark Schwahn and directed by Bryan Gordon. It saw John Keenan and Melissa Claire Egan guest star as Officer Wayman and Melody, respectively. It introduces the character of Lucas Scott (played by Chad Michael Murray) — a high school student — and his friends and relatives in the fictional Tree Hill, North Carolina. An important basketball", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17952500", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Scott\"\nseveral years ago before he had even known Haley. He and Haley fall out about this but later make up. When Haley mentions that Chris wants her to accompany him on tour, Nathan asks her if she kissed him and she finally admits it. Nathan tells his wife to choose between him and the tour. Haley chooses the tour and leaves Tree Hill. Nathan is devastated and goes on a downward spiral, drinking in class, punching his father and letting Lucas take the fall for his drunk-driving. Nathan finally gets his act together and goes to visit Haley in an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19737068", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Buckley\"\nRobert Buckley Robert Earl Buckley (born May 2, 1981) is an American actor, known for his roles as Kirby Atwood on NBC's comedy-drama series \"\"Lipstick Jungle\"\" and Clay Evans on The CW's teen drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". Buckley also starred as Brian Leonard on ABC's horror drama series \"\"666 Park Avenue\"\", and has portrayed Major Lilywhite on The CW's comedy-drama series \"\"iZombie\"\" since 2015. Buckley was born in Claremont in Los Angeles County, California. He earned a degree in economics from the University of California, San Diego, graduating in 2003. As a college student, Buckley appeared as a contestant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6640279", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Scott\"\nis, not surprisingly, angry and refuses to accept it, nor does Dan when he wakes up. Lucas and Keith return to Tree Hill and Lucas, Peyton and Brooke throw Nathan and Haley a wedding reception while Keith, filling in for Dan at the dealership, takes Nathan on as a mechanic. Haley starts to blossom as a musician but Nathan is jealous of her closeness to fellow musician Chris Keller and warns Chris to stay away from Haley. When Haley's older sister Taylor James comes to Tree Hill, Nathan realizes that Taylor is the girl to whom he lost his virginity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7088543", "chunk_text": "\"Chace Crawford\"\nJuly 2009, when Crawford moved out to rent an apartment in the Wall Street area. Chace Crawford Christopher Chace Crawford (born July 18, 1985) is an American actor, known for his portrayal of Nate Archibald on The CW's teen drama series \"\"Gossip Girl\"\" (2007–12). He is also known for starring in the films \"\"The Covenant\"\" (2006), \"\"The Haunting of Molly Hartley\"\" (2008), \"\"Twelve\"\" (2010), and \"\"What to Expect When You're Expecting\"\" (2012). In 2015, he portrayed Billy LeFever in ABC's short-lived drama series \"\"Blood & Oil\"\". Crawford was born in Lubbock, Texas. His father, Chris, is a dermatologist, and his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11351726", "chunk_text": "\"Austin Nichols\"\nAustin Nichols Austin Nichols (born April 24, 1980) is an American actor and director, known for his role as Julian Baker in The CW drama series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". He is also known for his roles in the films \"\"The Day After Tomorrow\"\" and \"\"Wimbledon\"\". He starred as John Monad in the HBO drama series \"\"John from Cincinnati\"\", and portrayed Spencer Monroe in the AMC horror drama series \"\"The Walking Dead\"\". Nichols was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and moved to Austin, Texas before his first birthday. He was named after the Austin Nichols distilling company, producers of Wild Turkey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "498511", "chunk_text": "\"Allison Munn\"\nAllison Munn Allison Munn (born October 7, 1974) is an American actress. She played Caroline Dupree in the Fox sitcom \"\"That '70s Show\"\", Tina Haven in The WB sitcom \"\"What I Like About You\"\", Lauren in The WB/CW drama \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", and Anne Harper on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\". Munn was born and raised in Columbia, South Carolina. Her father was Russell Munn, a political lobbyist. Munn graduated from AC Flora High School and The College of Charleston. She moved to New York, where she won a role in the Off-Broadway classic \"\"The Fantasticks\"\". Munn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3209	how much money did it cost to make gta v?	n/a	[ "137" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151170", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nhandle additional animation and rendering tasks. Having become familiar with the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 hardware over time, Rockstar found they were able to push the consoles' graphical capabilities further than in previous games. Analyst estimations place the game's combined development and marketing budget at more than (), which would make it the most expensive game ever made at that time. The open world was modelled on Southern California and Los Angeles, and its design and in-game render constituted much of the game's early work. Key members of the game world production team took field research trips throughout the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18898940", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Grand Theft Auto V\"\n25 August 2013, when it was submitted for manufacturing. Media analyst Arvind Bhatia estimated the game's development budget exceeded , and \"\"The Scotsman\"\" reporter Marty McLaughlin estimated that the combined development and marketing efforts exceeded (), making it the most expensive video game ever made at its time. The proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) was overhauled for the game to improve its draw distance rendering capabilities, and the Euphoria and Bullet engines handle further animation and environment rendering tasks. The team found they could render the game world with greater detail than in \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\" because they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2053186", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\n1000 people and more than three and a half years to complete, with a total cost estimated at approximately $100 million, making it, at the time, the most expensive video game ever developed. On 6 August 2008, Rockstar announced that a Microsoft Windows version of \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\" was in development by Rockstar North and Rockstar Toronto. The game was originally announced for release in North America on 18 November 2008 and in Europe on 21 November 2008 but was later pushed back to 2 and 3 December 2008, respectively. It contains expanded features, including traffic density control, draw", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151200", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\ncreate their own crews and join up to five total. Crews win multiplayer matches to earn experience points and climb online leaderboards. \"\"Grand Theft Auto Online\"\" launched on 1 October 2013, two weeks after \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\"s release. Many players reported connection difficulties and game freezes during load screens. Rockstar released a technical patch on 5 October in an effort to resolve the issues, but problems persisted the second week following launch as some players reported their character progress as having disappeared. Another technical patch was released on 10 October combating the issues and Rockstar offered a GTA$500,000 (in-game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19416147", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City\"\ninitial development only involved creating 3D models, executive producer Sam Houser said \"\"it really kicked off at the beginning of 2002\"\" and lasted about nine months. After the release of the Windows version of \"\"Grand Theft Auto III\"\", the development team discussed creating a mission pack for the game that would add new weapons, vehicles, and missions. Upon further discussion, the team decided to make this concept a stand-alone game, which became \"\"Vice City\"\". The game was announced on 22 May 2002, during the Electronic Entertainment Expo. It was Rockstar North's most expensive game at the time, with a budget", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18482377", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nGrand Theft Auto V Grand Theft Auto V is an action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released in September 2013 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, in November 2014 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and in April 2015 for Microsoft Windows. It is the first main entry in the \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" series since 2008's \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\". Set within the fictional state of San Andreas, based on Southern California, the single-player story follows three criminals and their efforts to commit heists while under pressure from a government agency. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7477682", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto (film)\"\nto escape. They eventually get married. When Roger Corman was testing titles for \"\"Eat My Dust\"\", \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" came a close second as a possible title. So when making a follow up he decided to call it \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\". The film was made on a budget of $602,000. It was filmed in and around Victorville, California. Roger Corman worked as an executive producer, along with Rance Howard, who also co-wrote the script with Ron. The film was a commercial success, earning over $15 million at the box office, but critical reception was negative. It holds a rating of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18898935", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Grand Theft Auto V\"\nDevelopment of Grand Theft Auto V An approximate 1,000-person team developed \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\", an action-adventure video game, over several years. Rockstar Games released \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" in September 2013 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, in November 2014 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and in April 2015 for Microsoft Windows, as the fifteenth entry in the \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" series. Development began soon after \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\"s release and was led by Rockstar North's core 360-person team, who collaborated with several other international Rockstar Games studios. The team considered the game a spiritual successor to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18898936", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Grand Theft Auto V\"\nmany of their previous projects like \"\"Red Dead Redemption\"\" and \"\"Max Payne 3\"\". After its unexpected announcement in 2011, the game was fervently promoted with press showings, cinematic trailers, viral marketing strategies and special editions. Its release date, though subject to several delays, was widely anticipated. The game's open world setting was modelled on Los Angeles and other areas of Southern California. Much of the development work constituted the open world's creation, and the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) was overhauled to increase its draw distance render capabilities. Key team members conducted field trips around Southern California to gather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18898983", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Grand Theft Auto V\"\nPC's recommended specifications are based on the game running a native 1080p resolution at 60 frames per second (fps); the team suggested 60 fps as the optimal performance benchmark. The PC build supports 4K resolution and uncapped framerates as well. The team opted to give players the choice to configure the game according to their individual system specifications. Players may configure LOD draw distances, anisotropic filtering, textures, lighting, particle effects, reflections and so on. A population density slider effects the density of street-walking pedestrians and cars on the roads. During a September 2009 earnings call, Take-Two Interactive CEO Strauss Zelnick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18647318", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Grand Theft Auto V\"\nrelease in April 2008; full development lasted approximately three years. Rockstar North's core 360-person team co-opted studios around the world owned by parent company Rockstar Games to facilitate development between a full team of over 1,000. These included Rockstar's Leeds, London, Lincoln, New England, San Diego and Toronto studios. Technical director Adam Fowler said that while development was shared between studios in different countries, the process involved close collaboration between the core team and others. This was necessary to avoid difficulties if studios did not communicate with each other as many game mechanics work in tandem. Game development ceased by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3461352", "chunk_text": "\"Video game industry\"\nrange anywhere from $50,000 to $120,000 generating large labor costs for firms producing videogames which can often take between one and three years to develop. Now budgets typically reach millions of dollars despite the growing popularity of middleware and pre-built game engines. In addition to growing development costs, marketing budgets have grown dramatically, sometimes consisting of two to three times of the cost of development. The game development team has to select a profitable and suitable method to sell or earn money from the finished game. Traditionally, the game monetization method is to sell hard copies in retail store. Now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18525872", "chunk_text": "\"AAA (video game industry)\"\nhouses creating AAA level titles, reducing from an estimated 125 to around 25, but with a roughly corresponding fourfold increase in staffing required for game development. During the seventh generation, AAA (or \"\"blockbuster\"\") games had marketing at a similar level to high-profile films, with television, billboard and newspaper advertising; a corresponding increasing reliance of sequels, reboots and similarly franchised IP was also seen, in order to minimize risk. Costs at the end of the generation had risen as high as the hundreds of millions of dollars - the estimated cost of \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" was ~$265m. The same conditions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14180952", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto\"\nGrand Theft Auto Grand Theft Auto (GTA) is an action-adventure video game series created by David Jones and Mike Dailly; the later titles of which were created by brothers Dan and Sam Houser, Leslie Benzies and Aaron Garbut. It is primarily developed by Rockstar North (formerly DMA Design), and published by Rockstar Games. The name of the series references the term used in the US for motor vehicle theft. Most games in the series are set in fictional locales modelled on cities, usually either Liberty City, Vice City or San Andreas, which are stand-ins for New York City, Miami and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151155", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nthe design team. The game's soundtrack features an original score composed by a team of producers who collaborated over several years. Extensively marketed and widely anticipated, the game broke industry sales records and became the fastest-selling entertainment product in history, earning in its first day and in its first three days. It received widespread critical acclaim, with praise directed at its multiple protagonist design, open world, presentation and gameplay. However, it caused controversies related to its depiction of women and a mission featuring torture during a hostage interrogation. Considered one of seventh generation console gaming's most significant titles and among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12343090", "chunk_text": "\"Final Fantasy VII\"\nthey wanted. This was because they had extensive capital from their earlier commercial successes, which meant they could focus on quality and scale rather than obsessing over and working around their budget. \"\"Final Fantasy VII\"\" was at the time one of the most expensive video game projects ever, costing an estimated 40 million, which adjusted for inflation came to $61 million in 2017. Development of the final version took a staff of between 100 and 150 people just over a year to complete. As video game development teams were usually only 20 people, the game had what was described as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151154", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nlets up to 30 players engage in a variety of different cooperative and competitive game modes. The development of \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\", began soon after \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\" release and was shared between many of Rockstar's studios worldwide. The development team drew influence from many of their previous projects such as \"\"Red Dead Redemption\"\" and \"\"Max Payne 3\"\" and designed the game around three lead protagonists to innovate on the core structure of its predecessors. Much of the development work constituted the open world's creation, and several team members conducted field research around California to capture footage for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18306198", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Old Republic\"\nthan any of the game's other development teams. An October 2008 preview noted some of the 12 full-time writers had been working on \"\"The Old Republic\"\" for more than two years at that point. Although BioWare has not disclosed development costs, industry leaders and financial analysts have estimated it to be between $150 million and $200 million or more, making it, at the time, the most expensive video game made, though if marketing costs are included, it is eclipsed by \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\", with an estimated cost of $265 million. The game had 1 million subscribers within three days", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151209", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nranked high on several best game lists determined by the public; it featured eighth on \"\"Empire\"\"s \"\"100 Greatest Video Games Of All Time\"\" list, and fifth on \"\"Good Game\"\"s \"\"Top 100 Games\"\" list, as voted by the magazine and programme's respective audiences. It was the most tweeted game of 2015, despite being released over a year earlier. Grand Theft Auto V Grand Theft Auto V is an action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released in September 2013 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, in November 2014 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18190110", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Grand Theft Auto V\"\nthe European PlayStation Network and released an official apology to Rockstar and its fans. In response, Rockstar stated it was \"\"deeply disappointed by leaks and spoilers being spread in advance of the game's launch\"\". Development of Grand Theft Auto V An approximate 1,000-person team developed \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\", an action-adventure video game, over several years. Rockstar Games released \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" in September 2013 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, in November 2014 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and in April 2015 for Microsoft Windows, as the fifteenth entry in the \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" series. Development began", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20829553", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto Online\"\nplayers reported their player-character progress as having disappeared. Another technical patch was released on 10 October combating the issues, and players experiencing issues were told not to recreate their multiplayer avatars. As recompense for the technical issues, Rockstar offered a stimulus of GTA $500,000 (in-game currency) to the accounts of all players connected to \"\"Online\"\" since launch. Take-Two Interactive, Rockstar's parent company, stated that by February 2014, 70 percent of players with Internet access had played \"\"Grand Theft Auto Online\"\", and that the game's microtransactions system was the largest contributor to the company's digital revenue since the launch of \"\"Grand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18482420", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nPlayStation Awards and was named the Best British Game from BAFTA. At IGN's Best of 2013 Awards, it received multiple wins, including Best Xbox 360 Graphics, Best Xbox 360 Sound, and Best Action Game on Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and overall. Within 24 hours of its release, \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" generated more than in worldwide revenue, equating to approximately 11.21 million copies sold for Take-Two Interactive. The numbers nearly doubled analysts' expectations for the title. Three days after release, the game had surpassed one billion dollars in sales, making it the fastest selling entertainment product in history. Six weeks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18482423", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\ngame has shipped over 100 million copies worldwide across all platforms, and generated over by April 2018, making it one of the most profitable entertainment products of all time. In the United Kingdom, the game became the all-time fastest-selling, selling more than 2.25 million copies in five days. This broke the record set by \"\"\"\" at two million copies over the same period. It broke the day one record by selling 1.57 million copies and generating £65 million. In two weeks, the game sold more than 2.6 million copies and generated £90 million, which accounted for 52% of games sold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151156", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nthe best games ever made, it won year-end accolades including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications. It is the third-best-selling video game of all time with over 100million copies shipped, and is one of the most financially successful entertainment products of all time, with over in worldwide revenue. \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" is an action-adventure game played from either a third-person or first-person perspective. Players complete missions—linear scenarios with set objectives—to progress through the story. Outside of the missions, players may freely roam the open world. Composed of the San Andreas open countryside area, including the fictional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13409605", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto\"\nincorporate violent and criminal themes. Notable games that are comparable to \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" are \"\"Saints Row\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Watch Dogs\"\", \"\"Sleeping Dogs\"\", \"\"Just Cause\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". Grand Theft Auto Grand Theft Auto (GTA) is an action-adventure video game series created by David Jones and Mike Dailly; the later titles of which were created by brothers Dan and Sam Houser, Leslie Benzies and Aaron Garbut. It is primarily developed by Rockstar North (formerly DMA Design), and published by Rockstar Games. The name of the series references the term used in the US for motor vehicle theft. Most games in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9396989", "chunk_text": "\"Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto V\"\npermission. Rockstar responded in court papers that sought a dismissal of the case, saying that the case was frivolous and filed for publicity purposes. In 2016, both lawsuits were dismissed. Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto V \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" is an open world, action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. Upon its release for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on 17 September 2013, the game generated controversies related to its violence and depiction of women. A mission that requires players to use torture equipment in a hostage interrogation polarised reviewers, who noted its political", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151176", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nto overhaul the animation system to accommodate first-person gameplay. The PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions were released on 18 November 2014. The PC version, initially scheduled for simultaneous release with the console versions, was delayed until 14 April 2015. According to Rockstar, it required extra development time for \"\"polish\"\". The PC version is capable of 60 frames per second gameplay at 4K resolution, and the Rockstar Editor lets players capture and edit gameplay videos. Design director Imran Sarwar announced in October 2017 that the game would not receive single-player downloadable content, despite Rockstar's original plan for a 2014 release,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9396974", "chunk_text": "\"Controversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto V\"\nControversies surrounding Grand Theft Auto V \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" is an open world, action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. Upon its release for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on 17 September 2013, the game generated controversies related to its violence and depiction of women. A mission that requires players to use torture equipment in a hostage interrogation polarised reviewers, who noted its political commentary but felt that the torture sequence was in poor taste. The mission also received criticism from politicians and anti-torture charity groups. The game became subject to widespread online debate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18898942", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Grand Theft Auto V\"\nBlu-Ray Disc; Xbox 360 copies are distributed on two DVD discs and require an 8 GB installation on the HDD or external storage device; while the Microsoft Windows (PC) version takes up seven DVD disks. The team asserted that any differences between the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions would be negligible. Initial work on \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" constituted the open world creation, where preliminary models were constructed in-engine during pre-production. The game's setting is the fictional U.S. state of San Andreas and city of Los Santos, based on Southern California and Los Angeles respectively. San Andreas was first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19416148", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City\"\nof US$5 million. On 5 September 2002, the company announced that the release date of 22 October had been postponed until 29 October to meet product demand. By 15 October 2002, development of \"\"Vice City\"\" stopped as the game was submitted for manufacturing. The game is set in 1986 in fictional Vice City, which is based heavily on the city of Miami. Vice City previously appeared in the original \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" (1997); the development team decided to reuse the location and incorporate ideas from within the studio and the fanbase. They wanted to satirise a location that was not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2642425", "chunk_text": "\"Rockstar Toronto\"\nassisted Rockstar North on developing \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\", which first released in September 2013, as well as handling its Microsoft Windows port, which released in April 2015. For the Microsoft Windows versions of \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\" and \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\", respectively, Rockstar Toronto developed a built-in video editor for footage captured in-game. Journalists remarked \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" Microsoft Windows version as its \"\"ultimate version\"\". Rockstar Toronto Rockstar Games Toronto ULC (formerly Imagexcel, GameTek Canada and Rockstar Canada Inc.), doing business as Rockstar Toronto, is a Canadian video game developer based in Oakville, Ontario. The company was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18898945", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Grand Theft Auto V\"\ninstead of three meant that they could produce Los Santos in higher quality and at greater scale than in the previous game. Los Angeles was extensively researched for the game. The team organised field research trips with tour guides and architectural historians, and captured around 250,000 photographs and many hours of video footage. Houser said, \"\"We spoke to FBI agents that have been undercover, experts in the Mafia, street gangsters who know the slangwe even went to see a proper prison\"\". He considered the open world's research and creation the most demanding aspects of the game's production. Google Maps and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151169", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\ntrio withstands an onslaught from the FIB and Merryweather before going on to kill Steve, Stretch, Wei, and Devin. Michael and Trevor reconcile, and the three cease working together but remain friends. Rockstar North began to develop \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\" in 2008, following \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\"'s release. Development was conducted by a team of more than 1,000 people, including Rockstar North's core team and staff from parent company Rockstar Games' studios around the world. The proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) was overhauled for the game to improve its draw distance rendering capabilities. The Euphoria and Bullet software", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14180959", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto\"\nand detail, removing various customisation features, while adding an online multiplayer mode. \"\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\", published in 2013, featured three playable protagonists. It was released to massive financial success, breaking multiple records. It was later re-released with various enhancements, in 2014 for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and in 2015 for Microsoft Windows. \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" has spawned numerous additional games and expansion packs. In 1999, the original game received two expansion packs: \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". \"\"Grand Theft Auto Advance\"\", released in 2004 for the Game Boy Advance, featured a top-down perspective. Three games were released for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18482422", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\nrevenue generated by an entertainment product in 24 hours, and most viewed trailer for an action-adventure video game. A digital version was released on 18 October for the Xbox 360, which went on to become the highest grossing day-one and week-one release on Xbox Live. As of May 2014, the game has generated over in revenue. As of August 2014, the game has sold-in over 34 million units to retailers for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. By December 2014, the game had shipped 45 million copies, including 10 million copies of the re-released version. As of November 2018, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2053208", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\nSpike TV, Giant Bomb, Kotaku, and GameTrailers, as well as mainstream publications, like \"\"The New York Times\"\", the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\", and \"\"Time\"\" magazine. \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\" also received seven nominations at the 5th British Academy Video Games Awards (BAFTA Games Awards), and three nominations at the 9th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards, but did not win any of them. Within twenty-four hours of its release, \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\" sold over 3.6 million copies, equating to approximately $310 million in revenue. Within a week, it generated more than $500 million in worldwide revenue, equating to approximately 6 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19943084", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned\"\nGames, explaining that the episodes were experiments because they were not sure that there were enough users with access to online content on the Xbox 360. Take-Two Interactive's Chief Financial Officer, Lainie Goldstein revealed that Microsoft was paying a total of $50 million for the first two episodes. On 20 February 2008, it was initially announced that the extra content would be introduced starting August 2008. Dan Houser, vice-president of creative development at Rockstar Games, claimed that through this episode, it would show \"\"a different side of Liberty City\"\". As part of its second quarter financial reports Take-Two announced that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8313569", "chunk_text": "\"Development of L.A. Noire\"\nNews reporter Kev Geoghegan estimated that the development budget for the game exceeded US$50 million, making \"\"L.A. Noire\"\" one of the most expensive video games ever made. \"\"L.A. Noire\"\" was developed for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, and later ported to Microsoft Windows. Windows copies of the game are distributed on two DVD discs, while Xbox 360 copies are distributed on three; the PlayStation 3 version fits onto one Blu-Ray Disc. A total of 16 cases—the game's form of missions that advance the game's narrative—were removed from the final version of the game as they would not have fit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9052038", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Houser\"\nSam Houser Sam Houser (born 1971) is a British video game producer. He is the co-founder and president of Rockstar Games and one of the creative driving forces behind the games in the \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" franchise, being producer since the third game. He is responsible for taking \"\"GTA\"\" into the 3D-environment era, creating realistic cities under fully 3D-engines and turning the series into huge profits during video gaming's sixth-generation era. Sam Houser was born in London in 1971. He is the son of solicitor Walter Houser and actress Geraldine Moffat, and brother to Dan Houser. Sam drew inspiration from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19416153", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City\"\nthe game's success, Liotta reportedly claimed that he was underpaid for the role. The majority of the game's animations were original, with very few borrowed from \"\"Grand Theft Auto III\"\". For the characters, the team used motion capture and stop motion animation techniques; cutscenes use the former, while gameplay movements use a combination of both techniques. The team encountered difficulty in animating motorcycle animations, due in part to the variety of models. Pedestrian character models use skins in \"\"Vice City\"\", allowing the artists to produce more realistic characters. There are 110 unique pedestrian models throughout the game world alongside roughly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151173", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\naudition process, Ned Luke, Shawn Fonteno and Steven Ogg were selected to portray Michael, Franklin and Trevor, respectively. Their performances were mostly recorded using motion capture technology, but dialogue for scenes with characters seated in vehicles was recorded in studios instead. The game is the first in its series to feature an original score, composed by a team of producers collaborating with each other over several years. Licensed music provided by an in-game radio is also used. The team licensed more than 241 tracks shared between fifteen radio stations, with an additional two stations providing talk radio. Some of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9275457", "chunk_text": "Machinima\nwork\"\". Previously, such virtual cinematic performances with live audience interaction were confined to research labs equipped with powerful computers. Machinima can be less expensive than other forms of filmmaking. Strange Company produced its feature-length machinima film \"\"BloodSpell\"\" for less than £10,000. Before using machinima, Burnie Burns and Matt Hullum of Rooster Teeth Productions spent US$9,000 to produce a live-action independent film; in contrast, the four Xbox game consoles used to make \"\"Red vs. Blue\"\" in 2005 cost $600. The low cost caused a product manager for Electronic Arts to compare machinima to the low-budget independent film \"\"The Blair Witch Project\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7151174", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto V\"\ntracks were written specifically for the game, such as rapper and producer Flying Lotus' original work composed for the FlyLo FM radio station he hosts. The game was first announced by Rockstar Games on 25 October 2011. They released its debut trailer one week later, with an official press release acknowledging its setting. Journalists noted that the announcement ignited widespread anticipation within the gaming industry, which they owed to the cultural significance of the series. The game missed its original projected Q2 2013 release date, pushed back to 17 September to allow for further polishing. To spur pre-order game sales,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2053158", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\nanticipated. Upon release, the game received universal critical acclaim, with praise particularly directed at the game's narrative and open world design. However, the game also generated controversy, with criticism directed at the game's depiction of violence and players' ability to drive under the influence of alcohol. \"\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\" broke industry sales records and became the fastest-selling entertainment product in history at the time, earning in its first day and $500 million in its first week. Considered one of the most significant titles of the seventh generation of video games, and by many critics as one of the greatest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2053155", "chunk_text": "\"Grand Theft Auto IV\"\nGrand Theft Auto IV Grand Theft Auto IV is an action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles on 29 April 2008, and for Microsoft Windows on 2 December 2008. It is the eleventh title in the \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" series, and the first main entry since 2004's \"\"\"\". Set within the fictional Liberty City (based on New York City), the single-player story follows a war veteran, Niko Bellic, and his attempts to escape his past while under pressure from loan sharks and mob bosses.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11310136", "chunk_text": "\"Development of Red Dead Redemption\"\nbegan in 2005; full development commenced in 2006, following the formation of a core development team. Rockstar San Diego co-opted a number of other studios owned by parent company Rockstar Games to facilitate development between a full team of over 800. Media analysts estimated the development budget for the game was between US$80 million and US$100 million, making \"\"Red Dead Redemption\"\" one of the most expensive video games ever made. \"\"Red Dead Redemption\"\" primarily takes place in 1911. The team chose this time period as they felt that exploring the transformation from \"\"the old West\"\" into the modern world was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6072817", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Houser\"\n1997, \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" fans were able to experience the first game of the series. Sam Houser Sam Houser (born 1971) is a British video game producer. He is the co-founder and president of Rockstar Games and one of the creative driving forces behind the games in the \"\"Grand Theft Auto\"\" franchise, being producer since the third game. He is responsible for taking \"\"GTA\"\" into the 3D-environment era, creating realistic cities under fully 3D-engines and turning the series into huge profits during video gaming's sixth-generation era. Sam Houser was born in London in 1971. He is the son of solicitor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9174249", "chunk_text": "\"Video game development\"\nre-factor their company, as well as tolerate more failed deadlines. An average development budget for a multiplatform game is US$18-28M, with high-profile games often exceeding $40M. In the early era of home computers and video game consoles in the early 1980s, a single programmer could handle almost all the tasks of developing a game — programming, graphical design, sound effects, etc. It could take as little as six weeks to develop a game. However, the high user expectations and requirements of modern commercial games far exceed the capabilities of a single developer and require the splitting of responsibilities. A team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11386320", "chunk_text": "\"Red Dead Redemption\"\nSan Diego's core team and staff from parent company Rockstar Games' studios around the world. The game runs on the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE), which was improved for the game to improve its draw distance rendering capabilities. The Euphoria and Bullet software handle additional animation and rendering tasks. Having exhausted the use of previous hardware on previous projects, Rockstar felt inspired after realising the potential power of the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. Analyst estimations place the game's combined development and marketing budget between US$80 million and US$100 million, which would make it one of the most expensive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17646616", "chunk_text": "\"Costume Quest\"\nmore control of their own responsibilities within the game. The work done on the game engine for \"\"Brütal Legend\"\" was \"\"essential\"\" for \"\"Costume Quest\"\", allowing the team to quickly reuse the existing technology without the licensing costs for other third-party engines. Schafer estimated the total budget for the game at about $2 million. A software bug that interfered with game saving was discovered after release, and while Double Fine was able to isolate and correct it, the cost of certifying the patch, estimated to be about $40,000, prevented them from releasing it at first. They did release it later as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3210	who plays manny in diary of a wimpy kid?	n/a	[ "Connor and Owen Fielding", "Wyatt and Dylan Walters" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15942793", "chunk_text": "\"Zachary Gordon\"\nZachary Gordon Zachary Adam Gordon (born February 15, 1998) is an American actor. Beginning his professional acting career at the age of eight, Gordon is a three-time Young Artist Award Best Leading Young Actor nominee, best known for playing Greg Heffley in the first three films of the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film franchise. Gordon was born in Oak Park, California, to Linda and Kenneth Gordon. He has two brothers and was raised in Southern California. Zach graduated from a public high school in Oak Park. He is Jewish. Gordon's resumé includes multiple television appearances, on programs such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4158732", "chunk_text": "\"Grayson Russell\"\nan autistic baseball savant named Rafer, in the 2013 feature film \"\"Season of Miracles\"\", a role for which fans and critics have acknowledged his broader acting range. Grayson Russell Grayson Russell (born May 1, 1998) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his roles in \"\"\"\" and the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. Russell was born in Clanton, Alabama, the son of Crystal and Jerry Russell, who have a Christian music ministry. He attended public high school in Clanton at Chilton County High School, home of the Tigers, and graduated from there in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19750368", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\ncompleted on October 16, 2009. The film was directed by Thor Freudenthal and starred Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley, Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, Grayson Russell as Fregley, Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell, and Karan Brar as Chirag Gupta. It is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal. The musical score was composed by Theodore Shapiro. \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" is the second film in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18845751", "chunk_text": "\"Karan Brar\"\nfigure skating, roller skating, swimming, hip-hop dancing, rapping and playing video games. He also starred in one of YouTuber Lilly Singh's videos. Karan Brar Karan Brar (born January 18, 1999) is an American actor, best known for his child roles as Chirag Gupta in the \"\"Wimpy Kid\"\" feature film franchise, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\", \"\" \"\", and \"\"\"\", as well as for his co-starring role as Ravi Ross on the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"Jessie\"\", and its subsequent spin-off \"\"Bunk'd\"\". Karan Brar was born on January 18, 1999 in Redmond, Washington, to parents Harinder and Jasbinder Brar, who are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4158729", "chunk_text": "\"Grayson Russell\"\nGrayson Russell Grayson Russell (born May 1, 1998) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his roles in \"\"\"\" and the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. Russell was born in Clanton, Alabama, the son of Crystal and Jerry Russell, who have a Christian music ministry. He attended public high school in Clanton at Chilton County High School, home of the Tigers, and graduated from there in 2016. His acting career began at the age of six, when he appeared as Cowboy Grayson, in a series of television commercials for a local car dealership.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14958168", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nbook. The film was released on March 19, 2010. It was released on DVD, iTunes, and Blu-ray on August 3, 2010. The movie stars Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley (Dad), Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley (Mom), Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as Angie Steadman, and Connor & Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Greg's brother. Diary of a Wimpy Kid Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a satirical realistic fiction comedy novel for children and teenagers written and illustrated by Jeff Kinney. It is the first book in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20728970", "chunk_text": "\"Karan Brar\"\nKaran Brar Karan Brar (born January 18, 1999) is an American actor, best known for his child roles as Chirag Gupta in the \"\"Wimpy Kid\"\" feature film franchise, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\", \"\" \"\", and \"\"\"\", as well as for his co-starring role as Ravi Ross on the Disney Channel Original Series \"\"Jessie\"\", and its subsequent spin-off \"\"Bunk'd\"\". Karan Brar was born on January 18, 1999 in Redmond, Washington, to parents Harinder and Jasbinder Brar, who are of Indian ancestry. He was raised in Bothell, Washington, and has one older sibling, a sister named Sabreena. Brar attended Cedar Wood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20215828", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Thor Freudenthal and based on Jeff Kinney's book of the same name. The film stars Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron. Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Chloë Grace Moretz also have prominent roles. It is the first film in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series, and was followed by three sequels, \"\"\"\" (2011), \"\"\"\" (2012) and \"\"\"\" (2017). The film earned $75.7 million on a $15 million budget.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13818328", "chunk_text": "\"Devon Bostick\"\nDevon Bostick Devon Bostick (born November 13, 1991) is a Canadian actor best known for playing the lead role of Simon in the Atom Egoyan directed film \"\"Adoration\"\", Brent in \"\"Saw VI\"\", Rodrick Heffley in the first three \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" movies and Jasper Jordan on The CW show \"\"The 100\"\" from 2014 to 2017. Bostick was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His mother, Stephanie Gorin, is a casting agent in Toronto, who works in stage and screen, and his father, Joe Bostick, is an actor as well as a film fight coordinator. He also has a younger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539647", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\non March 19, 2010, moved up from an April 2 release date. It was directed by Thor Freudenthal, who also directed \"\"Hotel for Dogs\"\". The film starred Zachary Gordon as Greg, Robert Capron as Rowley (Greg's best friend), Steve Zahn as Frank (Greg's father), Rachael Harris as Susan (Greg's mother), Devon Bostick as Rodrick (Greg's older brother), Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny (Greg's younger brother), Chloë Grace Moretz as a new character named Angie, and Grayson Russell as Fregley. There is a second film in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series that was released on March 25,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20215829", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nIt is the only film in the series to be directed by Freudenthal, who was replaced by David Bowers for the rest of the installments. The film was theatrically released on March 19, 2010 in the United States by 20th Century Fox. Greg Heffley, a small 11 year old who constantly fights with his teenage brother Rodrick and younger brother Manny, is apprehensive about beginning middle school. On his first day, he quickly discovers the ups and downs, such as the missing stall doors in the boys' bathroom and the difficulties of obtaining a seat during lunch. During P.E. class,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20215842", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nIt was based on the second book in the series, . Zachary Gordon reprised his role in the film. \"\"\"\" was released on August 3, 2012 and is based on \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", including scenes from both books. An animated short film, , was released along with the DVD of . A film based on \"\"\"\" was released in May 2017 featuring a new cast starring Jason Drucker, Alicia Silverstone, and Tom Everett Scott. Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Movie) is a 2010 American comedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "250208", "chunk_text": "\"The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary\"\nThe Wimpy Kid Movie Diary The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary is a movie tie-in book by Jeff Kinney about the making of the 2010 movie \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\", which stars Zachary Gordon as Greg and Robert Capron as Rowley. Unlike the other books, it is non-fiction. It starts off with how the series was created. Next, it shows how they gradually prepared the movie for filming, such as choosing the cast, writing the script, and finding the right location. When it talks about filming, other subjects are woven within, especially the actors' downtime and designing props. It also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2308574", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nDays\"\" in 2012. The short is told through Greg's point of view as he explains his experience with humor and comedy. Zachary Gordon reprises his role as Greg Heffley along other cast members voicing their characters from the films in minor roles. In December 2012, Jeff Kinney announced that he was working on an animated adaptation of \"\"Cabin Fever\"\" to air around Christmas 2013. The adaptation would explain how Manny managed to redirect the power for all to his room and no one else's. In August 2013, Kinney stated it would be a half-hour television special, and would air on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3631288", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Capron\"\nCapron. He currently attends Brown University for theater, film studies and screenwriting. Robert Capron Robert B. Capron III. (born July 9, 1998) is an American actor, voice artist, film producer, comedian and film director who is best known for starring as Rowley Jefferson, Greg Heffley's best friend, in the first three installments of the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. He started off with a role in \"\"Bride Wars\"\" and later had small parts in \"\"\"\" and the Disney film \"\"The Sorcerer's Apprentice\"\". His mother, Kaye Capron, played his character's mother in \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\". Capron lives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17992341", "chunk_text": "\"Greg Heffley\"\nParade since 2010. \"\"Poptropica's\"\" 28th island, \"\"Wimpy Boardwalk,\"\" also revolves around the \"\"Wimpy Kid\"\" series. Wimpy Boardwalk was the first time that Greg was shown in color. In the first three adaptions of the series, Greg was portrayed by actor Zachary Gordon. The first adaption \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was directed by Thor Freudenthal. The film was released on March 19, 2010. It was released on DVD, iTunes, and Blu-ray on August 3, 2010. The movie stars Zachary Gordon as Greg, Robert Capron as Rowley, Steve Zahn as Greg's father, Rachael Harris as Greg's mother, Devon Bostick as Rodrick,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2308573", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nLong Haul\"\" was released on May 19, 2017, and is the first film to feature an entirely new cast. Jason Drucker and Charlie Wright portray Greg and Rodrick Heffley, and Tom Everett Scott and Alicia Silverstone as their parents, Frank and Susan. The film follows Greg and Rodrick convincing their family to go on a road trip for their great grandmother's 90th birthday, but they actually plan on attending a video game convention. An animated short film set after the events of Dog Days, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Class Clown\"\", was released on the home media release of \"\"Dog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15886400", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw\"\nfool of himself at their neighbor's birthday party. The next day, his dad reconsiders his decision to send Greg to Spag Union, and the book ends with Greg looking forward to his summer vacation. On August 3, 2012, a film based on this book and the fourth book, \"\"\"\", was released; the movie starred Zachary Gordon, Steve Zahn, Robert Capron, Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Peyton List, Grayson Russell and Karan Brar. Principal photography began on August 8, 2011 in Vancouver and was completed on October 7, 2011. A poster was leaked in March 2012. A teaser trailer was attached to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12435696", "chunk_text": "\"Devon Bostick\"\nappears in an online spoof trailer for a hoax movie called \"\"Ice Fortress\"\". He had roles in \"\"The Poet\"\", a World War II drama starring Roy Scheider and Colm Feore, \"\"Saw VI\"\" as Brent and \"\"\"\" as Ezio Auditore. Bostick also played Erica's deceased brother Leo in CBC Television's series \"\"Being Erica\"\", and Rodrick Heffley in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" movies. Devon Bostick Devon Bostick (born November 13, 1991) is a Canadian actor best known for playing the lead role of Simon in the Atom Egoyan directed film \"\"Adoration\"\", Brent in \"\"Saw VI\"\", Rodrick Heffley in the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19750369", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nKid\"\" film series. It was released on March 25, 2011 and is based on the second book, \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" with scenes from \"\"The Last Straw\"\". Principal photography began on August 23, 2010 and was completed on October 27, 2010, with filming taking place in Vancouver and New Westminster. \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\" was directed by David Bowers, with Zachary Gordon reprising his role as Greg Heffley. New main characters include Holly Hills (Peyton List), Grandpa (Terence Kelly), and Bill Walter (Fran Kranz). Edward Shearmur composes the original score for the film. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\"\" is the third film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3631287", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Capron\"\nRobert Capron Robert B. Capron III. (born July 9, 1998) is an American actor, voice artist, film producer, comedian and film director who is best known for starring as Rowley Jefferson, Greg Heffley's best friend, in the first three installments of the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. He started off with a role in \"\"Bride Wars\"\" and later had small parts in \"\"\"\" and the Disney film \"\"The Sorcerer's Apprentice\"\". His mother, Kaye Capron, played his character's mother in \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\". Capron lives in Scituate, Rhode Island, and has also been billed as Robert B.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "250209", "chunk_text": "\"The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary\"\nhas some reflections about the actors leaving before it talks about post-production. The book ends with the release of the film and a \"\"scrapbook.\"\" The book is now updated with behind the scenes info of \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"\"\". Jeff Kinney also wrote two sequels to the book. The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary is a movie tie-in book by Jeff Kinney about the making of the 2010 movie \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\", which stars Zachary Gordon as Greg and Robert Capron as Rowley. Unlike the other books, it is non-fiction. It starts off with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18151109", "chunk_text": "\"Harrison Houde\"\nHarrison Houde Harrison Houde (born March 26, 1996) is a Canadian actor, producer, director, YouTuber, and musician currently best known for his role as Bowie Sherman on the Canadian show \"\"Some Assembly Required\"\". His first acting role was \"\"Darren Walsh\"\" in the 2010 American film \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\". In the YouTube community, he's well known for his comedic sketches, vlogs, music video parodies, and pranks. Houde was born on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. He became a musician at a very young age, and while doing this he developed an interest in creating videos and acting while making", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13560964", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down is the eleventh book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" series by Jeff Kinney. The book was unveiled during the 2016 Diary of a Wimpy Kid Virtually Live Event. The book was published on November 1, 2016. The real book trailer was released on October 17, 2016. At the beginning of the book, Greg Heffley can be seen talking about thoughts of his life being a reality TV show: his brothers (Rodrick and Manny), and all the other people in his life are just actors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7086196", "chunk_text": "\"Ray Romano\"\nfollowing episodes: Ray Romano Raymond Albert Romano (born December 21, 1957) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and screenwriter. He is best known for his role on the sitcom \"\"Everybody Loves Raymond\"\", for which he received an Emmy Award, and as the voice of Manny in the \"\"Ice Age\"\" film series. He created and starred in the TNT comedy-drama \"\"Men of a Certain Age\"\" (2009–11). From 2012 to 2015, Romano had a recurring role as Hank Rizzoli, a love interest of Sarah Braverman in \"\"Parenthood\"\", and co-starred in the romantic comedy \"\"The Big Sick\"\" (2017). Romano was born in Queens,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5339327", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul\"\nor lastly, flush it down the toilet and forget about everything that happened. A sequel was announced in late March 2015, with the title, color, and cover of the book revealed on April 27, 2015. The sequel is called \"\"\"\", and was released on November 3, 2015. A film adaptation of the book, starring Jason Drucker as Greg Heffley, was released on May 19, 2017. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul is a children's novel written by Jeff Kinney and is the ninth book in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20728971", "chunk_text": "\"Karan Brar\"\nElementary School and studied acting at John Robert Powers and Patti Kalles workshops. Brar began his acting career at the age of 11, starring as Indian middle schooler Chirag Gupta in the comedy feature film \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\". Born and raised in the United States, Brar naturally speaks with an American accent and worked with a dialect coach to perfect his Indian accent for the role. In March 2011, Brar reprised his role as Chirag Gupta in the feature film sequel \"\"\"\". In October 2011, it was confirmed that he would also be reprising his role as Chirag", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18845737", "chunk_text": "\"Laine MacNeil\"\nLaine MacNeil Laine MacNeil (born October 28, 1996) is a Canadian actress. MacNeil made her motion picture debut at the age of thirteen, and is perhaps best known for her role as Patty Farrell in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" feature film franchise, which earned her five Young Artist Award nominations, including a win as Best Young Supporting Actress in a Feature Film. MacNeil was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She began her acting career at a young age, and appeared in her first significant film production in a non-negligible marginal role. In\"\" Mr. Troop Mom\"\" with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19489235", "chunk_text": "\"Laine MacNeil\"\nLaine MacNeil Laine MacNeil (born October 28, 1996) is a Canadian actress. MacNeil made her motion picture debut at the age of thirteen, and is perhaps best known for her role as Patty Farrell in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" feature film franchise, which earned her five Young Artist Award nominations, including a win as Best Young Supporting Actress in a Feature Film. MacNeil was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia. She began her acting career at a young age, and appeared in her first significant film production in a non-negligible marginal role. In\"\" Mr. Troop Mom\"\" with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14682907", "chunk_text": "\"The Manny\"\nThe Manny The Manny (German: \"\"Der Nanny\"\") is a 2015 German comedy film directed and co-written by Matthias Schweighöfer, starring himself as a greedy and super-busy real-estate developer, and Milan Peschel as a victim of his development who accidentally ends up babysitting his two children. Single father Clemens (Matthias Schweighöfer) is shunned by all nanny services, because his two children Winnie and Theo (Paula Hartmann and Arved Friese) are impossible to babysit: they prank, bully and terrify any lady who dares to enter their mansion. But finding a nanny is hardly Clemens' number one priority, being preoccupied by his urban", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10468092", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid 2: Rodrick Rules) is a 2011 American comedy film based on Jeff Kinney's with a couple elements from \"\"\"\". The film stars Zachary Gordon and Devon Bostick. Robert Capron, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Peyton List also have prominent roles. The film was released on March 25, 2011 by 20th Century Fox. The film earned $72.4 million on a $21 million budget. It is the second film in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series preceded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3279524", "chunk_text": "\"Rico Rodriguez (actor)\"\nRico Rodriguez (actor) Rico Rodriguez (born July 31, 1998) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Manny Delgado in the ABC sitcom \"\"Modern Family\"\". He has also written a book which was published in 2012. Rodriguez was born in Bryan, Texas, the son of Diane and Roy Rodriguez, who owns a tire shop called Rodriguez Tire. His siblings are brothers Ray and Roy Jr., and sister Raini Rodriguez, who is an actress. He is of Mexican descent. On March 12, 2017, Rodriguez's father, Roy, died at age 52. Rodriguez had not considered becoming an actor until around", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5900292", "chunk_text": "\"Ray Romano\"\nRay Romano Raymond Albert Romano (born December 21, 1957) is an American stand-up comedian, actor and screenwriter. He is best known for his role on the sitcom \"\"Everybody Loves Raymond\"\", for which he received an Emmy Award, and as the voice of Manny in the \"\"Ice Age\"\" film series. He created and starred in the TNT comedy-drama \"\"Men of a Certain Age\"\" (2009–11). From 2012 to 2015, Romano had a recurring role as Hank Rizzoli, a love interest of Sarah Braverman in \"\"Parenthood\"\", and co-starred in the romantic comedy \"\"The Big Sick\"\" (2017). Romano was born in Queens, New York,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20641360", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\"\nhome media release of \"\"Dog Days\"\", with Zachary Gordon reprising his role as Greg Heffley, and archival audio of various other cast members from \"\"Dog Days\"\" covering the film. At the time of its release, \"\"Dog Days\"\" was described as the last live-action film in the franchise. In August 2012, while doing press for the film, Jeff Kinney, Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron each indicated that there were no plans for a fourth film, but did not dismiss the possibility entirely. Kinney replied to inquiries regarding the possibility of another sequel, stating, \"\"At present, we don’t have a fourth film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1739909", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\nand praise. A film of the same name was released on March 19, 2010. The sequel to the film is \"\"\"\", followed by \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". As Greg Heffley is getting ready for his first day of middle school, he is teased by his teenage brother Rodrick, because his mom bought him his supplies for school. He has a little brother, a toddler named Manny, who is \"\"spoiled rotten\"\" because he gets everything he wants and also gets away with everything he does wrong. His father, named Frank Heffley, does not encourage Greg's way of life - playing video games", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16982841", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (film)\"\nare replaced by a new cast. It was theatrically released on May 19, 2017, by 20th Century Fox. The film grossed $40 million worldwide on a $22 million production cost. One year after the , while at the Corny's family restaurant, the Heffley family — consists of Greg, Rodrick, Frank, Susan and Manny — plans to take a road trip across the USA to attend Meemaw's 90th birthday. However, after Greg and Rowley rescue his younger brother Manny, who got stuck inside a tube in the play area, Greg ends up in a ball pit with a diaper stuck on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17516453", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Kinney (author)\"\nMaryland, College Park, and lives in Plainville, Massachusetts. A film based on the first book was released on March 19, 2010. It was produced by 20th Century Fox and directed by Thor Freudenthal. The film starred Zachary Gordon as Greg Heffley, Robert Capron as Rowley Jefferson, Rachael Harris as Susan Heffley, Steve Zahn as Frank Heffley, Devon Bostick as Rodrick Heffley, Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny Heffley, Chloë Grace Moretz as a new character named Angie, Grayson Russell as Fregley, Laine MacNeil as Patty Farrell, and Karan Brar as Chirag Gupta. A second film, based on \"\"Diary of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "198175", "chunk_text": "\"Zachary Gordon\"\n2011 he appeared as Papi Jr. in \"\"Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2\"\" and as Paws in Disney's \"\"The Search for Santa Paws\"\". In June 2010, 20th Century Fox announced a sequel to \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\"; Gordon returned as Greg Heffley and the film, \"\"\"\", was released on March 25, 2011. It was the #1 movie within the box office in the United States for the following two weeks. In 2011, Gordon provided voices for Charlie Brown, Linus and Franklin on the comedy show \"\"Robot Chicken\"\", and in 2012, he reprised the role of Greg Heffley for the last time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9300305", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\"\nsee all the books made into movies.\"\" Fox 2000 greenlit the sequel and Zachary Gordon returned as Greg Heffley. Steve Zahn (Frank Heffley) and Rachael Harris (Susan Heffley) will also return. The film was directed by David Bowers and the screenplay was written by Gabe Sachs and Jeff Judah. Principal photography began in Vancouver August 2010. A few new characters appeared in the film, including Peyton List as Holly Hills. The trailer was seen with \"\"Gulliver's Travels\"\". The website created for the first was updated for the sequel featuring pictures of the cast and a short synopsis of the film.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15455208", "chunk_text": "\"The Manny\"\nRolf tries to show Clemens — including taking Clemens to visit his small community — that there are things more important than money in the world. The Manny The Manny (German: \"\"Der Nanny\"\") is a 2015 German comedy film directed and co-written by Matthias Schweighöfer, starring himself as a greedy and super-busy real-estate developer, and Milan Peschel as a victim of his development who accidentally ends up babysitting his two children. Single father Clemens (Matthias Schweighöfer) is shunned by all nanny services, because his two children Winnie and Theo (Paula Hartmann and Arved Friese) are impossible to babysit: they prank,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3448698", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film)\"\nantiheroes in preteen literature and turning him into, well, an even wimpier kid.\"\" Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid 2: Rodrick Rules) is a 2011 American comedy film based on Jeff Kinney's with a couple elements from \"\"\"\". The film stars Zachary Gordon and Devon Bostick. Robert Capron, Rachael Harris, Steve Zahn, and Peyton List also have prominent roles. The film was released on March 25, 2011 by 20th Century Fox. The film earned $72.4 million on a $21 million budget. It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3103826", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film) Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (sometimes known as Diary of a Wimpy Kid 3: Dog Days) is a 2012 American comedy film directed by David Bowers from a screenplay by Wallace Wolodarsky and Maya Forbes. It stars Zachary Gordon and Steve Zahn. Robert Capron, Devon Bostick, Rachael Harris, Peyton List, Grayson Russell, and Karan Brar also have prominent roles. It is the third installment in the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series, and is mashup of the and in the series, but draws mostly from the fourth book. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19750370", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film series)\"\nin the \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" film series. It was released on August 3, 2012 and is based on the third book \"\"The Last Straw\"\" and the fourth book \"\"Dog Days\"\". The film was directed by David Bowers and features the same familiar cast of characters, introducing a few new ones, and also focusing on lesser characters not elaborated on in previous films, including Frank Heffley (Steve Zahn), Mr. Robert Jefferson (Alf Humphreys) and Holly Hills (Peyton List). \"\"Dog Days\"\" is the first film in the series not to be released in March. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4158731", "chunk_text": "\"Grayson Russell\"\nindependent film won Best Picture at the 2008 The Feel Good Film Festival founded by Kristen Ridgway Flores in Los Angeles, but was released direct-to-video in 2011. In 2009, Russell appeared in a single episode of Disney's sitcom \"\"I’m in the Band\"\". In 2010, Russell appeared in the film adaptation of author Jeff Kinney's \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\". Russell played Fregley, an awkward and unpopular classmate of Greg Heffley. He reprised the role in the sequels, \"\"\"\" (2011) and \"\"\"\" (2012). In 2011, Russell also appeared in the \"\"Alien Candy\"\" episode of \"\"R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour\"\". Russell plays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20215840", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nStratton gave the film one star while co-host Margaret Pomeranz gave it half a star. Stratton called the film \"\"tiresome\"\" and said there was \"\"nothing remotely interesting in Thor Freudenthal's direction or the screenplay.\"\" Pomeranz disliked the character of Greg Heffley, saying \"\"I really thought he was unpleasant. I did not want to spend time with him. I could not wait for the end of this film.\"\" The film opened in second place at the weekend box office grossing $22.1 million, behind \"\"Alice in Wonderland.\"\" Despite a lack of distinctive marketing, \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" drew a decent crowd,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1134212", "chunk_text": "\"John Bluthal\"\nnaughty, hilarious. Bye darlin' Bluey.\"\" A review of his life by his niece Joanna Murray-Smith https://dailyreview.com.au/john-bluthal/79542/ John Bluthal John Bluthal (born Isaac Bluthal; 12 August 1929 – 15 November 2018) was a Polish-born radio, stage, television and film character actor, comedian and voice artist, noted for his six-decade career internationally in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. He started his career during the Golden Age of British Television, where he was best known for his comedy work in the UK with Spike Milligan, and for his role as Manny Cohen in the television series \"\"Never Mind the Quality,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2539648", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\n2011, which was based on the second book \"\"Rodrick Rules\"\", with Zachary Gordon returning as Greg Heffley. \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules\"\" was also filmed in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The film also contains some scenes from \"\"The Last Straw.\"\" The third film combines the third and fourth books \"\"The Last Straw\"\" and \"\"Dog Days\"\", taking stories from both, but mainly from \"\"Dog Days\"\", from which it took its title. The decision to blend the two films was made to keep up with the ages of the actors. The film was released on August 3, 2012. The likelihood of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18902309", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (film)\"\na Wimpy Kid: Dog Days\"\" is also the last film in the series to feature the original cast members, as many of the cast (such as Zachary Gordon, Robert Capron and Devon Bostick) outgrew their roles and a re-cast was made for the future films in the series, starting with \"\"\"\", which was released five years later. It is also the final film role of Alf Humphreys before his death in 2018. The Heffley family attends a pool party at the community pool, where the family meets Lenwood Heath, a former trouble-making friend of Rodrick who is now a model", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9315004", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)\"\nDiary of a Wimpy Kid (book series) Diary of a Wimpy Kid is a series of fiction books written by the American author and cartoonist Jeff Kinney. All the main books are the journals of the main character, Greg Heffley. Befitting a teen's diary, the books are filled with hand-written notes and simple drawings of Greg's daily adventures. Since the release of the online version in May 2004, most of the books have garnered positive reviews and commercial success. , it had been purchased one million times. The first, , , and installments have been adapted into films by 20th", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20215835", "chunk_text": "\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid (film)\"\nCheese before a teacher chases them off. When the other kids notice that the Cheese has been eaten, Greg takes the fall for Rowley by saying he ate it. This mends their friendship as Greg invites Rowley to play at his house. At the end of the school year, Greg and Rowley make the yearbook Class Favorites page as \"\"Cutest Friends.\"\" Filming of \"\"Diary of a Wimpy Kid\"\" was in Vancouver and wrapped up on October 16, 2009. Lucas Cruikshank, best known for creating the web series \"\"Fred\"\", had auditioned for the role as Greg Heffley. Even though he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3211	where is the citrus bowl held this year?	n/a	[ "Camping World Stadium" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1243976", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Citrus Bowl\"\n2018 Citrus Bowl The 2018 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2018, at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. This was the 72nd edition of a game that has been played annually since 1946, under several different names. It was one of the 2017–18 NCAA football bowl games concluding the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was nationally televised on ABC. Sponsored by Overton's, a boating and marine supply retailer, the game was officially known as the Citrus Bowl presented by Overton's. The game featured the independent Notre Dame Fighting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1243979", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Citrus Bowl\"\nof the AP Poll at the time they played. LSU came into the game with a 9–3 record overall, 6–2 in the SEC. Their two SEC losses were to Mississippi State and Alabama (who was ranked number one in the AP Poll at the time). Their one non-conference loss was to Troy of the Sun Belt Conference. 2018 Citrus Bowl The 2018 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2018, at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. This was the 72nd edition of a game that has been played annually since 1946, under several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14948832", "chunk_text": "\"Citrus Bowl\"\nCitrus Bowl The Citrus Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The bowl is operated by Florida Citrus Sports, a non-profit group that also organizes the Camping World Bowl and Florida Classic. The game was first played as the Tangerine Bowl in 1947 before being renamed as the Florida Citrus Bowl in 1983. When Capital One was the game's title sponsor between 2001 to 2014, the game was referred to simply as the Capital One Bowl from 2003 to 2014. Other previous sponsors include CompUSA (1994–1999), Ourhouse.com (2000), and Buffalo Wild", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14948833", "chunk_text": "\"Citrus Bowl\"\nWings (2015–2017) and Overton's (2018). Presently, it is being sponsored by VRBO, a vacation rental marketplace, and is known as the VRBO Citrus Bowl. Since becoming one of the premier bowls, the Citrus Bowl is typically played at 1 p.m. EST on New Year's Day, immediately before the Rose Bowl, both of which have been televised on ESPN since 2011. When January 1 is a Sunday, the game has been played on January 2 or December 31, to avoid conflicting with the National Football League schedule. , at $4.25 million per team, it has the largest payout of all the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14948837", "chunk_text": "\"Citrus Bowl\"\nPhillips Center for the Performing Arts, and to upgrade the Citrus Bowl stadium. Following the 2014 game, Capital One ceased its sponsorship of the bowl, and moved its sponsorship to the Orange Bowl. Buffalo Wild Wings was announced as the new title sponsor of the bowl game in 2014. Buffalo Wild Wings had previously been the title sponsor of what is now the Cactus Bowl. In the offseason of 2017, Buffalo Wild Wings ceased sponsoring the bowl as the search for a new sponsor is ongoing. The 2016 season game was played on December 31, the first time in 30", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4592144", "chunk_text": "\"2019 Citrus Bowl\"\n2019 Citrus Bowl The 2019 Citrus Bowl is a college football bowl game that will be played on January 1, 2019. It will be the 73rd edition of what is now the Citrus Bowl, and will be one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by VRBO, a vacation rental marketplace owned by HomeAway, the game will officially be known as the VRBO Citrus Bowl. The game will be played between the Penn State Nittany Lions of the Big Ten Conference and the Kentucky Wildcats of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The teams have previously met", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15772548", "chunk_text": "\"Citrus Bowl\"\ntotal appearances). Records are based on a team's conference affiliation at the time the game was played.<br> For example, Penn State has appeared both as a Big Ten team and as an Independent team. Most editions of the Citrus Bowl have been televised by ABC, who is the current broadcaster. ESPN televised the game in 2011 and 2012, NBC televised it in 1984 and 1985, and Mizlou televised it in 1982. Broadcast information for the bowl's early years is incomplete. Citrus Bowl The Citrus Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played at Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "663390", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Citrus Bowl (December)\"\n2016 Citrus Bowl (December) The 2016 Citrus Bowl (December) was an American college football bowl game played on December 31, 2016 at the Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The 71st edition of the Citrus Bowl, it was one of the 2016-17 NCAA football bowl games concluding the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was nationally televised by ABC. It was sponsored by the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant franchise and was officially titled the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl. Teams were selected from the SEC and the ACC. The matchup was announced on December 4, 2016. LSU", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15772544", "chunk_text": "\"Citrus Bowl\"\nwith one at-large bid. In an unexpected and unprecedented move, game officials decided to invite the Florida Gators, and move the game to Florida Field in Gainesville, the Gators' home stadium. The larger stadium would be needed to accommodate the large crowd expected. The move required special permission from the NCAA, and special accommodations were made. Both teams would be headquartered in Orlando for the week, and spend most of their time there, including practices, and would be bused up to Gainesville. The participants were greeted with an unexpected event, a near-record low temperature of 25 degrees Fahrenheit (-4 degrees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2614471", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Citrus Bowl\"\n2015 Citrus Bowl The 2015 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2015 at the Orlando Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The 69th edition was one of the 2014–15 NCAA football bowl games that conclude the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game started at approximately 1:00 p.m. EST and was televised by ABC. It was sponsored by the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant franchise and is officially known at the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl. The Minnesota Golden Gophers represented the Big Ten Conference, and the Missouri Tigers represented the Southeastern Conference.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "663391", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Citrus Bowl (December)\"\nwas chosen from the SEC and Louisville was chosen from the ACC. 2016 Citrus Bowl (December) The 2016 Citrus Bowl (December) was an American college football bowl game played on December 31, 2016 at the Camping World Stadium in Orlando, Florida. The 71st edition of the Citrus Bowl, it was one of the 2016-17 NCAA football bowl games concluding the 2016 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was nationally televised by ABC. It was sponsored by the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant franchise and was officially titled the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl. Teams were selected from the SEC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4965034", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Citrus Bowl\"\nIrish and the LSU Tigers of the Southeastern Conference; both teams finished the 2017 season with 9–3 records, and both teams finished in the top-20 of all major polls. Notre Dame, making their first appearance in the Citrus Bowl, was the designated visiting team. LSU, the designated home team, appeared in the game for the second season in a row, and fifth time overall. For the second year in a row, no Big Ten team appeared in the Citrus Bowl; since Wisconsin committed to the Orange Bowl, the Citrus Bowl was allowed to pick Notre Dame or an Atlantic Coast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8369807", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Citrus Bowl (January)\"\n2016 Citrus Bowl (January) The 2016 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2016 at the Orlando Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The 70th edition was one of the 2015–16 NCAA football bowl games that concluded the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was televised by ABC. It was sponsored by the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant franchise and is officially known as the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl. The game featured the Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference, and the Florida Gators of the Southeastern Conference in their third meeting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18576375", "chunk_text": "\"Camping World Stadium\"\nCamping World Stadium Camping World Stadium is a stadium in Orlando, Florida, located in the West Lakes neighborhood of Downtown Orlando, west of new sports and entertainment facilities including the Amway Center, the Dr. Phillips Center for the Performing Arts and Orlando City Stadium. It opened in 1936 as Orlando Stadium and has also been known as the Tangerine Bowl and Florida Citrus Bowl. The City of Orlando owns and operates the stadium. Camping World Stadium is the current home venue of the Cure Bowl, the Citrus Bowl and the Camping World Bowl. It is also the regular host of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4561960", "chunk_text": "\"Florida Citrus Parade\"\nRoses Parade in Pasadena, California. However, instead of decorating the floats with petals, they are decorated with oranges, grapefruits and tangerines. The citrus floats are prepared and filled by over 600 volunteers who give their time during the 4 days between December 26th and 29th. Then, generally on the last week of December of every year (In rare occasions, the parade is done on the 29th, because December 30 is a Sunday, or 31st of December, if the Citrus Bowl football game comes on January 2), the streets of Downtown Orlando are packed with visitors from other places who come", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19876274", "chunk_text": "\"Orange Bowl\"\nOrange Bowl The Orange Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game played in the Miami metropolitan area. It has been played annually since January 1, 1935, making it, along with the Sugar Bowl and the Sun Bowl, the second-oldest bowl game in the country, behind the Rose Bowl (first played 1902, played annually since 1916). The Orange Bowl was originally held in the city of Miami at Miami Field before moving to the Miami Orange Bowl stadium in 1938. In 1996, it moved to Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. Since December 2014, the game has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4561957", "chunk_text": "\"Florida Citrus Parade\"\nFlorida Citrus Parade The Florida Citrus Parade is an annual parade in Orlando, Florida which celebrates the holidays and two annual college football bowl games: the Camping World Bowl and the Citrus Bowl. Started in 1980, the parade was previously known as the Florida Power (Progress Energy) Super Holiday Parade, the Orlando Citrus Parade, and most recently the Fresh From Florida Parade. In 2005, Delta Air Lines sponsored the parade, calling it The Orlando Citrus Parade, presented by Delta Air Lines. Since 2007, Spherion was a major sponsor of the parade along with Delta Air Lines as co-sponsor, being called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4592145", "chunk_text": "\"2019 Citrus Bowl\"\nfive times, with Penn State holding a 3–2 edge; their most recent meeting was the 1999 Outback Bowl, won by Penn State. Penn State received and accepted a bid to the Citrus Bowl on December 2. The Nittany Lions enter the bowl with a 9–3 record (6–3 in conference). Kentucky received and accepted a bid to the Citrus Bowl on December 2. The Wildcats enter the bowl with a 9–3 record (5–3 in conference). 2019 Citrus Bowl The 2019 Citrus Bowl is a college football bowl game that will be played on January 1, 2019. It will be the 73rd", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7615815", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Orange Bowl\"\n2017 Orange Bowl The 2017 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 30, 2017 at the Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. The contest was televised on ESPN with a radio broadcast on ESPN Radio, kickoff was at 8:00 PM (EST). It was one of the 2017–18 bowl games that concluded the 2017 FBS football season. The 84th Orange Bowl, the game was sponsored by the Capital One financial services organization, and was officially known as the Capital One Orange Bowl. The 2017 Orange Bowl featured the Wisconsin Badgers (12–1), champions of the Big Ten", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4561961", "chunk_text": "\"Florida Citrus Parade\"\nto see their high school marching band and the marching bands for the two universities which will have the match up at the Citrus Bowl that year. Florida Citrus Parade The Florida Citrus Parade is an annual parade in Orlando, Florida which celebrates the holidays and two annual college football bowl games: the Camping World Bowl and the Citrus Bowl. Started in 1980, the parade was previously known as the Florida Power (Progress Energy) Super Holiday Parade, the Orlando Citrus Parade, and most recently the Fresh From Florida Parade. In 2005, Delta Air Lines sponsored the parade, calling it The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15772547", "chunk_text": "\"Citrus Bowl\"\nis denoted with B (outstanding back), L (outstanding lineman), O (outstanding offensive player), D (outstanding defensive player), or M (overall MVP) per contemporary newspaper reports. Three players have been recognized in multiple games; Chuck Ealey of Toledo (1969, 1970, 1971), Brad Cousino of Miami (OH) (1973, 1974), and Anthony Thomas of Michigan (1999, 2001). \"\"Only teams with at least three appearances are listed.\"\" Includes two Southern Miss appearances under their former name, Mississippi Southern. Reflects games played since 1968, when the bowl started hosting major college teams.<br> From 1968 through the January 2018 playing, there have been 50 games (100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8369809", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Citrus Bowl (January)\"\n42nd bowl game appearance. 2016 Citrus Bowl (January) The 2016 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2016 at the Orlando Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The 70th edition was one of the 2015–16 NCAA football bowl games that concluded the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game was televised by ABC. It was sponsored by the Buffalo Wild Wings restaurant franchise and is officially known as the Buffalo Wild Wings Citrus Bowl. The game featured the Michigan Wolverines of the Big Ten Conference, and the Florida Gators of the Southeastern Conference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1338128", "chunk_text": "\"2018–19 NCAA football bowl games\"\nsemifinal round, with the winners advancing to the National Championship game. The semifinal games for the 2018–19 season are the Cotton Bowl and the Orange Bowl. Both will be played on December 29 as part of a yearly rotation of three pairs of six bowls, commonly referred to as the CFP New Year's Six bowl games. The winners will advance to the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California on January 7. For the 2018–19 bowl season, the Gasparilla Bowl was re-located from Tropicana Field to Raymond James Stadium (which already hosts the Outback", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20741848", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Orange Bowl\"\n2018 Orange Bowl The 2018 Orange Bowl is a college football bowl game that will be played on Saturday, December 29, 2018. It will be the 85th edition of the Orange Bowl. The Orange Bowl will be one of the two College Football Playoff semifinal games, with the winner advancing to the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship. It will be one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Capital One Financial Corporation, the game will be officially known as the College Football Playoff Semifinal at the Capital One Orange Bowl. The game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2614472", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Citrus Bowl\"\nThis was Missouri's second appearance in the game and first as a member of the SEC; the Tigers defeated Southern Miss, 19–17, in 1981, while representing the Big Eight Conference. This was Minnesota's first appearance in the game. Source: 2015 Citrus Bowl The 2015 Citrus Bowl was an American college football bowl game played on January 1, 2015 at the Orlando Citrus Bowl in Orlando, Florida. The 69th edition was one of the 2014–15 NCAA football bowl games that conclude the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The game started at approximately 1:00 p.m. EST and was televised by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14954485", "chunk_text": "\"Outback Bowl\"\nOutback Bowl The Outback Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, usually on New Years Day. The event was originally called the Hall of Fame Bowl from 1986 to 1994 until being renamed in 1995 for its new title sponsor, Outback Steakhouse. It is organized by the Tampa Bay Bowl Association under Jim McVay, who has been the president and CEO since 1988. The Outback Bowl was not Tampa's first bowl game; the Cigar Bowl was played at old Phillips Field near downtown from 1947 to 1954. However, the earlier event", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14954489", "chunk_text": "\"Outback Bowl\"\nJanuary 2018 playing, there have been 32 games (64 total appearances). Outback Bowl The Outback Bowl is an annual college football bowl game played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, usually on New Years Day. The event was originally called the Hall of Fame Bowl from 1986 to 1994 until being renamed in 1995 for its new title sponsor, Outback Steakhouse. It is organized by the Tampa Bay Bowl Association under Jim McVay, who has been the president and CEO since 1988. The Outback Bowl was not Tampa's first bowl game; the Cigar Bowl was played at old Phillips", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7536643", "chunk_text": "\"East–West Shrine Game\"\nthe game moved to Florida, and was held at the Citrus Bowl in Orlando. Television coverage moved from ESPN/ESPN2 to the NFL Network, starting with the 2011 game. After two years in Orlando, the 2012 game was held at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg; it was the sixth different venue (in five cities and three states) in a span of eight contests. Starting with the January 2017 game, the NFL now supplies coaching staffs for the game, drawing from assistant coaches of teams who did not advance to the NFL postseason, and the game is now officiated by NFL officials.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15772555", "chunk_text": "\"Camping World Bowl\"\nCamping World Bowl The Camping World Bowl is an annual college football bowl game that is played in Orlando, Florida, at Camping World Stadium. The bowl is operated by Florida Citrus Sports, a non-profit group which also organizes the Citrus Bowl and the Florida Classic. The bowl was founded in 1990 by Raycom and was originally played at Joe Robbie Stadium outside the city of Miami. It was formed under the name Sunshine Football Classic, but due to corporate title sponsorships, was never actually contested under this name, nor even referred to as such except during brief intervals between corporate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1243978", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Citrus Bowl\"\nConference team. This was the fourth bowl meeting between the Fighting Irish and Tigers, with LSU winning twice previously, and Notre Dame once. LSU prevailed 27–9 in the 1997 Independence Bowl, and 41–14 in the 2007 Sugar Bowl, and Notre Dame won 31–28 in the 2014 Music City Bowl. Notre Dame and LSU met eight times in the regular season between 1970 and 1998, with the Irish holding a 5–3 edge. Notre Dame came into the game with a 9–3 record, having lost to Georgia, Miami (Florida), and Stanford. Each team they lost to was ranked in the top 20", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8614317", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Fiesta Bowl\"\n2017 Fiesta Bowl The 2017 Fiesta Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 30, 2017, at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. The 47th Fiesta Bowl was one of the New Year's Bowls of the College Football Playoff, and one of the 2017–18 bowl games concluding the 2017 FBS football season. The game was televised on ESPN and ESPN Deportes, and broadcast on ESPN Radio and XM Satellite Radio, with the kickoff set for 4:00 PM ET (2 PM MT). The game's title sponsor was Sony Interactive Entertainment via its PlayStation brand as part of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14948840", "chunk_text": "\"Citrus Bowl\"\nholding the first selection after the CFP selection process for both conferences. Since the formation of the CFP, the Citrus Bowl has a chance to occasionally host an ACC team, replacing the Big Ten representative. This will happen the years in which the Orange Bowl is not a CFP semi-final game and selects a Big Ten team to match against their ACC team. This happened following the 2016 season, as the Orange Bowl was not a CFP semi-final and invited Michigan of the Big Ten to face Florida State of the ACC; the Citrus Bowl then invited Louisville of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14064401", "chunk_text": "\"Corsicana Bowl\"\nCorsicana Bowl The Corsicana Bowl is an annual NCAA Division II post-season college football bowl game held in Corsicana, Texas at Tiger Stadium. The two participating teams will consist of schools competing in the Lone Star Conference, Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association and/or the Great American Conference. The inaugural game was held on December 2, 2017 with Central Oklahoma defeating Tarleton State 38 to 31. Tiger Stadium is a 10,001-capacity high school and junior collegiate American Football, track and field and soccer stadium adjacent to Corsicana High School in Corsicana, Texas. It is the current home of the Corsicana Tigers football,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7276238", "chunk_text": "\"Gasparilla Bowl\"\nthe St. Petersburg Bowl for the next two years. On August 23, 2017, Bad Boy Mowers signed a three-year deal to become the official title sponsor of the game, which was rebranded as the Bad Boy Mowers Gasparilla Bowl after the Tampa's Gasparilla Pirate Festival. In 2018, the bowl was moved across Tampa Bay from Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa. Since Tropicana Field was originally designed for baseball, the football gridiron is arranged along the right field line, from home plate to the foul pole. The game is one of three to take place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4561959", "chunk_text": "\"Florida Citrus Parade\"\nbroadcast during the New Year's Day Holiday; TVS Television Network handles distribution. Visitors to the parade can number over 50,000 along the parade route. The parade consists of both high school and Bowl-attending university marching bands from the Big Ten Conference and Southeastern Conference, along with theme park characters from Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando. Also, local and national celebrities participates in the event. The main features are the citrus-themed floats. These floats are decorated with citrus fruits in a similar style to the Lemon Festival in Menton, France. They also follow the tradition of the annual Tournament of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20927032", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Orange Bowl\"\n2015 Orange Bowl The 2015 Capital One Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game that was played on December 31, 2015 at Sun Life Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. The 82nd Orange Bowl was a College Football Playoff semifinal with the winner of the game competing against the winner of the 2015 Cotton Bowl: Alabama Crimson Tide football in the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship, which took place at University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. It was one of the 2015–16 bowl games that concluded the 2015 FBS football season. The Orange Bowl game is usually played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19563501", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Orlando, Florida\"\nAmerican Conference championship in 2013, 2014, and 2017. Its soccer program has produced several high-profile players, including FIFA 100 honoree Michelle Akers. The campus features Spectrum Stadium for football and CFE Arena for basketball, both built in 2007. Other facilities include Jay Bergman Field (baseball) and the UCF Soccer and Track Stadium (soccer, track and field). Camping World Stadium, historically known as the Citrus Bowl, is the home of the Camping World Bowl (created as the Florida Sunshine Classic, but never known by that name) and the Citrus Bowl (historically the Tangerine Bowl). It also hosts regular-season football games for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15772563", "chunk_text": "\"Camping World Bowl\"\nloser or one of the division runners-up—against the third pick from the Big 12. Won: Alabama, Baylor, Illinois, Louisville, Maryland, Oklahoma State, Pittsburgh, South Carolina, Stanford, Texas Tech <br> Lost: Arkansas, Kansas, Michigan State, Minnesota, Notre Dame, Oklahoma, Purdue, Rutgers Through the December 2017 playing, there have been 28 games (56 total appearances). Camping World Bowl The Camping World Bowl is an annual college football bowl game that is played in Orlando, Florida, at Camping World Stadium. The bowl is operated by Florida Citrus Sports, a non-profit group which also organizes the Citrus Bowl and the Florida Classic. The bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13905115", "chunk_text": "\"Frisco Bowl\"\nFrisco Bowl The Frisco Bowl is the name of a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sanctioned Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football bowl game that had its inaugural game played on December 20, 2017. On April 21, 2017, it was announced that the Miami Beach Bowl – which had been owned and operated by the American Athletic Conference (\"\"The American\"\") – had been sold to ESPN Events and that it would relocate to Frisco, Texas, to be played in Toyota Stadium starting in the 2017 season. On November 8, 2017, it was announced that Destination XL Group, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14948834", "chunk_text": "\"Citrus Bowl\"\nnon-College Football Playoff (CFP) bowls. In nearly every year since 1985, the game has featured two teams ranked in the Top 25. The game, which began play in 1947, is one of the oldest of the non-CFP bowls, along with the Gator Bowl and Sun Bowl. By 1952, the game was dubbed the \"\"Little Bowl with the Big Heart\"\", because all the proceeds from the game went to charity. Before 1968, the game featured matchups between schools throughout the South, often featuring the Ohio Valley Conference champion or other small colleges, although a few major colleges did play in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15065149", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Fiesta Bowl (December)\"\n2016 Fiesta Bowl (December) The 2016 PlayStation Fiesta Bowl (December) was a college football bowl game that was played on December 31, 2016 at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. This 46th Fiesta Bowl Game was a College Football Playoff semifinal with the winner of the game competing against the winner of the 2016 Peach Bowl in the 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship which took place at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. It was one of the 2016–17 bowl games that concluded the 2016 FBS football season. It was the second game to be called \"\"the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9462289", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Cotton Bowl Classic\"\n2018 Cotton Bowl Classic The 2018 Cotton Bowl Classic will be a college football bowl game played on December 29, 2018 at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The 83rd Cotton Bowl Classic is a College Football Playoff semifinal with the winner to compete in the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship. It is one of the 2018–19 bowl games that will conclude the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, the game will officially be known as the College Football Playoff Semifinal at the Goodyear Cotton Bowl Classic. The game will feature second-ranked Clemson of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13656334", "chunk_text": "\"Bahamas Bowl\"\nBahamas Bowl The Bahamas Bowl is a NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision college football bowl game played annually in Nassau, Bahamas, at the 15,000-seat Thomas Robinson Stadium. The first game, played in 2014, was the first major (FBS or historical equivalent) bowl game to be played outside the United States and Canada between two U.S. teams since the January 1, 1937, Bacardi Bowl in Havana, Cuba. The inaugural game featured teams from the Mid-American Conference and Conference USA. That conference matchup has continued annually, through the December 2018 playing of the game. From its inception to 2017, the game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7766722", "chunk_text": "\"MEAC/SWAC Challenge\"\nBowl, now called Camping World Stadium. In 2014, the game was played at Spectrum Stadium as the Citrus Bowl underwent renovations. In April 2016, it was announced that the game would move to campus sites for 2016 and 2017 (on September 4, 2016, Bethune-Cookman attempted to host Alcorn State in Daytona Beach, Florida, but the game was halted before halftime due to lightning associated with feeder bands from Hurricane Hermine; on September 3, 2017, Southern hosted South Carolina State in Baton Rouge, Louisiana). The event moved to a non-HBCU campus again in 2018, this time at Georgia State Stadium, best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8614337", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Peach Bowl (January)\"\n2018 Peach Bowl (January) The 2018 Peach Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 1, 2018, between the UCF Knights and the Auburn Tigers. It was the 50th edition of the Peach Bowl, and the first Peach Bowl to be played in Mercedes-Benz Stadium, after spending the previous 25 editions in the now demolished Georgia Dome. The 50th Peach Bowl was one of the College Football Playoff New Year's Six bowl games, and was one of the 2017–18 bowl games concluding the 2017 FBS football season. Sponsored by the Chick-fil-A restaurant franchise, the game was officially known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20212294", "chunk_text": "\"Gasparilla Bowl\"\nGasparilla Bowl The Gasparilla Bowl is an annual NCAA-sanctioned post-season college football bowl game played in the Tampa Bay Area. It was first played in 2008 as the St. Petersburg Bowl at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. The game was renamed the Gasparilla Bowl in 2017 as a nod to the legend of José Gaspar, a mythical pirate who supposedly operated in the Tampa Bay area and who is the inspiration for Tampa's Gasparilla Pirate Festival. In May 2018, the owners announced the bowl would be relocated to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa. Since 2017, the game has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7276241", "chunk_text": "\"Gasparilla Bowl\"\nthe United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland). Three other bowls, the International Bowl, the Bluebonnet Bowl, and the Chick-fil-A Bowl, were also played in baseball stadiums, but Toronto's Rogers Centre (the home of the defunct International Bowl), Houston's Astrodome (home of the Bluebonnet Bowl) and Atlanta's Fulton County Stadium (home of the then-Peach Bowl) were purposely built to house both baseball and football. In May of 2018, the owners announced the bowl would be moving to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa. Source: Updated through the December 2018 edition (11 games, 22 total appearances). Won: East Carolina, Louisville, Mississippi State,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12297747", "chunk_text": "\"Boca Raton Bowl\"\nBoca Raton Bowl The Boca Raton Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sanctioned Division I college football bowl game played in Boca Raton, Florida at FAU Stadium, which is located on the campus of Florida Atlantic University. The game was first held in 2014. Since 2017, it has been sponsored by the New York-based beverage company Cheribundi Tart Cherry and officially known as the \"\"Cheribundi Tart Cherry Boca Raton Bowl\"\" The sporting goods company Marmot was a previous title sponsor in 2015. The bowl was founded on October 10, 2013, and was first played in December 2014 as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14948809", "chunk_text": "\"Sun Bowl\"\nas Los Lonely Boys, The Village People, Baby Bash, David Archuleta, Rihanna, and Diamond Rio. Sun Bowl The Sun Bowl is a college football bowl game that has been played since 1935 in the southwestern United States at El Paso, Texas. Along with the Sugar Bowl and Orange Bowl, it is the second-oldest bowl games in the country, behind the Rose Bowl. Usually held near the end of December, games are played at the Sun Bowl stadium on the campus of the University of Texas at El Paso; since 2014, it has featured teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4591916", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Gasparilla Bowl\"\n2018 Gasparilla Bowl The 2018 Gasparilla Bowl is a college football bowl game that will be played on December 20, 2018, with kickoff scheduled for 8:00 p.m. EST. It will be the 11th edition of the game now known as the Gasparilla Bowl, and will be one of the 2018–19 bowl games concluding the 2018 FBS football season. Sponsored by lawn mower manufacturing company Bad Boy Mowers, the game will be officially known as the Bad Boy Mowers Gasparilla Bowl. This is the first time for the bowl to be played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, as the prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3212	who plays the woodsman in over the garden wall?	n/a	[ "Christopher Lloyd" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18883465", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nDean respectively), who become lost in a strange forest called the Unknown. In order to find their way home, the two must travel across the seemingly supernatural forest with the occasional help of the wandering, mysterious and elderly Woodsman (Christopher Lloyd) and Beatrice (Melanie Lynskey), an irritable bluebird who travels with the boys in order to find a woman called Adelaide, who can supposedly undo the curse on Beatrice and her family and show the half-brothers the way home. Wirt, the older brother, is a worry-prone teenager who would rather keep to himself than have to make a decision. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18883466", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nthree passions are the clarinet, poetry, and interior design, but he keeps this private out of fear of being mocked. On the other hand, Greg, the younger brother, is all about play and being carefree, much to Wirt's chagrin and the danger to himself and others. Greg carries a frog (Jack Jones), whose name is undetermined and who can communicate only through singing. Stalking the main cast is the Beast (Samuel Ramey), an ancient creature who leads lost souls astray until they lose their hope and willpower and turn into \"\"Edelwood trees\"\". In the final two episodes, it is revealed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632803", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nOver the Garden Wall Over the Garden Wall is an American animated television miniseries created by Patrick McHale for Cartoon Network. The series centers on two half-brothers who travel across a strange forest in order to find their way home, encountering odd and wonderful things on their journey. The show is based on McHale's animated short film \"\"Tome of the Unknown\"\", which was produced as part of Cartoon Network Studios' shorts development program. The show features Elijah Wood and Collin Dean as the protagonists Wirt and Greg, and Melanie Lynskey as a bluebird named Beatrice. \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18883464", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nwhile the program's animation was outsourced to South Korea. The series' environment evokes 19th- and 20th-century Americana, while its digital backgrounds are designed to resemble grisaille paintings. Upon its debut, the series received critical acclaim from television critics, with praise focusing on its mood and characters. In 2015, the series won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program. Outside of the series, a one-shot comic book adaptation penned by McHale has been produced, with four further issues commissioned. This was eventually expanded into an ongoing series. The series follows two half-brothers, Wirt and Greg (voiced by Elijah Wood and Collin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8303973", "chunk_text": "\"Renan Luce\"\nRenan Luce Renan Luce (born 5 March 1980, Paris) is a French singer and songwriter. His songs are inspired by the 20th-century singer and songwriter Georges Brassens and depict everyday life with a dose of humour and poetry. He will be the voice of Wirt in the French dub of \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\"; this will be his first acting role. Born in Paris, Luce spent his childhood and adolescence in Plourin-les-Morlaix, Brittany. He started his musical career singing in a choir with his brother Damien and his sister Claire. Later, he took up classical piano at the conservatory of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632825", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nhis sleep. The other half chronicles the Woodsman's daughter, Anna, and how she became lost in the Unknown. A new graphic novel that will be released on November 21 will focus on Wirt and Greg discovering that Beatrice came back with them to the real world, but not all is as it seems. Over the Garden Wall Over the Garden Wall is an American animated television miniseries created by Patrick McHale for Cartoon Network. The series centers on two half-brothers who travel across a strange forest in order to find their way home, encountering odd and wonderful things on their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18883472", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nor a dog ... Nobody can tell which\"\"). The ten episodes marked the first miniseries on the Cartoon Network. The show features Wood and Dean (reprising their roles from the short), along with Lynskey as the main voice cast. McHale and his crew tried to maintain a balance between frightening imagery and \"\"episodes that are just light and funny\"\". For the music, McHale drew inspiration from \"\"classic American, opera singing\"\". Nick Cross served as art director and Nate Cash as supervising director; both worked with McHale alongside storyboard artists located in New York and Chicago. This distance proved difficult for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12106912", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall (1950 film)\"\nOver the Garden Wall (1950 film) Over the Garden Wall is a 1950 British comedy film directed by John E. Blakeley and starring Norman Evans, Jimmy James and Dan Young. The film was made at Mancunian Films at their Manchester film studios. Although made on a low-budget, the film often topped double bills at cinemas in the North of England because of the popularity of the performers. Working class couple Fanny and Joe (Norman Evans and Jimmy James), are determined to give their daughter Mary (Sonya O'Shea) and her husband Wynn a posh home coming party. Trouble arises when the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8817901", "chunk_text": "\"Elijah Wood\"\ntitle character in \"\"9\"\" (2009); and Spyro in the \"\"Legend of Spyro\"\" video game trilogy (2006–08). In addition, he provided the voice of Beck on Disney XD's \"\"\"\" (2012–13), and Wirt in the Cartoon Network miniseries \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\" (2014). From 2011–14, Wood played the role of Ryan Newman on the FX television series \"\"Wilfred\"\", for which he received a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor. From 2016–17, he starred as Todd Brotzman on the BBC America series \"\"Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency\"\". Wood has his own record label, Simian Records, which he founded in 2005. In 2010, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632817", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nand performed by Frank Fairfield; and \"\"Come Wayward Souls\"\", sung by Samuel Ramey as the Beast. The majority of the series' songs have been officially uploaded to YouTube. On the DVD release they can be heard, along with visuals and without dialogue, in a special feature known as the Composer's Cut. An extended version of the soundtrack, featuring 32 tracks and totaling around 44 minutes in length, was released in the form of a 180 gram vinyl record by Mondo in August 2016. The extended soundtrack debuted at the San Diego Comic-Con, with a limited 1,000 copies, featuring a cover", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12106913", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall (1950 film)\"\nson of Joe's boss (Frederick Bradshaw) turns up and shamelessly flirts with their daughter. Over the Garden Wall (1950 film) Over the Garden Wall is a 1950 British comedy film directed by John E. Blakeley and starring Norman Evans, Jimmy James and Dan Young. The film was made at Mancunian Films at their Manchester film studios. Although made on a low-budget, the film often topped double bills at cinemas in the North of England because of the popularity of the performers. Working class couple Fanny and Joe (Norman Evans and Jimmy James), are determined to give their daughter Mary (Sonya", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15826384", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods\"\nrevival and in 2012 as part of New York City's outdoor Shakespeare in the Park series. A Disney film adaptation directed by Rob Marshall and starring Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski and Johnny Depp was released in 2014. The film grossed over $213 million worldwide, and received three Academy Award nominations and three Golden Globe Award nominations. The Narrator introduces four characters who each have a wish: Cinderella wishes to attend the King's festival; Jack, a simple poor boy, wishes that his cow, Milky White, would give milk; a Baker and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632816", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\non iTunes preceding its broadcast. The series aired on Cartoon Network in Australia from December 15 to 19, 2014 and on Cartoon Network in the United Kingdom and Ireland from April 6 to 10, 2015. Various melodies and songs based on pre-1950s music are heard throughout the series. Elijah Wood, the voice actor for Wirt, has said that \"\"if this show were a record, it would be played on a phonograph\"\". Songs from the series include \"\"Into the Unknown\"\", its title song, composed by Patrick McHale and sung by Jack Jones; \"\"A Courting Song\"\", composed by the Petrojvic Blasting Company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14746854", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Fence (2016 film)\"\nOver the Fence (2016 film) Over the Fence is a 2016 Japanese drama-adventure film by Nobuhiro Yamashita. It is known in Japan as Obâ Fensu \"\"(オーバー・フェンス)\"\" starring the Japanese actor, Odagiri Joe and Aoi Yu. The film is based on Sato Yasushi's novel of the same name, which touches on prevalent societal issues such as divorce and mental health. Yoshio Shiraiwa is divorced from his wife who denies him from visiting their only daughter. He returns to his hometown of Hakodate and enrolls at a vocational school specializing in carpentry while receiving unemployment payments. One day, he chances upon an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12106926", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall (1934 film)\"\na woman exchange glances through the windows of their passing trains. They later discover that they are staying in neighboring houses, but their respective families are feuding and they are only occasionally able to continue their romance across the garden wall. Eventually, they decide to elope together but this only leads to more trouble than it is worth. Over the Garden Wall (1934 film) Over the Garden Wall is a 1934 British romantic comedy film directed by John Daumery and starring Bobby Howes, Marian Marsh and Margaret Bannerman. The film was based on a play \"\"The Youngest of Three\"\" by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632812", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\naround chapters of a mystical tome and the series' title became \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\". Production for \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\" commenced in March 2014. McHale initially envisioned eighteen chapters in the series, but the episode count was brought to ten to accommodate budget and time constraints. Early drafts of episodes from the show's pitch bible included a skinless witch character and a villain who carves dice from the bones of kidnapped children, as well a running plot throughout four episodes in which Wirt and Gregory are transformed into animals (Gregory being a duck and Wirt being \"\"either a bear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19349035", "chunk_text": "\"The Unknown (Over the Garden Wall)\"\nthe Woodsman, and Samuel Ramey as the Beast. The series as a whole, including the finale, received critical acclaim. The episode has been analyzed for its allusions to fear and choice, with journalist Vrai Kaiser noting that the decision made by Wirt and the Woodsman to no longer light the Beast's lantern represents the discovery of \"\"a truth that can not only shape the future but inform the past\"\". The Unknown (Over the Garden Wall) \"\"The Unknown\"\" is the final episode of the American animated television miniseries \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\". It first aired on Cartoon Network on November 7,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18883469", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nfirst envisioned in 2004 with a scarier and more adventure-based storyline. Before working as a storyboard artist on \"\"The Marvelous Misadventures of Flapjack\"\", artist Patrick McHale pitched the show in 2006, then known under the title \"\"Tome of the Unknown\"\". The series would follow two brothers—Walter and Gregory—who, after signing themselves into a Faustian deal with a devil named Old Scratch, journey across the Land of the In-Between to track down the pages of a book of forgotten stories. McHale saw it as \"\"a possible Halloween special\"\", but had trouble adapting the premise with a larger story arc. After his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16039683", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods (film)\"\nInto the Woods (film) Into the Woods is a 2014 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, and adapted to the screen by James Lapine from his and Stephen Sondheim's 1986 Broadway musical of the same name. A Walt Disney Pictures production, it features an ensemble cast that includes Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. Inspired by the Grimm Brothers' fairy tales of \"\"Little Red Riding Hood\"\", \"\"Cinderella\"\", \"\"Jack and the Beanstalk\"\", and \"\"Rapunzel\"\", the film is a fantasy genre", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1799492", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall (1934 film)\"\nOver the Garden Wall (1934 film) Over the Garden Wall is a 1934 British romantic comedy film directed by John Daumery and starring Bobby Howes, Marian Marsh and Margaret Bannerman. The film was based on a play \"\"The Youngest of Three\"\" by H.F. Maltby, who co-wrote the screenplay. It was made at Elstree Studios with sets designed by art director David Rawnsley. Marian Marsh was imported from Hollywood where she had starred in major productions such as \"\"Svengali\"\". while Howes was a popular British star of stage musicals who appeared in several films during the decade. A young man and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19349034", "chunk_text": "\"The Unknown (Over the Garden Wall)\"\nhaving been restored back to life. The other inhabitants of the Unknown appear to be living pleasant lives, and Beatrice and her family are shown in their original human forms. As Greg's frog plays a piano and sings, Greg returns a stolen rock to Mrs. Daniels' garden. The show, created by Patrick McHale, is based on the 2013 animated short film \"\"Tome of the Unknown\"\", which McHale wrote and directed for Cartoon Network Studios as part of their shorts development program. The final episode features Elijah Wood as Wirt, Collin Dean as Greg, Melanie Lynskey as Beatrice, Christopher Lloyd as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7769045", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods (film)\"\nLowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel. A reading was held with a cast that included Robin Williams as the Baker, Goldie Hawn as the Baker's Wife, Cher as the Witch, Danny DeVito as the Giant, Steve Martin as the Wolf, and Roseanne Barr as Jack's Mother. By 1991, Columbia Pictures and Jim Henson Productions were also developing a film adaptation with Craig Zadan as producer and Rob Minkoff as director. In 1997, Columbia put the film into turnaround, with Minkoff still attached as director, and Billy Crystal, Meg Ryan, and Susan Sarandon reportedly in talks to star. After the report by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16039726", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods (film)\"\ndelight\"\". Into the Woods (film) Into the Woods is a 2014 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, and adapted to the screen by James Lapine from his and Stephen Sondheim's 1986 Broadway musical of the same name. A Walt Disney Pictures production, it features an ensemble cast that includes Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. Inspired by the Grimm Brothers' fairy tales of \"\"Little Red Riding Hood\"\", \"\"Cinderella\"\", \"\"Jack and the Beanstalk\"\", and \"\"Rapunzel\"\", the film is a fantasy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21011724", "chunk_text": "\"Tome of the Unknown\"\nTome of the Unknown Tome of the Unknown: Harvest Melody, usually shortened to Tome of the Unknown, is a 2013 animated short film created by Patrick McHale and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. The film serves as the inspiration and pilot for the miniseries \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\", which premiered in 2014. In the film, Wirt (Elijah Wood), his brother Gregory (Collin Dean), and Beatrice, a bluebird, head to the big city in search of an arcane book of all known things, meeting a vegetable man along the way. Finally, in this short Warren Burton serves as narrator. McHale initially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9882669", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Hedge (film)\"\nOver the Hedge (film) Over the Hedge is a 2006 American computer-animated comedy film based on the United Media comic strip of the same name. Produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by Paramount Pictures, which acquired the live-action DreamWorks studio the same year, the film was directed by Tim Johnson and Karey Kirkpatrick from a screenplay by Len Blum, Lorne Cameron, David Hoselton and Kirkpatrick. Featuring the voices of Bruce Willis, Garry Shandling, Steve Carell, William Shatner, Wanda Sykes and Nick Nolte, the film was released on May 19, 2006 in the United States and earned $336 million on an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10397640", "chunk_text": "\"Greg Fawcett\"\nGreg Fawcett Greg Wendell Fawcett (born November 30, 1969 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American film and television actor, producer and screenwriter. He attended a private boarding school on the East Coast and graduated with his BA in the Dramatic Arts program at the University of Southern California. He has appeared and worked alongside some of Hollywood’s biggest names and has performed in numerous television shows such as \"\"The New Adventures of Robin Hood\"\", \"\"Point Pleasant\"\", \"\"Fashion House\"\" and \"\"Sunset Beach\"\" as well as the films \"\"Ca$h\"\", \"\"Jack Woody\"\" and the adaption of \"\"Beyond the Wall of Sleep\"\". In 2015,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12216816", "chunk_text": "\"David Denman\"\nDavid Denman David Denman (born July 25, 1973) is an American actor. He made his film debut with Keanu Reeves and Gene Hackman as the deaf tight-end in the Warner Bros. football comedy \"\"The Replacements\"\". His other feature credits include Tim Burton’s \"\"Big Fish\"\" with Ewan McGregor, \"\"Fair Game\"\" with Sean Penn, \"\"The Nines\"\" with Ryan Reynolds and Melissa McCarthy, \"\"Shutter\"\", \"\"Smart People\"\", \"\"Fanboys\"\", \"\"Let Go\"\", and the snowboard comedy \"\"Out Cold\"\" opposite Zach Galifianakis. Other films include \"\"After Earth\"\", \"\"Jobs\"\", \"\"Beneath the Harvest Sky\"\", \"\"Men, Women & Children\"\" and Joel Edgerton’s directorial debut \"\"The Gift\"\" with Jason Bateman and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8238120", "chunk_text": "\"Jerron \"\"Blind Boy\"\" Paxton\"\nAcoustic Blues,\"\" in December 2012. In 2014, he voiced and sang the lines of \"\"The Highwayman\"\", a character from the fourth episode of \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\", \"\"Songs of the Dark Lantern.\"\" In 2017, Paxton appeared in the award-winning documentary film \"\"The American Epic Sessions,\"\" directed by Bernard MacMahon, recording Blind Gary Davis’s “Candy Man” on the first electrical sound recording system from the 1920s. Jerron \"\"Blind Boy\"\" Paxton Jerron \"\"Blind Boy\"\" Paxton (born January 26, 1989) is an American musician from Los Angeles. A vocalist and multi-instrumentalist, Paxton's style draws from blues and jazz music before World War II", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17127118", "chunk_text": "\"Christopher Lloyd\"\nUncle Fester in \"\"The Addams Family\"\" (1991) and its sequel \"\"Addams Family Values\"\" (1993). Lloyd earned a third Emmy for his 1992 guest appearance in \"\"Road to Avonlea\"\", and won an Independent Spirit Award for his performance in \"\"Twenty Bucks\"\" (1993). He has done extensive voice work, including Merlock in \"\"\"\" (1990), Grigori Rasputin in \"\"Anastasia\"\" (1997), The Woodsman in Cartoon Network miniseries \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\" (2014), and the Hacker in PBS Kids series \"\"Cyberchase\"\" (2002–present), which earned him two further Emmy nominations. He has also been nominated for two Saturn Awards and a BIFA Award. Lloyd was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7113088", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Magnussen\"\nBilly Magnussen William Gregory Magnussen (born April 20, 1985) is an American actor of stage, television, and film. He is best known for roles in \"\"Into the Woods\"\" (2014), \"\"Birth of the Dragon\"\" (2016), and \"\"Game Night\"\" (2018). Magnussen was born in Woodhaven, Queens, New York, the son of Daina, an aerobics instructor, and Greg Magnussen, a professional bodybuilder and kickboxer. He has two younger brothers. His maternal grandparents were Lithuanian immigrants. He grew up in Queens around Woodhaven Blvd. until the age of 10, when he moved with his family to Cumming, Georgia. Magnussen graduated from South Forsyth High", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7769053", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods (film)\"\nbe adjusted accordingly. However, her \"\"overweight\"\" appearance during production actually fit in with the role of the Baker's Wife; as she explained, \"\"I feel like she would have eaten a lot of carbs working in the bakery.\"\" Also in May, Jake Gyllenhaal and Chris Pine entered negotiations to play the Princes. However, Gyllenhaal dropped out of the film due to scheduling conflicts with another film, \"\"Nightcrawler\"\", and was subsequently replaced by Billy Magnussen. One month later, Anna Kendrick began talks to play Cinderella in the film. In June 2013, Walt Disney Studios publicly announced that the film had been greenlighted,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7769051", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods (film)\"\nto help make the film on such a tight budget, Depp agreed as a favor to Disney and to Marshall (whom he had just worked with in \"\"On Stranger Tides\"\") to a \"\"boarding\"\" arrangement, in which he would appear in a minor role for a fee of $1 million, instead of his typical fee of $20 million for a starring role. In May, James Corden, who took part in the reading of the screenplay, was in talks to play the role of the Baker. On May 10, 2013, Disney confirmed the casting of Streep, Depp, and Corden as the Witch,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15826418", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods\"\nafter a run of 18 previews and 279 regular performances. It starred Vanessa L. Williams as the Witch, John McMartin as the Narrator, Stephen DeRosa as the Baker, Kerry O'Malley as the Baker's Wife, Gregg Edelman as Cinderella's Prince/Wolf, Christopher Sieber as Rapunzel's Prince/Wolf, Molly Ephraim as Little Red Ridinghood, Adam Wylie as Jack and Laura Benanti as Cinderella. Judi Dench provided the pre-recorded voice of the Giant. Lapine revised the script slightly for this production, with a cameo appearance of the \"\"Three Little Pigs\"\" restored from the earlier San Diego production. Other changes, apart from numerous small dialogue changes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977741", "chunk_text": "\"Kostja Ullmann\"\nsimilar role. Directed by Angelina Maccarone, he plays a young delinquent who engages in an \"\"amour fou\"\" with his probation officer who is more than 30 years older than he is. The film won a Golden Leopard at the 2006 Locarno International Film Festival. He acted as Hermann Lake in German-Japan collaborated movie Baruto no Gakuen (\"\"Ode an die Freude\"\") in 2006. Ullmann played the lead role, Luca Behrendt, in the 2008 movie \"\"Die Zeit, die man Leben nennt\"\". Ullmann will voice Wirt in the German dub of \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\". Kostja Ullmann Kostja Ullmann (born May 30, 1984)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2933794", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Hedge\"\nadaptation features RJ befriending a group of woodlanders (two of whom are Hammy and Verne) and introducing them to suburbia, with an ulterior motive of helping him replenish the food supply he stole from a bear. Bruce Willis, Garry Shandling, Steve Carell, William Shatner, Wanda Sykes and Nick Nolte star as RJ, Verne, Hammy, Ozzie (an opossum), Stella (a skunk), and Vincent (a bear), respectively. The film is also notable for containing Avril Lavigne's first major film role, as Heather, Ozzie's continuously embarrassed teenage daughter. The film grossed $155,000,000 in the United States and $180,000,000 overseas, making the gross $336,000,000.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632819", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\n\"\"Behind Over the Garden Wall\"\". On April 6, 2016, Madman Entertainment released the miniseries on Blu-ray exclusively in Australia and New Zealand with the same bonus content as the DVD release. \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\" was critically acclaimed. Preceding its premiere, Patrick Kevin Day of the \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" called it \"\"funny, creepy\"\" and, from the premise, \"\"not as simple as it sounds\"\". In \"\"TV Guide\"\" and also before the premiere, Megan Walsh-Boyle felt that the show's fictional universe \"\"sounds like a world worth getting lost in\"\". Meredith Woerner of \"\"io9\"\" called a preview of the show \"\"amazing\"\", \"\"weird, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7113093", "chunk_text": "\"Billy Magnussen\"\nthe 19th-season episode, \"\"Sweetie\"\". Magnussen appeared in four episodes of \"\"The Divide\"\", and guest-starred on \"\"\"\" in episode 3 of season 2, titled \"\"Borderline\"\". In 2017, Magnussen guest-starred as Russ Snyder on \"\"Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt\"\". Magnussen once was the bass player and a contributing songwriter for the New York City-based rock band The Dash. He plays guitar in the New York City-based band Reserved for Rondee. Billy Magnussen William Gregory Magnussen (born April 20, 1985) is an American actor of stage, television, and film. He is best known for roles in \"\"Into the Woods\"\" (2014), \"\"Birth of the Dragon\"\" (2016),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15826430", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods\"\nwith the second act completely removed, as well as almost half the material from the first. The show is shortened from the original 2 and a half hours to fit in a 50-minute range, and the music transposed into keys that more easily fit young voices. A theatrical film adaptation of the musical was produced by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Rob Marshall, and starring Meryl Streep, Emily Blunt, James Corden, Anna Kendrick, Chris Pine, Tracey Ullman, Christine Baranski, Lilla Crawford, Daniel Huttlestone, MacKenzie Mauzy, Billy Magnussen, and Johnny Depp. The film was released on December 25, 2014. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "952265", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods\"\nup in a tree.\"\" \"\"The New York Times\"\" reviewer commented: \"\"The natural environment makes for something genuinely haunting and mysterious as night falls on the audience...\"\" Stephen Sondheim attended twice, reportedly extremely pleased with the production. The production also won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival and Michael Xavier, who played Cinderella's Prince and the Wolf, was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical. The production was recorded in its entirety. The Regent's Park Open Air Theatre production transferred to the Public Theater's 2012 summer series of free performances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18910710", "chunk_text": "\"Norman Evans\"\nNorman Evans Norman Evans (11 June 1901 – 25 November 1962) was a variety and radio performer, born in Rochdale, Lancashire, England. Evans was discovered by fellow Rochdale entertainer Gracie Fields. The act for which he is best remembered was \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\", in which he played Fanny Fairbottom, a toothless hatchet-faced Lancastrian housewife gossiping over a garden wall, The routine was the inspiration for Les Dawson and Roy Barraclough's later Cissie and Ada characters. The one-sided conversations would embrace local gossip, including scandal about the neighbours and personal medical complaints, including silently mouthing words deemed too rude to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18632814", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nMcHale, who found it \"\"particularly daunting considering the idiosyncratic nature of the production\"\". The series' art was inspired by a variety of sources, including the 1890s McLoughlin Brothers board game \"\"Game of Frog Pond\"\", illustrations by Gustave Doré for Cervantes's \"\"Don Quixote\"\", old illustrations for the Hans Christian Andersen story \"\"The Tinderbox\"\", the Cheshire Cat illustration by John Tenniel from \"\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\"\", and the \"\"Dogville Comedies\"\" short films. McHale referenced chromolithography, vintage Halloween postcards, magic lantern slides, and photographs of New England foliage to create the show's style. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> McHale's original short, \"\"Tome of the Unknown\"\", was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2148995", "chunk_text": "\"Woody Woodpecker (2017 film)\"\nWoody Woodpecker (2017 film) Woody Woodpecker is a 2017 American live-action/computer-animated comedy film produced by Mike Elliott and directed by Alex Zamm, based on the classic short films the cartoon character of the same name created by Walter Lantz and Ben Hardaway. The film stars the voice of Eric Bauza as Woody Woodpecker, and also stars Timothy Omundson as Lance Walters, a divorced attorney with a son and a new girlfriend who wants to build a dream home in a forest in the mountains of Washington, only to find out he is cutting down a tree in which the eponymous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10302194", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Mills Wood\"\nWood appeared in numerous television shows and over ten films including \"\"Ulee's Gold\"\", \"\"Apollo 13\"\", \"\"Under Siege\"\", and \"\"Avalon\"\". He worked for a variety of film directors including Andrew Davis, Ron Howard, Barry Levinson, Nora Ephron, and Victor Nuñez. On Broadway, Wood starred with Jason Robards and Christopher Plummer in Harold Pinter's four-character \"\"No Man's Land\"\" and performed in off-Broadway productions starring opposite such actors as Laura Dern, Oliver Platt, and Kyle MacLachlan. In 2005, Wood founded an interdependent entertainment company dedicated to empowerment, inventiveness and respect of world cultures through entertainment. The company creates, develops, packages and promotes film,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7769050", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods (film)\"\nthe Witch. Streep had instituted a personal \"\"no witch\"\" rule after she turned 40 and was offered three witch roles, but ultimately broke her own rule to do a Sondheim role again. (As a young Yale University student, she had participated in the original production of Sondheim's \"\"The Frogs\"\".) During the same month, it was reported that Janney had been confirmed to join the film as well. Five months later, however, Tracey Ullman was cast as Jack's Mother instead. In April 2013, Johnny Depp was in final negotiations, along with Streep, to join the film. \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" reported that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20640676", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Jones (singer)\"\nBest Pop Male Performance), \"\"The Race Is On\"\", \"\"Lollipops and Roses\"\" (1962, Grammy Award, Best Pop Male Performance), \"\"The Impossible Dream\"\", \"\"Call Me Irresponsible\"\", \"\"Lady\"\", and \"\"The Love Boat Theme\"\". He was also the voice of Greg's frog in the 2014 animated television miniseries \"\"Over the Garden Wall\"\". John Allan Jones, the son of actors Allan Jones and Irene Hervey, was born in Los Angeles on the night his father recorded his signature song \"\"The Donkey Serenade\"\", causing him to say that he was \"\"practically born in a trunk\"\". The young Jones attended University High School in West Los Angeles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15826425", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Woods\"\nGrodin as Rapunzel’s Prince, Ivan Hernandez as Cinderella’s Prince/Wolf, Tina Johnson as Granny, Josh Lamon as the Steward, Jessie Mueller as Cinderella, Laura Shoop as Cinderella’s Mother, Tess Soltau as Rapunzel and Glenn Close as the Voice of the Giant. The set was a \"\"collaboration between original Open Air Theatre designer Soutra Gilmour and...John Lee Beatty, [and] rises over 50 feet in the air, with a series of tree-covered catwalks and pathways.\"\" The production was dedicated to Nora Ephron, who died earlier in 2012. In February 2012 and in May 2012, reports of a possible Broadway transfer surfaced with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18883467", "chunk_text": "\"Over the Garden Wall\"\nthat Wirt and Greg are actually from the modern era. Wirt and Greg's strange appearance stems from the fact that the night they entered the Unknown was Halloween. Wirt, attempting to take back an embarrassing poetry tape he made for a girl he likes, had followed her to a graveyard scary story gathering before a police officer scared him and Greg into jumping over the cemetery's garden wall. On the other side of the wall, they landed on train tracks where Greg was almost hit by a train. Wirt pushed them both off a hill into a lake/river in an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7508527", "chunk_text": "\"Emory Cohen\"\nEmory Cohen Emory Isaac Cohen (born March 13, 1990) is an American actor. He made his feature film debut in \"\"Afterschool\"\" (2008). He is best known for his roles as AJ Cross in Derek Cianfrance's film \"\"The Place Beyond the Pines\"\" (2012), Tony Fiorello in John Crowley's film \"\"Brooklyn\"\" (2015) and Homer in the Netflix series \"\"The OA\"\" (2016). Cohen was born in Manhattan, the only child of Donna (née Ackerman), a director of a preschool, and Noel Cohen, a music teacher. He is Jewish, a fourth generation New Yorker whose ancestors emigrated from Russia. Cohen made his stage debut", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10710587", "chunk_text": "\"D. B. Sweeney\"\nD. B. Sweeney Daniel Bernard Sweeney (born November 14, 1961) is an American actor. Sweeney was born in Shoreham, New York, on November 14, 1961. He attended both Tulane and New York University. Sweeney guest-starred in the television series \"\"The Edge of Night\"\" and \"\"\"\". In films, he has played Jackie Willow, a Vietnam-era soldier, in Francis Ford Coppola's \"\"Gardens of Stone\"\" (1987), navigator 1st Lt. Phil Lowenthal in \"\"Memphis Belle\"\" (1990), and Travis Walton in \"\"Fire in the Sky\"\" (1993). He also played former ice hockey player Doug Dorsey in \"\"The Cutting Edge\"\" (1992), Shoeless Joe Jackson in \"\"Eight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11701698", "chunk_text": "\"The Wicker Man\"\nthe island's leader, Lord Summerisle (Christopher Lee), grandson of a Victorian agronomist, to obtain permission for an exhumation. Lord Summerisle explains that his grandfather developed strains of fruit trees that would prosper in Scotland's climate, and encouraged the belief that old gods would use the new strains to bring prosperity to the island. Over the next several generations, the island's inhabitants fully embraced pagan religion. Howie finds the missing harvest photograph, showing Rowan standing amidst empty boxes. His research reveals that when there is a poor harvest, the islanders make a human sacrifice to ensure that the next will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3213	who played anna in once upon a time?	n/a	[ "Elizabeth Dean Lail" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12613565", "chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Lail\"\nElizabeth Lail Elizabeth Dean Lail (born March 25, 1992) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Amy Hughes in the 2016 Freeform television series \"\"Dead of Summer\"\" and as Guinevere Beck in the 2018 Lifetime television series \"\"You\"\", and for her recurring role as Anna in the fourth season of the ABC adventure fantasy television series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". Lail was born in Williamson County, Texas, to her parents, Dean Franklin Lail and wife Kay Lurene Surratt. She has one older sister. Lail grew up in Asheboro, North Carolina. After graduating from Asheboro High", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977035", "chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Lail\"\ncast as a female lead in the Lifetime television series, \"\"You\"\", opposite Penn Badgley and Shay Mitchell. Elizabeth Lail Elizabeth Dean Lail (born March 25, 1992) is an American actress. She is known for her starring roles as Amy Hughes in the 2016 Freeform television series \"\"Dead of Summer\"\" and as Guinevere Beck in the 2018 Lifetime television series \"\"You\"\", and for her recurring role as Anna in the fourth season of the ABC adventure fantasy television series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". Lail was born in Williamson County, Texas, to her parents, Dean Franklin Lail and wife Kay Lurene Surratt.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9889681", "chunk_text": "\"Anna (Once Upon a Time)\"\nAnna (Once Upon a Time) Anna is a fictional character that appears in the fourth season of \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", with actress Elizabeth Lail portraying the character. Anna is loosely based on the character with the same name from the 2013 animated film \"\"Frozen. Following the events of the film \"\"Frozen\"\", Anna is preparing to wed Kristoff when Elsa finds a diary from their mother stating their real reason for their parents' fatal trip. Determined to seek answers, Anna postpones her wedding and travels to the Enchanted Forest (known as Misthaven in Arendelle). Anna meets David, a friend of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12940113", "chunk_text": "\"Anna (Once Upon a Time)\"\nEventually, Anna reunites with her sister, helps Ingrid see the errors of her ways, and marries Kristoff. With the introduction of \"\"Frozen\"\" characters, the season 4 of \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" saw a 31-percent increase in ratings from the autumn of 2013 (9.3 million viewers), marking its best ratings in almost two years. Anna (Once Upon a Time) Anna is a fictional character that appears in the fourth season of \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", with actress Elizabeth Lail portraying the character. Anna is loosely based on the character with the same name from the 2013 animated film \"\"Frozen. Following the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10539888", "chunk_text": "\"Meghan Ory\"\nMeghan Ory Meghan Ory (born August 20, 1982) is a Canadian television and film actress. She is best known for her role as Red Riding Hood/Ruby on the ABC fantasy series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" and also starred in the short-lived CBS drama \"\"Intelligence\"\" as Riley Neal. Ory currently stars in the Hallmark family drama \"\"Chesapeake Shores\"\" as Abby O'Brien. Ory was born in Victoria, British Columbia, and attended Royal Oak Middle School and then Claremont Secondary School. After receiving the Fine Arts Award for Acting from Royal Oak in 1996, she began pursuing a career in acting. Her first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6588356", "chunk_text": "\"Patti Murin\"\nPatti Murin Patti Murin (born September 28, 1980) is an American actress, singer and dancer. On Broadway, she has originated the title role in \"\"Lysistrata Jones\"\" (2011) and Princess Anna in \"\"Frozen\"\" (2018). She also had a recurring role as Dr. Nina Shore in the NBC medical drama \"\"Chicago Med\"\" from 2016 to 2017. Murin was born and raised in Hopewell Junction, New York, and attended Syracuse University, where she majored in musical theatre. Murin began her career in regional theatre, playing Polly in \"\"Crazy for You\"\" in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. Her Off-Broadway debut was in 2005 in the staged", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977034", "chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Lail\"\nSchool in 2009, she attended the University of North Carolina School of the Arts, graduating in May 2014. Lail mostly worked in student film productions, such as \"\"Model Airplane\"\" and \"\"Without\"\", immediately after graduating from university. She had moved to New York City to pursue stage work when she landed an audition for ABC's \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", after which she was cast as Anna in the fourth season of the series. Lail was cast in a starring role in the Freeform horror series \"\"Dead of Summer\"\" playing the role of camp counselor Amy. On July 27, 2017, Lail was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496157", "chunk_text": "\"Jaime Murray\"\nJaime Murray Jaime Murray (born 21 July 1976) is an English actress, known for playing Stacie Monroe in the BBC series \"\"Hustle\"\" (2004–2012), Lila Tourray in the Showtime series \"\"Dexter\"\" (2007), Gaia in the Starz miniseries \"\"\"\" (2011), Olivia Charles in The CW series \"\"Ringer\"\" (2011–2012), Helena G. Wells in the Syfy series \"\"Warehouse 13\"\" (2010–2014), Stahma Tarr in the Syfy series \"\"Defiance\"\" (2013–2015), Fiona/the Black Fairy in the ABC series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2016–2017) and Antoinette in the CW series \"\"The Originals\"\" (2018). Murray was born in London, England, to Elaine and English actor Billy Murray. She was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2344611", "chunk_text": "\"Lindsay Felton\"\nand Felton was eliminated in the final episode, finishing in third place. Lindsay Felton Lindsay Marie Felton (born December 4, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Caitlin Seeger in \"\"Caitlin's Way\"\" and Anna Morgan in \"\"Anna's Dream\"\". Felton was born in Seattle, Washington. She had a variety of roles since beginning acting in advertisements on local television at age three. Her first major network television appearance came in 1994 on the short-lived ABC sitcom \"\"Thunder Alley\"\", as the granddaughter of Edward Asner's character. She made her feature film debut in 1998 in \"\"\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14636290", "chunk_text": "\"Rebecca Mader\"\nRebecca Mader Rebecca Leigh Mader (born 24 April 1977) is an English actress, best known for her roles as Charlotte Lewis in the ABC series \"\"Lost\"\", and as Zelena, the Wicked Witch of the West, on ABC's \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". Mader was born in 1977 in Cambridge, England. She worked as a model in New York City for a year, appearing in adverts for L'Oréal, Colgate and Wella Hair. She began her television career on the ABC daytime soap operas \"\"All My Children\"\" as Morgan Gordon, and \"\"One Life to Live\"\" as Margaret Cochran. She also appeared on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1733847", "chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Morrison\"\nJennifer Morrison Jennifer Marie Morrison (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress, producer, director, and former child model. She is known for her roles as Dr. Allison Cameron in the medical-drama series \"\"House\"\" (2004–2012) and Emma Swan in the ABC adventure-fantasy series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2011–2017, 2018). She has also portrayed Zoey Pierson, one of Ted Mosby's love interests on the comedy series \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\"; Winona Kirk, mother of James T. Kirk in the 2009 science-fiction film \"\"Star Trek\"\"; and Tess Conlon in the 2011 sports drama film \"\"Warrior\"\". She made her feature film directorial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1733858", "chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Morrison\"\nJennifer Morrison Jennifer Marie Morrison (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress, producer, director, and former child model. She is known for her roles as Dr. Allison Cameron in the medical-drama series \"\"House\"\" (2004–2012) and Emma Swan in the ABC adventure-fantasy series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2011–2017, 2018). She has also portrayed Zoey Pierson, one of Ted Mosby's love interests on the comedy series \"\"How I Met Your Mother\"\"; Winona Kirk, mother of James T. Kirk in the 2009 science-fiction film \"\"Star Trek\"\"; and Tess Conlon in the 2011 sports drama film \"\"Warrior\"\". She made her feature film directorial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12469951", "chunk_text": "\"Rebecca Mader\"\ntwo were married on 23 November 2016. Rebecca Mader Rebecca Leigh Mader (born 24 April 1977) is an English actress, best known for her roles as Charlotte Lewis in the ABC series \"\"Lost\"\", and as Zelena, the Wicked Witch of the West, on ABC's \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". Mader was born in 1977 in Cambridge, England. She worked as a model in New York City for a year, appearing in adverts for L'Oréal, Colgate and Wella Hair. She began her television career on the ABC daytime soap operas \"\"All My Children\"\" as Morgan Gordon, and \"\"One Life to Live\"\" as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2207255", "chunk_text": "\"Rebecca Rittenhouse\"\nRebecca Rittenhouse Rebecca Rittenhouse (born Rebecca Rittenhouse Meaders; November 30, 1988) is an American actress. She starred as Cody LeFever in the ABC prime time soap opera, \"\"Blood & Oil\"\" and played the role Dr. Anna Ziev in the Hulu romantic comedy \"\"The Mindy Project\"\". Rittenhouse was born in Los Angeles and grew up in Pasadena. She performed drama in high school, but never thought of it as a career. Rittenhouse attended University of Pennsylvania studying romance languages, and afterwards decided to study acting at the Atlantic Theater Company in New York City. Rittenhouse made her Off-Broadway debut in \"\"Commons", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10407368", "chunk_text": "\"Heather Lind\"\nHeather Lind Heather Lind (born March 22, 1983) is an American actress. She is known for her portrayal of Anna Strong in the AMC series \"\"\"\". She is the twin sister of actress Christina Bennett Lind. Lind was born in Upland, Pennsylvania, and was raised in Guilderland, New York. She earned her Bachelor of Arts in 2005 at Fordham University and her Master of Fine Arts in acting at New York University's Graduate Acting program. She made her Broadway debut in the Shakespeare in the Park production \"\"The Merchant of Venice\"\", in which she played Jessica, the daughter of Shylock,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9733946", "chunk_text": "\"Jessy Schram\"\nJessy Schram Jessica \"\"Jessy\"\" Schram (born January 15, 1986) is an American actress and model. Her most notable roles include Hannah Griffith in \"\"Veronica Mars\"\", Rachel Seybolt in \"\"Life\"\", Karen Nadler in \"\"Falling Skies\"\" and Cinderella/Ashley Boyd in \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". Born in Skokie, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, Schram modeled and appeared in television commercials as a child, and began performing in musical theatre at age 12. She resided in Buffalo Grove, Illinois and graduated from Buffalo Grove High School in 2004. Schram moved to Los Angeles after graduating at age 18 and began working in TV. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10407371", "chunk_text": "\"Heather Lind\"\npatted women’s rears in what he intended to be a good-natured manner. Some have seen it as innocent; others clearly view it as inappropriate. To anyone he has offended, President Bush apologizes most sincerely.\"\" Heather Lind Heather Lind (born March 22, 1983) is an American actress. She is known for her portrayal of Anna Strong in the AMC series \"\"\"\". She is the twin sister of actress Christina Bennett Lind. Lind was born in Upland, Pennsylvania, and was raised in Guilderland, New York. She earned her Bachelor of Arts in 2005 at Fordham University and her Master of Fine Arts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7239069", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (season 4)\"\nfellow cast members Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan, Josh Dallas as Prince Charming / David Nolan, Colin O'Donoghue as Captain Killian \"\"Hook\"\" Jones and Jared S. Gilmore as Henry Mills, Lana Parrilla as the Evil Queen / Regina Mills and Emilie de Ravin as Belle. De Ravin also confirmed Robert Carlyle's return as Rumpelstiltskin / Mr. Gold, through a photo on her Instagram. On July 1, 2014, it was announced that Scott Michael Foster had been cast as \"\"Frozen\"\" character Kristoff and Elizabeth Lail as Anna. The following day, it was announced Georgina Haig had been cast as Elsa. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2344609", "chunk_text": "\"Lindsay Felton\"\nLindsay Felton Lindsay Marie Felton (born December 4, 1984) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Caitlin Seeger in \"\"Caitlin's Way\"\" and Anna Morgan in \"\"Anna's Dream\"\". Felton was born in Seattle, Washington. She had a variety of roles since beginning acting in advertisements on local television at age three. Her first major network television appearance came in 1994 on the short-lived ABC sitcom \"\"Thunder Alley\"\", as the granddaughter of Edward Asner's character. She made her feature film debut in 1998 in \"\"\"\". In 2000, Felton got her first starring role, as Caitlin Seeger on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15248594", "chunk_text": "\"Darya Ekamasova\"\nDarya Ekamasova Darya Nikolaevna Ekamasova (Russian:Дарья Николаевна Екамасова; born 20 May 1984) is a Russian theater and film actress. Her film credits include \"\"Once Upon a Time There Lived a Simple Woman\"\" (2011), \"\"Free Floating\"\" (2006) and \"\"Celestial Wives of the Meadow Mari\"\" (2012). She was also featured in the television mini-series \"\"Kuprin. Yama\"\" (2014). In the fifth and sixth seasons of \"\"The Americans\"\" (2017-2018), she plays the role of Sofia Kovalenko. Darya Ekamasova was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. After music school Darya Ekamasova entered directly on the course of the Russian University of Theatre Arts (Workshop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11244201", "chunk_text": "\"Alexandra Daddario\"\nAlexandra Daddario Alexandra Anna Daddario (born March 16, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Annabeth Chase in the \"\"Percy Jackson\"\" film series, Blake Gaines in \"\"San Andreas\"\", and Summer Quinn in \"\"Baywatch\"\". Daddario also starred in the films \"\"Texas Chainsaw 3D\"\" and \"\"Hall Pass\"\", and has guest starred in television series such as \"\"White Collar\"\", \"\"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\"\", \"\"True Detective\"\", \"\"New Girl\"\" and \"\"\"\". Daddario was born in New York City, the eldest child of Christina, a lawyer, and Richard Daddario, a prosecutor and former head of the New York City Police Department counter-terrorism", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7414473", "chunk_text": "\"Agnes Bruckner\"\nAgnes Bruckner Agnes Bruckner (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and former model. She began acting on television in the late 1990s and has since appeared in several films, including \"\"The Woods\"\", \"\"Blue Car\"\", \"\"Murder by Numbers\"\", \"\"Blood and Chocolate\"\", and \"\"The Anna Nicole Story\"\". Bruckner was born in Hollywood, California, to a Hungarian father and a Russian mother who have since divorced; her paternal grandfather was German. Her parents met in Hungary and immigrated to the U.S. in 1984 through a refugee camp in Italy. She has two sisters and a brother. Bruckner speaks some Russian and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10878121", "chunk_text": "\"Anastasia Griffith\"\nGriffith returned on 17 June 2010, at the end from episode 3 season 2 from \"\"Royal Pains\"\", as Dr. Emily Peck. Griffith appeared in the Lifetime television movie \"\"And Baby Will Fall\"\" (2011), as Ivy Rose. She can be seen as Elizabeth Haverford Morehouse, the English wife of a wealthy businessman, on the BBC America series \"\"Copper\"\".\"\" In 2011, she appeared in the first season of ABC's television series, \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\", playing Storybrooke's Kathryn Nolan and her counterpart Abigail. Anastasia Griffith Anastasia Griffith (born 23 March 1978) is a British actress known for her roles on the FX", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10036612", "chunk_text": "\"Maria Bello\"\nMaria Bello Maria Elena Bello (born April 18, 1967) is an American actress and writer. Her many film roles include \"\"Permanent Midnight\"\" (1998), \"\"Payback\"\" (1999), \"\"Coyote Ugly\"\" (2000), \"\"The Cooler\"\" (2003), \"\"A History of Violence\"\" (2005), \"\"\"\" (2008), \"\"Prisoners\"\" (2013), and \"\"Lights Out\"\" (2016). Bello is known for her television roles as Dr. Anna Del Amico on the medical drama \"\"ER\"\" (1997–1998), with other starring roles including that as Lucy Robbins on the series \"\"Touch\"\" in 2013, as Michelle McBride on the first season of the series \"\"Goliath\"\" in 2016, and since 2017 as Special Agent Jacqueline \"\"Jack\"\" Sloane on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10539893", "chunk_text": "\"Meghan Ory\"\nwas cancelled after one season due to poor ratings. In the 2016 Hallmark original series \"\"Chesapeake Shores\"\", she stars as a divorced career woman with two young daughters who returns to her hometown. In 2008, she married John Reardon, with whom she worked on \"\"Merlin's Apprentice\"\". In May 2018, Ory announced that they had welcomed their first child. Meghan Ory Meghan Ory (born August 20, 1982) is a Canadian television and film actress. She is best known for her role as Red Riding Hood/Ruby on the ABC fantasy series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" and also starred in the short-lived CBS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5817546", "chunk_text": "\"Alison Fernandez\"\nAlison Fernandez Alison Fernandez (born July 20, 2005) is an American child actress best known for her role in ABC's \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" as Lucy and in the 2017 film \"\"Logan\"\" as Delilah. She has had recurring roles in Netflix's \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and The CW's \"\"Jane the Virgin\"\" as Young Jane. Fernandez was born in Brooklyn, New York. She started her acting career at age five in New York City community theaters, She is the daughter of Manuel Fernandez, who has been her manager from the time she started acting. She has an older sister, Sabrina,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6652672", "chunk_text": "\"Emilie de Ravin\"\nde Ravin had become an American citizen. Emilie de Ravin Emilie de Ravin (; born 27 December 1981) is an Australian-American actress. She starred as Tess Harding on \"\"Roswell\"\" (2000–2002), Claire Littleton on the ABC drama \"\"Lost\"\" (2004–2010), and as Belle on the ABC drama \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2012–2018). De Ravin's film credits include \"\"Santa's Slay\"\" (2005), \"\"The Hills Have Eyes\"\" (2006) and \"\"Ball Don't Lie\"\" (2008). She starred as Emily, the heroin-addicted ex-girlfriend of Brendan Frye, in the neo-noir film \"\"Brick\"\" (2005). She had a cameo in \"\"Public Enemies\"\" (2009) and starred in \"\"Remember Me\"\" (2010). De Ravin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15118156", "chunk_text": "\"Finola Hughes\"\nFinola Hughes Finola Hughes (born 29 October 1959) is an English actress, television host, entrepreneur, author, and dancer, best known for role as Anna Devane on the ABC soap operas \"\"General Hospital\"\" and \"\"All My Children\"\", and her portrayal of Laura in the 1983 film \"\"Staying Alive\"\", the sequel to \"\"Saturday Night Fever\"\". She is also known for her portrayal of Anna Devane's identical twin, Dr. Alexandra Devane Marick, on \"\"All My Children\"\", and Patty Halliwell on the supernatural series, \"\"Charmed\"\". She also portrayed Carol in the final seasons of the NBC sitcom \"\"Blossom\"\". Hughes has also appeared in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6682293", "chunk_text": "\"Daniella Alonso\"\nDaniella Alonso Daniella Alonso (born September 22, 1978) is an American actress and fashion model known for her roles on the NBC shows \"\"Revolution\"\" as Nora Clayton and \"\"Friday Night Lights\"\" as Carlotta Alonso. She is also known for her guest appearances as Anna Taggaro on The WB television series \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" and her lead roles in movies \"\"The Hills Have Eyes 2\"\" and \"\"\"\". Alonso starred in the first season of another NBC series \"\"The Night Shift\"\" as Dr. Landry de la Cruz. Alonso was born in New York City. Her mother is Puerto Rican, and her father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5123106", "chunk_text": "\"Emilie de Ravin\"\nEmilie de Ravin Emilie de Ravin (; born 27 December 1981) is an Australian-American actress. She starred as Tess Harding on \"\"Roswell\"\" (2000–2002), Claire Littleton on the ABC drama \"\"Lost\"\" (2004–2010), and as Belle on the ABC drama \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2012–2018). De Ravin's film credits include \"\"Santa's Slay\"\" (2005), \"\"The Hills Have Eyes\"\" (2006) and \"\"Ball Don't Lie\"\" (2008). She starred as Emily, the heroin-addicted ex-girlfriend of Brendan Frye, in the neo-noir film \"\"Brick\"\" (2005). She had a cameo in \"\"Public Enemies\"\" (2009) and starred in \"\"Remember Me\"\" (2010). De Ravin has been included on \"\"Maxim\"\"s Hot 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16865352", "chunk_text": "\"Antoinette Taus\"\nAntoinette Taus Antoinette Cherish Flores Taus, known as Antoinette Taus, is a Filipino-American television/movie/theater actress, singer, host and commercial model. Taus formerly worked as an exclusive talent of ABS-CBN from 1992 to 1996 and GMA Network from 1996 to 2004. She is the older sister of former child star now currently a DJ and TV Host, Tom Taus. Antoinette Taus was known for some of the roles she portrayed like as Anna Karenina \"\"Anna\"\" Serrano in Anna Karenina and as Bianca de Jesus in T.G.I.S. which she was first paired with Dingdong Dantes. Aside from singing and acting, she was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11244208", "chunk_text": "\"Alexandra Daddario\"\nthe same name by Sophie Kinsella. Alexandra Daddario Alexandra Anna Daddario (born March 16, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Annabeth Chase in the \"\"Percy Jackson\"\" film series, Blake Gaines in \"\"San Andreas\"\", and Summer Quinn in \"\"Baywatch\"\". Daddario also starred in the films \"\"Texas Chainsaw 3D\"\" and \"\"Hall Pass\"\", and has guest starred in television series such as \"\"White Collar\"\", \"\"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\"\", \"\"True Detective\"\", \"\"New Girl\"\" and \"\"\"\". Daddario was born in New York City, the eldest child of Christina, a lawyer, and Richard Daddario, a prosecutor and former head of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2306272", "chunk_text": "\"Jennifer Connelly\"\nJennifer Connelly Jennifer Lynn Connelly (born December 12, 1970) is an American actress who began her career as a child model. She appeared in magazine, newspaper and television advertising, before she made her movie acting debut in the 1984 crime film \"\"Once Upon a Time in America\"\". Connelly continued modeling and acting, starring in films such as the 1985 horror film \"\"Phenomena\"\" (her first leading role), the 1986 musical fantasy film \"\"Labyrinth\"\" (opposite David Bowie) and the 1991 films \"\"Career Opportunities\"\" and \"\"The Rocketeer\"\". She gained critical acclaim for her work in the 1998 science fiction film \"\"Dark City\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12720771", "chunk_text": "\"Anna (1987 film)\"\nAnna (1987 film) Anna is a 1987 film directed by Yurek Bogayevicz, it was adapted by Agnieszka Holland from an unauthorized story by Holland and Bogayevicz, based on the real life of Polish actress Elżbieta Czyżewska. The film stars Sally Kirkland, Robert Fields, Paulina Porizkova, Steven Gilborn and Larry Pine. Kirkland was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and she won a Golden Globe Award and an Independent Spirit Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture. The story of a Czech actress, looking for work in New York City, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "76823", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Reynolds\"\nRose Reynolds Rose Alice Reynolds (born 21 February 1991) is a British actress. She is most known for her roles as Sarah Durkin in \"\"Wasted\"\", Betty Carkeek in \"\"Poldark\"\" and Alice in \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". Reynolds was born in Devon, England, where her family still resides. She graduated from the Guildhall School of music and Drama in 2012. She has also studied performing arts at the Stage by Stage Academy in Exeter. Reynolds has spent many years of her acting career working in stage productions, which include \"\"Tiger Tail\"\", \"\"Candide\"\", \"\"Twelfth Night\"\", and \"\"My Children! My Africa!\"\". In 2013,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10297033", "chunk_text": "\"Leann Hunley\"\nJune 21, 2007, recurring on the series until early 2017. Leann Hunley Leann Hunley (born February 25, 1955) is an American television actress. Although she has worked in numerous productions, she is perhaps best known for portraying Anna DiMera on NBC's \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" and Dana Waring on the ABC primetime soap opera, \"\"Dynasty\"\". Hunley was born in Forks, Washington (located 120 miles NW of Seattle near the Washington Coast), and later attended the University of Washington in Seattle. Her first television appearance was on \"\"Hawaii Five-O\"\". She was a regular on \"\"The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo\"\" in 1979", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12179428", "chunk_text": "\"Phoebe Strole\"\nPhoebe Strole Phoebe Kathryne Strole (born January 22, 1983 in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American actress and singer who is best known for originating the role of Anna in the 2006 Broadway musical \"\"Spring Awakening. Strole graduated from Southwest High School in Fort Worth, Texas. While in high school, Strole performed in several productions at Casa Mañana Theatre in Fort Worth, Texas, including \"\"Evita\"\", \"\"Violet\"\" and \"\"Bye Bye Birdie\"\". In 2001, Strole starred as Jean in \"\"A Different Moon\"\" at the Penguin Repertory Theatre in Stony Point, New York. Additional Penguin Rep credits include \"\"Animal of the Year\"\". She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6868196", "chunk_text": "\"Once Upon a Time (TV series)\"\nthe first eleven episodes running from September to December 2014, and the later half from March to May 2015. A new storyline incorporating elements from \"\"Frozen\"\" was revealed when the time travel events of the previous season lead to the accidental arrival of Elsa (Georgina Haig) from the Enchanted Forest of the past to present-day Storybrooke. As she searches for her sister Anna (Elizabeth Lail) with the aid of the main characters, they encounter the Snow Queen (Elizabeth Mitchell). Meanwhile, Regina seeks the Author of Henry's \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" book so that she can finally have her happy ending.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20909044", "chunk_text": "\"Broken (Once Upon a Time)\"\nhow to maximize our bang for our buck. The biggest key is time. If we can figure out our stories far enough in advance, the more time our effects team and department heads will have.\"\" First season recurring actresses Emilie de Ravin (Belle) and Meghan Ory (Red Riding Hood/Ruby) became members of this season's main cast. Two additional actresses who joined the recurring cast were Sarah Bolger as Aurora and Jamie Chung as Mulan, who both made their debuts during this episode. On its first broadcast, \"\"Broken\"\" was watched by an estimated 11.36 million viewers, placing second in its timeslot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13921356", "chunk_text": "\"Donna Murphy\"\n(2009) and \"\"Quantico\"\" (2017). Her voice-over work in TV commercials, includes the Le Vian chocolate diamonds series for Jared Jewelry. Donna Murphy Donna Murphy (born March 7, 1959) is an American actress and singer, known for her work in musical theater. A five-time Tony Award nominee, she has twice won the Tony for Best Actress in a Musical: for her role as Fosca in \"\"Passion\"\" (1994–95) and as Anna Leonowens\"\" in The King and I\"\" (1996–97). She was also nominated for her roles as Ruth Sherwood in \"\"Wonderful Town\"\" (2003), Lotte Lenya in \"\"LoveMusik\"\" (2007) and Bubbie/Raisel in \"\"The People", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19463448", "chunk_text": "\"Annabeth Gish\"\nAnnabeth Gish Annabeth Gish (born March 13, 1971) is an American actress. She has played roles in films \"\"Shag\"\", \"\"Hiding Out\"\", \"\"Mystic Pizza\"\", \"\"SLC Punk!\"\", \"\"The Last Supper\"\" and \"\"Double Jeopardy\"\". On television, she played Special Agent Monica Reyes on \"\"The X-Files\"\", Elizabeth Bartlet Westin on \"\"The West Wing\"\", Diane Gould on \"\"Halt and Catch Fire\"\", Eileen Caffee on \"\"Brotherhood\"\", Charlotte Millwright on \"\"The Bridge\"\" and Sheriff Althea Jarry on the final season of \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\". In 2016, she reprised her role as Monica Reyes in the tenth season of \"\"The X-Files\"\", and then again in the eleventh season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7377227", "chunk_text": "\"Dalila Bela\"\nDalila Bela Dalila Bela (born October 5, 2001) is a Canadian actress who is known for her role as Agent Olive on the PBS Kids series \"\"Odd Squad\"\", in the \"\"\"\" films, and work on television shows such as \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" and \"\"Anne With An E\"\". Dalila Bela was born in Montreal, Quebec. She is of English, French, Brazilian and Spanish ancestry. Her dad is from Panama and her mother is from Brazil. She has two younger brothers named Bruce and Raphael who are also actors. Bela began her career in acting at the age of 5 when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3735453", "chunk_text": "\"Anna Easteden\"\nAnna Easteden Anna Easteden (born 29 November 1976) is a Finnish American actress whose film appearances include \"\"The House of Branching Love\"\" (2009) and \"\"Sideways\"\" (2009). She is known for her performance as \"\"Bee Sting\"\" in \"\"Who Wants to Be a Superhero?\"\" season 2 (2007) on Sci Fi Channel. She co-starred in soap operas: \"\"Passions\"\" and \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" on NBC, the television series \"\"Bones\"\" on Fox and \"\"Two and a Half Men\"\" on CBS. Easteden was born in Tohmajärvi, Finland, as Anna Katariina Shemeikka, the daughter of dairy farmers. She has a younger brother, Antti. Easteden was raised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6558698", "chunk_text": "\"Julia Benson\"\nJulia Benson Julia Benson (born 26 June 1979) is a Canadian actress. She played the character Vanessa James in the science fiction series \"\"Stargate Universe\"\". Benson trained as a ballet, tap, jazz dancer since age six. She graduated from the University of British Columbia (Vancouver) in 2001 with a degree in theatre and psychology. She trained as an actress at David Mamet's Atlantic Theater Company in New York City. Benson played the role of Anna in the 2007 film \"\"Road to Victory\"\" about a stripper who falls in love with a football player who is unable to sexually perform due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16847734", "chunk_text": "\"Amy Manson\"\nAmy Manson Amy Manson (born 9 September 1985) is a Scottish actress, known for portraying Alice Guppy in \"\"Torchwood\"\", Abby Evans in \"\"Casualty\"\", Lizzie Siddal in \"\"Desperate Romantics\"\", Daisy Hannigan-Spiteri in \"\"Being Human\"\", Medea in \"\"Atlantis\"\", and Merida in the fifth season of the ABC fairy tale drama series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". Born and brought up in Aberdeenshire, Manson has a sister, Ailsa and a brother, James. She attended Stage Coach, a Saturday drama school, before leaving home for London at the age of seventeen. She trained at the Central School of Speech and Drama, leaving early to film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15118162", "chunk_text": "\"Finola Hughes\"\nNovember 2000. Later, they adopted a boy named Cash Justice (born 2005) and a girl named Sadie Beatrice (born December 2007) Finola Hughes Finola Hughes (born 29 October 1959) is an English actress, television host, entrepreneur, author, and dancer, best known for role as Anna Devane on the ABC soap operas \"\"General Hospital\"\" and \"\"All My Children\"\", and her portrayal of Laura in the 1983 film \"\"Staying Alive\"\", the sequel to \"\"Saturday Night Fever\"\". She is also known for her portrayal of Anna Devane's identical twin, Dr. Alexandra Devane Marick, on \"\"All My Children\"\", and Patty Halliwell on the supernatural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19169521", "chunk_text": "\"Alison Fernandez\"\nDelilah, and currently recurs on the Netflix dramedy series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", having first appeared on the show in 2013. She will co-star in Freeform's \"\"Life-Size 2\"\" in December 2018 opposite Tyra Banks and Francia Raisa. Alison Fernandez Alison Fernandez (born July 20, 2005) is an American child actress best known for her role in ABC's \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" as Lucy and in the 2017 film \"\"Logan\"\" as Delilah. She has had recurring roles in Netflix's \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\" and The CW's \"\"Jane the Virgin\"\" as Young Jane. Fernandez was born in Brooklyn, New York.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "632807", "chunk_text": "\"Rebecca Rittenhouse\"\n& Oil\"\". In late 2017, she was cast as Keri Allen in the season seven finale of the legal drama series \"\"Suits\"\", which served as a backdoor pilot for \"\"Second City\"\", a potential spin-off. However, the role was recast with Bethany Joy Lenz for the series. Rebecca Rittenhouse Rebecca Rittenhouse (born Rebecca Rittenhouse Meaders; November 30, 1988) is an American actress. She starred as Cody LeFever in the ABC prime time soap opera, \"\"Blood & Oil\"\" and played the role Dr. Anna Ziev in the Hulu romantic comedy \"\"The Mindy Project\"\". Rittenhouse was born in Los Angeles and grew up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4925405", "chunk_text": "\"Anna Devane\"\nFebruary 13, 2012. On April 6, 2012, executive producer, Frank Valentini announced on Twitter that Hughes had been placed on contract with the series. In October 2015, it was reported that Hughes has inked a deal with the series and will remain in the role of Anna. Anna is introduced in 1985 as skilled jewel thief who takes an interest in Robert Scorpio (Tristan Rogers) and his wife Holly Sutton (Emma Samms). Anna is soon revealed to be Robert's ex-wife whom he divorced upon discovering she was a double-agent working for the DVX. Anna works as Sean Donely's (John Reilly)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2393396", "chunk_text": "\"Anna Bamford\"\nAnna Bamford Anna Bamford (born 19 September 1989) is an Australian television and theatre actress. She won the role of Miranda Beaumont in \"\"Wonderland\"\" shortly after graduating from the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts in 2012. For her performance, Bamford earned a nomination for the Logie Award for Most Outstanding Newcomer. After \"\"Wonderland\"\" was cancelled in 2015, Bamford made her major theatre debut in a production of \"\"Freak Winds\"\". Later that year, she began appearing in Andrew Upton's production of \"\"The Present\"\", which later transferred to Broadway. In 2016, Bamford joined the cast of \"\"Home and Away\"\" in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3214	who made possible the first reproduction of the human voice on the phonograph?	n/a	[ "Thomas Alva Edison", "Thomas Edison" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3289455", "chunk_text": "\"Music technology (electric)\"\nstudy) was the phonautograph, patented in 1857 by Parisian inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. The earliest known recordings of the human voice are phonautograph recordings, called \"\"phonautograms\"\", made in 1857. They consist of sheets of paper with sound-wave-modulated white lines created by a vibrating stylus that cut through a coating of soot as the paper was passed under it. The first practical sound recording and reproduction device was the mechanical phonograph cylinder, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877 and patented in 1878. The invention soon spread across the globe and over the next two decades the commercial recording, distribution and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455662", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nthe original 1877 recording. Wax cylinder recordings made by 19th century media legends such as P. T. Barnum and Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth are amongst the earliest verified recordings by the famous that have survived to the present. Alexander Graham Bell and his two associates took Edison's tinfoil phonograph and modified it considerably to make it reproduce sound from wax instead of tinfoil. They began their work at Bell's Volta Laboratory in Washington, D. C., in 1879, and continued until they were granted basic patents in 1886 for recording in wax. Although Edison had invented the phonograph in 1877 the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455642", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\neventually rich phonographic library he had foreseen. He had died in 1888 at the age of 45. Thomas Alva Edison conceived the principle of recording and reproducing sound between May and July 1877 as a byproduct of his efforts to \"\"play back\"\" recorded telegraph messages and to automate speech sounds for transmission by telephone. He announced his invention of the first \"\"phonograph\"\", a device for recording and replaying sound, on November 21, 1877 (early reports appear in Scientific American and several newspapers in the beginning of November, and an even earlier announcement of Edison working on a 'talking-machine' can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1380618", "chunk_text": "\"Sound recording and reproduction\"\nbetween 1,000,000 and 1,500,000 piano rolls produced. The first device that could record actual sounds as they passed through the air (but could not play them back—the purpose was only visual study) was the phonautograph, patented in 1857 by Parisian inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. The earliest known recordings of the human voice are phonautograph recordings, called \"\"phonautograms\"\", made in 1857. They consist of sheets of paper with sound-wave-modulated white lines created by a vibrating stylus that cut through a coating of soot as the paper was passed under it. An 1860 phonautogram of Au Clair de la Lune, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11065102", "chunk_text": "\"Phonograph cylinder\"\nPhonograph cylinder Phonograph cylinders are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. Commonly known simply as \"\"records\"\" in their era of greatest popularity (c. 1896–1915), these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface, which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. In the 1910s, the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium. On July 18, 1877, Thomas Edison and his team invented the phonograph. His first successful recording and reproduction of intelligible sounds, achieved early in the following December, used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455622", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nreproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison. While other inventors had produced devices that could record sounds, Edison's phonograph was the first to be able to reproduce the recorded sound. His phonograph originally recorded sound onto a tinfoil sheet wrapped around a rotating cylinder. A stylus responding to sound vibrations produced an up and down or hill-and-dale groove in the foil.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12184839", "chunk_text": "\"Phonograph record\"\nsinging and speech made by Scott in 1860 were played back as sound for the first time in 2008. Along with a tuning fork tone and unintelligible snippets recorded as early as 1857, these are the earliest known recordings of sound. In 1877, Thomas Edison invented the phonograph. Unlike the phonautograph, it could both record and reproduce sound. Despite the similarity of name, there is no documentary evidence that Edison's phonograph was based on Scott's phonautograph. Edison first tried recording sound on a wax-impregnated paper tape, with the idea of creating a \"\"telephone repeater\"\" analogous to the telegraph repeater he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455660", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nsound waves into graphic form on paper for visual study. Recently developed optical scanning and image processing techniques have given new life to early recordings by making it possible to play unusually delicate or physically unplayable media without physical contact. A recording made on a sheet of tinfoil at an 1878 demonstration of Edison's phonograph in St. Louis, Missouri has been played back by optical scanning and digital analysis. A few other early tinfoil recordings are known to survive, including a slightly earlier one which is believed to preserve the voice of U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes, but as of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455635", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\ninclude Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville's phonautograph, and Charles Cros's paleophone. Recordings made with the phonautograph were intended to be visual representations of the sound, but were never sonically reproduced until 2008. Cros's paleophone was intended to both record and reproduce sound but had not been developed beyond a basic concept at the time of Edison's successful demonstration of the Phonograph in 1877. Direct tracings of the vibrations of sound-producing objects such as tuning forks had been made by English physician Thomas Young in 1807, but the first known device for recording airborne speech, music and other sounds is the phonautograph,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12887789", "chunk_text": "\"History of sound recording\"\nthe most substantial results. The phonograph, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877, could both record sound and play it back. The earliest type of phonograph sold recorded on a thin sheet of tinfoil wrapped around a grooved metal cylinder. A stylus connected to a sound-vibrated diaphragm indented the foil into the groove as the cylinder rotated. The stylus vibration was at a right angle to the recording surface, so the depth of the indentation varied with the audio-frequency changes in air pressure that carried the sound. This arrangement is known as vertical or \"\"hill-and-dale\"\" recording. The sound could be played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455656", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nFrancisco, the first \"\"phonograph parlor\"\" opened. It featured a row of coin-operated machines, each supplied with a different wax cylinder record. The customer selected a machine according to the title that it advertised, inserted a nickel, then heard the recording through stethoscope-like listening tubes. By the mid-1890s, most American cities had at least one phonograph parlor. The coin-operated mechanism was invented by Louis T. Glass and William S. Arnold. The cabinet contained an Edison Class M or Class E phonograph. The Class M was powered by a wet-cell glass battery that would spill dangerous acid if it tipped over or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455637", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nwere played back as sound by American audio historians, who used optical scanning and computer processing to convert the traced waveforms into digital audio files. These recordings, made circa 1860, include fragments of two French songs and a recitation in Italian. Charles Cros, a French poet and amateur scientist, is the first person known to have made the conceptual leap from recording sound as a traced line to the theoretical possibility of reproducing the sound from the tracing and then to devising a definite method for accomplishing the reproduction. On April 30, 1877, he deposited a sealed envelope containing a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12887758", "chunk_text": "\"History of sound recording\"\nHistory of sound recording The history of sound recording - which has progressed in waves, driven by the invention and commercial introduction of new technologies — can be roughly divided into four main periods: Experiments in capturing sound on a recording medium for preservation and reproduction began in earnest during the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s. Many pioneering attempts to record and reproduce sound were made during the latter half of the 19th century – notably Scott's Phonautograph of 1857 – and these efforts culminated in the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877. Digital recording emerged in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17132762", "chunk_text": "\"Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville\"\nÉdouard-Léon Scott de Martinville Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville (25 April 1817 – 26 April 1879) was a French printer and bookseller who lived in Paris. He invented the earliest known sound recording device, the phonautograph, which was patented in France on 25 March 1857. As a printer by trade, he was able to read accounts of the latest scientific discoveries and became an inventor. Scott de Martinville was interested in recording the sound of human speech in a way similar to that achieved by the then new technology of photography for light and image. He hoped for a form of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17132770", "chunk_text": "\"Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville\"\nHayes in 1878. Scott did not visit the US in the 1860s and therefore could not have recorded Lincoln himself, as one version of the legend claims he did. Scott's phonautograms were selected by the Library of Congress as a 2010 addition to the National Recording Registry, which selects recordings annually that are \"\"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"\". Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville (25 April 1817 – 26 April 1879) was a French printer and bookseller who lived in Paris. He invented the earliest known sound recording device, the phonautograph, which was patented in France on 25", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1380620", "chunk_text": "\"Sound recording and reproduction\"\nreproduction device was the mechanical phonograph cylinder, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877 and patented in 1878. The invention soon spread across the globe and over the next two decades the commercial recording, distribution, and sale of sound recordings became a growing new international industry, with the most popular titles selling millions of units by the early 1900s. The development of mass-production techniques enabled cylinder recordings to become a major new consumer item in industrial countries and the cylinder was the main consumer format from the late 1880s until around 1910. The next major technical development was the invention of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "680241", "chunk_text": "Phonautograph\nsong from a comic opera. Previously, the earliest known recording of vocal music was an 1888 Edison wax cylinder phonograph recording of a Handel choral concert. A phonautogram containing the opening lines of Torquato Tasso's pastoral drama Aminta has also been found. Probably recorded in April or May 1860, this phonautogram is the earliest known recording of intelligible spoken words to be played back, predating Frank Lambert's 1878 talking clock recording. Earlier recordings, made in 1857, 1854, and 1853, also contain de Martinville's voice but are unintelligible because of their low quality, brevity and irregularity of speed. Phonautograph The phonautograph", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455658", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\na more advanced pantograph-based process made it possible to simultaneously produce 90–150 copies of each record. However, as demand for certain records grew, popular artists still needed to re-record and re-re-record their songs. Reportedly, the medium's first major African-American star George Washington Johnson was obliged to perform his \"\"The Laughing Song\"\" (or the separate \"\"The Whistling Coon\"\") literally thousands of times in a studio during his recording career. Sometimes he would sing \"\"The Laughing Song\"\" more than fifty times in a day, at twenty cents per rendition. (The average price of a single cylinder in the mid-1890s was about fifty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17779562", "chunk_text": "\"Analog recording\"\ndifferent from digital recording where digital signals are quantized and represented as discrete numbers. The phonautograph is the earliest known device for recording sound. The phonograph was the first machine used to capture and reproduce analog sound, and was invented by the well-known inventor Thomas Edison in 1877. Edison incorporated various elements into his Phonograph that would become staples that can be found in recording devices to this day. For a sound to be recorded by the Phonograph, it has to go through three distinct steps. First, the sound enters a cone-shaped component of the device, called the microphone diaphragm.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5042918", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Sumner Tainter\"\nCharles Sumner Tainter Charles Sumner Tainter (April 25, 1854 – April 20, 1940) was an American scientific instrument maker, engineer and inventor, best known for his collaborations with Alexander Graham Bell, Chichester Bell, Alexander's father-in-law Gardiner Hubbard, and for his significant improvements to Thomas Edison's phonograph, resulting in the \"\"Graphophone\"\", one version of which was the first Dictaphone. Later in his career Tainter was associated with the International Graphopone Company of West Virginia, and also managed his own research and development laboratory, earning him the title: 'Father Of The Talking Machine' (i.e.: father of the phonograph). Tainter was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8465172", "chunk_text": "\"Dictation machine\"\nmachine to automatically produce the coiled cardboard tubes, which served as the foundation for the wax cylinder records. Besides being far easier to handle, the wax recording medium also allowed for lengthier recordings and created superior playback quality. Additionally the Graphophones initially deployed foot treadles to rotate the recordings, then wind-up clockwork drive mechanisms, and finally migrated to electric motors, instead of the manual crank that was used on Edison's phonograph. The numerous improvements allowed for a sound quality that was significantly better than Edison's machine. Shortly after Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, the first device for recording sound, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "680232", "chunk_text": "Phonautograph\nform of his invention, marketed by Rudolph Koenig in 1859, recorded on a sheet of lampblack-coated paper wrapped around a cylinder which was hand-cranked. The cylinder was carried on a coarsely threaded rod so that it progressed along its axis as it rotated, producing a helical tracing. The length of the recording that could be accommodated depended on the speed of rotation, which had to be rapid in order to resolve the individual waveforms of various sounds with good detail. If only longer-term dynamics such as the cadences of speech were being studied, the cylinder could be rotated much more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16547789", "chunk_text": "Microphone\na conductive rod in an acid solution. These systems, however, gave a very poor sound quality. The first microphone that enabled proper voice telephony was the (loose-contact) carbon microphone. This was independently developed by David Edward Hughes in England and Emile Berliner and Thomas Edison in the US. Although Edison was awarded the first patent (after a long legal dispute) in mid-1877, Hughes had demonstrated his working device in front of many witnesses some years earlier, and most historians credit him with its invention. The carbon microphone is the direct prototype of today's microphones and was critical in the development", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3205242", "chunk_text": "\"Dictation machine\"\ncontinued until they were granted basic patents in 1886 for recording in wax. Thomas A. Edison had invented the phonograph in 1877, but the fame bestowed on him for this invention — sometimes called his most original — was not due to its efficiency. Recording with his tinfoil phonograph was too difficult to be practical, as the tinfoil tore easily, and even when the stylus was properly adjusted, its reproduction of sound was distorted and squeaky, and good for only a few playbacks. Although Edison had hit upon the secret of sound recording, immediately after his discovery he did not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20604289", "chunk_text": "Phonautograph\nPhonautograph The phonautograph is the earliest known device for recording sound. Previously, tracings had been obtained of the sound-producing vibratory motions of tuning forks and other objects by physical contact with them, but not of actual sound waves as they propagated through air or other media. Invented by Frenchman Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, it was patented on March 25, 1857. It transcribed sound waves as undulations or other deviations in a line traced on smoke-blackened paper or glass. Intended solely as a laboratory instrument for the study of acoustics, it could be used to visually study and measure the amplitude", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12833342", "chunk_text": "\"Megan Watts Hughes\"\nMegan Watts Hughes Megan [Margaret] Watts Hughes (12 February 1842 – 29 October 1907) was a Welsh singer, songwriter, scientist and philanthropist. Her name appears as Margaret, of which the Welsh name Megan is derived, in several publications. She was recognized by certain sources as the first to experiment with and observe the phenomenon of visualizing resonating sound using a device she invented called an \"\"eidophone\"\". The device or instrument naturally-produced geometric patterns from the resonation of her human voice. As a result, she referred to images as \"\"Voice-Figures.\"\" Her work eventually resulted in a 1904 book titled \"\"The Eidophone;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455654", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nlate 1870s and early 1880s. The oldest surviving example is a copper electrotype of a recording cut into a wax disc in 1881. The commercialization of sound recording technology was initially aimed at use for business correspondence and transcription into writing, in which the cylindrical form offered certain advantages, the storage of large numbers of records seemed unlikely, and the ease of producing multiple copies was not a consideration. In 1887, Emile Berliner patented a variant of the phonograph which he named the Gramophone. Berliner's approach was essentially the same one proposed, but never implemented, by Charles Cros in 1877.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455636", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\npatented in 1857 by French typesetter and inventor Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. In this device, sound waves travelling through the air vibrated a parchment diaphragm which was linked to a bristle, and the bristle traced a line through a thin coating of soot on a sheet of paper wrapped around a rotating cylinder. The sound vibrations were recorded as undulations or other irregularities in the traced line. Scott's phonautograph was intended purely for the visual study and analysis of the tracings. Reproduction of the recorded sound was not possible with the original phonautograph. In 2008, phonautograph recordings made by Scott", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19487874", "chunk_text": "\"Ellen Beach Yaw\"\nher rare KeenoPhone and unpublished Edison and Victor recordings are preserved on a recording that is narrated by her pupil, the tenor Antonio Altamirano. Thomas Edison, inventor of the phonograph, recorded her voice for mechanical experiments on a visit to his Orange, New Jersey laboratories. She sang various songs throughout her range into several machines. Afterwards, Edison said of her voice, \"\"I can see no defects of any kind in this voice. Sweet on lower notes, and mellow. Best high tones yet for the disc machine.\"\" Yaw resided in Covina, California, for the last thirty years of her life. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7302107", "chunk_text": "\"Audio mixing (recorded music)\"\nrecord producer or recording artist may assist. After mixing, a mastering engineer prepares the final product for production. Audio mixing may be performed on a mixing console or digital audio workstation. In the late 19th century, Thomas Edison and Emile Berliner developed the first recording machines. The recording and reproduction process itself was completely mechanical with little or no electrical parts. Edison's phonograph cylinder system utilized a small horn terminated in a stretched, flexible diaphragm attached to a stylus which cut a groove of varying depth into the malleable tin foil of the cylinder. Emile Berliner's gramophone system recorded music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9331147", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\non cylinders, since the groove on the outside of a rotating cylinder provides a constant velocity to the stylus in the groove, which Edison considered more \"\"scientifically correct\"\". Edison's patent specified that the audio recording be embossed, and it was not until 1886 that vertically modulated engraved recording using wax-coated cylinders was patented by Chichester Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter. They named their version the Graphophone. The use of a flat recording surface instead of a cylindrical one was an obvious alternative which thought-experimenter Charles Cros initially favored and which practical experimenter Thomas Edison and others actually tested in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12135078", "chunk_text": "Voder\nVoder The Bell Telephone Laboratory's Voder (from \"\"Voice Operating Demonstrator\"\") was the first attempt to electronically synthesize human speech by breaking it down into its acoustic components. It was invented by Homer Dudley in 1937–1938 and developed on his earlier work on the vocoder. The quality of the speech was limited; however, it demonstrated the synthesis of the human voice, which became one component of the vocoder used in voice communications for security and to save bandwidth. The Voder synthesized human speech by imitating the effects of the human vocal tract. The operator could select one of two basic sounds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455661", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nMay 2014 they have not yet been scanned. These antique tinfoil recordings, which have typically been stored folded, are too fragile to be played back with a stylus without seriously damaging them. Edison's 1877 tinfoil recording of \"\"Mary Had a Little Lamb\"\", not preserved, has been called the first instance of recorded verse. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the phonograph, Edison recounted reciting \"\"Mary Had a Little Lamb\"\" to test his first machine. The 1927 event was filmed by an early sound-on-film newsreel camera, and an audio clip from that film's soundtrack is sometimes mistakenly presented as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455643", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nfound in the Chicago Daily Tribune on May 9), and he demonstrated the device for the first time on November 29 (it was patented on February 19, 1878 as US Patent 200,521). \"\"In December, 1877, a young man came into the office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, and placed before the editors a small, simple machine about which very few preliminary remarks were offered. The visitor without any ceremony whatever turned the crank, and to the astonishment of all present the machine said: \"\"Good morning. How do you do? How do you like the phonograph?\"\" The machine thus spoke for itself,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9769803", "chunk_text": "\"North American Phonograph Company\"\nNorth American Phonograph Company The North American Phonograph Company was an early attempt to commercialize the maturing technologies of sound recording in the late 1880s and early 1890s. Though the company was largely unsuccessful in its goals due to legal, technical and financial problems, it set the stage for the modern recording industry in the mid 1890s. Thomas Edison successfully demonstrated sound recording and reproduction in late 1877 with the tinfoil phonograph. The invention caught the public's attention but its practical utility was limited due to low-fidelity and its single-use nature. Edison sold the rights to the phonograph to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1172061", "chunk_text": "\"Gianni Bettini\"\nGianni Bettini Gianni Bettini (1860, Novara – 27 February 1938, San Remo) was a gentleman inventor and a pioneer audiophile who invented several phonograph improvements. He is best known for having made the first (and in some cases only) recordings of the voices of several very famous singers and other celebrities of the 1890s. Unfortunately, few of these recordings have survived. Bettini was born in Novara, Italy. In the 1890s he was a New York socialite, living in the swanky Central Park South neighborhood now in the center of Midtown on the edge of the Theater District. It was there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9290572", "chunk_text": "\"His Master's Voice\"\ndog took in the recorded voice of his late master emanating from the horn, and conceived the idea of committing the scene to canvas. In early 1899, Francis Barraud applied for copyright of the original painting using the descriptive working title \"\"Dog looking at and listening to a Phonograph\"\". He was unable to sell the work to any cylinder phonograph company, but William Barry Owen, the American founder of the Gramophone Company in England, offered to purchase the painting under the condition that Barraud modify it to show one of their disc machines. Barraud complied and the image was first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10527234", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nlooking for new worlds to conquer after his invention of the telephone. According to Sumner Tainter, it was through Gardiner Green Hubbard that Bell took up the phonograph challenge. Bell had married Hubbard's daughter Mabel in 1879 while Hubbard was president of the Edison Speaking Phonograph Co., and his organization, which had purchased the Edison patent, was financially troubled because people did not want to buy a machine which seldom worked well and proved difficult for the average person to operate. In 1879 Hubbard got Bell interested in improving the phonograph, and it was agreed that a laboratory should be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5972782", "chunk_text": "\"Talking clock\"\ninvention of the phonograph, the earliest attempts to make a clock that incorporated a voice were made. Around 1878, Frank Lambert invented a machine that used a voice recorded on a lead cylinder to call out the hours. Lambert used lead in place of Edison's soft tinfoil. In 1992, the Guinness Book of World Records recognized this as the oldest known sound recording that was playable (though that status now rests with a phonautogram of Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, recorded in 1857). It is on display at the National Watch and Clock Museum in Columbia, Pennsylvania. Although there have been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18329309", "chunk_text": "\"Silas Leachman\"\nSilas Leachman Silas Field Leachman (20 August 1859 – 28 April 1936) was an American pioneer recording artist, possibly the first person to make recordings in Chicago and known for making hundreds of thousands of phonograph cylinder recordings in the 1890s. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, and worked on the railroad before marrying and moving to Chicago in the 1880s. He began recording for the North American Phonograph Company's Chicago branch around 1892, then recorded prolifically for the Chicago Talking Machine Company in the later 1890s. He later recorded for Columbia and, after 1901, Victor. According to a report", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455646", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nsawing wood. Hence, if one shouted: ' Mary had a little lamb,' etc., the paper man would start sawing wood. I reached the conclusion that if I could record the movements of the diaphragm properly, I could cause such records to reproduce the original movements imparted to the diaphragm by the voice, and thus succeed in recording and reproducing the human voice.\"\" \"\"Instead of using a disk I designed a little machine using a cylinder provided with grooves around the surface. Over this was to be placed tinfoil, which easily received and recorded the movements of the diaphragm. A sketch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18217115", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Cros\"\nAcademy of Sciences on December 2, 1867. Ducos du Hauron had patented his ideas on November 28, 1868, almost a full year later, but claimed to have written an unpublished paper on the subject in 1862. Cros is perhaps most famous as the man who almost, but not quite, invented the phonograph. As far as is known, no one before him had thought of a practical way to reproduce sound from a recording of airborne sound waves. He gave the Greek name 'Paleophone' ('voix du passé', tr. 'voice of the past') to his invention. On April 30, 1877 he submitted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2782765", "chunk_text": "\"Speech synthesis\"\nfor models he built of the human vocal tract that could produce the five long vowel sounds (in notation: , , , and ). There followed the bellows-operated \"\"acoustic-mechanical speech machine\"\" of Wolfgang von Kempelen of Pressburg, Hungary, described in a 1791 paper. This machine added models of the tongue and lips, enabling it to produce consonants as well as vowels. In 1837, Charles Wheatstone produced a \"\"speaking machine\"\" based on von Kempelen's design, and in 1846, Joseph Faber exhibited the \"\"Euphonia\"\". In 1923 Paget resurrected Wheatstone's design. In the 1930s Bell Labs developed the vocoder, which automatically analyzed speech", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4564720", "chunk_text": "\"Edison Records\"\nin the 1920s, both technically and in the popularity of its artists, and halted production of recordings in 1929. Thomas A. Edison invented the phonograph, the first device for recording and playing back sound, in 1877. After patenting the invention and benefiting from the publicity and acclaim it received, Edison and his laboratory turned their attention to the commercial development of electric lighting, playing no further role in the development of the phonograph for nearly a decade. Edison's original phonograph recorded on sheets of tinfoil and was little more than a crude curiosity, although one that fascinated much of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1380619", "chunk_text": "\"Sound recording and reproduction\"\nFrench folk song, was played back as sound for the first time in 2008 by scanning it and using software to convert the undulating line, which graphically encoded the sound, into a corresponding digital audio file. On April 30, 1877, French poet, humorous writer and inventor Charles Cros submitted a sealed envelope containing a letter to the Academy of Sciences in Paris fully explaining his proposed method, called the paleophone. Though no trace of a working paleophone was ever found, Cros is remembered as the earliest inventor of a sound recording and reproduction machine. The first practical sound recording and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455657", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nbroke. The Class E sold for a lower price and ran on 120V DC. The phenomenon of phonograph parlors peaked in Paris around 1900: in Pathé's luxurious salon, patrons sat in plush upholstered chairs and chose from among many hundreds of available cylinders by using speaking tubes to communicate with attendants on the floor below. By 1890, record manufacturers had begun using a rudimentary duplication process to mass-produce their product. While the live performers recorded the master phonograph, up to ten tubes led to blank cylinders in other phonographs. Until this development, each record had to be custom-made. Before long,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9331159", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\nrights of both the Graphophone and the Edison Speaking Phonograph. In the early 1890s Lippincott fell victim to the unit's mechanical problems and also to resistance from stenographers. A coin-operated version of the Graphophone, , was developed by Tainter in 1893 to compete with \"\"nickel-in-the-slot\"\" entertainment phonograph demonstrated in 1889 by Louis T. Glass, manager of the Pacific Phonograph Company. The work of the Volta Associates laid the foundation for the successful use of dictating machines in business, because their wax recording process was practical and their machines were durable. But it would take several more years and the renewed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19685970", "chunk_text": "\"Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville\"\n\"\"Au clair de la lune\"\", was initially played at a speed that produced what seemed to be a 10-second recording of the voice of a woman or child singing at an ordinary musical tempo. The researchers leading the project later found that a misunderstanding about an included reference frequency had resulted in a doubling of the correct playback speed, and that it was actually a 20-second recording of a man, probably Scott himself, singing the song very slowly. It is now the earliest known recording of singing in existence, predating, by 28 years, several 1888 Edison wax cylinder phonograph recordings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11455659", "chunk_text": "Phonograph\ncents.) Frank Lambert's lead cylinder recording for an experimental talking clock is often identified as the oldest surviving playable sound recording, although the evidence advanced for its early date is controversial. Wax phonograph cylinder recordings of Handel's choral music made on June 29, 1888, at The Crystal Palace in London were thought to be the oldest-known surviving musical recordings, until the recent playback by a group of American historians of a phonautograph recording of \"\"Au clair de la lune\"\" made on April 9, 1860. The 1860 phonautogram had not until then been played, as it was only a transcription of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3769015", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon microphone\"\nmilitary and amateur radio applications for some decades afterward. The first microphone that enabled proper voice telephony was the (loose-contact) carbon microphone (then called transmitter). This was independently developed around 1878 by David Edward Hughes in England and Emile Berliner and Thomas Edison in the US. Although Edison was awarded the first patent in mid-1877, Hughes had demonstrated his working device in front of many witnesses some years earlier, and most historians credit him with its invention. Hughes' device used loosely packed carbon granules - the varying pressure exerted on the granules by the diaphragm from the acoustic waves caused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3215	when did american idol end the first time?	n/a	[ "April 7, 2016" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5301870", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 1)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 1) The first season of \"\"American Idol\"\" premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended. The winner, Kelly Clarkson, signed with RCA Records, the label in partnership with American Idol's 19 Recordings. Immediately post-finale, Clarkson released two singles, including the coronation song, \"\"A Moment Like This\"\". \"\"A Moment Like This\"\" went on to break a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998919", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nsummer. With its successful launch in the summer, the show was then moved to January and expanded. The show grew into a phenomenon largely due to its personal engagement with the contestants by prompting the viewers to vote, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show on U.S. television, a position it then held for seven consecutive seasons. However, after a few years of sharp declining ratings starting in 2012, with rating falls of over 20% each season, the fifteenth season would be its last, ending its run in April", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6341979", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nof Coca-Cola as the show's major sponsor, and a decision to only broadcast one, two-hour show per week during the top 12 rounds (with results from the previous week integrated into the performance show, rather than having a separate results show). On May 11, 2015, prior to the fourteenth-season finale, Fox announced that the fifteenth season of \"\"American Idol\"\" would be its last. Despite these changes, the show's ratings would decline more sharply. The fourteenth-season finale was the lowest-rated finale ever, with an average of only 8.03 million viewers watching the finale. The show's ratings, however, rebounded in its final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6341969", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nthe show. This was the first season where the contestants were permitted to perform in the final rounds songs they wrote themselves. In the Top 8, Sam Woolf received the fewest votes, but he was saved from elimination by the judges. The 500th episode of the series was the Top 3 performance night. Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season, with Jena Irene as the runner-up. Johnson released \"\"As Long as You Love Me\"\" as his coronation single while Irene released \"\"We Are One\"\". The fourteenth season premiered on January 7, 2015. Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16634406", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 1)\"\nseen in the initial run of season 1, including Kelly Clarkson's full audition. Source: American Idol (season 1) The first season of \"\"American Idol\"\" premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended. The winner, Kelly Clarkson, signed with RCA Records, the label in partnership with American Idol's 19 Recordings. Immediately post-finale, Clarkson released two singles, including the coronation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176104", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nrenewed the revival series for another season. Perry, Bryan and Richie will return as judges, while Seacrest will return as host. Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of \"\"American Idol\"\". It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall. \"\"American Idol\"\" premiered in June 2002 and became the surprise summer hit show of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8866988", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol Rewind\"\nAmerican Idol Rewind American Idol Rewind is a syndicated television series that ran from September 30, 2006 to May 15, 2010. The hour-long weekly series was a repurposed edition of the hit reality talent show \"\"American Idol\"\", featuring present day interviews with the contestants, semi-finalists and rejected auditioners in addition to extra audition, Hollywood Week, and finals footage never previously aired. It featured the first five seasons of the original series. In August 2006, the series was cleared for broadcast on stations in over 96 percent of the United States. In addition to local stations (including the cable-only CW Plus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998914", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nthe winner determined by American viewers using phones, Internet, and SMS text voting. The winners of the first sixteen seasons, as chosen by viewers, are Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia Barrino, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, Nick Fradiani, Trent Harmon, and Maddie Poppe, respectively. \"\"American Idol\"\" employs a panel of vocal judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges, for the first through eighth seasons, were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, singer and choreographer Paula Abdul, and music executive and manager Simon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6340265", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nAmerican Idol American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by Fremantle USA and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by Fremantle North America. It initially aired on Fox from June 11, 2002, to April 7, 2016, for 15 seasons. On March 11, 2018, the sixteenth season debuted on ABC. It started as an addition to the \"\"Idols\"\" format that was based on \"\"Pop Idol\"\" from British television, and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6340277", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\none. One change was nevertheless made due to the presence of multiple time zones in the United States that made it impractical for the country to vote in the same time period, an additional half-hour results show was therefore added the day following the performance show. The show was renamed \"\"American Idol: The Search for a Superstar\"\" and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job of showrunner, but turned down the offer; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to the surprise of Cowell and Fox, it became one of the biggest shows of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6341980", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nseason, and ended its run in 2016 as Fox's first ever program to conclude its run without dropping from the Nielsen Top 30 most watched television shows in each of its seasons. Early reviews were mixed in their assessment. Ken Tucker of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" considered that \"\"As TV, \"\"American Idol\"\" is crazily entertaining; as music, it's dust-mote inconsequential\"\". Others, however, thought that \"\"the most striking aspect of the series was the genuine talent it revealed\"\". It was also described as a \"\"sadistic musical bake-off\"\", and \"\"a romp in humiliation\"\". Other aspects of the show have attracted criticisms. The product placement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998938", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nseason sixteen, the top 24 performed at the Academy in the Heart of LA, and the show repeated the process from the previous season. However, instead of Idol alumnus as duet partners, superstar celebrity singers were used as the duet partners. The finals were broadcast in prime time from CBS Television City in Los Angeles, in front of a live studio audience. The finals lasted eight weeks in the first season. From the second to ninth and fourteenth seasons, the finals lasted eleven weeks. The tenth and eleventh seasons lasted for twelve weeks, while the twelfth season lasted for ten", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20967539", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 5)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 5) The fifth season of reality television singing competition \"\"American Idol\"\" began on January 17, 2006, and concluded on May 24, 2006. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell returned to judge, and Ryan Seacrest returned to host. It is the most successful season to date ratings-wise, and resulted in 18 contestants (including all of the top 10 and a few semifinalists) getting record deals – nine of them with major labels. It was the first season with a male winner (Taylor Hicks) and a female runner-up (Katharine McPhee). It was also the first season of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522664", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 7)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 7) The seventh season of \"\"American Idol\"\", the annual reality show and singing competition, began on January 15, 2008 and concluded on May 21, 2008. Ryan Seacrest continued to host the show with Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson returning as judges. David Cook was announced the winner of the competition on May 21, 2008, defeating runner-up David Archuleta by a margin of roughly 12 million votes out of over 97 million, which was at that time the highest recorded vote total ever recorded in the show's history. The split was 56% to 44%. The seventh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2213707", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 15)\"\nand the eighth male winner in nine years. It was the series' final season to air on Fox; in May 2017, ABC announced that it would revive \"\"American Idol\"\"; the revival started in 2018. For the first time, performances by the Top 24 were judged solely by the show's judges and producers, who determined which contestants were eliminated. From each group of 12, seven advanced and five were eliminated, resulting in a Top 14 for the third week of the semi-finals. The voting limit for this season was ten votes per contestant per voting method, half of what it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15370862", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 14)\"\nto the finale. Before the finale, it was announced that the upcoming season airing in 2016 would be the last of the reality show. Since the series began in 2002 it peaked in viewership at 30 million viewers per episode in 2006, slipping to 20 million viewers per episode in 2011, and down further since with an average of about 9.15 million viewers per episode in 2015. On May 13, Nick Fradiani was announced the winner of the season, with Clark Beckham as runner-up. The fourteenth season of \"\"American Idol\"\" featured a number of major changes to its format and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176142", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nairing is delayed, the shows may sometimes be combined into one episode to summarize the results. In Italy, the twelfth season was broadcast by La3. American Idol American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by Fremantle USA and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by Fremantle North America. It initially aired on Fox from June 11, 2002, to April 7, 2016, for 15 seasons. On March 11, 2018, the sixteenth season debuted on ABC. It started as an addition to the \"\"Idols\"\" format that was based on \"\"Pop Idol\"\" from British television, and became one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998924", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nin the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds, Gene Simmons and LL Cool J in the fourth season, Jewel and Olivia Newton-John in the sixth season, Shania Twain in the eighth season, Neil Patrick Harris, Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry in the ninth season and Adam Lambert in fourteenth season. The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman following the format of \"\"Pop Idol\"\" of using two presenters. Dunkleman quit thereafter, making Seacrest the sole emcee of the show starting with the second season. Dunkleman did, however, return in the initial series finale", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5120022", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 6)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 6) The sixth season of \"\"American Idol\"\" premiered on the Fox Broadcasting Company as a two-night, four-hour premiere special on January 16 and January 17, and ran until May 23, 2007. Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson returned to judge once again, and Ryan Seacrest returned as host. A new record of 74 million votes were cast in the finale round, and a new record of 609 million votes were cast in the entire season (the seasonal total record was surpassed by the tenth season and the finale vote record was broken by the eleventh season).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6340299", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nwere usually aired live on Tuesday nights, followed by the results shows on Wednesdays, but moved to Wednesdays and Thursdays from the tenth through thirteenth seasons. From the fourteenth season onward, there were no separate results shows. On the fourteenth season, the show aired on Wednesday nights, and on the fifteenth season, Thursday nights. From the sixteenth season onward, it aired on Sundays and Mondays. The first season of \"\"American Idol\"\" debuted as a summer replacement show in June 2002 on the Fox network. It was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman. In the audition rounds, 121 contestants were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7522665", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 7)\"\nseason was the first season during which neither the winner nor the runner-up was ever in the bottom group during any week before the finale on May 21, 2008. It was also the second season during which both the winner and the runner-up were male contestants, with the second season being the first. Prior to the start of season 7, Executive Producer Nigel Lythgoe admitted that season 6 had placed more focus on the guest mentors than the contestants. Changes were planned for season 7 designed to return attention to the contestants by providing more information on their backgrounds and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17777119", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\ncontestant's time on the show was played and they gave their final performance (from the fourteenth season onward, the montage and the final performance were dropped). However, in the sixth season, during the series' first ever Idol Gives Back episode, no contestant was eliminated, but on the following week, two were sent home. Moreover, starting in eighth season, the judges may overturn viewers' decision with a \"\"Judges' Save\"\" if they unanimously agreed to. \"\"The save\"\" could only be used once, and only up through the top five. In the eighth to tenth and fourteenth seasons, a double elimination then took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6340295", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\n(tenth through fifteenth seasons), and Hollywood Records (sixteenth season onward) had the right of first refusal to sign contestants for three months after the season's finale. Starting in the fourteenth season, the winner was signed with Big Machine Records. Prominent music mogul Clive Davis also produced some of the selected contestants' albums, such as Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. All top 10 (11 in the tenth and twelfth seasons, 5 in the fourteenth season, and 7 in the sixteenth season) finalists earn the privilege of going on a tour, where the participants may each earn a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998950", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nwas announced the winner, with Bice the runner-up. Both Underwood and Bice released the coronation song \"\"Inside Your Heaven\"\", with Underwood's version of the song making her the first country artist ever to debut at number-one on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart. As of 2015, Underwood has become the most successful \"\"Idol\"\" contestant in the U.S., selling 16 million albums in the country, while selling a total of 65 million records worldwide. The fifth season began on January 17, 2006. It remains the highest-rated season in the show's run so far. Two of the more prominent contestants during the Hollywood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998948", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nreleased as her coronation single \"\"I Believe\"\", a song co-written by the first season finalist Tamyra Gray, and DeGarmo released \"\"Dreams\"\". The fourth season premiered on January 18, 2005; this was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition, although the finale of the third season was also aired in high definition. The number of those attending the auditions by now had increased to over 100,000 from the 10,000 of the first season. The age limit was raised to 28 in this season, and among those who benefited from this new rule were Constantine Maroulis and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998925", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\non Fox. Seacrest returned for the sixteenth season. In a series of steps, the show selected the eventual winner out of many tens of thousands of contestants. The eligible age-range for contestants was fifteen to twenty-eight years old. The initial age limit was sixteen to twenty-four in the first three seasons, but the upper limit was raised to twenty-eight in the fourth season, and the lower limit was reduced to fifteen in the tenth season. The contestants had to be legal U.S. residents, could not have advanced to particular stages of the competition in previous seasons, and must not have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2667720", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 8)\"\nthe American Idol.\"\" Season eight was the top show for the 2008–09 broadcast primetime season and took the top two spots for its Tuesday and Wednesday episodes. The viewers number for the Wednesday episodes averaged 25.527 million, while the Tuesday episodes averaged 24.741 million. The ratings were down from season seven, with the finale dropping 13% in the 18–49 demo and 9% in total viewers number. American Idol (season 8) The eighth season of \"\"American Idol\"\" premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6341994", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nsuch as DialIdol, and Vote for the Worst. The enormous success of the show and the revenue it generated was transformative for the Fox Broadcasting Company. \"\"American Idol\"\" and fellow competing shows \"\"Survivor\"\" and \"\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\"\" were altogether credited for expanding reality television programming in the United States in the 1990s and 2000s, and \"\"Idol\"\" became the most watched non-scripted primetime television series for almost a decade, from 2003 to 2012, breaking records on U.S. television (dominated by drama shows and sitcoms in the preceding decades). The show pushed Fox to become the number one U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16629762", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 2)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 2) The second season of \"\"American Idol\"\" premiered on January 21, 2003, and continued until May 21, 2003. The title of show was shortened from \"\"American Idol: The Search for a Superstar\"\" of Season 1 to just \"\"American Idol\"\". Brian Dunkleman quit after the first season, and Seacrest therefore became the lone host in Season 2 as well as all subsequent seasons. Kristin Holt was a special correspondent. It was won by Ruben Studdard. It was the first season to crown a male winner, and the first season to have a finale with two male contestants, Studdard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998949", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nBo Bice, the two rockers of the show. The top 12 finalists originally included Mario Vazquez, but he dropped out citing 'personal reasons' and was replaced by Nikko Smith. Later, an employee of Freemantle Media, which produces the show, sued the company for wrongful termination, claiming that he was dismissed after complaining about lewd behavior by Vazquez toward him during the show. During the top 11 week, due to a mix-up with the contestants' telephone number, voting was repeated on what was normally the result night, with the result reveal postponed until the following night. In May 2005, Carrie Underwood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5001171", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nplaced second overall amongst the 18–49 age group. The finale night when Ruben Studdard won over Clay Aiken was also the highest-rated ever \"\"American Idol\"\" episode at 38.1 million for the final hour. By the third season, the show had become the top show in the 18–49 demographic<ref name=\"\"realitytvworld_5/24/2007\"\"></ref> a position it has held for all subsequent years up to and including the tenth season, and its competition stages ranked first in the nationwide overall ratings. By the fourth season, \"\"American Idol\"\" had become the most watched series amongst all viewers on American TV for the first time, with an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6340301", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nthe show; his sexual orientation was revealed on his blog, however it was removed during the competition after a request from the show producers over concerns that it might be unfairly influencing votes. The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson. Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender, but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds, such as her performance of Aretha Franklin's \"\"Natural Woman\"\", and Betty Hutton's \"\"Stuff Like That There\"\", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002. In what was to become a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "409522", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nThe \"\"American Idol\"\" Songwriter contest was also held this season. From ten of the most popular submissions, each of the final two contestants chose a song to perform, although neither of their selections was used as the \"\"coronation song\"\". The winning song, \"\"The Time of My Life\"\", was recorded by David Cook and released on May 22, 2008. The eighth season premiered on January 13, 2009. Mike Darnell, the president of alternative programming for Fox, stated that the season would focus more on the contestants' personal life. In the first major change to the judging panel, a fourth judge, Kara", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1741119", "chunk_text": "\"Idol (franchise)\"\nfrom major networks. Elisabeth Murdoch, daughter of News Corporation chairman Rupert Murdoch, persuaded her father to buy the rights for an American adaptation. The series, \"\"American Idol: The Search for a Superstar\"\", debuted on the Fox network on 11 June 2002. \"\"American Idol\"\" also featured Cowell as its judge, who also proved to be popular among the American audiences. \"\"American Idol\"\" quickly rose to the top of the U.S. TV ratings, due to the popularity of the judges (particularly Cowell) and its contestants, which were led by its first winner, Kelly Clarkson. The success brought by \"\"American Idol\"\" led to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998943", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nsales of more than 23 million. Starting September 30, 2006, this season was repackaged as \"\"\"\"American Idol Rewind\"\"\"\" and syndicated directly to stations in the U.S. Following the success of the first season, the second season was moved up to air in January 2003. The number of episodes increased, as did the show's budget and the charge for commercial spots. Dunkleman left the show, leaving Seacrest as the lone host. Kristin Adams was a correspondent for this season. Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12444247", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol Rewind\"\n3 weeks. Jason Kennedy narrates. The fourth edition of \"\"Rewind\"\" featured the fifth season of \"\"American Idol\"\", where Taylor Hicks won and Chris Daughtry was a finalist. Jason Kennedy returns to narrate. The series was quietly canceled after the final episodes aired in May 2010. American Idol Rewind American Idol Rewind is a syndicated television series that ran from September 30, 2006 to May 15, 2010. The hour-long weekly series was a repurposed edition of the hit reality talent show \"\"American Idol\"\", featuring present day interviews with the contestants, semi-finalists and rejected auditioners in addition to extra audition, Hollywood Week,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5001208", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\n\"\"Idol\"\" set. Three judges, whose mannerisms and style mimicked those of the real \"\"Idol\"\" judges, critiqued the performances. Audience members then voted for their favorite performer. There were several preliminary-round shows during the day that culminated in a \"\"finals\"\" show in the evening where one of the winners of the previous rounds that day was selected as the overall winner. The winner of the finals show received a \"\"Dream Ticket\"\" that granted them front-of-the-line privileges at any future \"\"American Idol\"\" audition. The attraction closed on August 30, 2014. \"\"American Idol\"\" is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19427313", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 15)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 15) The fifteenth season of \"\"American Idol\"\", also branded as American Idol: The Farewell Season, premiered on the Fox television network on January 6, 2016. Ryan Seacrest continued as the show's host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban, and Harry Connick, Jr. returned as judges. Scott Borchetta also returned as the in-house mentor. This season was four to six weeks shorter than seasons 2 through 14. On April 7, Trent Harmon was announced as the season's winner and La'Porsha Renae was the runner-up. Harmon was the third consecutive winner to never be in the bottom two or three,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5001201", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nthe first season, rising to $35 million by the seventh season, and between $50 to $60 million in the tenth season. The third major sponsor AT&T Wireless joined in the second season but ended after the twelfth season, and Coca-Cola officially ended its sponsorship after the thirteenth season amidst the declining ratings of \"\"Idol\"\" in the mid-2010s. iTunes sponsored the show since the seventh season. \"\"American Idol\"\" prominent display of its sponsors' logo and products had been noted since the early seasons. By the sixth season, \"\"Idol\"\" showed 4,349 product placements according to Nielsen Media Research. The branded entertainment integration", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176097", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\naccepted. Phillips released \"\"Home\"\" as his coronation song, while Sanchez released \"\"Change Nothing\"\". Phillips' \"\"Home\"\" has since become the best selling of all coronation songs. The twelfth season premiered on January 16, 2013. Judges Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler left the show after two seasons. This season's judging panel consisted of Randy Jackson, along with Mariah Carey, Keith Urban and Nicki Minaj. This was the first season since the ninth season to have four judges on the panel. The pre-season buzz and the early episodes of the show were dominated by the feud between the judges Minaj and Carey after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5628460", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 8)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 8) The eighth season of \"\"American Idol\"\" premiered on January 13, 2009, and concluded on May 20, 2009. Judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul, and Randy Jackson continued to judge the show's contestants, along with Ryan Seacrest as host. The season introduced Kara DioGuardi as the fourth judge on the \"\"Idol\"\" panel. It was also Abdul's final season as a judge. Kris Allen, a native of Conway, Arkansas, was announced the winner of the competition on May 20, 2009, defeating runner-up Adam Lambert after nearly 100 million votes. This was the second season where both of the final", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20309010", "chunk_text": "\"The American Idol Experience\"\nRyan Seacrest, judge Paula Abdul and \"\"American Idol\"\" creator Simon Fuller. \"\"The American Idol Experience\"\" has been promoted by winners of the \"\"American Idol\"\" from Season seven onwards by appearing in commercials and announcing \"\"I'm going to Disney World!\"\". In June 2014, Disney announced that the show would close in January 2015, then two months later they moved up the closure date to the end of August 2014. The show's final performances were on August 30, 2014. Park guests age 14 and older auditioned before a Disney \"\"casting director\"\" who judged singers based on their ability to sing and perform", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4998915", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nCowell. The judging panel for the last three seasons on Fox consisted of singers Keith Urban, Jennifer Lopez, and Harry Connick, Jr. The sixteenth season brought three new judges: singers Lionel Richie, Katy Perry, and Luke Bryan. The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, but Seacrest remained as the sole master of ceremonies for the rest of the series. The success of \"\"American Idol\"\" has been described as \"\"unparalleled in broadcasting history\"\". A rival TV executive said the series was \"\"the most impactful show in the history of television\"\". It became a recognized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176108", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nwas down 11% among total viewers, and the results show in which Kristy Lee Cook was eliminated delivered its lowest-rated Wednesday show among the 18–34 demo since the first season in 2002. However, the ratings rebounded for the seventh-season finale with the excitement over the battle of the Davids, and improved over the sixth season as the series' third most watched finale. The strong finish of season seven also helped Fox become the most watched TV network in the country for the first time since its inception, a first ever in American television history for a non-Big Three major broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6340279", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\n2016. In May 2017, ABC acquired the rights to the series and the program would return for the 2017–18 television season. The show had originally planned on having four judges following the \"\"Pop Idol\"\" format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing \"\"image concerns\"\". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176103", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nFremantle Media was in talks to revive the show for NBC or for its original network, Fox. A dispute between Fremantle and Core Media Group derailed these plans. In May 2017, ABC was making a bid to revive the program. ABC acquired the rights to the series, and that \"\"American Idol\"\" would return for the 2017–18 television season. Katy Perry, Luke Bryan and Lionel Richie were the three judges and Ryan Seacrest returned as host. The revival season premiered on March 11, 2018. On May 21, 2018 the season concluded, crowning Maddie Poppe winner and Caleb Lee Hutchinson runner-up. ABC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6341972", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\nBarack Obama praised the millions of young people that voted for contestants and pitched that they vote in the upcoming election. The farewell season concluded on April 7, 2016. Seacrest signed off by saying: \"\"And one more time—this is so tough—we say to you from Hollywood, goodnight America\"\", and then he added, \"\"for now.\"\" Trent Harmon won the season against runner-up La'Porsha Renae. Harmon released \"\"Falling\"\" co-written by Keith Urban as his coronation song. Renae's \"\"Battles\"\", third-place finisher Dalton Rapattoni's \"\"Strike A Match\"\" and fourth-place finisher MacKenzie Bourg's \"\"Roses\"\" were also released as singles. In early 2017, \"\"Variety\"\" reported that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15370861", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 14)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 14) The fourteenth season of \"\"American Idol\"\", also known as American Idol XIV, premiered on the Fox television network on January 7, 2015. Ryan Seacrest continues his role as host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third and second times as judges. Randy Jackson stepped down as mentor, being replaced by Scott Borchetta. Long-time sponsor Coca-Cola ended its relationship with the show. This was the fourth season to have an all-male finale and the third season where the final two contestants had never been in the bottom group prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20734168", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol (season 4)\"\nAmerican Idol (season 4) The fourth season of \"\"American Idol\"\" premiered on January 18, 2005 and continued until May 25, 2005. It was hosted by Ryan Seacrest. Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell also returned to judge. Carrie Underwood won the season with approximately 500 million votes cast in the season and 37 million for the finale. Underwood has since gone on to become a seven-time Grammy-winning country megastar. While in the past seasons celebrity guest judges have been invited to participate during the competition, this was the first season where guest judges were invited to participate in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176105", "chunk_text": "\"American Idol\"\n2002. The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year. The audience steadily grew, and by finale night, the audience had averaged 23 million, with more than 40 million watching some part of that show. That episode was placed third amongst all age groups, but more importantly it led in the in 18–49 demographic, the age group most valued by advertisers. The growth continued into the next season, starting with a season premiere of 26.5 million. The season attracted an average of 21.7 million viewers, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3216	when did the anti smacking law come in nz?	n/a	[ "anti-smacking bill", "21 June 2007" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11191035", "chunk_text": "\"Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007\"\nto by several of its opponents and newspapers as the \"\"anti-smacking bill\"\". The bill was passed on its third reading on 16 May 2007 by 113 votes to eight. The Governor-General of New Zealand granted the bill Royal Assent on 21 May 2007, and the law came into effect on 21 June 2007. A citizens-initiated referendum on the issues surrounding the law was held between 30 July and 21 August 2009, asking \"\"Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?\"\" Despite widespread criticism of the question's wording, the referendum was returned with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9614208", "chunk_text": "\"Child abuse in New Zealand\"\ncontrol. The amendment was colloquially referred to as an 'anti-smacking law' and was introduced as a private members bill by Green Party member Sue Bradford in 2005. It was endorsed by many organisations such as woman's refuge and Plunket however there was question as to what the law disallowed in the way of discipline with many questioning the right to a 'light smack' in the way of disciplining a child. The \"\"it's not okay\"\" campaign began with television advertisements in 2007 and 2008. Surveys were done to measure the effectiveness of this campaign and found that at least 95% of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15782652", "chunk_text": "\"Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007\"\n'protect children from assault'. The first conviction under the new law occurred on 22 November 2007. In the first five years of the law (June 2007 – June 2012) there were eight prosecutions for smacking. A broad selection of organisations – including child welfare groups, churches, women's groups and businesses – publicly endorsed the bill and made submissions in support of it. Gordon Copeland resigned from the United Future party over the Bill since he did not agree with the party leader Peter Dunne's support for it. However, Copeland was not re-elected to Parliament at the New Zealand general election,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5314347", "chunk_text": "\"Sue Bradford\"\ncommittee stage and its second parliamentary reading with a huge majority, and became law after it passed its third reading 113 to 8 on 16 May 2007. The Bill occasioned widespread debate largely due its depiction as an \"\"anti-smacking\"\" bill, and a movement led by Family First New Zealand called a citizens initiated referendum on the issue. In one reaction to the Bill, threats were made against Bradford on the \"\"CYFS Watch\"\" website. After the Ministry of Social Development complained about the threats, Google shut down the website. Further death threats were made against her in August 2009. Soon after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15087068", "chunk_text": "\"2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum\"\ngain sufficient signatures and subsequently lapsed. A protest against prime minister John Key's response to the referendum was held on Saturday, 21 November 2009 in Auckland. The New Zealand Herald estimated that between 4,000 and 5,000 people attended. On 24 March 2017 it was reported that New Zealand First and Winston Peters will take to the election a policy of repeal the anti-smacking law passed by the last parliament despite overwhelming public opposition. They went on to state that they will not enter any coalition or confidence and supply agreement with a party that wishes to ignore the public’s clearly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19670050", "chunk_text": "\"School corporal punishment\"\nin many Malaysian schools. Legally it should be applied only to male students, but the idea of making the caning of girls lawful has recently been debated. This would be applied to the palm of the hand, whereas boys are typically caned across the seat of the trousers. Banned in 1920. Corporal punishment in New Zealand schools was abolished in 1987, but wasn't abolished legislatively until 23 July 1990, when Section 139A of the Education Act 1989 was inserted by the Education Amendment Act 1990. Section 139A prohibits anyone employed by a school or ECE provider, or anyone supervising or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15087066", "chunk_text": "\"2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum\"\nYes. The \"\"Vote NO\"\" campaign website was launched on 22 June 2009. The campaign was supported by Simon Barnett. ACT leader Rodney Hide said he would vote no, believing parents have the right to lightly smack their children. Family First and The Kiwi Party also supported voting 'no'. Prime Minister John Key promised to bring forward the planned review of the law. By coincidence, Government coalition and ACT MP John Boscawen had a private member's bill legalising smacking drawn from the ballot less than a week after the referendum. Prime Minister John Key said his National Party would vote it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15087069", "chunk_text": "\"2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum\"\nstated view in a referendum on that issue after the New Zealand general election, 2017 2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum The New Zealand corporal punishment referendum, 2009 was held from 31 July to 21 August, and was a citizens-initiated referendum on parental corporal punishment. It asked: \"\"Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?\"\" Voter turnout was 56.1%. 87.4% of votes answered 'no'. The result of the referendum was non-binding and the New Zealand government did not change the law in response to the outcome. The petition for the referendum was launched", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15087057", "chunk_text": "\"2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum\"\n2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum The New Zealand corporal punishment referendum, 2009 was held from 31 July to 21 August, and was a citizens-initiated referendum on parental corporal punishment. It asked: \"\"Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?\"\" Voter turnout was 56.1%. 87.4% of votes answered 'no'. The result of the referendum was non-binding and the New Zealand government did not change the law in response to the outcome. The petition for the referendum was launched in February 2007 in response to the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Bill, which would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10159385", "chunk_text": "\"Family First New Zealand\"\n2007 amendment act which replaced Section 59 of the Crimes Act 1961, which had allowed for a defence of reasonable force in child abuse cases based on corporal punishment. The petition gained 324,316 signatures although only 285,027 were required for a referendum. When checked for invalid signatures there was a shortfall of 15,000 signatures. Sufficient signatures were then obtained to hold the New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum, 2009, asking voters \"\"Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?\"\". In May 2009, Family First criticised the Government for spending $8 million on the referendum", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12739452", "chunk_text": "\"Blasphemy law in New Zealand\"\nand Political Rights\"\" (ICCPR) on 12 November 1968, ratified it on 28 December 1978 and it came into force on 28 March 1979. This covenant is binding on signatory countries. The UN Human Rights Committee adopted \"\"General Comment 34\"\" in July 2011 that stated in paragraph 48 that \"\"Prohibitions of displays of lack of respect for a religion or other belief system, including blasphemy laws, are incompatible with the Covenant … \"\". New Zealand also signed the \"\"International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination\"\" (ICERD) on the 25 October 1966 and ratified it on 22 November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11191034", "chunk_text": "\"Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007\"\nCrimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 The Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 (formerly the Crimes (Abolition of Force as a Justification for Child Discipline) Amendment Bill) is an amendment to New Zealand's Crimes Act 1961 which removed the legal defence of \"\"reasonable force\"\" for parents prosecuted for assault on their children. The law was introduced to the New Zealand Parliament as a private members bill by Green Party Member of Parliament Sue Bradford in 2005, after being drawn from the ballot. It drew intense debate, both in Parliament and from the public. The bill was colloquially referred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18530588", "chunk_text": "\"New Zealand Sovereignty Party\"\nWilson in Te Tai Hauāuru — and received 248 votes in total. It did not stand any candidates at the 2014 election. New Zealand Sovereignty Party The New Zealand Sovereignty Party was a political party in New Zealand. It was founded in 2010 by Southland businessman Tony Corbett. The party advocated repealing the 2007 anti-smacking law and the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme and free dental care for school children. It opposes mining in national parks and privatisation. In June 2011 the party was conditionally awarded $20,000 of broadcasting funding for the 2011 election. On 19 October its logo was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "952788", "chunk_text": "\"New Zealand First\"\ninstitution of a superannuation level of 66% of the net average wage, and introduction of the SuperGold Card (see below). The party opposes any raising of the retirement age. 'Law and order' issues feature heavily in the party's policy platform. New Zealand First advocates a stricter criminal code, longer judicial sentences, and the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility. In 2011, at its annual convention, New Zealand First vowed to repeal the controversial Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 (which it characterised as the \"\"anti-smacking law\"\"), which a vast majority of voters rejected in a 2009 citizen-initiated referendum.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16538830", "chunk_text": "\"Referendums in New Zealand\"\nothers. Following the submission of a petition on 22 August 2008, the Clerk of the House verified to Parliament that the threshold for a CIR had been reached. Supporters were hoping for the referendum to be held alongside the 8 November general election, but it was decided by Parliament to hold the referendum by postal ballot between 31 July and 21 August 2009. The question asked was \"\"Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?\"\" Voter turnout was 56.1 percent. While 87.4 percent of votes answered 'no', the question drew widespread criticism", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16394343", "chunk_text": "\"Provocation (legal)\"\nof the Crimes Act 1961 and therefore abolishing the partial defense of provocation. The bill passed its third reading 116-5, with only ACT New Zealand opposing the bill, and became law effective 8 December 2009. Although the defense was removed, it could still be used for cases prior to 2009. In May 2010 Moliga Tatupu-Tinoa'i was convicted of murdering his wife at a service station in Wellington. Mr Tatupu-Tinoa'i's lawyer Mike Antunovic unsuccessfully attempted to use the partial defense of provocation. In 2015, Canada reformed the provocation defense restricting its use. Article 232(2) of the Criminal Code states that provocation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20182472", "chunk_text": "\"Crimes Act 1961\"\n3) 1985 (commenced 1 February 1986) criminalised marital rape and added the offence of sexual violation by unlawful sexual connection, criminalising female-on-male sexual violation and expanding sexual violation to include anal and oral intercourse. The Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986 amended the Crimes Act, allowing for consensual homosexual relationships between men. The Crimes Amendment Act 2005 (commenced 20 July 2005) changed made most sexual offences gender-neutral. This closed a legal loophole which prevented adult females from being convicted of sexual offending against boys under 16. Section 144A of the Crimes Act deals with New Zealand citizens and ordinary residents that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1980484", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Bradshaw\"\nspecialises in developing custom-built itineraries for visitors to New Zealand. In October 2016, Bradshaw was ordered to pay a $750 emotional harm fee after he was convicted of kicking a bouncer in the head at a Queenstown bar on June 13, 2014. He was sentenced on one charge of assault with intent to injure and, as well as the emotional harm payment, was ordered to pay a $500 fine along with courts costs. In March 2017, he had an appeal against his assault conviction thrown out. Bradshaw appealed against a conviction of assault with intent to injure, based on \"\"undue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18110783", "chunk_text": "\"School corporal punishment\"\nof children in the home as of May 2015). Banned in 1813, corporal punishment was re-legalised in 1815 and punishments by physical pain lasted legally till 1884, when it was banned again unless there was a Court order. The instruments were rebenques, slappings in the face and others. All corporal punishment in children is prohibited everywhere (schools, home, etc) since 2016. In Australia, laws on corporal punishment in schools are determined at individual state or territory level. While still legal in private schools in some states, in practice, very few schools impose corporal punishment. Corporal punishment in schools was banned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486285", "chunk_text": "\"Oranga Tamariki Act 1989\"\nOranga Tamariki Act 1989 The Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 or Children’s and Young People’s Well-being Act 1989 (titled the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 prior to 14 July 2017) is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament, passed in 1989. The Act provided for the \"\"care and protection\"\" of children as well as \"\"youth justice\"\". Considered to be groundbreaking legislation at the time, the Act introduced the Family Group Conference (FGC) as a means of making decisions about a child or young person that did not involve a Court Hearing. The Act set out procedures for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1358710", "chunk_text": "\"Corporal punishment\"\npaddles, etc. are strictly prohibited). It is also illegal to strike the head when disciplining a child. In the UK, spanking or smacking is legal, but it must not cause an injury amounting to Actual Bodily Harm (any injury such as visible bruising, breaking of the whole skin etc.); in addition, in Scotland, since October 2003, it has been illegal to use any implements or to strike the head when disciplining a child, and it is also prohibited to use corporal punishment towards children under the age of 3 years. In Pakistan, Section 89 of Pakistan Penal Code allows corporal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12475276", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in New Zealand\"\npurposes, while the arms act does not mention \"\"directly in words\"\" one cannot use a firearm for self-defence), but the new sport of target pistol shooting has become more popular, and pistol club shooters can own pistols with a special \"\"B\"\" endorsement. After the Aramoana massacre in November 1990, John Banks, the Minister for Police, announced that the government would ban what he and others described as \"\"Rambo-style\"\" weapons and substantially tighten gun laws generally. The law was eventually passed in 1992 and required written permits to order guns or ammunition by mail order, restricted ammunition sales to firearms licence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18461633", "chunk_text": "\"The Law of Corporal Punishment in England and Wales\"\nthe citizens of England and Wales that Act’s effects in lay terms, such as the following from \"\"The Daily Telegraph\"\".\"\"“Parents who smack their children hard enough to leave a mark will face up to five years' imprisonment from today. New laws which came into force at midnight allow mild smacking but criminalise any physical punishment which causes visible bruising.\"\"\"\"A ‘reasonable chastisement’ defence will still be available to parents but they could be charged with common assault if a smack causes bruises, grazes, scratches, minor swellings or cuts.\"\" \"\"Child protection charity the NSPCC said the law was flawed and called for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15362862", "chunk_text": "\"Child abuse in New Zealand\"\nthe twins) found not guilty for the murders of Christopher and Cru Kahui. Both twins died June 18, 2006 from blunt force trauma causing brain injury. It was suggested that this injury was caused by either direct blows to the head or being thrown against a firm surface or severe shaking. The death of the Kahui twins stunned the New Zealand community and was one of the contributing factors towards the New Zealand response campaign 'Never Shake A Baby'. In 2007 Nia Glassie died at the age of three, due to severe brain damage. Wiremu Curtis (her mother's partner) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "216084", "chunk_text": "Defamation\ndefamatory, as was held in this case. New Zealand received English law with the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in February 1840. The current Act is the Defamation Act 1992 which came into force on the 1 February 1993 and repealed the Defamation Act 1954. New Zealand law allows for the following remedies in an action for defamation: compensatory damages; an injunction to stop further publication; a correction or a retraction; and in certain cases, punitive damages. Section 28 of the Act allows for punitive damages only when a there is a flagrant disregard of the rights of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1216073", "chunk_text": "Caning\napplied by a female teacher. Caning as a school punishment for boys is still routine in a number of former British territories including Singapore, Malaysia and Zimbabwe. Until recently it had also been common in Australia (now banned in public schools; and abolished in practice (though not strictly in theory) by the vast majority of all independent schools), New Zealand (banned from 1990) and South Africa (banned in public and private schools alike from 1996). In the UK, all corporal punishment in private schools was finally banned in 1999 for England and Wales, 2000 in Scotland, and 2003 in Northern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4402996", "chunk_text": "\"Crime in New Zealand\"\nin imprisonment in New Zealand are set out in the Crimes Act 1961, including the Crimes (Repeal of Seditious Offences) Amendment Act 2007 and the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 – although criminal offences related to specific situations also appear in other legislation. Less serious breaches of the law are dealt with under legislation such as the Summary Offences Act 1981 and the Land Transport Act 1998 where penalties are more often a fine or other community sanctions rather than imprisonment. In July 2013, the new Criminal Procedure Act 2011 came fully into force. The Act sets out procedure for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1358708", "chunk_text": "\"Corporal punishment\"\npunishment of children by parents (or other adults) is outlawed in all settings in 54 nations and 3 constituent nations. States that have completely prohibited corporal punishment of children are listed below (in chronological order): For a more detailed overview of the global use and prohibition of the corporal punishment of children, see the following table. Domestic corporal punishment, i.e. the punishment of children by their parents, is often referred to colloquially as \"\"spanking\"\", \"\"smacking\"\" or \"\"slapping.\"\" It has been outlawed in an increasing number of countries, starting with Sweden in 1966. In some other countries, corporal punishment is legal,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18512078", "chunk_text": "\"Sentencing and Parole Reform Act 2010\"\nAct was first introduced into the New Zealand House of Representatives on 18 February 2009. Per New Zealand Parliamentary process, the proposed law went through three readings. It passed its first reading on 18 May 2009. The select committee reported back to the House on 26 March 2010, recommending the bill to proceed with modifications. The largest modification was changing the third strike penalty from life imprisonment with 25 years non-parole to the maximum sentence without parole, after the Attorney-General found the original penalty breached the cruel and unusual punishment provisions in the New Zealand Bill of Right Acts. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "686283", "chunk_text": "\"John Key\"\nin New Zealand. In opposition he was instrumental in promoting Nationals change of policy regarding keeping superannuation and Kiwibank. He also supported interest-free student loans and early childhood education funding. He relented on his stance in opposition to Sue Bradford's Child Discipline Bill, which sought to remove \"\"reasonable force\"\" as a defence for parents charged with \"\"prima facie\"\" assault of their children. Key and Prime Minister Helen Clark agreed a compromise – giving police the discretion to overlook smacking they regarded as \"\"inconsequential\"\". In August 2007 Key came in for criticism when he changed his position regarding the Therapeutic Products", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11036269", "chunk_text": "\"Slapping (strike)\"\nSlapping (strike) Slapping or smacking refers to striking a person with the open palm of the hand. The word was first recorded in 1632, probably as a form of Onomatopoeia. It shares its beginning consonants with several other English words related to violence, such as \"\"slash\"\", \"\"slay\"\", and \"\"slam\"\". The word is found in several English colloquialisms, such as, \"\"slap fight\"\", \"\"slap-happy\"\", \"\"slapshot\"\", \"\"slapstick\"\", \"\"slap on the wrist\"\" (as a mild punishment), \"\"slap in the face\"\" (as an insult or, alternatively, as a reproof against a lewd or insulting comment), and \"\"slap on the back\"\" (an expression of friendship or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8414820", "chunk_text": "\"Slapping (strike)\"\nSlapping (strike) Slapping or smacking refers to striking a person with the open palm of the hand. The word was first recorded in 1632, probably as a form of Onomatopoeia. It shares its beginning consonants with several other English words related to violence, such as \"\"slash\"\", \"\"slay\"\", and \"\"slam\"\". The word is found in several English colloquialisms, such as, \"\"slap fight\"\", \"\"slap-happy\"\", \"\"slapshot\"\", \"\"slapstick\"\", \"\"slap on the wrist\"\" (as a mild punishment), \"\"slap in the face\"\" (as an insult or, alternatively, as a reproof against a lewd or insulting comment), and \"\"slap on the back\"\" (an expression of friendship or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15591398", "chunk_text": "\"Three-strikes law\"\nand cons for the law. A 2015 study found that three-strikes laws were associated with a 33% increase in the risk of fatal assaults on law enforcement officers. In 2010, New Zealand enacted a similar three-strikes law called the Sentencing and Parole Reform Act 2010. The bill was sponsored by Police and Corrections Minister Judith Collins from the ruling National Party. It was passed into law by the National and ACT parties but was opposed by the opposition Labour and Green parties, and National's support partner, the Māori Party. While the Sentencing and Parole Act was supported by conservative groups", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10241142", "chunk_text": "\"Bruce Adamson\"\nCommission. He worked as a member of Children's Panels. In 2013 he was seconded to a position in Geneva, represent the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions. On 14 March 2017, Parliament approved his nomination. Adamson has spoken in support of a ban of smacking and the raising of the age of criminal responsibility. Bruce Adamson Bruce Adamson is the Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland, since 2017. Adamson was from Palmerston North, New Zealand. He attended Palmerston North Boys' High School. He studied at the Victoria University of Wellington where he did a Bachelor of Arts (majoring in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12879983", "chunk_text": "\"Oranga Tamariki Act 1989\"\nfor submissions on a discussion document reviewing how the Act was working, with a view to making improvements. Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 The Oranga Tamariki Act 1989 or Children’s and Young People’s Well-being Act 1989 (titled the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 prior to 14 July 2017) is an Act of the New Zealand Parliament, passed in 1989. The Act provided for the \"\"care and protection\"\" of children as well as \"\"youth justice\"\". Considered to be groundbreaking legislation at the time, the Act introduced the Family Group Conference (FGC) as a means of making decisions about a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18110801", "chunk_text": "\"School corporal punishment\"\nshall be dismissed. A federal law was implemented in 1998 which banned school corporal punishment. The law applied to all schools, both public and private. Any teacher who engages in the practice would not only lose their job and teaching license, but will also face criminal prosecution for engaging in violence against minors and will also face child abuse charges. In state-run schools, and in private schools where at least part of the funding came from government, corporal punishment was outlawed by the British Parliament in 1986, following a 1982 ruling by the European Court of Human Rights that such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3397195", "chunk_text": "\"Assault occasioning actual bodily harm\"\nAssault occasioning actual bodily harm Assault occasioning actual bodily harm (often abbreviated to Assault O.A.B.H. or simply ABH) is a statutory offence of aggravated assault in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Hong Kong and the Solomon Islands. It has been abolished in the Republic of Ireland and in South Australia, but replaced with a similar offence. Anything interfering with the health or comfort of victim which is more than merely transient or trifling has been held by Australian courts to be \"\"actual bodily harm\"\". The offence is created by section 24(1) of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15087063", "chunk_text": "\"2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum\"\nwhich predetermines the answer. People answering the question will be drawn to answer \"\"no\"\" on the basis that what is \"\"good\"\" cannot be criminal. Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand has made this argument: Mr Smith says the upcoming referendum will not provide clarity on the question of child discipline, because it is possible to support the 2007 amendment while voting either Yes or No to the referendum question: Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand? However, Caritas recognises that in the political context of the referendum, a 'Yes' vote is seen to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16891325", "chunk_text": "\"Royal New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\"\nCruelty to Animals Act 1835. This law was later replaced by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876, a law which the settlers brought with them during the colonisation of New Zealand. The English society received royal patronage in 1840. The New Zealand society first formed in Dunedin, and was followed by the establishment of the Auckland and Wellington branches in 1883 and 1884 respectively. From this point onwards, smaller communities began to establish their own branches of the society. In 1933 the separate local societies joined together to form the national New Zealand Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18530587", "chunk_text": "\"New Zealand Sovereignty Party\"\nNew Zealand Sovereignty Party The New Zealand Sovereignty Party was a political party in New Zealand. It was founded in 2010 by Southland businessman Tony Corbett. The party advocated repealing the 2007 anti-smacking law and the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme and free dental care for school children. It opposes mining in national parks and privatisation. In June 2011 the party was conditionally awarded $20,000 of broadcasting funding for the 2011 election. On 19 October its logo was registered with the Electoral Commission. The party stood two candidates in the 2011 election — Tony Corbett in Clutha-Southland and Robert Piriniha", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7208851", "chunk_text": "\"Bicycle helmets in New Zealand\"\nreligious belief or physical disability or other reasonable grounds.\"\" 58 of 69 applications for exemption were granted prior to 2000. In 2017 3,499 cyclists were were stopped and fined by police for riding without a helmet, down from 10,932 in 2013. A 2011 survey by the New Zealand Ministry of Transport found the national cycle helmet wearing rate, covering all age groups, to be 93%, the same as found in 2010 and comparable to the 92% rate seen in 2007–2009. The mandatory helmet law had its genesis in the late 1980s when Rebecca Oaten, dubbed the \"\"helmet lady\"\" in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6977948", "chunk_text": "\"Law of New Zealand\"\nother resources. The Treaty finally received limited recognition in 1975 with the passage of the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975, which established the Waitangi Tribunal, but this initially had very limited powers to make findings of facts and recommendations only. The Act was amended in 1985 to enable it to investigate Treaty breaches back to 1840, and also to increase the Tribunal membership. The membership was further increased in another amendment in 1988. The Treaty was incorporated in a limited way into New Zealand law by the State Owned Enterprises Act 1986. Section 9 of the act said \"\"Nothing in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12375529", "chunk_text": "\"Private member's bill\"\nprotection of children from abuse and excessive physical chastisement. It received very wide support from New South Wales organisations related to child health and welfare and was backed by several prominent members of the medical profession, particularly in the paediatric field, notably Dr. John Yu, CEO of Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney (who had been honoured by the Australian Government with the prestigious Australian of the Year award in 1996). Its initial aims were to limit physical chastisement by banning the use of implements (belts, sticks, hairbrushes, etc.), ban the use of force above the shoulders (thus preventing neck,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19701638", "chunk_text": "\"LGBT rights in New Zealand\"\nproposed removing the offence of consensual sex between males over the age of sixteen. Over the course of 14 months, the bill attracted organised opposition outside Parliament, including an anti-reform petition (which was rejected by Parliament). Inside Parliament, multiple attempts to raise the age of consent to 18 were rejected. The bill passed its final reading on 9 July 1986, 49 votes in favour to 44 opposed. It achieved royal assent (became an act) on 11 July 1986, and it came into effect on 8 August that year. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and (implicitly) gender identity was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15896211", "chunk_text": "\"Corporal punishment in the home\"\n\"\"Ninety percent of the world’s children live in countries where corporal punishment and other physical violence against children is still legal\"\". Many countries' laws provide for a defence of \"\"reasonable chastisement\"\" against charges of assault and other crimes for parents using corporal punishment. The defence is ultimately derived from English law. Since Nepal banned corporal punishment in September 2018, corporal punishment of children by parents (or other adults) is banned in 58 countries. The number of countries banning all forms of corporal punishment against children has grown significantly since the 1989 adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16045855", "chunk_text": "\"Helen Clark\"\nof the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 (the so-called anti-smacking law). She was accused of having a \"\"nanny state\"\" approach to social issues, a perception captured by the pejorative term 'Helengrad'. Labour had been consistently behind the National Party in opinion polls since 2006, and the gap widened significantly in early 2007. On 5 August 2008 the Treasury announced that the New Zealand economy had entered a recession. Clark's personal popularity was eclipsed by John Key soon after the latter's election as National Party Leader in November 2006. In the final media polls prior to the Key was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13412196", "chunk_text": "\"Child discipline\"\n2006 retrospective study in New Zealand, showed that physical punishment of children remained quite common in the 1970s and 1980s, with 80% of the sample reporting some kind of corporal punishment from parents, at some time during childhood. Among this sample, 29% reported being hit with an empty hand. However 45% were hit with an object, and 6% were subjected to serious physical abuse. The study noted that abusive physical punishment tended to be given by fathers and often involved striking the child's head or torso instead of the buttocks or limbs. Attitudes have changed in recent years, and legislation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1358705", "chunk_text": "\"Corporal punishment\"\ncommon-law principle that a husband had the right to \"\"physically chastise an errant wife\"\". In the UK the traditional right of a husband to inflict moderate corporal punishment on his wife in order to keep her \"\"within the bounds of duty\"\" was similarly removed in 1891. See Domestic violence for more information. In the United Kingdom, the use of judicial corporal punishment declined during the first half of the 20th century and it was abolished altogether in the Criminal Justice Act, 1948 (zi & z2 GEo. 6. CH. 58.), whereby whipping and flogging were outlawed except for use in very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10406847", "chunk_text": "\"Children's rights in New Zealand\"\nChildren's rights in New Zealand The rights of children living in New Zealand are secured through various pieces of legislation. These include the Children's Commissioner Act 2003 (CCA), and the Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 (CYPFA), the Care of Children Act 2004, the Education Act 1989, the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (NZBORA), the Crimes Act 1961, the Human Rights Act 1993, the Privacy Act 1993, and the Official Information Act 1982 (OIA). The laws and policies comply with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which New Zealand ratified on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9614205", "chunk_text": "\"Child abuse in New Zealand\"\nwhat the consequences of shaking a baby at the early stages of development were. It was introduced by Paula Bennett the Minister of Social Development and Employment at the time. The concern was that the statistics showed that every five days on average a child was hospitalized due to non accidental injuries. The campaign also involved a first-response community-based child abuse prevention trial that followed up on those families in which domestic violence had been reported. This was a government submission on their commitment to address the factors that place children at risk of abuse, the government response to protect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3217	what's the dwarf's name in game of thrones?	n/a	[ "Tyrion Lannister" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18656740", "chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nKing's Landing, the capital, Ned's friend King Robert Baratheon (Mark Addy) shares a loveless marriage with Cersei Lannister (Lena Headey), who has taken her twin brother, the \"\"Kingslayer\"\" Ser Jaime Lannister (Nikolaj Coster-Waldau), as her lover. She loathes her younger brother, the dwarf Tyrion Lannister (Peter Dinklage), who is attended by his mistress Shae (Sibel Kekilli) and the sellsword Bronn (Jerome Flynn). Cersei's father is Lord Tywin Lannister (Charles Dance). Cersei also has two young sons: Joffrey (Jack Gleeson) and Tommen (Dean-Charles Chapman). Joffrey is guarded by the scar-faced warrior, Sandor \"\"the Hound\"\" Clegane (Rory McCann). The king's Small Council", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17271239", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\na shorter stunt double seen from behind. In contrast, because Dwarves and Hobbits are in the same size scale, Gimli interacts freely with the Hobbit characters within the same camera frame. A good example is when the Fellowship enters Lothlórien, and Gimli walks up to Frodo and puts his hand on his shoulder, warning him to stay close. Actor John Rhys-Davies is actually <nowiki>6'1\"\"</nowiki> (1.85 m) (two inches (5 cm) taller than Viggo Mortensen, who plays Aragorn), much taller than Elijah Wood (Frodo) who is <nowiki>5'6\"\"</nowiki> (1.67 m), thus keeping the proportion that Dwarves are taller than Hobbits. Other dwarves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3639279", "chunk_text": "\"Davos Seaworth\"\nDavos Seaworth Davos Seaworth, nicknamed the Onion Knight, is a fictional character from the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of epic fantasy novels by American writer George R. R. Martin. He is a point-of-view character in \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" and \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\" with a total of 13 chapters. Davos is portrayed by Irish actor Liam Cunningham in the HBO television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Davos is a man of low birth, born in Flea Bottom of King's Landing to the life of a poor commoner. In his youth, he became one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18417395", "chunk_text": "\"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things\"\nBaelish and his net of informers, Eddard follows up on two more clues regarding the last days of his predecessor. He questions a smith's apprentice whom Jon Arryn had visited in his last days and, due to his resemblance to King Robert, Stark deduces that the boy is the king's bastard. Eddard also plans to question Jon Arryn's former squire, but the recently knighted young man is killed while jousting at the tournament held in Eddard's honor. The knight responsible for his untimely end is Ser Gregor Clegane, also known as \"\"The Mountain\"\" due to his towering size. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11863958", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nthe Electronic Arts Real-Time Strategy game \"\"\"\", and specialized in attacks that would either destroy or disable the opponents' buildings. He is portrayed by Peter Hambleton in Peter Jackson's \"\"The Hobbit\"\" film trilogy. In \"\"\"\", Glóin is shown to be something of a miser who withholds his personal stash of money from the Company's payment to Bard until he first beholds the Lonely Mountain, whereupon he surrenders it all. Peter Hambleton also portrayed an older version of the character in Peter Jackson's \"\"\"\" during the meeting in Rivendell. Kíli ( – 2941) was one of the twelve companions of Thorin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5236990", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarfs (Discworld)\"\nthan normal humans, nearly always bearded (with the exception of Count Casanunda and Mad in XXXX), and live to about 300. Despite this, the dividing line between dwarfs and humans seems somewhat blurred, and Pratchett has hinted that humans and dwarfs can interbreed; for example, Nanny Ogg's thick skull is put down to dwarfish ancestry. It may be moot, as Dwarfs see their dwarfishness as a matter of culture rather than genetics or height. Hence, Captain Carrot Ironfoundersson is accepted as a dwarf, despite being a -foot-tall human. As Tolkien implied of his dwarves, Discworld dwarfs of both sexes have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18656739", "chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nin the Night's Watch under Lord Commander Jeor Mormont (James Cosmo). The Wildlings living north of the Wall include young Gilly (Hannah Murray), and warriors Tormund Giantsbane (Kristofer Hivju) and Ygritte (Rose Leslie). Others associated with House Stark include Ned's ward Theon Greyjoy (Alfie Allen), his vassal Roose Bolton (Michael McElhatton), and Bolton's bastard son, Ramsay Snow (Iwan Rheon). Robb falls in love with the healer Talisa Maegyr (Oona Chaplin), and Arya befriends the blacksmith's apprentice Gendry (Joe Dempsie) and the assassin Jaqen H'ghar (Tom Wlaschiha). The tall warrior Brienne of Tarth (Gwendoline Christie) serves Catelyn and, later, Sansa. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465127", "chunk_text": "\"Gregor Clegane\"\nGregor Clegane Gregor Clegane, nicknamed \"\"The Mountain That Rides\"\" or simply \"\"The Mountain\"\", is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". In the books, the character is initially introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\". He subsequently appeared in \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\" (1998), \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000) and in \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\" (2011). A famous knight and retainer to House Lannister, he is well known for his size, prowess in battle, extremely cruel nature, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3639298", "chunk_text": "\"Davos Seaworth\"\nLanding. Davos Seaworth disrupts the social structure of the Seven Kingdoms, by becoming a knight despite his humble origins. Davos Seaworth Davos Seaworth, nicknamed the Onion Knight, is a fictional character from the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of epic fantasy novels by American writer George R. R. Martin. He is a point-of-view character in \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" and \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\" with a total of 13 chapters. Davos is portrayed by Irish actor Liam Cunningham in the HBO television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Davos is a man of low birth, born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18716977", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nand his two sons, Ibun and Khîm, who lived at Amon Rûdh. They gave shelter to Túrin Turambar and his band at their home of Amon Rûdh. Mîm was later captured by a band of Orcs and saved his own life by betraying Túrin, though his sons were killed. Mîm later became the possessor of a treasure-hoard abandoned by the dragon Glaurung, but was later killed by Húrin, Túrin's father. The Dwarves are portrayed as a very ancient people who awoke, like the Elves, at the start of the First Age, before the existence of the Sun and Moon (the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7505239", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nof the fabulous hoard of Erebor. He lived in Erebor for forty-seven years, until he joined Balin's expedition to Moria. There, as recorded in the Book of Mazarbul, he was killed by the Watcher in the Water while trying to escape via Moria's Western Door. In Peter Jackson's movie \"\"\"\", Óin is played by John Callen. He wields a staff and uses an ear trumpet. In addition to his skill at lighting fires, Óin is the group's healer. Ori was one of the twelve companions of Thorin and Bilbo on the Quest of Erebor. He was of Durin's House, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1455278", "chunk_text": "\"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things\"\nas the gigantic knight Gregor Clegane, known as \"\"the Mountain.\"\" Stevens had sought to join the production since HBO started developing \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Since the character of Gregor Clegane, the role he believed he was most fitted for, did not appear in the pilot, he auditioned for the role of Khal Drogo instead in the hopes of getting noticed by the casting team. Although that role went to Jason Momoa, Stevens was chosen for the part of Gregor. Other recurring roles making their first appearance in the episode include Dominic Carter as commander of the City Watch Janos Slynt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18716998", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nare named as Durin, Sindri, Linnar, Var, Uri, Thulin and Vigdis. In the real-time strategy game \"\"\"\", and its , both based on the Jackson films, Dwarves are heavily influenced by classical military practice, and use throwing axes, war hammers, spears, and circular or Roman-style shields. One dwarf unit is the \"\"Phalanx\"\" and is very similar to its Greek counterpart. Dwarf (Middle-earth) In the fantasy of J. R. R. Tolkien, the Dwarves are a race inhabiting Middle-earth, the central continent of Earth in an imagined mythological past. They are based on the dwarfs of Germanic myths: small humanoids that dwell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144876", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nancient homelands. They sought refuge in Middle-earth's western lands, where some of them met Frodo Baggins. Dwarves did not figure prominently in the major battles of the War of the Ring although the Lonely Mountain was besieged for a time and Dáin killed in the Battle of Dale. One dwarf, however—Gimli—joined the Fellowship of the Ring and was a companion of the Ringbearer for a great part of his journey, and also fought at the Battle of the Hornburg, the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, and the Battle of the Morannon. At the start of the Fourth Age, Gimli led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18716955", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\ntheir \"\"true-names\"\" and true language a secret. Along with a few words in Khuzdul, Tolkien also developed runes of his own invention (the Cirth), said to have been invented by Elves and later adopted by the Dwarves. Tolkien further underlines the diaspora of the Dwarves with the lost stronghold of the Mines of Moria. In \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\", Tolkien uses the main dwarf character Gimli to finally reconcile the conflict between Elves and Dwarves through showing great courtesy to Galadriel and forming a deep friendship with Legolas, which has been seen as Tolkien's reply toward \"\"Gentile anti-Semitism and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3336464", "chunk_text": "\"A Game of Thrones\"\nhis kingly duties, but does not as he fears what his heir Joffrey might do as king. At Winterfell, an assassin attempts to kill Bran, thwarted only by his direwolf Summer. Catelyn departs for King's Landing to bring word of this to Ned. Shortly after that, Bran awakens as a paraplegic, with no memory of the cause of his fall. Upon Catelyn's arrival in King's Landing, she is brought to her childhood friend, Petyr \"\"Littlefinger\"\" Baelish, who identifies Tyrion Lannister, the dwarf brother of Cersei and Jaime, as the owner of the dagger used against Bran, and agrees to help", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3229056", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nWhen he died in the year 91 of the Fourth Age he was aged 340, very old even for a Dwarf. His name is taken from Dvalin, a dwarf from the Poetic Edda and other Norse mythology. Dwalin appeared in the 1977 adaptation of \"\"The Hobbit\"\", voiced by Jack DeLeon. He only has one line in the entire film. Dwalin is portrayed by Graham McTavish in Peter Jackson's \"\"The Hobbit\"\" film adaptation. He is the first dwarf to appear at Bilbo's home in the first film. He is more taciturn compared to his brother, Balin. Recognisable by his bald head,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144887", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nappear in passing in two scenes of \"\"\"\" movie: the \"\"prologue\"\" introduces the seven dwarf-lords that received the Rings of Power, and four more are present at the Council of Elrond (in contrast to the book, where only Gimli and his father Glóin are described). Peter Jackson's Dwarves wear scale armour. In Peter Jackson's adaption of \"\"The Hobbit\"\", a wider range of dwarves is seen: the 13 in Thorin's Company and others seen early on in \"\"\"\". Much more of the Dwarves' history and culture is seen throughout the main story, as with the 13 Dwarves of Thorin's Company. Examples", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2600036", "chunk_text": "\"Gregor Clegane\"\nuncontrollable temper. He is also the older brother of Sandor \"\"The Hound\"\" Clegane; the two are mortal enemies ever since Gregor gruesomely scarred Sandor by shoving his face into a brazier when they were children. He later becomes the personal bodyguard of Cersei Lannister under the name Robert Strong. In the HBO television adaptation, Clegane was originally portrayed by Australian actor Conan Stevens in season one, and by Welsh actor Ian Whyte in season two; Icelandic actor and strongman Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson took over the role from season four onwards. Ser Gregor Clegane, known as the Mountain That Rides, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867625", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nname \"\"Thrór\"\" from the Old Norse dwarf-name \"\"Þrór\"\", which means \"\"thrive\"\", an allusion to Thrór's prosperity. Thrór is portrayed by Jeffrey Thomas in Peter Jackson's film version of \"\"The Hobbit\"\". In this version Azog beheads him at the Battle of Azanulbizar. Thráin II ( – 2850) was the father of Thorin Oakenshield and the son of Thrór. In revenge for his father's death he started the War of the Dwarves and Orcs. Later he went wandering, and was captured by the Necromancer in Dol Guldur at which time the last of the three surviving Seven Rings of Power was taken", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144888", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nof Khuzdul are seen, such as on Thorin Oakenshield's map, as well as the Dwarves' history, with the main story and the flashbacks. Female dwarves are actually shown on-screen briefly in the \"\"Hobbit\"\" trilogy, in the flashbacks to the fall of Erebor and Dale to Smaug the Dragon—as mentioned in the novels and first trilogy, they are depicted with beards (somewhat thinner than male beards, like very long and braided sideburns). The behind the scenes extras explain that the producers wanted to use the 13 members of Thorin's company to depict a diverse social strata, to round out their personalities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11069367", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\ntool. Notably when Kíli is introduced in \"\"The Hobbit\"\", he is carrying a bag of tools. In Peter Jackson's film adaptation of \"\"The Hobbit\"\", Kíli is portrayed by Aidan Turner. He is the archer of Thorin's company, and is the only Dwarf in the film to not have a full-grown beard, only stubble. In this portrayal, despite their vastly differing backgrounds, he and the elven warrior Tauriel begin to form a bond, as they recognize each other as kindred spirits. During the Battle of Five Armies, he joins Thorin's commando team to take down Azog on Ravenhill, and when Tauriel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867636", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\n− 2589) was a Dwarf of the line of Durin. He was born in the Grey Mountains, where his father, Dáin I, succeeded as king in T.A. 2585. Frór and his father were killed there by a cold-drake. The kingship of Durin's folk then passed to Frór's elder brother Thrór, who refounded the kingdom of Erebor. However, the greater part of Durin's folk followed Frór's younger brother Grór to the Iron Hills. Fundin ( − 2799) was a Dwarf of the royal line of Durin. He was the son of Farin, and the elder brother of Gróin. The brothers were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144875", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nMountain after Smaug the dragon was slain by Bard, the future King of Dale. After the ensuing Battle of Five Armies, in which the Eagles, the Elves of Mirkwood, the Men of Dale, and the Dwarves of the Iron Hills (as well as Thorin's band) defeated an invading horde of Goblins and in which Thorin was killed, his cousin Dáin II Ironfoot, already Lord of the Iron Hills, became King Under the Mountain, and the Lonely Mountain was not abandoned again. Late in the Third Age, when war and terror grew in Rhûn, considerable numbers of its Dwarves left their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18716966", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nup to 300 years of age, and Dwalin reached the rare lifespan of 340 years (comparable to a Middle Man living to 100). In \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" Tolkien writes that they breed slowly, for no more than a third of them are female, and not all marry; also, female Dwarves look and sound (and dress, if journeying—which is rare) so alike to Dwarf-males that other folk cannot distinguish them, and thus others wrongly believe Dwarves grow out of stone. Tolkien names only one female, Dís. Dwarves appear to mature much more slowly than humans. Thorin Oakenshield described himself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19265069", "chunk_text": "\"Tyrion Lannister\"\nto journey with him to meet Daenerys Targaryen in Meereen. During their journey, Tyrion is kidnapped by Daenerys' former advisor Jorah Mormont, who aims to redeem himself to Daenerys by bringing her the dwarf. However, Tyrion and Jorah are captured by slavers, whom Tyrion convinces to sell them to the fighting pits in Meereen. During a demonstration of pit fighters, Tyrion and Jorah encounter Daenerys; she decides to take Tyrion into her service, but orders Jorah exiled again. At the re-opening of Meereen's fighting pits, the insurgency known as the Sons of the Harpy launch a massive attack, which is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144880", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nin which all of them appear, as well as make use of stunt doubles and various camera perspective tricks. However, while the different races come in three size ranges, the adaptations only used \"\"two\"\" different size scales, by putting both Dwarves and Hobbits into the same size scale. This was achieved by simply casting tall actors to play Dwarves, who thus seem proportionately taller than the average-height Hobbit actors, without the need for camera tricks or digital compositing. Thus Gimli rarely interacts with Men and Elves within the same camera frame, or when he does, Gimli is actually played by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16403192", "chunk_text": "\"Tyrion Lannister\"\n2013. Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister of Casterly Rock, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional continent of Westeros. In the story, Tyrion uses his status as a Lannister to mitigate the prejudice he has received all of his life, even from his family. Knowing that no one will ever take him seriously, he soothes his inadequacies with wine, wit and self-indulgence. As the peaceful rule of King Robert Baratheon begins to decay, Tyrion sees how ill-equipped his family are to hold everything together. He first saves his own neck from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867622", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nHills. Durin's Folk were eventually reunited in 2941 on the accession of Dáin's great-grandson and namesake, Dáin Ironfoot. Thrór ( – 2790) was a King of Durin's folk. His life was a mixture of great success and devastating tragedies. He was born in the Ered Mithrin (Grey Mountains), the eldest son of Dáin I; his brothers Frór and Grór were also born there. He succeeded to the kingship when a cold-drake killed his father in T.A. 2589; his brother Frór was also killed by the dragon. The following year he and most of his people left the Grey Mountains; many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16108166", "chunk_text": "\"Ramsay Bolton\"\nRamsay Bolton Ramsay Bolton, formerly known as Ramsay Snow and also as Bastard of Bolton or Bastard of the Dreadfort, is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1998's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", Ramsay is the eldest son of Roose Bolton, the lord of the Dreadfort, an ancient fortress in the North of the kingdom of Westeros. He is subsequently mentioned in \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000) and \"\"A Feast for Crows\"\" (2005). He later appears", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16313094", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (mythology)\"\nDwarf (mythology) In Germanic mythology, a dwarf is a human-shaped entity that dwells in mountains and in the earth, and is variously associated with wisdom, smithing, mining, and crafting. Dwarfs are sometimes described as short and ugly, although some scholars have questioned whether this is a later development stemming from comical portrayals of the beings. Dwarfs continue to be depicted in modern popular culture in a variety of media. The modern English noun \"\"dwarf\"\" descends from the Old English \"\"dweorg\"\". It has a variety of cognates in other Germanic languages, including Old Norse \"\"dvergr\"\" and Old High German \"\"twerg\"\". According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16194186", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage\"\na role model for people sharing his condition. At the 2012 Golden Globe ceremony, when Dinklage won the award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film, he told the audience that he had been thinking about \"\"a gentleman, his name is Martin Henderson,\"\" and suggested that they Google his name. Henderson was a person with dwarfism from Somerset, England, who was badly injured by being tossed by a rugby fan in a bar. Henderson made a cameo as a goblin in two Harry Potter films. The speech by Dinklage brought media and public attention to the act", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17271217", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nwith the Elves, most notably the Noldor and Sindar. By the Third Age, however, the Dwarves were estranged from the Elves and no longer routinely learned their language. Instead, they both used the Westron or Common Speech, which was a Mannish tongue. In the Grey-elvish or Sindarin the Dwarves were called \"\"Naugrim\"\" (\"\"Stunted People\"\"), \"\"Gonnhirrim\"\" (\"\"Stone-lords\"\"), and \"\"Dornhoth\"\" (\"\"Thrawn Folk\"\"), and also \"\"Hadhodrim\"\". In Quenya they were the \"\"Casári\"\". The Dwarves called themselves \"\"Khazâd\"\" in their own language, Khuzdul. Tolkien took the names of twelve of the thirteen dwarves he used in \"\"The Hobbit\"\" (and Gandalf's name as well) from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13740671", "chunk_text": "\"Conan Stevens\"\ncharacter. He ended up playing an unnamed Gundabad Orc, called \"\"Keeper of the Dungeons\"\" in \"\"\"\". Stevens co-wrote the 2009 martial arts film, \"\"Bangkok Adrenaline\"\". Conan Stevens Mark \"\"Conan\"\" Stevens is an Australian actor, writer, stuntman and former professional wrestler. He is 213 cm (7'0\"\") tall. Stevens portrayed giant green swamp monster Man-Thing in Marvel's \"\"Man-Thing\"\" film and Gregor Clegane (\"\"The Mountain\"\") in the first season of the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He was cast to portray Bolg, son of Azog, in Peter Jackson's \"\"Hobbit\"\" trilogy, and completed a portion of the films' photography in makeup as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "492722", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (mythology)\"\ndonors' of important artifacts with magical qualities, or sexual predators who lust after goddesses. They are primarily associated with metalsmithing, and also with death, as in the story of King Sveigðir in \"\"Ynglinga saga\"\", the first segment of the \"\"Heimskringla\"\" — the doorways in the mountains that they guard may be regarded as doors between worlds. One dwarf named Alvíss claimed the hand of Thor's daughter Þrúðr in marriage, but he was kept talking until daybreak and turned to stone, much like some accounts of trolls. After the Christianization of the Germanic peoples, tales of dwarfs continued to be told", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144856", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nto his advantage). The trust and interaction between elves and dwarves was later restored through the friendship of Legolas and Gimli. In \"\"The Silmarillion\"\", the Dwarves are described as shorter and stockier than Elves and Men, able to withstand both heat and cold. They prefer to live underground, especially in cities under mountains. Unlike Elves and Men, created by the supreme god Ilúvatar, Dwarves were created by the Vala Aulë. According to \"\"The Silmarillion\"\", Ilúvatar \"\"adopted\"\" Aulë's creations as a special mercy to Aulë. Throughout the First Age and most of the Second Age, the Dwarves maintain mostly friendly trading", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7505208", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nfollowing 13 dwarves; their quest in \"\"The Hobbit\"\" is the main impetus of the plot of that story. Their quest, which occurred in , was joined by Bilbo Baggins (a hobbit) and occasionally by the wizard Gandalf. Thorin II Oakenshield ( – 2941) was the King of Durin's Folk who led the expedition to destroy Smaug in T.A. 2941 and was slain in the Battle of Five Armies. In Peter Jackson's \"\"The Hobbit\"\" film trilogy, Thorin is portrayed by Richard Armitage. Balin ( – 2994) was one of the twelve companions of Thorin and Bilbo Baggins on the Quest of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20809120", "chunk_text": "\"Petyr Baelish\"\nthe Iron Throne according to Starrett. Aidan Gillen has received award nominations for his portrayal. His nominations include Portal Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2012, and Irish Film & Television Awards for Best Supporting Actor on Television in 2012 and 2014. Petyr Baelish Petyr Baelish, nicknamed Littlefinger, is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin. He is a prominent non-point of view character in Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series, and a main character in HBO's adaptation of the series, \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", where he was portrayed by Aidan Gillen. In \"\"A Storm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11070981", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nthroughout the War of the Ring, fighting at the Hornburg, Pelargir, and Pelennor Fields. His friendship with Legolas and love for Galadriel earned him the title of \"\"Elf-friend\"\". He was played by John Rhys-Davies in Peter Jackson's film series \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\". The royal family of the Longbeards included its kings; Thorin Oakenshield and many of his Company (namely Balin & Dwalin, Fíli & Kíli, Óin & Glóin, and Ori, Nori & Dori); and Gimli of the Fellowship of the Ring; all listed above. The following are miscellaneous members of the royal family. Borin ( − 2711) was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7680724", "chunk_text": "\"Roose Bolton\"\nRoose Bolton Roose Bolton is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Bolton, a northern lord with his seat at the Dreadfort, is a retainer of Lord Eddard Stark. Bolton is known for being cold and calculating. Bolton's heir is his bastard son Ramsay Snow. Bolton joins Robb Stark's rebellion as (along with Greatjon Umber) one of Stark's lieutenants. He marries Fat Walda (Frey), after having been offered any Frey bride's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20478232", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarfs (Discworld)\"\nand Eric Bloodaxe, a 10th-century Viking king. Sergeant Cheery Littlebottom is a forensic alchemist for the City Watch and one of the first dwarfs to be openly female, pronouncing her name as Cheri. She now often wears a leather skirt and has slightly raised iron heels (welded on by herself) on her boots while on duty. Her surname translates in Dwarfish as \"\"Sh'rt'azs\"\" ('shortarse'). Her family lives in Überwald, except for her late brother Snorey who died in a gas explosion somewhere under Borogravia. She is introduced in \"\"Feet of Clay\"\" and appears in all subsequent Watch novels, most notably", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17271219", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\ntheir ancient homelands and sought refuge in Middle-earth's western lands. Their names are: The Petty-dwarves were Dwarves of several houses, which had been exiled in very ancient times for reasons unknown. They were the first to cross the Ered Luin in the Years of the Trees, and established strongholds in Beleriand before the building of Nogrod and Belegost in the Blue Mountains, and before the Elves arrived. These very ancient settlements were at Nargothrond and Amon Rûdh. The usual Sindarin name was \"\"Noegyth Nibin\"\"; others include \"\"Nibin-Nogrim\"\" and \"\"Noegoethig\"\", formed of \"\"nibin\"\" (\"\"petty\"\") and one of the Elvish names for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7505237", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nthe fabulous hoard of Erebor, where he lived the rest of his days. He was alive and well many years after the Quest, as reported in \"\"The Fellowship of the Ring\"\" by Glóin to Frodo Baggins, on the eve of the Council of Elrond. Nori's name was taken from Norse mythology; see also wikt:Nóri. He is portrayed by Jed Brophy in Peter Jackson's \"\"The Hobbit\"\" film adaptation. He sports a distinct triple mohawk hairstyle and fights with a long spiked staff, along with numerous concealed weapons. He is also a longtime thief who shares a strained relationship with his two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9348268", "chunk_text": "\"Gregor Clegane\"\nsimply the Mountain, is the older brother of Sandor Clegane and is a vassal to Tywin Lannister. His size and strength make him a fearsome warrior, and he has earned a reputation for brutality. When they were children, Gregor shoved Sandor's face into a brazier for using his toy, gruesomely scarring him. Over the course of his service to House Lannister, he has committed numerous war crimes, but he is most infamous for the rape and murder of the Targaryen royal family. Clegane was one of the first Lannister soldiers to enter King's Landing during its sack at the end", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144879", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\nKindreds\"\", named after each of the founding fathers—Durin, Bávor, Dwálin, Thrár, Druin, Thelór and Bárin—are given in \"\"The Lords of Middle-earth—Volume III\"\" (1989). In Peter Jackson's live action adaptation of \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" film trilogy, Gimli's character is occasionally used as comic relief and several of his appearances are intended to emphasize the difference between the Dwarves and Elves. As explained in the DVD commentary, the races in the Fellowship come in three height ranges: regular sized Men and Elves, Dwarves who average , and Hobbits who average . The adaptation had to digitally composite certain wide shots", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11070991", "chunk_text": "\"Middle-earth dwarf characters\"\nthe Orc-lord of Moria, broke Nain's neck at the East-gate of Moria. Nain's young son, Dáin Ironfoot, avenged his father's death by killing Azog in turn. Náin died before his own father, so he never succeeded to the lordship of the Iron Hills. Upon Nain's death his son Dáin became heir. (Dáin later succeeded to the lordship, and eventually succeeded to the kingship of Erebor.) Náin was among those revered in memory as a Burned Dwarf. This section comprises those of Durin's folk who are not recorded as being members of the royal family. There were also three famous Longbeards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1338594", "chunk_text": "\"Conan Stevens\"\nConan Stevens Mark \"\"Conan\"\" Stevens is an Australian actor, writer, stuntman and former professional wrestler. He is 213 cm (7'0\"\") tall. Stevens portrayed giant green swamp monster Man-Thing in Marvel's \"\"Man-Thing\"\" film and Gregor Clegane (\"\"The Mountain\"\") in the first season of the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He was cast to portray Bolg, son of Azog, in Peter Jackson's \"\"Hobbit\"\" trilogy, and completed a portion of the films' photography in makeup as the character. He was subsequently replaced in the role by \"\"Lord of the Rings\"\" trilogy veteran Lawrence Makoare when Bolg was revamped into a completely CGI", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13032779", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage\"\nCinematic Universe film \"\"\"\" and Hervé Villechaize in the biopic film \"\"My Dinner with Hervé\"\". Since shooting the pilot episode in 2009, Dinklage has portrayed Tyrion Lannister on the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", for which he won three Primetime Emmys from seven consecutive nominations. He also received a Golden Globe for the role in 2012. Peter Hayden Dinklage was born on June 11, 1969, in Morristown, New Jersey, to John Carl Dinklage, an insurance salesman, and Diane Dinklage, an elementary-school music teacher. He was born with achondroplasia, a common form of dwarfism. Dinklage grew up as the only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12696207", "chunk_text": "\"Gregor Clegane\"\nis confronted by his brother Sandor \"\"The Hound\"\" Clegane in the season finale, where Sandor conveys an ominous message that he (Gregor) already knows who is coming for him and that he has always known. Gregor Clegane Gregor Clegane, nicknamed \"\"The Mountain That Rides\"\" or simply \"\"The Mountain\"\", is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". In the books, the character is initially introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\". He subsequently appeared in \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5144877", "chunk_text": "\"Dwarf (Middle-earth)\"\na group of colonists from the Lonely Mountain to the Glittering Caves, beneath Hornburg in Rohan, where he established another Dwarf kingdom and ruled there for more than a century. After the death of Aragorn in the year 120 of the Fourth Age, he sailed to the Undying Lands with Legolas. It is told that a few centuries into the Fourth Age, Durin VII – a descendant (some sources say the son) of Thorin III Stonehelm – at last led Durin's Folk back to recolonize Khazad-dûm, where they remained \"\"until the world grew old and the Dwarves failed and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3218	who plays christian in 50 shades of grey?	n/a	[ "James \"Jamie\" Dornan" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6956348", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\nFifty Shades Darker (film) Fifty Shades Darker is a 2017 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. The second film in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series and the sequel to the 2015 film \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", it stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, with Eric Johnson, Eloise Mumford, Bella Heathcote, Rita Ora, Luke Grimes, Victor Rasuk, Kim Basinger, and Marcia Gay Harden in supporting roles. Principal photography on \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" and its sequel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10512878", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\nwarnings regarding their content\"\". In February 2015, the Malaysian Home Ministry banned the \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" books shortly after banning its film adaptation after permitting them for three years in local bookstores, citing morality-related reasons. A film adaptation of the book was produced by Focus Features, Michael De Luca Productions, and Trigger Street Productions, with Universal Pictures and Focus Features securing the rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917127", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nFifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12618557", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nJames' husband, Niall Leonard, would write the script for the sequel. Leonard also went on to write the script for the third film. The casting for the lead roles was considered controversial. Many contenders considered for the film included Ryan Gosling, Garrett Hedlund, Theo James, Alexander Skarsgård, François Arnaud, Charlie Hunnam, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen as Christian Grey. Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones were all considered for the role of Anastasia Steele. On September 2, 2013, Dakota Johnson and Charlie Hunnam were cast as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey respectively. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1208403", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nto lampoon.\"\" Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15152751", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nFifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first film, \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", was released on February 13, 2015, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087163", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nJames' first choice for the role of Christian Grey, but James felt that casting Pattinson and his \"\"Twilight\"\" co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be \"\"weird\"\". Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian. Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\". On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively. The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15152763", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nfilms) and \"\"Alien\"\" ($1.328 billion not counting the PG-13 \"\"Alien vs. Predator\"\"). Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1208402", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nof the film, \"\"Fifty Shades of Black\"\", was released on January 29, 2016, in North America. Marlon Wayans and Rick Alvarez wrote the script, in which Wayans stars as Christian Black. The film was distributed by SquareOne Entertainment in Germany and Open Road Films in the United States; IM Global produce and finance it, as well as handling international releases. Kali Hawk parodied the role of Anastasia Steele, with supporting cast including Affion Crockett, Mike Epps, Jane Seymour, and Fred Willard. It was released theatrically on January 29, 2016 and described as less funny \"\"than the unintentionally-funny film it's trying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17659334", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Grimes\"\nshow's sixth season. Grimes played United States Navy SEAL Marc Lee, who was killed in action in 2006, in \"\"American Sniper\"\" (2014). He played Christian Grey's brother, Elliot, in the film \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" (2015), and its sequels, \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" (2017) and \"\"Fifty Shades Freed\"\" (2018). Grimes played Todd Belkin in \"\"Freeheld\"\" opposite Julianne Moore, Steve Carell, Ellen Page and Michael Shannon. Peter Sollett directed this independent feature film, which is based on a true story. Luke Grimes Luke Timothy Grimes (born January 21, 1984) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6932675", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Freed (film)\"\nFifty Shades Freed (film) Fifty Shades Freed is a 2018 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, and based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. It is the third and final installment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series, following \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" (2015) and \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" (2017). The film stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, and follows the couple as they marry, and must deal with Ana's former boss (Eric Johnson), who begins to stalk them. Principal photography on \"\"Fifty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1208362", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nit is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective.\"\" During October 2013, actress Jennifer Ehle was in talks for the role of Anastasia's mother Carla. On October 12, 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had exited the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his FX series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\". Alexander Skarsgård, Jamie Dornan, Theo James, François Arnaud, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen were at the top of the list to replace Hunnam as Christian Grey. Finally, on October 23, 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5566470", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie Dornan\"\nJamie Dornan James Dornan (born 1 May 1982) is an actor, model, and musician from Northern Ireland. He played Sheriff Graham Humbert in the ABC series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2011–2013), and serial killer Paul Spector in the BBC Two and RTÉ One crime drama series \"\"The Fall\"\" (2013–2016), the latter of which won him an Irish Film and Television Award for Best Actor in Television and was nominated for a British Academy Television Award for Best Actor . In film, he portrayed Axel von Fersen in Sofia Coppola's \"\"Marie Antoinette\"\" (2006), Christian Grey in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" franchise (2015–2018),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12748009", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (novel series)\"\nthe rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and became an immediate success, making it to #1 at the box office with $558.5 million. However, critical reactions were generally negative. After the first film premiered at a special fan screening in New York City on 6 February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087164", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nincluded Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones. Keeley Hazell auditioned for an unspecified role. Lucy Hale also auditioned for the film. Emilia Clarke was also offered the role of Anastasia but turned down the part because of the nudity required. Taylor-Johnson would give every actress who auditioned for the role of Anastasia four pages to read of a monologue from Ingmar Bergman's \"\"Persona\"\". The studio originally wanted Ryan Gosling for Christian, but he was not interested in the role. Garrett Hedlund was also considered, but he could not connect with the character. Stephen Amell said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6956372", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\nagain, the story involves the on-and-off, tie-her-up, tie-her-down romance between Anastasia Steele (Ms. Johnson) and her billionaire boyfriend, Christian Grey (Jamie Dornan), a guy with sculptured muscles, expensive playthings and dreary issues. Stuff and kink happens: A gun is fired, a would-be rapist is punished and Anastasia is bound hand and foot. Mostly, she advances and retreats (repeat), mewls and moans, and registers surprise each time Christian tries to dominate her outside the bedroom, evincing the kind of stalkerlike behavior that usually leads to restraining orders. Richard Brody of \"\"The New Yorker\"\" described the film as inferior to the first,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9269262", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nreplacement for Christian Grey. In October 2013, Jennifer Ehle was cast as Carla Wilks. On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film to play the role of Elena Lincoln in the sequels, Grey's business partner and former lover, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini would be returning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1201832", "chunk_text": "\"Christian XXX\"\nChristian XXX Christian XXX or Christian (born May 8, 1974) is the stage name of an American pornographic actor and producer. He was known as Maxx Diesel during the beginning of his career when he performed in gay porn, appearing in over 3000 scenes in transgender and straight erotica and winning four AVN Awards since then. He was the main producer/director for the company Naughty America from 2009-2011. He was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame in 2017 Christian was born in Burlington, Vermont. At a young age, he moved to the San Antonio, Texas area with his family.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1364600", "chunk_text": "\"Dakota Johnson\"\n2010, she was in a relationship with Noah Gersh, a musician in a band called <nowiki>\"\"</nowiki>HoneyChild<nowiki>\"\"</nowiki> before starting a relationship with Jordan Masterson. In July 2014, she started dating Welsh \"\"Drowner\"\"s-frontman Matthew Hitt. The couple had an on-and-off relationship until June 2016.Johnson started dating Coldplay frontman Chris Martin in October 2017. Dakota Johnson Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring role as Anastasia Steele in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series (2015–18). For her performances in the series, she received the People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17659332", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Grimes\"\nLuke Grimes Luke Timothy Grimes (born January 21, 1984) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the acclaimed film \"\"American Sniper\"\" and the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series. Grimes was born in Dayton, Ohio, the son of a Pentecostal pastor. Grimes graduated from Dayton Christian High School in 2002. He moved to New York City to study acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Grimes has appeared in \"\"All the Boys Love Mandy Lane\"\", \"\"War Eagle, Arkansas\"\", and \"\"Assassination of a High School President,\"\" which received a limited release in March 2009. He also appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18516487", "chunk_text": "\"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian\"\nGrey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey As Told by Christian, also referred to as Grey, is a 2015 erotic romance by British author E. L. James. It is the fourth installment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" series, which had its start as fanfiction. The novel was released on 18 June 2015 to coincide with the birth date of the character Christian Grey. The work's first printing run consisted of 1.25 million copies. Christian Grey, a successful and rich 27-year-old businessman, meets 21-year-old university student Anastasia \"\"Ana\"\" Steele when she interviews him on behalf", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "358162", "chunk_text": "\"Dominic Sherwood\"\nDominic Sherwood Dominic Anthony \"\"Dom\"\" Sherwood (born 6 February 1990) is an English actor and model, known for his role as Christian Ozera in the teen vampire film \"\"Vampire Academy\"\", and his role as Jace Wayland/Lightwood/Herondale/Morgenstern on the Freeform and Netflix fantasy series \"\"Shadowhunters\"\". Sherwood was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. He attended Oakwood Park Grammar School in Maidstone for his secondary school education. After studying drama and theatre in Maidstone and Sevenoaks, he left to work abroad, starting in Kenya and working for six months before moving to London. Sherwood's first acting role came in 2010, with his appearance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8916054", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades\"\nFifty Shades Fifty Shades is an adult erotic BDSM romance franchise created by E. L. James; originating as a fanfic about the young-adult genre \"\"Twilight\"\" teen romance novel series by Stephenie Meyer. It has produced a novel series, with an original novel trilogy and two follow-up novels, as well as a film trilogy. Anastasia Steele, a young college graduate meets Christian Grey, a young business mogul, and becomes his submissive partner. The series explores the development of their relationship. The \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" novel trilogy (Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, Fifty Shades Freed) was originally written as a fan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6568284", "chunk_text": "\"Dakota Johnson\"\nDakota Johnson Dakota Mayi Johnson (born October 4, 1989) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her starring role as Anastasia Steele in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" film series (2015–18). For her performances in the series, she received the People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress and a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination, among others. Johnson made her acting debut in the film \"\"Crazy in Alabama\"\" (1999). She held supporting roles in the films \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010), \"\"Beastly\"\" (2011), \"\"21 Jump Street\"\" (2012), \"\"The Five-Year Engagement\"\" (2012), and \"\"Need for Speed\"\" (2014). Following her \"\"Fifty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "358165", "chunk_text": "\"Dominic Sherwood\"\nbrown. Dominic Sherwood Dominic Anthony \"\"Dom\"\" Sherwood (born 6 February 1990) is an English actor and model, known for his role as Christian Ozera in the teen vampire film \"\"Vampire Academy\"\", and his role as Jace Wayland/Lightwood/Herondale/Morgenstern on the Freeform and Netflix fantasy series \"\"Shadowhunters\"\". Sherwood was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. He attended Oakwood Park Grammar School in Maidstone for his secondary school education. After studying drama and theatre in Maidstone and Sevenoaks, he left to work abroad, starting in Kenya and working for six months before moving to London. Sherwood's first acting role came in 2010, with his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14877567", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Bale\"\nside of the red carpet and you're called a sex symbol. There's no more to it than that.\"\" \"\"Empire\"\" picked him as one of the \"\"100 Sexiest Men\"\". The website stated: \"\"He's not going to be the funniest or lightest guy around ... but Christian Bale compensates with a scorching intensity that makes him searingly hot.\"\" In 2011, he was listed among the Time 100, a compilation of the 100 most influential people in the world selected annually by \"\"Time\"\". Christian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English-American actor. He is known for his intense", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16272166", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Kaluuya\"\nDaniel Kaluuya Daniel Kaluuya (born 24 February 1989) is an English actor and writer. He achieved international recognition and acclaim for his leading role as Chris Washington in the horror film \"\"Get Out\"\" (2017), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, SAG Award, and BAFTA Award for Best Actor. In 2018, he won the BAFTA Rising Star Award. Kaluuya began his career as a teenager in improvisational theatre. He subsequently appeared in the first two seasons of the British television series \"\"Skins\"\", in which he co-wrote some of the episodes. Playing the lead role in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16272175", "chunk_text": "\"Daniel Kaluuya\"\nThe film was released on 16 February 2018, in the United States. Daniel Kaluuya Daniel Kaluuya (born 24 February 1989) is an English actor and writer. He achieved international recognition and acclaim for his leading role as Chris Washington in the horror film \"\"Get Out\"\" (2017), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, SAG Award, and BAFTA Award for Best Actor. In 2018, he won the BAFTA Rising Star Award. Kaluuya began his career as a teenager in improvisational theatre. He subsequently appeared in the first two seasons of the British television series \"\"Skins\"\", in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8814305", "chunk_text": "\"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian\"\nDarker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian Darker: Fifty Shades Darker As Told by Christian, also referred to as Darker, is a 2017 erotic romance by British author, E. L. James. It is the fifth installment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" novel series. The books were originally told by Anastasia Steele, the main protagonist, whereas \"\"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian\"\" is told from the male character's point of view of the events of the second installment, \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\". The novel was released on 28 November 2017. After breaking up in \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", billionaire Christian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3826000", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Slater\"\nChristian Slater Christian Michael Leonard Slater (born August 18, 1969) is an American actor, voice actor and producer. He made his film debut with a leading role in \"\"The Legend of Billie Jean\"\" (1985) and gained wider recognition for his breakthrough role as Jason “J.D.” Dean, a sociopathic high school student, in the satire \"\"Heathers\"\" (1988). In the 1990s, Slater starred in many big budget films, including \"\"\"\" (1991), \"\"Interview with the Vampire\"\" (1994), \"\"\"\" (1992), \"\"Broken Arrow\"\" (1996), and \"\"Hard Rain\"\" (1998) as well as cult films like \"\"Pump Up the Volume\"\" (1990) and \"\"True Romance\"\" (1992). Since 2000,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4233843", "chunk_text": "\"Charlie Hunnam\"\nsci-fi film \"\"Pacific Rim\"\", which opened in July 2013 and grossed $411 million worldwide. It was announced on 2 September 2013 that Hunnam would play the lead role of Christian Grey in the film adaptation of E. L. James' novel \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\". However, on 12 October 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had withdrawn from the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his series \"\"Sons of Anarchy\"\". On 2 June 2014, Hunnam was awarded a Huading Award for Best Global Emerging Actor, for his role as Raleigh in \"\"Pacific Rim\"\" due to the film performing well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10512845", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\nFifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism (BDSM). Originally self-published as an ebook and a print-on-demand, publishing rights were acquired by Vintage Books in March 2012. \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" has topped best-seller lists around the world, selling over 125 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12223095", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Madsen\"\n\"\"Jack Squared\"\". Christian Madsen Christian Madsen (born ) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the films \"\"Divergent\"\" (2014) and \"\"Palo Alto\"\" (2013). Christian Madsen was born in 1990 in Los Angeles to actors Michael Madsen and Jeannine Bisignano. His aunt is actress Virginia Madsen and his grandmother is filmmaker and author Elaine Madsen. He began acting at the age of ten, when he appeared in a small role in one of his father's films, and spent time on the set of a number of other films, including \"\"Free Willy\"\" and \"\"The Getaway\"\". His grandmother,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19515104", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Black\"\nFifty Shades of Black Fifty Shades of Black is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans, who also co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\", and was released theatrically on January 29, 2016. It grossed $22 million at the worldwide box office on a $5 million budget. It was also Florence Henderson's last film before her death on November 24, 2016, which was 10 months after the film was released. Christian Black introduces shy college student Hannah Steale to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917142", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nOn October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. Ora originally wanted to work on the soundtrack. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. In September, filming was scheduled to start on November 5, 2013, in Vancouver, British Columbia. The following month, producer Michael De Luca announced filming would begin on November 13, 2013. Principal photography was again delayed and eventually started on December 1, 2013.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6339519", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Cooke\"\ninitially portrayed by Ed Westwick, who was replaced by Cooke amid allegations of sexual assault. Projects currently under way for Cooke include short film \"\"Everything You Didn't Say\"\" alongside \"\"Magic City\"\" co-star Olga Kurylenko, a Netflix adaptation of \"\"Point Blank\"\" and a feature film adaptation of \"\"Knives In Hens\"\", titled \"\"Embers\"\". Christian Cooke Christian Louis Cooke (born 15 September 1987) is an English actor. He is known for playing Luke Kirkwall in \"\"Where the Heart Is\"\", Luke Rutherford in \"\"Demons\"\", Dorian Gaudain in \"\"Trinity\"\", Freddie Taylor in \"\"Cemetery Junction\"\" and Len Matthews in the Channel 4 mini series \"\"The Promise\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5717450", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Madsen\"\nChristian Madsen Christian Madsen (born ) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the films \"\"Divergent\"\" (2014) and \"\"Palo Alto\"\" (2013). Christian Madsen was born in 1990 in Los Angeles to actors Michael Madsen and Jeannine Bisignano. His aunt is actress Virginia Madsen and his grandmother is filmmaker and author Elaine Madsen. He began acting at the age of ten, when he appeared in a small role in one of his father's films, and spent time on the set of a number of other films, including \"\"Free Willy\"\" and \"\"The Getaway\"\". His grandmother, filmmaker Elaine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5397631", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\non 10 February 2017. The first still from the film was released on Friday, 24 April 2015, showing Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey in a black mask looking into a mirror. In April 2015, Universal Pictures chairman Donna Langley told \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" that the second instalment will be \"\"more of a thriller\"\". In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Canada on 9 February 2016 and continued through 12 July 2016. On 28 January 2016, producer Charolette McKinney broke ground on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8730423", "chunk_text": "\"E. L. James\"\nlist of the highest-earning authors with earnings of $95m which included $5m for the film rights to \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\". On 1 June 2015 James announced the upcoming release of \"\"Grey: Fifty Shades of Grey as Told by Christian\"\", which was released into stores on 18 June 2015. \"\"Darker: Fifty Shades Darker as Told by Christian\"\" was released November 28, 2017. James was one of the British celebrities, including Tom Hiddleston, Benedict Cumberbatch and Rachel Riley, to design and sign her own card for the UK children's charity Thomas Coram Foundation for Children. The campaign was launched by crafting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14877523", "chunk_text": "\"Christian Bale\"\nChristian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English-American actor. He is known for his intense method acting style, often transforming his body drastically for his roles. The recipient of many awards, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe, he was featured in the Time 100 list of 2011. Born in Haverfordwest, Wales, to English parents, Bale had his first starring role at age 13 in Steven Spielberg's war film \"\"Empire of the Sun\"\" (1987). Following a decade of leading and supporting roles, including in \"\"Little Women\"\" (1994), he gained wider recognition for portraying the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917129", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nDarker\"\" and \"\"Fifty Shades Freed\"\", released in 2017 and 2018 respectively. 21-year-old Anastasia \"\"Ana\"\" Steele is an English literature major at Washington State University’s satellite campus near Vancouver, Washington. When her roommate, Kate Kavanagh, becomes ill and is unable to interview Christian Grey, a 27-year-old billionaire entrepreneur, for the college newspaper, Ana agrees to go in her place. At Christian's Seattle headquarters called Grey House, Ana stumbles her way through the meeting. Christian, who is that year's WSU commencement speaker, takes an interest in her; soon after, he visits the hardware store where Ana works. He agrees to Ana's request", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14983063", "chunk_text": "\"Thore Schölermann\"\nThore Schölermann Thore Schölermann (born 26 September 1984 in Iserlohn, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German actor and television host. After graduation in 2004 he trained to be a professional actor at Palma de Mallorca, Spain. He then took part in a few short movies. He had lead roles in \"\"The Typewriter\"\", directed by FM Croissant in 2004, followed by \"\"Unscrewed 2\"\", directed by Florian Huber in 2005 and \"\"Butterfly Child\"\", directed by Daniel Schmidt in 2006 In 2006, Schölermann took the part of Christian Mann in the soap opera \"\"Verbotene Liebe\"\". After being cast in August, he first appeared on-screen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12917146", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nJanuary 25, 2014, more than a year prior to release, Universal displayed posters with the phrase, \"\"Mr. Grey will see you now\"\", in five locations across the United States. On February 14, 2014, the first photograph of Johnson as Anastasia was released. On June 18, 2014, the film's official Twitter account released the first still of Dornan as Christian in honor of Christian's birthday. On July 9, 2014, the book's author, E. L. James, said on Twitter that the film's trailer would be released on July 24, 2014. Beyoncé debuted a teaser for the trailer on her Instagram account five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16291836", "chunk_text": "\"Kim Basinger\"\nIn 2016, she had a brief role, as a crooked high-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice, in the crime comedy \"\"The Nice Guys\"\", alongside Russell Crowe and Ryan Gosling. Basinger played Elena Lincoln, the business partner and former lover of Christian Grey, in the film adaptation of \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" (2017), the sequel to \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\". Dakota Johnson, her co-star, described her as \"\"one of the great people to work with\"\". Despite negative reviews, the film made US$381.4 million globally. In 1979, Basinger met makeup artist Ron Snyder-Britton (born Ronald Snyder) on the film \"\"Hard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18770445", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Neal\"\nstarred alongside Christina Cox and Kyle Schmid. The producers of the show ultimately chose Neal, Cox, and Schmid as the three leads of the show over other auditioning actors after observing the natural chemistry among the trio. Neal later commented that fans often compliment the three actors for their charming on-screen chemistry and camaraderie. Neal played the male lead opposite Andie MacDowell in the television series \"\"Cedar Cove\"\" for the Hallmark Channel. Neal plays Jack Griffith, a Philadelphia reporter. He played Bob Adams, stepfather to the main character Anastasia Steele (Dakota Johnson), in the highly anticipated film adaptation \"\"Fifty Shades", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9269265", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades (film series)\"\nIn November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films would be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Paris and Vancouver from February 9, 2016, to July 12, 2016, under the working title \"\"\"\"Further Adventures of Max and Banks 2 & 3\"\".\"\" Filming on \"\"Fifty Shades Darker\"\" concluded on April 11, 2016. When Anastasia \"\"Ana\"\" Steele, a literature student, goes to interview the wealthy Christian Grey, as a favor to her roommate Kate Kavanagh, she encounters a handsome, brilliant and intimidating man. The innocent and naive Ana, startled to realize she wants him,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5473755", "chunk_text": "\"Sharlto Copley\"\nSharlto Copley Sharlto Copley (born 27 November 1973) is a South African actor. He has played Wikus van der Merwe in the Oscar-nominated science fiction film \"\"District 9\"\", Howling Mad Murdock in the 2010 adaptation of \"\"The A-Team\"\", Agent C.M. Kruger in the science fiction film \"\"Elysium\"\", James Corrigan in the science fiction horror film \"\"Europa Report\"\" and King Stefan in the dark fantasy adventure film \"\"Maleficent\"\". He also played the title character in the science fiction film \"\"Chappie\"\" and starred in two seasons as Christian Walker of the TV series \"\"Powers\"\". Sharlto is married to fellow South African actress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6956361", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades Darker (film)\"\ncast to play Boyce Fox, and on April 7, it was reported that Hugh Dancy had joined to play Dr. John Flynn, Grey's psychiatrist; neither actor appeared in the finished film. Principal photography was initially set to begin in Vancouver in June 2015. However, it was later postponed due to delays in the script. It was later reported that filming would begin in February 2016 in Vancouver, while the studio North Shore Studios was booked for the film. In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that the film and \"\"Freed\"\" would be shot back-to-back, with principal photography scheduled to commence in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10624315", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Airlie\"\nAndrew Airlie Andrew Airlie (born September 18, 1961) is a Scottish-born Canadian actor. He has starred in television series including \"\"Breaker High\"\" and his TV credits include guest starring in popular television shows such as \"\"Monk\"\", \"\"Smallville\"\", \"\"Stargate SG-1\"\" and \"\"The X-Files\"\". He had television regular roles as Mr. Oliver, the protagonist's father, on the series, \"\"Reaper\"\", which aired from 2007 until 2009, and as Mission Control Commander Mike Goss on the series \"\"Defying Gravity\"\" in 2009. His best-known film role was as Michael Corman in \"\"Final Destination 2\"\". He portrays Carrick Grey, father of Christian Grey, in the \"\"Fifty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16087160", "chunk_text": "\"Fifty Shades of Grey (film)\"\nthe contract, and in an effort to understand Christian psychologically, Ana asks him to demonstrate how he would \"\"punish\"\" her for rule breaking. Christian whips Ana's buttocks with a belt. Upset and disgusted, Ana breaks up with Christian after concluding that he is wrong for her and his practices border on being deviant and excessive. By early 2013, several Hollywood studios were keen to obtain film rights to \"\"The New York Times\"\" bestselling \"\"Fifty Shades\"\" trilogy of novels. Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount, Universal, and Mark Wahlberg's production company submitted bids for the film rights. Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3219	who plays ser davos in game of thrones?	n/a	[ "Liam Cunningham" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4206072", "chunk_text": "\"Liam Cunningham\"\nLiam Cunningham Liam Cunningham (born 2 June 1961) is an Irish stage and screen actor. He is known for playing Davos Seaworth in the HBO epic-fantasy series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He has been nominated for the London Film Critics' Circle Award, the British Independent Film Award, has won two Irish Film & Television Awards, and shared a BAFTA with Michael Fassbender, for their crime-drama short film \"\"Pitch Black Heist\"\". Cunningham was born in East Wall, which is an inner city area of the Northside of Dublin. He has three sisters and a brother, and was brought up in a Roman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3639298", "chunk_text": "\"Davos Seaworth\"\nLanding. Davos Seaworth disrupts the social structure of the Seven Kingdoms, by becoming a knight despite his humble origins. Davos Seaworth Davos Seaworth, nicknamed the Onion Knight, is a fictional character from the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of epic fantasy novels by American writer George R. R. Martin. He is a point-of-view character in \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" and \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\" with a total of 13 chapters. Davos is portrayed by Irish actor Liam Cunningham in the HBO television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Davos is a man of low birth, born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3639279", "chunk_text": "\"Davos Seaworth\"\nDavos Seaworth Davos Seaworth, nicknamed the Onion Knight, is a fictional character from the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of epic fantasy novels by American writer George R. R. Martin. He is a point-of-view character in \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" and \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\" with a total of 13 chapters. Davos is portrayed by Irish actor Liam Cunningham in the HBO television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Davos is a man of low birth, born in Flea Bottom of King's Landing to the life of a poor commoner. In his youth, he became one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464109", "chunk_text": "\"Iain Glen\"\nIain Glen Iain Glen (born 24 June 1961) is a Scottish film, television, and stage actor. Glen is known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs / Tyrant in the \"\"Resident Evil\"\" film series and as Ser Jorah Mormont in the HBO fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Other notable roles include John Hanning Speke in \"\"Mountains of the Moon\"\", Sir Richard Carlisle in \"\"Downton Abbey\"\", the title role in \"\"Jack Taylor\"\", and Jarrod Slade in \"\"Cleverman\"\". Iain Glen was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and educated at the Edinburgh Academy, an independent school for boys (now co-educational), followed by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4456025", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Bean\"\nSean Bean Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959), known professionally as Sean Bean (), is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of \"\"Romeo and Juliet\"\" in 1983. Retaining his Yorkshire accent, he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series \"\"Sharpe\"\". Bean subsequently gained further recognition for his performance as Ned Stark in the HBO epic fantasy series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", and won both a BAFTA and an International Emmy, both for Best Actor. He has also been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16689159", "chunk_text": "\"Burn Gorman\"\nBurn Gorman Burn Hugh Winchester Gorman (born 1 September 1974) is an American-born English actor and musician. He is known for his roles as Dr. Owen Harper in the BBC series \"\"Torchwood\"\" (2006–08), Karl Tanner in the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2013–14), Dr. Hermann Gottlieb in \"\"Pacific Rim\"\" (2013) and its sequel \"\"Pacific Rim Uprising\"\" (2018), and Major Edmund Hewlett in the AMC series \"\"\"\" (2014). Since 2015, Gorman has portrayed The Marshal in the Amazon drama \"\"The Man in the High Castle\"\". Gorman was born in Hollywood, California, to English parents. His father was a professor of linguistics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481258", "chunk_text": "\"Owen Teale\"\nOwen Teale Owen Teale (born 20 May 1961) is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Ser Alliser Thorne in the HBO fantasy TV series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Trained at the Guildford School of Acting, Teale made his television debut in \"\"The Mimosa Boys\"\" in 1984. in 1985, he appeared in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" serial \"\"Vengeance on Varos\"\" as \"\"Maldak\"\". His film debut was in \"\"War Requiem\"\" in 1989. He later appeared in \"\"Knights of God\"\" (1989), \"\"Great Expectations\"\" (1989), and \"\"Boon\"\" (1990) before being cast as Will Scarlet in the 1991 film \"\"Robin Hood\"\". He went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8481254", "chunk_text": "\"Owen Teale\"\nOwen Teale Owen Teale (born 20 May 1961) is a Welsh actor best known for his role as Ser Alliser Thorne in the HBO fantasy TV series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Trained at the Guildford School of Acting, Teale made his television debut in \"\"The Mimosa Boys\"\" in 1984. in 1985, he appeared in the \"\"Doctor Who\"\" serial \"\"Vengeance on Varos\"\" as \"\"Maldak\"\". His film debut was in \"\"War Requiem\"\" in 1989. He later appeared in \"\"Knights of God\"\" (1989), \"\"Great Expectations\"\" (1989), and \"\"Boon\"\" (1990) before being cast as Will Scarlet in the 1991 film \"\"Robin Hood\"\". He went on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12940773", "chunk_text": "\"Stephen Dillane\"\nStephen Dillane Stephen John Dillane (born 27 March 1957) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Leonard Woolf in the 2002 film \"\"The Hours\"\", Stannis Baratheon in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", and American politician Thomas Jefferson in the 2008 HBO miniseries \"\"John Adams\"\", a part which earned him a Primetime Emmy nomination. An experienced stage actor who has been called an \"\"actor's actor\"\", Dillane won a Tony Award for his lead performance in Tom Stoppard's play \"\"The Real Thing\"\" (2000) and gave critically acclaimed performances in \"\"Angels in America\"\" (1993), \"\"Hamlet\"\" (1994), and a one-man \"\"Macbeth\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464114", "chunk_text": "\"Iain Glen\"\nTheatre, Coventry, and former artistic director of the Dundee Repertory Theatre. He was married to Susannah Harker from 1993 to 2004; they have one son. His current partner is actress Charlotte Emmerson, and they have two daughters. Iain Glen Iain Glen (born 24 June 1961) is a Scottish film, television, and stage actor. Glen is known for his roles as Dr. Alexander Isaacs / Tyrant in the \"\"Resident Evil\"\" film series and as Ser Jorah Mormont in the HBO fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Other notable roles include John Hanning Speke in \"\"Mountains of the Moon\"\", Sir Richard Carlisle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5939177", "chunk_text": "\"Max von Sydow\"\nSay Never Again\"\" (1983); Liet-Kynes in \"\"Dune\"\" (1984); Frederick in \"\"Hannah and Her Sisters\"\" (1986); Lassefar in \"\"Pelle the Conqueror\"\" (1987), for which he received his first Academy Award nomination; Dr Peter Ingham in \"\"Awakenings\"\" (1990); Lamar Burgess in \"\"Minority Report\"\" (2002); Josiah Kane in \"\"Solomon Kane\"\" (2009); Sir Walter Loxley in \"\"Robin Hood\"\" (2010); The Renter in \"\"Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close\"\" (2012), which earned him his second Academy Award nomination; and Lor San Tekka in \"\"\"\" (2015). In 2016, Sydow joined the cast of HBO's hit series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", playing the role of the Three-eyed Raven for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16720905", "chunk_text": "\"Ed Skrein\"\nEd Skrein Edward George Skrein (; born 29 March 1983) is an English actor and rapper. Outside his rap career, he is best known for his roles as Daario Naharis in the third season of \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", Frank Martin Jr. in \"\"The Transporter Refueled\"\" and Francis Freeman / Ajax in \"\"Deadpool\"\". Skrein was born in Camden, London, England, and was raised there and in other London boroughs, Haringey and Islington. He is of Jewish Austrian and English descent. Skrein graduated from Byam Shaw School of Art, a public tertiary art school, with a BA Hons degree in fine art", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16720909", "chunk_text": "\"Ed Skrein\"\nyears old, Skrein has been a swimming coach for Greenwich Leisure Limited working at leisure centres such as Caledonian Road Pool and Gym and Archway Pool. Ed Skrein Edward George Skrein (; born 29 March 1983) is an English actor and rapper. Outside his rap career, he is best known for his roles as Daario Naharis in the third season of \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", Frank Martin Jr. in \"\"The Transporter Refueled\"\" and Francis Freeman / Ajax in \"\"Deadpool\"\". Skrein was born in Camden, London, England, and was raised there and in other London boroughs, Haringey and Islington. He is of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20773989", "chunk_text": "\"Jared Harris\"\nJared Harris Jared Francis Harris (born 24 August 1961) is a British actor, best known for his roles as Lane Pryce in the television drama series \"\"Mad Men\"\", David Robert Jones in the science fiction series \"\"Fringe\"\", King George VI in the historical series \"\"The Crown\"\", Anderson Dawes on the science fiction series \"\"The Expanse\"\" and captain Francis Crozier in the AMC series \"\"The Terror\"\". He has also had significant supporting roles in films such as \"\"Mr Deeds\"\" (2002), \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008), \"\"\"\" (2011), \"\"Lincoln\"\" (2012), and \"\"Allied\"\" (2016). Harris was born in Hammersmith, London, one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19302306", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage on screen and stage\"\n(2010) and Trumpkin in the high fantasy film \"\"\"\" (2008). He gained international recognition in 2011 with the HBO fantasy drama series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" for his portrayal of Tyrion Lannister. As of 2016, Dinklage has received consecutive Primetime Emmy nominations from 2011 to 2016 including two wins for the role as well as one Golden Globe Award. In 2017, Dinklage became one of the highest paid actors on television and earned £2 million per episode of \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Dinklage provided the voice of Captain Gutt in the 2012 computer-animated comedy \"\"\"\", which earned over $877 million—his highest grossing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4019990", "chunk_text": "\"Richard E. Grant\"\nRichard E. Grant Richard E. Grant (born Richard Grant Esterhuysen; 5 May 1957) is a Swazi-English actor. He made his film debut as Withnail in the drama \"\"Withnail and I\"\" (1987). In film, Grant is further recognized as John Seward in \"\"Bram Stoker's Dracula\"\" (1992) and Zander Rice in \"\"Logan\"\" (2017). In television, he played Bob Cratchit in TNT's \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\" (1999), Izembaro in the sixth season of the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", the Great Intelligence in the seventh series of \"\"Doctor Who\"\" and Simon Bricker in the critically acclaimed ITV/Masterpiece program \"\"Downton Abbey\"\". He will appear in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7227277", "chunk_text": "\"Joseph Mawle\"\nJoseph Mawle Joseph Daniel Turner Mawle (born 21 March 1974) is an English actor. Mawle is best known for his roles as Benjen Stark in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", Detective Inspector Jedediah Shine in \"\"Ripper Street\"\", Firebrace in \"\"Birdsong\"\", Jesus Christ in \"\"The Passion\"\" and Odysseus in \"\"\"\". Mawle was born in Oxford. He grew up in a Victorian manor house on a farm outside Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire. He is one of three children from a family with a history of nine generations of farming in Warwickshire. His mother was a teacher. His father Richard still farms the land. He attended the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5463205", "chunk_text": "\"Nonso Anozie\"\nNonso Anozie Nonso Anozie (born 1979) is a British-Nigerian actor who has worked on stage, film, and television. He is best known for his role as Tank in \"\"RocknRolla\"\", Sergeant Dap in \"\"Ender's Game\"\", Abraham Kenyatta in \"\"Zoo\"\", Captain of the Guards in \"\"Cinderella\"\" and Xaro Xhoan Daxos in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Anozie was born in London, England, of Igbo Nigerian descent. He graduated from the Central School of Speech and Drama in 2002, and in the summer of the same year he played the title role in William Shakespeare's \"\"King Lear\"\", and won the Ian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17940255", "chunk_text": "\"Roger Ashton-Griffiths\"\nRoger Ashton-Griffiths Roger Ashton-Griffiths (born 19 January 1957) is an English character actor, screenwriter and film director. He is best known for his role as Mace Tyrell in HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Born in Hertfordshire, Ashton-Griffiths studied at Lancaster University (1975-78), where he was a member of Furness College, and graduated with a BMus. He began his career as a singer with English National Opera at the London Coliseum between 1979 and 1981. He has appeared in numerous high-profile films, including Terry Gilliam's \"\"Brazil\"\" (1985) and \"\"The Brothers Grimm\"\" (2005), \"\"Dreamchild\"\" (1985), \"\"Young Sherlock Holmes\"\" (1985), Gene Wilder's \"\"Haunted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "633924", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Bentley\"\nPaul Bentley Paul Richard Bentley (born 25 July 1942) is a British stage, film and television actor, perhaps best known for playing the High Septon in the television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He is also a writer. Bentley was born in Sheffield and brought up in Surrey. He attended Wimbledon College, a Jesuit grammar school, and Kingston Polytechnic. He then attended Birmingham University, achieving a BA in English literature and an MA in Drama and Theatre Arts. His M.A. dissertation, on the stage history of Wagner's \"\"Parsifal\"\", involved a research visit to the Wagner Festival Theatre at Bayreuth, Germany. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16558162", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Bean\"\nI'm a double doctor. But this was wonderful, especially from my home city.\"\" Sean Bean Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959), known professionally as Sean Bean (), is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean made his professional debut in a theatre production of \"\"Romeo and Juliet\"\" in 1983. Retaining his Yorkshire accent, he first found mainstream success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series \"\"Sharpe\"\". Bean subsequently gained further recognition for his performance as Ned Stark in the HBO epic fantasy series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", and won both a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10732595", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Crompton\"\nBen Crompton Ben Crompton (born 1974) is an English actor, best known for his role as \"\"Dolorous\"\" Eddison Tollett in the HBO high-fantasy series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2012–present). Crompton appeared in the 2002 film \"\"All or Nothing\"\", the TV series \"\"Clocking Off\"\", and the TV movie \"\"Housewife, 49.\"\" He played Ewan in \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\". He appeared as Colin in the BBC Three sitcom \"\"Ideal\"\", and as Keith in the BBC Three series \"\"Pramface\"\" from 2012 until 2014. In 2011 he appeared as William Nutt in the television film \"\"The Suspicions of Mr Whicher\"\" for ITV. In 2012, he appeared in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1455278", "chunk_text": "\"Cripples, Bastards, and Broken Things\"\nas the gigantic knight Gregor Clegane, known as \"\"the Mountain.\"\" Stevens had sought to join the production since HBO started developing \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Since the character of Gregor Clegane, the role he believed he was most fitted for, did not appear in the pilot, he auditioned for the role of Khal Drogo instead in the hopes of getting noticed by the casting team. Although that role went to Jason Momoa, Stevens was chosen for the part of Gregor. Other recurring roles making their first appearance in the episode include Dominic Carter as commander of the City Watch Janos Slynt,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8730523", "chunk_text": "\"Gethin Anthony\"\nGrigory, in Boris Godunov at the Royal Shakespeare Company in Stratford-upon-Avon from November 2012 to March 2013. He has appeared in \"\"Ten Days to War\"\" and \"\"Doctors\"\", and played William in \"\"Copenhagen\"\". His most notable roles are Renly Baratheon in the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" and Charles Manson in NBC's \"\"Aquarius\"\". In 2017, he voiced the character of Gil Brodie in the video game \"\"\"\", and he was in a play 'A Lie of the Mind' at Southwark Playhouse,London with Robert Lonsdale and Kate Fahy. Gethin Anthony Gethin David L. Anthony (born 9 October 1983) is an English television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7252036", "chunk_text": "\"John Stahl\"\nof Thrones\"\", appearing in the second and third seasons. His other roles include Inspector Reed in the 1995 television series \"\"Resort to Murder\"\", and as Ewan in the 2011 Royal National Theatre production \"\"Frankenstein\"\". John Stahl John Stahl (born 1953) is a Scottish actor best known for playing Rickard Karstark in HBO's \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" and Tom 'Inverdarroch' Kerr in \"\"High Road\"\". Stahl was born in 1953 in Scotland and grew up in Sauchie, Clackmannanshire. He currently lives on the Isle of Lewis and is a supporter of Scottish independence. Stahl first started acting in 1976. He found fame for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13739714", "chunk_text": "\"Daario Naharis\"\nDaario Naharis Daario Naharis is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 2000's \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\", Daario Naharis is the commander of the Stormcrows from the continent of Essos. He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\" (2011). Daario was portrayed by English actor Ed Skrein and then by Dutch actor Michiel Huisman in the HBO television adaptation. Daario is a confident and seductive warrior who is the commander of the Stormcrows, a company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16191789", "chunk_text": "\"James Cosmo\"\nthe \"\"Minder\"\" episode \"\"Senior Citizen Caine\"\". He appeared as Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Drysdale in the seventh series of \"\"Soldier Soldier\"\". He portrayed Jeor Mormont, Lord Commander of the Night's Watch, in the acclaimed HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He was involved in the filming of the thriller \"\"Breakdown\"\" in which he appeared alongside Craig Fairbrass, Bruce Payne, Emmett Scanlan, Olivia Grant and Tamer Hassan. James Cosmo James Ronald Gordon Copeland, MBE (born 27 October 1947), known professionally as James Cosmo, is a Scottish actor known for his appearances in films including \"\"Highlander\"\", \"\"Braveheart\"\", \"\"Trainspotting\"\", \"\"Troy\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Ben-Hur\"\" and \"\"Wonder Woman\"\", as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13285624", "chunk_text": "\"Finn Jones\"\nthe Leader of the Labour Party, and later voiced his support for Corbyn in a post on Instagram. Finn Jones Finn Jones (born Terence Jones; 24 March 1988) is an English actor known for his roles as Loras Tyrell in the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" and as Danny Rand in the Netflix television shows \"\"Iron Fist\"\", \"\"The Defenders\"\" and \"\"Luke Cage\"\", which are set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Jones trained at the Arts Educational Schools on a three-year acting course. Prior to this he was a Sixth Form student at Hayes School in Bromley. In October 2009, Jones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12641642", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Dormer\"\nRichard Dormer Richard Dormer (born 11 November 1969) is an actor, playwright and screenwriter from Northern Ireland. He is best known (to Americans) for his role as Beric Dondarrion in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" and Dan Anderssen in Sky Atlantic's \"\"Fortitude\"\". Dormer was born in Portadown, Northern Ireland. He studied at the RADA school of acting in London. After living and working in London, he returned to Northern Ireland. He lives in Belfast and is married to director Rachel O'Riordan. Dormer gained recognition following his performance as Northern Irish snooker star Alex Higgins in \"\"Hurricane\"\" in 2003,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "974328", "chunk_text": "\"Michiel Huisman\"\nMichiel Huisman Michiel Huisman (; born 18 July 1981) is a Dutch actor, musician, and singer-songwriter, who has acted in both Dutch and English language TV series and films. Huisman played Ellis Jones in the fantasy romance film \"\"The Age of Adaline\"\" (2015), Sonny on the television series \"\"Treme\"\" (2010–2013), Daario Naharis on \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2014–2016) and Steven Crain on \"\"The Haunting of Hill House\"\" (2018). He has also played recurring roles on television such as Liam McGuinnis on \"\"Nashville\"\" (2012–2014) and as Cal Morrison on \"\"Orphan Black\"\" (2014–2015). Huisman began his career on Dutch television, in the Dutch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1056962", "chunk_text": "\"Gethin Anthony\"\nGethin Anthony Gethin David L. Anthony (born 9 October 1983) is an English television and film actor best known for his role as Renly Baratheon in \"\"Game of Thrones.\"\" Gethin attended Ashton Hayes Primary School, Ashton Hayes, Cheshire and Christ Church Primary School, New Malden, Surrey. He attended the Tiffin School in Kingston-Upon-Thames. He received a Scholarship to the British American Drama Academy in London from July to August 2004. Anthony studied English Literature at Oxford University's Balliol College and was President of the Oxford University Dramatic Society, before training at London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He played", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13032779", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage\"\nCinematic Universe film \"\"\"\" and Hervé Villechaize in the biopic film \"\"My Dinner with Hervé\"\". Since shooting the pilot episode in 2009, Dinklage has portrayed Tyrion Lannister on the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", for which he won three Primetime Emmys from seven consecutive nominations. He also received a Golden Globe for the role in 2012. Peter Hayden Dinklage was born on June 11, 1969, in Morristown, New Jersey, to John Carl Dinklage, an insurance salesman, and Diane Dinklage, an elementary-school music teacher. He was born with achondroplasia, a common form of dwarfism. Dinklage grew up as the only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13032778", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage\"\nPeter Dinklage Peter Hayden Dinklage (; born June 11, 1969) is an American actor and film producer. Dinklage studied acting at Bennington College, starring in a number of amateur stage productions. His film debut was in \"\"Living in Oblivion\"\" (1995) and his breakthrough came with the comedy-drama \"\"The Station Agent\"\" (2003). He has since appeared in \"\"Elf\"\" (2003), \"\"Find Me Guilty\"\" (2006), \"\"Underdog\"\" (2007), \"\"Penelope\"\" (2008), \"\"Death at a Funeral\"\" (2007), \"\"\"\" (2008), \"\"\"\" (2014) and \"\"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\"\" (2017), which earned him his first Screen Actors Guild Award. In 2018, he appeared as Eitri in the Marvel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13184274", "chunk_text": "\"Steel Serpent\"\nnom de guerre of the Steel Phoenix, Davos has been able to perform the Steel Phoenix Blow. The first time he executed this move, it allowed him to create a replacement hand (for the one just cut off by Tiger's Beautiful Daughter) out of pure \"\"chi\"\". Steel Serpent Steel Serpent (Davos) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted as an enemy of Iron Fist. Davos is portrayed by Sacha Dhawan in the Netflix television series \"\"Iron Fist\"\", set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The first, otherwise unnamed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9894931", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Taylor\"\nNoah Taylor Noah George Taylor (born 4 September 1969) is an English-Australian actor. He is best known for his roles as teenage David Helfgott in \"\"Shine\"\", Locke in HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", Mr. Bucket in \"\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\"\" and Danny in the Australian cult film \"\"He Died with a Felafel in His Hand\"\". Taylor also starred as Adolf Hitler in \"\"Max\"\" and \"\"Preacher\"\". Taylor, elder of two sons, was born in London, England, the son of Australian parents, Maggie (née Miller), a journalist and book editor, and Paul Taylor, a copywriter and journalist. His parents returned to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14612923", "chunk_text": "\"Tobias Menzies\"\nTobias Menzies Hanan Tobias Simpson Menzies (born 7 March, 1974) is an English stage, television and film actor. While working in theatre, he starred in television shows such as \"\"Rome\"\" (2005–2007) where he played Brutus and \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2013–2016) where he played Edmure Tully. He is probably best known for his dual role as Frank Randall and Jonathan \"\"Black Jack\"\" Randall in \"\"Outlander\"\" (2014–2018), for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination. His film work includes \"\"Casino Royale\"\" and \"\"\"\". Menzies will portray Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in the third and fourth seasons of the original Netflix", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9382120", "chunk_text": "\"Charles Dance\"\nBritish Empire (OBE) on 17 June 2006. Charles Dance Walter Charles Dance, (born 10 October 1946) is an English actor, screenwriter, and film director. Some of his most high-profile roles are Tywin Lannister in HBO's \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" (2011–2015), Guy Perron in \"\"The Jewel in the Crown\"\" (1984), Sardo Numspa in \"\"The Golden Child\"\" (1986), Jonathan Clemens in \"\"Alien 3\"\" (1992), Benedict in \"\"Last Action Hero\"\" (1993), the Master Vampire in \"\"Dracula Untold\"\" (2014), Lord Havelock Vetinari in \"\"Terry Pratchett's Going Postal\"\" (2010), Alastair Denniston in \"\"The Imitation Game\"\" (2014), and Emperor Emhyr var Emreis in \"\"\"\" (2015). Charles Dance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13032791", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage\"\nNew York summer stage on the Annandale-on-Hudson campus. In 2010, he appeared in the Australian movie \"\"I Love You Too\"\" alongside Brendan Cowell and Peter Helliar. Since 2011, Dinklage has portrayed Tyrion Lannister in HBO's fantasy drama \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", an adaptation of author George R. R. Martin's \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" novels. \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos and chronicles the power struggles among noble families as they fight for control of the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms. Tyrion is a member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6710101", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Lloyd\"\nHarry Lloyd Harry Charles Salusbury Lloyd (born 17 November 1983) is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Will Scarlet in the 2006 BBC drama \"\"Robin Hood\"\", Jeremy Baines in the 2007 \"\"Doctor Who\"\" episodes \"\"Human Nature\"\" and \"\"The Family of Blood\"\", and Viserys Targaryen in the first season of the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". He has also appeared on stage, and in films including \"\"The Theory of Everything\"\" and \"\"Anthropoid\"\". Lloyd was born in London, the son of Marion Evelyn (née Dickens), a children's publisher, and Jonathan Lloyd, who heads a literary agency. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12674378", "chunk_text": "\"Finn Jones\"\nFinn Jones Finn Jones (born Terence Jones; 24 March 1988) is an English actor known for his roles as Loras Tyrell in the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" and as Danny Rand in the Netflix television shows \"\"Iron Fist\"\", \"\"The Defenders\"\" and \"\"Luke Cage\"\", which are set within the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Jones trained at the Arts Educational Schools on a three-year acting course. Prior to this he was a Sixth Form student at Hayes School in Bromley. In October 2009, Jones played Jamie, a young man who found love with Hannah Ashworth in the second series of \"\"Hollyoaks Later\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595836", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Snow\"\nmembers of the council are presented. Series regular Aidan Gillen, known for his roles in \"\"Queer as Folk\"\" and \"\"The Wire\"\" takes the role of Lord Petyr Baelish, the king's master of coin known as \"\"Littlefinger.\"\" Gethin Anthony plays the king's youngest brother Renly Baratheon, and veteran actor Julian Glover, well known to science fiction and fantasy fans after appearing in films such as \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\" and \"\"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\"\", was cast as Grand Maester Pycelle after actor Roy Dotrice had to be replaced for medical reasons. Author George R. R. Martin wrote on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18656730", "chunk_text": "\"Game of Thrones\"\nprimetime scripted television series. Its other awards and nominations include three Hugo Awards for Best Dramatic Presentation (2012–2014), a 2011 Peabody Award, and five nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama (2012 and 2015–2018). Of the ensemble cast, Peter Dinklage has won three Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (2011, 2015 and 2018) and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film (2012) for his performance as Tyrion Lannister. Lena Headey, Emilia Clarke, Kit Harington, Maisie Williams, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Diana Rigg, and Max von", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10858795", "chunk_text": "\"Tyrion Lannister\"\nmore danger and without the Lannister resources. The character is portrayed by American actor Peter Dinklage in the HBO television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". In 2011, Dinklage received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and later the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film for his portrayal of Tyrion in the HBO series. He won the Emmy again in 2015 and 2018. Among other accolades, Dinklage has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2016. In \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\" (1996), Tyrion", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15830848", "chunk_text": "\"Rory McCann\"\nRory McCann Rory McCann (born 24 April 1969) is a Scottish actor, best known for portraying Sandor \"\"The Hound\"\" Clegane on the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" and Michael in Edgar Wright's crime-comedy \"\"Hot Fuzz\"\". McCann was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He has a sister, Sally-Gay McCann, born in 1972. Before becoming an actor, McCann was a painter who studied at the Scottish School of Forestry near Inverness. He also worked as a bridge painter (on the Forth Road Bridge), landscape gardener and carpenter. Rory McCann was first trained as an actor by writer-artist Robert Parsifal Finch in The Actor's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1926834", "chunk_text": "\"Oliver Ford Davies\"\nOliver Ford Davies Oliver Robert Ford Davies (born 12 August 1939) is an English actor and writer, best known for his role as Sio Bibble in \"\"Star Wars\"\" to . He is also known for his role as Cressen in HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Davies was born in Ealing, Middlesex, England. He attended the King's School, Canterbury. From there, he won a scholarship to Merton College, Oxford, where he read History and became President of the Oxford University Dramatic Society. After obtaining his D Phil, he worked as a history lecturer at the University of Edinburgh before taking up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3712627", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Armitage (actor)\"\nRichard Armitage (actor) Richard Crispin Armitage (born 22 August 1971) is an English film, television, theatre and voice actor. He received recognition in the UK with his first leading role as John Thornton in the British television programme \"\"North & South\"\" (2004). His role as dwarf prince and leader Thorin Oakenshield in Peter Jackson's film trilogy adaptation of \"\"The Hobbit\"\" brought him international recognition. Other notable roles include John Proctor in Yaël Farber's stage production of Arthur Miller's \"\"The Crucible\"\", Francis Dolarhyde in the American TV series \"\"Hannibal\"\", Lucas North in the British TV drama \"\"Spooks\"\", John Porter in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10658105", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Taylor\"\nAccess Axis, and The Thirteens, a country-western rock band described by Taylor as, \"\"three manic depressives playing sad angst and western music for sad people\"\". He names Johnny Cash and Lou Reed as two of the artists he admires. On 14 November 2012, he married Dionne Harris, an Australian fashion designer. Taylor lives in Brighton, East Sussex. Noah Taylor Noah George Taylor (born 4 September 1969) is an English-Australian actor. He is best known for his roles as teenage David Helfgott in \"\"Shine\"\", Locke in HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", Mr. Bucket in \"\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\"\" and Danny", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14682270", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Gleeson\"\nJack Gleeson Jack Gleeson (born 20 May 1992) is an Irish former actor, best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Despite his early breakthrough on \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", which won critical acclaim, Gleeson has not acted in TV or film since 2014. He currently runs his own touring theatre company, whose debut puppet show—\"\"Bears in Space\"\"—premiered in Edinburgh Festival Fringe, in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2014. Gleeson was born in Cork, Ireland. Gleeson attended Gonzaga College for his secondary education. He attended drama classes when young, with his sisters Rachel and Emma", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16194189", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Dinklage\"\nHe has been nominated for seven Primetime Emmy Awards and 14 Screen Actor Guild Awards, winning three Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award. General Interviews Talks Peter Dinklage Peter Hayden Dinklage (; born June 11, 1969) is an American actor and film producer. Dinklage studied acting at Bennington College, starring in a number of amateur stage productions. His film debut was in \"\"Living in Oblivion\"\" (1995) and his breakthrough came with the comedy-drama \"\"The Station Agent\"\" (2003). He has since appeared in \"\"Elf\"\" (2003), \"\"Find Me Guilty\"\" (2006), \"\"Underdog\"\" (2007), \"\"Penelope\"\" (2008), \"\"Death at a Funeral\"\" (2007), \"\"\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3639289", "chunk_text": "\"Davos Seaworth\"\nto Ramsay Bolton's sack of Winterfell and followed Rickon Stark after the sack. Manderly tells Davos that if he retrieves Rickon from the cannibal island of Skagos, the northmen will support Stannis's campaign. In the HBO series, Davos has the fingers taken from his right hand (as actor Liam Cunningham is left-handed). He references having multiple sons, but only one is seen or included in the story (Matthos). When Renly refuses to surrender to Stannis, Davos is ordered to sail with Melisandre beneath Storm's End. When they reach shore, Davos is horrified when Melisandre gives birth to a shadowy demon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3220	who hit the first home run in the houston astrodome?	n/a	[ "Mickey Mantle" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2327646", "chunk_text": "Astrodome\nOn Opening Day, April 9, 1965, a sold-out crowd of 47,879 watched an exhibition game between the Houston Astros and the New York Yankees. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his wife Lady Bird were in attendance, as well as Texas Governor John Connally and Houston Mayor Louie Welch. Governor Connally tossed out the first ball for the first game ever played indoors. Dick \"\"Turk\"\" Farrell of the Astros threw the first pitch. Mickey Mantle had both the first hit (a single) and the first home run in the Astrodome. The Astros beat the Yankees that night, 2-1. President Johnson stopped", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9756279", "chunk_text": "\"Home run\"\nin a game against the San Antonio Missions on July 27, 1998. A major league player has come close to hitting for the home run cycle several times. Recent examples include: In the early days of the game, when the ball was less lively and the ballparks generally had very large outfields, most home runs were of the inside-the-park variety. The first home run ever hit in the National League was by Ross Barnes of the Chicago White Stockings (now known as the Chicago Cubs), in 1876. The home \"\"run\"\" was literally descriptive. Home runs over the fence were rare,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17494946", "chunk_text": "Astrodome\nAstrodome The NRG Astrodome, also known as the Houston Astrodome or simply the Astrodome, is the world's first multi-purpose, domed sports stadium, located in Houston, Texas. Construction on the stadium began in 1962, and it officially opened in 1965. It served as home to the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB) from its opening in 1965 until 1999, and the home to the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1968 until 1996, and also the part-time home of the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1971 until 1975. Additionally, the Astrodome was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17197754", "chunk_text": "Astrodome\nleast two occasions they were as far as . Over time, it gave up fewer home runs than any other park in the National League. The Astrodome's reputation as a pitcher's park continued even in the mid-1980s, when the fences were moved in closer than the Metrodome, which was long reckoned as a hitter's park. Astrodome The NRG Astrodome, also known as the Houston Astrodome or simply the Astrodome, is the world's first multi-purpose, domed sports stadium, located in Houston, Texas. Construction on the stadium began in 1962, and it officially opened in 1965. It served as home to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18890452", "chunk_text": "Astrodome\ncalled the stadium \"\"massive\"\" and \"\"beautiful.\"\" Although the president's visit overshadowed all others, dignitaries swarmed through the \"\"Eighth Wonder of the World\"\" during the three days of the exhibition series and for opening night against the Phillies on April 12. Chris Short of the Phillies shut out the Astros on four hits, with 12 strikeouts. The first artist to play the Astrodome was Judy Garland on December 17, 1965, where she was paid $43,000 for the one show. The Supremes were her opening act and tickets were priced $1.00 to $7.50. The dome seated 48,000, with another 12,000 seats added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5888218", "chunk_text": "\"Ron Brand\"\nnew domed stadium team owner Judge Roy Hofheinz dubbed the Astrodome (named in honor of Houston's importance to the country's space program). To match with the meaning of the name, the Colt .45s were renamed the Astros. John Bateman was the opening day starting catcher in 1965, however, he soon lost his starting job to Brand. On August 18, Brand hit his second home run of the season, and the third of his career. He never hit another major league home run. In , Bateman won back the starting catcher job, and Brand became the back-up. They split catching duties", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10165013", "chunk_text": "\"Dick Gray\"\nDick Gray Richard Benjamin Gray (July 11, 1931 – July 8, 2013) was an infielder in Major League Baseball, playing mainly as a third baseman for the Los Angeles Dodgers and St. Louis Cardinals from 1958 through 1960. Listed at 5' 11\"\", 165 lb., he batted and threw right handed. Gray is best known as the player who hit the first home run in Los Angeles Dodgers history and the first to homer in their opening game at LA Memorial Coliseum. Born in Jefferson, Pennsylvania, Gray started playing sandlot ball at an early age with his neighborhood friends. He attended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4713871", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Wynn\"\nspeculated that Wynn may have lost a substantial number of home runs to the lengthy fences in the Astrodome, while Aaron played in the more homer-friendly Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium. Aaron himself commented that he considered Wynn the season's home run champion. Perhaps Wynn's most famous home run came on June 10 of that 1967 season at Crosley Field. The shot, which came in the eighth inning of the Astros' 8–3 loss to the Cincinnati Reds, cleared the 58-foot scoreboard in left-center field and bounced onto Interstate 75 outside the stadium. Five days later, Wynn became the first Houston batter to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17197727", "chunk_text": "Astrodome\nSuperdome in New Orleans, as well as the now-demolished Pontiac Silverdome near Detroit, Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Kingdome in Seattle, and RCA Dome in Indianapolis. To test what effect the enclosed air-conditioned environment might have on the delivery of breaking balls, Satchel Paige, in full Astros uniform, threw the first pitches at the Astrodome on February 7, 1965. He later concluded that it was a \"\"pitcher's paradise\"\", as the lack of wind allowed for sensitive pitches to maneuver more easily. Hofheinz had an opulent apartment in the Dome, which was removed when the facility was remodeled in 1988.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8057713", "chunk_text": "\"Mickey Mantle\"\ninaugurate the Astrodome, the world's first multi-purpose, domed sports stadium, the Houston Astros and the New York Yankees played an exhibition game on April 9, 1965. Mantle hit the park's first home run. In 1966, his batting average increased to .288 with 23 home runs and 56 RBI. After the 1966 season, he was moved to first base with Joe Pepitone taking over his place in the outfield. On May 14, 1967, Mantle became the sixth member of the 500 home run club. Mantle hit .237 with 18 home runs and 54 RBI during his final season in 1968. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17494949", "chunk_text": "Astrodome\nThe Astrodome was declared non-compliant with fire code by the Houston Fire Department in 2008 and parts of it were demolished in 2013 after several years of disuse. In 2014 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Major League Baseball expanded to Houston in 1960 when the National League agreed to add two teams. The Houston Colt .45s (renamed the Astros in 1965) were to begin play in 1962, along with their expansion brethren New York Mets. Roy Hofheinz, a former mayor of Houston, and his group were granted the franchise after they promised to build a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9572827", "chunk_text": "\"John Bateman (baseball)\"\nCampbell's back-up behind the plate. Campbell, however, sputtered, and soon lost his starting job to Bateman. On May 17, , Bateman caught the first ever no-hitter in Houston franchise history. Don Nottebart held the Philadelphia Phillies hitless in a 4–1 Astro win. For the season, Bateman batted .210 while leading his team with ten home runs and 59 runs batted in. Bateman split time behind the plate with Jerry Grote in . In , the Colt .45s moved into their new domed stadium team owner Judge Roy Hofheinz dubbed the Astrodome (named in honor of Houston's importance to the country's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12813691", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Houston Astros season\"\nCole Hamels of the Texas Rangers. It was Verlander's tenth career Opening Day start and first with Houston, as all nine previous had come as a member of the Detroit Tigers. George Springer led the game off with a home run, becoming the first MLB player to lead off with a home run in consecutive Opening Days. He had homered off Felix Hernandez of the Seattle Mariners in the first inning of Opening Day 2017 at Minute Maid Park. Verlander pitched six shutout innings and struck out five. The Astors won by a final score of 4–1. Second baseman José", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1720228", "chunk_text": "\"George Springer\"\nWorld Series records he set were eight extra base hits (five homers and three doubles) and 29 total bases. As a side note, he had appeared on a 2014 cover of \"\"Sports Illustrated\"\" that predicted the Astros' 2017 World Series win. After the season, Springer was named an American League Silver Slugger Award winner at outfield for the first time in his career. On the Astros' Opening Day at Globe Life Park in Arlington, Springer led off with a home run against Texas Rangers pitcher Cole Hamels, becoming the first MLB player to lead off with a home run in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16241366", "chunk_text": "\"Walter Mueller\"\nWalter Mueller Walter John Mueller (December 6, 1894 – August 16, 1971) was a professional baseball player who played outfield in the Major Leagues, for the Pittsburgh Pirates, from 1922 to 1926. He is best known for becoming the first player to hit a home run off the first pitch ever thrown to him in the major leagues. Walter was also the father to Don Mueller, who also played in the major leagues, during in the 1940s and 1950s, as well as the brother of fellow major leaguer, Heinie Mueller. He began the 1922 season with the Pirates, but he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8907703", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Aspromonte\"\nwith their second selection, the third player taken overall. On April 10, 1962, Aspromonte, playing third base and inserted into the leadoff position, became the first batter in Houston's MLB history. He singled to left field off Don Cardwell of the Chicago Cubs for the club's first hit, then scored its first-ever MLB run when the next batter, Al Spangler, tripled. Aspromonte would score two more runs that day, as the Colt .45s beat the Cubs, 11–2. Aspromonte was the starting third baseman for the Houston franchise (renamed the \"\"Astros\"\" in 1965) for its first six seasons, and led National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15633959", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Houston Astros\"\nin left field during an exhibition game on April 3. Nine days later Jimmy Wynn knocked one into the purple seats (just below the gold) proving that the unreachable area of the dome was reachable. The seats were repainted marking this feat. No other Astro ever hit a home run into that part of the Astrodome. In June, 19-year-old César Cedeño was called up and immediately showed signs of being a superstar. The Dominican outfielder was often compared to Willie Mays and Roberto Clemente. Cedeño batted .310 after being called up from the minors. Not to be outdone Denis Menke", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16241370", "chunk_text": "\"Walter Mueller\"\nfeat on July 26, 2012. Walter Mueller Walter John Mueller (December 6, 1894 – August 16, 1971) was a professional baseball player who played outfield in the Major Leagues, for the Pittsburgh Pirates, from 1922 to 1926. He is best known for becoming the first player to hit a home run off the first pitch ever thrown to him in the major leagues. Walter was also the father to Don Mueller, who also played in the major leagues, during in the 1940s and 1950s, as well as the brother of fellow major leaguer, Heinie Mueller. He began the 1922 season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1578567", "chunk_text": "\"José Altuve\"\nan inside-the-park home run, his first major league home-run. He became the first Astros player since Adam Everett in 2003 to hit an inside-the-park home run, the first Astros player to get his first major league home run on an inside-the-park home run since pitcher Butch Henry in 1992, and the first Astros player to lead off a game with an inside-the-park home run since Bill Doran in 1987. He batted .346 over his first 21 games before slumping a bit and ended the year with a .276 average. He also hit two home runs, stole seven bases, and posted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10373149", "chunk_text": "\"Brant Alyea\"\nBrant Alyea Garrabrant Ryerson Alyea (born December 8, 1940) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Washington Senators, Minnesota Twins, Oakland Athletics, and St. Louis Cardinals. In 1965, he became the ninth player to hit a home run on his first MLB pitch. Born in Passaic, New Jersey, Alyea grew up in Rutherford, New Jersey and graduated from Rutherford High School, where he played basketball and quarterbacked the football team, in addition to baseball. Originally signed by the Cincinnati Reds, Alyea was drafted a year later by the Washington Senators. Alyea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16156096", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Anthony\"\nfirst baseman Glenn Davis hitting more than 13 home runs for the team that season, the Astros took a gamble and called Anthony up to the majors from Double-A in late July 1989. Anthony's first major league hit came in his second game as an Astro. The home run, a 414-foot shot off the San Francisco Giants' Rick Reuschel, easily cleared the Astrodome fences. Later that game, he just missed another home run on an opposite-field shot that caromed off the top of the wall for a double. The following season, Anthony electrified fans in the Astrodome in a game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256454", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nmajor league franchise. Loel Passe worked alongside Gene Elston as a color commentator until he retired from broadcasting in 1976. Elston continued with the Astros until 1986. The Colt .45s began their existence playing at Colt Stadium, a temporary venue built just north of the construction site of the indoor stadium. The Colt .45s started their inaugural season on April 10, 1962, against the Chicago Cubs with Harry Craft as the Colt .45s' manager. Bob Aspromonte scored the first run for the Colt .45s on an Al Spangler triple in the first inning. They started the season with a three-game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3256460", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nfirst baseman Eddie Mathews join the Astros. The slugger hit his 500th home run while in Houston. He would be traded late in the season and Doug Rader would be promoted to the big leagues. Rookie Don Wilson pitched a no-hitter on June 18. Wynn also provided some enthusiasm in 1967. The 5 ft 9 in Wynn was becoming known not only for how often he hit home runs, but also for how far he hit them. Wynn set club records with 37 home runs, and 107 RBIs. It was also in 1967 that Wynn hit his famous home run", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14414364", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Kouzmanoff\"\n2006, Kouzmanoff became the 23rd major leaguer to hit a home run on his first Major League pitch, the 12th American Leaguer to do so, and the second of 2006 (along with Adam Wainwright of the St. Louis Cardinals). Kouzmanoff hit a grand slam off of then-Texas Ranger Edinson Vólquez on the first pitch he ever saw in the major leagues, the first player in MLB history ever to do so on the first pitch. (The first-pitch slam feat was equalled by Boston Red Sox outfielder Daniel Nava on June 12, 2010, at Fenway Park against Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Joe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1231420", "chunk_text": "\"Roric Harrison\"\nRoric Harrison Roric Edward Harrison (born September 20, 1946) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He was the last American League pitcher to hit a home run in an American League game (October 3, ) before the introduction of the designated hitter. Harrison signed with the Houston Astros out of Westchester High School in Westchester, California in . Harrison amassed a 13–28 record in Houston's farm system and pitched just two innings for the Oklahoma City 89ers in when he was dealt to the Seattle Pilots with Dooley Womack for Jim Bouton. He pitched for the franchise's (now known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8206346", "chunk_text": "\"Starling Marte\"\nthe Pittsburgh Pirates, becoming the first graduate of the Pirates' Latin American complex, located in the Dominican Republic, to reach the major leagues. He hit a home run on the first pitch he faced in his major league career, off Houston Astros pitcher Dallas Keuchel. The hit made Marte the third player in Pirates' franchise history to homer in his first at-bat and the first to do it since Don Leppert in 1961. He also became the first Pirate to homer on the first pitch of his major league career since Walter Mueller did so in 1922. Marte and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1723972", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nthe Astros with 28 home runs and Cesar Cedeño batted .320 with 25 home runs. Bob Watson hit the .312 mark and drove in 94 runs. Doug Rader and Jimmy Wynn both had 20 or more home runs. However, injuries to their pitching staff limited the Astros to an 82–80 fourth-place finish. The Astros again finished in fourth place the next year under new manager Preston Gómez. With the $38 million deficit of the Astrodome, control of the Astrodomain was passed from Judge Roy Hofheinz to GE Credit and Ford Motor Credit. This included the Astros. The creditors were just", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18770115", "chunk_text": "\"Tropicana Field\"\nhome run was Edgar Martínez of the Seattle Mariners on May 29, 1998. Martinez's home run went off the D ring. Three players before him hit balls that went into the C ring. However, at the time, balls hitting the C ring were not ruled home runs. Two days prior to Martinez's home run, the ground rules were changed so that if a ball hit the C ring, it would be called a home run. The first player to hit the rings for a home run in postseason play was Rays third baseman Evan Longoria, who hit the C ring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18117768", "chunk_text": "\"1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game\"\n1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 39th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 9, 1968, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas the home of the Houston Astros of the National League, making this the first All-Star Game to be played indoors. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 1–0. It is the only All-Star Game ever played without a run batted in (RBI).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12655842", "chunk_text": "\"PNC Park\"\nJones became only the second player to accomplish the feat, and was the first Pirate to do so. On May 19, 2015, Pirates first baseman Pedro Alvarez became the third person to do this, although the ball actually landed in a boat on the river rather than in the water. The longest home run in PNC Park history was 484 feet hit to left-center field by Sammy Sosa on April 12, 2002. During its opening season, PNC Park's seating capacity of 38,496 was the second-smallest of any major league stadium (the smallest being Fenway Park). Seats are angled toward the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3905911", "chunk_text": "\"1965 Houston Astros season\"\nhave individual, theatre-type seats for every seat in the venue. Additionally, it was one of the first stadiums to have luxury seats and club seating, at the time a relatively new concept in sports venues. It also had an \"\"exploding scoreboard\"\", which would show various animations after a home run or a win, as well as messages and advertising. Rookie Joe Morgan set club marks for at-bats, runs, hits and triples. All-Star Game 1965 Houston Astros season The 1965 Houston Astros season was the franchise's first season in the Houston Astrodome, as well as its first season as the Astros", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12427904", "chunk_text": "\"First Tennessee Park\"\nrecorded the stadium's first RBI, slapping a single to center field in the fourth inning that sent Luis Sardiñas across the plate for the park's first run. The first home run in the park's history was hit by Nashville's Joey Wendle four games later on April 21 against the Oklahoma City Dodgers. Tickets for the home opener, which went on sale March 23, sold out in approximately 15 minutes. Though berm and standing-room-only tickets are normally sold only on the day of games, the team began selling these in advance of the first game due to high demand. Paid attendance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8539414", "chunk_text": "\"Globe Life Park in Arlington\"\nJosh Hamilton. The longest home run recorded was 491 feet to right field by Rangers RF Nomar Mazara on May 25, 2016. Dimensions Despite being hailed as a wonderful venue in its infant years, articles in \"\"The Dallas Morning News\"\" began to suggest that the ballpark would have been better served by having a dome or retractable roof –much like Minute Maid Park, the home of the Houston Astros–, due to the often oppressive heat that settles over Texas in summer during baseball season, with temperatures on the field being in excess of 110°. Many argue that the intense heat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17770476", "chunk_text": "\"Doug Ault\"\nDoug Ault Douglas Reagan Ault (March 9, 1950 – December 22, 2004) was an American professional baseball first baseman and designated hitter who played for the Texas Rangers (1976) and Toronto Blue Jays (1977–1978, 1980). He is best known for playing in the Blue Jays first Major League Baseball (MLB) game on April 7, 1977, against the Chicago White Sox. Ault hit the first two home runs in franchise history, helping Toronto win 9–5. A native of Beaumont, Texas, Ault was a varsity baseball star at Texas Tech. He was drafted three different times in the MLB Draft, but refused", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14414361", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Kouzmanoff\"\nKevin Kouzmanoff Kevin Kouzmanoff (born July 25, 1981) is an American former professional baseball third baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Indians, San Diego Padres, Oakland Athletics, Colorado Rockies and Texas Rangers. Kouzmanoff is the third of only four players in history to hit a grand slam in his first major league at-bat, after Bill Duggleby in 1898 and Jeremy Hermida in 2005, and followed by Daniel Nava in 2010. Both Kouzmanoff and Nava accomplished this feat on the first pitch they saw. Kouzmanoff is of Macedonian descent. Kouzmanoff grew up in Newport Beach, California", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10896436", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Tucker (baseball)\"\nhit the first homerun in Turner Field.http://atlanta.braves.mlb.com/atl/ballpark/information/index.jsp?content=history Tucker hit the first-ever home run in a regular season game at Turner Field. His shot came off Kevin Foster in the third inning of the Braves' 5-4 victory over the Chicago Cubs on April 4, 1997. In August 2005, San Francisco traded Tucker to the Philadelphia Phillies for minor leaguer Kelvin Pichardo. Tucker, whose playing time had been limited that season after starting for most of 2004, joined a Phillies team in the heart of the playoff chase. On January 9, 2006, Tucker agreed to a one-year contract with the Washington Nationals.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18890442", "chunk_text": "Astrodome\nrained out once too often at Buffalo Stadium, home of Houston's minor league baseball team, the Houston Buffs. Hofheinz abandoned his interest in the world's first air-conditioned shopping mall, The Galleria, and set his sights on bringing major league baseball to Houston. The Astrodome was designed by architects Hermon Lloyd & W. B. Morgan, and Wilson, Morris, Crain and Anderson (Morris Architects). Structural engineering and structural design was performed by Walter P Moore Engineers and Consultants of Houston. It was constructed by H. A. Lott, Inc. for Harris County. It stands 18 stories tall, covering . The dome is in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15780129", "chunk_text": "\"Houston Astros\"\nkilowatts. As a result, KTRH is audible across much of Central, East, and South Texas, whereas KBME can only be heard in Houston, especially after dark. Milo Hamilton, a veteran voice who was on the call for Hank Aaron's 715th career home run in 1974, retired at the end of the 2012 season, after broadcasting play-by-play for the Astros since 1985. Dave Raymond and Brett Dolan shared play-by play duty for road games, while Raymond additionally worked as Hamilton's color analyst (while Hamilton called home games only for the past few seasons before his retirement); they were not retained and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5888217", "chunk_text": "\"Ron Brand\"\nRon Brand Ronald George Brand (born January 13, 1940) is a former Major League Baseball catcher, and an original member of the Montreal Expos. Brand originally signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates as an amateur free agent, and spent five seasons in their farm system before debuting with the big league club in . He hit his first major league home run on June 20, off Denny Lemaster of the Milwaukee Braves. After spending all of in the minors, Brand was selected by the Houston Colt .45s in the 1964 rule 5 draft. In , the Colt .45s moved into their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19963885", "chunk_text": "\"George Strief\"\nGeorge Strief George Andrew Strief (October 16, 1856 – April 1, 1946) was an American professional baseball second baseman and outfielder. Strief played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1879 to 1885 for the Cleveland Blues, Pittsburgh Alleghenys, St. Louis Browns, Kansas City Cowboys, Chicago Browns/Pittsburgh Stogies, and Philadelphia Athletics. On May 3, 1882, Strief hit the first-ever home run in Pittsburgh Pirates history. Strief's home run came five years before the Pirates (then called the Pittsburgh Alleghenys) entered the National League. Until 1887, the club was a member of the American Association, and Strief's home run was against the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10417169", "chunk_text": "\"Dave Engle\"\nbase, third base, outfield and designated hitter. In the minor leagues, Engle won the International League batting title in 1980, beating out Wade Boggs .307 to .306. Four years later, he was selected to the American League All-Star team in 1984. During his sophomore season, Engle became the first player to hit a home run in Minneapolis's newly opened Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome. This occurred on opening day, April 6, 1982 and also marked the first hit, run scored, and R.B.I. in the stadium's history. Engle has family ties in baseball: he is the brother in-law of his former Twins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1740487", "chunk_text": "\"Home run\"\nhome runs in a season 3 times), Ken Griffey, Jr. and Eddie Mathews. In 1987, Joey Meyer of the Denver Zephyrs hit the longest verifiable home run in professional baseball history. The home run was measured at a distance of and was hit inside Denver's Mile High Stadium. Major League Baseball's longest verifiable home run distance is about , by Babe Ruth, to straightaway center field at Tiger Stadium (then called Navin Field and before the double-deck), which landed nearly across the intersection of Trumbull and Cherry. The location of where Hank Aaron's record 755th home run landed has been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9756288", "chunk_text": "\"Home run\"\nthe 2006 World Baseball Classic Japanese team. Oh holds the all-time home run world record, having hit 868 home runs in his career. In Major League Baseball, the career record is 762, held by Barry Bonds, who broke Hank Aaron's record on August 7, 2007, when he hit his 756th home run at AT&T Park off pitcher Mike Bacsik. Only eight other major league players have hit as many as 600: Hank Aaron (755), Babe Ruth (714), Alex Rodriguez (696), Willie Mays (660), Albert Pujols (633), Ken Griffey, Jr. (630), Jim Thome (612), and Sammy Sosa (609). The single season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13977358", "chunk_text": "\"Home Run Baker\"\nHome Run Baker John Franklin \"\"Home Run\"\" Baker (March 13, 1886 – June 28, 1963) was an American professional baseball player. A third baseman, Baker played in Major League Baseball from 1908 to 1922, for the Philadelphia Athletics and the New York Yankees. Baker has been called the \"\"original home run king of the majors\"\". Baker was a member of the Athletics' $100,000 infield. He helped the Athletics win the 1910, 1911 and 1913 World Series. After a contract dispute, the Athletics sold Baker to the Yankees, where he and Wally Pipp helped the Yankees' offense. Baker appeared with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4113846", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Watson\"\npresident in charge of discipline and vice president of rules and on-field operations until 2010. Nicknamed \"\"Bull,\"\" Watson was originally a catcher in the minor leagues, however, he converted to first base and the outfield by the time he made his major league debut with the Astros on September 9, 1966. Watson was a dependable hitter whose home run numbers were somewhat hurt by the fact that he played the majority of his career in the Astrodome. From 1966 through 1970, Watson appeared in less than 100 games each season for the Astros, batting .259 with 14 home runs and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13346342", "chunk_text": "\"Román Mejías\"\nin the 11th round by Houston in the 1961 National League expansion draft, and was the starting right fielder in the Colt .45s' first Major League game on April 10, 1962. Batting third in Houston's lineup, Mejías had three hits in five at bats, with three runs scored and six runs batted in. He hit the first home run in Houston's Major League history, a three-run bomb off Don Cardwell in the third inning, and then followed with another three-run shot in the eighth off relief pitcher Al Lary, as the Colt .45s routed the visiting Chicago Cubs, 11–2. Mejías", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15082985", "chunk_text": "\"Yuli Gurriel\"\nrespectful gesture. The Astros won the game 5–1, giving them their first world championship in franchise history. His brother, Lourdes Gurriel Jr. also played in Cuba before defecting, and later signed with the Toronto Blue Jays. His mother and his family, live in Miami, Florida. His son, Jayden, was born on June 30, 2018. Yuli and his brother Lourdes Gurriel Jr. made Major League Baseball history on September 21 when they both hit two home runs on the same day. Yuli Gurriel Yulieski Gourriel Castillo (born June 9, 1984), commonly known as Yuli Gurriel, is a Cuban professional baseball first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3882922", "chunk_text": "\"2001 Houston Astros season\"\nthe only players in MLB history with six consecutive seasons of 30 homers, 100 RBI and 100 runs scored. On September 30 at Chicago, Bagwell walked for his 100th of the season, thus making him the only player in MLB history register six consecutive seasons of at least 30 HR, 100 RBI, 100 runs scored, and 100 walks. On October 4, Barry Bonds hit his 70th home run of the season off Houston pitcher Wilfredo Rodríguez to tie Mark McGwire's single season home run record. \"\"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11830598", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Houston Astros\"\na young team full of talent that was not yet refined and the inconsistencies of their youth was viewed on the field. 1967 saw third baseman Eddie Mathews join the Astros. Mathews, however, would play first base. The slugger hit his 500th home run while in Houston. He would be traded late in the season and Doug Rader would be promoted to the big leagues. Rookie Don Wilson pitched a no hitter on June 18, Fathers Day, against the Braves. It was the first no hit, shut out, pitched in team history and in the Astrodome. Jimmy Wynn also provided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16037462", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Watson\"\ncredited with detecting and treating many MLB personnel, including Joe Torre. , or Retrosheet Bob Watson Robert José Watson (born April 10, 1946) is an American former professional baseball player and sports executive. Watson was a first baseman and left fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros, Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves from 1966 to 1984. Watson was credited with scoring the millionth run in baseball history, although this was later found to be incorrect. Watson coached baseball after retiring as a player. After a return to the Yankees serving as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3221	when does the next star trek episode come out?	n/a	[ "2018", "February 4, 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236840", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nchoice of directors, to set design, to the special effects.\"\" Ted Sullivan also joined the series to serve as supervising writing producer. At CBS's 2017 upfront presentation, CBS Interactive president Marc DeBevoise confirmed a \"\"fall\"\" release date for the series, and announced that the episode order for the first season had been expanded to 15 episodes. In June, CBS announced a new premiere date of September 24, 2017, with the season airing through November 2017, and then beginning again in January 2018. This break gave more time to complete post-production on the second half of the season. Also that month,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760178", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nfirst season, while Berg and Harberts were fired by CBS during production on the second; Kurtzman took over as sole showrunner. \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS and CBS All Access on September 24. The rest of the 15-episode first season was streamed weekly on All Access. The series' release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin-Green's performance. A 14-episode second season was ordered in October 2017, and is set to premiere on January 17, 2019. Set roughly ten years before the events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760227", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nRusso was announced as composer for the series. Russo recorded the series' score with a 60-piece orchestra. The show's main theme incorporates elements from the original \"\"Star Trek\"\" theme. Russo noted that not all fans were going to appreciate the new theme, but felt that regardless of how some felt it compared to previous \"\"Star Trek\"\" themes it still accurately represented this series. Soundtrack albums for two chapters of were released on December 15, 2017, and April 6, 2018, respectively. The first full trailer for the series was released in May 2017. \"\"Forbes\"\"s Merrill Barr noted that the trailer was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19864917", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nlaunch and draw subscribers to its streaming service CBS All Access. The premiered in September 24, 2017 and has been renewed for a second season set to premiere January 2019. A second CBS All-Access series is under development featuring Patrick Stewart reprising his role as Jean-Luc Picard. Seven television series make up the bulk of the \"\"Star Trek\"\" mythos: \"\"The Original Series\"\", \"\"The Animated Series\"\", \"\"The Next Generation\"\", \"\"Deep Space Nine\"\", \"\"Voyager\"\", \"\"Enterprise\"\", and \"\"Discovery\"\". All the different versions in total amount to 741 \"\"Star Trek\"\" episodes across the 31 seasons of the TV series. \"\"Star Trek: The Original Series\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19864938", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nseries to feature a First Officer as the lead character. The show features the Klingon T'Kuvma attempting to unite the 24 great Klingon houses, leading to a war between his race and the United Federation of Planets that involves the crew of the \"\"Discovery\"\". \"\"Picard\"\" was announced on August 4, 2018 which will see Patrick Stewart reprise his role as Jean-Luc Picard from \"\"\"\". The series, which is being developed for CBS All Access, will be set twenty years after the events of \"\"\"\". On October 25, 2018, CBS announced a two-season order for a new half-hour adult comedy animated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153467", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nthrough November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14909923", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek Beyond\"\nrelease of the film to 2016, for the 50th anniversary celebration of the debut of Gene Roddenberry's original sci-fi series. In December, it was announced that the film was to be released on July 8, 2016. In September 2015, the film's release date was pushed back to July 22, 2016. The film was released in Dolby Cinema format in selected theaters. The film had its Australian premiere in Sydney on July 7. A teaser trailer for the film was released on December 14, 2015, and was criticized by some fans for focusing too much on action, and for featuring the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236903", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nthey hunt for \"\"the man whom history will one day brand 'Kodos the Executioner'\"\". It was released on February 6, 2018. A third novel, \"\"Fear Itself\"\", was released on June 5, 2018. Written by veteran \"\"Star Trek\"\" author James Swallow, it focuses on Lieutenant Saru's attempts to overcome his fears as a Kelpien and become a successful Starfleet officer. In July 2017, IDW announced the first tie-in comic series, also titled \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\", to be written by Johnson and Beyer with art by Tony Shasteen, who previously worked with Johnson on the comic \"\"Star Trek: Boldly Go\"\". IDW described", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236906", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nthese comics that are integral to fleshing out the backstories of the characters is unheard of, and I do a lot of licensed comics.\"\" The next four-issue miniseries was announced in February 2018. Given the subtitle \"\"Succession\"\", the miniseries will begin release on April 25, 2018, and will be set in the Mirror Universe, expanding on the Mirror story arc from the second half of the first season. Additionally, a \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" annual comic is set for publication March 2018, and will focus on Stamets' mycelial research. By August 2017, \"\"hours\"\" of \"\"Discovery\"\"-based content was set to be added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2028618", "chunk_text": "\"Lost in Space (2018 TV series)\"\nin September 2018, in Iceland, and is set to conclude in January 2019. The series was released on April 13, 2018, on Netflix. On March 31, 2018, the series pilot was screened at Awesome Con in Washington, D.C.. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 68% approval rating with an average rating of 6.21/10, based on 65 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads: \"\"\"\"Lost in Space\"\"s production values are ambitious enough to attract sci-fi adventure fans, while the story's large heart adds an emotional anchor to all the deep space derring-do.\"\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9839280", "chunk_text": "\"After Trek\"\nAfter Trek After Trek is a live American aftershow in which host Matt Mira discusses episodes of the CBS All Access television series \"\"\"\" with guests, including celebrity fans, cast members, and crew from the series. It is produced by Embassy Row in association with Roddenberry Entertainment. Inspired by previous aftershows created by Embassy Row, such as \"\"Talking Dead\"\" and \"\"Talking Bad\"\", episodes of \"\"After Trek\"\" are released on All Access after each episode of \"\"Discovery\"\" is released. This started with that show's premiere on September 24, 2017, and ran through to its season finale on February 4, 2018. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760230", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nto quality and dedication to fans\"\". The deal will also see the company \"\"create merchandise from the entire \"\"Star Trek\"\" universe, ranging from the classic \"\"Star Trek: The Original Series\"\" to its popular movie franchise.\"\" The first merchandise produced under the deal are set for release in mid-2018. The first episode of \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" aired in a \"\"preview broadcast\"\" on CBS in the United States on September 24, as well as being made available with the second episode on CBS All Access. Subsequent first-run episodes, making up the first chapter of the season, were streamed weekly on All Access", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19414389", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Bridge Crew\"\nso that it can be played without a virtual-reality headset. Prior to that, the game could only be played using a headset. It was developed by Red Storm Entertainment and published by Ubisoft. Series actors Karl Urban, LeVar Burton and Jeri Ryan appeared at E3 2016 to promote the game during Ubisoft's press conference. A new trailer was showcased at CES 2017. The game was released on May 30, 2017. \"\"Star Trek: Bridge Crew\"\" received \"\"generally positive\"\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. \"\"Eurogamer\"\" ranked it 42nd on their list of the \"\"Top 50 Games of 2017\"\", while \"\"GamesRadar+\"\" ranked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14138545", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Deep Space Nine\"\ninterviews with cast and crew, the documentary will explore \"\"Deep Space Nine\"\"s legacy; Behr also reconvened the series' old writers' room to develop a script for the first episode of an imagined eighth season, which will be featured in the film. In 2017, a tentative release date is in 2018. In the summer of 2018, the makers scheduled special release events starting in October 2018. The fundraiser surpassed its target of nearly $150,000 within a day of going live. It went on to raise over half a million USD by March 2017, almost four times the amount requested. When it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465842", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nshowrunner Bryan Fuller had intended for \"\"Discovery\"\" to be an anthology series that told different stories each season. CBS did not agree, but a hybrid approach was eventually used, following the same characters but telling different stories each season. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, and filming began in April 2018. Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts, the first season's showrunners, returned for the second but were fired during production; co-creator Kurtzman replaced them. The season is set to premiere on January 17, 2019 on CBS All Access and will consist of 14 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Jonathan Frakes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20528607", "chunk_text": "\"Star Blazers: Space Battleship Yamato 2202\"\ntrailer of the film with the song \"\"From Yamato with Love\"\" and followed with the 12-minute preview stream of the first chapter. The second film was released on June 24, 2017 the third released on October 14, 2017, while the fourth film is released on January 27, 2018. The fifth film was released on May 25, 2018; the sixth film on November 2, 2018 and the seventh and final film will be released on March 1, 2019. As with the first series, \"\"Space Battleship Yamato 2199\"\", Voyager Entertainment and Funimation both licensed the series in North American territories, which commenced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15873873", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nfirst season. Russo generally works directly with the showrunners rather than any of the episodic directors, but discussed his score for the season's second episode with director Jonathan Frakes. The season was promoted at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2018, with Notaro moderating a panel that featured Kurtzman, Martin-Green, Jones, Latif, Wiseman, Rapp, Cruz, Chieffo, Mount, and executive producer Heather Kadin. The first trailer for the season debuted at the panel before being released online. The season is set to premiere on January 17, 2019 on CBS All Access in the United States. Bell Media broadcasts the series in Canada", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236843", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nexpected to draw. After the series' premiere, Kurtzman said that the producers wanted to avoid announcing release dates and having to delay those for any future seasons, due to the external pressure that caused with the first season, but that he hoped a second season would be available in early 2019. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, for 13 episodes. Goldsman did not return for the season after clashing with the series' writing staff during production on the first, and in June 2018, when production on the second season was underway, CBS fired Berg and Harberts. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699734", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nthe PaleyFest television festival and at New York Comic Con. \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" premiered at the ArcLight Hollywood on September 19, 2017. The first episode aired in a \"\"preview broadcast\"\" on CBS in the United States on September 24, and was made available with the second episode on CBS All Access. Subsequent first-run episodes, making up the first chapter of the season, were streamed weekly on All Access through November 5. The second chapter streamed from January 7 to February 11, 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1023326", "chunk_text": "\"Akiva Goldsman\"\nseries, which was released on August 4, 2017. In June 2015, Paramount Pictures announced that Goldsman would head a team of writers and filmmakers to create a multifilm cinematic universe branching out from Hasbro's \"\"Transformers\"\" franchise. Goldsman was revealed in September 2018 to have been on the writing staff for the new \"\"Star Trek\"\" series revolving around the character Jean-Luc Picard in his later years. In 2008, Goldsman joined the first season crew of the Fox horror/mystery series \"\"Fringe\"\" as writer, director, and consulting producer. The first episode Goldsman directed and wrote was \"\"Bad Dreams\"\". In its fifth season, Goldsman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9333014", "chunk_text": "\"Battle at the Binary Stars\"\nprologue to the rest of the series, setting up a season-long story arc for Burnham. Guest starring for the two-part premiere are Michelle Yeoh as Philippa Georgiou, captain of the \"\"Shenzhou\"\", and Chris Obi as the Klingon leader T'Kuvma. \"\"Battle at the Binary Stars\"\" was released on CBS All Access on September 24, 2017, along with the previous episode. The two-part premiere was believed to have caused record subscriptions for All Access, and received mostly positive reviews from critics, particularly for Martin-Green's performance. After being raised as a Vulcan by Sarek, and becoming the first human to attend and graduate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19045944", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nfilms based on the character Turist Ömer. \"\"The Orville\"\" is a comedy-drama science fiction television series that is currently airing on Fox, with the same look and feel as the \"\"Star Trek\"\" universe, created by noted Trekkie Seth MacFarlane that premiered on September 10, 2017. MacFarlane has made references to \"\"Star Trek\"\" on his animated series \"\"Family Guy\"\", where the \"\"Next Generation\"\" cast guest-starred in the episode \"\"Not All Dogs Go to Heaven\"\". Although \"\"Star Trek\"\" has been off the air since 2005, CBS and Paramount pictures have allowed fan-produced shows to be created. While not officially part of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9333035", "chunk_text": "\"Context Is for Kings\"\nhis Chief of Security Commander Ellen Landry to ensure his \"\"package\"\" is safely onboard. Landry has secretly transported the creature aboard the \"\"Discovery\"\". On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new \"\"Star Trek\"\" television series to premiere in January 2017, \"\"on the heels\"\" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016. In February 2016, Bryan Fuller was announced as the new series' showrunner, but was asked by CBS to step down at the end of October. Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts replaced him as showrunners. In September 2017, CBS revealed that the series' third episode would be titled \"\"Context Is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9333031", "chunk_text": "\"Context Is for Kings\"\nepisode. The series' writers consider this episode to be the show's equivalent of a pilot, introducing the majority of its main cast, the titular starship \"\"Discovery\"\", and the beginning of the season-long story. The episode reused the series' starship sets for both the \"\"Discovery\"\" and its sister ship \"\"Glenn\"\". \"\"Context Is for Kings\"\" was released on CBS All Access on October 1, 2017. The episode's release was believed to have caused record subscriptions for All Access, and received mostly positive reviews from critics for the new status quo established after the prologue of the previous two episodes. The new cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699658", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nseason streamed weekly until February 11, 2018. The season's release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin-Green's performance, the series' production value, and its new additions to \"\"Star Trek\"\" canon. A was ordered in October 2017. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In March 2018, a \"\"secret scene\"\" was released depicting an alternative ending to the season finale. It features Mirror Georgiou being approached by an operative of Section 31, a storyline that is further explored in the second season of the series. On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new \"\"Star Trek\"\" television series to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20203150", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nbeginning with \"\"The Next Generation\"\" in 1987. \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" is a direct prequel to \"\"\"\", set roughly ten years beforehand. It premiered September 24, 2017 in the United States and Canada on CBS before moving to CBS All Access, while Netflix streams the show outside the United States and is also providing most of the show's funding. The show centers on the voyages of the \"\"Discovery\"\", commanded by Captain Gabriel Lorca (played by Jason Isaacs), and Lieutenant Commander Michael Burnham (played by Sonequa Martin-Green), with Burnham being the lead character of the series. This marks the first \"\"Star Trek\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7650310", "chunk_text": "\"Disenchantment (TV series)\"\nepisode \"\"The Late Philip J. Fry\"\" in which the trio travel in a one-way time machine and witness the end and rebirth of the universe, implying that the three were passing through after time restarted. Twenty episodes of the series have been ordered by Netflix, with the first ten episodes being released on August 17, 2018, and the remaining episodes set to be released in 2019. On October 22, 2018, \"\"Disenchantment\"\" was renewed for a twenty-episode second season, to be released between 2020 and 2021. The series has received mixed to positive reviews from critics, based on the first seven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15873713", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nwas announced in November 2015, and Bryan Fuller joined as showrunner the next February. After disagreements with CBS over the direction of the show, and struggles with other commitments, Fuller left the series; Berg and Harberts took over day-to-day production using a mythology and broad story arc established by Fuller. The Klingon species was redesigned for the season, and its culture and biology was greatly developed. The season premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS on September 24. The premiere episode was also made available on CBS All Access, where the rest of the 15-episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15752990", "chunk_text": "\"Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who)\"\non 22 January 2018, in Region 4 on 7 February 2018, and in Region 1 on 13 February 2018. It was also announced as the first episode of either version of \"\"Doctor Who\"\" to be released on the Ultra HD Blu-ray format, with a planned Region A release on 25 September 2018. A novelisation of the story, written by Paul Cornell, was released in paperback and digital formats on 5 April 2018 as part of the \"\"Target Collection\"\". Twice Upon a Time (Doctor Who) \"\"Twice Upon a Time\"\" is an episode of the British science fiction television series \"\"Doctor Who\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11443771", "chunk_text": "\"The Vulcan Hello\"\nstudio announced that the series premiere had been pushed back to May 2017. At the end of October, CBS asked Fuller to step down as showrunner, with Berg and Harberts being made sole showrunners and working off of a broad story arc and overall mythology established by Fuller. In June 2017, CBS announced a new premiere date of September 24. On September 18, CBS revealed that the first episode would be titled \"\"The Vulcan Hello\"\". The teleplay for the episode was written by Fuller and supporting producer Akiva Goldsman, based on a story by Fuller and Kurtzman. The title refers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14231272", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Pine\"\n2017, Pine was in negotiations to star in a film adaptation of the novel, \"\"All the Old Knives\"\", opposite Michelle Williams. In July 2017, the US cable network TNT announced Pine would play the role of Jay Singletary in a six-episode television drama, \"\"One Day She'll Darken\"\", and serve as an executive producer alongside director Patty Jenkins and writer Sam Sheridan. The show, now renamed \"\"I Am the Night\"\", will air in January 2019. Zachary Quinto announced an untitled fourth \"\"Star Trek\"\" film was still in the early stages of being written in July. On September 5, 2017, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5748120", "chunk_text": "\"Red Letter Media\"\nWorst\"\" episodes, with Mike Stoklasa implying the rec in \"\"Pre-Rec\"\" stands for rectum. As of July 22, 2018 they announced that they would be broadcasting their final livestream on July 25, 2018 and then the channel would be put on hold for the foreseeable future. The first episode being uploaded to YouTube on 5 January 2017, \"\"The Nerd Crew\"\" parodies pop culture \"\"fanboyism\"\" and video series such as Screen Junkies and Collider, with Stoklasa, Bauman and Evans playing \"\"manchildren\"\" demonstrating excessive enthusiasm over \"\"Star Wars\"\", the Marvel Cinematic Universe and other content aimed primarily at a juvenile audience. Product placement,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5781045", "chunk_text": "\"And Another Thing... (novel)\"\nin comparison, but each part has its own short title. A full cast radio adaptation under the title \"\"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: The Hexagonal Phase\"\" and adapted from \"\"And Another Thing... \"\", with unpublished Hitchhiker material by Douglas Adams, was announced in October 2017 by the BBC as the sixth series of \"\"Hitchhiker's Guide\"\". The first episode of the series was broadcast on March 8, 2018, and the complete series was released commercially both on CD and via audio download by Audible.com on April 19, 2018. The audio book version is read by Simon Jones, who played Arthur", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153409", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nof \"\"\"\", the show sees the united Klingon houses in a war with the United Federation of Planets that involves the crew of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\". On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new \"\"Star Trek\"\" television series to premiere in January 2017, \"\"on the heels\"\" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016. It is the first \"\"Star Trek\"\" series since \"\"\"\" concluded in 2005, and the first show to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access on demand service. Alex Kurtzman, co-writer of the films \"\"Star Trek\"\" and \"\"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\", and Heather Kadin were set as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11443764", "chunk_text": "\"The Vulcan Hello\"\nof the series. Guest starring for the two-part premiere are Michelle Yeoh as Philippa Georgiou, captain of the \"\"Shenzhou\"\", and Chris Obi as the Klingon leader T'Kuvma. Filming took place at Pinewood Toronto Studios, as well as on location in Jordan and at Paramount Studios. \"\"The Vulcan Hello\"\" aired on CBS on September 24, 2017, in a special preview broadcast, before being released on the streaming service CBS All Access (along with the second episode, and the rest of the series in subsequent weeks). The episode was watched by 9.5 million viewers on CBS, and led to record subscriptions for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "164621", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Enterprise\"\nby the Directory of Photography. Season four's Blu-ray release of \"\"Enterprise\"\" in 1080p has been praised as sharp and with satisfying color, and the best looking of the seasons. The fourth season has been released multiple times, with latest as a combined full-series set in January 2017. Dennis McCarthy was recruited by the production team to score the pilot, \"\"Broken Bow\"\". He had scored other episodes of the franchise, including the pilot of \"\"The Next Generation\"\", \"\"Encounter at Farpoint\"\", and won an Emmy Award for his work on the \"\"Voyager\"\" episode \"\"Heroes and Demons\"\". His work on \"\"Broken Bow\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9267859", "chunk_text": "\"Voltron: Legendary Defender\"\nof 7 episodes while the fourth season premiered on October 13, 2017, and consisted of 6 episodes. The fifth season premiered on March 2, 2018, and consists of six episodes. The sixth season premiered on June 15, 2018 and consists of seven episodes. A seventh season premiered on August 10, 2018 and consists of thirteen episodes. The series' success has spawned several comics, action figures, and other toys. The eighth and final season premiered on December 14, 2018, and consists of thirteen episodes. For millennia, the Galra Empire has plagued the universe by destroying other civilizations and enslaving various races.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1748002", "chunk_text": "\"Stargate Origins\"\nBy August 2018, MGM's Digital Group had formed United Artists Digital Studios to produce show such as \"\"Stargate Origins\"\". The first three episodes were released on Stargate Command streaming service on February 15, 2018, while the last three debut on March 8, 2018. In March 2018, a \"\"Feature Cut\"\" of the series was announced. This cut would take the 10 10-minute episodes and stitch them together as a feature length film in 4K Ultra HD. Stargate Origins Stargate Origins (abbreviated as SGO) is an American science fiction adventure web series and part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's \"\"Stargate\"\" franchise. The program is based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2192291", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise\"\nof the \"\"Star Trek\"\" cast. Roddenberry called the sketch creatively designed with the light comedic touch necessary to pull off an effective satire. Elliott Gould later told \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" that the success of the sketch inspired Roddenberry to create the first feature film version of his series: \"\"\"\". Yoshimura, who has been a production designer on SNL for the entirety of its run, has been pressed into service to play Sulu whenever the show did a \"\"Star Trek\"\" spoof—most recently on the Season 42 episode that aired on May 6, 2017—a full 41 years after the original parody. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16915357", "chunk_text": "\"The Orville\"\nDuncan McNeill, who have directed episodes within the \"\"Star Trek\"\" franchise, have each directed an episode of \"\"The Orville\"\". Four episodes were directed by Brannon Braga, a long-time Star Trek alum who began as an intern on \"\"\"\", was producer of \"\"\"\", and co-created \"\".\"\" Filming for the second season began on February 26, 2018. Studios hired to work on the visual effects of the show include Tippett Studio, CoSA VFX, Pixomondo, Crafty Apes, Fuse FX, Eight VFX and Zoic Studios. The show uses a 75-piece orchestra for the music in each episode, alongside several different composers. MacFarlane said \"\"We", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465851", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nas a director and co-executive producer during the first season, became a full executive producer as well and was set as producing director for the rest of the season's production. Additionally, Jenny Lumet, who joined as a consulting producer at the beginning of the season, was promoted to co-executive producer. In July, the season was confirmed to premiere in January 2019. The series' writers began work on the second season in December 2017, and were considering \"\"science vs. faith\"\" as the main theme of the season. Harberts said that, unlike the first season, the second would not be a \"\"war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18131288", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek Continues\"\nand was released to the public the same day. \"\"Lolani\"\", the second episode, finished shooting in November 2013 with guest stars Lou Ferrigno and Erin Gray. The episode was released online in February 2014 after premiering at Dallas Sci-Fi Expo in Dallas, Texas. Episode three, \"\"Fairest of Them All\"\", began principal photography that month, with a premiere at Supanova 2014 in Sydney, Australia in June 2014. Pre-production on the fourth episode of the series, \"\"The White Iris\"\", began in November 2014, with a release on May 29, 2015, at Phoenix Comicon. The fifth episode premiered on September 25, 2015, at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11368015", "chunk_text": "\"USS Callister\"\non 5 December. The following day, Netflix published a trailer featuring an amalgamation of scenes from the fourth series, which announced that the series would be released on 29 December. Prior to the series' release, \"\"USS \"\"Callister\"\"\"\" was described as the \"\"most anticipated new episode\"\" by one source; it was compared by Charlie Brooker to \"\"San Junipero\"\", the most successful episode of the previous series. \"\"USS \"\"Callister\"\"\"\" was considered to be one of the few \"\"Black Mirror\"\" episodes that could have a sequel, given the final scene; both Brooker and Jones agreed that if they ever opted to a sequel,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19346156", "chunk_text": "\"Into the Dark (TV series)\"\nPatrick Lussier directing, and a release date of November 2, 2018. On October 11, 2018, production designer Cecil Gentry revealed in an interview with \"\"Dead Entertainment\"\" that he was working on ten out of twelve episodes of the series, that an episode centered on Christmas titled \"\"Pooka\"\" would air in December, and that an episode centered around April Fools Day titled \"\"I’m Just Fucking with You\"\" would air in April. On November 27, 2018, it was reported that an episode titled \"\"New Year, New You\"\" would air in January 2019, an episode centered on Valentine's Day and titled \"\"Down\"\" would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4969893", "chunk_text": "\"The Toys That Made Us\"\nThe Toys That Made Us The Toys That Made Us is an American television series created by Brian Volk-Weiss. The first four episodes of the series began streaming on Netflix on December 22, 2017, and the next four were released in May 25, 2018. The 8-episode documentary series, as it was originally touted, focuses on the history of important toy lines. The first four episodes focus on the Star Wars, He-Man, Barbie and G.I. Joe toy lines with subsequent episodes featuring LEGO, Transformers, Hello Kitty, and Star Trek, which aired on May 25, 2018. On July 19, 2018, it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5456651", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek Online\"\nStarfleet and Klingon Defense Force factions in the in-game store. Several \"\"DS9\"\" actors reprise their roles in the expansion, including René Auberjonois (Odo), Nana Visitor (Kira Nerys), Alexander Siddig (Dr. Julian Bashir), Armin Shimerman (Quark), Max Grodénchik (Rom), Chase Masterson (), Aron Eisenberg (Nog), Andrew Robinson (Elim Garak), J. G. Hertzler (Martok), Jeffrey Combs (Weyoun and ), Salome Jens (the Female Changeling), and Bumper Robinson (Dukan'Rex, the Jem'Hadar youth who appeared in \"\"DS9\"\"s third season episode \"\"\"\"). \"\"Victory is Life\"\" was released on June 5, 2018. Cryptic Studios partnered with several retailers for distribution of pre-order copies. Each retailer had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7204373", "chunk_text": "\"Final Space\"\naired as a sneak peek on TBS's sister network TNT on February 17, 2018. The series premiered on TBS on February 26, 2018 and was renewed for a second season on May 7, 2018 with this season having 13 episodes instead of 10. It is scheduled to air sometime in 2019. The show is distributed internationally via Netflix, and in select territories as a Netflix Original. Gary Goodspeed is a boisterous yet inept astronaut who, in the midst of working off the last few days of his five-year sentence aboard the prison spacecraft \"\"Galaxy One\"\", encounters a mysterious planet-destroying alien.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18654274", "chunk_text": "\"Tenacious D in Post-Apocalypto\"\nannounced that the series would be released on YouTube, with the first episode coming out on September 28. A new episode was released every Friday from then until November 2, to mark the release of the \"\"Post-Apocalypto\"\" album and the subsequent tour. The series was screened at the LA Film Festival on September 24, 2018 and the Fantastic Fest on September 25, 2018. The second episode was removed from YouTube shortly after being uploaded on October 5 for its sexual content. It was unblocked and had an age-restriction placed on it shortly after. All the episodes were edited into one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4207781", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek (film series)\"\nnext \"\"Star Trek\"\" theatrical installment with Abrams, with the intention being that the former will direct the film. Mark L. Smith, Lindsey Beer, Megan Amram and Drew Pearce took part in the writers room before Paramount finalized a deal with Smith to write the screenplay. Fans and critics have reacted with uncertainty to the news that Tarantino told Paramount that he planned for this to be the first R-rated \"\"Star Trek\"\" film. In April 2018, it was announced that two new \"\"Star Trek\"\" films are in development at Paramount. Later that month, it was announced that S. J. Clarkson will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11663889", "chunk_text": "\"Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh\"\nJanuary 27, 2017. A holiday special called \"\"Home for the Holidays\"\" was released on December 1, 2017. The fourth season was released on July 20, 2018. The animated series takes place after the events of the film \"\"Home\"\", in the setting of Earth's newly combined human and alien culture. The title characters, a fearless human girl (Tip) and an overenthusiastic alien Boov (Oh), build upon their established friendship and find adventure while navigating the crazily combined world they now share. The series includes pop songs performed by artist Rachel Crow as Tip. A 1-hour Christmas special called \"\"Home: For the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3222	whats the movie called with justin timberlake and time?	n/a	[ "In Time" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10990", "chunk_text": "\"In Time\"\n\"\"one of the 99%\"\" and calls the character \"\"a Rolex Robin Hood\"\". \"\"In Time\"\" grossed $12 million on its opening weekend, debuting at number three behind \"\"Puss in Boots\"\", and \"\"Paranormal Activity 3\"\". The film declined later on during its 14 weekend box office run. The film eventually grossed over $37.5 million in the US and $136.4 million internationally for a worldwide total of $173.9 million. In Time In Time is a 2011 American dystopian science fiction action thriller film written, directed, and produced by Andrew Niccol. Justin Timberlake, Amanda Seyfried and Cillian Murphy star as people in a society", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2497466", "chunk_text": "\"In Time\"\nIn Time In Time is a 2011 American dystopian science fiction action thriller film written, directed, and produced by Andrew Niccol. Justin Timberlake, Amanda Seyfried and Cillian Murphy star as people in a society where people stop aging at 25. Instead, a new economic system uses time as currency, and each person has a clock on their arm that counts down how long they have to live. The film was released on October 28, 2011. In 2169, people are genetically engineered to stop aging on their 25th birthday. Everyone then develops a countdown on their forearm set for a year.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6705059", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake videography\"\nand attained box office success. The same year, Timberlake released his second studio album \"\"FutureSex/LoveSounds\"\"—four music videos for singles from the album were shot. Samuel Bayer directed the music video for \"\"What Goes Around... Comes Around\"\" (2007) in which American actress Scarlett Johansson plays Timberlake's love interest. From 2007 until 2009, he appeared in the music videos for his collaborations with other artists including 50 Cent (\"\"Ayo Technology\"\"), Madonna (\"\"4 Minutes\"\") and T.I. (\"\"Dead and Gone\"\"). Timberlake starred in the 2010 drama \"\"The Social Network\"\", in which he portrayed Sean Parker, the first president of Facebook. The film received acclaim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10302306", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake\"\nMGM Grand Garden Arena, the space-age themed concert film titled \"\"Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids\"\" and directed by Jonathan Demme premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 13. Timberlake dedicated the film to Prince for influencing his music. Ahead of its debut at the film festival, the streaming service Netflix released it on October 12. Timberlake composed the soundtrack and served as music supervisor for the 2017 film \"\"The Book of Love\"\" which his wife Jessica Biel produced and starred in. Timberlake voiced the lead character in DreamWorks Animation's musical comedy \"\"Trolls\"\" opposite Anna Kendrick. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5245511", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake\"\nSean Parker, the founder of Napster, in the acclaimed film \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010). He also appeared at the 2010 MTV VMAs on September 12, 2010. In 2011, he starred alongside Cameron Diaz in \"\"Bad Teacher\"\" and then alongside Mila Kunis in \"\"Friends with Benefits\"\", and played Will Salas, the protagonist of \"\"In Time\"\", a science fiction film by Andrew Niccol. He provided a feature and appeared in the music video for the song Motherlover from The Lonely Island's second album Turtleneck & Chain, and directed and made a cameo in the FreeSol music video \"\"Hoodies On, Hats Low\"\" which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17082027", "chunk_text": "\"Timescape (1992 film)\"\nTimescape (1992 film) Timescape, released on video as Grand Tour: Disaster in Time, is a 1992 American science fiction film directed by David Twohy and starring Jeff Daniels and Ariana Richards. Featuring a cameo appearance by Robert Colbert, one of the co-stars of Irwin Allen's 1960s TV series \"\"The Time Tunnel\"\", it is based on the novella \"\"Vintage Season\"\" by Henry Kuttner and C.L. Moore. Haunted by the death of his wife, Ben Wilson (Jeff Daniels), has recently returned to his hometown and purchased an old guest house on the outskirts of town, which he is renovating with his young", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11400996", "chunk_text": "\"A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)\"\nA Wrinkle in Time (2018 film) A Wrinkle in Time is a 2018 American science fantasy adventure film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell, based on Madeleine L'Engle's 1962 novel of the same name. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Whitaker Entertainment, the story follows a young girl who, with the help of three astral travelers, sets off on a quest to find her missing father. The film stars Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kaling, Storm Reid, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Michael Peña, Zach Galifianakis, and Chris Pine. It is Disney's second film adaptation of L'Engle's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2497472", "chunk_text": "\"In Time\"\n\"\"I'm.mortal\"\" were used. On July 12, 2010, it was reported that Amanda Seyfried had been offered a lead role. On July 27, 2010, it was confirmed that Justin Timberlake had been offered a lead role. On August 9, 2010, Cillian Murphy was confirmed to have joined the cast. The first photos from the set were revealed on October 28, 2010. 20th Century Fox and New Regency distributed the film, and Marc Abraham and Eric Newman's Strike Entertainment produced it. In an interview with Kristopher Tapley of \"\"In Contention\"\", Roger Deakins stated that he would be shooting the film in digital,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10353859", "chunk_text": "\"Time Trap (film)\"\nTime Trap (film) Time Trap is a 2017 American science fiction, action and adventure film directed by Ben Foster and Mark Dennis. Starring Brianne Howey, Cassidy Erin Gifford, Olivia Draguicevich, Reily McClendon and Andrew Wilson, it tells the story of group of students on a road trip in remote Texas, searching for their missing professor. They then discover a mysterious cave by accident. While exploring the cave, the group experience a series of bizarre and dangerous events related to time and space distortion. A group of students went on a road trip into the remote area of Texas. They were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8997580", "chunk_text": "\"The Color of Time\"\nThe Color of Time The Color of Time (aka Tar) is a 2012 drama film written and directed by twelve New York University film students: Edna Luise Biesold, Sarah-Violet Bliss, Gabrielle Demeestere, Alexis Gambis, Shruti Ganguly, Brooke Goldfinch, Shripriya Mahesh, Pamela Romanowsky, Bruce Thierry Cheung, Tine Thomasen, Virginia Urreiztieta and Omar Zúñiga Hidalgo. It stars James Franco, Henry Hopper, Mila Kunis, Jessica Chastain and Zach Braff. It premiered on November 16, 2012 at the Rome Film Festival. It was released in the United Kingdom in 2014 under the new title \"\"Forever Love\"\". The film was released in the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19420134", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake\"\nthe films \"\"The Social Network\"\", \"\"Bad Teacher\"\", \"\"Friends with Benefits\"\", and \"\"In Time\"\". Timberlake resumed his music career in 2013 with his third and fourth albums \"\"The 20/20 Experience\"\" and \"\"The 20/20 Experience – 2 of 2\"\", exploring neo soul styles, partly inspired by the expansive song structures of 1960s and 1970s rock. The former became the best-selling album of the year in the US with the largest sales week, and spawned the top-three singles \"\"Suit & Tie\"\" and \"\"Mirrors\"\", while the latter produced the top-ten song \"\"Not a Bad Thing\"\". For his live performances, including the eponymous concert tour", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8137054", "chunk_text": "\"The 20/20 Experience\"\nwrote that each song portrays Timberlake as a \"\"starry-eyed romantic, bedazzled by a woman upon whom he cannot heap enough compliments, come-ons and seductive playfulness.\"\" \"\"Suit & Tie\"\", featuring rapper Jay-Z, was released as the album's lead single on January 14, 2013. It is a mid-tempo R&B song that \"\"floats along\"\" like a song from the American band The Whispers. The music video for \"\"Suit & Tie\"\" was shot on January 25, 2013, and released on February 14, 2013. It was directed by David Fincher, who previously directed \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010), a film in which Timberlake starred. Commercially, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8883046", "chunk_text": "\"About Time (2013 film)\"\nAbout Time (2013 film) About Time is a 2013 British romantic comedy-drama film about a young man with the special ability to time travel who tries to change his past in order to improve his future. The film was written and directed by Richard Curtis, and stars Domhnall Gleeson, Rachel McAdams and Bill Nighy. It was released in the United Kingdom on 4 September 2013. The film received mixed critical response and was a moderate box office success grossing $87.1 million against a $12 million budget. Tim Lake (Domhnall Gleeson) is a young man from Cornwall. He grows up in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1682483", "chunk_text": "\"Time Freak\"\nTime Freak Time Freak is a 2011 short comedy film written and directed by Andrew Bowler and starring Michael Nathanson, John Conor Brooke, Emilea Wilson, and Hector Diaz. It was produced by Gigi Causey. The film was nominated for the 2012 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. The time-travel comedy was inspired by other time-travel films such as \"\"Primer\"\" and \"\"Back to the Future\"\". Bowler and Causey decided to produce the film after they got married, spending the $25,000 they had saved to buy an apartment in New York. The film was rejected by several film festivals, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20269489", "chunk_text": "\"Five & Two Pictures\"\nFive & Two Pictures Five & Two Pictures is an independent Christian film production company founded in 2002 by Dave Christiano and Rich Christiano. They have produced several Christian feature films; \"\"Time Changer\"\", \"\"Unidentified\"\", \"\"Me & You, Us, Forever\"\", \"\"The Secrets of Jonathan Sperry\"\" and \"\"A Matter of Faith\"\". Five & Two Pictures was founded by Dave Christiano and Rich Christiano in 2002 with their first theatrical release, \"\"Time Changer\"\". The time travel movie opened on October 25, 2002 in 169 theaters and eventually played in 310. On April 28, 2006, Five and Two Pictures released their second film, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493593", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake\"\nalbum \"\"Celebrity\"\" (2001) was also financially successful. Upon the completion of the \"\"Celebrity Tour\"\", the group went into hiatus in 2002. In its lifetime, NSYNC was internationally famous and performed at the Academy Awards, the Olympics, and the Super Bowl, as well as selling more than 70 million records worldwide, becoming the fifth-best selling boy band in history. In late 1999, Timberlake appeared in the Disney Channel movie \"\"Model Behavior\"\". He played Jason Sharpe, a model who falls in love with a waitress after mistaking her for another model. It was released on March 12, 2000. The rise of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11162853", "chunk_text": "\"Time Freak\"\ninteractions at a dry cleaner and with a woman (Wilson) that he wants to impress. Bowler expanded upon his short film to create a full-length feature film, starring Sophie Turner, Asa Butterfield, and Skyler Gisondo. Most of the filming took place in Utah, including Salt Lake City, Taylorsville, and the University of Utah. Time Freak Time Freak is a 2011 short comedy film written and directed by Andrew Bowler and starring Michael Nathanson, John Conor Brooke, Emilea Wilson, and Hector Diaz. It was produced by Gigi Causey. The film was nominated for the 2012 Academy Award for Best Live Action", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14552613", "chunk_text": "\"The 20/20 Experience\"\nnumber 14, commenting \"\"Timberlake came back as a lovesick adult, bouncing old-school soul ideas off of his best bud Timbaland and writing a modern-day symphony for his beloved, Jessica Biel, that stretched for over an hour. We all grow up, but few do so as stylishly as JT.\"\" The album, as part of the compilation \"\"The 20/20 Experience – The Complete Experience\"\", was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Pop Vocal Album. Additionally, \"\"Mirrors\"\" was nominated for Best Pop Solo Performance, \"\"Suit & Tie\"\" for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Best Music Video, and \"\"Pusher Love Girl\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6090673", "chunk_text": "\"Timemaster (film)\"\nTimemaster (film) Timemaster is a 1995 American film written and directed by James Glickenhaus and starring Jesse Cameron-Glickenhaus, Pat Morita, Joanna Pacula and Duncan Regehr. It also features Michelle Williams in one of her first theatrical roles. Young Jesse is the Earth's last line of defense against an alien threat. Timemaster was written and directed by James Glickenhaus and stars his own son, Jesse Cameron-Glickenhaus. James also wrote some songs for the movie`s soundtrack. This was the last film released by Shapiro-Glickenhaus Entertainment, before its disbanded in 1995. Despite being one her earliest roles in a film, Michelle Williams always", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12142780", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Linklater\"\nRichard Linklater Richard Stuart Linklater (; born July 30, 1960) is an American filmmaker and actor. Linklater is mostly known for his realistic and natural humanist films which revolve mainly around suburban culture and the effects of the passage of time. Some notable films of his include the observational comedy film \"\"Slacker\"\" (1990); the coming-of-age comedy \"\"Dazed and Confused\"\" (1993); the romantic drama film trilogy \"\"Before Sunrise\"\" (1995), \"\"Before Sunset\"\" (2004), and \"\"Before Midnight\"\" (2013); the music-themed comedy \"\"School of Rock\"\" (2003); and the rotoscope animated films \"\"Waking Life\"\" (2001) and \"\"A Scanner Darkly\"\" (2006). In 2002, he began filming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6237052", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Linklater\"\nmany of his films including Ethan Hawke, Jack Black, Matthew McConaughey, Julie Delpy, and Patricia Arquette. Richard Linklater Richard Stuart Linklater (; born July 30, 1960) is an American filmmaker and actor. Linklater is mostly known for his realistic and natural humanist films which revolve mainly around suburban culture and the effects of the passage of time. Some notable films of his include the observational comedy film \"\"Slacker\"\" (1990); the coming-of-age comedy \"\"Dazed and Confused\"\" (1993); the romantic drama film trilogy \"\"Before Sunrise\"\" (1995), \"\"Before Sunset\"\" (2004), and \"\"Before Midnight\"\" (2013); the music-themed comedy \"\"School of Rock\"\" (2003); and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5245506", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake\"\nthe previous day. Also in 2007, Timberlake made an appearance on 50 Cent's third album, \"\"Curtis\"\". Timberlake, along with Timbaland, is featured on a track called \"\"Ayo Technology\"\", which was the album's fourth single. Also, another possible collaboration was to occur with Lil Wayne for his album \"\"Tha Carter III\"\" with Nelly Furtado and Timbaland. With the wrapping up of the FutureSex/LoveSounds tour of Australasia and the Middle East in November 2007, Timberlake resumed his film career. Projects underway early in 2008 were starring roles in Mike Myers' comedy \"\"The Love Guru\"\" (released June 20, 2008) and Mike Meredith's drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3190220", "chunk_text": "\"Until the End of Time (Justin Timberlake and Beyoncé song)\"\nUntil the End of Time (Justin Timberlake and Beyoncé song) \"\"Until the End of Time\"\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake from his second studio album, \"\"FutureSex/LoveSounds\"\" (2006), written and produced by Timberlake, Timbaland, and Nate \"\"Danja\"\" Hills. The song was later re-recorded as a duet featuring American singer Beyoncé, which was released as a single on November 13, 2007 and included on the Deluxe Edition of the album. It reached the top 20 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, being the sixth single from the album to do so, with Timberlake becoming the only male artist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6046173", "chunk_text": "\"The Time (Dirty Bit)\"\nThe Time (Dirty Bit) \"\"The Time (Dirty Bit)\"\" is a song by American musical group The Black Eyed Peas from their sixth studio album, \"\"The Beginning\"\". The song was released as the album's lead single on November 5, 2010. The chorus of the song interpolates \"\"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\"\" from the 1987 film \"\"Dirty Dancing\"\". The song peaked at number four on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 in the US, becoming the group's sixth consecutive top ten hit (following the five singles from their previous album, \"\"The E.N.D\"\"), and ninth overall. It topped the charts in Australia, Austria,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9137394", "chunk_text": "\"Timecode (2000 film)\"\nTimecode (2000 film) Timecode is a 2000 American experimental film written and directed by Mike Figgis and featuring a large ensemble cast, including Salma Hayek, Stellan Skarsgård, Jeanne Tripplehorn, Suzy Nakamura, Kyle MacLachlan, Saffron Burrows, Holly Hunter, Julian Sands, Xander Berkeley, Leslie Mann and Mía Maestro. The film is constructed from four continuous 93-minute takes that were filmed simultaneously by four cameramen; the screen is divided into quarters, and the four shots are shown simultaneously. The film depicts several groups of people in Los Angeles as they interact and conflict while preparing for the shooting of a movie in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1682484", "chunk_text": "\"Time Freak\"\nSundance, Telluride, and Tribeca, but the couple submitted it to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which selected the film as a nominee for the award. The film stars John Conor Brooke, Michael Nathanson and Emilea Wilson. Brooke and Nathanson are roommates, but Nathanson hasn't been home for three days, so Brooke goes to Nathanson's lab in a run down building to check on him. Nathanson has just perfected the time machine he had been working on, but is behaving oddly. It turns out he has been re-doing the events of the day before, trying to perfect his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8938740", "chunk_text": "\"Time Trap (film)\"\nTomatoes audience score of 76%, with average rating of 3.9/5. On IMDb, the film receives a score of 6.6/10 based on the aggregated reviews of 4,704 critics. Time Trap (film) Time Trap is a 2017 American science fiction, action and adventure film directed by Ben Foster and Mark Dennis. Starring Brianne Howey, Cassidy Erin Gifford, Olivia Draguicevich, Reily McClendon and Andrew Wilson, it tells the story of group of students on a road trip in remote Texas, searching for their missing professor. They then discover a mysterious cave by accident. While exploring the cave, the group experience a series of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20516111", "chunk_text": "\"The Time Guardian\"\nThe Time Guardian The Time Guardian is a 1987 Australian science fiction film co-written by John Baxter and Brian Hannant, directed by Hannant, and starring Tom Burlinson, Nikki Coghill, Dean Stockwell, and Carrie Fisher. In 4039, a city of survivors from the Neutron Wars travels through time and space escaping the Jen-Diki, a race of cyborgs intent on wiping out humanity. Two soldiers from the city, crusty Ballard and historian Petra, are transported to the South Australian outback in 1988 to prepare a landing site for the city. Petra is wounded and Ballard seeks help from geologist Annie Lassite. Ballard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5347239", "chunk_text": "\"Back in Time (2015 film)\"\nBack in Time (2015 film) Back in Time is a 2015 American documentary film directed by Jason Aron. The film explores the production, impact, and legacy of the \"\"Back to the Future\"\" film series, and includes interviews with members of the series' cast and crew, including Robert Zemeckis, Steven Spielberg, Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd, as well as fans of the franchise. The film includes footage of various cast and crew members of the \"\"Back to the Future\"\" film series, discussing the trilogy and its cultural impact. Among these interviewees are actors Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13127286", "chunk_text": "\"About Time (2013 film)\"\na house by the sea with his father (Bill Nighy), his mother (Lindsay Duncan), his absent-minded maternal uncle (Richard Cordery), and his free-spirited sister, Katherine (Lydia Wilson), who is known to family and friends as Kit Kat. At the age of 21, Tim is told by his father that the men of his family have a special gift: the ability to travel in time. This supernatural ability is subject to one constraint: they can only travel to places and times they have been before. After his father discourages Tim from using his gift to acquire money or fame, he decides", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6705060", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake videography\"\nfrom critics and was a box office success. In 2011, he starred in the comedies \"\"Bad Teacher\"\" and \"\"Friends with Benefits\"\" alongside Cameron Diaz and Mila Kunis respectively. Both films were financial successes. The music videos for his songs \"\"Mirrors\"\" and \"\"Suit & Tie\"\" were released in 2013. They earned him a MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year and a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, respectively. Timberlake has also hosted \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" five times, being both host and musical guest three times. In film, he released \"\"Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids\"\" and voiced Branch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14302287", "chunk_text": "Clockstoppers\nClockstoppers Clockstoppers is a 2002 American science fiction action film directed by Jonathan Frakes and produced by Gale Anne Hurd and Julia Pistor. The film stars Jesse Bradford, Paula Garcés, French Stewart, Michael Biehn, Robin Thomas, and Julia Sweeney. The film was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The NSA-funded Quantum Tech (QT) Corporation has slated a project to develop Hypertime, a technology which allows the user's molecules to speed up to the point where the world appears in standstill. The NSA ends the project due to its high amount of risk. However, QT's CEO Henry Gates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14302295", "chunk_text": "Clockstoppers\nClockstoppers Clockstoppers is a 2002 American science fiction action film directed by Jonathan Frakes and produced by Gale Anne Hurd and Julia Pistor. The film stars Jesse Bradford, Paula Garcés, French Stewart, Michael Biehn, Robin Thomas, and Julia Sweeney. The film was produced by Nickelodeon Movies and distributed by Paramount Pictures. The NSA-funded Quantum Tech (QT) Corporation has slated a project to develop Hypertime, a technology which allows the user's molecules to speed up to the point where the world appears in standstill. The NSA ends the project due to its high amount of risk. However, QT's CEO Henry Gates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8137039", "chunk_text": "\"The 20/20 Experience\"\nThe 20/20 Experience The 20/20 Experience is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake. It was released on March 15, 2013, by RCA Records, as the follow-up to his second studio album \"\"FutureSex/LoveSounds\"\" (2006). It is considered the first half of a two-piece project, later being supplemented by his fourth studio album \"\"The 20/20 Experience – 2 of 2\"\" (2013). The record incorporates neo soul styles with elements of older soul music; its lyrics discuss themes of romance and sex. Production is handled by Timbaland, Timberlake, who also serves as the album's executive producer, and Jerome \"\"J-Roc\"\" Harmon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14813674", "chunk_text": "\"A Place in Time\"\nA Place in Time A Place in Time is a 2007 American documentary film directed by Angelina Jolie. The film takes a look at the daily lives of people in more than two dozen countries around the world during the course of a week. In the film, celebrity friends of Jolie visit orphanages, refugee camps and other areas of concern in an effort to raise awareness and encourage cultural understanding. It is an experimental documentary that seeks to capture both the diversity of life around the globe and the similarities of the human spirit by filming in many places in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12973539", "chunk_text": "\"Science fiction film\"\nof time travel—travelling backwards and forwards through time—has always been a popular staple of science fiction film and science fiction television series. Time travel usually involves the use of some type of advanced technology, such as H. G. Wells' classic \"\"The Time Machine\"\", the commercially successful 1980s-era \"\"Back to the Future\"\" trilogy, \"\"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\"\", the \"\"Terminator\"\" series, \"\"Déjà Vu\"\" (2006), \"\"Source Code\"\" (2011), \"\"Edge of Tomorrow\"\" (2014), and \"\"Tomorrowland\"\" (2015). Other movies, such as the \"\"Planet of the Apes\"\" series, \"\"Timeline\"\" (2003) and \"\"The Last Mimzy\"\" (2007), explained their depictions of time travel by drawing on physics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4721099", "chunk_text": "\"Time Out of Mind (2014 film)\"\nexisting on the edges of society.\"\" A. O. Scott of \"\"The New York Times\"\" gave the film a positive review, saying \"\"This movie's best and truest quality may be its wandering, episodic rhythm, which is intriguing in its own right and reflects the experience of the main character.\"\" Time Out of Mind (2014 film) Time Out of Mind is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Oren Moverman and starring Richard Gere, Jena Malone, Ben Vereen, Kyra Sedgwick, and Steve Buscemi. It was released on September 11, 2015, by IFC Films. Set in the urban cacophony of New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594510", "chunk_text": "\"Nick of Time (film)\"\nNick of Time (film) Nick of Time is a 1995 American neo noir political thriller film, directed by John Badham, and starring Johnny Depp, Christopher Walken, Charles S. Dutton and Courtney Chase. It is noteworthy for taking place in real time. It inspired the movie Baadshah. The film opens with Gene Watson (Johnny Depp), a mild-mannered, widowed accountant arriving with his daughter Lynn at the Union Station in Los Angeles. As Watson makes a pay phone call informing an unidentified person that his train was late, two mysterious strangers in suits, known only as Mr. Smith (Christopher Walken) and Ms.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8437901", "chunk_text": "\"Closing Time (Semisonic song)\"\nsong was featured in the 2010 film \"\"Due Date\"\" during a scene in which Danny McBride beats up the film's two protagonists. Wilson says that while he wasn't \"\"bummed\"\" about the song's usage in the film, he would not have approved its usage if he had been personally asked because the scene it was used in was very violent. The song was prominently featured in the 2011 film \"\"Friends with Benefits\"\" where, in the climax, Justin Timberlake's character points out that the song is by Semisonic and not, as he believed, Third Eye Blind. In a Season 8 episode of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "617411", "chunk_text": "\"Amanda Seyfried\"\nnegative reviews, but earned US$90 million worldwide on a US$42 million budget. She also played the lead role of Sylvia Weis in Andrew Niccol's \"\"In Time\"\", which reunited her with her \"\"Alpha Dog\"\" co-star, Justin Timberlake, released in October 2011 to mixed reviews but grossed more than US$172 million worldwide. Also in 2011, Seyfried became a spokesperson and model for Cle de Peau Beaute, a Japanese line of beauty products. Seyfried starred in the thriller \"\"Gone\"\", released in early 2012. Later that year, she played Cosette in the film adaptation of the musical \"\"Les Misérables\"\". The film, and her performance,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12480496", "chunk_text": "\"Voyage of Time\"\nVoyage of Time Voyage of Time is a 2016 American IMAX documentary film written and directed by Terrence Malick. The film is said to be an examination of the birth and death of the known universe. Malick has been working on the film for over forty years and it has been described by Malick himself as \"\"one of my greatest dreams\"\". \"\"Voyage of Time\"\" was released in two versions: a forty-minute IMAX version with narration by Brad Pitt, and a 35-millimetre feature-length edition (also known as Voyage of Time: Life's Journey) narrated by Cate Blanchett. The feature-length edition was selected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18478262", "chunk_text": "\"Needle in a Timestack\"\nVancouver on June 18, 2018, and ended on July 24, 2018. Needle in a Timestack Needle in a Timestack is an upcoming science fiction film written and directed by John Ridley. It is based on the short story by Robert Silverberg. A marriage is challenged when a traveller gets involved in their lives. It was announced in April 2017 that John Ridley would write and direct the project, with Miramax set to distribute. Miramax was no longer involved in the project by June 2018, with Bron Studios taking the project over. Leslie Odom Jr., Freida Pinto, Cynthia Erivo, Orlando Bloom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493591", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake\"\nfor the albums, he began performing with his band The Tennessee Kids, composed by instrumentalists and dancers. Timberlake voiced the lead character in DreamWorks Animation's \"\"Trolls\"\" (2016), whose soundtrack includes his fifth \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart-topping single, \"\"Can't Stop the Feeling!\"\". His fifth studio album \"\"Man of the Woods\"\" (2018) became his fourth number one album in the US. Throughout his solo career, Timberlake has sold over 32 million albums and 56 million singles globally, making him one of the world's best-selling music artists. Often cited as a pop icon, Timberlake is the recipient of numerous awards and accolades, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2620818", "chunk_text": "\"Timequest (film)\"\nTimequest (film) Timequest is a 2000 science-fiction film directed by Robert Dyke and starring Victor Slezak as John F. Kennedy and Caprice Benedetti as Jacqueline Kennedy. The film also features Vince Grant and Bruce Campbell. After premiering on April 13, 2000, the film had a limited theatrical release in the United States, followed shortly by distribution on VHS and DVD to the United States, Canada, and Australia. \"\"Timequest\"\" explores the science fiction theme of altering the present day by traveling back in time and tampering with past events. In this particular film, on the morning of November 22, 1963, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14712558", "chunk_text": "\"Our Time Now\"\n\"\"The Sims 2: Teen Style\"\" stuff pack. The song was used in The Ultimate Band Trailer. The music video was inspired by the 1967 film \"\"The Graduate\"\". It stars the band performing the song on a theater stage with a crew working around them. A family appears at the start of the second verse having an outdoor party with a pool. The ending shows Tom stopping a wedding and running off with the bride. Our Time Now \"\"Our Time Now\"\" is the third single from the Plain White T's from their album \"\"Every Second Counts\"\". It was shipped to Pop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6090674", "chunk_text": "\"Timemaster (film)\"\nrenegated the movie. She was so embarrassed by her involvement with this picture, to the point that she and some of the people involved with the film decided to call it \"\"Timewaster.\"\" The film received overwhelmingly negative reviews from critics and currently holds a 0% audience score on Rotten Tomatoes. Timemaster (film) Timemaster is a 1995 American film written and directed by James Glickenhaus and starring Jesse Cameron-Glickenhaus, Pat Morita, Joanna Pacula and Duncan Regehr. It also features Michelle Williams in one of her first theatrical roles. Young Jesse is the Earth's last line of defense against an alien threat.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12955678", "chunk_text": "\"Déjà Vu (2006 film)\"\nDéjà Vu (2006 film) Déjà Vu (stylized onscreen as Deja Vu without accents) is a 2006 American science fiction thriller film directed by Tony Scott, written by Bill Marsilii and Terry Rossio, and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. The film stars Denzel Washington, Paula Patton, Jim Caviezel, Val Kilmer, Adam Goldberg and Bruce Greenwood. It involves an ATF agent who travels back in time in attempts to prevent a domestic terrorist attack that takes place in New Orleans and to save a woman with whom he falls in love. Filming took place in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. The film premiered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11074192", "chunk_text": "\"The Timekeeper\"\nThe Timekeeper The Timekeeper (also known as From Time to Time and Un Voyage à Travers le Temps) was a 1992 Circle-Vision 360° film that was presented at three Disney parks around the world. It was the first Circle-Vision show that was arranged and filmed with an actual plot and not just visions of landscapes, and the first to utilize Audio-Animatronics. The film featured a cast of European film actors of France, Italy, Belgium, Russia, and England. The film was shown in highly stylized circular theaters, and featured historic and futuristic details both on the interior and exterior. \"\"The Timekeeper\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20206385", "chunk_text": "\"Time (2007 film)\"\nTime (2007 film) Time is a 2007 Malayalam film directed by Shaji Kailas. The movie features Suresh Gopi in a double role together with Vimala Raman, Padmapriya Janakiraman in the lead roles. The music and background score were composed by Rahulraj. The film didn't do well at the box office. An anti-corruption drive led by Disha, a Gandhian social organization leads to the resignation of Krishnan Nambiar (Biju Pappan), a state minister. Susan Mary Thomas (Padmapriya Janakiraman), an upcoming English novelist is the main brain behind Disha, who also is involved in several woman empowerment programs. Just after his resignation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493647", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Timberlake\"\nwhose name means \"\"from the forest.\"\" The album's first single, \"\"Filthy\"\", was released on January 5, along with its accompanying video directed by Mark Romanek. The electro-funk song has reached number 9 in the US and number 5 in Canada. The songs \"\"Supplies\"\", \"\"Say Something\"\" featuring Chris Stapleton and \"\"Man of the Woods\"\" were also released along with music videos ahead of the album. His collaboration with Stapleton also reached the top 10 in the US and Canada. An accompanying tour of the same name began in March in Toronto, Canada and is scheduled to end in January 2019, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3223	who wrote the poem for whom the bell tolls?	n/a	[ "Ernest Hemingway", "John Donne" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9562029", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls (Metallica song)\"\nFor Whom the Bell Tolls (Metallica song) \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\" is a song by American thrash metal band Metallica. It was first released on the group's second album, \"\"Ride the Lightning\"\" (1984). In 1985, Elektra Records released it as a promotional single, with both an edited and full-length versions. The song is one of their most popular; by March 2018, it ranked number five on Metallica's live performance count. Several live albums and video albums include the song. The song was inspired by Ernest Hemingway's 1940 novel of the same name about the dishonor of modern warfare and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954255", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nFor Whom the Bell Tolls For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940. It tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in the International Brigades attached to a republican guerrilla unit during the Spanish Civil War. As a dynamiter, he is assigned to blow up a bridge during an attack on the city of Segovia. The novel is regarded as one of Hemingway's best works, along with \"\"The Sun Also Rises\"\", \"\"A Farewell to Arms\"\", and \"\"The Old Man and the Sea\"\". Ernest Hemingway wrote \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\" in Havana,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19571462", "chunk_text": "\"The Bells (poem)\"\nThe Bells (poem) \"\"The Bells\"\" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem by Edgar Allan Poe which was not published until after his death in 1849. It is perhaps best known for the diacopic use of the word \"\"bells.\"\" The poem has four parts to it; each part becomes darker and darker as the poem progresses from \"\"the jingling and the tinkling\"\" of the bells in part 1 to the \"\"moaning and the groaning\"\" of the bells in part 4. This poem can be interpreted in many different ways, the most basic of which is simply a reflection of the sounds that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13021142", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)\"\nFor Whom the Bell Tolls (film) For Whom the Bell Tolls is a 1943 American war film produced and directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper, Ingrid Bergman, Akim Tamiroff, and Joseph Calleia. The screenwriter Dudley Nichols based his script on the 1940 novel \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\" by American novelist Ernest Hemingway. The film is about an American International Brigades volunteer, Robert Jordan (Cooper), who is fighting in the Spanish Civil War against the fascists. During his desperate mission to blow up a strategically important bridge to protect Republican forces, Jordan falls in love with a young", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954257", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nwar. Set in the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range between Madrid and Segovia, the action takes place during four days and three nights. \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\" became a Book of the Month Club choice, sold half a million copies within months, was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize, and became a literary triumph for Hemingway. Published on 21 October 1940, the first edition print run was 75,000 copies priced at $2.75. The book's title is taken from the metaphysical poet John Donne's series of meditations and prayers on health, pain, and sickness (written while Donne was convalescing from a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15840123", "chunk_text": "\"The Bells (symphony)\"\nThe Bells (symphony) The Bells (, \"\"Kolokola\"\"), Op. 35, is a choral symphony by Sergei Rachmaninoff, written in 1913. The words are from the poem \"\"The Bells\"\" by Edgar Allan Poe, very freely translated into Russian by the symbolist poet Konstantin Balmont. The traditional Gregorian melody \"\"Dies Irae\"\" is used frequently throughout the work. It was one of Rachmaninoff's two favorite compositions, along with his \"\"All-Night Vigil\"\", and is considered by some to be his secular choral masterpiece. Rachmaninoff called the work both a choral symphony and (unofficially) his Third Symphony shortly after writing it; however, he would later write", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9813845", "chunk_text": "\"The Bells (symphony)\"\na letter to Marietta Shaginyan announcing the completion of the work. The Bells (symphony) The Bells (, \"\"Kolokola\"\"), Op. 35, is a choral symphony by Sergei Rachmaninoff, written in 1913. The words are from the poem \"\"The Bells\"\" by Edgar Allan Poe, very freely translated into Russian by the symbolist poet Konstantin Balmont. The traditional Gregorian melody \"\"Dies Irae\"\" is used frequently throughout the work. It was one of Rachmaninoff's two favorite compositions, along with his \"\"All-Night Vigil\"\", and is considered by some to be his secular choral masterpiece. Rachmaninoff called the work both a choral symphony and (unofficially) his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13021150", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)\"\nbroadcast on February 11, 1945, which retained the principal cast from the film: Gary Cooper, Ingrid Bergman, and Akim Tamiroff. For Whom the Bell Tolls (film) For Whom the Bell Tolls is a 1943 American war film produced and directed by Sam Wood and starring Gary Cooper, Ingrid Bergman, Akim Tamiroff, and Joseph Calleia. The screenwriter Dudley Nichols based his script on the 1940 novel \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\" by American novelist Ernest Hemingway. The film is about an American International Brigades volunteer, Robert Jordan (Cooper), who is fighting in the Spanish Civil War against the fascists. During his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15819134", "chunk_text": "\"James S. Holmes\"\nin 1940, extracted the title of his famous novel \"\"For Whom The Bell Tolls\"\":<poem> 'No man is an island entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main; any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind. And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. ' </poem> Many translations in magazines such as: James S. Holmes James Stratton Holmes (Collins, May 2, 1924 - Amsterdam, November 6, 1986) was a Dutch poet and translator. He was born in the United States, in Collins, Iowa,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17110707", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nin 1936. Although Hemingway later claimed (in a 1954 letter to Bernard Berenson) to have completely fabricated the scene, he in fact drew upon the events at Ronda, embellishing the event by imagining an execution line leading up to the cliff face. A number of actual figures that played a role in the Spanish Civil War are also referenced in the book, including: For Whom the Bell Tolls For Whom the Bell Tolls is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1940. It tells the story of Robert Jordan, a young American in the International Brigades attached to a republican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19571468", "chunk_text": "\"The Bells (poem)\"\nform: first movement, slow movement, scherzo, and finale, thus honoring the poem's four sections. (The work is sometimes performed in English, using not Poe's original, but a translation of Balmont's adaptation by Fanny S. Copeland.) The Scottish composer Hugh S. Roberton (1874–1947) published \"\"Hear the Tolling of the Bells\"\" (1909), \"\"The Sledge Bells\"\" (1909), and \"\"Hear the Sledges with the Bells\"\" (1919) based on Poe's poem. Josef Holbrooke composed his \"\"The Bells, Prelude, Op. 50\"\" on Poe's poem, and American folksinger Phil Ochs composed a tune to the poem recorded on his album \"\"All the News That's Fit to Sing\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2862223", "chunk_text": "\"Irving Goff\"\nIrving Goff Irving Goff (1900 - 17 May 1989) was a member of the Communist Party USA and the Abraham Lincoln Battalion, a unit that volunteered to fight during the Spanish Civil War for the Popular Front. During World War II, he was a member of the American Office of Strategic Services, and was instrumental in setting up guerrilla units working behind enemy lines in North Africa and Italy. His exploits as a guerrilla in Spain are considered to be the inspiration for Ernest Hemingway's novel \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\". Irving Goff's parents, of Jewish origin, emigrated from Odessa,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19571467", "chunk_text": "\"The Bells (poem)\"\nLast Poem\"\". Inspiration for the poem is often granted to Marie Louise Shew, a woman who had helped care for Poe's wife Virginia as she lay dying. One day, as Shew was visiting Poe at his cottage in Fordham, New York, Poe needed to write a poem but had no inspiration. Shew allegedly heard ringing bells from afar and playfully suggested to start there, possibly even writing the first line of each stanza. Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873–1943) composed a choral symphony \"\"The Bells\"\", Op. 35, based on a Russian adaptation of the poem by Konstantin Balmont. The symphony follows classical sonata", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3170795", "chunk_text": "\"Song of the Bell\"\nSong of the Bell The \"\"Song of the Bell\"\" (German: \"\"Das Lied von der Glocke\"\", also translated as \"\"The Lay of the Bell\"\") is a poem that the German poet Friedrich Schiller published in 1798. It is one of the most famous poems of German literature and with 430 lines also one of the longest. In it, Schiller combines a knowledgeable technical description of a bell founding with points of view and comments on human life, its possibilities and risks. As a small boy Schiller came in contact with the trade of bell founding because Georg Friderich Neubert, the son", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19571470", "chunk_text": "\"The Bells (poem)\"\nBells\"\" for high soprano and ten instruments, using Poe's text in its entirety although in Dutch. The piece was premiered in London, and has appeared on a CD from Bridge Records, New York. MC Lars, a Nerdcore Hip hop musician sang a complete version of the poem on his 2012 \"\"Edgar Allan Poe EP\"\" titled \"\"(Rock) The Bells\"\". The song may be listened to freely on his Bandcamp page. The Bells (poem) \"\"The Bells\"\" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem by Edgar Allan Poe which was not published until after his death in 1849. It is perhaps best known for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954277", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nSpanish expression of exasperation \"\"me cago en la leche\"\" (which translates to \"\"I shit in the milk\"\") repeatedly recurs throughout the novel, translated by Hemingway as \"\"I obscenity in the milk.\"\" The book is written in the third person limited omniscient narrative mode. The action and dialogue are punctuated by extensive thought sequences told from the viewpoint of Robert Jordan. The novel also contains thought sequences of other characters, including Pilar and Anselmo. The thought sequences are more extensive than in Hemingway's earlier fiction, notably \"\"A Farewell to Arms\"\", and are an important narrative device to explore the principal themes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954256", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nCuba; Key West, Florida; and Sun Valley, Idaho in 1939. In Cuba, he lived in the Hotel Ambos Mundos where he worked on the manuscript. The novel was finished in July 1940 at the InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel in New York City and published in October. It is based on Hemingway's experiences during the Spanish Civil War and features an American protagonist, named Robert Jordan, who fights with Spanish guerillas for the Republicans. The characters in the novel include those who are purely fictional, those based on real people but fictionalized, and those who were actual figures in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954259", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\ncharacters of Robert Jordan and Anselmo. The novel graphically describes the brutality of the civil war in Spain during this time. It is told primarily through the thoughts and experiences of the protagonist, Robert Jordan. It draws on Hemingway's own experiences in the Spanish Civil War as a reporter for the North American Newspaper Alliance. Jordan is an American who had lived in Spain during the pre-war period, and fights as an irregular soldier for the Republic against Francisco Franco's fascist forces. An experienced dynamiter, he is ordered by a Russian general to travel behind enemy lines and destroy a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16923749", "chunk_text": "\"The Bell Buoy\"\nThe Bell Buoy \"\"The Bell Buoy\"\" is a poem by Rudyard Kipling. It was first published with illustrations in \"\"Saturday Review\"\", Christmas Supplement 1896 and then published in McClure's Magazine in February 1897 as \"\"The Bell-Buoy\"\", with illustrations by Oliver Herford. It was also included in the 1903 collection \"\"The Five Nations\"\". Some changes to the wording occurred sometime between the edition in McClure's and when it was collected in \"\"Rudyard Kipling's verse: inclusive edition, 1885-1918\"\" (1919) as \"\"The Bell Buoy\"\". The other changes are minor and some may be the correction of printing errors. T. S. Eliot included the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3946860", "chunk_text": "\"The Sea-Bell\"\nThe Sea-Bell \"\"The Sea-Bell\"\" or \"\"Frodos Dreme\"\" is a poem by J.R.R. Tolkien included in his 1962 collection of verse \"\"The Adventures of Tom Bombadil\"\". The work is based on an earlier poem entitled \"\"Looney\"\", which Tolkien had published in \"\"The Oxford Magazine\"\" in 1934. The 1962 version of the poem is considerably darker than, and twice as long as, the earlier version. Tolkien was initially reluctant to include the work in the collection, feeling that it was out of keeping with the other poems. Although \"\"Looney\"\" was composed long before Tolkien began work on \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7491122", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Beat Tolls\"\nFor Whom the Beat Tolls For Whom the Beat Tolls (a play on the Ernest Hemingway novel 'For Whom the Bell Tolls', which itself is drawn from \"\"Meditation XVII\"\" of \"\"Devotions upon Emergent Occasions\"\", a series of essays by metaphysical poet John Donne) is the eighth studio album by rapper Canibus, released through Mic Club Music on May 29, 2007 in the United States and June 5 worldwide. It features the new \"\"Poet Laureate Infinity\"\" concept, which involves mixing 200 bar layers with corresponding ones in order to create various subject matter, rhymes and overall sound. The album leaked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954258", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nnearly fatal illness) published in 1624 as \"\"Devotions upon Emergent Occasions\"\", specifically . Hemingway quotes part of the meditation (using Donne's original spelling) in the book's epigraph, which in turn refers to the practice of funeral tolling: The point made by the choice of this title and epigraph is that the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939, a major topic of debate in Western intellectual and political circles, is not of importance only to Spaniards; it matters to everyone. Furthermore, the title and epigraph can be interpreted as a reference to the themes of death within the novel, particularly between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954274", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nof chapter thirteen. Jordan and María have sex in a meadow in the forest. He feels \"\"the earth move out and away from under them.\"\" Then afterwards he asks María, \"\"Did thee feel the earth move?\"\", to which she responds affirmatively. Variants of this phrase have become a cultural cliché, often used humorously. Since its publication, the prose style and dialogue in Hemingway's novel have been the source of controversy and some negative critical reaction. For example, Edmund Wilson, in a tepid review, noted the encumbrance of \"\"a strange atmosphere of literary medievalism\"\" in the relationship between Robert Jordan and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13021143", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls (film)\"\nwoman guerrilla fighter (Bergman). \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\" was Ingrid Bergman's first Technicolor film. Hemingway handpicked Cooper and Bergman for their roles. The film became the top box-office hit of 1943, earning $7.1 million. It was also nominated for nine Academy Awards, winning one. Victor Young's film soundtrack for the film was the first complete score from an American film to be issued on record. During the Spanish Civil War, an American language teacher, Robert Jordan (Gary Cooper), who lived in Spain during the pre-war period, fights in the International Brigades against Francisco Franco's forces. An experienced dynamiter, Jordan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10963059", "chunk_text": "\"Gustavo Durán\"\nBaron Henry Walston. Durán and Bontë were the parents of Cheli Durán Ryan, an author of children's books; Lucy Durán, ethnomusicologist; and Jane Duran, poet. His figure inspired Hemingway's \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\", Andre Malraux's \"\"L'Espoir\"\". and Max Aub's \"\"Campo de Sangre\"\". Horacio Vázquez-Rial wrote \"\"El soldado de porcelana\"\" about him. Gustavo Durán Gustavo Durán Martínez (1906–1969) was a Spanish composer, Lieutenant Colonel in the Spanish military, diplomat and United Nations official. Born in Barcelona, Spain in 1906, he moved with his family to Madrid at the age of four, and studied music. During his piano studies he befriended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3723201", "chunk_text": "\"Ring Out, Wild Bells\"\nRing Out, Wild Bells \"\"Ring Out, Wild Bells\"\" is a poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Published in 1850, the year he was appointed Poet Laureate, it forms part of \"\"In Memoriam\"\", Tennyson's elegy to Arthur Henry Hallam, his sister's fiancé who died at the age of twenty-two. According to a story widely held in Waltham Abbey, and repeated on many websites (see two examples below), the 'wild bells' in question were the bells of the Abbey Church. According to the local story, Tennyson was staying at High Beach in the vicinity and heard the bells being rung on New Year's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954271", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nRepublic.'\"\" Divination emerges as an alternative means of perception. Pilar, \"\"Pablo's woman,\"\" is a reader of palms and more. When Robert Jordan questions her true abilities, she replies, \"\"Because thou art a miracle of deafness... It is not that thou art stupid. Thou art simply deaf. One who is deaf cannot hear music. Neither can he hear the radio. So he might say, never having heard them, that such things do not exist.\"\" Hemingway frequently used images to produce the dense atmosphere of violence and death his books are renowned for; the main image of \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14744957", "chunk_text": "\"Song of the Bell\"\nSorbian, Romanian, etc., not counting all the translations into various German dialects. Song of the Bell The \"\"Song of the Bell\"\" (German: \"\"Das Lied von der Glocke\"\", also translated as \"\"The Lay of the Bell\"\") is a poem that the German poet Friedrich Schiller published in 1798. It is one of the most famous poems of German literature and with 430 lines also one of the longest. In it, Schiller combines a knowledgeable technical description of a bell founding with points of view and comments on human life, its possibilities and risks. As a small boy Schiller came in contact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3634009", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Cooper\"\nreported that Velez consented to Cooper's sexual behavior with Lawler, but only as long as she, too, could participate. Cooper's twenty-year friendship with Ernest Hemingway began at Sun Valley in October 1940. The previous year, Hemingway drew upon Cooper's image when he created the character of Robert Jordan for the novel \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\". The two shared a passion for the outdoors, and for years they hunted duck and pheasant, and skied together in Sun Valley. Both men admired the work of Rudyard Kipling—Cooper kept a copy of the poem \"\"If—\"\" in his dressing room—and retained as adults", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11885634", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Hartwick Thorpe\"\nfire trucks and city website show the symbol of a bell reading \"\"Curfew Shall Not Ring Tonight.\"\" A bell in the center of Litchfield commemorates the poem and Thorpe's time spent in the town. Rose Hartwick Thorpe Rose Hartwick Thorpe (July 18, 1850 – July 19, 1939) was an American poet and writer, remembered largely for the narrative poem, \"\"Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight\"\" (1867), which gained national popularity. It was translated into nearly every language of the world, and was universally recognized as a veritable classic. Other poems followed, among them being \"\"The Station Agent's Story,\"\" \"\"Red Cross,\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5513229", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Hale Merriman\"\nsucceeded as battalion commander, and returned to the same ground a few months after Merriman's death during the Battle of the Ebro on 26 July while trying to recapture Gandesa. The 6'4\"\" Merriman is believed to be have been the inspiration for Robert Jordan in Ernest Hemingway's \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\". Merriman and Hemingway briefly met in Madrid, and Hemingway was \"\"deeply impressed\"\" with the young idealist. Robert Hale Merriman Robert Hale Merriman (November 17, 1908 – ) was an American doctoral student who fought with the Republican forces in Spain during the Spanish Civil War. He was killed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10565458", "chunk_text": "\"Fare Thee Well (poem)\"\nFare Thee Well (poem) \"\"Fare Thee Well\"\" is an 1816 poem by George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, known as Lord Byron. Lord Byron married and fathered a child with Annabella Milbanke in 1815, but they separated in 1816. In March of that year, Byron composed \"\"Fare Thee Well\"\" and enclosed a note that said, \"\"Dearest Bell --- I send you the first verses that ever I attempted to write upon you, and perhaps the last that I may ever write at all.\"\" In April he signed a Deed of Separation and added the following notation . . . Byron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12591762", "chunk_text": "\"Ride the Lightning\"\nby Hammett's soloing. According to Hetfield, the song was not a criticism of capital punishment, but a tale of a man sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit, as in the opening lyrics: \"\"Guilty as charged/But Damn it/It ain't right\"\". \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\" begins with a bell tolling, followed by a marching riff and high-register bass melody. The chromatic introduction, which Burton wrote before he joined Metallica, is often mistaken for an electric guitar but is actually Burton's bass guitar augmented with distortion and a wah-wah pedal. The lyrics were inspired by Ernest Hemingway's 1940", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4302644", "chunk_text": "\"Poems by Edgar Allan Poe\"\ndeath, \"\"The Bells\"\" is a heavily onomatopoeic poem known for its repetition. \"\"The Beloved Physician\"\" was written around April 1847 for Mary-Louise Shew, a nurse who also inspired Poe's more famous poem, \"\"The Bells\"\". The poem was originally ten stanzas long, although a version with nine stanzas was supposedly prepared by Poe for publication . It was never printed during his lifetime, and it now appears to be lost. Shew was able to recall about a tenth of a poem in a letter to editor John W. Ingham in 1875; these fragments were published in 1909, and appear to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16934393", "chunk_text": "\"Faith of My Fathers\"\nexperiences until the 1995 publication of Robert Timberg's \"\"The Nightingale's Song\"\". After that book found critical praise, Timberg's literary agent tried to persuade McCain to write his own memoir on the subject; he was reluctant until she suggested he fold in the stories of his father and grandfather as well. Publisher Random House paid McCain $500,000 for a two-book advance. Half went to McCain and half to Salter, McCain's longtime legislative aide. The book's themes were heavily influenced by McCain's literary tastes, such as Ernest Hemingway's \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\", and its tone by Salter's gloomy view of human", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15191181", "chunk_text": "\"Herman Hupfeld\"\nhad been given the part of Maria in Paramount's \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\" and had cut her hair for the part, it would not have been possible to reshoot any of her scenes with the song being performed, or to have her request that Sam play a different song. Herman Hupfeld Herman Hupfeld (February 1, 1894June 8, 1951) was an American songwriter whose most notable composition was \"\"As Time Goes By\"\". He wrote both the lyrics and music. Hupfeld was born in Montclair, New Jersey, the son of Fredericka (Rader), a church organist, and Charles Ludwig Hupfeld. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16688272", "chunk_text": "\"Carl Michael Bellman\"\nCarl Michael Bellman Carl Michael Bellman (; 4 February 1740 – 11 February 1795) was a Swedish songwriter, composer, musician, poet and entertainer. He is a central figure in the Swedish song tradition and remains a powerful influence in Swedish music, as well as in Scandinavian literature, to this day. He has been compared to Shakespeare, Beethoven, Mozart, and Hogarth, but his gift, using elegantly rococo classical references in comic contrast to sordid drinking and prostitution—at once regretted and celebrated in song—is unique. Bellman is best known for two collections of poems set to music, \"\"Fredman's songs\"\" (\"\"Fredmans sånger\"\") and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17385661", "chunk_text": "\"William Aalto\"\nthe destruction of the main supply bridge spanning the Albarracín River. The operation may have been the inspiration for Ernest Hemingway's novel \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\". At the end of 1937, Aalto took part in the Battle of Teruel, working behind enemy lines again with Kunslich, Goff and Spanish guerrillas. On May 23, 1938, Aalto, now a lieutenant, led the successful amphibious operation at Carchuna, Motril on the southern coast of Spain, which resulted in the rescue of 300 Republican prisoners held in the Fort of Carchuna. This raid constitutes the only operation of its kind ever undertaken by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12295572", "chunk_text": "\"Ode of Remembrance\"\nthe sun ... we will remember them.\"\" The bells were to be rung 100 times in recognition of the 100 years having passed. Sir Edward Elgar set to music three of Binyon's poems (\"\"The Fourth of August\"\", \"\"To Women\"\", and \"\"For the Fallen\"\", published within the collection \"\"The Winnowing Fan\"\") as \"\"The Spirit of England\"\", Op. 80, for tenor or soprano solo, chorus, and orchestra (1917). His setting of \"\"For the Fallen\"\" sparked some controversy as it was published after another setting of the same poem by the composer Cyril Rootham in 1915. Neither composer was responsible for this, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "467096", "chunk_text": "\"The Bells of Notre Dame\"\nThe Bells of Notre Dame \"\"The Bells of Notre Dame\"\" is a song from the 1996 Disney film, \"\"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\"\", composed by Alan Menken, with lyrics by Stephen Schwartz. It is sung at the beginning of the film by the clown-like gypsy, Clopin. It is set mainly in the key of D minor. (However, the movie is edited up a semitone, therefore playing this piece in E-flat minor.) The song bears some similarity to the poem \"\"The Bells\"\" by Edgar Allan Poe, especially the repetition of the word \"\"bells\"\" during the crescendo. The song is reprised at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11885628", "chunk_text": "\"Rose Hartwick Thorpe\"\nRose Hartwick Thorpe Rose Hartwick Thorpe (July 18, 1850 – July 19, 1939) was an American poet and writer, remembered largely for the narrative poem, \"\"Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight\"\" (1867), which gained national popularity. It was translated into nearly every language of the world, and was universally recognized as a veritable classic. Other poems followed, among them being \"\"The Station Agent's Story,\"\" \"\"Red Cross,\"\" and \"\"In a Mining Town.\"\" Although a busy and prolific author, she was ill for some years. In 1888, she and her family removed to San Diego, California, living in Rosemere, Pacific Beach. Rose Alnora", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954266", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nJoaquín serves as an example of this theme; having learned of this tragedy, Joaquín's comrades embrace and comfort him, saying they now are his family. Surrounding this love for one's comrades is the love for the Spanish soil. A love of place, of the senses, and of life itself is represented by the pine needle forest floor—both at the beginning and, poignantly, at the end of the novel—when Robert Jordan awaits his death feeling \"\"his heart beating against the pine needle floor of the forest.\"\" Suicide always looms as an alternative to suffering, since likely if captured as prisoners they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14765185", "chunk_text": "\"Ernest Hemingway\"\nprimary summer residence to Ketchum, Idaho, just outside the newly built resort of Sun Valley, and his winter residence to Cuba. Hemingway, who had been disgusted when a Parisian friend allowed his cats to eat from the table, became enamored of cats in Cuba, keeping dozens of them on the property. Gellhorn inspired him to write his most famous novel, \"\"For Whom the Bell Tolls,\"\" which he started in March 1939 and finished in July 1940. It was published in October 1940. Consistent with his pattern of moving around while working on a manuscript, he wrote \"\"For Whom the Bell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14791823", "chunk_text": "\"Ding Dong Bell\"\nDing Dong Bell \"\"Ding Dong Bell\"\" or \"\"Ding Dong Dell\"\" is a popular English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 12853. The most common modern version is: The earliest recorded reference to the rhyme is from John Lant, the organist of Winchester Cathedral in 1580, who recorded the following rhyme: It was printed in Thomas Ravenscroft's \"\"Pammelia, Musicks Miscellanie\"\" in 1609, as a canon for four voices. The phrase 'Ding, dong, bell' also appears in these passages of Shakespeare's plays: The Tempest\"\", Act I, Scene II: The Merchant of Venice\"\", Act III, Scene II:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10565459", "chunk_text": "\"Fare Thee Well (poem)\"\nleft England and never saw his wife or daughter again. Fare Thee Well (poem) \"\"Fare Thee Well\"\" is an 1816 poem by George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, known as Lord Byron. Lord Byron married and fathered a child with Annabella Milbanke in 1815, but they separated in 1816. In March of that year, Byron composed \"\"Fare Thee Well\"\" and enclosed a note that said, \"\"Dearest Bell --- I send you the first verses that ever I attempted to write upon you, and perhaps the last that I may ever write at all.\"\" In April he signed a Deed of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20954267", "chunk_text": "\"For Whom the Bell Tolls\"\nwould be tortured. Many of the characters, including Robert Jordan, would prefer death over capture and are prepared to kill themselves, be killed, or kill to avoid it. As the book ends, Robert Jordan, wounded and unable to travel with his companions, awaits a final ambush that will end his life. He prepares himself against the cruel outcomes of suicide to avoid capture, or inevitable torture for the extraction of information and death at the hands of the enemy. Still, he hopes to avoid suicide partly because his father, whom he views as a coward, committed suicide. Robert Jordan understands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11057085", "chunk_text": "\"Idris Davies\"\nIdris Davies Idris Davies (6 January 1905 – 6 April 1953) was a Welsh poet. Born in Rhymney, near Merthyr Tydfil in South Wales, Davies was the Welsh-speaking son of colliery chief winderman (mine lift operator) Evan Davies and his wife Elizabeth Ann. Davies became a poet, originally writing in Welsh, but later writing exclusively in English. He was the only poet to cover significant events of the early 20th century in the South Wales Valleys and the South Wales Coalfield, and from a perspective literally at the coalface. He is now best known for the verses \"\"Bells of Rhymney\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3946861", "chunk_text": "\"The Sea-Bell\"\nthe 1962 version is subtitled \"\"Frodos Dreme\"\". Tolkien's mock-academic introduction to the collection suggests that, although the poem may not have been composed by Frodo Baggins, it was associated with him by its readers and reflects the dark dreams that plagued him in his final days in the Shire. The poem is a first person narrative by a speaker who is never identified in the main body of the poem. The rhyme scheme and metre are highly elaborate. \"\"The Sea-Bell\"\" opens with the speaker coming across a white shell \"\"like a sea-bell\"\" as he walks by the shore. He hears", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16923750", "chunk_text": "\"The Bell Buoy\"\npoem in his 1941 collection \"\"A Choice of Kipling's Verse\"\". The Bell Buoy \"\"The Bell Buoy\"\" is a poem by Rudyard Kipling. It was first published with illustrations in \"\"Saturday Review\"\", Christmas Supplement 1896 and then published in McClure's Magazine in February 1897 as \"\"The Bell-Buoy\"\", with illustrations by Oliver Herford. It was also included in the 1903 collection \"\"The Five Nations\"\". Some changes to the wording occurred sometime between the edition in McClure's and when it was collected in \"\"Rudyard Kipling's verse: inclusive edition, 1885-1918\"\" (1919) as \"\"The Bell Buoy\"\". The other changes are minor and some may be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20211015", "chunk_text": "\"The Lamplighter (poem)\"\nsentimentally upholds gas lamps against electric lights, describing electric light as \"\"that ugly blinding glare\"\" and \"\"a lamp for a nightmare.\"\" In the same essay, he describes the lamplighter as one punching holes in the night and as one worthy of being immortalized in a Greek myth, but one whose task has been overtaken by automatic electric ignition of the gas lights. Because Penny Whistles was published 4 years later, it may represent a similar theme. The Lamplighter (poem) The Lamplighter is a poem by Robert Louis Stevenson published in 1885 in Penny Whistles (better known today as A Child's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3224	where did the idea of a unicorn come from?	n/a	[ "Greek writers of natural history" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10027822", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nEurope, Asia and North Africa—or derivatives of aurochs, because the animal is always shown in profile, indicating there may have supposed to have been another horn, which is not seen. Unicorns are not found in Greek mythology, but rather in the accounts of natural history, for Greek writers of natural history were convinced of the reality of unicorns, which they believed lived in India, a distant and fabulous realm for them. The earliest description is from Ctesias, who in his book \"\"Indika\"\" (\"\"On India\"\") described them as wild asses, fleet of foot, having a horn a cubit and a half", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4129460", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nUnicorn The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead. The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers, including Ctesias, Strabo, Pliny the Younger, and Aelian. The Bible also describes an animal, the re'em, which some versions translate as \"\"unicorn\"\". In European folklore, the unicorn is often depicted as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a long horn and cloven hooves (sometimes a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14378445", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nthe body of a deer, the head of a lion, green scales and a long forwardly-curved horn. The Japanese version (\"\"kirin\"\") more closely resembles the Western unicorn, even though it is based on the Chinese \"\"qilin\"\". The Quẻ Ly of Vietnamese myth, similarly sometimes mistranslated \"\"unicorn\"\" is a symbol of wealth and prosperity that made its first appearance during the Duong Dynasty, about 600 CE, to Emperor Duong Cao To, after a military victory which resulted in his conquest of Tây Nguyên. In November 2012 the History Institute of the DPRK Academy of Social Sciences, as well as the Korea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10883520", "chunk_text": "\"W. Franklin Dove\"\nin 1923, and his Ph.D. in 1927. The horn of the unicorn dates back all the way to ancient times where they were sought after by kings and queens because they were believed to have magical powers as an antidote against poisons. The typical description in the mythology of a unicorn would have the head and neck and the fine-boned, graceful legs of the horse; the beard and divided hooves of the Capridae; (part of the Artiodactyla family) the tail of the oryx; and a single spike spiraling from the forehead. The artificial production of unicorns has been suggested a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20500205", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn horn\"\nUnicorn horn A unicorn horn, also known as an alicorn, is a legendary object whose reality was accepted in Europe and Asia from the earliest recorded times. This \"\"horn\"\" comes from the imaginary creature known as a unicorn, also known in the Hebrew Bible as a re'em or wild ox. Many healing powers and antidotal virtues were attributed to the alicorn, making it one of the most expensive and reputable remedies during the Renaissance, and justifying its use in the highest circles. Beliefs related to the alicorn influenced alchemy through spagyric medicine. The horn's purificational properties were eventually put to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20500193", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn horn\"\nUnicorn horn A unicorn horn, also known as an alicorn, is a legendary object whose reality was accepted in Europe and Asia from the earliest recorded times. This \"\"horn\"\" comes from the imaginary creature known as a unicorn, also known in the Hebrew Bible as a re'em or wild ox. Many healing powers and antidotal virtues were attributed to the alicorn, making it one of the most expensive and reputable remedies during the Renaissance, and justifying its use in the highest circles. Beliefs related to the alicorn influenced alchemy through spagyric medicine. The horn's purificational properties were eventually put to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20904361", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn horn\"\nCharles the Bold. The legendary unicorn could never be captured alive, but its symbolic association with virginity made it the symbol of innocence and the incarnation of God's Word. Belief in the power of the alicorn persisted until the 16th century, when the true source, the narwhal, was discovered. This marine mammal is the true bearer of the alicorn, actually an extended tooth found in the mouth of males and some females. Since then, the unicorn horn has been mentioned in fantasy works, role-playing games, and video games, which make use of its legendary symbolism. Around 400 BCE, the unicorn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8936497", "chunk_text": "Abath\nAbath An Abath is a mythical creature resembling a unicorn, first appearing in records in the 16th century. Accounts of the Abath were brought back by 16th-century European travellers to the Malay Peninsula. Described as female, with a single horn growing from its forehead, it is speculated that these were probably the result of a half-glimpsed Javan or Sumatran rhinoceros. Like the unicorn, a powder made from this horn supposedly served both as an aphrodisiac and as an antidote to poison. However, since the unicorn was invariably represented as male, and since there was only ever one in existence at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4537229", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn horn\"\nwas described by Ctesias, according to Photius, as carrying a horn which princes would use to make hanaps to protect against poison. Claudius Aelianus said that drinking from this horn protects against diseases and poisons. These writings influenced authors from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance: the unicorn becomes the most important and frequently mentioned fantastic animal in the West, but it was considered real. Other parts of its body were alleged to have medicinal properties, and in the 12th century abbess Hildegard of Bingen recommended an ointment against leprosy made from unicorn liver and egg yolk. Wearing a unicorn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10027847", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nThe creature is lived at Honest-head Mountain. Guo Pu in his \"\"jiangfu\"\" said that \"\"Bo\"\"-horse able to walk on water. Another similar creature also mentioned in Shanhaijing (80) to live in Mount Winding-Centre as \"\"Bo\"\" (), but with black tail, tiger's teeth and claws, and also devour leopards and tigers. Unicorn The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead. The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4129471", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nwere very precious in the Middle Ages and were often really the tusks of narwhals. One traditional method of hunting unicorns involved entrapment by a virgin. In one of his notebooks Leonardo da Vinci wrote: The unicorn, through its intemperance and not knowing how to control itself, for the love it bears to fair maidens forgets its ferocity and wildness; and laying aside all fear it will go up to a seated damsel and go to sleep in her lap, and thus the hunters take it. The famous late Gothic series of seven tapestry hangings \"\"The Hunt of the Unicorn\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8936498", "chunk_text": "Abath\nany time, the Abath seems to have developed independently from the European myths of the one-horned creature. Abath An Abath is a mythical creature resembling a unicorn, first appearing in records in the 16th century. Accounts of the Abath were brought back by 16th-century European travellers to the Malay Peninsula. Described as female, with a single horn growing from its forehead, it is speculated that these were probably the result of a half-glimpsed Javan or Sumatran rhinoceros. Like the unicorn, a powder made from this horn supposedly served both as an aphrodisiac and as an antidote to poison. However, since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4994984", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nand sound\"\". A one-horned animal (which may be just a bull in profile) is found on some seals from the Indus Valley Civilisation. Seals with such a design are thought to be a mark of high social rank. Medieval knowledge of the fabulous beast stemmed from biblical and ancient sources, and the creature was variously represented as a kind of wild ass, goat, or horse. The predecessor of the medieval bestiary, compiled in Late Antiquity and known as \"\"Physiologus\"\" (\"\"Φυσιολόγος\"\"), popularized an elaborate allegory in which a unicorn, trapped by a maiden (representing the Virgin Mary), stood for the Incarnation.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7796159", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nIndicopleustes, a merchant of Alexandria who lived in the 6th century, made a voyage to India and subsequently wrote works on cosmography. He gives a description of a unicorn based on four brass figures in the palace of the King of Ethiopia. He states, from report, that \"\"it is impossible to take this ferocious beast alive; and that all its strength lies in its horn. When it finds itself pursued and in danger of capture, it throws itself from a precipice, and turns so aptly in falling, that it receives all the shock upon the horn, and so escapes safe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2937795", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunt of the Unicorn\"\nThe vibrant colours, still evident today, were produced from dye plants: weld (yellow), madder (red), and woad (blue). First recorded in 1680 in the Paris home of the de la Rochefoucauld family, the tapestries were looted at the French Revolution. Rediscovered in a barn in the 1850s, they were hung at the family's Château de Verteuil. Since then they have been the subject of intense scholarly debate about the meaning of their iconography, the identity of the artists who designed them, and the sequence in which they were meant to be hung. Although various theories have been put forward, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3787075", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunt of the Unicorn\"\nThe Hunt of the Unicorn The Hunt of the Unicorn, or the Unicorn Tapestries, is one of the most famous and spectacular but enigmatic survivors of the late Middle Ages. This series of seven tapestries now in The Cloisters in New York was possibly made – or at least designed – in Paris at the turn of the sixteenth century. They are one of the canonical works of late medieval/early Renaissance art and show a group of noblemen and hunters in pursuit of a unicorn through an idealised French landscape. The tapestries were woven in wool, metallic threads, and silk.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1365575", "chunk_text": "\"Winged unicorn\"\nWinged unicorn A winged unicorn (or flying unicorn) is a fictional horse with wings like Pegasus and the horn of a unicorn. This creature has no specific name, but in some literature and media, it has been referred to as an alicorn, a Latin word for the horn of a unicorn, especially in alchemical texts, or as a pegacorn, a portmanteau of pegasus and unicorn. Winged unicorns have been depicted in art. Ancient Achaemenid Assyrian seals depict winged unicorns and winged bulls as representing evil, but winged unicorns can also represent light. Irish poet W. B. Yeats wrote of imagining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5760411", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\non the grounds of realism, as no one now believed the unicorn to be a real animal. Shakespeare scholars describe unicorns being captured by a hunter standing in front of a tree, the unicorn goaded into charging; the hunter would step aside the last moment and the unicorn would embed its horn deeply into the tree (See annotations of Timon of Athens, Act 4, scene 3, c. line 341: \"\"wert thou the unicorn, pride and wrath would confound thee and make thine own self the conquest of thy fury\"\".) In heraldry, a unicorn is often depicted as a horse with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13175881", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Unicorn\"\n\"\"it was hard every step of the way\"\". Beagle came up with the idea for the novel in 1962 while on an \"\"artistic retreat\"\" in Berkshire Hills after Viking Press rejected his novel, \"\"The Mirror Kingdom\"\". He stated that though the idea for the novel was \"\"just suddenly there\"\", he also said that he had \"\"read tons of fantasy and mythology\"\" from childhood, and that his mother told him that he had shared a story about unicorns during a visit to one of the elementary school classes she taught. He also mentioned that he loved the book \"\"The Colt from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20500198", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn horn\"\nknown as \"\"unicorn horns\"\". The first post-classical reference to the cleansing power of the unicorn appears in an interpretation of the \"\"Physiologus\"\" (dated perhaps to the 14th century), when reference is made to a large lake where animals congregate to drink: This theme became very popular, and in 1389 Father Johann van Hesse claimed to have seen a unicorn emerge at sunrise to decontaminate the contaminated water of the River Marah, so that the good animals could drink. Symbolically, the snake that poisons the water is the devil and the unicorn represents Christ the Redeemer. The origin of this legend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17972029", "chunk_text": "\"Startup company\"\ntheir dogs to work. Some startups become big and they become unicorns, i.e. privately held startup companies valued at over $1 billion. The term was coined in 2013 by venture capitalist Aileen Lee, choosing the mythical animal to represent the statistical rarity of such successful ventures. According to \"\"TechCrunch\"\", there were 279 unicorns as of March 2018, and most of the unicorns are in China, followed by the USA. The unicorns are concentrated in a few countries: China (131), US (76), India (14), UK (7), Indonesia (4), Singapore (3), Switzerland (2), South Korea (2), Hong Kong (2), and 13 countries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9435391", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn (Dungeons & Dragons)\"\nUnicorn (Dungeons & Dragons) In the \"\"Dungeons & Dragons\"\" fantasy role-playing game, a unicorn is a mysterious, majestic magical beast, adapted from the mythical Unicorn, and has appeared in \"\"Dungeons & Dragons\"\" since its early editions. It resembles an imposing and beautiful white horse, with glowing eyes, a silky mane and tail, and the stereotypical spiraling, shell-shaped horn coming from its forehead. Unlike horses, they have cloven hooves, and males have a goat's beard. The unicorn was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the \"\"Dungeons & Dragons\"\" \"\"white box\"\" set (1974), where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4994985", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nAs soon as the unicorn sees her, it lays its head on her lap and falls asleep. This became a basic emblematic tag that underlies medieval notions of the unicorn, justifying its appearance in every form of religious art. Interpretations of the unicorn myth focus on the medieval lore of beguiled lovers, whereas some religious writers interpret the unicorn and its death as the Passion of Christ. The myths refer to a beast with one horn that can only be tamed by a virgin; subsequently, some writers translated this into an allegory for Christ's relationship with the Virgin Mary. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13586839", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\na goat's cloven hooves and beard, a lion's tail, and a slender, spiral horn on its forehead (non-equine attributes may be replaced with equine ones, as can be seen from the following gallery). Whether because it was an emblem of the Incarnation or of the fearsome animal passions of raw nature, the unicorn was not widely used in early heraldry, but became popular from the 15th century. Though sometimes shown collared and chained, which may be taken as an indication that it has been tamed or tempered, it is more usually shown collared with a broken chain attached, showing that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7796164", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nin mud and slime. They are very ugly brutes to look at. They are not at all such as we describe them when we relate that they let themselves be captured by virgins, but clean contrary to our notions.\"\" It is clear that Marco Polo was describing a rhinoceros. In German, since the 16th century, \"\"Einhorn\"\" (\"\"one-horn\"\") has become a descriptor of the various species of rhinoceros. The horn itself and the substance it was made of was called alicorn, and it was believed that the horn holds magical and medicinal properties. The Danish physician Ole Worm determined in 1638", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5092990", "chunk_text": "\"Winged unicorn\"\na winged beast that he associated with ecstatic destruction. The beast took the form of a winged unicorn in his 1907 play \"\"The Unicorn from the Stars\"\" and later that of the rough beast slouching towards Bethlehem in his poem \"\"The Second Coming\"\". Winged unicorn A winged unicorn (or flying unicorn) is a fictional horse with wings like Pegasus and the horn of a unicorn. This creature has no specific name, but in some literature and media, it has been referred to as an alicorn, a Latin word for the horn of a unicorn, especially in alchemical texts, or as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14378444", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nthe unicorn. However, some rabbis in the Talmud debate the proposition that the \"\"Tahash\"\" animal (Exodus 25, 26, 35, 36 and 39; Numbers 4; and Ezekiel 16:10) was a domestic, single-horned kosher creature that existed in Moses' time, or that it was similar to the \"\"keresh\"\" animal described in Morris Jastrow's Talmudic dictionary as \"\"a kind of antelope, unicorn\"\". The \"\"qilin\"\" (), a creature in Chinese mythology, is sometimes called \"\"the Chinese unicorn\"\", and some ancient accounts describe a single horn as its defining feature. However, it is more accurately described as a that looks less unicorn than chimera, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7965343", "chunk_text": "Paleoart\narrival of a new source of information, such as a speculated discovery of plesiosaur fossils in quarries of the historic Swabia region of Bavaria. Eighteenth century skeletal reconstructions of another mythical creature, the unicorn, are thought to have been inspired by Ice Age mammoth and rhinoceros bones found in a cave near Quedlinburg, Germany, in 1663. These artworks are of uncertain origin and may have been created by Otto von Guericke, the German naturalist who first described the \"\"unicorn\"\" remains in his writings, or Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, the author who published the image posthumously in 1749. This rendering represents the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464452", "chunk_text": "\"The Lion and the Unicorn\"\nThe Lion and the Unicorn The Lion and the Unicorn are symbols of the United Kingdom. They are, properly speaking, heraldic supporters appearing in the full royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom. The lion stands for England and the unicorn for Scotland. The combination therefore dates back to the 1603 accession of James I of England who was already James VI of Scotland. By extension, they have also been used in the arms of Canada since 1921. The traditional legend of enmity between the two heraldic animals is recorded in a nursery rhyme which has a Roud Folk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2684498", "chunk_text": "\"The Unicorn in the Garden\"\nThe Unicorn in the Garden \"\"The Unicorn in the Garden\"\" is a short story written by James Thurber. One of the most famous of Thurber's humorous modern fables, it first appeared in \"\"The New Yorker\"\" on October 21, 1939; and was first collected in his book \"\"Fables for Our Time and Famous Poems Illustrated\"\" (Harper and Brothers, 1940). The fable has since been reprinted in \"\"The Thurber Carnival\"\" (Harper and Brothers, 1945), \"\"James Thurber: Writings and Drawings\"\" (The Library of America, 1996, ), \"\"The Oxford Book of Modern Fairy Tales\"\", and other publications. It is taught in literature and rhetoric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9412587", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\nit has broken free from its bondage. In heraldry the unicorn is best known as the symbol of Scotland. The unicorn was chosen because it was seen as a proud and haughty beast which would rather die than be captured, just as Scots would fight to remain sovereign and unconquered. Two unicorns supported the royal arms of the King of Scots, and since the 1707 union of England and Scotland, the royal arms of the United Kingdom have been supported by a unicorn along with an English lion. Two versions of the royal arms exist: that used in Scotland gives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12383414", "chunk_text": "Narwhal\nmay also be associated with increased sea ice entrapment. In Inuit legend, the narwhal's tusk was created when a woman with a harpoon rope tied around her waist was dragged into the ocean after the harpoon had struck a large narwhal. She was transformed into a narwhal, and her hair, which she was wearing in a twisted knot, became the characteristic spiral narwhal tusk. Some medieval Europeans believed narwhal tusks to be the horns from the legendary unicorn. As these horns were considered to have magic powers, such as neutralising poison and curing melancholia, Vikings and other northern traders were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "523295", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn (finance)\"\nUnicorn (finance) A unicorn is a privately held startup company valued at over $1 billion. The term was coined in 2013 by venture capitalist Aileen Lee, choosing the mythical animal to represent the statistical rarity of such successful ventures. A \"\"decacorn\"\" is a word used for those companies over $10 billion, while \"\"hectocorn\"\" is the appropriate term for such a company valued over $100 billion. According to \"\"TechCrunch\"\", there were 279 unicorns . The largest unicorns included Ant Financial, Didi Chuxing, Uber, Xiaomi, Airbnb, Palantir, and Pinterest. Dropbox is the most recent decacorn that turned into a public company on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4537227", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn horn\"\nthe test in, for example, the book of Ambroise Paré, \"\"Discourse on unicorn\"\". Seen as one of the most valuable assets that a person could possess, unicorn horns were given as diplomatic gifts, and chips and dust from them could be purchased at apothecaries as universal antidotes until the 18th century. Sections of horns were later displayed in cabinets of curiosities. The horn was used to create sceptres and other royal objects, such as the unicorn throne of the Danish kings, the sceptre and imperial crown of the Austrian Empire, and the scabbard and the hilt of the sword of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10777056", "chunk_text": "Narwhal\nThe tusks were staples of the cabinet of curiosities. European knowledge of the tusk's origin developed gradually during the Age of Exploration, as explorers and naturalists began to visit Arctic regions themselves. The narwhal was one of two possible explanations of the giant sea phenomenon written by Jules Verne in his 1870 novel \"\"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea\"\". Verne thought that it would be unlikely that there was such a gigantic narwhal in existence. The size of the narwhal, or \"\"unicorn of the sea\"\", as found by Verne, would have been . For the narwhal to have caused the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17338504", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn horn\"\nseems Indian, and Greek texts report that Indian nobles drank out of unicorn horns to protect themselves from diseases and poisons. The unicorn is most often represented beside a river, lake or fountain, while animals wait for him to finish his work before drinking. This scene is common in the art of the 16th and 17th centuries. Studies and translations of these drawings and stories popularized the belief that the power of the animal came from its horn, which could neutralize the poison as soon as the liquid or solid touched the alicorn piece. The alleged properties of the alicorn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18857377", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn Variation\"\nUnicorn Variation \"\"Unicorn Variation\"\" is a 1981 fantasy story by Roger Zelazny. It was first published in \"\"Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine\"\". In an abandoned saloon, a man and a unicorn play chess. \"\"Unicorn Variation\"\" won the 1982 Hugo Award for Best Novelette, and was ranked second for 1982's Locus Award for Best Novelette. The Japanese version won the 1984 Seiun Award for Best Translated Short Story. In his 1983 collection \"\"Unicorn Variations\"\", Zelazny explained the story's origin: he had been approached by Gardner Dozois, who was soliciting content for an anthology of stories about unicorns. Subsequently, he was approached", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6018106", "chunk_text": "\"The Secret of the Unicorn\"\nfrom the \"\"Le Reale de France\"\" that he gained a basis for his design of the \"\"Unicorn\"\" jolly boat. No ship named the \"\"Unicorn\"\" was listed in the annals of the French Navy, but Hergé instead took the name from a British frigate which had been active in the mid-18th century; the fictional ship's unicorn figurehead was also adopted from the frigate. The character of Red Rackham was partly inspired by Jean Rackam, a fictional pirate who appeared in a story alongside female pirates Anne Bonny and Mary Read that Hergé encountered in a November 1938 edition of \"\"\"\". Red", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2779626", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\ngoat's beard). In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it was commonly described as an extremely wild woodland creature, a symbol of purity and grace, which could be captured only by a virgin. In the encyclopedias, its horn was said to have the power to render poisoned water potable and to heal sickness. In medieval and Renaissance times, the tusk of the narwhal was sometimes sold as unicorn horn. A number of seals seemingly depicting unicorns have been found from the Indus Valley Civilisation. These have also been interpreted as representations of aurochs—a type of large wild cattle that formerly inhabited", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4666662", "chunk_text": "\"Church of All Worlds\"\nCalifornia. When Zell stepped away from central leadership, the Church of All Worlds suffered internal strife that led to most of the church dissolving. By 1978 the focus and headquarters shifted to California with the Zells and the nine-circle nest structure was revamped. CAW then served for several years as an umbrella organization for its subsidiaries. Morning Glory Zell founded the Ecosophical Research Association (ERA) in 1977 to research arcane lore and legends. Its first project of note was the creation of living unicorns in 1980, after noting that early art depicts the creatures as being more goat-like than horse-like.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6516508", "chunk_text": "\"Re'em\"\nRe'em A re'em, also reëm (), is an animal mentioned eight times in the Hebrew Bible and variously translated as a unicorn or a wild ox. It was first identified in modern times with the aurochs by Johann Ulrich Duerst who discovered it was based on the Akkadian cognate \"\"rimu\"\" (𒄠 in cuneiform), meaning \"\"Bos primigenius\"\", the aurochs, progenitor of cattle. This has been generally accepted, as it is today even among religious scholars. It has been translated in some Christian Bible translations as \"\"oryx\"\" (which was accepted as the referent in Modern Hebrew) and as \"\"unicorn\"\" in the King", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19106249", "chunk_text": "\"Legendary creature\"\nleap into her lap and go to sleep, at which point a hunter could finally capture it. In terms of symbolism, the unicorn was a metaphor for Christ. Unicorns represented the idea of innocence and purity. In the King James Bible, Psalm 92:10 states, \"\"My horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn.\"\" This is because the translators of the King James erroneously translated the Hebrew word re'em as unicorn. Later versions translate this as wild ox. The unicorn's small size signifies the humility of Christ. Another common legendary creature which served allegorical functions within the Middle Ages", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2937800", "chunk_text": "\"The Hunt of the Unicorn\"\n(in the tapestry \"\"The Unicorn in Captivity\"\"). In addition, the author pointed out that the concept of an overlapping God of Heaven and God of love was accepted in the late middle ages. Questions about the original workmanship of the tapestries remain unanswered. The design of the tapestries is rich in figurative elements similar to those found in oil painting. Apparently influenced by the French style, the elements in the tapestries reflect the woodcuts and metalcuts made in Paris in the late fifteenth century. The garden backgrounds of the tapestries are rich in floral imagery, featuring the \"\"millefleurs\"\" background style", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4129481", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\narms, as an augmentation of honour. The crest for Clan Cunningham bears a unicorn head. Unicorns as heraldic charges: Unicorns as supporters: An animal called the \"\"re’em\"\" () is mentioned in several places in the Hebrew Bible, often as a metaphor representing strength. \"\"The allusions to the \"\"re'em\"\" as a wild, un-tamable animal of great strength and agility, with mighty horn or horns (Job xxxix. 9–12; Ps. xxii. 21, xxix. 6; Num. xxiii. 22, xxiv. 8; Deut. xxxiii. 17; comp. Ps. xcii. 11), best fit the aurochs (\"\"Bos primigenius\"\"). This view is supported by the Assyrian \"\"rimu,\"\" which is often", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2890210", "chunk_text": "\"Invisible Pink Unicorn\"\nPink Unicorn, the reader may see the text in a new and more critical way: In 1996, a unicorn that no one can see was adapted as a teaching device at Camp Quest, the first free-thought summer camp for children established in the United States, by Dr. L. Wilson. As reported years later in the July 21, 2006 \"\"Cincinnati Enquirer\"\", \"\"Campers must try to prove that imaginary unicorns—as a metaphor for God—don't exist.\"\" Richard Dawkins alluded to unicorns in this connection in his 2006 book \"\"The God Delusion\"\", writing that \"\"Russell's teapot, of course, stands for an infinite number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10027823", "chunk_text": "Unicorn\n() in length, and colored white, red and black. Ctesias got his information while living in Persia. Unicorns on a relief sculpture found at the ancient Persian capital of Persepolis in Iran. Aristotle must be following Ctesias when he mentions two one-horned animals, the oryx (a kind of antelope) and the so-called \"\"Indian ass\"\". Strabo says that in the Caucasus there were one-horned horses with stag-like heads. Pliny the Elder mentions the oryx and an Indian ox (perhaps a rhinoceros) as one-horned beasts, as well as \"\"a very fierce animal called the monoceros which has the head of the stag,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12594255", "chunk_text": "\"The Lady and the Unicorn\"\nThe Lady and the Unicorn The Lady and the Unicorn () is the modern title given to a series of six tapestries woven in Flanders from wool and silk, from designs (\"\"cartoons\"\") drawn in Paris around 1500. The set, on display in the Musée national du Moyen Âge (former Musée de Cluny) in Paris, is often considered one of the greatest works of art of the Middle Ages in Europe. Five of the tapestries are commonly interpreted as depicting the five senses – taste, hearing, sight, smell, and touch. The sixth displays the words \"\"\"\"À mon seul désir\"\"\"\". The tapestry's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8020852", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn (ship)\"\nthe archives at the National Museum of Natural History and the then recently published ' (\"\"\"\"Art and the Sea\"\"\"\") by Alexandre Berqueman. He also studied other vessels from the period, such as the ', ', ' and \"\"\"\" to better understand 17th-century ship design. It was from the \"\"Le Reale de France\"\" that he gained a basis for his design of the \"\"Unicorn\"\" jolly boat. He adopted the fictional ship's unicorn figurehead from a British frigate which had been built in 1745. When Liger-Belair's model was complete, Hergé realised it into the panels of his comics, regularly showing his renditions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18494031", "chunk_text": "\"Unicorn horn\"\nleather belt was supposed to protect a person from the plague and fevers, while leather shoes of this animal prevented diseases of the feet, legs and loins. The medicinal efficacy linked to its horn and its alexipharmic powers were assumed to be true in antiquity, but were not explicitly mentioned in the West again until the 14th century. Legends about these properties were the stimulus for a flourishing trade in these chips and dust up to the mid-17th century, when their true origin became widely known. The alicorn never existed as such; it was most often narwhal teeth that were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5743503", "chunk_text": "Karkadann\nKarkadann The Karkadann (from \"\"Kargadan\"\", Persian: كرگدن \"\"Lord of the Desert\"\") is a mythical creature said to have lived on the grassy plains of India and Persia. The word \"\"kargadan\"\" also means rhinoceros in Persian and Arabic. Depictions of \"\"karkadann\"\" are found also in North Indian art. Like the unicorn, it can be subdued by virgins and acts ferociously toward other animals. Originally based on the Indian Rhinoceros (one of the meanings of the word) and first described in the 10th/11th century, it evolved in the works of later writers to a mythical animal \"\"with a shadowy rhinocerine ancestor\"\" endowed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3225	which battle ended britain's support for the south?	n/a	[ "Battle of Antietam", "the Battle of Antietam" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18936730", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom and the American Civil War\"\nand the general public wanted no war with such high costs and meager benefits. Recognition was considered following the Second Battle of Manassas, when the British government was preparing to mediate in the conflict, but the Union victory at the Battle of Antietam and Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, combined with internal opposition, caused the government to back away. In 1863, the Confederacy expelled all foreign consuls (all of them British or French diplomats) for advising their subjects to refuse to serve in combat against the US. Throughout the war, all European powers adopted a policy of neutrality, meeting informally with Confederate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9802459", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nhas been defeated, and with all the U.S. soldiers on the U.S. – C.S. Front now ready to head to Canada, the British Empire requests a cease-fire, which is granted in early June 1917. With U.S.–German-Brazilian naval operations cutting off Great Britain from its Argentine and Australian food suppliers, the United Kingdom sues for peace later that summer; the U.K. was the last opponent of the \"\"Quadruple Entente\"\" still in the war. The United States celebrates during 1918, having finally taken revenge on the Confederate States, with parades and parties lasting well into the autumn. President Roosevelt and General Custer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9801407", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nfall into Union hands. The resulting Confederate advance catches McClellan and the Union Army by surprise. General Lee forces McClellan into a battle on the banks of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania and destroys the Army of the Potomac in the Battle of Camp Hill on October 1, 1862. After this decisive Confederate victory, Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia move eastward to occupy Philadelphia. The Confederate States of America earn diplomatic recognition from the United Kingdom and France. The two European nations force mediation on the United States; the Confederate States achieve independence. This War of Secession ends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14984682", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nConfederate States. Soon afterward, Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Great Britain and the rest of the Entente announce hostilities against the U.S. Philadelphia expects Featherston to strike in the east, following the pattern of the last war, but instead the Confederate blow takes the form of a massive combined-arms assault into Ohio. Brigadier General Abner Dowling and Colonel Irving Morrell know better and have prepared for the coming strike as best they could, but U.S. forces in Ohio do not have the equipment or manpower needed to halt the Confederate Army under George Patton. Within two months, Sandusky, Ohio on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10146999", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Chickamauga\"\nBattle of Chickamauga The Battle of Chickamauga, fought on September 18 – 20, 1863, between U.S. and Confederate forces in the American Civil War, marked the end of a Union offensive in southeastern Tennessee and northwestern Georgia — the Chickamauga Campaign. It was the first major battle of the war fought in Georgia, the most significant Union defeat in the Western Theater, and involved the second-highest number of casualties after the Battle of Gettysburg. The battle was fought between the Army of the Cumberland under Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans and the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Gen. Braxton Bragg, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3959395", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom–United States relations\"\nevent of war, would be cut off by the Americans. Indeed, the Americans would launch all-out naval war against the entire British merchant fleet. Despite outrage and intense American protests, London allowed the British-built CSS \"\"Alabama\"\" to leave port and become a commerce raider under the naval flag of the Confederacy. The war ended in 1865; arbitration settled the issue in 1871, with a payment of $15.5 million in gold for the damages caused. In January 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which was strongly supported by liberal elements in Britain. The British government predicted that emancipation of the slaves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9802457", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\n(In reality, these mutinies — caused by French soldiers' disgust at being ordered into suicidal and utterly pointless attacks across \"\"no-man's\"\" land — resulted in the French Army command agreeing to order no more offensives in exchange for French soldiers continuing to fight only defensively until the Hundred Days Offensive.) Without the U.S. troops, this causes France to surrender. The Russian Empire is threatened by revolution and anarchy (similarly to our timeline), leaving only the Confederate States and Great Britain to fight against the United States, Germany, and Austria-Hungary. Italy remains neutral and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) lately joins the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9802458", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nwar on the side of the \"\"Central Powers\"\". In South America, Brazil abandons the neutrality it had held since the beginning of the War and allies with Chile and Paraguay (who support the \"\"Central Powers\"\") against Argentina (which supports the \"\"Allies\"\" (Entente), threatening the South Atlantic supply line to Britain. In Canada, Custer's barrel methods are used to break through the Anglo-Canadian lines, leading to the fall of Quebec City and Winnipeg. The United States establishes the Republic of Quebec out of the Canadian province, and American and French-speaking \"\"Québécois\"\" forces charge towards Toronto, Ontario. By this point the C.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3347596", "chunk_text": "\"Battlefield Britain\"\nThe Battle of Naseby in 1645 saw Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army win the decisive battle of the English Civil War, effectively bringing an end to the absolute power of the monarchy. The story of the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 - the effects of which are still having consequences in everyday life in Ireland today. The Battle of Culloden in 1746 was the last pitched battle on British soil and brought an end to Bonnie Prince Charlie's rebellion, securing the crown of Britain for the House of Hanover. The final instalment looks to the skies for the Battle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1691015", "chunk_text": "\"Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series\"\n1862 after the Confederate Army destroyed the Army of the Potomac and occupied Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the British Empire (along with France) extended diplomatic recognition to the Confederate States, ending the War of Succession. The second time was in 1881 when the British Empire once again sided with the Confederacy and France against the United States during the Second Mexican War, after both a promise from the Confederacy to manumit their slaves, and in response to the aggressive behavior from the United States. Horace Wilson became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1944 in the wake of the ouster", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8679322", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nand Birmingham. U.S. planes drop a uranium bomb on Newport News, Virginia, narrowly missing the Confederate President, who is giving a speech in nearby Hampton Roads. The U.S. drops a second superbomb, this time on Charleston, in apparent revenge for South Carolina being the first state to secede from the Union back in 1860. Germany uses its next superbomb against Paris, while Britain strikes Hamburg with its own superbomb. Germany retaliates with three superbombs on English cities nearly simultaneously; London is the most prominent, along with Norwich and Brighton. Winston Churchill promises a swift response, but a German turbo airplane", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14716117", "chunk_text": "\"Confederate States of America\"\nat least mediation of the war. William Ewart Gladstone, the British Chancellor of the Exchequer (finance minister, in office 1859–1866), whose family wealth was based on slavery, was the key Minister calling for intervention to help the Confederacy achieve independence. He failed to convince prime minister Palmerston. By September 1862 the Union victory at the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln's preliminary Emancipation Proclamation and abolitionist opposition in Britain put an end to these possibilities. The cost to Britain of a war with the U.S. would have been high: the immediate loss of American grain-shipments, the end of British exports to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6206495", "chunk_text": "\"Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War\"\nrelied on the expedition's naval forces to reduce the fort, which became known after the war as Fort Moultrie. However, the firepower of the British ships was unable to make an impression on the spongy palmetto logs that formed the majority of the fort's defenses, and the bombardment failed in its objective. It was a humiliating failure, and Clinton called off his campaign in the Carolinas. Clinton and Parker argued after the engagement, each blaming the other for the failure of the assault. It is debated that the South was lost by this failure to take Charleston in 1776, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18936702", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom and the American Civil War\"\nUnited Kingdom and the American Civil War The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland remained officially neutral throughout the American Civil War (1861–1865). It legally recognised the belligerent status of the Confederate States of America (CSA) but never recognised it as a nation and neither signed a treaty with it nor ever exchanged ambassadors. Over 90 percent of Confederate trade with Britain ended, causing a severe shortage of cotton by 1862. Britain financed blockade runners that sent munitions and luxuries to Confederate ports in return for cotton and tobacco. Top British officials debated offering to mediate in the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15888747", "chunk_text": "\"History of the British Isles\"\ngenerally favoured the Union. What little cotton was available came from New York, as the blockade by the US Navy shut down 95% of Southern exports to Britain. In September 1862, Abraham Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. Since support of the Confederacy now meant supporting the institution of slavery, there was no possibility of European intervention. The British sold arms to both sides, built blockade runners for a lucrative trade with the Confederacy, and surreptitiously allowed warships to be built for the Confederacy. The warships caused a major diplomatic row that was resolved in the Alabama Claims in 1872, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12539659", "chunk_text": "\"Confederate States of America\"\npushed Federal forces from Charleston, Virginia, and the Kanawha Valley in western Virginia, but lacking re-inforcements Loring abandoned his position and by November the region was back in Federal control. The failed Middle Tennessee campaign was ended January 2, 1863, at the inconclusive Battle of Stones River (Murfreesboro), both sides losing the largest percentage of casualties suffered during the war. It was followed by another strategic withdrawal by Confederate forces. The Confederacy won a significant victory April 1863, repulsing the Federal advance on Richmond at Chancellorsville, but the Union consolidated positions along the Virginia coast and the Chesapeake Bay. Without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7221044", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Antietam\"\nadvised by his Cabinet to make this announcement after a Union victory to avoid the perception that it was issued out of desperation. The Union victory and Lincoln's proclamation played a considerable role in dissuading the governments of France and Britain from recognizing the Confederacy; some suspected they were planning to do so in the aftermath of another Union defeat. When the issue of emancipation was linked to the progress of the war, neither government had the political will to oppose the United States, since it linked support of the Confederacy to support for slavery. Both countries had already abolished", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8679323", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nshoots down the British bomber containing the second British bomb in Belgium, sparing Germany. In the wake of German atomic attacks, Russia, France and Britain, after a change of government, request armistices; the U.S. continues to gain territory and further squeeze the Confederacy. The U.S. recognizes an independent Republic of Texas, which splits the Confederacy yet again, cutting off Sonora and Chihuahua from the rest of the C.S. The new President of Texas arranges for U.S. forces to liberate the death camps in his state. Jefferson Pinkard is arrested for crimes against humanity. With Patton's army surrendering in Alabama under", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5688697", "chunk_text": "\"Turning point of the American Civil War\"\nconfidential until a Union battlefield victory could be announced, lest it appear to be an act of desperation. Along with its immense effect on American history and race relations, the Emancipation Proclamation effectively prevented the British Empire from recognizing the Confederacy as a legitimate government. The British public had strong anti-slavery beliefs and would not have tolerated joining the pro-slavery side of a fight where slavery was now a prominent issue. This removed one of the Confederacy's only hopes of surviving a lengthy war against the North's suffocating naval blockade. Support from France was still a possibility, but it never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11170385", "chunk_text": "\"Historical characters in the Southern Victory Series\"\nBritain had supported the Confederate States. Upon his death on 20 January 1936 (the date of the death of the historic George V), he was succeeded by his oldest son Edward VIII, who led the United Kingdom to defeat at the hands of the Central Powers in the Second Great War. Lord Halifax was the British ambassador to the Confederate States during the Second Great War. He presented to C.S. President Jake Featherston materials on the British superbomb project, which possibly helped the Confederacy develop their own superbomb. Richard Lyons was a British diplomat who was sent to Washington after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "647646", "chunk_text": "\"Defeat of Boudica\"\nDefeat of Boudica The decisive battle ending the Boudican Revolt took place in Roman Britain in AD 60 or 61 between an alliance of indigenous British peoples led by Boudica and a Roman army led by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus. Although heavily outnumbered, the Romans decisively defeated the allied tribes, inflicting heavy losses on them. The battle marked the end of resistance to Roman rule in Britain in the southern half of the island, a period that lasted until 410 AD. Historians are dependent on Roman historians Tacitus and Dio Cassius for the only accounts of the battle. The location of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3484181", "chunk_text": "\"Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War\"\nmost of which were tactical victories for the British. In almost all cases, however, the \"\"victories\"\" strategically weakened the British army by the high cost in casualties, while leaving the Continental Army intact to continue fighting. This was best exemplified by the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. Several American victories, such as the Battle of Ramseur's Mill, the Battle of Cowpens, and the Battle of Kings Mountain, also served to weaken the overall British military strength. The culminating engagement, the Siege of Yorktown, ended with the British army's surrender. It essentially marked the end of British power in the Colonies. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17542489", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom and the American Civil War\"\nboyhood home of David Lloyd George, now part of the Lloyd George Museum. The decisive factor, in the fall of 1862 and increasingly thereafter was the Battle of Antietam and what grew out of it. Lee's invasion was a failure at Antietam, and he barely escaped back to Virginia. It was now obvious that no final, conclusive Confederate triumph could be anticipated. The swift recession of the high Confederate tide was as visible in Britain as in America, and in the end, Palmerston and Russell dropped any notion of bringing a mediation-recognition program before the cabinet. During the late spring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14771218", "chunk_text": "\"English Civil War\"\nIreland, freeing up English troops to fight on the Royalist side in England, while Parliament offered concessions to the Scots in return for aid and assistance. With the help of the Scots, Parliament won at Marston Moor (2 July 1644), gaining York and the north of England. Cromwell's conduct in this battle proved decisive, and demonstrated his potential as both a political and an important military leader. The defeat at the Battle of Lostwithiel in Cornwall, however, marked a serious reverse for Parliament in the south-west of England. Subsequent fighting around Newbury (27 October 1644), though tactically indecisive, strategically gave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13838130", "chunk_text": "\"American Civil War\"\ncontinuation of the war. The Confederacy sought to win independence by out-lasting Lincoln; however, after Atlanta fell and Lincoln defeated McClellan in the election of 1864, all hope for a political victory for the South ended. At that point, Lincoln had secured the support of the Republicans, War Democrats, the border states, emancipated slaves, and the neutrality of Britain and France. By defeating the Democrats and McClellan, he also defeated the Copperheads and their peace platform. Many scholars argue that the Union held an insurmountable long-term advantage over the Confederacy in industrial strength and population. Confederate actions, they argue, only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12979065", "chunk_text": "\"Campaign of the Carolinas\"\nCampaign of the Carolinas The Campaign of the Carolinas (January 1 – April 26, 1865), also known as the Carolinas Campaign, was the final campaign conducted by the United States Army (Union army) against the Confederate States Army in the Western Theater. On January 1st, Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman advanced north from Savannah, Georgia, through the Carolinas, with the intention of linking up with Union forces in Virginia. The defeat of Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army at the Battle of Bentonville, and its unconditional surrender to Union forces on April 26, 1865, effectively ended the American Civil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18208964", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom and the American Civil War\"\nwar with the US began, the best hope for the survival of the Confederacy was military intervention by Britain and France. The US realized that as well and made it clear that recognition of the Confederacy meant war and the end of food shipments into Britain. The Confederates who had believed in \"\"King Cotton\"\" (Britain had to support the Confederacy to obtain cotton for its industries) were proven wrong. Britain, in fact, had ample stores of cotton in 1861 and depended much more on grain from the US. During its existence, the Confederate government sent repeated delegations to Europe; historians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18426224", "chunk_text": "\"Second Battle of Sabine Pass\"\nSecond Battle of Sabine Pass The Second Battle of Sabine Pass took place on September 8, 1863, the result of a failed Union Army attempt to invade the Confederate state of Texas during the American Civil War. It has often been credited as the most one-sided Confederate victory during the War. France was openly sympathetic to the Confederate States of America early in the Civil War, but never matched its sympathy with diplomatic or military action. After Mexican forces were defeated by French forces in summer 1863, Mexican president Benito Juárez escaped the capital, and the French installed Austrian Maximilian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9175891", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Cowpens\"\nthe backcountry Carolinas, but those in all the Southern states. As it was, the Americans were encouraged to fight further, and the Loyalists and British were demoralized. Furthermore, its strategic result—the destruction of an important part of the British army in the South—was crucial toward ending the war. Along with the British defeat at the Battle of Kings Mountain, Cowpens was a serious blow to Cornwallis, who might have defeated much of the remaining resistance in South Carolina had Tarleton won at Cowpens. Instead, the battle set in motion a series of events leading to the end of the war.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18936712", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom and the American Civil War\"\nConfederate States came into existence after seven of the fifteen slave states seceded because of the election of Republican President Lincoln, whose party committed to the containment of slavery geographically and the weakening of slaveowners' political power. Slavery was the cornerstone of the South's plantation economy, although it was repugnant to the moral sensibilities of most people in Britain, which had abolished slavery in its Empire in 1833. Until the fall of 1862, the \"\"immediate\"\" end of slavery was not an issue in the war; in fact, some Union states (Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Delaware, and what became West Virginia) allowed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9419249", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Appomattox Court House\"\nBattle of Appomattox Court House The Battle of Appomattox Court House (Virginia, U.S.), fought on the morning of April 9, 1865, was one of the last battles of the American Civil War (1861–1865). It was the final engagement of Confederate States Army General-in-Chief, Robert E. Lee, and his Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the Union Army of the Potomac under the Commanding General of the United States, Ulysses S. Grant. Lee, having abandoned the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, after the nine and one-half month Siege of Petersburg and Richmond, retreated west, hoping to join his army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15343523", "chunk_text": "\"Confederate States Navy\"\nand breaches by enemy shot. The engines of both were becoming dangerously overtaxed, and their crews were near exhaustion. The two ships turned and steamed away, never to meet again. This part in the Battle of Hampton Roads between \"\"Monitor and \"\"Virginia\"\" greatly overshadowed the bloody events each side's ground troops were fighting, largely because it was the first battle in history between two iron-armored steam-powered warships. The last Confederate surrender took place in Liverpool, United Kingdom on November 6, 1865 aboard the commerce raider CSS \"\"Shenandoah\"\" when her flag (battle ensign) was lowered for the final time. This surrender", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7137249", "chunk_text": "\"National Union Party (United States)\"\nWhite House: Lincoln did not show the pledge to his cabinet, but asked them to sign the sealed envelope. The complexion of the war changed as the election approached. Confederate Commander Robert E. Lee's last victory in battle occurred June 3, 1864 at Cold Harbor. Union General Ulysses S. Grant's aggressive tactics trapped Lee in the trenches defending Richmond. Admiral David Farragut successfully shut down Mobile Bay as a Confederate resource in the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 3–23, 1864. Most decisive of all, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman captured Atlanta on September 1, 1864, convincing even the pessimists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9801427", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nwar. Wilson's speech, given in a tightly-packed public square in the capital of Richmond, Virginia decorated with statues of Southern war heroes George Washington from the Revolutionary War and Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston from the War of Secession, become particularly famous. Unlike the Second Mexican War, the Confederacy's British and French allies are now preoccupied fighting Germany (and the other Central Powers) in Europe, leaving the North American powers to decide their front of the war without outside intervention. This leaves the Confederacy outnumbered by the much more populous United States. Moreover, this new generation of industrialized, stalemated trench warfare", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3426706", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of New Orleans\"\nBattle of New Orleans The Battle of New Orleans was fought on Sunday, January 8, 1815, between the British Army under Major General Sir Edward Pakenham, and the United States Army under Brevet Major General Andrew Jackson. It took place approximately south of the city of New Orleans, close to the present-day town of Chalmette, Louisiana, and was an American victory. The battle effectively marked the end of the War of 1812. The Battle of New Orleans took place directly after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent on December 24th, 1814, before news of the treaty could reach the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6103092", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Banjo\"\nBattle of Banjo During the Battle of Banjo or Battle of Banyo, British forces besieged German forces entrenched on the Banjo mountain from 4 to 6 November 1915 during the Kamerun campaign of the First World War. By 6 November much of the German force had deserted, while the rest surrendered. The battle resulted in victory for the Allies and breakdown of German resistance in northern Kamerun. Following the outbreak of war between Britain and Germany in the summer of 1914, British forces in neighboring Nigeria mounted an attack on the German forts at Garua in northern Kamerun. After failing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8945419", "chunk_text": "\"Conclusion of the American Civil War\"\nMay 10, U.S. President Andrew Johnson declared the rebellion's armed resistance virtually ended . Thompson's Brigade surrendered on May 11, Confederate forces of North Georgia surrendered on May 12, and Kirby Smith surrendered on May 26 (officially signed June 2). The last battle of the American Civil War was the Battle of Palmito Ranch in Texas on May 12 and 13. The last significant Confederate active force to surrender was the Confederate allied Cherokee Brigadier General Stand Watie and his Indian soldiers on June 23. The last Confederate surrender occurred on November 6, 1865, when the Confederate warship CSS \"\"Shenandoah\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18447779", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Worcester\"\nBattle of Worcester The Battle of Worcester took place on 3 September 1651 at Worcester, England, and was the final battle of the English Civil War. Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian New Model Army, 28,000 strong, defeated King Charles II's 16,000 Royalists, of whom the vast majority were Scottish. The King was aided by Scottish allies and was attempting to regain the throne that had been lost when his father Charles I was executed. The commander of the Scots, David Leslie, supported the plan of fighting in Scotland, where royal support was strongest. Charles, however, insisted on making war in England. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3484204", "chunk_text": "\"Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War\"\nvictory of the war. This victory left the American military structure in the South in ruins. It was only after Nathanael Greene slipped past Cornwallis after the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in 1781 that the British finally lost this advantage in the South. The remnants of the southern Continental Army began to withdraw toward North Carolina, but were pursued by Colonel Tarleton, who defeated them at the Battle of Waxhaws on May 29. Historians have debated accounts spread after the battle that Tarleton's forces had massacred many Patriots after they had surrendered. As a consequence, \"\"Bloody Tarleton\"\" or \"\"Bloody Ban\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8759088", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip\"\nwas forced to withdraw when falling levels of the river threatened to strand his deep-water ships. Vicksburg would not fall until another year had passed. The fall of New Orleans as a consequence of the battle may also have swayed European powers, primarily Great Britain and France, not to recognize the Confederacy diplomatically. Confederate agents abroad noted that they were generally received more coolly, if at all, after word of loss of the city reached London and Paris. Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip The Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip (April 18–28, 1862) was the decisive battle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236527", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Secessionville\"\nBattle of Secessionville The Battle of Secessionville (or the First Battle of James Island) was fought on June 16, 1862, during the American Civil War. Confederate forces defeated the Union's only attempt to capture Charleston, South Carolina, by land. The importance of Charleston to the Confederate cause, after the Union implemented their Anaconda Plan, can be summarized in the words of Gen. Robert E. Lee, \"\"The loss of Charleston would cut us off almost entirely from communications with the rest of the world and close the only channel through which we can expect to get supplies from abroad, now almost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18936705", "chunk_text": "\"United Kingdom and the American Civil War\"\nMexico. By early 1863, intervention was no longer seriously considered, as Britain turned its attention elsewhere, especially toward Russia and Greece. A long-term issue was sales of warships to the Confederacy. A British shipyard (John Laird and Sons) built two warships for the Confederacy, including the CSS \"\"Alabama\"\", over vehement protests from the US. Known as the \"\"Alabama\"\" Claims, the controversy was resolved peacefully after the Civil War when the US was awarded $15.5 million in arbitration by an international tribunal for damages caused by the warships. The fact that British private interests operated blockade runners was not a cause", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8679309", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nled by Major General Dowling, threatens to capture the main extermination camp in Snyder, Texas and expose its operations to the world. The naval war remains inconclusive. The U.S. beats back a Japanese attack against the Sandwich Islands and achieves an advantage in the Pacific. In the Atlantic, the main activity is preventing British convoys from bringing supplies to the Canadian underground. The Royal Navy and the Imperial German High Seas Fleet meet in battle late in 1942, with both sides claiming victory. Britain and France are still bogged down in western Germany, while Confederate newspapers report that the Russians", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4280806", "chunk_text": "\"Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II\"\nof their equipment were rescued from eight major sea ports on the southwest coast of France in \"\"Operation Ariel\"\". The only serious setback was the bombing of the troopship \"\"Lancastria\"\" off St Nazaire, resulting in the deaths of about 4,000 of those on board; the exact number has never been established. As a result of the Germans' Blitzkrieg tactics and superior German communications, the Battle of France was shorter than virtually all prewar Allied thought could have conceived, with France surrendering after six weeks. The UK and its Empire were left to stand alone. When France fell the position changed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14771167", "chunk_text": "\"English Civil War\"\nEnglish Civil War The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians (\"\"Roundheads\"\") and Royalists (\"\"Cavaliers\"\") over, principally, the manner of England's governance. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial and execution of Charles I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19845074", "chunk_text": "\"Battle of Eutaw Springs\"\nBattle of Eutaw Springs The Battle of Eutaw Springs was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, and was the last major engagement of the war in the Carolinas. Both sides claimed victory. In early 1781, Major General Nathanael Greene commander of the Southern army in the Continental Army began a campaign to end British control over the South Carolina backcountry. His first major objective was the capture of the British controlled village of Ninety Six. On May 22, 1781, Greene laid siege to the fortified village. After nearly a month Greene became aware that reinforcements under Lord Rawdon were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20317086", "chunk_text": "\"Invasions of the British Isles\"\nMay 1544. The battle of Ancrum Moor the following year led to the English withdrawal. After Henry's death and the installation of Protector Somerset, the English returned, defeating the Scots at the battle of Pinkie in September 1547. They established a base at Haddington and put much of southern Scotland under military rule. In response, the Scots requested aid from the French, and French troops arrived at Leith in 1548. The Treaty of Norham ended hostilities in 1551, although the French remained until the Siege of Leith in 1560, when they were ejected by combined Protestant Scottish and English forces.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8679299", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Victory\"\nwar, ensure that they suffer heavy losses for small gains. The Kaiser's army, particularly its panzers and 88mm flak cannons, prove instrumental in preventing the loss of East Prussia and the satellite Kingdom of Poland. In South America, a tense peace is maintained between Argentina and Chile, who both decide that they have had enough fighting in the First Great War. All of South America's nations are apparently neutral in this new conflict. In the West, the French Army swiftly recaptures Alsace-Lorraine and stands on the Rhine River. Ireland is overrun by the British, while the Anglo-French thrust through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8868103", "chunk_text": "\"Great Retreat\"\nGreat Retreat The Great Retreat, () also known as the Retreat from Mons, is the name given to the long withdrawal to the River Marne, in August and September 1914, by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French Fifth Army, Allied forces on the Western Front in the First World War, after their defeat by the armies of the German Empire at the Battle of Charleroi (21 August) and the Battle of Mons (23 August). A counter-offensive by the Fifth Army, with some assistance from the BEF at the First Battle of Guise (Battle of St. Quentin failed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8945422", "chunk_text": "\"Conclusion of the American Civil War\"\nwas the last battle of the American Civil War involving large numbers of United States Colored Troops. The Battle of Fort Blakely happened six hours after Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox. In the course of the battle, Brigadier General St. John Richardson Liddell was captured and surrendered his men. Out of 4,000 soldiers originally, Liddell lost 3,400 that were captured in this battle. About 250 were killed and only some 200 men escaped. The successful Union assault can be attributed in large part to African-American forces. Unaware of Lee's surrender on April 9 and the assassination of President Lincoln", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3226	the atomic number of indium which belongs to 5th period is?	n/a	[ "49" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584072", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nin nickel–cadmium batteries and cadmium telluride solar panels, the use of cadmium is generally decreasing. These declines have been due to competing technologies, cadmium's toxicity in certain forms and concentration and resulting regulations. Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, very soft, malleable and easily fusible other metal is chemically similar to gallium and thallium, and shows the intermediate properties between these two. Indium was discovered in 1863 and named for the indigo blue line in its spectrum that was the first indication of its existence in zinc ores, as a new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809920", "chunk_text": "Indium\nIndium Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth's crust. Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher than sodium and gallium, but lower than lithium and tin. Chemically, indium is similar to gallium and thallium, and it is largely intermediate between the two in terms of its properties. Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter by spectroscopic methods. They named it for the indigo blue line in its spectrum. Indium was isolated the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13405771", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nPeriod 5 element A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or \"\"period\"\") of the periodic table of the elements. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The fifth period contains 18 elements, beginning with rubidium and ending with xenon. As a rule, period 5 elements fill their 5s shells first, then their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11214211", "chunk_text": "Indium\ntemporarily in the muscles, skin, and bones before being excreted, and the biological half-life of indium is about two weeks in humans. People can be exposed to indium in the workplace by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, and eye contact. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.1 mg/m over an eight-hour workday. Indium Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metal that makes up 0.21 parts per million of the Earth's crust. Very soft and malleable, indium has a melting point higher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584074", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\naircraft). It is also used for making particularly low melting point alloys, and is a component in some lead-free solders. Indium is not known to be used by any organism. In a similar way to aluminium salts, indium(III) ions can be toxic to the kidney when given by injection, but oral indium compounds do not have the chronic toxicity of salts of heavy metals, probably due to poor absorption in basic conditions. Radioactive indium-111 (in very small amounts on a chemical basis) is used in nuclear medicine tests, as a radiotracer to follow the movement of labeled proteins and white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584088", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nrequired by higher animals, which use it to synthesize thyroid hormones, which contain the element. Because of this function, radioisotopes of iodine are concentrated in the thyroid gland along with nonradioactive iodine. The radioisotope iodine-131, which has a high fission product yield, concentrates in the thyroid, and is one of the most carcinogenic of nuclear fission products. Xenon has no biological role, and is used as a general anaesthetic. Period 5 element A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or \"\"period\"\") of the periodic table of the elements. The periodic table is laid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584075", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nblood cells in the body. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for ) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows chemical similarity to both neighboring group 14 elements, germanium and lead and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table. Tin is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where it occurs as tin dioxide, SnO. This silvery, malleable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762833", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nand unknown element. The metal was first isolated in the following year. Zinc ores continue to be the primary source of indium, where it is found in compound form. Very rarely the element can be found as grains of native (free) metal, but these are not of commercial importance. Indium's current primary application is to form transparent electrodes from indium tin oxide in liquid crystal displays and touchscreens, and this use largely determines its global mining production. It is widely used in thin-films to form lubricated layers (during World War II it was widely used to coat bearings in high-performance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809924", "chunk_text": "Indium\n\"\"I\"\"4/\"\"mmm\"\" (lattice parameters: \"\"a\"\" = 325 pm, \"\"c\"\" = 495 pm): this is a slightly distorted face-centered cubic structure, where each indium atom has four neighbours at 324 pm distance and eight neighbours slightly further (336 pm). Indium displays a ductile viscoplastic response, found to be size-independent in tension and compression. However it does have a size effect in bending and indentation, associated to a length-scale of order 50–100 µm, significantly large when compared with other metals. Indium has 49 electrons, with an electronic configuration of [Kr]4d5s5p. In compounds, indium most commonly donates the three outermost electrons to become indium(III),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5960191", "chunk_text": "\"Isotopes of indium\"\nIsotopes of indium Indium (In) consists of two primordial nuclides, with the most common (~ 95.7%) nuclide (In) being measurably though weakly radioactive. Its spin-forbidden decay has a half life of 4.41×10 years. The stable isotope In is only 4.3% of naturally occurring indium. Among elements with a known stable isotope, only tellurium and rhenium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope. Other than In, the longest-lived radioisotope is In, with a half-life of 2.8047 days. All other radioisotopes have half-lives less than a day. This element also has 47 isomers, the longest-lived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13405773", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nare incredibly shiny. This period is known to have a large number of exceptions to the Madelung rule. (*) Exception to the Madelung rule Rubidium is the first element placed in period 5. It is an alkali metal, the most reactive group in the periodic table, having properties and similarities with both other alkali metals and other period 5 elements. For example, rubidium has 5 electron shells, a property found in all other period 5 elements, whereas its electron configuration's ending is similar to all other alkali metals: s. Rubidium also follows the trend of increasing reactivity as the atomic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13405774", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nnumber increases in the alkali metals, for it is more reactive than potassium, but less so than caesium. In addition, both potassium and rubidium yield almost the same hue when ignited, so researchers must use different methods to differentiate between these two 1st group elements. Rubidium is very susceptible to oxidation in air, similar to most of the other alkali metals, so it readily transforms into rubidium oxide, a yellow solid with the chemical formula RbO. Strontium is the second element placed in the 5th period. It is an alkaline earth metal, a relatively reactive group, although not nearly as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762819", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nand because of its rarity, rhodium is usually alloyed with platinum or palladium and applied in high-temperature and corrosion-resistive coatings. White gold is often plated with a thin rhodium layer to improve its optical impression while sterling silver is often rhodium plated for tarnish resistance. Rhodium detectors are used in nuclear reactors to measure the neutron flux level. Palladium is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pd and an atomic number of 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584082", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nLike the other halogens, free iodine occurs mainly as a diatomic molecule I, and then only momentarily after being oxidized from iodide by an oxidant like free oxygen. In the universe and on Earth, iodine's high atomic number makes it a relatively rare element. However, its presence in ocean water has given it a role in biology (see below). Xenon is a chemical element with the symbol Xe and atomic number 54. A colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the Earth's atmospherein trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3831060", "chunk_text": "\"Period (periodic table)\"\npotassium and calcium, and is the first period in the d-block with the lighter transition metals. These include iron, the heaviest element forged in main-sequence stars and a principal component of the Earth, as well as other important metals such as cobalt, nickel, and copper. Almost all have biological roles. Completing the fourth period are the post-transition metals zinc and gallium, the metalloids germanium and arsenic, and the nonmetals selenium, bromine, and krypton. Period 5 has the same number of elements as period 4 and follows the same general structure but with one more post transition metal and one fewer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762817", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nelectrical contacts and the production of thick-film resistors. A minor application of ruthenium is its use in some platinum alloys. Rhodium is a chemical element that is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal and a member of the platinum group. It has the chemical symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is composed of only one isotope,Rh. Naturally occurring rhodium is found as the free metal, alloyed with similar metals, and never as a chemical compound. It is one of the rarest precious metals and one of the most costly (gold has since taken over the top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584080", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nKlaproth named the new element in 1798 after the Latin word for \"\"earth\"\", \"\"tellus\"\". Gold telluride minerals (responsible for the name of Telluride, Colorado) are the most notable natural gold compounds. However, they are not a commercially significant source of tellurium itself, which is normally extracted as by-product of copper and lead production. Tellurium is commercially primarily used in alloys, foremost in steel and copper to improve machinability. Applications in solar panels and as a semiconductor material also consume a considerable fraction of tellurium production. Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762814", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nand symbol Tc. It is the lowest atomic number element without any stable isotopes; every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically and only minute amounts are found in nature. Naturally occurring technetium occurs as a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore or by neutron capture in molybdenum ores. The chemical properties of this silvery gray, crystalline transition metal are intermediate between rhenium and manganese. Many of technetium's properties were predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev before the element was discovered. Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name \"\"ekamanganese\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9994225", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nperiod 6 other metals are incredibly toxic, such as thallium. Period 6 contains the last stable element, lead. All subsequent elements in the periodic table are radioactive. After bismuth, which has a half-life or more than 10 years, polonium, astatine, and radon are some of the shortest-lived and rarest elements known; less than a gram of astatine is estimated to exist on earth at any given time. Caesium or cesium is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762812", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nbe colored by anodization are particular advantages. Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin \"\"Molybdaenum\"\", from Ancient Greek , meaning \"\"lead\"\", itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores. The free element, which is a silvery metal, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides, and for this reason it is often used in high-strength steel alloys. Molybdenum does not occur as a free metal on Earth, but rather in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584078", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nwith most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. Antimony compounds are prominent additives for chlorine and bromine containing fire retardants found in many commercial and domestic products. The largest application for metallic antimony is as alloying material for lead and tin. It improves the properties of the alloys which are used as in solders, bullets and ball bearings. An emerging application is the use of antimony in microelectronics. Tellurium is a chemical element that has the symbol Te and atomic number 52. A brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid which looks similar to tin, tellurium is chemically related", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584070", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nother silver compounds are used as disinfectants and microbiocides. While many medical antimicrobial uses of silver have been supplanted by antibiotics, further research into clinical potential continues. Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals. Cadmium and its congeners are not always considered transition metals, in that they do not have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584057", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nyears old, helped bolster the theory that stars can produce heavier elements. Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most chemicals. The Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus discovered the element in 1844 and named it after Ruthenia, the Latin word for Rus'. Ruthenium usually occurs as a minor component of platinum ores and its annual production is only about 12 tonnes worldwide. Most ruthenium is used for wear-resistant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809928", "chunk_text": "Indium\nhalf-life of 4.41 years, four orders of magnitude greater than the age of the universe and nearly 30,000 times greater than that of natural thorium. The half-life of In is very long because the beta decay to Sn is spin-forbidden. Indium-115 makes up 95.7% of all indium. Indium is one of three known elements (the others being tellurium and rhenium) of which the stable isotope is less abundant in nature than the long-lived primordial radioisotopes. The stablest artificial isotope is indium-111, with a half-life of approximately 2.8 days. All other isotopes have half-lives shorter than 5 hours. Indium also has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809935", "chunk_text": "Indium\nthe stable one. The stable indium isotope, indium-113, is one of the p-nuclei, the origin of which is not fully understood; although indium-113 is known to be made directly in the s- and r-processes (rapid neutron capture), and also as the daughter of very long-lived cadmium-113, which has a half-life of about eight quadrillion years, this cannot account for all indium-113. Indium is the 68th most abundant element in Earth's crust at approximately 50 ppb. This is similar to the crustal abundance of silver, bismuth and mercury. It very rarely forms its own minerals, or occurs in elemental form. Fewer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809927", "chunk_text": "Indium\noxidizing agents such as halogens to give indium(III) compounds. It does not form a boride, silicide, or carbide, and the hydride InH has at best a transitory existence in ethereal solutions at low temperatures, being unstable enough to spontaneously polymerize without coordination. Indium is rather basic in aqueous solution, showing only slight amphoteric characteristics, and unlike its lighter homologs aluminium and gallium, it is insoluble in aqueous alkaline solutions. Indium has 39 known isotopes, ranging in mass number from 97 to 135. Only two isotopes occur naturally as primordial nuclides: indium-113, the only stable isotope, and indium-115, which has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9994228", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nyears and is used in medical applications, industrial gauges, and hydrology. Although the element is only mildly toxic, it is a hazardous material as a metal and its radioisotopes present a high health risk in case of radioactivity releases. Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Barium is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Its oxide is historically known as baryta but it reacts with water and carbon dioxide and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762813", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nvarious oxidation states in minerals. Industrially, molybdenum compounds are used in high-pressure and high-temperature applications, as pigments and catalysts. Molybdenum minerals have long been known, but the element was \"\"discovered\"\" (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. The metal was first isolated in 1781 by Peter Jacob Hjelm. Most molybdenum compounds have low solubility in water, but the molybdate ion MoO is soluble and forms when molybdenum-containing minerals are in contact with oxygen and water. Technetium is the chemical element with atomic number 43", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13405780", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nNiobium, or columbium, is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology: \"\"Niobe\"\", daughter of \"\"Tantalus\"\". Niobium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of the element tantalum, and the two are therefore difficult to distinguish. The English chemistCharles Hatchett reported a new element similar to tantalum in 1801, and named it columbium. In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston wrongly concluded that tantalum and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9994273", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nradioactive, and therefore present radioactive hazards. Period 6 element A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or \"\"period\"\") of the periodic table of the elements, including the lanthanides. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The sixth period contains 32 elements, tied for the most with period 7, beginning with caesium and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13024701", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nPeriod 6 element A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or \"\"period\"\") of the periodic table of the elements, including the lanthanides. The periodic table is laid out in rows to illustrate recurring (periodic) trends in the chemical behaviour of the elements as their atomic number increases: a new row is begun when chemical behaviour begins to repeat, meaning that elements with similar behaviour fall into the same vertical columns. The sixth period contains 32 elements, tied for the most with period 7, beginning with caesium and ending with radon. Lead is currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13024696", "chunk_text": "\"Period 4 element\"\npeople in the world suffer from zinc deficiency. However, too much zinc can cause copper deficiency. Zinc is often used in batteries, aptly named carbon-zinc batteries, and is important in many platings, as zinc is very corrosion resistant. Gallium (Ga) is an element in period 4, between zinc and germanium. Gallium is noteworthy because it has a melting point at about 303 kelvins, right around room temperature. For example, it will be solid on a typical spring day, but will be liquid on a hot summer day. Gallium is an important component in the alloy galinstan, along with tin. Gallium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9994261", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nas a radiation shield. Lead has the highest atomic number of all of the stable elements, although the next higher element, bismuth, has a half-life that is so long (much longer than the age of the universe) that it can be considered stable. Its four stable isotopes have 82 protons, a magic number in the nuclear shell model of atomic nuclei. Lead, at certain exposure levels, is a poisonous substance to animals as well as for human beings. It damages the nervous system and causes brain disorders. Excessive lead also causes blood disorders in mammals. Like the element mercury, another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9994245", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nother platinum group metals are employed in fountain pen tips, electrical contacts, and other applications where extreme durability and hardness are needed. Iridium is the chemical element with atomic number 77, and is represented by the symbol Ir. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum family, iridium is the second-densest element (after osmium) and is the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable. Iridium was discovered in 1803 among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584083", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nof xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized. Naturally occurring xenon consists of nine stable isotopes. There are also over 40 unstable isotopes that undergo radioactive decay. The isotope ratios of xenon are an important tool for studying the early history of the Solar System. Radioactive xenon-135 is produced from iodine-135 as a result of nuclear fission, and it acts as the most significant neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. Xenon is used in flash lamps and arc lamps, and as a general anesthetic. The first excimer laser design used a xenon dimer molecule (Xe) as its lasing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13024702", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nthe last stable element; all subsequent elements are radioactive. For bismuth, however, its only primordial isotope, Bi, has a half-life of more than 10 years, over a billion times longer than the current age of the universe. As a rule, period 6 elements fill their 6s shells first, then their 4f, 5d, and 6p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as gold. This period contains the lanthanides, also known as the \"\"rare earths\"\". Many lanthanides are known for their magnetic properties, such as neodymium. Many period 6 transition metals are very valuable, such as gold, however many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13024720", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nliving organism. Tungsten interferes with molybdenum and copper metabolism, and is somewhat toxic to animal life. Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an \"\"estimated\"\" average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has the third-highest melting point and highest boiling point of any element. Rhenium resembles manganese chemically and is obtained as a by-product of molybdenum and copper ore's extraction and refinement. Rhenium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13405818", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\ndiverse functions of the remainder of the enzymes, molybdenum is a required element for life in higher organisms (eukaryotes), though not in all bacteria. Technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, and antimony have no biological role. Although cadmium has no known biological role in higher organisms, a cadmium-dependent carbonic anhydrase has been found in marine diatoms. Indium has no biological role and can be toxic as well as Antimony. Tellurium has no biological role, although fungi can incorporate it in place of sulfur and selenium into amino acids such as tellurocysteine and telluromethionine. In humans, tellurium is partly metabolized into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6462398", "chunk_text": "Indium-111\nIndium-111 Indium-111 (In) is a radioactive isotope of Indium (In), atomic number (number of protons) of 49. The difference among the various isotopes of In is the number of neutrons (i.e. they have different atomic mass numbers). The naturally occurring isotopes of Indium are stable (non-radioactive): In (4.25%) and In (95.75%). In chloride (Cl) solution is produced by proton irradiation ((p,2n) of a cadmium (Cd) isotope (Cd) OR (p,n) Cd enriched target) in a cyclotron, as recommended by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The former method is more commonly used as is results in a high level of radionuclide purity.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17102146", "chunk_text": "\"Indium wire\"\nIndium wire Indium is a soft, malleable, silver, shiny metal with atomic weight of 114.82 and resides as number 49 on the Chemical Periodic Table. Below 3.4Kelvin indium is a superconductor and at 20 C it has a resistance of 8.8 micro-ohms with a melting point of 156.598 C, a boiling point of 2080C and a density of 7.3 g/cc. Indium can be alloyed with a wide range of other metals to lower their melting point. Indium is an ideal thermal interface material for heat dissipation in many of today's very hot integrated circuits. Of all the common materials, copper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13405819", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\ndimethyl telluride, (CH)Te, a gas with a garlic-like odor which is exhaled in the breath of victims of tellurium toxicity or exposure. Iodine is the heaviest essential element utilized widely by life in biological functions (only tungsten, employed in enzymes by a few species of bacteria, is heavier). Iodine's rarity in many soils, due to initial low abundance as a crust-element, and also leaching of soluble iodide by rainwater, has led to many deficiency problems in land animals and inland human populations. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. Iodine is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11584079", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nto selenium and sulfur. It is occasionally found in native form, as elemental crystals. Tellurium is far more common in the universe than on Earth. Its extreme rarity in the Earth's crust, comparable to that of platinum, is partly due to its high atomic number, but also due to its formation of a volatile hydride which caused the element to be lost to space as a gas during the hot nebular formation of the planet. Tellurium was discovered in Transylvania (today part of Romania) in 1782 by Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein in a mineral containing tellurium and gold. Martin Heinrich", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809934", "chunk_text": "Indium\nwas presented at the World Fair 1867. Reich and Richter later fell out when the latter claimed to be the sole discoverer. Indium is created by the long-lasting (up to thousands of years) s-process (slow neutron capture) in low-to-medium-mass stars (which range in mass between 0.6 and 10 solar masses). When a silver-109 atom (the isotope that comprises approximately half of all silver in existence) catches a neutron, it undergoes a beta decay to become cadmium-110. Capturing further neutrons, it becomes cadmium-115, which decays to indium-115 by another beta decay. This explains why the radioactive isotope is more abundant than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809925", "chunk_text": "Indium\nIn. In some cases, the pair of 5s-electrons are not donated, resulting in indium(I), In. The stabilization of the monovalent state is attributed to the inert pair effect, in which relativistic effects stabilize the 5s-orbital, observed in heavier elements. Thallium (indium's heavier homolog) shows an even stronger effect, causing oxidation to thallium(I) to be more probable than to thallium(III), whereas gallium (indium's lighter homolog) commonly shows only the +3 oxidation state. Thus, although thallium(III) is a moderately strong oxidizing agent, indium(III) is not, and many indium(I) compounds are powerful reducing agents. While the energy required to include the s-electrons in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13405772", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\n4d, and 5p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as rhodium. This period contains technetium, one of the two elements until lead that has no stable isotopes (along with promethium), as well as molybdenum and iodine, two of the heaviest elements with a known biological role, and Niobium has the largest magnetic known penetration depth of all the elements. Zirconium is one of the main components of zircon crystals, currently the oldest known minerals in the earth's crust. Many later transition metals, such as rhodium, are very commonly used in jewelry due to the fact that they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1296445", "chunk_text": "\"Period 2 element\"\nprotons and six neutrons. C is also stable, with six protons and seven neutrons, at 1.1%. Trace amounts of C also occur naturally but this isotope is radioactive and decays with a half life of 5730 years; it is used for radiocarbon dating. Other isotopes of carbon have also been synthesised. Carbon forms covalent bonds with other non-metals with an oxidation state of −4, −2, +2 or +4. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium and oxygen and is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass after oxygen,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9994244", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nprice of approximately US$4,575 per kilogram (US$142.30 per troy ounce) as of August 2011; it is also of critical strategic military importance, for its use in high performance military jet and rocket engines. Osmium is a chemical element with the symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, blue-gray or blue-black transition metal in the platinum family and is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of (slightly greater than that of iridium and twice that of lead). It is found in nature as an alloy, mostly in platinum ores; its alloys with platinum, iridium, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13024740", "chunk_text": "\"Period 6 element\"\nelement with the symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uraniumores. Polonium has been studied for possible use in heating spacecraft. As it is unstable, all isotopes of polonium are radioactive. There is disagreement as to whether polonium is a post-transition metal or metalloid. Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on the Earth only as the result of decay of heavier elements, and decays", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12762820", "chunk_text": "\"Period 5 element\"\nafter the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). These have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. The unique properties of palladium and other platinum group metals account for their widespread use. A quarter of all goods manufactured today either contain PGMs or have a significant part in their manufacturing process played by PGMs. Over half of the supply of palladium and its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15809922", "chunk_text": "Indium\nmetal with a bright luster. It is so soft (Mohs hardness 1.2) that like sodium, it can be cut with a knife. It also leaves a visible line on paper. It is a member of group 13 on the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between its vertical neighbours gallium and thallium. Like tin, a high-pitched cry is heard when indium is bent – a crackling sound due to crystal twinning. Like gallium, indium is able to wet glass. Like both, indium has a low melting point, 156.60 °C (313.88 °F); higher than its lighter homologue, gallium, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3227	what percentage of sunlight is captured by plants to convert it into food energy?	n/a	[ "45%", "3 to 6%" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14735541", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\nwavelength range, the theoretical maximum efficiency of solar energy conversion is approximately 11%. In actuality, however, plants do not absorb all incoming sunlight (due to reflection, respiration requirements of photosynthesis and the need for optimal solar radiation levels) and do not convert all harvested energy into biomass, which results in an overall photosynthetic efficiency of 3 to 6% of total solar radiation. If photosynthesis is inefficient, excess light energy must be dissipated to avoid damaging the photosynthetic apparatus. Energy can be dissipated as heat (non-photochemical quenching), or emitted as chlorophyll fluorescence. Quoted values sunlight-to-biomass efficiency The following is a breakdown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866406", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nPhotosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name \"\"photosynthesis\"\", from the Greek φῶς, \"\"phōs\"\", \"\"light\"\", and σύνθεσις, \"\"synthesis\"\", \"\"putting together\"\". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is largely responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14735544", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\nnet leaf efficiency. Many plants lose much of the remaining energy on growing roots. Most crop plants store ~0.25% to 0.5% of the sunlight in the product (corn kernels, potato starch, etc.). Photosynthesis increases linearly with light intensity at low intensity, but at higher intensity this is no longer the case (see Photosynthesis-irradiance curve). Above about 10,000 lux or ~100 watts/square meter the rate no longer increases. Thus, most plants can only utilize ~10% of full mid-day sunlight intensity. This dramatically reduces average achieved photosynthetic efficiency in fields compared to peak laboratory results. However, real plants (as opposed to laboratory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5454963", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\ncrop plants store ~0.25% to 0.5% of the sunlight in the product (corn kernels, potato starch, etc.), sugar cane is exceptional in several ways to yield peak storage efficiencies of ~8%. Ethanol fuel in Brazil has a calculation that results in: \"\"Per hectare per year, the biomass produced corresponds to 0.27 TJ. This is equivalent to 0.86 W/m. Assuming an average insolation of 225 W/m, the photosynthetic efficiency of sugar cane is 0.38%.\"\" Sucrose accounts for little more than 30% of the chemical energy stored in the mature plant; 35% is in the leaves and stem tips, which are left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14735543", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\nd-glucose<br> 35–45% of the glucose is consumed by the leaf in the processes of dark and photo respiration Stated another way:<br> 100% sunlight → non-bioavailable photons waste is 47%, leaving<br> 53% (in the 400–700 nm range) → 30% of photons are lost due to incomplete absorption, leaving<br> 37% (absorbed photon energy) → 24% is lost due to wavelength-mismatch degradation to 700 nm energy, leaving<br> 28.2% (sunlight energy collected by chlorophyll) → 32% efficient conversion of ATP and NADPH to d-glucose, leaving<br> 9% (collected as sugar) → 35–40% of sugar is recycled/consumed by the leaf in dark and photo-respiration, leaving<br> 5.4%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204291", "chunk_text": "\"Solar energy\"\nwater cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis, green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived. The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8465818", "chunk_text": "Energy\nenergy flows in physical and biological systems by expressing energy units in human terms: it provides a \"\"feel\"\" for the use of a given amount of energy. Sunlight's radiant energy is also captured by plants as \"\"chemical potential energy\"\" in photosynthesis, when carbon dioxide and water (two low-energy compounds) are converted into the high-energy compounds carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Plants also release oxygen during photosynthesis, which is utilized by living organisms as an electron acceptor, to release the energy of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Release of the energy stored during photosynthesis as heat or light may be triggered suddenly by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7316049", "chunk_text": "Autotroph\ncan only use a fraction of this energy for photosynthesis, approximately 1% is used by autotrophs. The process of photosynthesis splits a water molecule (HO), releasing oxygen (O) into the atmosphere, and reducing carbon dioxide (CO) to release the hydrogen atoms that fuel the metabolic process of primary production. Plants convert and store the energy of the photon into the chemical bonds of simple sugars during photosynthesis. These plant sugars are polymerized for storage as long-chain carbohydrates, including other sugars, starch, and cellulose; glucose is also used to make fats and proteins. When autotrophs are eaten by heterotrophs, i.e., consumers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8022385", "chunk_text": "Plant\nprimitive plants lacking some tissue types. Plants are photosynthetic, which means that they manufacture their own food molecules using energy obtained from light. The primary mechanism plants have for capturing light energy is the pigment chlorophyll. All green plants contain two forms of chlorophyll, chlorophyll \"\"a\"\" and chlorophyll \"\"b\"\". The latter of these pigments is not found in red or brown algae. The simple equation of photosynthesis is as follows:- 6CO + 6HO → (in the presence of light and chlorophyll) CHO + 6O By means of cells that behave like nerves, plants receive and distribute within their systems information", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14735539", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\nPhotosynthetic efficiency The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction where CHO is glucose (which is subsequently transformed into other sugars, cellulose, lignin, and so forth). The value of the photosynthetic efficiency is dependent on how light energy is defined – it depends on whether we count only the light that is absorbed, and on what kind of light is used (see Photosynthetically active radiation). It takes eight (or perhaps 10 or more) photons to utilize one molecule of CO.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6278771", "chunk_text": "Phototroph\nPhototroph Phototrophs (\"\"Gr\"\": φῶς, φωτός = light, τροϕή = nourishment) are the organisms that carry out photon capture to acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a common misconception that phototrophs are obligatorily photosynthetic. Many, but not all, phototrophs often photosynthesize: they anabolically convert carbon dioxide into organic material to be utilized structurally, functionally, or as a source for later catabolic processes (e.g. in the form of starches, sugars and fats). All phototrophs either use electron transport chains or direct proton pumping to establish an electro-chemical gradient which is utilized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695671", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nchlorophyll fluorometers. Actual plants' photosynthetic efficiency varies with the frequency of the light being converted, light intensity, temperature and proportion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and can vary from 0.1% to 8%. By comparison, solar panels convert light into electric energy at an efficiency of approximately 6–20% for mass-produced panels, and above 40% in laboratory devices. The efficiency of both light and dark reactions can be measured but the relationship between the two can be complex. For example, the ATP and NADPH energy molecules, created by the light reaction, can be used for carbon fixation or for photorespiration in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9341800", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\noxygenase activity is more commonly known as photorespiration, since it is characterized by light-dependent oxygen consumption and the release of carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name \"\"photosynthesis\"\", from the Greek φῶς, \"\"phōs\"\", \"\"light\"\", and σύνθεσις, \"\"synthesis\"\", \"\"putting together\"\". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866407", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nEarth's atmosphere, and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. The hydrogen freed by the splitting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866409", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nas ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose. The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, rather than water, as sources of electrons. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed directly to the oxygenation of the Earth, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1042905", "chunk_text": "\"Trophic level\"\ntheir food to their own organic tissue (the ten-percent law). For this reason, food chains rarely extend for more than 5 or 6 levels. At the lowest trophic level (the bottom of the food chain), plants convert about 1% of the sunlight they receive into chemical energy. It follows from this that the total energy originally present in the incident sunlight that is finally embodied in a tertiary consumer is about 0.001% Both the number of trophic levels and the complexity of relationships between them evolve as life diversifies through time, the exception being intermittent mass extinction events. Food webs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8381850", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\nthan offset by the use of increased light. The ability to thrive despite restricted water availability maximizes the ability to use available light. The simpler C3 cycle which operates in most plants is adapted to wetter darker environments, such as many northern latitudes. . Corn, sugar cane, and sorghum are C4 plants. These plants are economically important in part because of their relatively high photosynthetic efficiencies compared to many other crops. Pineapple is a CAM plant. Photosynthetic efficiency The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4192673", "chunk_text": "\"Alternative energy\"\nappropriate 30 to 40% of all photosynthetically fixed carbon worldwide, indicating that expansion of additional biomass harvesting is likely to stress ecosystems, in some cases precipitating collapse and extinction of animal species that have been deprived of vital food sources. The total amount of energy capture by vegetation in the United States each year is around 58 quads (61.5 EJ), about half of which is already harvested as agricultural crops and forest products. The remaining biomass is needed to maintain ecosystem functions and diversity. Since annual energy use in the United States is ca. 100 quads, biomass energy could supply", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15866410", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nis about three times the current power consumption of human civilization. Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 billion tonnes (91-104 petagrams) of carbon into biomass per year. Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light. However, not all organisms use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon atoms to carry out photosynthesis; photoheterotrophs use organic compounds, rather than carbon dioxide, as a source of carbon. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, photosynthesis releases oxygen. This is called \"\"oxygenic photosynthesis\"\" and is by far the most common", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12753810", "chunk_text": "Sunlight\nto the surface. Sunlight is a key factor in photosynthesis, the process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be used to synthesize carbohydrates and to fuel the organisms' activities. Researchers can measure the intensity of sunlight using a sunshine recorder, pyranometer, or pyrheliometer. To calculate the amount of sunlight reaching the ground, both the eccentricity of Earth's elliptic orbit and the attenuation by Earth's atmosphere have to be taken into account. The extraterrestrial solar illuminance (), corrected for the elliptic orbit by using the day number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13283584", "chunk_text": "\"Our Mr. Sun\"\nexactly sire how it works. They believe chlorophyll uses sunlight to combine carbon dioxide molecules with water molecules, along with salts, to create sugars and release oxygen. These sugars form the bulk of a plant including its fruit. Most of these plants are grown in the sea as phytoplankton, which is the food source of zooplankton, which are eaten by fish. All animals survive on food created by the Sun through photosynthesis; either directly by eating plants, or indirectly by eating animals that eat plants. The Sun provided the energy for photosynthesis through its light, which was created at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1185432", "chunk_text": "\"Artificial photosynthesis\"\nparticular how much of the incident light can be used in a system in practice. This is comparable with photosynthetic efficiency, where light-to-chemical-energy conversion is measured. Photosynthetic organisms are able to collect about 50% of incident solar radiation, however the theoretical limit of photosynthetic efficiency is 4.6 and 6.0% for C3 and C4 plants respectively. In reality, the efficiency of photosynthesis is much lower and is usually below 1%, with some exceptions such as sugarcane in tropical climate. In contrast, the highest reported efficiency for artificial photosynthesis lab prototypes is 22.4%. However, plants are efficient in using CO at atmospheric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6217055", "chunk_text": "\"Renewable energy\"\nRenewable energy Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Based on REN21's 2017 report, renewables contributed 19.3% to humans' global energy consumption and 24.5% to their generation of electricity in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This energy consumption is divided as 8.9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% hydro electricity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14735540", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\nThe Gibbs free energy for converting a mole of CO to glucose is 114 kcal, whereas eight moles of photons of wavelength 600 nm contains 381 kcal, giving a nominal efficiency of 30%. However, photosynthesis can occur with light up to wavelength 720 nm so long as there is also light at wavelengths below 680 nm to keep Photosystem II operating (see Chlorophyll). Using longer wavelengths means less light energy is needed for the same number of photons and therefore for the same amount of photosynthesis. For actual sunlight, where only 45% of the light is in the photosynthetically active", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8465823", "chunk_text": "Energy\nthe estimated 124.7 Pg/a of carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis, 64.3 Pg/a (52%) are used for the metabolism of green plants, i.e. reconverted into carbon dioxide and heat. In geology, continental drift, mountain ranges, volcanoes, and earthquakes are phenomena that can be explained in terms of energy transformations in the Earth's interior, while meteorological phenomena like wind, rain, hail, snow, lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes are all a result of energy transformations brought about by solar energy on the atmosphere of the planet Earth. Sunlight may be stored as gravitational potential energy after it strikes the Earth, as (for example)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4721065", "chunk_text": "\"Light-harvesting complexes of green plants\"\nLight-harvesting complexes of green plants The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll \"\"a\"\" molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem. The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll \"\"b\"\", xanthophylls, and carotenes. Chlorophyll \"\"a\"\" is known as the core pigment. Their absorption spectra are non-overlapping and broaden the range of light that can be absorbed in photosynthesis. The carotenoids have another role as an antioxidant to prevent photo-oxidative damage of chlorophyll molecules. Each antenna complex has between 250 and 400", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10095437", "chunk_text": "\"Plant nutrition\"\nphotosynthesis and for respiration. Oxygen is a component of many organic and inorganic molecules within the plant, and is acquired in many forms. These include: O and CO (mainly from the air via leaves) and HO, NO, HPO and SO (mainly from the soil water via roots). Plants produce oxygen gas (O) along with glucose during photosynthesis but then require O to undergo aerobic cellular respiration and break down this glucose to produce ATP. Nitrogen is a major constituent of several of the most important plant substances. For example, nitrogen compounds comprise 40% to 50% of the dry matter of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14084272", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nthe net photosynthetic rates ranged from 10 to 13 μmol CO·m·s, with the conclusion that all terrestrial plants having the same photosynthetic capacities that were light saturated at less than 50% of sunlight. Later in 1958-1963 at Cornell University, field grown maize was reported to have much greater leaf photosynthetic rates of 40 μmol CO·m·s and was not saturated at near full sunlight. This higher rate in maize was almost double those observed in other species such as wheat and soybean, indicating that large differences in photosynthesis exist among higher plants. At the University of Arizona, detailed gas exchange research", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6278773", "chunk_text": "Phototroph\nthe oxidation of electron donors in their environments. Photoautotrophs are capable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source. Green plants and photosynthetic bacteria are photoautotrophs. Photoautotrophic organisms are sometimes referred to as holophytic. Such organisms derive their energy for food synthesis from light and are capable of using carbon dioxide as their principal source of carbon. Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms use chlorophyll for light-energy capture and oxidize water, \"\"splitting\"\" it into molecular oxygen. In contrast, anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria have a substance called bacteriochlorophyll - which absorbs predominantly at non-optical wavelengths - for light-energy capture,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14735546", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\ncurves that the class produces do allow comparisons in photosynthetic efficiency between plants. From a 2010 study by the University of Maryland, photosynthesizing Cyanobacteria have been shown to be a significant species in the global carbon cycle, accounting for 20–30% of Earth's photosynthetic productivity and convert solar energy into biomass-stored chemical energy at the rate of ~450 TW. According to the electron yield of 0.05% to 0.3% mentioned in the cyanobacteria study above, this means that a gross upper-bound estimate for the total photosynthetic productivity of earth is between ~90–530 TW (see also Earth's energy budget), if all of earth's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "204290", "chunk_text": "\"Solar energy\"\nlight at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. Most of the world's population live in areas with insolation levels of 150–300 watts/m², or 3.5–7.0 kWh/m² per day. Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14232110", "chunk_text": "Bioenergetics\nenergy transformations; living organisms survive because of exchange of energy between living tissues/ cells and the outside environment. Some organisms, such as autotrophs, can acquire energy from sunlight (through photosynthesis) without needing to consume nutrients and break them down. Other organisms, like heterotrophs, must intake nutrients from food to be able to sustain energy by breaking down chemical bonds in nutrients during metabolic processes such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Importantly, as a direct consequence of the First Law of Thermodynamics, autotrophs and heterotrophs participate in a universal metabolic network—by eating autotrophs (plants), heterotrophs harness energy that was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18281967", "chunk_text": "Plant\nall ecosystems. Photosynthesis, at first by cyanobacteria and later by photosynthetic eukaryotes, radically changed the composition of the early Earth's anoxic atmosphere, which as a result is now 21% oxygen. Animals and most other organisms are aerobic, relying on oxygen; those that do not are confined to relatively rare anaerobic environments. Plants are the primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems and form the basis of the food web in those ecosystems. Many animals rely on plants for shelter as well as oxygen and food. Land plants are key components of the water cycle and several other biogeochemical cycles. Some plants", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11960947", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere\"\nbetween 7 and 5 million years ago over plants that use the less efficient C3 metabolic pathway. At current atmospheric pressures photosynthesis shuts down when atmospheric concentrations fall below 150 ppm and 200 ppm although some microbes can extract carbon from the air at much lower concentrations. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about six times larger than the current power consumption of human civilization. Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year. Photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14735542", "chunk_text": "\"Photosynthetic efficiency\"\nof the energetics of the photosynthesis process from \"\"Photosynthesis\"\" by Hall and Rao: Starting with the solar spectrum falling on a leaf,<br> 47% lost due to photons outside the 400–700 nm active range (chlorophyll utilizes photons between 400 and 700 nm, extracting the energy of one 700 nm photon from each one)<br> 30% of the in-band photons are lost due to incomplete absorption or photons hitting components other than chloroplasts<br> 24% of the absorbed photon energy is lost due to degrading short wavelength photons to the 700 nm energy level<br> 68% of the utilized energy is lost in conversion into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4721068", "chunk_text": "\"Light-harvesting complexes of green plants\"\nlight energy in the photosystem. Light-harvesting complexes of green plants The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll \"\"a\"\" molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem. The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll \"\"b\"\", xanthophylls, and carotenes. Chlorophyll \"\"a\"\" is known as the core pigment. Their absorption spectra are non-overlapping and broaden the range of light that can be absorbed in photosynthesis. The carotenoids have another role as an antioxidant to prevent photo-oxidative damage of chlorophyll molecules. Each antenna complex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13459967", "chunk_text": "\"Biogeochemical cycle\"\norganisms are a part of a \"\"closed system\"\"; therefore, these chemicals are recycled instead of being lost and replenished constantly such as in an open system. The flow of energy in an ecosystem is an \"\"open system\"\"; the sun constantly gives the planet energy in the form of light while it is eventually used and lost in the form of heat throughout the trophic levels of a food web. Carbon is used to make carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, the major sources of food energy. These compounds are oxidized to release carbon dioxide, which can be captured by plants to make", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2513781", "chunk_text": "Botany\nlight that we see as the characteristic colour of these organisms. The energy in the red and blue light that these pigments absorb is used by chloroplasts to make energy-rich carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that generates molecular oxygen (O) as a by-product. The light energy captured by chlorophyll \"\"a\"\" is initially in the form of electrons (and later a proton gradient) that's used to make molecules of ATP and NADPH which temporarily store and transport energy. Their energy is used in the light-independent reactions of the Calvin cycle by the enzyme rubisco", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5365647", "chunk_text": "\"Biological thermodynamics\"\nlike plants need sunlight directly while other organisms like humans can acquire energy from the sun indirectly. There is however evidence that some bacteria can thrive in harsh environments like Antarctica as evidence by the blue-green algae beneath thick layers of ice in the lakes. No matter what the type of living species, all living organisms must capture, transduce, store, and use energy to live. The relationship between the energy of the incoming sunlight and its wavelength or frequency is given by where \"\"h\"\" is the Planck constant (6.63x10Js) and \"\"c\"\" is the speed of light (2.998x10 m/s). Plants trap", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14699051", "chunk_text": "Chloroplast\ntransformed into chemical energy, to subsequently produce food in the form of sugars. Water (HO) and carbon dioxide (CO) are used in photosynthesis, and sugar and oxygen (O) is made, using light energy. Photosynthesis is divided into two stages—the light reactions, where water is split to produce oxygen, and the dark reactions, or Calvin cycle, which builds sugar molecules from carbon dioxide. The two phases are linked by the energy carriers adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The light reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. They take light energy and store it in NADPH, a form", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1822913", "chunk_text": "\"High-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions\"\nproduction is the process by which autotrophs use light to convert carbon from aqueous carbon dioxide to sugar for cellular growth. Light catalyzes the photosynthetic process and nutrients are incorporated into organic material. For photosynthesis to occur, macronutrients such as nitrate and phosphate must be available in sufficient ratios and bioavailable forms for biological utilization. The molecular ratio of 106(Carbon):16(Nitrogen):1(Phosphorus) was discovered by Redfield, Ketcham, and Richards (RKR) and is known as the Redfield Ratio. Photosynthesis (forward) and respiration (reverse) is represented by the equation: Photosynthesis can be limited by deficiencies of certain macronutrients. However, in the North Pacific, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1050813", "chunk_text": "\"Ecological efficiency\"\nremaining is lost during transfer, broken down in respiration, or lost to incomplete digestion by higher trophic level. When organisms are consumed, 10% of the energy in the food is fixed into their flesh and is available for next trophic level (carnivores or omnivores). When a carnivore or an omnivore consumes that animal, only about 10% of energy is fixed in its flesh for the higher level. For example, the Sun releases 1000 J of energy, then plants take only 100 J of energy from sunlight; thereafter, a deer would take 10 J from the plant. A wolf eating the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3684846", "chunk_text": "\"Plant nutrition\"\ntheir growing medium:- These elements stay beneath soil as salts, so plants consume these elements as ions. The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities; hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon contribute to over 95% of a plants' entire biomass on a dry matter weight basis. Micronutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 0.1 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight. Most soil conditions across the world can provide plants adapted to that climate and soil with sufficient nutrition for a complete life cycle, without the addition of nutrients as fertilizer. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6148500", "chunk_text": "\"Biological thermodynamics\"\nprimarily on photosynthesis. The total energy captured by photosynthesis in green plants from the solar radiation is about 2 x 10 joules of energy per year. Annual energy captured by photosynthesis in green plants is about 4% of the total sunlight energy that reaches Earth. The energy transformations in biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents are exceptions; they oxidize sulfur, obtaining their energy via chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. The field of biological thermodynamics is focused on principles of chemical thermodynamics in biology and biochemistry. Principles covered include the first law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs free energy, statistical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6278776", "chunk_text": "Phototroph\nCO as its carbon source. Examples include plants. In contrast to photoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs are organisms that depend solely on light for their energy and principally on organic compounds for their carbon. Photoheterotrophs produce ATP through photophosphorylation but use environmentally obtained organic compounds to build structures and other bio-molecules. Phototroph Phototrophs (\"\"Gr\"\": φῶς, φωτός = light, τροϕή = nourishment) are the organisms that carry out photon capture to acquire energy. They use the energy from light to carry out various cellular metabolic processes. It is a common misconception that phototrophs are obligatorily photosynthetic. Many, but not all, phototrophs often photosynthesize: they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1050806", "chunk_text": "\"Ecological efficiency\"\nbroken down into gross and net primary production. Gross primary production is a measure of the energy that a photoautotroph harvests from the sun. Take, for example, a blade of grass that takes in \"\"x\"\" joules of energy from the sun. The fraction of that energy that is converted into glucose reflects the gross productivity of the blade of grass. The energy remaining after respiration is considered the net primary production. In general, gross production refers to the energy contained within an organism before respiration and net production the energy after respiration. The terms can be used to describe energy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16323455", "chunk_text": "FAPAR\nFAPAR The Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR, sometimes also noted fAPAR or fPAR) is the fraction of the incoming solar radiation in the Photosynthetically Active Radiation spectral region that is absorbed by a photosynthetic organism, typically describing the light absorption across an integrated plant canopy. This biophysical variable is directly related to the primary productivity of photosynthesis and some models use it to estimate the assimilation of carbon dioxide in vegetation. FAPAR can be derived from space measurements in the solar spectral range and a number of state of the art algorithms have been proposed to estimate this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1050805", "chunk_text": "\"Ecological efficiency\"\nEcological efficiency Ecological efficiency describes the efficiency with which energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. It is determined by a combination of efficiencies relating to organismic resource acquisition and assimilation in an ecosystem. Primary production occurs in autotrophic organisms of an ecosystem. Photoautotrophs such as vascular plants and algae convert energy from the sun into energy stored as carbon compounds. Photosynthesis is carried out in the chlorophyll of green plants. The energy converted through photosynthesis is carried through the trophic levels of an ecosystem as organisms consume members of lower trophic levels. Primary production can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17572584", "chunk_text": "Biosequestration\nfor the Amazon Basin, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia for three periods in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Biosequestration may be enhanced by improving photosynthetic efficiency by modifying RuBisCO genes in plants to increase the catalytic and/or oxygenation activity of that enzyme. One such research area involves increasing the Earth's proportion of C4 carbon fixation photosynthetic plants. C4 plants represent about 5% of Earth's plant biomass and 1% of its known plant species, but account for around 30% of terrestrial carbon fixation. In leaves of C3 plants, captured photons of solar energy undergo photosynthesis which assimilates carbon into carbohydrates (triosephosphates)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8695667", "chunk_text": "Photosynthesis\nlight reactions reduces photorespiration and increases fixation and, thus, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaf. plants can produce more sugar than plants in conditions of high light and temperature. Many important crop plants are plants, including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, and millet. Plants that do not use PEP-carboxylase in carbon fixation are called C plants because the primary carboxylation reaction, catalyzed by RuBisCO, produces the three-carbon 3-phosphoglyceric acids directly in the Calvin-Benson cycle. Over 90% of plants use carbon fixation, compared to 3% that use carbon fixation; however, the evolution of in over 60 plant lineages makes it a striking example", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3228	what is the number of total presidential electoral votes?	n/a	[ "538" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1504026", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nUnited States Electoral College The United States Electoral College is a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, and an absolute majority of 270 electoral votes is required to win an election. Pursuant to , the legislature of each state determines the manner by which its electors are chosen. Each state's number of electors is equal to the combined total of the state's membership in the Senate and House of Representatives; currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20761986", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nlarge victory margins for Barack Obama in the 2012 election and for Hillary Clinton in 2016. United States Electoral College The United States Electoral College is a body of electors established by the United States Constitution, constituted every four years for the sole purpose of electing the president and vice president of the United States. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors, and an absolute majority of 270 electoral votes is required to win an election. Pursuant to , the legislature of each state determines the manner by which its electors are chosen. Each state's number of electors is equal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20760204", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nelectors\"\" have voted for other candidates or refrained from voting. A candidate must receive an absolute majority of electoral votes (currently 270) to win the presidency or the vice presidency. If no candidate receives a majority in the election for president or vice president, the election is determined via a contingency procedure established by the Twelfth Amendment. In such a situation, the House chooses one of the top three presidential electoral vote-winners as the president, while the Senate chooses one of the top two vice presidential electoral vote-winners as vice president. A state's number of electors equals the number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3827185", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nfor either or both offices receives a majority, then choice falls to Congress in a procedure known as contingent election. Even though the aggregate national popular vote is calculated by state officials, media organizations, and the Federal Election Commission, the people only indirectly elect the president, as the national popular vote is not the basis for electing the president or vice president. The president and vice president of the United States are elected by the Electoral College, which consists of 538 presidential electors from the fifty states and Washington, D.C. Presidential electors are selected on a state-by-state basis, as determined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6673964", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral college\"\nboth houses), with the non-state District of Columbia receiving the number it would have if it were a state, but in no case more than that of the least populous state. The electors generally cast their votes for the winner of the popular vote in their respective states. However, there are several states where this is not required by law. In the United States, 270 electoral votes are currently required to win the presidential election. \"\"Colleges\"\" of electors play a role in elections in other countries, albeit with electors allocated in ways differing from the United States. In Germany, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8474755", "chunk_text": "Electoral-vote.com\nthe presidential candidates, joined in September by UCLA-trained historian Christopher Bates. During the primaries, the site tracked the leading candidates' expected delegate counts, and progress toward nomination. After the primaries, it began projections based on the polling to date. The site projected that Hilary Clinton would receive 317 electoral votes, and Donald Trump would receive 215, compared to the actual \"\"upset\"\" result: 232 for Clinton and 306 for Trump. Following the election, Tanenbaum and Bates updated the site with daily links to news items and commentary about them. In early September 2018 the site began tracking polling information for Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3884443", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nas the total number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress, while, per the Twenty-third Amendment ratified in 1961, Washington, D.C. casts the same number of electoral votes as the least-represented state, which is three. Also under Clause 2, the manner for choosing electors is determined by each state legislature, not directly by the federal government. Many state legislatures previously selected their electors directly, but over time all of them switched to using the popular vote to help determine electors, which persists today. Once chosen, electors generally cast their electoral votes for the candidate who won the plurality in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3828884", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nthe House of Representatives to go into session immediately to vote for a president if no candidate for president receives a majority of the electoral votes (since 1964, 270 of the 538 electoral votes). In this event, the House of Representatives is limited to choosing from among the three candidates who received the most electoral votes for president. Each state delegation votes \"\"en bloc\"\"—each delegation having a single vote; the District of Columbia does not receive a vote. A candidate must receive an absolute majority of state delegation votes (i.e., at present, a minimum of 26 votes) in order for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3675334", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections\"\nelectoral votes in 2008, he lost all of the state's votes in 2012\"\" Electoral votes of the party that won in 2016: Republican Party <nowiki></nowiki>\"\"Trump received one of Maine's four electoral votes, for his win in Maine's second Congressional district\"\" <nowiki>†</nowiki>\"\"Trump received 36 of Texas' 38 electoral votes, while two electors voted for other candidates\"\" Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections The following is a summary of the electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections. It summarizes the changes in the Electoral College vote by comparing United States presidential election results for a given year with those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1504027", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nthere are 100 senators and 435 representatives. Additionally, the Twenty-third Amendment provides that the District of Columbia is entitled to a number of electors no greater than that of the least populous state (i.e. 3). Following the national presidential election day in the first week of November, each state counts its popular votes by state law to designate the presidential electors chosen in that election. These electors meet in the state capitals in December to cast their electoral votes for that state. The results are certified by the states and the District of Columbia to Congress where they are tabulated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19559733", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote\"\nby electors of the Electoral College. Alternatively, if no candidate receives an absolute majority of electoral votes, the election is determined by the House of Representatives. These procedures are governed by the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution. When individuals cast ballots in the general election, they are choosing electors and telling them whom they should vote for in the Electoral College. The \"\"national popular vote\"\" is the sum of all the votes cast in the general election, nationwide. The presidential elections of 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016 produced an Electoral College winner who did not receive the most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3884441", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nUnited States presidential election The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a total of 538, since the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10515959", "chunk_text": "\"President of the United States\"\nelectoral votes to Congress. The votes of the electors are opened and counted during a joint session of Congress, held in the first week of January. If a candidate has received an absolute majority of electoral votes for president (currently 270 of 538), that person is declared the winner. Otherwise, the House of Representatives must meet to elect a president using a contingent election procedure in which representatives, voting by state delegation, with each state casting a single vote, choose between the top electoral vote-getters for president. For a candidate to win, he or she must receive the votes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3279331", "chunk_text": "\"United States' presidential plurality victories\"\nUnited States' presidential plurality victories In the United States, Presidential plurality victories are those elections in which the winning candidate received less than 50% of the popular votes cast but the largest share of votes. The popular vote in an American presidential election was first fully recorded and reported in the election of 1824. Since then, 19 presidential elections have occurred in which a candidate was elected or reelected without gaining a majority of the popular vote. The following is a list and description of those elections in which a candidate won the election with a plurality of the popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3884442", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nTwenty-Third Amendment granting voting rights to citizens of Washington, D.C.) is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for President, the House of Representatives chooses the winner; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for Vice President, then the Senate chooses the winner. The Electoral College and its procedure are established in the U.S. Constitution by Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 4; and the Twelfth Amendment (which replaced Clause 3 after its ratification in 1804). Under Clause 2, each of the states casts as many electoral votes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3675324", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections\"\nElectoral vote changes between United States presidential elections The following is a summary of the electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections. It summarizes the changes in the Electoral College vote by comparing United States presidential election results for a given year with those from the immediate preceding election. It tracks those states which changed their support between parties as well as changes resulting from other factors, such as reapportionment. Electoral votes of the party that won in 1792: None <nowiki></nowiki> \"\"Washington received only 10 of Virginia's 12 electoral votes in the 1788 election.\"\" Electoral votes of the party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1504044", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\non a popular election held on Election Day. The popular election for electors means the president and vice president are in effect chosen through indirect election by the citizens. Since the mid-19th century when all electors have been popularly chosen, the Electoral College has elected the candidate who received the most popular votes nationwide, except in four elections: 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016. In 1824, there were six states in which electors were legislatively appointed, rather than popularly elected, so the true national popular vote is uncertain; the electors failed to select a winning candidate, so the matter was decided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18753557", "chunk_text": "\"President-elect of the United States\"\nascertainment, to the President of the U.S. Senate. The electoral votes are counted in a joint session of Congress in early January (on January 6 as required by 3 U.S. Code, Chapter 1 or an alternative date set by statute) and if the ballots are accepted without objections, the presidential and vice-presidential candidates winning at least 270 electoral votes—a majority of the total number of electoral votes—are certified as having won the election by the incumbent Vice President, in their capacity as President of the Senate. If no presidential candidate reaches the 270-vote threshold, the election for the president would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20761952", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nthan either a simple national plurality or majority. Neither is this feature attributable to having intermediate elections of presidents, caused instead by the winner-takes-all method of allocating each state's slate of electors. Allocation of electors in proportion to the state's popular vote could reduce this effect. Proponents of a national popular vote point out that the combined population of the 50 biggest cities (not including metropolitan areas) only amounts to 15% of the population, although on a Metropolitan Statistical Area basis, the top 50 cities in 2017 comprise over 179 million people amounting to 55% of the U.S. population. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3108106", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote\"\nvote, with Tilden winning 4,288,546 votes and Hayes winning 4,034,311. Tilden was, and remains, the only candidate in American history who lost a presidential election despite receiving a majority (not just a plurality) of the popular vote. After a first count of votes, Tilden won 184 electoral votes to Hayes' 165, with 20 votes unresolved. These 20 electoral votes were in dispute in four states: in the case of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, each party reported its candidate had won the state, while in Oregon one elector was declared illegal (as an \"\"elected or appointed official\"\") and replaced. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3108116", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote\"\nbattleground state of North Carolina, further contributing to the electoral flip of the popular vote. Trump won by a large margin in Indiana, Missouri, Ohio and Tennessee. When the Electoral College cast its votes on December 19, 2016, Trump received 304 votes to Clinton's 227 with seven electors defecting to other choices, the most faithless electors (2 from Trump, 5 from Clinton) in any presidential election in over a hundred years. Clinton had nonetheless received almost three million more votes (65,853,514 to 62,984,828) in the general election than Trump, giving Clinton a popular vote lead of 2.1% over Trump. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20760206", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\npopulation would entitle it to only three electors; based on its population per electoral vote, D.C. has the second highest per capita Electoral College representation, after Wyoming. Currently, there is a total of 538 electors, there being 435 representatives and 100 senators, plus the three electors allocated to Washington, D.C. The six states with the most electors are California (55), Texas (38), New York (29), Florida (29), Illinois (20), and Pennsylvania (20). The seven smallest states by population—Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming—have three electors each. This is because each of these states is entitled to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20934514", "chunk_text": "\"Contingent election\"\nMartin Van Buren's vice-presidential nominee Richard Mentor Johnson, denying him a majority of the electoral vote and forcing the Senate to elect him in a contingent election. In the United States, the president and vice president are indirectly elected by the Electoral College, which (since ratification of the 23rd Amendment in 1961) consists of 538 presidential electors from the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Presidential electors themselves are directly elected on a state-by-state basis. Since the election of 1824, a majority of the states have chosen their electors on a statewide \"\"winner-take-all\"\" basis, based on the statewide popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6700622", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nbetween the two candidates who received the largest number of electoral votes. In this election, each senator casts an individual vote. In both elections, an absolute majority is required to win: 26 of 50 individual states for president, and 51 of 100 senators for vice president. The District of Columbia would not participate in a contingent election for president or vice president as it is not a state. If no candidate for vice president receives an absolute majority of electoral votes, then the Senate must go into session to elect a vice president. The Senate is limited to choosing from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17350625", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral College (India)\"\ndifferent electoral college, consisting of members (elected as well as nominated) of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The presidential electoral college is made up of the following: The value of votes cast by elected members of the state legislative assemblies and both houses of parliament are determined by the provisions of article 55(2) of the Constitution of India. The details of number of voters and votes for the presidential election are given below. Per the 84th Amendment, the 1971 census is used, and will continue to be used until 2026. The formula for determining the number of votes held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19984289", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States presidential election\"\nvotes in parentheses): Florida (29), Pennsylvania (20), Ohio (18), Michigan (16), Wisconsin (10), Iowa (6), and Maine's second congressional district (1). Initially, Trump won exactly 100 more Electoral College votes than Mitt Romney had in 2012, with two lost to faithless electors in the final tally. Thirty-nine states swung more Republican compared to the previous presidential election, while eleven states and the District of Columbia swung more Democratic. Based on United States Census Bureau estimates of the voting age population (VAP), turnout of voters casting a vote for President was nearly 1% higher than 2012. Examining overall turnout in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1504028", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nnationally in the first week of January before a joint meeting of the Senate and House of Representatives. If a majority of votes are not cast for a candidate, the House resolves itself into a presidential election session with one presidential vote assigned to each of the fifty state delegations, excluding the District of Columbia. The elected president and vice president are inaugurated on January 20. While the electoral vote has given the same result as the popular vote in most elections, this has not been the case in a few elections, including the 2000 and 2016 elections. The Electoral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15601827", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral College abolition amendment\"\nElectoral College abolition amendment Numerous bills have been filed in the U.S. Congress to abolish or reduce the power of the Electoral College. The closest the United States has come to abolishing the Electoral College occurred during the 91st Congress (1969–1971). The presidential election of 1968 resulted in Richard Nixon receiving 301 electoral votes (56% of electors), Hubert Humphrey 191 (35.5%), and George Wallace 46 (8.5%) with 13.5% of the popular vote. However, Nixon had received only 511,944 more popular votes than Humphrey, 43.5% to 42.9%, less than 1% of the national total. Representative Emanuel Celler (D–New York), chairman of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17350627", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral College (India)\"\nvotes for Presidential electors are as follows: Electoral College (India) The President is indirectly elected by means of an electoral college consisting of the elected members of the Parliament of India and the Legislative assemblies of the States and the Union Territories of Delhi and Pondicherry. The number and value of votes are based on the population in 1971 rather than the current population, as a result of the 42nd Amendment, and extended by the 84th Amendment, with the intention to encourage family planning programs in the states by ensuring that states are not penalized for lowering their population growth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14471421", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nresulted between Andrew Jackson and House Speaker Henry Clay, who had also been a candidate in the election. Since 1824, aside from the occasional \"\"faithless elector\"\", the popular vote determines the winner of a presidential election by determining the electoral vote, as each state or district's popular vote determines its electoral college vote. Although the nationwide popular vote does not directly determine the winner of a presidential election, it does strongly correlate with who is the victor. In 53 of the 58 total elections held so far (about 91 percent), the winner of the national popular vote has also carried", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6700667", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nslavery. The closest the United States has come to abolishing the Electoral College occurred during the 91st Congress (1969–1971). The presidential election of 1968 resulted in Richard Nixon receiving 301 electoral votes (56% of electors), Hubert Humphrey 191 (35.5%), and George Wallace 46 (8.5%) with 13.5% of the popular vote. However, Nixon had received only 511,944 more popular votes than Humphrey, 43.5% to 42.9%, less than 1% of the national total. Representative Emanuel Celler (D–New York), chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, responded to public concerns over the disparity between the popular vote and electoral vote by introducing House Joint", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14471463", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nsecuring the greatest amount of the national popular vote, such as during the 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000 and 2016 elections. In theory, it is possible to secure the necessary 270 electoral votes from only the eleven most populous states and then ignore the rest of the country. In 1844, Representative Samuel F. Vinton of Ohio proposed an amendment to the constitution that would replace the electoral college system with a lot system. The Joint Resolution called for each state to elect, by a simple majority, a presidential candidate of said state. Each state would notify Congress of the presidential election", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15831406", "chunk_text": "\"United States' presidential plurality victories\"\nMajority Leader Bob Dole in 1996. As in 1992, Ross Perot again ran an independent campaign. Exit polls suggested that Perot's impact on the vote was negligible. However, in both cases Perot voters prevented Clinton getting 50% of the national vote. United States' presidential plurality victories In the United States, Presidential plurality victories are those elections in which the winning candidate received less than 50% of the popular votes cast but the largest share of votes. The popular vote in an American presidential election was first fully recorded and reported in the election of 1824. Since then, 19 presidential elections", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3884448", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nnumber of electors that is equal to the size of its delegation in both houses of Congress combined. With the ratification of the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution in 1961, the District of Columbia is also granted a number of electors, equal to the number of those held by the least populous state. However, U.S. territories are not represented in the Electoral College. Constitutionally, the manner for choosing electors is determined within each state by its legislature; Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 states that each state shall appoint electors \"\"in such Manner as the Legislature Thereof May Direct.\"\" During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14646216", "chunk_text": "FiveThirtyEight\nFiveThirtyEight FiveThirtyEight, sometimes rendered as 538, is a website that focuses on opinion poll analysis, politics, economics and sports blogging. The website, which takes its name from the number of electors in the United States electoral college, was founded on March 7, 2008 as a polling aggregation website with a blog created by analyst Nate Silver. In August 2010, the blog became a licensed feature of \"\"The New York Times\"\" online. It was renamed \"\"FiveThirtyEight: Nate Silver's Political Calculus\"\". In July 2013, ESPN announced that it would become the owner of the \"\"FiveThirtyEight\"\" brand and site and Silver was appointed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14471472", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nodd-numbered election years. Statistical forecasts: United States presidential election The election of President and Vice President of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the 50 U.S. states or in Washington, D.C. cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the U.S. Electoral College, known as electors. These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President, and for Vice President. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes (at least 270 out of a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7175405", "chunk_text": "\"Presidential Election Reform Act\"\nParty. The initiative's sponsors sought to change the way California's presidential electoral votes are distributed. Currently, as in most states, California's votes in the electoral college are distributed in a winner-take-all manner; whichever presidential candidate wins the state's popular vote wins all 55 of the state's electoral votes. Under Initiative No. 07-0032, the state's electoral votes would instead have been awarded by Congressional district; the candidate who won a Congressional district's popular vote for president would have won an electoral vote representing that district, and the winner of the most electoral votes statewide would have won an additional two votes.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17802854", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections\"\n\"\"Truman received only 11 out of Tennessee's 12 electoral votes\"\" Electoral votes of the party that won in 1952: Republican Party Electoral votes of the party that won in 1956: Republican Party Electoral votes of the party that won in 1960: Democratic Party <nowiki></nowiki> \"\"Kennedy received only 5 out of Alabama's 11 electoral votes\"\" Electoral votes of the party that won in 1964: Democratic Party <nowiki></nowiki> \"\"Kennedy received 5 electoral votes in 1960 of what would have been 10 electoral votes in 1964\"\" Electoral votes of the party that won in 1968: Republican Party <nowiki></nowiki> \"\"Faithless elector in 1968\"\" Electoral", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20574580", "chunk_text": "\"Presidential Electoral College\"\nPresidential Electoral College The Presidential Electoral College () is an electoral college made up of MPs that elects the President of Myanmar. It consists of three separate committees: Each of the three committees nominate a presidential candidate. Afterward, all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw MPs vote for one of three candidates—the candidate with the highest number of votes is elected President, while the other two are elected as Vice Presidents. The Vice Presidents are designated as First and Second Vice President based on who received the second and third highest number of votes. On 4 February 2011 after 2010 election, the Presidential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19559735", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote\"\nHouse of Representatives. The true national popular vote total was also uncertain in the 1960 election, and the plurality winner depends on how votes for Alabama electors are allocated. The 1824 presidential election was the first election in American history in which the popular vote mattered, as 18 states chose presidential electors by popular vote in 1824 (six states still left the choice up to their state legislatures). When the final votes were tallied in those 18 states, Andrew Jackson polled 152,901 popular votes to John Quincy Adams's 114,023; Henry Clay won 47,217, and William H. Crawford won 46,979. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6700614", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nthan voting for Al Gore as she had pledged to do. In 2016, seven electors voted contrary to their pledges. Faithless electors have never changed the outcome of any presidential election. The Twelfth Amendment mandates Congress assemble in joint session to count the electoral votes and declare the winners of the election. The session is ordinarily required to take place on January 6 in the calendar year immediately following the meetings of the presidential electors. Since the Twentieth Amendment, the newly elected Congress declares the winner of the election; all elections before 1936 were determined by the outgoing House. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10088153", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections\"\n21 electoral votes in the 1796 election.\"\" Electoral votes of the party that won in 1800: Democratic-Republican Party <nowiki></nowiki> \"\"Jefferson received only 4 of Maryland's 10 electoral votes in the 1796 election. In 1800, he received 5 of 10\"\" <nowiki>†</nowiki> \"\"Jefferson received only 20 of Virginia's 21 electoral votes in the 1796 election.\"\" <nowiki>‡</nowiki> \"\"Jefferson received only 8 of North Carolina's 12 electoral votes in the 1800 election, as opposed to the 11 of 12 he received in 1796.\"\" <nowiki>↑</nowiki> \"\"Jefferson received only 8 of Pennsylvania's 15 electoral votes in the 1800 election, as opposed to the 14 of 15", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14471467", "chunk_text": "\"United States presidential election\"\nand bonus plans have in common a higher valuation on the popular vote for president. This is a table of electoral college results. Included are candidates who received at least 1 electoral vote or at least 5% of the popular vote. Voter turnout in the 2004 and 2008 elections showed a noticeable increase over the turnout in 1996 and 2000. Prior to 2004, voter turnout in presidential elections had been decreasing while voter registration, measured in terms of voting age population (VAP) by the U.S. Census, has been increasing. The VAP figure, however, includes persons ineligible to vote – mainly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17802851", "chunk_text": "\"Electoral vote changes between United States presidential elections\"\nonly major party at the time), this chart only shows the electoral votes of the winning candidate, even though he did not receive a plurality of the electoral votes and the election was decided in the United States House of Representatives. <nowiki>*</nowiki> \"\"Adams received only 1 of Delaware's 3 electoral votes in the 1824 election.\"\" <nowiki>†</nowiki> \"\"Adams received only 1 of Illinois's 3 electoral votes in the 1824 election.\"\" <nowiki>‡</nowiki> \"\"Adams received only 2 of Louisiana's 5 electoral votes in the 1824 election.\"\" <nowiki>↑</nowiki> \"\"Adams received only 3 of Maryland's 11 electoral votes in the 1824 election.\"\" <nowiki>↓</nowiki> \"\"Adams received", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15636217", "chunk_text": "Electoral-vote.com\nRepublicans, and 1 by Lisa Murkowski (a Republican running a write-in campaign). It was incorrect about Colorado and Nevada, which instead went to Democrats. It projected 202 House seats held by Democrats, 216 seats held by Republicans, with 17 too close to call. The actual outcome was 195 Democrats and 240 Republicans. In 2012 the site projected the electoral votes for Barack Obama and Mitt Romney, and the Senate. Its final analysis predicted 303 electoral votes for Obama, and 220 for Romney, with 15 votes (North Carolina's) too close to call. The actual outcome was 332 to 206; North Carolina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5477463", "chunk_text": "\"U.S. state\"\nredistricting, and within each state all districts are required to have approximately equal populations. Citizens in each state plus those in the District of Columbia indirectly elect the president and vice president. When casting ballots in presidential elections they are voting for presidential electors, who then, using procedures provided in the 12th amendment, elect the president and vice president. There were 538 electors for the most recent presidential election in 2016; the allocation of electoral votes was based on the 2010 census. Each state is entitled to a number of electors equal to the total number of representatives and senators", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12448042", "chunk_text": "\"Bush v. Gore\"\nprovide for the selection of electors by popular vote within each state. While these laws vary, most states, including Florida, award all electoral votes to the candidate for either office who receives a plurality of the state's popular vote. Any candidate who receives an absolute majority of all electoral votes nationally (270 since 1963) wins the Presidential or Vice Presidential election. According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 counties—accounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Florida—did not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but \"\"[n]o one from the Gore campaign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3828885", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nthat candidate to become the \"\"president-elect\"\". Additionally, delegations from at least two thirds of all the states must be present for voting to take place. The House continues balloting until it elects a president. The House of Representatives has chosen the president only twice: in 1801 under Article II, Section 1, Clause 3; and in 1825 under the Twelfth Amendment. In a contingent presidential election, the House of Representatives, voting by state, elects the president, choosing from among the three candidates who received the most electoral votes. In a contingent vice presidential election, the Senate elects the vice president, choosing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20760209", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nUnited States Constitution in order to hold either a state or federal office, and later rebelled against the United States directly or by giving assistance to those doing so, is disqualified from being an elector. However, the Congress may remove this disqualification by a two-thirds vote in each House. Since the Civil War, all states have chosen presidential electors by popular vote. This process has been normalized to the point the names of the electors appear on the ballot in only eight states: Rhode Island, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arizona, Idaho, Oklahoma, North Dakota and South Dakota. Since 1996, all but two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6700657", "chunk_text": "\"United States Electoral College\"\nthe United States, such as Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and Guam, are not entitled to electors in presidential elections. Constitutionally, only U.S. states (per ) and Washington, D.C. (per the Twenty-third Amendment) are entitled to electors. Guam has held non-binding straw polls for president since the 1980s to draw attention to this fact. This means that roughly 4 million Americans do not have the right to vote in presidential elections. Various scholars consequently conclude that the U.S. national-electoral process is not fully democratic. Researchers have variously attempted to measure which states' voters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3229	where does fungi go on a food web?	n/a	[ "the end", "decomposers", "At the end" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1266207", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nAlthough often inconspicuous, fungi occur in every environment on Earth and play very important roles in most ecosystems. Along with bacteria, fungi are the major decomposers in most terrestrial (and some aquatic) ecosystems, and therefore play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles and in many food webs. As decomposers, they play an essential role in nutrient cycling, especially as saprotrophs and symbionts, degrading organic matter to inorganic molecules, which can then re-enter anabolic metabolic pathways in plants or other organisms. Many fungi have important symbiotic relationships with organisms from most if not all Kingdoms. These interactions can be mutualistic or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "354846", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nFungus A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plants and animals. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Similar to animals, fungi are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesise. Growth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356612", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\nloops) are sufficient to explain patterns within boundaries, such as the edge of a forest, an island, a shoreline, or some other pronounced physical characteristic. In a detrital web, plant and animal matter is broken down by decomposers, e.g., bacteria and fungi, and moves to detritivores and then carnivores. There are often relationships between the detrital web and the grazing web. Mushrooms produced by decomposers in the detrital web become a food source for deer, squirrels, and mice in the grazing web. Earthworms eaten by robins are detritivores consuming decaying leaves. \"\"Detritus can be broadly defined as any form of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1266160", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nby plants. Many of the plant and fungal enzymes that make these compounds differ from each other in sequence and other characteristics, which indicates separate origins and convergent evolution of these enzymes in the fungi and plants. Fungi have a worldwide distribution, and grow in a wide range of habitats, including extreme environments such as deserts or areas with high salt concentrations or ionizing radiation, as well as in deep sea sediments. Some can survive the intense UV and cosmic radiation encountered during space travel. Most grow in terrestrial environments, though several species live partly or solely in aquatic habitats,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15200252", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\nFood web A food web (or food cycle) is a natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the Sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5286380", "chunk_text": "\"Soil food web\"\nSoil food web The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil. It describes a complex living system in the soil and how it interacts with the environment, plants, and animals. Food webs describe the transfer of energy between species in an ecosystem. While a food chain examines one, linear, energy pathway through an ecosystem, a food web is more complex and illustrates all of the potential pathways. Much of this transferred energy comes from the sun. Plants use the sun’s energy to convert inorganic compounds into energy-rich, organic compounds,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15685418", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nFungivore Fungivory or mycophagy is the process of organisms consuming fungi. Many different organisms have been recorded to gain their energy from consuming fungi, including birds, mammals, insects, plants, amoebas, gastropods, nematodes, bacteria and other fungi. Some of these, which only eat fungi, are called fungivores whereas others eat fungi as only part of their diet, being omnivores. Many mammals eat fungi, but only a few feed exclusively on fungi; most are opportunistic feeders and fungi only make up part of their diet. At least 22 species of primate, including humans, bonobos, colobines, gorillas, lemurs, macaques, mangabeys, marmosets and vervet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3808116", "chunk_text": "\"Soil food web\"\nflowed from lower resources to higher trophic levels through three main channels. The bacterial and fungal channels had the largest energy flow, while the herbivory channel, in which organisms directly consumed plant roots, was smaller. It is now widely recognized that bacteria and fungi are critical to the decomposition of carbon and nitrogen and play important roles in both the carbon cycle and nitrogen cycle. An interaction web, shown above right, is similar to a topological web, but instead of showing the movement of energy or materials, the arrows show how one group influences another. In interaction food web models,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5286401", "chunk_text": "\"Soil food web\"\nfood webs stability and how food webs change over time. This knowledge is critical to understanding how food webs affect important qualities such as soil fertility. Soil food web The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil. It describes a complex living system in the soil and how it interacts with the environment, plants, and animals. Food webs describe the transfer of energy between species in an ecosystem. While a food chain examines one, linear, energy pathway through an ecosystem, a food web is more complex and illustrates all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4871071", "chunk_text": "\"Microbial food web\"\nMicrobial food web The microbial food web refers to the combined trophic interactions among microbes in aquatic environments. These microbes include viruses, bacteria, algae, heterotrophic protists (such as ciliates and flagellates). In aquatic environments, microbes constitute the base of the food web. Single celled photosynthetic organisms such as diatoms and cyanobacteria are generally the most important primary producers in the open ocean. Many of these cells, especially cyanobacteria, are too small to be captured and consumed by small crustaceans and planktonic larvae. Instead, these cells are consumed by phagotrophic protists which are readily consumed by larger organisms. Viruses can infect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3245147", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\ndead or damaged hyphae. The majority of our knowledge in this area relates to interactions between bacteria and fungi in the soil and in or around plants, little is known about interactions in marine and freshwater habitats, or those occurring on or inside animals. It is not known what affects bacterial mycophagy has on the fungal communities in nature. There are three mechanisms by which bacteria feed on fungi; they either kill fungal cells, cause them to secrete more material out of their cells or enter into the cells to feed internally and they are categorised according to these habits.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356592", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\nby capturing the sun's energy in photosynthesis, than they use during metabolic respiration. Heterotrophs consume rather than produce biomass energy as they metabolize, grow, and add to levels of secondary production. A food web depicts a collection of polyphagous heterotrophic consumers that network and cycle the flow of energy and nutrients from a productive base of self-feeding autotrophs. The base or basal species in a food web are those species without prey and can include autotrophs or saprophytic detritivores (i.e., the community of decomposers in soil, biofilms, and periphyton). Feeding connections in the web are called trophic links. The number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18596435", "chunk_text": "\"Food chain\"\nFood chain A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria). A food chain also shows how the organisms are related with each other by the food they eat. Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level. A food chain differs from a food web, because the complex network", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11077950", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nfungus, possibly consisting of degraded cell wall material. \"\"G. acuta\"\" then feeds through the hole in the cell wall for, on average, 10 minutes, before detaching itself and moving away. The precise mechanism of feeding is not known, but it conceivably involves enzymes including acid phosphatases, cellulases and chitinases. Microtubules are visible in the feeding tube, as are possible reserves of cell membrane, which may be used to form food vacuoles filled with the cytoplasm of the fungus, via endocytosis, which are then transported back into \"\"G. acuta\"\". The holes made by \"\"G. acuta\"\" bear some similarities to those made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "354848", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nthe Greek μύκης \"\"mykes\"\", mushroom). In the past, mycology was regarded as a branch of botany, although it is now known fungi are genetically more closely related to animals than to plants. Abundant worldwide, most fungi are inconspicuous because of the small size of their structures, and their cryptic lifestyles in soil or on dead matter. Fungi include symbionts of plants, animals, or other fungi and also parasites. They may become noticeable when fruiting, either as mushrooms or as molds. Fungi perform an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter and have fundamental roles in nutrient cycling and exchange", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356594", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\nor predators, each containing many species in a web that can otherwise be connected to other trophic species. Food webs have trophic levels and positions. Basal species, such as plants, form the first level and are the resource limited species that feed on no other living creature in the web. Basal species can be autotrophs or detritivores, including \"\"decomposing organic material and its associated microorganisms which we defined as detritus, micro-inorganic material and associated microorganisms (MIP), and vascular plant material.\"\" Most autotrophs capture the sun's energy in chlorophyll, but some autotrophs (the chemolithotrophs) obtain energy by the chemical oxidation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6403825", "chunk_text": "\"Carnivorous fungus\"\nCarnivorous fungus Carnivorous fungi or predaceous fungi are fungi that derive some or most of their nutrients from trapping and eating microscopic or other minute animals. More than 200 species have been described, belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Mucoromycotina, and Basidiomycota. They usually live in soil and many species trap or stun nematodes (nematophagous fungus), while others attack amoebae or collembola. Fungi that grow on the epidermis, hair, skin, nails, scales or feathers of living or dead animals are considered to be dermatophytes rather than carnivores. Similarly fungi in orifices and the digestive tract of animals are not carnivorous, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "354850", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nanimals including humans. The fruiting structures of a few species contain psychotropic compounds and are consumed recreationally or in traditional spiritual ceremonies. Fungi can break down manufactured materials and buildings, and become significant pathogens of humans and other animals. Losses of crops due to fungal diseases (e.g., rice blast disease) or food spoilage can have a large impact on human food supplies and local economies. The fungus kingdom encompasses an enormous diversity of taxa with varied ecologies, life cycle strategies, and morphologies ranging from unicellular aquatic chytrids to large mushrooms. However, little is known of the true biodiversity of Kingdom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10749587", "chunk_text": "Mycelium\nbe extensive, as in Armillaria ostoyae: Through the mycelium, a fungus absorbs nutrients from its environment. It does this in a two-stage process. First, the hyphae secrete enzymes onto or into the food source, which break down biological polymers into smaller units such as monomers. These monomers are then absorbed into the mycelium by facilitated diffusion and active transport. Mycelium is vital in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for their role in the decomposition of plant material. They contribute to the organic fraction of soil, and their growth releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere (see carbon cycle). Ectomycorrhizal extramatrical mycelium,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1650629", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nfungus in the genus \"\"Termitomyces\"\". The fungus is kept in a specialised part of the nest in fungus cones. Worker termites eat plant matter, producing faecal pellets which they continuously place on top of the cone. The fungus grows into this material and soon produces immature mushrooms, a rich source of protein, sugars and enzymes, which the worker termites eat. The nodules also contain indigestible asexual spores, meaning that the faecal pellets produced by the workers always contain spores of the fungus that colonise the plant material that they defaecate. The \"\"Termitomyces\"\" also fruits, forming mushrooms above ground, which mature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356593", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\nof trophic links per consumer is a measure of food web connectance. Food chains are nested within the trophic links of food webs. Food chains are linear (noncyclic) feeding pathways that trace monophagous consumers from a base species up to the top consumer, which is usually a larger predatory carnivore. Linkages connect to nodes in a food web, which are aggregates of biological taxa called trophic species. Trophic species are functional groups that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Common examples of an aggregated node in a food web might include parasites, microbes, decomposers, saprotrophs, consumers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "354849", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nin the environment. They have long been used as a direct source of human food, in the form of mushrooms and truffles; as a leavening agent for bread; and in the fermentation of various food products, such as wine, beer, and soy sauce. Since the 1940s, fungi have been used for the production of antibiotics, and, more recently, various enzymes produced by fungi are used industrially and in detergents. Fungi are also used as biological pesticides to control weeds, plant diseases and insect pests. Many species produce bioactive compounds called mycotoxins, such as alkaloids and polyketides, that are toxic to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1266209", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nthese key plant nutrients. The fungal partners may also mediate plant-to-plant transfer of carbohydrates and other nutrients. Such mycorrhizal communities are called \"\"common mycorrhizal networks\"\". A special case of mycorrhiza is myco-heterotrophy, whereby the plant parasitizes the fungus, obtaining all of its nutrients from its fungal symbiont. Some fungal species inhabit the tissues inside roots, stems, and leaves, in which case they are called endophytes. Similar to mycorrhiza, endophytic colonization by fungi may benefit both symbionts; for example, endophytes of grasses impart to their host increased resistance to herbivores and other environmental stresses and receive food and shelter from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6023573", "chunk_text": "\"Food chain\"\nto another decreases. Food chain A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria). A food chain also shows how the organisms are related with each other by the food they eat. Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level. A food chain differs from a food web, because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15093166", "chunk_text": "Mycobiome\nMycobiome The mycobiome, mycobiota, or fungal microbiome, is the fungal community in and on an organism. There is a low abundance of fungi associated with most human body sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract, where fungi typically compose just 0.001 - 0.1% of the microbial community. However, fungi compose a significant fraction of the microbiome at some locations, such as the ear canal. The mycobiome is relevant to human physiology as fungi may be important in maintaining microbial community structure, metabolic function, and immune-priming. Mutualism between humans and fungi is not yet well understood, and there is much to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7525910", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nis likely they also eat species of Agaricales and Pezizales but these have not been found in their droppings since they disintegrate when they are eaten. Emus (\"\"Dromaius novaehollandiae\"\") will eat immature \"\"Lycoperdon\"\" and \"\"Bovista\"\" fungi if presented to them as will brush turkeys (\"\"Alectura lathami\"\") if offered \"\"Mycena\"\", suggesting that species of Megapodiidae may feed opportunistically on mushrooms. Mycoparasitism occurs when any fungus feeds on other fungi, a form of parasitism, our knowledge of it in natural environments is very limited. \"\"Collybia\"\" grow on dead mushrooms. The fungal genus, \"\"Trichoderma\"\" produces enzymes such as chitinases which degrade the cell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1482722", "chunk_text": "\"Soil food web\"\nconsumers (predators). The phrase, trophic level, refers to the different levels or steps in the energy pathway. In other words, the producers, consumers, and decomposers are the main trophic levels. This chain of energy transferring from one species to another can continue several more times, but eventually ends. At the end of the food chain, decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead plant and animal material into simple nutrients. The nature of soil makes direct observation of food webs difficult. Since soil organisms range in size from less than 0.1 mm (nematodes) to greater than 2 mm (earthworms)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4871073", "chunk_text": "\"Microbial food web\"\nmacromolecules. Excess photosynthate, or DOC is then released, or exuded. The microbial loop describes a pathway in the microbial food web where DOC is returned to higher trophic levels via the incorporation into bacterial biomass. Microbial food web The microbial food web refers to the combined trophic interactions among microbes in aquatic environments. These microbes include viruses, bacteria, algae, heterotrophic protists (such as ciliates and flagellates). In aquatic environments, microbes constitute the base of the food web. Single celled photosynthetic organisms such as diatoms and cyanobacteria are generally the most important primary producers in the open ocean. Many of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "354847", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nis their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the \"\"Eumycota\"\" (\"\"true fungi\"\" or \"\"Eumycetes\"\"), which share a common ancestor (form a \"\"monophyletic group\"\"), an interpretation that is also strongly supported by molecular phylogenetics. This fungal group is distinct from the structurally similar myxomycetes (slime molds) and oomycetes (water molds). The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology (from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1650638", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nmembers of the Lepiotaceae and Pterulaceae families. Other fungi in the genus \"\"Escovopsis\"\" parasitise the gardens and antibiotic-producing bacteria also inhabit the gardens. The marine snail \"\"Littoraria irrorata\"\", which lives in the salt marshes of the southeast of the United States feeds on fungi that it encourages to grow. It creates and maintains wounds on the grass, \"\"Spartina alterniflora\"\" which are then infected by fungi, probably of the \"\"Phaeosphaeria\"\" and \"\"Mycosphaerella\"\" genera, which are the preferred diet of the snail. They also deposit faeces on the wounds that they create, which encourage the growth of the fungi because they are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11077948", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nmycorrhizal fungi, they may benefit, because the fungi gain nutrition from the plant and in turn the fungi will secrete more sugars. The third group, that enter into living fungal cells are called endocellular biotrophs. Some of these are transmitted vertically whereas others are able to actively invade and subvert fungal cells. The molecular interactions involved in these interactions are mostly unknown. Many endocellular biotrophs, for example some \"\"Burkholderia\"\" species, belong to the β-proteobacteria which also contains species which live inside the cells of mammals and amoeba. Some of them, for example \"\"Candidatus\"\" Glomeribacter gigasporarum, which colonises the spores of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7525941", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nrich in nitrogen and fungal hyphae. Juvenile snails raised on uninfected leaves do not grow and are more likely to die, indicating the importance of the fungi in the diet of \"\"L. irrorata\"\". Fungivore Fungivory or mycophagy is the process of organisms consuming fungi. Many different organisms have been recorded to gain their energy from consuming fungi, including birds, mammals, insects, plants, amoebas, gastropods, nematodes, bacteria and other fungi. Some of these, which only eat fungi, are called fungivores whereas others eat fungi as only part of their diet, being omnivores. Many mammals eat fungi, but only a few feed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10652592", "chunk_text": "Mycobiota\nMycobiota Mycobiota (plural noun, no singular) are a group of all the fungi present in a particular geographic region (e.g. \"\"the mycobiota of Ireland\"\") or habitat type (e.g. \"\"the mycobiota of cocoa\"\"). Mycobiota exist on the surface and in the gastrointestinal system of humans. There are as many as sixty-six genera and 184 species in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy people. Most of these are in the \"\"Candida\"\" genera. Though found to be present on the skin and in the gi tract in healthy individuals, the normal resident mycobiota can become pathogenic in those who are immunocompromized. Such multispecies infections", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20726749", "chunk_text": "\"Extracellular digestion\"\nvertebrates. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms. Heterotrophic nutrition means that fungi utilize extracellular sources of organic energy, organic material or organic matter, for their maintenance, growth and reproduction. Energy is derived from the breakdown of the chemical bond between carbon and either carbon or other components of compounds such as a phosphate ion. The extracellular sources of energy may be simple sugars, polypeptides or more complex carbohydrate. Fungi can only absorb small molecules through their walls. For fungi to gain their energy needs, they find and absorb organic molecules appropriate to their needs, either immediately or following some form of enzyme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1266214", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nto this nutritional enrichment the larvae of woodboring insect is able to grow and develop to adulthood. The larvae of many families of fungicolous flies, particularly those within the superfamily Sciaroidea such as the Mycetophilidae and some Keroplatidae feed on fungal fruiting bodies and sterile mycorrhizae. Many fungi are parasites on plants, animals (including humans), and other fungi. Serious pathogens of many cultivated plants causing extensive damage and losses to agriculture and forestry include the rice blast fungus \"\"Magnaporthe oryzae\"\", tree pathogens such as \"\"Ophiostoma ulmi\"\" and \"\"Ophiostoma novo-ulmi\"\" causing Dutch elm disease and \"\"Cryphonectria parasitica\"\" responsible for chestnut blight,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "354896", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nMembers of this small phylum are anaerobic organisms, living in the digestive system of larger herbivorous mammals and in other terrestrial and aquatic environments enriched in cellulose (e.g., domestic waste landfill sites). They lack mitochondria but contain hydrogenosomes of mitochondrial origin. As in the related chrytrids, neocallimastigomycetes form zoospores that are posteriorly uniflagellate or polyflagellate. Members of the Glomeromycota form arbuscular mycorrhizae, a form of mutualist symbiosis wherein fungal hyphae invade plant root cells and both species benefit from the resulting increased supply of nutrients. All known Glomeromycota species reproduce asexually. The symbiotic association between the Glomeromycota and plants is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15200253", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\nvery small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1266161", "chunk_text": "Fungus\nsuch as the chytrid fungus \"\"Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis\"\", a parasite that has been responsible for a worldwide decline in amphibian populations. This organism spends part of its life cycle as a motile zoospore, enabling it to propel itself through water and enter its amphibian host. Other examples of aquatic fungi include those living in hydrothermal areas of the ocean. Around 120,000 species of fungi have been described by taxonomists, but the global biodiversity of the fungus kingdom is not fully understood. A 2017 estimate suggests there may be between 2.2 and 3.8 million species. In mycology, species have historically been distinguished", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227637", "chunk_text": "Ascomycota\norganisms that require organic compounds as energy sources. These are obtained by feeding on a variety of organic substrates including dead matter, foodstuffs, or as symbionts in or on other living organisms. To obtain these nutrients from their surroundings, ascomycetous fungi secrete powerful digestive enzymes that break down organic substances into smaller molecules, which are then taken up into the cell. Many species live on dead plant material such as leaves, twigs, or logs. Several species colonize plants, animals, or other fungi as parasites or mutualistic symbionts and derive all their metabolic energy in form of nutrients from the tissues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7525939", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\ndiverse today. For these ants, farmed fungi are the only source of food on which their larvae are raised on and are also an important food for adults. Queen ants carry a small part of fungus in small pouches in their mouthparts when they leave the nest to mate, allowing them to establish a new fungus garden when they form a new nest. Different lineages cultivate fungi on different substrates, those that evolved earlier do so on a wide range of plant matter, whereas leaf cutter ants are more selective, mainly using only fresh leaves and flowers. The fungi are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11077938", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nmushrooms, representing a previously undiscovered feeding strategy in ants. Several beetle families, including the Erotylidae, Endomychidae, and certain Tenebrionidae also are specialists on fungi, though they may eat other foods occasionally. Other insects, like fungus gnats and scuttle flies, utilize fungi at their larval stage. Feeding on fungi is crucial for dead wood eaters as this is the only way to acquire nutrients not available in nutritionally scarce dead wood. Jays (\"\"Perisoreus\"\") are believed to be the first birds in which mycophagy was recorded. Canada jays (\"\"P. canadensis\"\"), Siberian jays (\"\"P. infaustus\"\") and Oregon jays (\"\"P. obscurus\"\") have all been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356609", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\ntwo systems. Mineral nutrients are the material resources that organisms need for growth, development, and vitality. Food webs depict the pathways of mineral nutrient cycling as they flow through organisms. Most of the primary production in an ecosystem is not consumed, but is recycled by detritus back into useful nutrients. Many of the Earth's microorganisms are involved in the formation of minerals in a process called biomineralization. Bacteria that live in detrital sediments create and cycle nutrients and biominerals. Food web models and nutrient cycles have traditionally been treated separately, but there is a strong functional connection between the two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10652594", "chunk_text": "Mycobiota\nterms to refer to a single species of fungus, with \"\"M. furfur\"\" the preferred name. There is a peer reviewed mycological journal titled \"\"Mycobiota\"\". Mycobiota Mycobiota (plural noun, no singular) are a group of all the fungi present in a particular geographic region (e.g. \"\"the mycobiota of Ireland\"\") or habitat type (e.g. \"\"the mycobiota of cocoa\"\"). Mycobiota exist on the surface and in the gastrointestinal system of humans. There are as many as sixty-six genera and 184 species in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy people. Most of these are in the \"\"Candida\"\" genera. Though found to be present on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5373637", "chunk_text": "Agaricales\nlocation for several years. Fungi cannot make their own food, namely carbohydrates, as can green plants. Some species are saprobic, obtaining nutrients from dead organic material, whereas others are parasitic on living plants or animals or even on other fungi. Many fungi, especially gilled mushroomes and boletes, have an extensive mycelium that lives in association with the roots of woody plants. This association, which is beneficial to both the fungus and host plant, is termed a mycorrhiza. When the environmental conditions are favorable and the mycelium is at the proper stage of development, one or more fruit bodies are produced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356595", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\ninorganic compounds and can grow in dark environments, such as the sulfur bacterium \"\"Thiobacillus\"\", which lives in hot sulfur springs. The top level has top (or apex) predators which no other species kills directly for its food resource needs. The intermediate levels are filled with omnivores that feed on more than one trophic level and cause energy to flow through a number of food pathways starting from a basal species. In the simplest scheme, the first trophic level (level 1) is plants, then herbivores (level 2), and then carnivores (level 3). The trophic level is equal to one more than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10137773", "chunk_text": "Mold\ntheir presence is visible to the unaided eye only when they form large colonies. A mold colony does not consist of discrete organisms but is an interconnected network of hyphae called a mycelium. All growth occurs at hyphal tips, with cytoplasm and organelles flowing forwards as the hyphae advance over or through new food sources. Nutrients are absorbed at the hyphal tip. In artificial environments such as buildings, humidity and temperature are often stable enough to foster the growth of mold colonies, commonly seen as a downy or furry coating growing on food or other surfaces. Few molds can begin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15093167", "chunk_text": "Mycobiome\nlearned about how fungi interact with the nonfungal constituents of the microbiome. Many human diseases, including hepatitis, cystic fibrosis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease have been associated with changes in the human mycobiome, and it has been proposed that any fungal colonization of the GI tract is a sign of disease. Mycobiome The mycobiome, mycobiota, or fungal microbiome, is the fungal community in and on an organism. There is a low abundance of fungi associated with most human body sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract, where fungi typically compose just 0.001 - 0.1% of the microbial community. However, fungi compose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15631226", "chunk_text": "Hyphomycetes\ntheir extracellular enzymes break down leaf tissue, which in turn is made more palatable to invertebrates. Leaves with fungi (conditioned) are a more nutritious source of food than unconditioned leaves. Coprophilous or dung-loving hyphomycetes are part of the succession of fungi occurring on many kinds of herbivore faeces, playing an important role in breaking down cellulose. Several species are found only on dung, such as \"\"Angulimaya sundara\"\", \"\"Onychophora coprophila\"\", \"\"Pulchromyces fimicola\"\", \"\"Sphondylocephalum verticillatum\"\" and \"\"Stilbella fimetaria\"\". Entomogenous, entomopathogenic or insect-pathogenic hyphomycetes infect and kill insects (and spiders) and are especially diverse in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in Asia. Most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356591", "chunk_text": "\"Food web\"\nwebs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness. Links in food webs map the feeding connections (who eats whom) in an ecological community. \"\"Food cycle\"\" is an obsolete term that is synonymous with food web. Ecologists can broadly group all life forms into one of two trophic layers, the autotrophs and the heterotrophs. Autotrophs produce more biomass energy, either chemically without the sun's energy or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11871520", "chunk_text": "Fungivore\nby amoeba, but unlike amoeba \"\"G. acuta\"\" never engulfs the fungus. Around 90% of land plants live in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, where fungi gain sugars from plants and plants gain nutrients from the soil via the fungi. Some species of plant have evolved to manipulate this symbiosis, so that they no longer give fungi sugars that they produce and instead gain sugars from the fungi, a process called myco-heterotrophy. Some plants are only dependent on fungi as a source of sugars during the early stages of their development, these include most of the orchids as well as many ferns", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3230	who plays noah newman on the young and the restless?	n/a	[ "Robert Gillespie Adamson IV" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3788105", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nNoah Newman Noah Newman is a fictional character from the American soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". He is the only son of the supercouple pairing of Nicholas Newman and Sharon Collins. Born onscreen in 1997, the character was first portrayed by a wide range of child actors before being rapidly aged. Kevin Schmidt was the first actor to play Noah after being aged, appearing from 2008 to September 2010 when the role was recast with Luke Kleintank before being let go in April 2011 with Schmidt being rehired. Schmidt was again let go in 2012, replaced by Robert", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939032", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nof 2012.\"\" Adamson was also listed as the Best Male Newcomer of 2012 by \"\"On-Air On-Soaps\"\"; \"\"Noah’s come and Noah’s go, we think this one will stick! Handsome, charming and he can act\"\" said Michael Fairman. Noah Newman Noah Newman is a fictional character from the American soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". He is the only son of the supercouple pairing of Nicholas Newman and Sharon Collins. Born onscreen in 1997, the character was first portrayed by a wide range of child actors before being rapidly aged. Kevin Schmidt was the first actor to play Noah after being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "175662", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Adamson (actor)\"\nRobert Adamson (actor) Robert Gillespie Adamson IV (born July 11, 1985) is an American actor. He has portrayed the roles of Phil Sanders on the television series \"\"Hollywood Heights\"\" and Charles Antoni on \"\"Lincoln Heights\"\". He starred as Noah Newman on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" from 2012-2018. Adamson attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts until 2005. Adamson and then-fiancée Linsey Godfrey welcomed daughter Aleda Seren, on June 12, 2014. He and Godfrey made their last public appearance together on April 26, 2015 at the Daytime Emmy Awards. On August 3, 2015, after months of speculation, a representative for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3156556", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Schmidt\"\naquaponics and hopes to aid in ending malnutrition and obesity worldwide. He continues to promote exercise and enjoys cooking. Kevin Schmidt Kevin Gerard Schmidt (born August 16, 1988) is an American actor, known best for his role as Henry in \"\"Cheaper by the Dozen\"\" and its sequel and as Noah Newman in \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Schmidt also starred on Cartoon Network's first live-action scripted television series, \"\"Unnatural History\"\". Schmidt also co-created, starred in, produced, and directed a cult web-series, \"\"Poor Paul\"\". Schmidt continues to write, direct, and act, and has also participated in humanitarian organizations. Schmidt is president", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3788106", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nAdamson, who maintained the role until his departure in 2018. The role was first played as an infant by twins Samantha and Zachary Elkins in March 1997 before being replaced with Lauren Summer Harvey that same year. The character was then portrayed by Hunter Preisendorfer from the fall of 1997 to 1998 and again from 1999 to November 22, 2000. Other actors who've played the role include C.J. Hunter from 1998 to 1999, Nicholas Graziano in 1999, and Blake Michael Bryan from December 20, 2000 to June 6, 2001. McKay Giller took over the role on July 4, 2001, portraying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12565627", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Schmidt\"\nKevin Schmidt Kevin Gerard Schmidt (born August 16, 1988) is an American actor, known best for his role as Henry in \"\"Cheaper by the Dozen\"\" and its sequel and as Noah Newman in \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Schmidt also starred on Cartoon Network's first live-action scripted television series, \"\"Unnatural History\"\". Schmidt also co-created, starred in, produced, and directed a cult web-series, \"\"Poor Paul\"\". Schmidt continues to write, direct, and act, and has also participated in humanitarian organizations. Schmidt is president of the Conscious Human Initiative, a non-profit entity that intends to alleviate malnutrition worldwide. He played Ryan in .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939013", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nplaced on contract and would join the cast as Noah. He made his debut on October 1, 2012. In March 2016, it was revealed that Adamson was placed off contract and put on recurring status. In February 2018, Soap Central announced Adamson's exit from the role of Noah. He last appeared on February 16, 2018. In October 2018, it was reported that Adamson would briefly make an appearance as Noah for the wedding of his parents. Adamson is scheduled to air October 4. Most of Noah's storylines as a teenager and young adult revolve around his reactions to his parents'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939010", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nNoah through December 7, 2004. Blake Woodruff played the role briefly from December 24, 2004 to April 27, 2005, followed by Chase Ellison from May 11 to September 20, 2005, when the role was recast with final child actor Hunter Allan from September 28, 2005 to June 9, 2008. The character of Noah was then rapidly aged, and Kevin Schmidt was cast in the role as a teenager, making his debut on August 13, 2008. Just months later, Schmidt acquired other roles and speculation arose that the role would be recast, however, Schmidt ended up staying with the soap. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11713890", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Engen (actor)\"\nChris Engen (actor) Chris Engen (born October 25, 1979) is an American actor known for his portrayal of Adam Newman on the daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Born in Apple Valley, California, Engen is also a writer and a musician. He graduated from Bishop Montgomery High School in 1997. Engen has guest-starred in various television programs. He was a recurring character in \"\"Saints & Sinners\"\", \"\"\"\" and \"\"Felicity\"\". He began appearing as Adam Newman on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" on February 12, 2008. Engen abruptly left his role on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" in mid-May", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2158502", "chunk_text": "\"E'Shun Melvin\"\nstay grounded. He studied acting at the Ivana Chubbuck Acting Studio in West Hollywood. Melvin is supportive of various social causes, including the anti-bullying movement and has been featured in an anti-bullying PSA. E'Shun Melvin E'Shun Palmer Melvin (born June 5, 2002) is an American entertainment personality, actor, filmmaker, comic creator, model and voice-over artist. He is best known for his role as Noah on the BET original comedy television series Real Husbands of Hollywood, and for providing the voice of Young Boyd on Teen Wolf. E'Shun was born in Dallas, TX, and lived in Texas, Florida, and Mississippi before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9893568", "chunk_text": "\"The Young and the Restless characters (2015)\"\ncasting was announced on August 10, 2015. The actor had previously appeared on the series in a bit part of a priest assisting Nikki Newman (Melody Thomas Scott) with locating her long lost son, Dylan McAvoy (Steve Burton). In 2015, Villanueva was cast in the newly created role of Luca Santori and is revealed to be the estranged husband of Marisa Sierras (Sofia Pernas), the girlfriend of Noah Newman (Robert Adamson). Luca would later grant Marisa a divorce so that she could pursue a serious romantic relationship with Noah. Luca was also briefly engaged to Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20572210", "chunk_text": "\"Lamon Archey\"\nLamon Archey Lamon Dezjon Archey (; born April 9, 1981) is an American model and actor best known for his recurring role as Mason Wilder on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". In 2017, Archey joined the cast of \"\"Days of Our Lives\"\" in the role of Eli Grant. Born in 1981, Archey was raised in San Mateo, California by his grandparents. Being an only child, Archey was an introvert which didn't help with making friends in school. Archey played baseball and football during his first two years of high school. While Archey has a relationship with his mother, though she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11040650", "chunk_text": "\"Cassie Newman\"\nstruggling, and Frank wanted nothing to do with the child. Three years later, in 1994, Sharon moves to Genoa City, where she meets and eventually marries Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow), son of wealthy business tycoon Victor Newman (Eric Braeden). In 1997, Sharon and Nick's newborn son, Noah Newman (Robert Adamson) becomes ill and it is believed that he may die. As a result, Sharon's best friend Grace Turner (Jennifer Gareis) tracks down the baby Sharon gave up for adoption, Cassie, who had been adopted by a woman named Alice Johnson (Tamara Clatterbuck). However, Alice abandoned Cassie, and her frail, elderly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939018", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nfirst major storyline as Noah starts very subtly. Luke Kerr noted that Noah seemed to be hiding something because of his mysterious and vague phone calls. This led to the introduction of New York City police detective, Alex Chavez portrayed by Adamson's former \"\"Lincoln Heights\"\" costar, Ignacio Serricchio. Chavez demands information from Noah about his ex-girlfriend, Adriana Stone. As Noah denies having contact with her, the series introduced Jhoanna Flores as Adriana. As of April 5, 2013, Noah was stated to be 23 years old. Noah begins Genoa City Police Officer Courtney Sloane (Kelli Goss). Adamson viewed Courtney as marking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17000349", "chunk_text": "\"E'Shun Melvin\"\nE'Shun Melvin E'Shun Palmer Melvin (born June 5, 2002) is an American entertainment personality, actor, filmmaker, comic creator, model and voice-over artist. He is best known for his role as Noah on the BET original comedy television series Real Husbands of Hollywood, and for providing the voice of Young Boyd on Teen Wolf. E'Shun was born in Dallas, TX, and lived in Texas, Florida, and Mississippi before his family moved to Southern California in 2011. In 2011, E'Shun made his television debut as a basketball kid for musical group Take 6, in their video \"\"One,\"\" which also featured pop icon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3788118", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\neventually begins dating Summer's best friend, Courtney Sloan, as he settles into his new job working for Victor. Noah is uneasy when Victor hires Kyle Abbott (Hartley Sawyer). Michael Fairman of \"\"On-Air On-Soaps\"\" applauded Luke Kleintank's casting describing the actor as a \"\"younger Joshua Morrow-type.\"\" Fairman said that Kleintank would bring a very different vibe compared to Kevin Schmidt's portrayal. Upon Kleintank's departure, he encouraged Schmidt on his return and said \"\"Kevin should do great.\"\" Schmidt was very upset following his 2012 ousting and even sent a direct message to \"\"Y&R's\"\" Twitter page saying, \"\"How many times you gonna try", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8890039", "chunk_text": "\"Chase Ellison\"\nUnfabulous Social Life of Ethan Green\"\", which then led to a major supporting role in Gregg Araki's \"\"Mysterious Skin\"\", a guest role in an episode of \"\"Six Feet Under\"\", and a semi regular role as Noah Newman, the son of Nicholas Newman (Joshua Morrow) and Sharon Newman (Sharon Case) on soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" in 2005. His role in \"\"Mysterious Skin\"\" (2004) was as the 8-year-old version of the character played by Joseph Gordon-Levitt, one of the film's leads. In this film, he plays one of two boys who are groomed into a sexual relationship by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11534753", "chunk_text": "\"Robert Adamson (actor)\"\nProtection Program\"\" alongside Disney stars Demi Lovato and Selena Gomez. He also guest-starred on Disney's \"\"Sonny With a Chance\"\". On August 24, 2012, Adamson replaced his former \"\"Princess Protection Program\"\" co-star Kevin G. Schmidt as Noah Newman on the CBS Daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". He taped his first scenes on September 4, for a first appearance on October 1. Robert Adamson (actor) Robert Gillespie Adamson IV (born July 11, 1985) is an American actor. He has portrayed the roles of Phil Sanders on the television series \"\"Hollywood Heights\"\" and Charles Antoni on \"\"Lincoln Heights\"\". He starred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15556322", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas Newman\"\n(when she gave her baby, fathered by her former boyfriend in Madison, up for adoption). Nick, believing Sharon is a virgin, briefly breaks up with her but they reunite. With Matt behind them, they marry in February 1996 and have their first child—Noah (Robert Adamson)—in 1997, the year Sharon is reunited with her daughter Cassie (Camryn Grimes). Sharon's best friend Grace Turner (Jennifer Gareis) seduces Nick, triggering another breakup; Sharon and Nick reunite during a custody battle for Cassie. Of their highly anticipated reunion, former head writer Kay Alden noted that during the previous several months \"\"there's been a lot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939015", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nyounger Noah definitely gave me a good base to build from. It's my job to explore his familial relationships from the perspective of a teenager\"\". Noah goes on to question whether his stepfather Jack Abbott (Peter Bergman) is treating Sharon right, and if she really is in love with him; these were questions that \"\"a younger Noah wouldn't be able to question\"\". Following Noah's aging, he becomes involved with Eden Baldwin (Vanessa Marano), his first love interest; prior to this, Schmidt said that he would like to play Noah with a love interest. However, Noah and Eden's relationship is immediately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939016", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nmet with disapproval from their families. They eventually get their families to accept the relationship, only to face another obstacle when Daisy Callahan (Yvonne Zima) sets out to frame Eden for several crimes in Genoa City. To get away, the couple rushes off to Paris. Upon Kleintank's introduction as a young adult Noah, the character reveals that he and Eden have ended their relationship. Noah finally gets a chance to bond with younger sister, Faith and his stepmother, Phyllis Newman (Michelle Stafford). In the meantime, the character also launches a short-lived music career and enters into a brief romance with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3788121", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nFarren Phelps and Josh Griffith working on the primetime teen soap, \"\"Hollywood Heights\"\" which Adamson also appeared on. The news led to speculation that Adamson would be followed by several more \"\"Hollywood Heights\"\" alumni. However, the speculation turned out to be true when Adamson's former costar, Hunter King stepped into the role of Summer Newman, Noah's half-sister. Jamey Giddens pointed out how weird it would be for Adamson and King who had previously portrayed one another's love interest on \"\"Hollywood Heights\"\" to now play siblings. Adamson ranked at #5 on Daytime Confidential's list of the \"\"Top 5 Soap Opera Newcomers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18303896", "chunk_text": "\"William deVry\"\nWilliam deVry William deVry (born April 20, 1968) is a Canadian television actor. He is best known for his roles in American daytime soap operas, as Tim Dolan on \"\"Port Charles\"\", as Michael Cambias on \"\"All My Children\"\", as Storm Logan on \"\"The Bold and the Beautiful\"\", and currently as Julian Jerome on \"\"General Hospital\"\". He is also known for roles in the \"\"\"\", \"\"Stargate SG-1\"\", \"\"InSecurity\"\", and \"\"Nikita\"\". His birth name is William deVry Simard. He moved to Florida with his mother at the age of 19. His grandfather, Herman A. DeVry, founded the DeForest Training School, named after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18371692", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Fergus\"\nDylan Fergus Dylan John Fergus (born January 4, 1980 in San Francisco, California), is an American actor, producer and director. Fergus is currently a producer at Casual Films. He is best known for his role as Noah Bennett on the daytime soap opera \"\"Passions\"\". Prior to \"\"Passions\"\", he briefly portrayed the role of Tim Dillon on \"\"All My Children\"\" in 2002. He also starred in 2004's \"\"Hellbent\"\", the first gay slasher horror film. Fergus studied acting at Carnegie Mellon School Of Drama, graduating in 2002 and filmmaking at CalArts School of Film/Video. He graduated from Monta Vista High School in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4142340", "chunk_text": "\"Chris Engen (actor)\"\nwho we are as individuals. We are what we are, but we are also NOT what we are not. Intolerance is a natural reaction that, I believe, we must understand in order to defeat. It is not a fire to be stomped out by an angry foot or extinguished by an inundating stream of media exposure. Homosexuality is a quality of beingness: one of many qualities that make up the rich diversity that humanity expresses.<ref name=\"\"SID 6/22/09\"\"></ref> Chris Engen (actor) Chris Engen (born October 25, 1979) is an American actor known for his portrayal of Adam Newman on the daytime", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3788119", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nand bring in a \"\"New Noah\"\"? There's only one!\"\" and he apologized for the fans who watched for him. Prior to Adamson's casting, Jamey Giddens of Zap2it's \"\"Daytime Confidential\"\" did a \"\"Wishful Casting\"\" and recommended Adamson as a recast of Noah. Giddens said that Adamson would fit the role very well. Giddens described Adamson as being a \"\"doppelganger\"\" for Joshua Morrow. \"\"Soap Opera Digest\"\" responded to the news of Adamson's casting, saying that it happened rather quickly. \"\"Majorly awesome news!\"\" Giddens said in the response to the official announcement. In addition to his looks, Giddens believed that Adamson would bring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12565612", "chunk_text": "\"Nicholas Newman\"\nNicholas Newman Nicholas Newman is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Created and introduced by William J. Bell, he was born onscreen in 1988 as the second child of supercouple characters Victor and Nikki Newman. Portrayed by a set of twins and later two child actors for his first six-year period, the writers of the series decided to rapidly age the character to a teenager in the summer of 1994. That June, Joshua Morrow began portraying Nick, and has remained in the role to present time. The character was reintroduced with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15240342", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Centineo\"\ncomedy pilot \"\"Growing Up and Down\"\", but the project was not picked up to series. In 2015, he took over the main role of Jesus Adams Foster in Freeform's drama series \"\"The Fosters\"\". He made his first appearance in season three's episode \"\"Lucky\"\", which aired on August 17, 2015. In 2017, Centineo was nominated for the for his performance. In 2017, Centineo began starring as Hawk in go90's teen drama-thriller series \"\"T@gged\"\", and portrayed surfer/artist Johnny Sanders Jr. in the coming-of-age romantic comedy film \"\"SPF-18\"\". That same year, he appeared as Camila Cabello's love interest in the music video for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7726730", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Hartley\"\nJustin Hartley Justin Scott Hartley (born January 29, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles that include Fox Crane on the NBC daytime soap opera \"\"Passions\"\" (2002–2006), Oliver Queen/Green Arrow on The CW television series \"\"Smallville\"\" (2006–2011), and Adam Newman on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" (2014–2016) which earned him an Emmy nomination. Hartley appeared in the recurring role of Patrick Osbourne in the third season of the television series \"\"Revenge\"\". Since 2016, he has starred in the NBC drama series \"\"This Is Us\"\". Hartley was born in Knoxville, Illinois,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3712030", "chunk_text": "\"Eyal Podell\"\nEyal Podell Eyal Podell (; ; born November 11, 1975) is an Israeli-American actor who is known for his portrayal of Professor Adrian Korbel on the CBS soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Podell played the role of Dr. Evram Mintz on the ABC sci-fi drama series Defying Gravity. He also played Namir Eschel in NCIS. Podell was born in Tel Aviv, Israel. After spending the first two years of his childhood in Israel, Eyal and his family relocated to the United States for a year and then moved to Hong Kong, China, where he lived until the age", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15240340", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Centineo\"\nNoah Centineo Noah Gregory Centineo (born May 9, 1996) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in the final three seasons of the television series \"\"The Fosters\"\", the television film \"\"How to Build a Better Boy\"\" (2014), and the 2018 Netflix romantic comedy films \"\"To All the Boys I've Loved Before\"\" and \"\"Sierra Burgess Is a Loser\"\". Centineo was born in Miami, Florida, to Kellee Janel and Gregory Vincent Centineo, an executive producer for film. Centineo stated he is half Italian, Dutch, and a little Native American. He grew up in Boynton Beach, Florida, and has an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7956005", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Ashton\"\nRyan Ashton Ryan Ashton (born September 24, 1984) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. Ashton is best known for his portrayal of Zack Sinnett on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", which earned a nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Guest Performer in a Drama Series in 2018. He appeared in the feature film, , and wrote, directed, and starred in the Bedsider series The Guys Guide to Birth Control, which was featured in The New York Times and The Huffington Post. He grew up in Scituate, Massachusetts before attending The University of North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6641391", "chunk_text": "\"Dylan Fergus\"\nCupertino, California in 1998. Dylan Fergus Dylan John Fergus (born January 4, 1980 in San Francisco, California), is an American actor, producer and director. Fergus is currently a producer at Casual Films. He is best known for his role as Noah Bennett on the daytime soap opera \"\"Passions\"\". Prior to \"\"Passions\"\", he briefly portrayed the role of Tim Dillon on \"\"All My Children\"\" in 2002. He also starred in 2004's \"\"Hellbent\"\", the first gay slasher horror film. Fergus studied acting at Carnegie Mellon School Of Drama, graduating in 2002 and filmmaking at CalArts School of Film/Video. He graduated from Monta", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "746879", "chunk_text": "\"The Young and the Restless characters (2013)\"\nher casting was confirmed in December 2012 by co-star Robert Adamson, who portrays Noah Newman, on Twitter. He welcomed her to the soap opera, saying that he'll \"\"keep it under wraps for now who she’s playing. But she’s doing a great job.\"\" \"\"CBS Soaps In Depth\"\" later announced that Flores would portray Noah's ex-girlfriend, Adriana. Previously, \"\"Soap Opera Network\"\"s Errol Lewis reported that Flores \"\"has joined the cast in an as yet to be determined role.\"\" Flores described her character in an interview, saying \"\"she's bad news\"\" and a \"\"feisty seductress who has her own ideas about what is legal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "918946", "chunk_text": "\"Sharon Newman\"\nmore complex characters on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Sharon has been romantically linked to her high-school sweetheart, Nicholas \"\"Nick\"\" Newman (Joshua Morrow), since her debut on the series. As teenagers they dream of eloping, and face their first hurdle when Sharon's ex-boyfriend Matt Clark (Eddie Cibrian) exposes Sharon's teenage motherhood (when she gave her baby, fathered by her former boyfriend in Madison, Wisconsin, up for adoption). Nick, believing Sharon is a virgin, briefly breaks up with her but they reunite. With Matt behind them, they marry in February 1996 and have their first child—Noah (Robert Adamson)—in 1997, the year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5317175", "chunk_text": "\"Carter Hayden\"\nand for his performance in the third season (for which he had to sing on several occasions), Hayden was nominated for \"\"Best Voice Actor in a TV Series\"\" in the 2011 ToonZone Awards. Hayden is also confirmed to be in the upcoming total drama prequel, Total Drama Daycare Carter Hayden Carter Hayden (born February 12, 1982) is a Canadian actor and voice actor. He is most well-known for his role as Noah in the animated franchise \"\"Total Drama\"\". Hayden was born in British Columbia on February 12, 1982. He voiced Noah in the first season, \"\"Total Drama Island\"\", and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2074012", "chunk_text": "\"Tyler James Williams\"\nalso guest starred in the Disney XD series, \"\"Lab Rats\"\" as a future version of the character his little brother Tyrel Jackson Williams played. In 2014 Williams starred in Justin Simien's 2014 independent film \"\"Dear White People\"\" as Lionel Higgins. In 2014, Williams was cast as the recurring character Noah on the television series \"\"The Walking Dead\"\". In 2016, Williams played Russ \"\"Monty\"\" Montgomery in the \"\"Criminal Minds\"\" spin-off \"\"\"\". Tyler James Williams Tyler James Williams (born October 9, 1992) is an American actor, hip hop recording artist, musician, music video director, film director and graphic designer. He is most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3788117", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nDecember 2012, Noah contemplates leaving town, but stays to support his mom and later receives huge amount of cash from his ex-girlfriend. Meanwhile, he is confronted by New York Detective Alex Chavez, who is looking for Adriana Stone. Adriana arrives and thanks Noah for hiding the money. His family immediately disapproves of Adriana, thinking she is trouble. The money is stolen, and their reunion is short-lived as Adriana steals the money back and skips town. Noah befriends Tyler Michaelson (Redaric Williams) who gets him a job as a photographer's assistant as \"\"Jabot Cosmetics\"\"; they later get an apartment together. Noah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7274778", "chunk_text": "\"Luke Kleintank\"\nfirst daytime role, debuting as Noah Newman in \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" on September 21, 2010. He left the role after less than six months to play Chris on \"\"No Ordinary Family\"\". In 2011, Kleintank joined the cast of the Fox series \"\"Bones\"\" as Finn Abernathy. From 2013 to 2014, he portrayed the recurring character of Travis in the ABC Family teen drama series \"\"Pretty Little Liars\"\". He played Tyler Harne in the 2015 film \"\"Max\"\". From 2015 to 2018, Kleintank played Nazi agent Joe Blake in the Amazon series \"\"The Man in the High Castle\"\". Kleintank will star", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9681052", "chunk_text": "\"Tristan Lake Leabu\"\nTristan Lake Leabu Tristan Lake Leabu (born August 19, 1999) is an American actor. From 2016 to 2018, he portrayed the role of Reed Hellstrom on \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Leabu made his debut playing the part of Jason White, Lois Lane's son, in the 2006 film \"\"Superman Returns\"\". For this performance he won a 2007 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film - Supporting Young Actor and was nominated for Best Performance by a Younger Actor at the 2007 Saturn Awards. He appeared in the 2007 Lifetime movie \"\"While the Children Sleep.\"\" He is currently", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4928121", "chunk_text": "\"Kristoff St. John\"\nThey were engaged in Cancun, Mexico and plan to get married in the fall of 2019. Kseniya's older sister Anastasia is also a model.. His son Julian died by suicide on November 23, 2014 after a long history of mental illness. St. John is a vegan and animal rights advocate, and appeared in two PETA's ad campaigns. Kristoff St. John Kristoff St. John (born July 15, 1966) is an American actor, best known for his role as Neil Winters on the daytime US drama \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". Kristoff St. John was born July 15, 1966, in New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2917581", "chunk_text": "\"Jacob Elordi\"\nMortuary Collection\"\". He is also currently filming two TV series: \"\"Euphoria\"\" and an untitled Netflix Original. Jacob Elordi Jacob Elordi (born 26 June 1997) is an Australian actor . He played the role of Noah Flynn in \"\"The Kissing Booth.\"\" Since 2017, Elordi has been dating his co-star Joey King from \"\"The Kissing Booth\"\". He attended St. Joseph's College, Nudgee in a Northern suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Elordi's first appearance in a Hollywood film was in \"\".\"\" In 2017, he was in the film \"\"Swinging Safari\"\" playing the role of Rooster. He also starred in the movie\"\" The Kissing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3788114", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nbriefly move into Brad Carlton's mansion until Daisy Callahan's attempts to kill Eden by starting a fire. Victor's wife, Ashley Abbott Newman then invites them to live at the Newman Ranch. In early 2010, Noah and Eden leave town for Paris to visit her long-lost relatives. A now-adult Noah returned in September 2010 revealing that he and Eden had broken up. Because both his parents are single, Noah realizes it is only a matter of time before they reunite. Noah later pursues the recently divorced Jana Hawkes and also reveals his new passion for music. After Jana rejects his sexual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4946684", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Newman\"\nAdam Newman Adam Newman is a fictional character from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", a soap opera on the CBS network. Adam was created by William J. Bell as the son of Victor Newman (Eric Braeden) and Hope Wilson (Signy Coleman) and was introduced April 24, 1995. Adam left town two years after his birth and was raised in Kansas by his mother, and grew up without knowing that Victor was his father. In 2008, Chris Engen began portraying Adam as an adult. After a year in the role, Engen announced his exit from \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6094606", "chunk_text": "\"Kelli Goss\"\nafter finishing with the recording of the movie, however she reversed the decision because many people prefer the interpretation of Goss. Goss starred in the Lifetime movie \"\"Sexting in Suburbia\"\", along with Liz Vassey, Jenn Proske and Ryan Kelley. Goss had appeared on \"\"Hollywood Heights\"\" as Hunter King's onscreen friend. Goss was cast in soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\" as Courtney Sloane, an undercover cop who becomes engaged to Noah Newman before her on screen death on April 6, 2015. The character was well received by critics. In 2016 Goss started her recurring role as Heather in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7956006", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Ashton\"\nCarolina School of the Arts School of Filmmaking where he received a BFA in Directing for Film. Ryan Ashton Ryan Ashton (born September 24, 1984) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. Ashton is best known for his portrayal of Zack Sinnett on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", which earned a nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Guest Performer in a Drama Series in 2018. He appeared in the feature film, , and wrote, directed, and starred in the Bedsider series The Guys Guide to Birth Control, which was featured in The New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2939012", "chunk_text": "\"Noah Newman\"\nfirst appeared on September 21, 2010. However, the recast was very brief and Kleintank only appeared in seven episodes; his last air date was April 8, 2011. Schmidt had previously alluded to a possible return on Facebook and returned to the role on April 14, on a recurring status. Kleintank later revealed that he chose to vacate the role to focus on other projects. In August 2012, Schmidt informed his followers on Twitter that he had been let go and revealed that the role would be recast. Several days after Schmidt's announcement, it was announced that Robert Adamson had been", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20149660", "chunk_text": "\"The Young and the Restless characters (2013)\"\nlast aired on April 6, 2015. Goss temporarily returned in newly-created flashbacks on August 12, 2015. Initially introduced as Summer's \"\"co-conspirator and confidant\"\", Courtney soon becomes the voice of reason when Summer's life begins falling apart. She gives Summer \"\"level headed advice,\"\" and is willing to risk their friendship to make sure Summer is safe. Courtney even impresses Summer's aunt, Abby Newman (Melissa Ordway), during an interview, which leads to her getting an internship at Jabot Cosmetics. In addition, Courtney has a crush on Summer's brother, Noah Newman (Robert Adamson), which eventually develops into a romance. Though it seems Courtney", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20493517", "chunk_text": "\"Thomas Mills Wood\"\nThomas Mills Wood Thomas Mills Wood (born April 19, 1963) is an American film and television actor. He is usually credited as Tom Wood. He is known for his portrayal of police characters, especially Deputy Marshal Noah Newman in the 1993 film \"\"The Fugitive\"\" and its spinoff, the 1998 film \"\"U.S. Marshals\"\". Wood was born in Long Beach, California, the son of Donna Wood, a finance professional, and Thomas Mills Wood, Sr., a variety performer and accountant. The recipient of a Disney Foundation Fellowship, Wood graduated from Carnegie Mellon University with a degree in drama and music. Beginning in 1988,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20391391", "chunk_text": "\"Wilson Bethel\"\nthe show began in early 2011 and it premiered on September 26, 2011. BuddyTV ranked him #14 on its list of \"\"TV's Sexiest Men of 2011;\"\" in 2012 he was ranked #2 on the same list. In 2018, he joined the cast of \"\"Daredevil\"\" as Benjamin Poindexter / Bullseye. Wilson Bethel Stephen Wilson Bethel (born 24 February 1984) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Wade Kinsella on \"\"Hart of Dixie\"\", as Ryder Callahan on the CBS daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\", and as Benjamin Poindexter on the Netflix original series \"\"Daredevil\"\". He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3231	when did the botswana currency first come into circulation?	n/a	[ "1976" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20766850", "chunk_text": "\"Botswana pula\"\nseries of notes was introduced on 23 August 2009 and contains for the first time, a 200-pula banknote. In response to the concern of the poor quality of the paper of the 10 pula banknote, the Bank of Botswana revealed a 10 pula banknote in polymer in November 2017 and was issued to the public on February 1, 2018. Due to hyperinflation in Zimbabwe in 2006 to 2008, the government has allowed circulation of foreign currency since September 2008. Local currency became obsolete on April 12, 2009. Several currencies, including the South African rand and Botswana pula circulate in Zimbabwe,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20070600", "chunk_text": "\"Botswana pula\"\nring made of aluminium-nickel-bronze. A new series of coins was introduced in 2013. On August 23, 1976, the Bank of Botswana introduced notes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, and 10 pula; a 20-pula note followed on February 16, 1978. The 1 and 2 pula notes were replaced by coins in 1991 and 1994, whilst the first 50 and 100 pula notes were introduced on May 29, 1990 and August 23, 1993, respectively. The 5 pula note was replaced by a coin in 2000. The original 1, 2 and 5 pula banknotes were demonetized on 1 July 2011. The current", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19703866", "chunk_text": "\"Botswana pula\"\nBotswana pula The pula is the currency of Botswana. It has the ISO 4217 code \"\"BWP\"\" and is subdivided into 100 \"\"thebe\"\". \"\"Pula\"\" literally means \"\"rain\"\" in Setswana, because rain is very scarce in Botswana — home to much of the Kalahari Desert — and therefore valuable and a blessing. The word also serves as the national motto of the country. A sub-unit of the currency is known as \"\"thebe\"\", or \"\"shield\"\", and represents defence. The names were picked with the help of the public. The pula was introduced in 1976, replacing the South African rand at par. Despite a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19703867", "chunk_text": "\"Botswana pula\"\n12% devaluation in May 2005, the pula remains one of the strongest currencies in Africa. In 1976, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 thebe and 1 pula. The 1 thebe was struck in aluminium, with the 5 thebe in bronze and the others in cupro-nickel. These coins were round except for the scalloped 1 pula. Bronze, dodecagonal 2 thebe coins were introduced in 1981 and discontinued after 1985. In 1991, bronze-plated steel replaced bronze in the 5 thebe, nickel-plated steel replaced cupro-nickel in the 10, 25 and 50 thebe and the 1 pula changed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20070602", "chunk_text": "\"Botswana pula\"\nalong with the Zimbabwean Bond Coins. The word \"\"Pula\"\" also serves as part of the national motto of the Kingdom of Lesotho. As in Botswana, it means \"\"rain\"\" in the Sotho language and is considered a synonym for blessing. The Botswana Pula became widely known internationally through numerous references in the \"\"No. 1 Ladies' Detective Agency\"\" by Alexander McCall Smith, making it possible for readers worldwide to get an idea of the Pula's purchasing power. Botswana pula The pula is the currency of Botswana. It has the ISO 4217 code \"\"BWP\"\" and is subdivided into 100 \"\"thebe\"\". \"\"Pula\"\" literally means", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4432179", "chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Botswana\"\nCoat of arms of Botswana The coat of arms of Botswana was adopted on 25 January 1966. The centre shield is supported by two zebras. The shape of the shield is that of traditional shields found in Southern Africa. On the top portion of the shield are three cogwheels that represent industry. The three waves symbolize water, and reminds the viewer of the motto of the nation: \"\"pula\"\", which means simply \"\"rain\"\", but also good luck, and is the name of the nation's currency. This motto also highlights the importance of water to Botswana. The motto is found at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1213045", "chunk_text": "\"Seretse Khama\"\ntwo more, heavily subsidizing veterinary services, vaccines, and cattle fence construction. It set up the Botswana Meat Commission as the sole seller of beef in the country, setting prices and selling beef to regional and international markets. With Khama's direct intervention, it negotiated a lucrative trade deal with the European Economic Community, gaining prices far above world levels. The Botswana Development Corporation was established in 1970 to attract foreign investment in crop agriculture, tourism, and secondary industries. In 1976, the Botswana pula was introduced, replacing the South African rand as the national currency. Due to Khama's dedication to development, very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16681224", "chunk_text": "\"Zimbabwean dollar\"\ndenominations up to a $100 trillion banknote issued. The final redenomination produced the \"\"fourth dollar\"\" (ZWL), which was worth 10 ZWD (first dollars). Use of the Zimbabwean dollar as an official currency was effectively abandoned on 12 April 2009. It was demonetised in 2015, with outstanding accounts able to be reimbursed until April 30, 2016. In place of the Zimbabwean dollar, currencies including the South African rand, Botswana pula, pound sterling, Indian rupee, euro, Japanese yen, Australian dollar, Chinese yuan, and the United States dollar are now regularly used. The Zimbabwean dollar's predecessor, the Rhodesian dollar, was essentially equal to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "414777", "chunk_text": "\"South African pound\"\nscript. From 1921, the South African Reserve Bank took over the issuance of paper money, introducing notes for 10 shillings, 1, 5, 20 and 100 pounds. 20 pound notes were last issued in 1933, with 10 pound notes added in 1943. All banknotes were bilingual in English and Afrikaans. From 1948, two variants of each note were issued, one with English written first and the other with Afrikaans written first. South African pound The pound (symbol £) was the currency of the Union of South Africa from the creation of the country as a British Dominion in 1910. It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1271703", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Botswana\"\nprotectorate. When Botswana's national flag was created in 1966, it was symbolically designed to contrast with the flag of South Africa, since the latter country was ruled under an apartheid regime. Hence, the black stripe with the white frame came to epitomize the peace and harmony between the people of African and European descent who reside in Botswana. The new flag was first hoisted at midnight on September 30, 1966, the day Botswana became an independent country. The colours of the flag carry cultural, political, and regional meanings. The light blue represents water—specifically, in its form of rain, as it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6265925", "chunk_text": "\"Rhodesian dollar\"\nRhodesian dollar The dollar (\"\"R$\"\") was the currency of Rhodesia between 1970 and 1980. It was subdivided into 100 cents. The dollar was introduced on 17 February 1970, less than a month before the declaration of a republic on 2 March 1970. It replaced the pound at a rate of 2 dollars to 1 pound. The dollar proved to be a strong currency, at parity with the pound sterling right up to the very end of Rhodesia in 1980, when it was replaced by the Zimbabwean dollar at par. However, the Rhodesian dollar was never a fully convertible currency and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6151962", "chunk_text": "Botswana\nof Botswana serves as a central bank. The country's currency is the Botswana pula. Botswana's competitive banking system is one of Africa's most advanced. Generally adhering to global standards in the transparency of financial policies and banking supervision, the financial sector provides ample access to credit for entrepreneurs. The Capital Bank opened in 2008. , there are a dozen licensed banks in the country. The government is involved in banking through state-owned financial institutions and a special financial incentives program that is aimed at increasing Botswana's status as a financial centre. Credit is allocated on market terms, although the government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9131980", "chunk_text": "\"South African rand\"\nwhere most of South Africa's gold deposits were found. The Rand was introduced in the-then Union of South Africa on 14 February 1961, three months before the Republic of South Africa was established. A Decimal Coinage Commission had been set up in 1956 to consider a move away from the denominations of pounds, shillings, and pence, submitting its recommendation on 8 August 1958. It replaced the South African pound as legal tender, at the rate of 2 Rand to 1 pound, or 10 shillings to the Rand. The government introduced a mascot, Decimal Dan, \"\"the Rand-cent man\"\" (known in Afrikaans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18710383", "chunk_text": "\"Botswana Telecommunications Authority\"\nholds 100 percent equity in the BTC. Botswana's history of sector reform dates to 1980, when the BTC was created through the Botswana Telecommunications Act. The act established the BTC as a monopoly of telecommunications services and separated it from Posts (which continued to operate as a government department). Following public concerns regarding unsatisfactory telecommunications services during the 1990s (including lack of competition in providing services, limited private-sector participation, lack of transparency in decision-making and lack of a platform for consumer complaints), the government began public consultations to liberalise the telecommunications market. In 1992 the Ministry of Works, Transport and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17148280", "chunk_text": "\"Botswana pula\"\nto a smaller, nickel-brass, equilateral-curve seven-sided coin. A similarly shaped, nickel-brass 2 pula was introduced in 1994. In 2004, the composition was changed to brass-plated steel and the size was slightly reduced. In 1998, following the withdrawal of the 1 and 2 thebe, smaller 5, 10, 25 and 50 thebe coins were introduced, with the 5 and 25 thebe coins being seven-sided and the 10 and 50 thebe coins remaining round. A bimetallic 5 pula depicting a mopane caterpillar and a branch of the mopane tree it feeds on was introduced in 2000 composed of a cupronickel center in a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5024170", "chunk_text": "\"Gambian pound\"\nthese were minted by the Royal Mint in denominations of 1, 3 and 6 pence, 1, 2 and 4 shillings, with 8 shillings added in 1970. All coins had Queen Elizabeth II's portrait on the obverse. The 8 Shillings coin of the Gambia is the only example of this denomination ever minted. With the exception of the Hippopotamus, the reverse designs of the pre-decimal coins were reused on the Gambia's decimal coins. On October 5, 1964, new banknotes were introduced by the Gambia Currency Board in denominations of 10 shillings, 1 and 5 pounds. All notes had a sailing boat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4651468", "chunk_text": "Botswana\nBotswana Botswana (), officially the Republic of Botswana (), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections and the best perceived corruption ranking in Africa since at least 1998. Botswana is topographically flat, with up to 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2395638", "chunk_text": "\"Independence Day (Botswana)\"\nIndependence Day (Botswana) The Independence Day of Botswana, commonly called Boipuso, is a national holiday observed in Botswana on September 30 of every year. The date celebrates Botswana's Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom on September 30, 1966. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, fairs, picnics, concerts, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of Botswana. Independence Day is the National Day of Botswana. The most powerful ruler was King Khama III, who had strong support from the British government, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20587208", "chunk_text": "\"Banknotes of Zimbabwe\"\nrecognises the Hungarian 1 billion b.-pengő (10) banknote (Pick No. 137) as the world's largest denomination, although the 100 million b.-pengő (10) (Pick No. 136) was the largest denomination to be issued. Banknotes of Zimbabwe The paper money of Zimbabwe were physical forms of Zimbabwe's four incarnations of the dollar ($ or Z$) from 1980 to 2009. The banknotes of the first dollar replaced those of the Rhodesian dollar at par in 1980 following the proclamation of independence. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe issued most of the banknotes and other types of currency notes in its history, including the Bearer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16398429", "chunk_text": "\"Zambian kwacha\"\n3, 6 pence, and 1, 2, 2½, and 5 shillings. After independence, the Bank of Zambia issued the first Zambian currency, the Zambian pound, in 1964. The issued paper bills and coins were of similar denominations as these used before independence, except for the 10 pounds note, which was never issued by the Bank of Zambia. A new design to depict the newly independent country's history and struggle was adopted. The two currencies - the Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound and the Zambian pound, were allowed to circulate in parallel until December 15, 1965, when the South Rhodesian pound bills and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14287077", "chunk_text": "Bophuthatswana\nin 1994, the \"\"BDF\"\" and the \"\"Bophuthatswana Police\"\" were incorporated into the South African National Defence Force and the South African Police Service, respectively. Bophuthatswana was the first and only Bantustan to produce its own coins. Two coins were minted as a proof set only, the South African Rand remained the official currency. Bophuthatswana Bophuthatswana (, meaning \"\"gathering of the Tswana people\"\"), officially the Republic of Bophuthatswana (Tswana: \"\"Repaboleki ya Bophuthatswana\"\"; Afrikaans: \"\"Republiek van Bophuthatswana\"\"), was a Bantustan (also known as \"\"Homeland\"\"; an area set aside for members of a specific ethnicity) which was declared nominally independent by the apartheid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13239081", "chunk_text": "\"History of Botswana\"\nBritain accepted proposals for democratic self-government in Botswana. The seat of government was moved from Mafikeng in South Africa, to newly established Gaborone in 1965. The 1965 constitution led to the first general elections and to independence on 30 September 1966. Seretse Khama, a leader in the independence movement and the legitimate claimant to the Ngwato chiefship, was elected as the first president, re-elected twice, and died in office in 1980. The presidency passed to the sitting vice president, Ketumile Masire, who was elected in his own right in 1984 and re-elected in 1989 and 1994. Masire retired from office", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3647760", "chunk_text": "\"South African pound\"\nSouth African pound The pound (symbol £) was the currency of the Union of South Africa from the creation of the country as a British Dominion in 1910. It was replaced by the rand in 1961, the same year that South Africa became a republic. In 1825, an imperial order-in-council made sterling coinage legal tender in all the British colonies. At that time, the only British colony in Southern Africa was the Cape of Good Hope Colony. As time went on, the British pound sterling and its associated subsidiary coinage became the currency of every British territory in Southern Africa.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19509127", "chunk_text": "\"Banknotes of Zimbabwe\"\nand $20 000 denominations were issued from 15 September 2003, whilst the $50 000 and $100 000 denominations, depicting Victoria Falls on reverse, were introduced on 1 October 2005. Following the redenomination of August 2006, bearer cheques that were originally scheduled to expire on 31 December 2006 were demonetised early. Bearer cheques dated 15 September 2003 bear the signature of the acting governor Charles Chikaura. The remainder of the series bear the signature of Dr. Gideon Gono, who was appointed governor in November 2003. The Zimbabwean dollar was first redenominated on 1 August 2006 under a currency reform campaign codenamed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11759271", "chunk_text": "Botswana\naccommodations and access to golf courses. Museums in Botswana include: Botswana Botswana (), officially the Republic of Botswana (), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections and the best perceived corruption ranking in Africa since at least 1998. Botswana is topographically flat, with up to 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6151933", "chunk_text": "Botswana\nnumbers approaching modern cattle density. This massive cattle-raising complex prospered until 1300 AD or so, and seems to have regressed following the collapse of Mapungubwe. During this era, the first Tswana-speaking groups, the Bakgalagadi, moved into the southern areas of the Kalahari. All these various peoples were connected to trade routes that ran via the Limpopo River to the Indian Ocean, and trade goods from Asia such as beads made their way to Botswana most likely in exchange for ivory, gold, and rhinoceros horn. The arrival of the ancestors of the Tswana-speakers who came to control the region has yet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14186350", "chunk_text": "\"Postal orders of Bophuthatswana\"\nPostal orders of Bophuthatswana Bophuthatswana began issuing its own Postal Orders shortly after gaining independence from South Africa in 1977. As Bophuthatswana did not have its own banknotes (because its currency was the Rand), postal orders are the closest things to banknotes Bophuthatswana ever had. The last day of issue was 26 April 1994. Some Bophuthatswanan postal order forms bear issue dates of 27 April 1994 and later, but these are classified as remainder issues, as Bophuthatswana was reincorporated into South Africa. Postal orders on hand when Bophuthatswana reincorporated into South Africa are classified into two series: Bophuthatswana Remainder Issue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17615458", "chunk_text": "\"National Library Service of Botswana\"\nNational Library Service of Botswana The National Library Service of Botswana is the legal deposit and copyright library for Botswana. It was officially opened on April 8, 1968. They strive to be a world class library and information hub. The library is considered one of the most centralized in the world, as it is responsible for the professional development for all libraries within Botswana, including academic ones. Being established in September 1967 through the Act of the Botswanan National Assembly. President Sir Seretse Khama, the first President of the Republic of Botswana, officially opened the service on April 8, 1968.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1908587", "chunk_text": "Zimbabwe\nJanuary 2009, in an effort to counteract runaway inflation, acting Finance Minister Patrick Chinamasa announced that Zimbabweans will be permitted to use other, more stable currencies to do business, alongside the Zimbabwe dollar. In an effort to combat inflation and foster economic growth the Zimbabwean Dollar was suspended indefinitely on 12 April 2009. In 2016 Zimbabwe allowed trade in the United States dollar and various other currencies such as the rand (South Africa), the pula (Botswana), the euro, and the Pound Sterling (UK). After the formation of the Unity Government and the adoption of several currencies instead of the Zimbabwe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16322182", "chunk_text": "\"South African Reserve Bank\"\nconsisting of ten members of Parliament was established on 31 March 1920 to examine the benefits to the national interest of the establishing of the central bank. Following on the recommendations of the committee, the South African Reserve Bank opened for business on 30 June 1921, making it the oldest central bank in Africa. The first banknotes were issued to the public by the Bank on 19 April 1922. Unlike the Bank of England, which provided the model for establishing the SARB, the SARB is privately owned. SARB has a board of directors consisting of a Governor Lesetja Kganyago three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4365521", "chunk_text": "\"Liberian dollar\"\nLiberian dollar The dollar (currency code \"\"LRD\"\") has been the currency of Liberia since 1943. It was also the country's currency between 1847 and 1907. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively L$ or LD$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents. The first Liberian dollar was issued in 1847. It was pegged to the US dollar at par and circulated alongside the US dollar until 1907, when Liberia adopted the British West African pound, which was pegged to sterling. In 1847, copper 1 and 2 cents coins were issued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3647761", "chunk_text": "\"South African pound\"\nThe pound at that time was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The pound sterling became the standard currency of the Cape of Good Hope colony in 1825 following an imperial order-in-council that was issued for the purpose of introducing the sterling coinage into all the British colonies. British coins then replaced the Dutch currency. Before a unified South Africa, many authorities issued coins and banknotes in their own pound, equivalent to sterling. The Transvaal Republic, the Boer state that in 1902 was to become Transvaal Colony, issued notes from 1867 to 1902 and coins from 1892 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1213041", "chunk_text": "\"Seretse Khama\"\nKhama Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. At the time of its independence in 1966, Botswana was the world's third-poorest country, poorer than most other African countries. Its infrastructure was minimal, with only of paved roads; and few of its people had formal education, with only 22 university graduates and 100 secondary school graduates. Khama set out on a vigorous economic programme intended to transform the nation into an export-based economy, built around beef, copper and diamonds. The 1967 discovery of Orapa’s diamond deposits aided this programme. Khama instituted strong measures against corruption, the bane", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4651489", "chunk_text": "Botswana\nborder with South Africa. Based on the 1965 constitution, the country held its first general elections under universal suffrage and gained independence on 30 September 1966. Seretse Khama, a leader in the independence movement and the legitimate claimant to the Ngwato chiefship, was elected as the first President, and subsequently re-elected twice. The presidency passed to the sitting Vice-President, Quett Masire, who was elected in his own right in 1984 and re-elected in 1989 and 1994. Masire retired from office in 1998. He was succeeded by Festus Mogae, who was elected in his own right in 1999 and re-elected in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4096206", "chunk_text": "\"Standard Bank\"\nStandard Bank of British South Africa. The bank started operations in 1863 in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, and soon after opening it merged with several other banks including the \"\"Commercial Bank of Port Elizabeth\"\", the Colesberg Bank, the British Kaffrarian Bank and the \"\"Fauresmith Bank\"\". It was prominent in financing and development of the diamond fields of Kimberley in 1867. The word \"\"British\"\" was dropped from the title in 1883. When gold was discovered on the Witwatersrand, the bank expanded northwards and on 11 October 1886 the bank started doing business in a tent at Ferreira's Camp (later to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1271705", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Botswana\"\nzebra, the national animal of Botswana. Flag of Botswana The national flag of Botswana consists of a light blue field cut horizontally in the centre by a black stripe with a thin white frame. Adopted in 1966 to replace the Union Jack, it has been the flag of the Republic of Botswana since the country gained independence that year. It is one of the few African flags that utilizes neither the colours of the Pan-Africanist movement nor the colours of the country's leading political party. In 1885, Bechuanaland became a protectorate of the United Kingdom within its colonial empire. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9530628", "chunk_text": "\"Compendium of postage stamp issuers (Ba–Be)\"\nJuly 1920 when it was included in the Republic of Georgia. Separate stamps were issued by Batum in 1919. In addition, several issues of both these and Russian types were overprinted BRITISH OCCUPATION. Stamps are inscribed BAYERN. Previously Bechuanaland Protectorate; now Botswana. The territory north of the Molopo river which became Botswana in 1966. The first issues 1888–1889 were overprinted Great Britain, British Bechuanaland and Cape of Good Hope types. During 1890–1897, British Bechuanaland stamps were used. From October 1897, overprinted Great Britain were used until 12 December 1932 when specific stamps for the Protectorate were first issued. Stamps were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1271701", "chunk_text": "\"Flag of Botswana\"\nFlag of Botswana The national flag of Botswana consists of a light blue field cut horizontally in the centre by a black stripe with a thin white frame. Adopted in 1966 to replace the Union Jack, it has been the flag of the Republic of Botswana since the country gained independence that year. It is one of the few African flags that utilizes neither the colours of the Pan-Africanist movement nor the colours of the country's leading political party. In 1885, Bechuanaland became a protectorate of the United Kingdom within its colonial empire. This occurred after the leaders of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8820370", "chunk_text": "\"Lesotho loti\"\nLesotho loti The Loti (plural: maLoti) is the currency of the Kingdom of Lesotho. It is subdivided into 100 \"\"Lisente\"\" (sg. \"\"Sente\"\"). It is pegged to the South African rand on a 1:1 basis through the Common Monetary Area, and both are accepted as legal tender within Lesotho. The loti was first issued in 1966, albeit as a non-circulating currency. In 1980, Lesotho issued its first coins denominated in both loti and lisente (dated 1979) to replace the South African Rand, but the Rand remains legal tender. The name derives from the Sesotho \"\"loti\"\", \"\"mountain,\"\" while \"\"sente\"\" is from English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17907445", "chunk_text": "\"Nepalese rupee\"\nwas introduced in 1932, replacing the silver mohar at a rate of 2 mohar = 1 rupee. At first, the rupee was called the \"\"Mohru\"\" in Nepali. Its value was pegged to the Indian Rupee in 1994 at a rate of 1.6 Nepalese rupees = 1 Indian rupee. The early banknotes which were issued between 1945 and 1955 during the rule of King Tribhuvan were not put into circulation by a Central Bank which did not exist in Nepal at that time. The issuing authority was the treasury which had the name Sadar Muluki Khana. Therefore, the notes of king", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16681223", "chunk_text": "\"Zimbabwean dollar\"\nZimbabwean dollar The Zimbabwean dollar (sign: $, or Z$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies) was the official currency of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 12 April 2009. During this time, it was subject to periods of above-average inflation, followed by a period of hyperinflation. The Zimbabwean dollar was introduced in 1980 to directly replace the Rhodesian dollar at par (1:1), at a similar value to the US dollar. Over time, hyperinflation in Zimbabwe reduced the Zimbabwe dollar to one of the lowest valued currency units in the world. It was redenominated three times (in 2006, 2008 and 2009), with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16681173", "chunk_text": "\"Banknotes of Zimbabwe\"\nsanctions imposed against the Zimbabwean government and the Reserve Bank made it difficult to incorporate modern security features on most banknotes issued since September 2008. The Reserve Bank originally planned to demonetise banknotes of the third dollar on 30 June 2009 but the Zimbabwean dollar as a whole has been suspended since 12 April 2009, implying that banknotes of both the third and fourth dollar are not de jure legal tender. The first banknotes of Zimbabwe were issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (formerly Reserve Bank of Rhodesia) for the first dollar (ZWD) in 1980 to coincide with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8151208", "chunk_text": "\"Science and technology in Botswana\"\nof African Governance. At the time of independence in 1966, Botswana was one of the poorest countries in the world. A year later, diamonds were discovered and have since become a pillar of the economy. Today, Botswana has one of the highest levels of income in Africa. Between 2009 and 2013, GDP per capita rose from $12,404 to $15,247 (in purchasing power parity dollars, 2011 constant prices), boosted by the global commodity boom. This corresponds to a leap of 23% in GDP per capita over this period. Within the SADC region, only the Seychelles and Mauritius have higher levels of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7062386", "chunk_text": "\"Coat of arms of Botswana\"\nview that ivory tusk represents wild life preservation. Botswana has one of the highest elephant populations in Africa. Coat of arms of Botswana The coat of arms of Botswana was adopted on 25 January 1966. The centre shield is supported by two zebras. The shape of the shield is that of traditional shields found in Southern Africa. On the top portion of the shield are three cogwheels that represent industry. The three waves symbolize water, and reminds the viewer of the motto of the nation: \"\"pula\"\", which means simply \"\"rain\"\", but also good luck, and is the name of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9814660", "chunk_text": "\"Namibian dollar\"\nNamibian dollar The Namibia dollar (symbol: $; code: NAD; ) has been the currency of Namibia since 1993. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively N$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents. The dollar replaced the South African rand, which had been the country's currency while it was under South African rule as South-West Africa from 1920 until 1990, at par. The rand is still legal tender, as the Namibian dollar is linked to the South African rand and can be exchanged on a one-to-one basis locally. Namibia was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2395644", "chunk_text": "\"Independence Day (Botswana)\"\nof the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to gather with relatives or friends. Decorations (\"\"e.g.\"\", balloons, and clothing) are generally colored blue, white, and black, the colors of Botswana flag. Parades are often held in the morning, before family get-togethers, while fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at the national stadium. Independence Day (Botswana) The Independence Day of Botswana, commonly called Boipuso, is a national holiday observed in Botswana on September 30 of every year. The date celebrates Botswana's Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom on September 30, 1966. Independence Day is commonly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6511029", "chunk_text": "\"Zambian pound\"\nZambian pound The Zambian pound was the currency in Zambia from independence in 1964 until decimalization on January 16, 1968. It was subdivided into 20 \"\"shillings\"\", each of 12 \"\"pence\"\". The Zambian pound replaced the Rhodesia and Nyasaland pound at par. It was pegged to the pound sterling at par and was replaced by the kwacha at a rate of 2 kwacha = 1 pound or 1 kwacha = 10 shillings. In 1964, cupro-nickel 6 pence, 1 and 2 shilling coins were introduced, followed by a 5 Shillings in 1965, and holed, bronze 1 penny coins in 1966. In 1964,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5862398", "chunk_text": "\"Biafran pound\"\ncurios (typically at 2/6 (=.0125 GBP) for 1 pound notes in London philately/notaphily shops) and are now traded among banknote collectors at well above their original nominal value. The most common note is the 1968 and 1969 1 pound notes, with the 10 pound note and all coins being rare. Biafran pound The Biafran pound was the currency of the breakaway Republic of Biafra between 1968 and 1970. The first notes denominated in 5 shillings and £1 were introduced on January 29, 1968. A series of coins was issued in 1969; 3 pence, 6 pence, 1 shilling and 2½ shilling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19677863", "chunk_text": "\"Australian dollar\"\nthe 'royal'. The 'dollar' was eventually chosen as the name, and decimal currency was introduced on 14 February 1966. Shortly after the changeover, substantial counterfeiting of $10 notes was detected. This provided an impetus for the Reserve Bank of Australia to develop new note technologies jointly with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. The revolutionary polymer notes were first introduced in 1988 with the issue of a commemorative $10 note, marking Australia's bicentenary by featuring the theme of settlement. The note depicted on one side a young male Aboriginal person in body paint, with other elements of Aboriginal culture.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20587235", "chunk_text": "\"Zimbabwean dollar\"\nleast a year. On 29 January 2014, the Zimbabwe central bank announced that the US dollar, South African rand, Botswana pula, Pound sterling, Euro, Australian dollar, Chinese yuan (renminbi), Indian rupee, and Japanese yen would all be accepted as legal currency within the country. In June 2015, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe began to formally demonetise the Zimbabwean dollar, to officially value the fiat currency at zero, in order to complete a switch to the US dollar by the end of September 2015. The Zimbabwean government stated that it would credit 5 US dollars to domestic bank accounts, with balances", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3232	when did television come out in the us?	n/a	[ "928,", "uly 2, 1928," ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17353836", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nolder television series have lapsed into the public domain and are thus free to redistribute in any form. After years of experimental broadcasts, television first became commercialized in the United States in New York City on July 1, 1941, initially by RCA (through NBC, which it owned) via its station WNBT (now WNBC) and CBS, via their station WCBW (now WCBS-TV). A number of different broadcast systems had been developed through the end of the 1930s. The National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) standardized on a 525-line broadcast in 1941 that would provide the basis for television across the country through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17992999", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nsatellite on July 23, 1962. The first live broadcast from the European continent was made on August 27, 1950. The first regularly scheduled television service in the United States began on July 2, 1928, fifteen months before the United Kingdom. The Federal Radio Commission authorized C. F. Jenkins to broadcast from experimental station W3XK in Wheaton, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. For at least the first eighteen months, 48-line silhouette images from motion picture film were broadcast, although beginning in the summer of 1929 he occasionally broadcast in halftones. Hugo Gernsback's New York City radio station began a regular,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426294", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\ntelevision since the early 2010s. The first national live television broadcast in the U.S. took place on September 4, 1951 when President Harry Truman's speech at the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference in San Francisco was transmitted over AT&T's transcontinental cable and microwave radio relay system to broadcast stations in local markets. The first live coast-to-coast commercial television broadcast in the U.S. took place on November 18, 1951 during the premiere of CBS's \"\"See It Now\"\", which showed a split-screen view of the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. In 1958, the CBC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18720803", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nuntil April 14, 1952. By 1949, the networks stretched from New York to the Mississippi River, and by 1951 to the West Coast. Commercial color television broadcasts began on CBS in 1951 with a field-sequential color system that was suspended four months later for technical and economic reasons. The television industry's National Television System Committee (NTSC) developed a color television system based on RCA technology that was compatible with existing black and white receivers, and commercial color broadcasts reappeared in 1953. Cable television is a system of broadcasting television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17993046", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nGermany in 1934, followed by other makers in France (1936), Britain (1936), and the United States (1938). The cheapest model with a 12-inch (30 cm) screen was $445 (). An estimated 19,000 electronic televisions were manufactured in Britain, and about 1,600 in Germany, before World War II. About 7,000–8,000 electronic sets were made in the U.S. before the War Production Board halted manufacture in April 1942, production resuming in August 1945. Television usage in the western world skyrocketed after World War II with the lifting of the manufacturing freeze, war-related technological advances, the drop in television prices caused by mass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18720797", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nbegan regularly scheduled television broadcasts in New York on April 30, 1939, with a broadcast of the opening of the 1939 New York World's Fair. In 1937 RCA raised the frame definition to 441 lines, and its executives petitioned the FCC for approval of the standard. By June 1939, regularly scheduled 441-line electronic television broadcasts were available in New York City and Los Angeles, and by November on General Electric's station in Schenectady. From May through December 1939, the New York City NBC station (W2XBS) of RCA broadcast twenty to fifty-eight hours of programming per month, Wednesday through Sunday of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19614325", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nstandards on May 2, 1941, calling for 525 lines of vertical resolution, 30 frames per second with interlaced scanning, 60 fields per second, and sound carried by frequency modulation. Sets sold since 1939 that were built for slightly lower resolution could still be adjusted to receive the new standard. (Dunlap, p31). The FCC saw television ready for commercial licensing, and the first such licenses were issued to NBC- and CBS-owned stations in New York on July 1, 1941, followed by Philco's station WPTZ in Philadelphia. The first official, paid advertising to appear on American commercial television occurred on the afternoon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2974010", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nnoncommercial form of television required by law to be offered to cable television consumers, in which members of the public are free to place their programming on the cable service. It is a subset of public, educational and government access. Most popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, the rise of the Internet and satellite TV (the latter of which is not required to carry public-access TV) rendered it partially obsolete. While pay television systems existed as early as the late 1940s, until the early 1970s, cable television only served to distribute distant over-the-air television stations to rural areas not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19285191", "chunk_text": "\"Terrestrial television\"\nin which the signal is carried to the receiver through a cable. Terrestrial television was the first technology used for television broadcasting, with the first public television broadcast from Schenectady, NY, in January, 1928. The BBC began broadcasting in 1929 and had a regular schedule of television programmes in 1930. However, these early experimental systems had insufficient picture quality to attract the public, due to their mechanical scan technology, and television did not become widespread until after World War II with the advent of electronic scan technology. The television broadcasting business followed the model of radio networks, with local television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19168219", "chunk_text": "\"Television show\"\nthe move and became the first weekly televised variety show, earning host Milton Berle the name \"\"Mr Television\"\" and demonstrating that the medium was a stable, modern form of entertainment which could attract advertisers. The first national live television broadcast in the US took place on September 4, 1951 when President Harry Truman's speech at the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference in San Francisco was transmitted over AT&T's transcontinental cable and microwave radio relay system to broadcast stations in local markets. The first national color broadcast (the 1954 Tournament of Roses Parade) in the US occurred on January 1, 1954. During", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12798062", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Age of Television\"\nas Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz had originally hoped). By the early 1960s, about 90% of American households had a television set, and the roles of television and radio (which was largely saved from obsolescence by the invention of the far more portable transistor radio in the 1950s and the concurrent rise of higher-fidelity FM radio) had changed, so that radio was primarily a medium for music, and scripted programming became wholly the domain of television. By the late 1950s, as television began reaching larger portions of rural America, their viewing habits began to be reflected in overall television ratings.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2235921", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nNBC's dominant share of the American radio market, although the ABC television network would not reach viewership and distribution parity with NBC and CBS until the late 1960s. Fox is a relative newcomer that began operation on October 6, 1986 with a limited schedule of late-night programming (the network would launch a weekend-only prime time lineup seven months later on April 9, 1987), although it is built upon the remnants of the former DuMont Television Network, an earlier attempt at a \"\"fourth network\"\" that operated from January 1948 to August 1956; the Paramount Television Network also flourished simultaneously, if less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17993047", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nproduction, increased leisure time, and additional disposable income. While only 0.5% of U.S. households had a television in 1946, 55.7% had one in 1954, and 90% by 1962. In Britain, there were 15,000 television households in 1947, 1.4 million in 1952, and 15.1 million by 1968. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, color television had come into wide use. In Britain, BBC1, BBC2 and ITV were regularly broadcasting in color by 1969. By the late 2000s, CRT display technology was largely supplanted worldwide by flat-panel displays such as LCD. Flat-panel television, especially LCD, has become the dominant form of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11655815", "chunk_text": "Television\nTelevision Television (TV), sometimes shortened to tele or telly, is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in colour, and in two or three dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set, a television program (\"\"TV show\"\"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment and news. Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s, but it would still be several years before the new technology would be marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18720802", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nwere 40 million radios in the U.S., there were about 44,000 television sets (with probably 30,000 in the New York area). Regular network television broadcasts began on NBC on a three-station network linking New York with the Capital District and Philadelphia in 1944; on the DuMont Television Network in 1946, and on CBS and ABC in 1948. Following the rapid rise of television after the war, the Federal Communications Commission was flooded with applications for television station licenses. With more applications than available television channels, the FCC ordered a freeze on processing station applications in 1948 that remained in effect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17353843", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nVHF band (channels 2-13) in its earliest years; it was not until the All-Channel Receiver Act of 1964 that UHF broadcasting became a feasible medium. Over the course of the 1960s and 1970s, concurrent with the development of color television, the evolution of television led to an event colloquially known as the rural purge; genres such as the panel game show, western, variety show, barn dance and rural-oriented sitcom all met their demise in favor of newer, more modern series targeted at wealthier suburban and urban viewers. Around the same time, videotape became a more affordable alternative to film for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17353842", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nremotes ran until 1979, two years after Lombardo's death. Game shows were also a major part of the early part of television, aided by massive prizes unheard of in the radio era; however, the pressure to keep the programs entertaining led to the quiz show scandals, in which it was revealed many of the popular high-stakes games were rigged or outright scripted. The Saturday morning cartoons, animated productions made specifically for television (and, accordingly, with much tighter budgets and more limited animation), also debuted in the late 1950s. Broadcast television stations in the United States were primarily transmitted on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4702191", "chunk_text": "\"United States Television Manufacturing Corp.\"\nUnited States Television Manufacturing Corp. The United States Television Manufacturing Corporation, also known informally as U.S. Television Manufacturing, and in some advertisements as UST, was an American television manufacturing and distribution company known for its early large-screen television sets, intended for use in bars and other public spaces. The company existed from 1945 to 1950. The United States Television Manufacturing Corporation was founded in 1945 in Manhattan, New York City, to produce large-screen television sets and, later, conventional models. In April the following year, it announced an initial public offering of 99,000 shares of 50-cent par value common stock at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20595448", "chunk_text": "\"Live television\"\nof the prohibitive cost, adoption was slow, and some television shows remained live until the 1970s, such as soap operas. To prevent unforeseen issues, live television programs may be delayed, which allows censors to edit the program. Some programs may be broadcast live in certain time zones and delayed in others. From the early days of television until about 1958, live television was used heavily, except for filmed shows such as \"\"I Love Lucy\"\" and \"\"Gunsmoke\"\". Although videotape was invented in 1956, it cost $300 per one hour reel () meaning it was only very gradually adopted. Some genres, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12833927", "chunk_text": "\"Television film\"\nTelevision film A television film (also known as a TV movie, TV film, television movie, telefilm, telemovie, made-for-television movie, made-for-television film, direct-to-TV movie, direct-to-TV film, movie of the week, feature-length drama, single drama and original movie) is a feature-length motion picture that is produced and originally distributed by or to, a television network, in contrast to theatrical films, which are made explicitly for initial showing in movie theaters. Though not exactly labeled as such, there were early precedents for \"\"television movies\"\", such as \"\"Talk Faster, Mister\"\", which aired on WABD (now WNYW) in New York City on December 18, 1944,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19614262", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\na limited-resolution color display. The higher resolution black-and-white and lower resolution color images combine in the brain to produce a seemingly high-resolution color image. The NTSC standard represented a major technical achievement. Although all-electronic color was introduced in the U.S. in 1953, high prices and the scarcity of color programming greatly slowed its acceptance in the marketplace. The first national color broadcast (the 1954 Tournament of Roses Parade) occurred on January 1, 1954, but during the following ten years most network broadcasts, and nearly all local programming, continued to be in black-and-white. It was not until the mid-1960s that color", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7467186", "chunk_text": "\"Television set\"\nadvances, the drop in television prices caused by mass production, increased leisure time, and additional disposable income. While only 0.5% of U.S. households had a television in 1946, 55.7% had one in 1954, and 90% by 1962. In Britain, there were 15,000 television households in 1947, 1.4 million in 1952, and 15.1 million by 1968. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, color television had come into wide use. In Britain, BBC1, BBC2 and ITV were regularly broadcasting in colour by 1969. During the first decade of the 21st century, CRT \"\"picture tube\"\" display technology was almost entirely supplanted worldwide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5201629", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nthe 1970s and 80s, terrestrial television broadcasts have been in decline; in 2013 it was estimated that about 7% of US households used an antenna. A slight increase in use began around 2010 due to a switchover to digital terrestrial television broadcasts, which offer pristine image quality over very large areas, and offered an alternate to CATV for cord cutters. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) adopted the American NTSC 525-line B/W 60 field per second system as its broadcast standard. It began television broadcasting in Canada in September 1952. The first broadcast was on September 6, 1952 from its Montreal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691148", "chunk_text": "\"Cable television\"\ndevices called taps. Cable television began in the United States as a commercial business in 1950, although there were small-scale systems by hobbyists in the 1940s. The early systems simply received weak (broadcast) channels, amplified them, and sent them over unshielded wires to the subscribers, limited to a community or to adjacent communities. The receiving antenna would be higher than any individual subscriber could afford, thus bringing in stronger signals; in hilly or mountainous terrain it would be placed at a high elevation. At the outset, cable systems only served smaller communities without television stations of their own, and which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11655852", "chunk_text": "Television\nit from 1940 to 1955; finally the Dutch company Philips produced and commercialized the image iconoscope and multicon from 1952 to 1958. American television broadcasting, at the time, consisted of a variety of markets in a wide range of sizes, each competing for programming and dominance with separate technology, until deals were made and standards agreed upon in 1941. RCA, for example, used only Iconoscopes in the New York area, but Farnsworth Image Dissectors in Philadelphia and San Francisco. In September 1939, RCA agreed to pay the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation royalties over the next ten years for access", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10226707", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nOctober, W6XAO was making daily television broadcasts of films. By 1934 RCA increased the definition to 343 interlaced lines and the frame rate to 30 per second. On July 7, 1936 RCA and its subsidiary NBC demonstrated in New York City a 343-line electronic television broadcast with live and film segments to its licensees, and made its first public demonstration to the press on November 6. Irregularly scheduled broadcasts continued through 1937 and 1938. Regularly scheduled electronic broadcasts began in April 1938 in New York (to the second week of June, and resuming in August) and Los Angeles. NBC officially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "540221", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nuse satellite television to deliver programming. Taylor Howard of San Andreas, California became the first person to receive C-band satellite signals with his home-built system in 1976. PBS, a non-profit public broadcasting service, began to distribute its television programming by satellite in 1978. On October 18, 1979, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) began allowing people to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government license. The front cover of the 1979 Neiman-Marcus Christmas catalogue featured the first home satellite TV stations on sale for $36,500. The dishes were nearly in diameter and were remote-controlled. The price went down by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426187", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nrpm, and a similar disc spinning in synchronization in front of the cathode ray tube inside the receiver set. The system was first demonstrated to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on August 29, 1940, and shown to the press on September 4. CBS began experimental color field tests using film as early as August 28, 1940, and live cameras by November 12. NBC (owned by RCA) made its first field test of color television on February 20, 1941. CBS began daily color field tests on June 1, 1941. These color systems were not compatible with existing black-and-white television sets, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2235920", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nGray Television, whose 131 stations cover mostly smaller metropolitan areas reaching only 10% of the population. The five major U.S. broadcast television networks are the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), CBS (formerly known as the Columbia Broadcasting System), the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), the Fox Broadcasting Company (Fox) and the CW Television Network. The first and elder three (which are colloquially known as the \"\"Big Three\"\") began as radio networks: NBC and CBS respectively began operations in 1924 and 1927, while ABC was spun off from NBC to Edward J. Noble in 1943 as the Blue Network during FCC inquiries over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12798051", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Age of Television\"\nGolden Age of Television The first Golden Age of Television is the era of live television production in the United States, roughly from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. According to \"\"The Television Industry: A Historical Dictionary\"\", \"\"the Golden Age opened with Kraft Television Theatre on May 7, 1947, and ended with the last live show in the \"\"Playhouse 90\"\" series in 1957;\"\" the Golden Age is universally recognized to have been completely dead by 1960, as the television audience and programming had shifted to less critically acclaimed fare, almost all of it taped or filmed. Prior to approximately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2973970", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nexist in the U.S., usually historically broadcasting on the UHF band; however the number of them had drastically decreased (especially within individual markets) after 1995 due to the formation of newer broadcast networks that were created to compete against the four established competitors. Syndicated shows, often reruns of television series currently in or out of production and movies released as recently as three years prior to their initial syndication broadcast, take up much of their schedules. However, in October 1986, the Fox Broadcasting Company was launched as a challenge to the Big Three networks, with six independent stations that News", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7467182", "chunk_text": "\"Television set\"\nTelevision set A television set or television receiver, more commonly called a television, TV, TV set, or telly, is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of viewing television. Introduced in the late 1920s in mechanical form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using cathode ray tubes. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets in the 1960s, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14802885", "chunk_text": "\"Cable television in the United States\"\nexample, after 25 million American televisions tuned to a musical version of \"\"Cinderella\"\" in 1957, executives calculated that had the network received 25¢ for each television tuned to the show, it would have earned more than $6 million without distribution costs. However, due to many legal, regulatory and technological obstacles, cable television in the United States in its first 24 years was used almost exclusively to relay over-the-air commercial television stations to remote and inaccessible areas. It also became popular in other areas in which mountainous terrain caused poor reception over the air. Original programming over cable came in 1972", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11655816", "chunk_text": "Television\nbroadcasting became popular in the United States and Britain, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the US and most other developed countries. The availability of multiple types of archival storage media such as Betamax, VHS tape, local disks, DVDs, flash drives, high-definition Blu-ray Discs, and cloud digital video recorders has enabled viewers to watch pre-recorded material—such as movies—at home on their own time schedule. For many reasons, especially the convenience of remote retrieval, the storage of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15646173", "chunk_text": "\"Cable television in the United States\"\nCable television in the United States Cable television first became available in the United States in 1948, with subscription services following in 1949. Data by SNL Kagan shows that about 58.4% of all American homes subscribe to basic cable television services. Most cable viewers in the U.S. reside in the suburbs and tend to be middle class; cable television is less common in low income, urban, and rural areas. According to reports released by the Federal Communications Commission, traditional cable television subscriptions in the US peaked around the year 2000, at 68.5 million total subscriptions. Since then, cable subscriptions have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19337680", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nif limited, schedule of live television broadcasts on August 14, 1928, using 48-line images. Working with only one transmitter, the station alternated radio broadcasts with silent television images of the station's call sign, faces in motion, and wind-up toys in motion. Speaking later that month, Gernsback downplayed the broadcasts, intended for amateur experimenters. \"\"In six months we may have television for the public, but so far we have not got it.\"\" Gernsback also published \"\"Television\"\", the world's first magazine about the medium. General Electric's experimental station in Schenectady, New York, on the air sporadically since January 13, 1928, was able", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5201625", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nfor the first time on August 10, 1928, by John Logie Baird in his company's premises at 133 Long Acre, London. Baird pioneered a variety of 3D television systems using electro-mechanical and cathode-ray tube techniques. The first 3D TV was produced in 1935. The advent of digital television in the 2000s greatly improved 3D TVs. Although 3D TV sets are quite popular for watching 3D home media such as on Blu-ray discs, 3D programming has largely failed to make inroads among the public. Many 3D television channels that started in the early 2010s were shut down by the mid-2010s. Programming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7835891", "chunk_text": "\"Television show\"\ntelevision shows were experimental, sporadic broadcasts viewable only within a very short range from the broadcast tower starting in the 1930s. Televised events such as the 1936 Summer Olympics in Germany, the 1937 coronation of King George VI in the UK, and David Sarnoff's famous introduction at the 1939 New York World's Fair in the US spurred a growth in the medium, but World War II put a halt to development until after the war. The 1947 World Series inspired many Americans to buy their first television set and then in 1948, the popular radio show \"\"Texaco Star Theater\"\" made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18260817", "chunk_text": "\"Mass communication\"\nand three-dimensional characters and plots. PBS launched in 1970, and was the home for programming that would not be suitable for network television. It operates on donations and little government funding, rather than having commercials. On January 12, 1971, the sitcom \"\"All in the Family\"\" premiered on CBS, and covered the issues of the day and portrayed a bigot named Archie Bunker. By 1972, the sales of color television sets surpassed that of black-and-white sets. In the 1980s, television became geared towards what has become known as the MTV Generation, with a surge in the number of cable channels. Photography", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7467185", "chunk_text": "\"Television set\"\nelectronic televisions with cathode ray tubes were manufactured by Telefunken in Germany in 1934, followed by other makers in France (1936), Britain (1936), and America (1938). The cheapest model with a 12-inch (30 cm) screen was $445 (). An estimated 19,000 electronic televisions were manufactured in Britain, and about 1,600 in Germany, before World War II. About 7,000–8,000 electronic sets were made in the U.S. before the War Production Board halted manufacture in April 1942, production resuming in August 1945. Television usage in the western world skyrocketed after World War II with the lifting of the manufacturing freeze, war-related technological", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5201654", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nthe line \"\"Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?\"\" and was followed by the same Mickey Mouse cartoon broadcast on the last day before the war. At the end of 1947 there were 54,000 licensed television receivers, compared with 44,000 television sets in the United States at that time. The first transatlantic television signal was sent in 1928 from London to New York by the Baird Television Development Company/Cinema Television, although this signal was not broadcast to the public. The first live satellite signal to Britain from the United States was broadcast via the Telstar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12798053", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Age of Television\"\n1930s, some more varied experimental programs, including live sportscasts and some game shows (such as the \"\"CBS Television Quiz\"\" and \"\"Truth or Consequences\"\"), were appearing; most television service was suspended beginning in 1942 because of World War II. The decade-long period of developing television techniques allowed broadcasting companies to be prepared when the war ended and the ensuing post-war prosperity allowed for increased consumer adoption of television sets. The early days of television were a time when many hour-long anthology drama series received critical acclaim. Examples include \"\"Kraft Television Theatre\"\" (debuted May 7, 1947), \"\"The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre\"\" (debuted September 27,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10226706", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nthat continued to 1939. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) saw television in the continual flux of development with no consistent technical standards, hence all such stations in the U.S. were granted only experimental and non-commercial licenses, hampering television's economic development. Just as importantly, Philo Farnsworth's August 1934 demonstration of an all-electronic system at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia pointed out the direction of television's future. On June 15, 1936, Don Lee Broadcasting began a one-month-long demonstration of high definition (240+ line) television in Los Angeles on W6XAO (later KTSL, now KCBS-TV) with a 300-line image from motion picture film. By", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7467183", "chunk_text": "\"Television set\"\nfirst recorded media in the 1970s, such as Betamax, VHS and later DVD. It was also the display device for the first generation of home computers (e.g., Timex Sinclair 1000) and video game consoles (e.g., Atari) in the 1980s. In the 2010s flat panel television incorporating liquid-crystal displays, especially LED-backlit LCDs, largely replaced cathode ray tubes and other displays. Mechanical televisions were commercially sold from 1928 to 1934 in the United Kingdom, United States, and Soviet Union. The earliest commercially made televisions were radios with the addition of a television device consisting of a neon tube behind a mechanically spinning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "540235", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nin mechanical form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using cathode ray tubes. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets in the 1960s, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for the first recorded media in the 1970s, such as VHS and later DVD. In the late 2000s flat panel television incorporating liquid-crystal displays largely replaced cathode ray tubes. Modern flat panel TVs are typically capable of high-definition display (720p, 1080p", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17993045", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\nor 2160p) and can also play content from a USB device. Mechanical televisions were commercially sold from 1928 to 1934 in the United Kingdom, United States, and Soviet Union. The earliest commercially made televisions sold by Baird called Televisors in the UK in 1928 were radios with the addition of a television device consisting of a neon tube behind a mechanically spinning disk (patented by German engineer Paul Nipkow in 1884) with a spiral of apertures first mass-produced television set, selling about a thousand units. The first commercially made electronic televisions with cathode ray tubes were manufactured by Telefunken in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2235899", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nTelevision in the United States Television is one of the major mass media of the United States. , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013. The majority of households have more than one set. The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership. As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17992973", "chunk_text": "\"History of television\"\ntwo stations were experimental in nature and had no regular programming, as receivers were operated by engineers within the company. The image of a Felix the Cat doll rotating on a turntable was broadcast for 2 hours every day for several years as new technology was being tested by the engineers. On November 2, 1936, the BBC began transmitting the world's first public regular high-definition service from the Victorian Alexandra Palace in north London. It therefore claims to be the birthplace of TV broadcasting as we know it today. With the widespread adoption of cable across the United States in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2974012", "chunk_text": "\"Television in the United States\"\nmajor commercial broadcast networks often have relatively higher viewership than those seen on cable channels. The oldest-existing cable-originated television channel as well as the first successful premium cable (or \"\"pay-cable\"\") service is Home Box Office (HBO), which was also the first television network intended for cable distribution on a regional or national basis. HBO launched on November 8, 1972 to 365 Service Electric Cable subscribers in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, with a mix of movies, sports, and comedy and music specials. For its first three years of operation, it used microwave technology to transmit its programming to CATV and MMDS providers in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4068021", "chunk_text": "Television\n2011 and 2.26 in 2010. As of late 2013, the number of 3D TV viewers started to decline. Programming is broadcast by television stations, sometimes called \"\"channels\"\", as stations are licensed by their governments to broadcast only over assigned channels in the television band. At first, terrestrial broadcasting was the only way television could be widely distributed, and because bandwidth was limited, i.e., there were only a small number of channels available, government regulation was the norm. In the U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allowed stations to broadcast advertisements beginning in July 1941, but required public service programming commitments", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3233	who plays on the tv show the resident?	n/a	[ "Merrin Dungey", "Emily VanCamp", "Bruce Greenwood", "Melina Kanakaredes", "Manish Dayal", "Matt Czuchry", "Moran Atias", "Shaunette Renée Wilson" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021380", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\nmarketing. Dungey replaced her as the CEO and the character's name was changed to Claire Thorpe. As the season developed, it was announced that Violett Beane was set to recur in the series, and on April 30, 2018, it was reported that Malcolm-Jamal Warner would have a major recurring role in the final three episodes of the season. On June 18, 2018 it was announced that Warner and other recurring cast member, Glenn Morshower would be promoted to series regulars for the second season. The following day, it was announced that Moran Atias, Merrin Dungey and Melina Kanakaredes would not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021381", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\nbe returning, and that Jane Leeves would also be joining the cast as a regular for the second season on a one-year contract. On July 16, 2018, it was announced that Jenna Dewan is set to recur on season 2. It was later announced on August 27 that Daniella Alonso had also been cast in a recurring role for the second season. Primary photography for the series takes place in and around Atlanta, Georgia. Exterior and some interior shots of the High Museum of Art in midtown-Atlanta were used as the backdrop for the fictional Chastain Park Memorial Hospital. Some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13902508", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\n2017, Manish Dayal and Bruce Greenwood were the first to be cast in the series for the roles of Devon Pravesh and Soloman Bell, respectively. Greenwood's character name was later changed to Randolph Bell. Matt Czuchry, Emily VanCamp, and Melina Kanakaredes were later announced to be starring in the series as well. Moran Atias was also cast for the role of Renta Thorpe, CEO at Chastain Park, which was originally portrayed by Valerie Cruz in the pilot. However, when Merrin Dungey joined the cast, the producers saw Atias as a better fit for the role of the hospital's head of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13902506", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\ninner workings of the characters' duties in emergency and hospital medicine, medical malpractice and deliberate violations of medical ethics are also examined, as well as the bureaucracy of the health care industry. On August 5, 2016, it was announced that Showtime was developing a new original series, known as \"\"The City\"\", pitched by executive producer, Antoine Fuqua. It was also announced that Amy Holden Jones would produce the series and co-write the pilot episode along with Hayley Schore and Roshan Sethi. The series, however, was never produced and on January 20, 2017, it was reported that Fox purchased the series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13902504", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\nThe Resident (TV series) The Resident is an American medical drama television series aired by Fox Broadcasting Company that premiered on January 21, 2018, as a lead-out to the Vikings-Eagles NFC Championship, and as a mid-season replacement entry in the 2017–18 television season. The fictional series focuses on the lives and duties of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital, while delving into the bureaucratic practices of the hospital industry. The show was purchased by Fox from Showtime in 2017. It was created by Amy Holden Jones, Hayley Schore, and Roshan Sethi. On May 10, 2017, Fox ordered a full", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17716499", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (film)\"\nThe Resident (film) The Resident is a 2011 British thriller film directed by Antti Jokinen and starring Hilary Swank and Jeffrey Dean Morgan. Swank stars as a recently single woman who rents an apartment in New York City and comes to suspect that someone is stalking her. The film also features a cameo from Hammer Films star Christopher Lee, in his first collaboration with the studio since 1976's \"\"To the Devil a Daughter\"\" and his last before his death in 2015. Juliet Devereau (Hilary Swank), an emergency room surgeon, rents an apartment in New York City from Max (Jeffrey Dean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17160236", "chunk_text": "\"Emily VanCamp\"\nnurse practitioner Nic Nevin, the female lead in the Fox medical drama \"\"The Resident\"\", whose character has a complicated romantic history and relationship with the titular character, Conrad Hawkins, played by Matt Czuchry. In May 2017, Fox ordered the pilot to series. VanCamp has three sisters, Katie, Alison, and Molly. Her eldest sister, Katie, is a former dancer and now a children's book writer. VanCamp speaks French fluently and says she \"\"feels at home\"\" when she hears the language. She trained in jazz, ballet, hip-hop, and tap as a child, and credited her dance training with helping her through her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13902505", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\n14-episode season and renewed the series for a second season on May 7, 2018. The first season officially concluded on May 14, 2018. During the 2017–2018 United States television season, the series ranked #41 and averaged 7.02 million viewers. The second season premiered on September 24, 2018. The series revolves around the lives and actions of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital located in Atlanta, Georgia, primarily those of third-year resident internist, Conrad Hawkins; first-year medical intern, Devon Pravesh, who is assigned to Hawkins; as well as Nicolette \"\"Nic\"\" Nevin, a nurse practitioner and Hawkins' love interest. Exploring the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021385", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\ncore concepts of medicine\"\". A second medical student indirectly called the series unrealistic. The Resident (TV series) The Resident is an American medical drama television series aired by Fox Broadcasting Company that premiered on January 21, 2018, as a lead-out to the Vikings-Eagles NFC Championship, and as a mid-season replacement entry in the 2017–18 television season. The fictional series focuses on the lives and duties of staff members at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital, while delving into the bureaucratic practices of the hospital industry. The show was purchased by Fox from Showtime in 2017. It was created by Amy Holden Jones,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021382", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\nfilming also took place in Conyers, Georgia, on a production set previously used for Fox's \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\". Filming for the first production block took place between March 20 and April 5, 2017. Filming for the second season began in July 2018. In the United States, new episodes are broadcast by Fox. Internationally, the series is shown on Seven Network in Australia, City (season 1) and CTV (season 2) in Canada, and on Universal TV in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In Latin America, the series is broadcast by Fox's Latin America counterpart. Episodes can be watched next day on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20949329", "chunk_text": "\"Prime Resident\"\nResident (played by Tom Williams) and his political allies, the Shadow Monistor and Home Secretary (Ben Fowler and Chloe Casselton), who are hell bent on returning citizens to their country of birth. Intertwined is the story of two lovers (Abidemi Oyediran and David Mumeni), the Three Conspiracy Theorists always on the lookout for the next plan (Sair Khan, Grant Black, and Christian Wassell), and the religious fundamentalists (Rosie Reynolds and Lauren Cooney). Throughout, the Grief Eaters (Kane Husbands, Philippa Hambly, and Petrina Sargent) provide comic interventions. The show reaches a dramatic climax when The Host (Stephen Johnston) leads \"\"Repatriation! Repatriation!\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19109204", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (film)\"\nMorgan). Juliet has recently broken up with her boyfriend Jack (Lee Pace) after she caught him having an affair, but she still has feelings for him. Unbeknownst to Juliet, someone is stalking her, observing her from across the street and apparently entering her apartment. At a party, Juliet bumps into Max and flirts with him. As they walk home, Jack follows them from across the street. Juliet attempts to kiss Max, but he pulls back. They later go on a date. A flashback reveals that Max is the one stalking Juliet. He has rebuilt her apartment to include secret passageways", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4742008", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Czuchry\"\nMatt Czuchry Matthew Charles Czuchry (; born May 20, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for roles such as that of Logan Huntzberger on The WB television series \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\" (2005–07), Cary Agos on the CBS television drama \"\"The Good Wife\"\" (2009–16), and currently as Dr. Conrad Hawkins, the title character, on the Fox medical drama series \"\"The Resident\"\" (2018–present). Czuchry was born in Manchester, New Hampshire, and grew up in Johnson City, Tennessee. His father, Andrew Czuchry, is a professor at East Tennessee State University, and his mother, Sandra, is a homemaker. He is of Ukrainian descent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17716505", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (film)\"\nout of the exploitation gutter; the gonzo psycho-killer climax drags it back in. Generic, yes, but gleeful with it\"\". A novelization of the film was written by Francis Cottam and published by Arrow Publishing in association with Hammer and the Random House Group in 2011, . The Resident (film) The Resident is a 2011 British thriller film directed by Antti Jokinen and starring Hilary Swank and Jeffrey Dean Morgan. Swank stars as a recently single woman who rents an apartment in New York City and comes to suspect that someone is stalking her. The film also features a cameo from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19721650", "chunk_text": "\"Emily VanCamp\"\nEmily VanCamp Emily Irene VanCamp (born May 12, 1986) is a Canadian actress, known for her lead roles on The WB series \"\"Everwood\"\" (2002–06), the ABC dramas \"\"Brothers & Sisters\"\" (2007–10) and \"\"Revenge\"\" (2011–15), and as Sharon Carter / Agent 13 in \"\"\"\" (2014) and \"\"\"\" (2016). VanCamp stars as the female lead in the Fox medical drama series \"\"The Resident\"\", which debuted in January 2018 as a midseason entry in the 2017–18 US television season. VanCamp was born on May 12, 1986, in Port Perry, Ontario. Her father, Robert VanCamp, is an animal nutritionist and her first job was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4742011", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Czuchry\"\nrecurring during the series' fifth season before being upgraded to a series regular during the sixth season. From 2009-16, Czuchry portrayed lawyer Cary Agos on the CBS drama \"\"The Good Wife\"\". He also reprised his role as Logan Huntzberger on Netflix's reunion miniseries, \"\"\"\" (2016). Czuchry currently stars in Fox's medical drama series \"\"The Resident\"\", which premiered on January 21, 2018. He plays the titular character, Dr. Conrad Hawkins. The series was renewed for a second season on May 7, 2018. He appeared in the movies \"\"Eight Legged Freaks\"\" and \"\"Slap Her... She's French\"\". Czuchry played the lead role in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2635140", "chunk_text": "\"The Residents\"\nand producer for The Residents as well as the pseudonymous Charles Bobuck. Fox was born in Longview, Texas, where his father worked in the oil industry; his mother was a nurse. The family moved several times, and Fox graduated from Rayville High School in Louisiana in 1963. He then studied art and business at Louisiana Tech University, where he met Homer Flynn, and graduated in 1967. In September 2018 Fox added to his website the dates \"\"1945–2018\"\", although he was known to be alive (but unwell) after the dates were published. Fox died on October 30, 2018, from brain cancer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021383", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\nnetwork's website. Hulu currently owns the SVOD rights to the series, and individual episodes, or the season as a whole, are available for purchase on Amazon and iTunes. The first season DVD set was made available for pre-order in June 2018 through Amazon and was released on October 2, 2018. The review aggregator website, Rotten Tomatoes, reported an approval rating of 61% based on 18 reviews, with an average rating of 4.89/10. On Metacritic, which uses a normalized rating to reviews, assigned a weight average score of 54 out of 100, based on 12 critics. The first season received mostly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13902507", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\nfrom Showtime and ordered a pilot episode under the name, \"\"The Resident\"\". On May 10, 2017, the series received a full season order of 14 episodes. Phillip Noyce, an executive producer for the series, directed the first two episodes of the season after signing a multi-year deal with 20th Century Fox Television. On May 7, 2018, Fox renewed the series for a 13-episode second season and pre-production began on June 8, 2018. On October 10, 2018, it was reported that Fox ordered an additional nine episodes for the second season, bringing the total episode count to 22. On February 21,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3205936", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm-Jamal Warner\"\nMalcolm-Jamal Warner Malcolm-Jamal Warner (born August 18, 1970) is an American actor, musician, director, producer, writer and consultant. He is best known for his roles as Theo Huxtable on the long-running NBC sitcom \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" and as Malcolm McGee on the UPN sitcom \"\"Malcolm & Eddie\"\". He also starred as Dr. Alex Reed in the sitcom \"\"Reed Between the Lines\"\". He currently stars as Dr. AJ Austin on the FOX medical drama The Resident. Warner was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was raised by his divorced mother, Pamela, who served as his manager. He was named for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20264305", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (film)\"\n29 March 2011. Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 37% of 30 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 4.5/10. Cath Clarke of \"\"The Guardian\"\" rated the film 2/5 and called it \"\"generic and intermittently silly\"\". Katherine Murphy of Trinity News said \"\"\"\"The Resident\"\" is a voyeuristic thriller that never actually scares, thrills or excites.\"\" On the other hand, Nigel Andrews of \"\"The Financial Times\"\" gave the film 4 stars (out of 5) and praised Swank's performance. \"\"Total Film\"\" were also fairly positive: \"\"A sturdy cast and moody camerawork propel this taut, slow-simmering thriller", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8465848", "chunk_text": "\"Malcolm-Jamal Warner\"\nconcerns. Grammy Awards MD Theatre Guide Readers' Choice Awards BET Comedy Awards Emmy Awards Image Awards TV Land Awards Young Artist Award Malcolm-Jamal Warner Malcolm-Jamal Warner (born August 18, 1970) is an American actor, musician, director, producer, writer and consultant. He is best known for his roles as Theo Huxtable on the long-running NBC sitcom \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" and as Malcolm McGee on the UPN sitcom \"\"Malcolm & Eddie\"\". He also starred as Dr. Alex Reed in the sitcom \"\"Reed Between the Lines\"\". He currently stars as Dr. AJ Austin on the FOX medical drama The Resident. Warner was born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7810372", "chunk_text": "\"Resident Alien (comics)\"\nshow's executive producers, along with Mike Richardson, Keith Goldberg, Justin Falvey, and Darryl Frank. Production began on October 1, 2018, with Alan Tudyk starring as Harry. The pilot will also include Corey Reynolds playing Sheriff Mike Thompson and Alice Wetterlund as D'Arcy Morin. As part of the adaptation process, the fictional setting of Patience was relocated from Washington to Colorado. Resident Alien (comics) Resident Alien is a comic book series created by Peter Hogan and Steve Parkhouse. The series has been published by Dark Horse Comics in installments of four-issue miniseries since 2012. Five miniseries have been completed, and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8102084", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Jacobson\"\nPeter Jacobson Peter Jacobson (born March 24, 1965) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Dr. Chris Taub on the Fox medical drama series \"\"House\"\". He also starred on the USA Network science fiction drama \"\"Colony\"\" as former Proxy Snyder. Jacobson was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Lynn Straus and news anchor Walter Jacobson. His family is Jewish and coming from Russia, Ukraine and maybe Lithuania. He is a 1987 graduate of Brown University. Jacobson also graduated from the Juilliard School, where he was a member of the drama division's Group 20", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8102086", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Jacobson\"\nteam. In October 2007, he was confirmed as a regular on the show. He made a guest appearance as Alan on an episode of the USA Network's \"\"Royal Pains\"\". Peter Jacobson Peter Jacobson (born March 24, 1965) is an American actor. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Dr. Chris Taub on the Fox medical drama series \"\"House\"\". He also starred on the USA Network science fiction drama \"\"Colony\"\" as former Proxy Snyder. Jacobson was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Lynn Straus and news anchor Walter Jacobson. His family is Jewish and coming from Russia, Ukraine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021384", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (TV series)\"\nmixed reviews. USA Today rated the series 1/2 out of 4 stars stating \"\"It's a shame, because it's a waste of the talents of Czuchry and VanCamp (Revenge), two usually appealing TV veterans\"\" and \"\"\"\"The Resident\"\" can't save itself\"\". Meanwhile, TV Line rated the series a B+ and said, \"\"The Resident takes a hard look at the thorny ethical issues surrounding today's health-care providers.\"\" The first season was also often compared to ABC's medical drama, \"\"The Good Doctor\"\". The series also proved to be unpopular with medical officials. A current medical student stated \"\"It harms the public by grossly misrepresenting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5256957", "chunk_text": "\"April Kepner\"\nbreak up with him. April also impresses Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) and she is ultimately granted the position of Chief Resident in the season seven finale. Kepner initially struggles with her new status as her fellow doctors do not listen to her and do not take her seriously. As the end of the fifth year of residency is near, the surgical residents, including Kepner, prepare for their boards exams for the different fellowships they plan on joining. The night before taking the exam, April loses her virginity to Avery. This causes her to re-evaluate her faith during her Boards Exams,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261772", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\"\nmedical drama, after \"\"ER\"\". The series follows Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), the daughter of an esteemed general surgeon named Ellis Grey, following her acceptance into the residency program at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital. During her time as a resident, Grey works alongside her fellow doctors Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl), Alex Karev (Justin Chambers), and George O'Malley (T. R. Knight), who each struggle to balance personal lives with the hectic work and training schedules. They are overseen during their internship by Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson), a senior resident who works for attending Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15943443", "chunk_text": "\"Tessa Ferrer\"\n6, Ferrer returned to her recurring role as Dr. Leah Murphy in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". In 2014, Ferrer had recurring role in the CBS series \"\"Extant\"\". In 2015, she had recurring role on the second season of FXX comedy series, \"\"You're the Worst\"\". Tessa Ferrer Tessa Rose Ferrer (born March 30, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Dr. Leah Murphy, a surgical intern then resident, in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". She is the daughter of singer Debby Boone and Gabriel Ferrer. In 2012, Shonda Rhimes cast Ferrer in a recurring role as Dr. Leah Murphy in Season 9 of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20264304", "chunk_text": "\"The Resident (film)\"\nHe then assaults her, attempting to stab her with a hypodermic. She gets away and locks herself in the bathroom, but Max breaks in and pulls her into one of the secret passageways. There she sees the body of Jack, who has been murdered by Max. Juliet fatally shoots Max with a nail gun, and escapes. Shooting took place in New York City and New Mexico from 21 May to 11 July 2009. The film was shown in a limited number of American cinemas on 17 February 2011 and was then released direct to DVD in the United States on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13748695", "chunk_text": "\"Grey's Anatomy (season 6)\"\nVista released the season onto a DVD box-set, being made available to regions 1 and 2. The sixth season had thirteen roles receiving star billing, with twelve of them returning from the previous season, one of whom previously in a recurring guest capacity. The regulars portray the surgeons from the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital as new rivalries and romantic relationships begin to develop after the hospital's merger with Mercy West. Meredith Grey, a surgical resident and the protagonist of the series, is portrayed by Ellen Pompeo. Fellow residents Cristina Yang, Izzie Stevens and Alex Karev are portrayed by Sandra Oh,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15943442", "chunk_text": "\"Tessa Ferrer\"\nTessa Ferrer Tessa Rose Ferrer (born March 30, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for playing Dr. Leah Murphy, a surgical intern then resident, in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". She is the daughter of singer Debby Boone and Gabriel Ferrer. In 2012, Shonda Rhimes cast Ferrer in a recurring role as Dr. Leah Murphy in Season 9 of the ABC drama series \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". In June 2013 she was promoted to series regular for season 10; however, in , it was announced that she would be exiting the show at the end of the season. In 2016 season 13, episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15961083", "chunk_text": "\"Violett Beane\"\nis a bright college student who gets caught in the battle between The Flash (Barry Allen) and Zoom. In the Flash comics, Jesse Quick is a speedster who becomes the partner of Wally West (currently played on \"\"The Flash\"\" by Keiynan Lonsdale). Beane returned as Jesse in season 3 of the show. Beane recurred in the Fox medical drama series \"\"The Resident\"\" as Lily, a cancer patient under the care of Dr. Conrad Hawkins (Matt Czuchry) and Dr. Devon Pravesh (Manish Dayal). Abandoned by her fiancé and far from home, Lily inspires the hospital staff to be protective and emotionally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1283261", "chunk_text": "\"Resident Alien (comics)\"\nResident Alien (comics) Resident Alien is a comic book series created by Peter Hogan and Steve Parkhouse. The series has been published by Dark Horse Comics in installments of four-issue miniseries since 2012. Five miniseries have been completed, and a concluding sixth miniseries is forthcoming. A television adaptation for Syfy is in production with Alan Tudyk in the lead role. The story is about an alien who crash lands on Earth, then poses as a doctor while he awaits a rescue. He is pursued by a government agency and passes his time solving murders and other mysteries. The series has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4834554", "chunk_text": "\"House (TV series)\"\nSpencer's agent suggested that he audition for the role of Dr. Robert Chase. Spencer believed the program would be similar in style to \"\"General Hospital\"\", but changed his mind after reading the scripts. After he was cast, he persuaded the producers to turn the character into an Australian. Patrick Dempsey also auditioned for the part of Chase; he later became known for his portrayal of Dr. Derek Shepherd on \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\". Omar Epps, who plays Dr. Eric Foreman, was inspired by his earlier portrayal of a troubled intern on the NBC medical drama \"\"ER\"\". Jennifer Morrison felt that her audition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8946356", "chunk_text": "\"Meredith Grey\"\nMeredith Grey Meredith Grey, M.D. is a fictional character from the medical drama television series \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series' producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Ellen Pompeo. Meredith is the series' protagonist and title character, and was introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital (later Seattle Grace-Mercy West, and afterwards Grey Sloan Memorial), eventually obtaining the position of a resident, and later the position of an attending, and in 2015, attaining the Chief of General Surgery position. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4742012", "chunk_text": "\"Matt Czuchry\"\nthe film adaptation of Tucker Max's \"\"I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell\"\". From September 11 to October 28, 2007, Czuchry performed in Wendy Wasserstein's play \"\"Third\"\" opposite Christine Lahti at the Geffen Playhouse. Matt Czuchry Matthew Charles Czuchry (; born May 20, 1977) is an American actor. He is known for roles such as that of Logan Huntzberger on The WB television series \"\"Gilmore Girls\"\" (2005–07), Cary Agos on the CBS television drama \"\"The Good Wife\"\" (2009–16), and currently as Dr. Conrad Hawkins, the title character, on the Fox medical drama series \"\"The Resident\"\" (2018–present). Czuchry was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956340", "chunk_text": "\"Chi Park\"\nhas been described as a \"\"diminutive brainiac with often hilarious anger issues\"\". Park was born in the United States and is of Korean and Philippine ancestry. Park lives with her parents, was a top student at medical school before becoming a neurology resident at Princeton-Plainsboro hospital. Chi Park Chi Park, MD — is a character of the American medical drama series \"\"House\"\". Portrayed by Los Angeles born actress and comedian Charlyne Yi, she joins Dr. Greg House's team of diagnosticians in the department of Diagnostic Medicine at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital in New Jersey based on Yale-New Haven Hospital.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4983478", "chunk_text": "\"Nana Visitor\"\nNew Bag\"\" and as the voice of the Enterprise in \"\"Extra Large Medium\"\". In 2011, she had a small part in the Hammer Horror film \"\"The Resident\"\" playing the realtor. She appeared in \"\"\"\" episodes 7 (\"\"Immortal Sins\"\") and 8 (\"\"End of the Road\"\"). In 2012, she appeared as Dr. Patty Barker, a canine psychotherapist, in \"\"An Embarrassment of Bitches\"\", a season four episode of ABC's \"\"Castle. Visitor was married to Nick Miscusi from 1989 to 1994. They have one child together. Visitor began dating her \"\"Star Trek: Deep Space Nine\"\" co-star Alexander Siddig, and married him in June 1997.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11826387", "chunk_text": "\"Omar Epps\"\nOmar Epps Omar Hashim Epps (born July 20, 1973) is an American actor, rapper, songwriter and record producer. His film roles include \"\"Juice\"\", \"\"Higher Learning\"\", \"\"The Wood\"\", \"\"In Too Deep\"\" and \"\"Love and Basketball\"\". His television work includes the role of Dr. Dennis Gant on the medical drama series \"\"ER\"\", J. Martin Bellamy in \"\"Resurrection\"\" and Dr. Eric Foreman on the Fox medical drama series \"\"House\"\" from 2004 to 2012. Epps was born in Brooklyn, New York. His parents divorced during his childhood and he was raised by his mother, Bonnie Maria Epps, an elementary school principal. He lived in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4834551", "chunk_text": "\"House (TV series)\"\ncredits the accent to \"\"a misspent youth [watching] too much TV and too many movies\"\". Although locally better-known actors such as Denis Leary, David Cross, Rob Morrow, and Patrick Dempsey were considered for the part, Shore, Jacobs, and Attanasio were as impressed as Singer and cast Laurie as House. Laurie later revealed that he initially thought the show's central character was Dr. James Wilson. He assumed that House was a supporting part, due to the nature of the character, until he received the full script of the pilot episode. Laurie, the son of medical doctor Ran Laurie, said he felt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16159622", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Owens, M.D.\"\nherself that being friends with Will is enough, but she has to admit it bothers her just to see Will and Cassandra talking together. Meanwhile, Emily is also getting to know the slightly needy, but smart and handsome resident Dr. Micah Barnes (Michael Rady). Micah is faced with serious medical issues within his own family, and Emily's compassion proves an invaluable help. Impressed with Emily's medical skills, and warm bedside manner, Micah brings her in on a delicate surgery and talks her through the procedure, boosting her confidence and bringing them closer-both professionally and personally. Even with the long hours,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13956339", "chunk_text": "\"Chi Park\"\nChi Park Chi Park, MD — is a character of the American medical drama series \"\"House\"\". Portrayed by Los Angeles born actress and comedian Charlyne Yi, she joins Dr. Greg House's team of diagnosticians in the department of Diagnostic Medicine at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital in New Jersey based on Yale-New Haven Hospital. Dr. Chi Park joins the diagnostic team in Season 8 after she hits her supervisor in the neurology department when he gropes her during a procedure. Dr. Park is introduced in the episode \"\"Transplant\"\", in which she joins Dr. House on a case. Dr. Chi Park", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10367076", "chunk_text": "\"Warren Christie\"\nWarren Christie Hans Warren Christie (born 4 November 1975) is a Canadian television and film actor known for his roles as Ray Cataldo on the ABC drama \"\"October Road\"\" and as Aidan \"\"Greggy\"\" Stiviletto on the ABC series \"\"Happy Town\"\". More recently, Christie starred as Cameron Hicks in the SyFy series \"\"Alphas\"\". He recurs on the Fox series \"\"The Resident\"\". Warren Christie was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, but spent most of his childhood in London, Ontario. He left London for the University of Windsor after being recruited to play college football. It was during his years at Windsor that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18315674", "chunk_text": "\"Goran Višnjić\"\nannounced that they had sold their home in Los Angeles for a sum of about $5 million. He supported HDZ candidate Mato Franković for Mayor of Dubrovnik in the 2017 elections. Goran Višnjić Goran Višnjić ( ; ; born September 9, 1972) is a Croatian-American actor who has appeared in American and British films and television productions. He is best known in the United States for his role as Dr. Luka Kovač on the NBC television series \"\"ER\"\". He currently plays Garcia Flynn on \"\"Timeless\"\", also on NBC. He is the son-in-law of Croatian film director and former head of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13105840", "chunk_text": "\"Ed Begley Jr.\"\nEd Begley Jr. Edward James Begley Jr. (born September 16, 1949) is an American actor. Begley has appeared in hundreds of films, television shows, and stage performances. He is most recognized for his role as Dr. Victor Ehrlich, the bumbling surgical partner of William Daniels' Dr. Mark Craig, on the television series \"\"St. Elsewhere\"\" (1982–1988); the role earned him six consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a Golden Globe Award nomination. He also co-hosted, along with wife Rachelle Carson, the green living reality show entitled \"\"Living with Ed\"\" (2007–2010). Equally prolific in cinema, Begley's best known films include \"\"Stay Hungry\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4259094", "chunk_text": "\"Gregory House\"\ntwo Satellite Awards for Best Actor in a Television Series – Drama, and two TCA Awards for Individual Achievement in Drama. Laurie has also earned a total of six Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. Gregory House Gregory House, M.D. (born 1959) is the title character of the American medical drama series \"\"House\"\". Created by David Shore and portrayed by English actor Hugh Laurie, he leads a team of diagnosticians as the Head of Diagnostic Medicine at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital in Princeton, New Jersey.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349281", "chunk_text": "\"House (TV series)\"\nHouse (TV series) House (also called House, M.D.) is an American television medical drama that originally ran on the Fox network for eight seasons, from November 16, 2004 to May 21, 2012. The series' main character is Dr. Gregory House (Hugh Laurie), an unconventional, misanthropic medical genius who, despite his dependence on pain medication, leads a team of diagnosticians at the fictional Princeton–Plainsboro Teaching Hospital (PPTH) in New Jersey. The series' premise originated with Paul Attanasio, while David Shore, who is credited as creator, was primarily responsible for the conception of the title character. The series' executive producers included Shore,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4834580", "chunk_text": "\"House (TV series)\"\nlater, in season seven's 15th episode, \"\"Bombshells\"\", House reacts to the news that Cuddy possibly has kidney cancer by taking Vicodin, and his addiction recurs. Throughout \"\"House\"\"s run, six of the main actors have received star billing. All of them play doctors who work at the fictional Princeton–Plainsboro Teaching Hospital in New Jersey. Dr. Gregory House (Hugh Laurie), the title character, heads the Department of Diagnostic Medicine. House describes himself as \"\"a board-certified diagnostician with a double specialty of infectious disease and nephrology\"\". Dr. James Wilson (Robert Sean Leonard), House's one true friend, is the head of the Department of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13908458", "chunk_text": "\"The Good Doctor (TV series)\"\nhit medical drama, \"\"House\"\", to develop the series. The show is produced by Sony Pictures Television and ABC Studios, in association with production companies Shore Z Productions, 3AD, and Entermedia. David Shore serves as showrunner and Daniel Dae Kim is an executive producer for the show. The series stars Freddie Highmore as Shaun Murphy, a young savant surgical resident at San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital who lives with the challenges of autism. Antonia Thomas, Nicholas Gonzalez, Beau Garrett, Hill Harper, Richard Schiff, Will Yun Lee and Tamlyn Tomita also star in the show. The series received a put pilot commitment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3234	who is the real killer in basic instinct 2?	n/a	[ "Catherine Tramell" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15116310", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\ncall from his ex-wife, Denise, in a state of distress. Her partner, Adam Towers, a journalist writing a negative story about Dr. Glass, has been found strangled to death. Glass suspects that Tramell committed the murder and is attempting to frame him for it. More murders begin to surface around Glass as his obsession with Tramell grows and his career and life are threatened – he finds his ex-wife in a bathroom with her throat slit after they have an altercation in a bar. Later, Dicky Pep is killed – eventually, he himself can no longer tell right from wrong,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15116312", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nis going to kill a therapist based on Glass's colleague, Dr. Milena Gardosh. Glass runs to Gardosh's apartment to warn her, finding Tramell there to his dismay. Gardosh tells him that he is no longer in charge of Tramell's therapy and that he's going to have his license revoked, due to bad practice regarding Tramell's treatment. There is a struggle between Glass and Gardosh, in which the latter is knocked out. Tramell then threatens Glass with a gun she carries, but Glass takes it away from her. When Washburn arrives at the scene, Glass shoots him because Tramell told him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14247339", "chunk_text": "\"Catherine Tramell\"\nCatherine Tramell Catherine Tramell is a fictional character and main antagonist in the film \"\"Basic Instinct\"\" (1992) and its sequel, \"\"Basic Instinct 2\"\" (2006). Catherine Tramell, created by writer Joe Eszterhas, is played by Sharon Stone in both films. In \"\"Basic Instinct\"\", Tramell is a serial killer and love interest of washed-up detective Nick Curran; \"\"Basic Instinct 2\"\" pairs her with the similarly troubled British psychologist Michael Glass. One European critic defined Catherine Tramell as \"\"a mix between the classic femme fatale and the new psycho killers, one of the most evil characters ever created, on Hannibal Lecter's level\"\". She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14247350", "chunk_text": "\"Catherine Tramell\"\npick was indeed used. Catherine Tramell Catherine Tramell is a fictional character and main antagonist in the film \"\"Basic Instinct\"\" (1992) and its sequel, \"\"Basic Instinct 2\"\" (2006). Catherine Tramell, created by writer Joe Eszterhas, is played by Sharon Stone in both films. In \"\"Basic Instinct\"\", Tramell is a serial killer and love interest of washed-up detective Nick Curran; \"\"Basic Instinct 2\"\" pairs her with the similarly troubled British psychologist Michael Glass. One European critic defined Catherine Tramell as \"\"a mix between the classic femme fatale and the new psycho killers, one of the most evil characters ever created, on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15116309", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nto deal his way out, if he even exists\"\". Tramell begins therapy sessions with Dr. Michael Glass, who has conducted a court-ordered psychiatric exam and given testimony in her case. Glass strongly suspects that Tramell is a narcissist incapable of telling the difference between right and wrong. Tramell begins to play mind games with Glass, who becomes increasingly frustrated with, yet intrigued by, this mysterious woman. Soon, Glass's own life begins a spiral of destruction. One night, Glass goes on a date with Michelle Broadwin, and has rough, violent sex with her after dealings with Tramell. Glass receives a phone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15116313", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nhe had killed the girlfriend of one of Glass's patients just to \"\"nail him\"\". In the final scene, Tramell pays a visit to Glass at a local mental hospital where he has been institutionalised, and he learns from her that the subject of her latest best-selling novel was a man very much like him. Trammell claims that she has never killed anyone and that the person who committed the crimes was all along the psychologist. This development, according to the novelist, has given a better end to her latest book. Tramell leaves with a wicked smirk on her face, while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5103614", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct\"\naccidentally shot two tourists while high on cocaine, attends counseling sessions with police psychologist Dr. Beth Garner, with whom he once had an affair. Nick discovers that Catherine is basing the protagonist of her latest book on him, wherein his character is murdered after falling for the wrong woman. Catherine has bribed Lt. Nielsen for information from Nick's psychiatric file; Beth gives it to Nielsen after he recommends Nick's termination. After Nick assaults Nielsen, he becomes a prime suspect when Nielsen is killed. Nick suspects Catherine, and when he joins in her behavior in front of his co-workers, he is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15116307", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nand fell short of commercial expectations on the cinema. It had though a satisfactory return on home media. Set in London, the film opens with American best-selling author Catherine Tramell in a speeding car with her companion, Kevin Franks, a famous English football star. Tramell takes the man's hand and begins masturbating with it, all the while increasing her vehicle's speed. At the point of orgasm, Tramell veers off the road and crashes into the West India Docks in Canary Wharf. She attempts to save her partner but, as she says while being questioned by the police, \"\"When it came", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15116305", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nBasic Instinct 2 Basic Instinct 2 (also known as Basic Instinct 2: Risk Addiction) is a 2006 erotic thriller film and the sequel to 1992's \"\"Basic Instinct\"\". The film was directed by Michael Caton-Jones and produced by Mario Kassar, Joel B. Michaels and Andrew G. Vajna. The screenplay was by Leora Barish and Henry Bean. It stars Sharon Stone, who reprises her role of Catherine Tramell from the original, and David Morrissey. The film is an international co-production of Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Spain. The film follows novelist and suspected serial killer Catherine Tramell, who is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14247349", "chunk_text": "\"Catherine Tramell\"\nbook on his hands and an enigmatic spasmodic movement is erased on his lips. Prior to and during \"\"Basic Instinct\"\", the following people met a violent death, almost all of them killed by Catherine: A potential victim of hers is Nick Curran, who is almost stabbed during the film's final scenes. The ending is ambiguous: either Catherine retires from her criminal career for good or only postpones killing Nick. Incidentally, Nick Curran has disappeared by the second movie. During an interview in Spain, Sharon Stone commented that \"\"poor Nick is dead,\"\" implying with a swift stabbing motion that an ice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15116311", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nand the police begin to suspect Glass of involvement in the crimes. He confronts Tramell at her apartment where they engage in passionate sex. The situation comes to a head during a confrontation between Glass and Tramell at her apartment where, after a struggle, Glass attempts to kill Tramell. Tramell gives Glass a copy of the draft of her next novel, titled \"\"The Analyst\"\". After reading it, he realises that Tramell has novelised most of the recent events with herself and other people related to Glass, even himself, as characters. Then it turns out that the character based on herself", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5103613", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct\"\nby a mysterious blonde woman. Nick's only suspect is Boz's bisexual girlfriend, crime novelist Catherine Tramell, who has written a novel that mirrors the crime. It is concluded that either Catherine is the murderer or someone is attempting to frame her. Catherine is uncooperative and taunting during the investigation, smoking and exposing herself during her interrogation. She has an alibi and passes a lie detector test. Nick discovers Catherine has a history of befriending murderers, including her girlfriend Roxy, who killed her two younger brothers, on impulse, when she was 16, and Hazel Dobkins, who killed her family. Nick, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17918916", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct\"\ndepictions of sexuality in mainstream Hollywood cinema, and has been referred to by scholars as \"\"a neo-noir masterpiece that plays with, and transgresses, the narrative rules of film noir.\"\" A 2006 sequel, \"\"Basic Instinct 2\"\", starred Stone and was made without Verhoeven's involvement, but received either negative or moderate reviews from critics (mainly because of the inevitable comparison with the original movie) and was not particularly successful at the box office. In San Francisco, homicide detective Nick Curran investigates the murder of retired rock star Johnny Boz, who has been brutally stabbed to death with an ice pick during sex", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18330936", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct\"\nwaits in the car, Gus is stabbed to death with an ice pick. Nick runs into the building, only to find Gus' body in a manner similar to the scene described in the book. Beth, standing in the hallway, explains that she received a message to meet Gus. Nick suspects she murdered Gus and, believing she is reaching for a gun, shoots her, only to find that Beth was only fingering an ornament on her key chain. A search of the scene and Beth's apartment turns up the evidence needed to identify her as the killer. Despite knowing Catherine's apparent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19858356", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 2\"\nlooking around the campus, Randy is dragged into Gale's broadcast van and murdered by Ghostface. As night falls, Dewey and Gale review the tape of Ghostface killing Randy hoping to find some clues, but the killer attacks them and supposedly kills Dewey. Gale hides and eventually escapes. In the wake of the escalating murders, two protective officers drive Sidney and Hallie to a local police station, but Ghostface murders the officers as Sidney and Hallie begin to panic. In the ensuing struggle, Ghostface is knocked unconscious. After they climb out of the car, Sidney insists on unmasking him, while Hallie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15188518", "chunk_text": "\"Killer Instinct 2\"\nto bring an end to Gargos and his reign of evil. This time there is no tournament or prize money, just a fight to the finish with the fate of the future hanging in the balance. The game features a total roster of 11 characters. Black Orchid, Fulgore, Glacius, Jago, Sabrewulf, Spinal and T.J. Combo return from the previous title. Eyedol, Chief Thunder, Cinder and Riptor were omitted from the roster; in their place, Gargos, Kim Wu, Maya and Tusk were introduced. Each character in the game has two or four different endings. Which ending the player gets depends whether", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15188519", "chunk_text": "\"Killer Instinct 2\"\nor not the player kills (by using a finishing move instead of simply depleting their health) one or more certain character(s) during the course of the game. For example, Jago's endings both involve Fulgore and B. Orchid (if Fulgore does not kill Jago and B. Orchid, they team up and destroy him). Thus, killing or not killing them over the course of the game alters the outcomes of his endings: According to designer Ken Lobb, eliminating excessive defense play \"\"was the absolute highest priority. I felt that this was not a problem for experts, but it hurt beginners. We now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9584007", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct\"\nBasic Instinct Basic Instinct is a 1992 neo-noir erotic thriller film directed by Paul Verhoeven and written by Joe Eszterhas, and starring Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone. The film follows a police detective, Nick Curran (Douglas), who is investigating the brutal murder of a wealthy rock star. During the investigation Curran becomes involved in a torrid and intense relationship with the prime suspect, Catherine Tramell (Stone), an enigmatic writer. Even before its release, \"\"Basic Instinct\"\" generated heated controversy due to its overt sexuality and graphic depiction of violence. It was strongly opposed by gay rights activists, who criticized the film's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19858357", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 2\"\ninsists they escape. When Sidney walks back to the car, she sees that Ghostface has escaped instead. Ghostface emerges from beside Hallie, stabbing her to death, forcing Sidney to flee. Sidney goes back to the campus and finds Derek in the auditorium tied to a crucifix, his mouth gagged with duct tape. Sidney begins to untie him when Ghostface arrives. The killer uses the voice to reveal before unmasking as Mickey and kills Derek. Mickey discusses his plan to become famous in the ensuing trial and media spectacle. He then announces his partner, Gale, but behind her, Debbie Salt, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3331742", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nbrought to trial, both sides settled for undisclosed terms. One of the conditions of the settlement that was made public was that the movie would be made as it had been originally planned. In April 2005, the filmmakers and Stone (who was a key element of her male co-star's casting), chose English actor David Morrissey, and production began. On 6 February 2006, several film news websites began circulating a short, leaked, and uncensored promotional reel that depicted scenes from the movie. The approximately four-minute promo included clips of explicit love scenes from the film. Two days after it had begun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18186473", "chunk_text": "\"Camp Blood 2\"\nreappears and begins to butcher the hapless crew members. After most of the cast and crew have been killed over, Tricia is captured by the killer who reveals herself to be Adrienne, who is the sister of Harris, the perpetrator of the original killings, who blames Tricia for the death of Harris. As the two wrestle, Tricia uses a lighter to set the gasoline soaked Adrienne on fire. During their final struggle, Tricia retrieves Adrienne's machete and slashes her neck open. Adrienne gives Tricia her mask before she dies of her wounds and Tricia flees carrying the mask and machete.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17973701", "chunk_text": "\"Saw II\"\nand calls him in. Despite not wanting to be involved in the case, Eric reluctantly joins Kerry and Sergeant Daniel Rigg in leading a SWAT team to the factory which produced the lock from Marks' trap. There they find and apprehend John Kramer, the Jigsaw Killer, who is weak from cancer. He indicates several computer monitors showing eight people trapped in a house; including his only known survivor Amanda Young, and Eric's estranged son Daniel. The other victims are called Xavier, Gus, Jonas, Laura, Addison, and Obi. A nerve agent filling the house will kill them all within two hours,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15116306", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nonce again in trouble with the authorities. Scotland Yard appoints psychiatrist Dr. Michael Glass to evaluate her after a man in Tramell's presence dies. As with Detective Nick Curran in the first film, Glass becomes a victim of Tramell's seductive games. After being in development limbo for a number of years, the film was shot in London from April to August 2005, and was released on 31 March 2006. After numerous cuts, it was released with an R rating for \"\"strong sexuality, nudity, violence, language, and some drug content\"\". Unlike its predecessor, the film received either negative or moderate reviews", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5103615", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct\"\nput on leave. Nick and Catherine begin a torrid affair with the air of a cat-and-mouse game. Nick arrives at a club and witnesses Catherine doing coke with Roxy and another man. Nick and Catherine dance, make out, and are later observed having sex by Roxy. Catherine ties Nick to her bed with a white silk scarf the same way the blonde woman did with Boz, but does not kill him. Roxy, jealous of Nick, attempts to run him over with Catherine's car, but dies when the car crashes. Catherine grieves Roxy's death and tells Nick about a previous lesbian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3476842", "chunk_text": "\"Fatal Instinct\"\nis attacked by Lola, who drowns her in the bathtub. While Ned goes upstairs to investigate, Laura's abusive husband (whom she'd escaped from three years ago) comes in and confronts her; she kills him with a frying pan. Lola and Ned fight, and Lola falls to her death from the second-floor landing after Ned pushes her back with a powered-up hair dryer through a broken handrail (which Lana had sawed off earlier). As Ned and Laura embrace each other (and Ned throws his badge away), Lola and Lana come back to life and attack; Laura shoots them both. Ned and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18911938", "chunk_text": "\"REC 2\"\nseen when the lights are on. While the GEO chief, Fernandez investigates it, Tristana leaps out and drags him in and then disappears as the light is turned on. When Tristana attacks them again, Ángela blows her head off with a shotgun, finally killing her. Owen is enraged because he needed the blood sample, but all Ángela wants to do is leave the building. At this point, the only survivors are Ángela, Owen, and Rosso, the GEO cameraman. When Owen refuses to authorize their exit, Ángela starts to beat him. Rosso tells her to stop, but she shoots and kills", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19858355", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 2\"\nthe police arrive, prompting the killer to flee. The next morning, Gale discusses the case with the police. Upon realizing that Cici's real name is Casey, she concludes that the new Ghostface is a copycat who targets students who share the same names as the Woodsboro murder victims two years ago. That afternoon, while Gale is talking to Dewey and Randy on the campus lawn, she receives a call from Ghostface hinting that he is watching them. Gale and Dewey decide to search for him, and Gale gives Randy her phone to keep him talking. As Gale and Dewey are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18856005", "chunk_text": "\"Kill Bill: Volume 2\"\nhas killed the Bride. She uses the Bride's real name: Beatrix Kiddo. As Elle exits the trailer, Beatrix ambushes her and they fight. Elle, who was also taught by Mei, taunts Beatrix by revealing that she poisoned Mei in retribution for his plucking out her eye. An enraged Beatrix plucks out Elle's remaining eye and leaves her screaming in the trailer with the black mamba. In Mexico, Beatrix meets a retired pimp, Esteban Vihaio, who helps her find Bill. She tracks him to a hotel, and discovers that their daughter B.B. is still alive, now aged four. She spends the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4200908", "chunk_text": "\"Maniac Cop 2\"\nattacked by Cordell, who kills the cabbie and forces Susan and Theresa off the road. After handcuffing Susan to the steering wheel of a car and sending her into the busy streets, Cordell kills Theresa by snapping her neck. Gaining control of the car, Susan crashes and is found and given medical attention. Elsewhere, a stripper named Cheryl is attacked in her apartment by Steven Turkell, who has strangled at least six other exotic dancers. As Turkell brutalizes Cheryl, Cordell arrives, murders the two officers earlier called by Cheryl, and helps Turkell escape. Grateful for the help, Turkell befriends Cordell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3971364", "chunk_text": "\"Predator 2\"\nhimself for battle against him. Harrigan, even more puzzled, leaves before the Predator kills King Willie, taking his head as a trophy. Tracing a lead indicating Danny's killer had recently been in a slaughterhouse, Harrigan arranges to meet his team at a warehouse district to investigate. Cantrell and Lambert take the subway to the rendezvous when the Predator, hunting Harrigan's subordinates, suddenly attacks. Lambert faces off against the Predator and is killed. Cantrell is spared after the Predator's scan of her body reveals that she is pregnant. Arriving on the scene to find numerous armed civilians dead in addition to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16549800", "chunk_text": "\"The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence)\"\nman. Martin also catches Dr. Sebring and a cabbie (Gabe Kerr) having sex with a prostitute (Maddi Black), and proceeds to kill Sebring before abducting the cabbie and prostitute. When Martin's mother finds and destroys his scrapbook, Martin kills her by bludgeoning her head repeatedly with his crowbar until her skull caves in. He then lures his detested neighbour (Lee Nicholas Harris) to the scene, shoots, and kidnaps him. Martin's final victim is Ashlynn Yennie, the actress who played \"\"Jenny\"\" in the first film (now playing herself, having been lured by Martin under the pretense of a film audition with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19440797", "chunk_text": "\"Bloody Murder 2: Closing Camp\"\nMiller begins to drive Tracy back into town, but he reveals he was the true killer, getting revenge for what happened to his son, Trevor Moorehouse. Tracy finds Mike's dead body in the back seat, before Sheriff Miller handcuffs her to a log. Sofie appears, and Sheriff Miller chases her back to the camp. Tracy frees herself, and meets with Sofie at the camp. They are chased by Sheriff Miller, however Trevor Moorehouse appears and decapitates him with a chainsaw, and drags his corpse away. Tracy and Sofie fall asleep in the woods and walk away together the next morning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12359239", "chunk_text": "Brainscan\nwas a real person, and that the same murder also happened in the real world. Kyle begs Michael to let him play the game, and Michael angrily rebuffs him. Later Michael is tormented by Trickster, who exits the game and plays a song by the musical group Primus in Michael's bedroom. Because he is a possible witness to the earlier murder, Trickster tells Michael he must kill Kyle, which he eventually does in-game. Michael doesn't remember Kyle's murder and calls his house. The phone is answered by a policeman, Detective Hayden (Frank Langella). Michael becomes paranoid that he will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3331740", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct 2\"\nGlass continues to sit silently in his wheelchair, either stymied by frustration and rage or having an enigmatic smile being satisfied with what he has caused (ambiguous end). \"\"Basic Instinct 2\"\" had been in \"\"development hell\"\" for the better part of a decade. In 2000, the film was announced as having a March 2002 release. However, the process of casting the male lead was long and troublesome, with male actors declining the role due to either the level of sexuality or the violence in the film. Original star Michael Douglas declined to reprise his role as Nick Curran, saying that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18330935", "chunk_text": "\"Basic Instinct\"\nencounter at college that went awry. The girl became obsessed with her, causing Nick to believe that Catherine may not have killed Boz. Nick identifies the girl as Beth, who acknowledges the encounter, but claims it was Catherine who became obsessed. Nick discovers the final pages of Catherine's book in which the fictional detective finds his partner's body. Catherine breaks off their affair; Nick becomes upset and suspicious. Nick later meets his partner Gus, who has arranged to meet with Catherine's college roommate at an office building to find out what really went on between Catherine and Beth. As Nick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19858359", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 2\"\nthe throat. As they debate whether or not she is dead, they find Gale still alive. Mickey suddenly jumps to his feet, attempts to attack them, only to be fatally shot by Sidney and Gale. Sidney then shoots Mrs. Loomis in the head just in case \"\"she\"\" also jumps to her feet. When the police arrive the next morning, Sidney instructs the press to direct questions to Cotton, rewarding him with the fame he has been chasing while removing the attention from herself as she leaves the university campus. Luke Wilson and Heather Graham cameo as actors in the in-universe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5069797", "chunk_text": "\"Saw II: Flesh & Blood\"\nPolice Henry Jacobs, a detective named Joseph, and David Tapp's reclusive neighbor Sarah. Michael also sees Jennings Foster, a forensics specialist who was a survivor of the first \"\"Saw\"\" game. Michael is then kidnapped by Pighead and forced to play Jigsaw's game in order to investigate his father's death. After being abandoned by another victim, Solomon Bates, Michael is given another chance. The first victim Michael must save is a college student named Griff whom his father arrested for raping his professor. Michael continues through the hotel, traversing traps, and rescuing a pedophile named Zeke. Immediately afterwards, Michael finds Chief", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19858358", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 2\"\narrives holding Gale at gunpoint. Sidney discovers that Debbie Salt is actually Billy Loomis' mother, seeking revenge for her son's death. Mickey explains that they met online and that Mrs. Loomis agreed to pay for Mickey's tuition fee while Mickey does the actual killing - with the exception of Randy's, who Mrs. Loomis claims responsibility for. Mrs. Loomis betrays Mickey and shoots him, as she plans to blame the murders on Mickey. Before he collapses, Mickey accidentally shoots Gale, causing her to fall off the stage. Sidney and Mrs. Loomis fight, until Cotton intervenes and eventually shoots Mrs. Loomis in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19440796", "chunk_text": "\"Bloody Murder 2: Closing Camp\"\nbecoming suspicious. While Tracy checks the recordings once more, she discovers the footage has been altered. As Angela searches for Ryan's pager, Trevor Moorehouse strikes her in the head with a machete, killing her. Tracy warns Sofie, who sets off to find Angela. Tracy goes into Rick's office to find the keys, but Rick appears. Rick attempts to tell her of his innocence, but Tracy runs away. Meanwhile, as Sofie finds Angela's body, she is knocked unconscious. Tracy manages to phone Sheriff Miller, before she is chased by Rick. As Rick corners her, Sheriff Miller arrives and shoots Rick. Sheriff", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10520651", "chunk_text": "\"Blye, K., Part 2\"\nbe the killer. Kensi goes back to her mother's house where a brutal fight later ensues between her and Claremont as the two engage in hand-to-hand combat while Callen, Sam, Deeks and Granger engage in a gunfight against the four members of Clairmont's team. After a vicious and intense fight, Kensi wins but doesn't kill him, simply stating that he won't last long while implying that his injuries are so severe that there's a chance he'll die. As she turns her back on him, Claremont, seeking revenge uses the last ounce of his strength to produce his gun with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7376309", "chunk_text": "\"My Super Psycho Sweet 16: Part 2\"\nYard\"\" to check on some business. A stranger—Charlie Rotter, the perpetrator of the Roller-Dome massacre and Skye's father—asks to borrow his jumper cables to fix his truck, and when Ted happily obliges, Rotter stabs him in the back and strangles him to death with a jumper cable in the trunk of his Acadia. Back in Skye's hometown, her friend Derek meets a girl named Courtney at school and they begin to date. The two are about to make out when Brigg enters the room to tell Derek that Skye finally messaged him back. Courtney shows disdain towards Skye, calling her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8973198", "chunk_text": "\"Final Destination 2\"\neffectively, and add levels and layers that would come out through the characters. When we first started writing this, we were trying to think, 'How can we make Death just a total badass?' and to be perfectly honest, the first crack we ever took at this script had to be reined in!\"\" Bress uncovered. On the other hand, producers Craig Perry and Warren Zide from Zide/Perry Productions also returned and helped on financing the film. The protagonist of the prior film, Alex Browning (Devon Sawa), was killed off-screen in the film. Rumors indicated that Sawa had a contract dispute with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15310651", "chunk_text": "\"Planet Terror\"\nMuldoon explains that he killed Osama bin Laden before he and his men were infected and were ordered to protect the area. El Wray offers a respectful recognition of Muldoon's military service before he and Abby shoot the mutating Muldoon. Meanwhile, Cherry is forced to dance by the first soldier held at gunpoint. Eventually, she breaks her wooden leg across his face and stabs him in his eye with it. Dakota, after realizing her hands have regained feeling, quick-draws her syringe launcher and stuns the second soldier. El Wray and Abby arrive to rescue Cherry and Dakota, and El Wray", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10021581", "chunk_text": "\"Criminal Minds (season 2)\"\nStripping Bandit\"\", a meth-addicted bank robber who forces bystanders to strip naked. In the episode \"\"Aftermath\"\", Jason London guest-starred as William Lee, a serial rapist who impregnates his victims, and is later murdered by Elle Greenaway. Dahlia Salem guest-starred as Detective Maggie Callahan, who leads the investigation of the rapes. In the episode \"\"The Boogeyman\"\", Elle Fanning guest-starred as Tracy Belle, an elementary school student who is nearly murdered by child killer Jeffrey Charles, played by Cameron Monaghan. Sean Bridgers guest-starred as Jeffrey's father, James, who was the prime suspect in the murders. In the episode \"\"North Mammon\"\", Mimi Michaels", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10564386", "chunk_text": "\"Killer BOB\"\nhorrible crimes to elicit pain, fear, and suffering from those around him. During his investigation of Laura Palmer's murder, FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper first learns of BOB's existence in a vision, in which he encounters another entity named MIKE. In this vision, Cooper learns that BOB was in life a serial killer who raped and murdered young women, with MIKE as his accomplice. MIKE eventually repented, removing his left arm in order to be rid of the tattoo that he shared with BOB. At the beginning of the second season, one of BOB's intended victims, Ronnette Pulaski, awakens from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19858353", "chunk_text": "\"Scream 2\"\nher hands for a moment, Ghostface fatally stabs her. At first, the audience believes the act to be a publicity stunt until she falls dead in front of the cinema screen. The following day, the news media, including local journalist Debbie Salt (Laurie Metcalf), descend on Windsor College where Sidney Prescott (Neve Campbell) now studies alongside her best friend Hallie McDaniel (Elise Neal), her new boyfriend Derek Feldman (Jerry O'Connell), fellow Woodsboro survivor Randy Meeks (Jamie Kennedy), and Derek's best friend Mickey Altieri (Timothy Olyphant). Two other Woodsboro survivors arrive at the campus: officer Dwight \"\"Dewey\"\" Riley (David Arquette) to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9528191", "chunk_text": "Fulgore\nthat can only be executed at close range. The last of Fulgore's techniques is his ability to deflect projectiles, in which Fulgore coats his body with a blue shield. In \"\"Killer Instinct 2\"\" he also gains an additional, Predator-like ability to turn invisible. Fulgore uses his blades in conjunction with a barrage of kicks (especially roundhouse kicks) and can also perform a large uppercut similar to Jago's. \"\"Robot Eye\"\" can be used as part of a combo, and the launched projectiles to finish a combo. The new version of Fulgore (previously seen only in an artbook and leaked in character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8169892", "chunk_text": "\"My Super Psycho Sweet 16: Part 2\"\ntoo far. Molly enters and she and Jams make out, until Molly begins to spasm and Jams sees that a hole has been carved in the back of her head, with Rotter behind her wielding an electric blade. Horrified, Jams falls on his knees and desperately begs for his life, but Rotter does not budge and hacks Jams to death with a meat cleaver. Afterwards, Skye tells Brigg she cannot go back to her hometown with him, in fear of being ridiculed and labeled as a killer. Brigg leaves angry. Courtney Ramirez tells Alex about her sister's past, and Derek", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11793149", "chunk_text": "\"Smokin' Aces 2: Assassins' Ball\"\nMcTeague takes her to a closet where he cradles her as she dies. At this point, the Tremors break into the bar, firing heavy machine guns and killing all of the agents save for Little who escapes. McTeague, angry at Martinez's death fights Baby Boy, attaching an explosive to him before being gunned down by Lester and Fritz; the explosive that explodes within the body then kills Baby Boy. Meanwhile, Soot has escaped the firefight and still disguised as Dumare, convinces Abrego to let him into the secure area. He then double-crosses Abrego and kills him. Before he dies, Abrego", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14583917", "chunk_text": "\"Kick-Ass 2 (comic book)\"\nlater Todd are members. Led by the repentant born-again Christian \"\"Colonel Stars\"\", the group launch a campaign against the local crime families of the city. Behind the scenes, the Red Mist (now using the code name \"\"The Motherfucker\"\") has begun recruiting his own group of villains using social media and his father's wealth. Together, the group (known as \"\"The Toxic Mega-Cunts\"\") brutally murder Colonel Stars by cutting off his head, inserting his dog's head on his body, and then launching a full-on assault upon the suburban neighborhood where Katie Deauxma (Kick-Ass's unrequited crush) lives. Nearly a hundred innocent children, police", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3235	what's in a beam me up scotty?	n/a	[ "phencyclidine", "cocaine" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9522125", "chunk_text": "\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\nBeam me up, Scotty \"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\" is a catchphrase that made its way into popular culture from the science fiction television series \"\"\"\". It comes from the command Captain Kirk gives his chief engineer, Montgomery \"\"Scotty\"\" Scott, when he needs to be transported back to the Starship \"\"Enterprise\"\". Though it has become irrevocably associated with the series and films, the exact phrase was never actually spoken in any \"\"Star Trek\"\" television episode or film. Despite this, the quote has become a phrase of its own over time. It can be used to describe one's desire to be elsewhere,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8012346", "chunk_text": "\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\nme up, Scotty\"\", despite having never responded to this exact command in the show. Doohan himself chose to use the phrase as the title of his 1996 autobiography. The quote \"\"Beam me up, Scotty!\"\" has been extended beyond its original meaning to describe an expression of \"\"the desire to be elsewhere\"\", or the desire to be out of an unwanted situation. Along with this, it has been associated with things that are futuristic, such as the possibility of teleportation. The phrase has also been used as slang for certain drugs. An Oxford Reference page defined \"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\" as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17898493", "chunk_text": "\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\nis a translation of the misquotation into Latin. Beam me up, Scotty \"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\" is a catchphrase that made its way into popular culture from the science fiction television series \"\"\"\". It comes from the command Captain Kirk gives his chief engineer, Montgomery \"\"Scotty\"\" Scott, when he needs to be transported back to the Starship \"\"Enterprise\"\". Though it has become irrevocably associated with the series and films, the exact phrase was never actually spoken in any \"\"Star Trek\"\" television episode or film. Despite this, the quote has become a phrase of its own over time. It can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9522130", "chunk_text": "\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\n\"\"a mixture of phencyclidine and cocaine\"\" and to \"\"talk to Scotty, high off Scotty, see Scotty... etc.\"\" In recent usage, the phrase has been referenced by Baxter County Sheriff's drug slang definitions. It is also referenced in the book \"\"Vice Slang\"\" by Tom Dalzell and Terry Victor, for crack cocaine, and to describe \"\"Beamers, Beemers\"\", as those taking said drugs. The exact timing of when the phrase became popular is unclear. However, early signs of the quote's usage to describe something separate of Star Trek can be found roughly ten years after Star Trek's airing in 1966, in a publication", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8012345", "chunk_text": "\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\ntechnology such as teleportation, slang for certain drugs, or as a phrase to show appreciation and association with the television show. Despite the phrase entering into popular culture, it is a misquotation and has never been said in any of the television series or films, contrary to popular belief. The popularity of the misquotation has led to many new phrases, both associated with Star Trek or otherwise. The misquotation's influence led to James Doohan, the actor who played Scotty, to be misrepresented in his own obituary. In it, he is referenced as the character who \"\"responded to the command, \"\"Beam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6408993", "chunk_text": "\"Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)\"\nBeam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) Beam Me Up Scotty is the third mixtape by American rapper Nicki Minaj; it was released on April 18, 2009 by Trapaholics Records. It features guest verses from rappers Bobby V, Brinx, Birdman, Busta Rhymes, Drake, Gucci Mane, Mack Maine, Gudda Gudda, Lil Twist, Jae Millz, Lil Wayne, Red Café, Lil Chuckee, Ricky Blaze, Rocko, Ron Browz, and Shanell. Its production was overseen by DJ Holiday and The Trapaholics. \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" received favorable reviews from contemporary music critics, and is also largely credited with establishing Minaj's fan base. One of its tracks, \"\"I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4120238", "chunk_text": "\"Scotty (Star Trek)\"\npub crawler\"\", and Aberdeen city leaders proposed plans to erect a monument to the actor and character. Scotty's operation of the \"\"Enterprise\"\" transporter system inspired the catchphrase \"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\", which gained currency in popular culture beyond \"\"Star Trek\"\" fans, even though the exact phrase is not spoken in that way in the original series, although it is used frequently in the animated series. In \"\"\"\", Kirk says, \"\"Scotty, beam me up.\"\" Doohan himself briefly reprised the role for a gag cameo in the action comedy \"\"Loaded Weapon 1\"\" (1993), as well as being Scotty in the movie \"\"Knight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10107526", "chunk_text": "\"Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)\"\nto Rob Molster of \"\"The Cavalier Daily\"\", \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" \"\"garnered [Minaj] a reputation for delivering vicious lyrics with a fresh style...[and] also revealed Minaj to have a knack for invoking alternative personalities, adding another layer to her already complex persona.\"\" The recording is credited with helping to create Minaj's fanbase. Shortly after its release, Minaj, along with other Cash Money/Young Money artists, appeared on MTV.com's \"\"Mixtape Daily\"\" to discuss the recording. Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape) Beam Me Up Scotty is the third mixtape by American rapper Nicki Minaj; it was released on April 18, 2009 by Trapaholics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9522131", "chunk_text": "\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\nof the Royal Aeronautical Journal. It describes a certain routine as \"\"a sort of 'beam me up scotty' routine'\"\". Over time, the phrase has been extended to, \"\"Beam me up, Scotty, there's no intelligent life down here!\"\", popularized on bumper stickers and t-shirts, despite neither quote ever being said on the show. The science fiction parody \"\"Spaceballs\"\" (1987) devotes a small movie scene to the misquotation. It starts with following conversation between president Skroop, who distrust the transporter technology, and spaceship officer Zircon: The planetarium in the animated series \"\"South Park\"\" (1997) carries the inscription \"\"\"\"Me transmitte sursum, Caledoni!\"\"\"\", which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1366485", "chunk_text": "\"Warp Drive\"\nspeed, Scotty?\"\", incorrectly using a Scottish accent as he did so. One supervisor, Jim Burton of Blue Ridge, tried to be serious. He reminded the board that \"\"warp\"\" had other meanings. \"\"You need to think about it before you vote on it\"\" he warned. \"\"Would you prefer 'Beam me up, Scotty?'\"\", the board's chairman replied. In the end the vote was unanimous. \"\"What more uplifting motion could there possibly be than something that will literally make law out of a Star Trek joke?\"\" concluded Miller. \"\"It's a great idea. I look forward to driving on Warp Drive myself.\"\" Orbital agreed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10107525", "chunk_text": "\"Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)\"\nwere extremely similar. Dark skin thick girl rapping about explicit issues we only talk about behind closed doors – yeah, I’d say she was a carbon copy. But after removing the stubborn sticker from my forehead, I sat down and dissected shorty’s material and the parallels didn’t exist like I once thought.\"\" In his consumer guide for MSN Music, critic Robert Christgau gave \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" an A- rating, indicating \"\"the kind of garden-variety good record that is the great luxury of musical micromarketing and overproduction. Anyone open to its aesthetic will enjoy more than half its tracks\"\". According", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4120239", "chunk_text": "\"Scotty (Star Trek)\"\nRider 2000\"\" (1991), while parodies of Scotty or his accent appear in such media as \"\"World of Warcraft\"\" (2004), \"\"Spaceballs\"\" (1987), \"\"Goof Troop\"\", \"\"The Simpsons\"\", \"\"\"\" (1994), \"\"Beavis and Butt-Head\"\" and \"\"All That\"\". Scotty also appeared in a \"\"Far Side\"\" comic, where he was in Hell. In the song \"\"Boat Drinks\"\", singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett asks, \"\"Could you beam me somewhere, Mister Scott? Any old place, here on Earth or in space, you pick the century and I'll pick the spot.\"\" Rap artists D4L have a song \"\"Scotty\"\" that uses his character and \"\"Star Trek\"\", as do Relient K in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5032095", "chunk_text": "\"Transporter (Star Trek)\"\nengineer Montgomery Scott during the original series. The phrase was never uttered by anyone in the original series, although the lines \"\"Scotty, beam us up\"\" and \"\"Beam me up\"\" were spoken by Captain Kirk in that series. \"\"Scotty, beam me up\"\" was spoken by Admiral Kirk in \"\"Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home\"\". On the special edition DVD of \"\"Star Trek IV\"\", the text commentary provided by Michael and Denise Okuda (co-authors of \"\"The Star Trek Encyclopedia\"\" and \"\"The Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future\"\") indicates that this was the closest anyone came to using that catchphrase in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10107523", "chunk_text": "\"Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)\"\nlive at a club concert and behind the scenes of the \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" photo shoot. The video was premiered on Hoodaffairs on Demand who also had a part in shooting the clip. \"\"Go Hard\"\", featuring Lil Wayne, was promoted with a music video shot by director Koach K. Rich. \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" was well received by critics and fans alike receiving an average score of 78. MTV's \"\"Mixtape Daily\"\" chose Beam Me Up Scotty as its weekly pick on May 4, 2009, giving the album positive reviews: \"\"Yeah, you are going to hear a bunch of more-than-just-friendly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9904992", "chunk_text": "\"Beam-powered propulsion\"\nBeam-powered propulsion Beam-powered propulsion, also known as directed energy propulsion, is a class of aircraft or spacecraft propulsion that uses energy beamed to the spacecraft from a remote power plant to provide energy. The beam is typically either a microwave or a laser beam and it is either pulsed or continuous. A continuous beam lends itself to thermal rockets, photonic thrusters and light sails, whereas a pulsed beam lends itself to ablative thrusters and pulse detonation engines. The rule of thumb that is usually quoted is that it takes a megawatt of power beamed to a vehicle per kg of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5032094", "chunk_text": "\"Transporter (Star Trek)\"\nbeing detected and removed by the transporter technology as an infestation in the host. Odan, the Trill host in this episode, is reluctant to say why he will not travel this way, and it only becomes apparent that he is carrying a symbiont when he is later injured. All the crew of the \"\"Enterprise\"\" react as if they have had no contact with this species before. It later becomes apparent that joined Trill have been working in the Federation for some time. The famous catchphrase \"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\" refers to the transporter device, which was often operated by chief", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6408994", "chunk_text": "\"Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)\"\nGet Crazy\"\", respectively charted at numbers 20 and 37 on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Rap Songs and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs component charts. \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" was recorded after Lil Wayne noticed Minaj's appearance on Queens-based underground rap label Dirty Money Records on \"\"The Re Up\"\" DVD series.<ref name=\"\"Billboard - Nicki/Wayne Tour\"\"></ref> He is credited with mentoring Minaj as she recorded \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\", two years after her appearance on \"\"Don't Stop, Won't Stop\"\", a track from Wayne's acclaimed 2007 mixtape \"\"Da Drought 3\"\" that sampled \"\"Can't Stop, Won't Stop (Young Gunz song)\"\" by Young Gunz. Minaj says of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8712272", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: The Animated Series\"\n\"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\" (long erroneously believed to be a \"\"Star Trek\"\" catchphrase), when he commands \"\"Beam us up, Scotty\"\". \"\"\"\" arguably comes closer to it by having Kirk say \"\"Scotty, beam me up\"\". An anti-pollution public service announcement was created for non-profit Keep America Beautiful featuring the \"\"ST: TAS\"\" characters and original cast voices. In the ad, the \"\"Enterprise\"\" encounters the \"\"Rhombian Pollution Belt\"\". The ad ran during Saturday morning network programming during the series' run. The animated series also dispensed with the original series' theme music, composed by Alexander Courage, in favor of a new theme credited to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6408995", "chunk_text": "\"Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)\"\nher time on tour with Lil Wayne: \"\"It made me hungry. That's what inspired me and the music for the \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty tape\"\" — the \"\"I Am Music Tour\"\".\"\" Minaj credits \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" with re-focusing her on her music at a time when much of her career efforts were associated with her image: \"\"I Get Crazy\"\", featuring Lil Wayne, charted on the U.S. R&B charts due to heavy airplay. A music video for the song \"\"Itty Bitty Piggy\"\" was released for the song due to popular demand. The video is shots of Nicki performing the song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17542642", "chunk_text": "\"The Gamesters of Triskelion\"\nepisode is taken from this Star Trek episode \"\"complete with similar incidental music\"\". The popular \"\"Star Trek\"\" catchphrase \"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\" is a common misquotation, with \"\"The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations\"\" stating that the nearest equivalent is the phrase uttered in this episode: \"\"Scotty, beam us up.\"\" The episode has been mentioned and discussed in a number of works of television studies. In \"\"Batman Unmasked: Analyzing a Cultural Icon\"\" (2013), the episode is compared to the \"\"Green Ice/Deep Freeze\"\" episode pairing in the 1960s \"\"Batman\"\" television series. \"\"The Gamesters of Triskelion\"\" is also described in \"\"Modern Amazons: Warrior Women", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9905014", "chunk_text": "\"Beam-powered propulsion\"\nthe object, giving an impulse that changes the eccentricity of the object's orbit. The orbit would then intersect the atmosphere and burn up. Beam-powered propulsion Beam-powered propulsion, also known as directed energy propulsion, is a class of aircraft or spacecraft propulsion that uses energy beamed to the spacecraft from a remote power plant to provide energy. The beam is typically either a microwave or a laser beam and it is either pulsed or continuous. A continuous beam lends itself to thermal rockets, photonic thrusters and light sails, whereas a pulsed beam lends itself to ablative thrusters and pulse detonation engines.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1316722", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (video game)\"\nslices of blueberry pie, extra lives are awarded for every ten neutrons found, and weapons include the Shrink Ray, Inflato Ray, and the Jimmy Bat. Three types of vehicles can also be used to traverse the levels, the Goddard Pogo, the Goddard Sled, and the Goddard Scooter. The game disk includes a behind the scenes feature hosted by Nick Cannon, as well as footage from the movie, shorts, and trailers can be unlocked. Metacritic gave the GameCube version of the game a score of 42 out of 100 based on four \"\"Generally unfavorable reviews\"\". Elsewhere, GameRankings gave it a score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15001373", "chunk_text": "\"Physics of the Impossible\"\nsoon we will be saying, \"\"Beam me up Scotty.\"\" He writes, that in this regard, this book helps to “sustain our sense of an increasing acceleration into a future that must be radically different from the present.” According to Appleyard this radically different and better future \"\"... is what lies at the core of this type of book. The future, conceived as some realm in which contemporary problems have been resolved, is the primary, though usually unacknowledged, faith\"\" that people have always had.\"\" Physics of the Impossible According to Kaku, technological advances that we take for granted today were declared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11026886", "chunk_text": "\"Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy\"\nmoving. Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy The Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy (SMOT) is a 1985 invention by Greg Watson from Australia that claims to show \"\"over-unity\"\" energy — that is, it produces more energy than it consumes, a perpetual motion machine. This is, however, incorrect. In the theoretical SMOT design, a steel ball is pulled up a ramp by an array of permanent magnets. At the top of the ramp it falls, converting magnetic attraction into kinetic energy. A SMOT-like structure is shown in Emil T. Hartman's patent. Watson claims that a mechanism called \"\"regauging\"\" happens that allows the cycle to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14570789", "chunk_text": "\"Light tower (equipment)\"\nLight tower (equipment) A light tower is a piece of mobile equipment which has one or more high-intensity electric lamps and a mast. Almost always, the lights are attached to the mast, which is attached to a trailer, with a generator set to power the lamps. Normally the lamps are metal halide bulbs and the generator is powered by a diesel engine. However, battery-powered, solar-powered and hydrogen-powered sets are available; light towers with electrodeless lamps lighting are also sold. Modular kits permit separation of the generator set, trailer, lights and mast from each other. Another variation is an inflatable mast.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8393374", "chunk_text": "\"Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy\"\nSimple Magnetic Overunity Toy The Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy (SMOT) is a 1985 invention by Greg Watson from Australia that claims to show \"\"over-unity\"\" energy — that is, it produces more energy than it consumes, a perpetual motion machine. This is, however, incorrect. In the theoretical SMOT design, a steel ball is pulled up a ramp by an array of permanent magnets. At the top of the ramp it falls, converting magnetic attraction into kinetic energy. A SMOT-like structure is shown in Emil T. Hartman's patent. Watson claims that a mechanism called \"\"regauging\"\" happens that allows the cycle to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17977402", "chunk_text": "\"Lego Power Miners\"\nLego Power Miners crystals seem to be kinetic energy based instead. While Lego Power Miners collect their crystals for research purposes, the Rock Raiders collect them as fuel for their ship. Another difference between the themes is that the Crystals eaten by Rock Monsters in Power Miners make them release the kinetic energy, causing massive rumbles when underneath the surface. The Power Miners are dressed in blue/gray clothing and their vehicles are green/orange and very large, similar to real-world mining equipment – a difference between this theme and Rock Raiders, which is more futuristic with more compact vehicles and grungier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17770994", "chunk_text": "\"Space Pilot 3000\"\nSimpsons\"\", as Fry is going through the tube. A running gag of the series is Bender's fondness for Olde Fortran malt liquor, named after Olde English 800 malt liquor and the programming language Fortran. The drink was first introduced in this episode and became so closely associated with the character that he was featured with a bottle in both the Rocket USA wind-up toy and the action figure released by Moore Action Collectibles. In its initial airing, the episode had \"\"unprecedented strong numbers\"\" with a Nielsen rating of 11.2/17 in homes and 9.6/23 in adults 18–49. The \"\"Futurama\"\" premiere was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17266601", "chunk_text": "\"Dr. Dude and His Excellent Ray\"\nDr. Dude and His Excellent Ray Dr. Dude and His Excellent Ray is a pinball machine designed by Dennis Nordman and released in 1990 by Midway (under the Bally label). The theme of the game revolves around gaining coolness. The ultimate goal of the game is to become a cool \"\"Super Dude\"\" by visiting the \"\"kinetic clinic\"\" with the \"\"excellent ray\"\" as a treatment. To achieve this, the player has at first to collect the ingredients of \"\"ultimate hipness\"\" to increase the \"\"Dude-O-Meter\"\": the \"\"Heart of Rock 'n' Roll\"\", a \"\"Magnetic Personality\"\", and the \"\"Gift of gab\"\". Further gameplay features", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13777845", "chunk_text": "\"BEAM robotics\"\nrobotic vacuum cleaner and a few lawn-mowing robots. The main practical application of BEAM has been in the rapid prototyping of motion systems and hobby/education applications. Mark Tilden has successfully used BEAM for the prototyping of products for Wow-Wee Robotics, as evidenced by B.I.O.Bug and RoboRaptor. Solarbotics Ltd., Bug'n'Bots, JCM InVentures Inc., and PagerMotors.com have also brought BEAM-related hobby and educational goods to the marketplace. Vex has also developed Hexbugs, tiny BEAM robots. Aspiring BEAM roboticists often have problems with the lack of direct control over \"\"pure\"\" BEAM control circuits. There is ongoing work to evaluate biomorphic techniques that copy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "992944", "chunk_text": "\"Marmaduke Surfaceblow\"\nThe character's name was coined from Marmaduke, a Scottish name, and Surfaceblow, which is the action of removing impurities from a steam boiler. Marmaduke Surfaceblow predates Scotty by 17 years. James Doohan explained he proposed a Scottish accent for the character of \"\"Enterprise\"\" chief engineer because they were the best engineers. While not stated it is apparent many of the stories were inspired by actual events. Surfaceblow's adventures were consolidated by Elonka into a single volume \"\"Marmaduke Surfaceblow's Salty Technical Romances\"\", R. E. Krieger Pub. Co, 1979. Copies are rare and highly sought. Marmaduke Surfaceblow Marmaduke Surfaceblow is a fictional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3778684", "chunk_text": "\"The Futurological Congress\"\nuncensored—you would drop in your tracks!\"\" The professor then gives Tichy a flask of \"\"up'n'at'm, one of the vigilanimides, a powerful countersomniac and antipsychem agent. A derivative of dimethylethylhexabutylpeptopeyotine\"\". With his first sniff of up'n'at'm, Tichy watches as the gilded surroundings of the five-star restaurant they are in evaporates into a dingy concrete bunker, and his stuffed pheasant turns into \"\"the most unappetizing gray-brown gruel, which stuck in globs to my tin — no longer silver — fork\"\". But this first dose is just the beginning of Tichy's journey. He sees that people do not drive cars or ride in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9657013", "chunk_text": "\"Warp 75\"\nWarp 75 The Warp 75 is an LED device designed by NASA, currently used to reduce the painful side effects resulting from chemotherapy and radiation treatment in bone marrow and stem cell transplant patients. It was initially used to grow plants in extraterrestrial environments. Glowing red light from High Emissivity Aluminiferous Luminescent Substrate, or HEALS technology has been proven to aid in the healing of human wounds, burns, diabetic skin ulcers and oral mucositis. The Warp 75 is also used for the treatment of chronic pain, including the temporary relief of minor muscle and joint pain, arthritis, muscle spasms, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10070493", "chunk_text": "\"Fry and the Slurm Factory\"\ninside a can of Slurm wins a free trip to the Slurm plant, a tour of the Slurm Factory, as well as a party with the popular Slurm mascot, Slurms McKenzie. Fry resolves to find the bottlecap by drinking massive quantities of Slurm. Meanwhile, Bender is sick with a high fever (900°F); Professor Farnsworth uses this as an excuse to test his experimental \"\"F-ray\"\", a flashlight-like device that enables the user to look through anything, even metal. The Professor is able to find out what is causing Bender's high fever; he reveals a watch that belongs to Amy Wong caught", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20380765", "chunk_text": "Rochard\nWhen the gravity beam mode is selected it allows John to grab and shoot or drop certain objects like crates, explosives containers etc. With the gravity beam John can also manipulate and move certain objects, like big mining lasers, cargo containers etc. After an upgrade the G-Beam is powerful enough to lift John in low G allowing him to dangle and swing from certain objects. All objects which can be manipulated with the gravity beam are highlighted with a white swipe effect on the surface. The player gets to upgrade the gravity beam several times to gain new abilities to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20096399", "chunk_text": "\"Happy Fun Ball\"\nby Dana Carvey, Jan Hooks and Mike Myers. The brief commercial declared that Happy Fun Ball (produced by Wacky Products Incorporated, and its parent company, Global Chemical Unlimited), just $14.95, was \"\"the toy sensation that's sweeping the nation!\"\" However, this positive message about the innocuous-seeming toy was undercut by a much lengthier number of bizarre disclaimers and warnings, including \"\"may suddenly accelerate to dangerous speeds\"\" and \"\"If Happy Fun Ball begins to smoke, seek shelter and cover head.\"\" Ingredients include \"\"an unknown glowing substance which fell to Earth, presumably from outer space\"\"; said ingredients are not to be \"\"touched, inhaled,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4310955", "chunk_text": "\"Space Aliens Grill & Bar\"\nan arcade room called \"\"Galaxy Games\"\". The bar in the restaurant is referred to as \"\"The Bar from Mars\"\".With a Party room called “Area 51” Space Aliens is best known for its barbecue ribs and fire-roasted pizza; however, it has a wide selection of food items including steaks, hamburgers, and quesadillas. Founder Mort Bank gained a minor bit of national notoriety in 2012 when he sold a gallon of \"\"McJordan BBQ Sauce\"\" from his time as a McDonald's operator on Ebay for $9,995. Space Aliens Grill & Bar Space Aliens Grill & Bar is a small, regional chain of outer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6408997", "chunk_text": "\"Beam Me Up Scotty (mixtape)\"\nshout-outs to the ladies – Nicki says she loves the girls and has no problem surrounding herself with \"\"bad bitches.\"\" \"\"Mixtape Daily\"\" favored tracks such as \"\"I Get Crazy \"\", \"\"Kill the DJ\"\" & \"\"Envy\"\". \"\"Beam Me Up Scotty\"\" is credited with helping distinguish Minaj as a popular female figure in a male-dominated genre. BET.com's \"\"SoundOff TV\"\" gave Minaj a positive review on her mixtape while commenting on impressions of Minaj herself: \"\"I’m not going to front, when Nicki first hit my 'new rapper radar' I immediately hit the 'I’ll pass' button since the parallels between her and Lil' Kim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7023091", "chunk_text": "\"Light beam\"\nLight beam A light beam or beam of light is a directional projection of light energy radiating from a light source. Sunlight forms a light beam (a sunbeam) when filtered through media such as clouds, foliage, or windows. To artificially produce a light beam, a lamp and a parabolic reflector is used in many lighting devices such as spotlights, car headlights, PAR Cans and LED housings. Light from certain types of laser has the smallest possible beam divergence. From the side, a beam of light is only visible if part of the light is scattered by objects: tiny particles like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9905012", "chunk_text": "\"Beam-powered propulsion\"\nMass production has lowered the production cost of microwave oven magnetrons to <0.01 $/Watt and some medical lasers to <10 $/Watt, though these are thought to be unsuitable for use in beam directors. In 1964 William C. Brown demonstrated a miniature helicopter equipped with a combination antenna and rectifier device called a rectenna. The rectenna converted microwave power into electricity, allowing the helicopter to fly. In 2002 a Japanese group propelled a tiny aluminium airplane by using a laser to vaporize a water droplet clinging to it, and in 2003 NASA researchers flew an 11-ounce (312 g) model airplane with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13698866", "chunk_text": "\"Alpha Beam with Ernie\"\nletters. \"\"Alpha Beam\"\" was compatible with the Atari Kid's Controller, which was sold separately, although the regular keyboard controller is also compatible. Alpha Beam with Ernie Alpha Beam With Ernie is an edutainment video game released for the Atari 2600 by Atari in 1983. It was developed in conjunction with the Children's Computer Workshop. The game was programmed by Michael Callahan and Preston Stuart. The object of \"\"Alpha Beam\"\" is to help \"\"Sesame Street\"\"'s Ernie pilot a small shuttle, collect fuel tanks (marked by a letter of the alphabet), and return them to his space ship so that he can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13446976", "chunk_text": "Lite-Brite\nof LEDs. Over the years, Lite-Brite was offered in different forms including a flat-screen version, a 3D cube, and an FX edition that spins and plays music. The Lite-Brite LED Flat Screen currently sells at MSRP $10, comes in several colors, is LED lit, and is portable, running on three AA batteries. The Lite-Brite 3D cube (called the Four-Share Cube) is a LED-lit four-sided cube that allowed children to play with friends or save three of their designs. The FX Edition is no longer on Hasbro's website. The website has SUN 'N NITE BRITE Sets priced at $10 MSRP and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6602387", "chunk_text": "\"Sting Energy Drink\"\nSting Energy Drink Sting Energy Drink is a carbonated energy drink from PepsiCo International. Sting is available in three flavours, such as original Gold Rush, Gold (with Ginseng), Power Pacq (Gold Rush with Malunggay), Power Lime (Kiwifruit/Lime) and Berry Blast (Strawberry). Carbonated water, Sugar, Citric Acid, Artificial flavour, Maltodextrin, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Taurine, Potassium Sorbate, Caffeine, Sodium Benzoate, Tartrazine, Inosital, Calcium Disodium EDTA, Modified Food Starch, Panax Ginseng Extract, Niacinamide, Sunset Yellow, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride and Cyanocobalamin. Serving size: 330ml After the launch of Sting in Pakistan, PepsiCo started a widespread campaign, which included road advertising and TV commercials. Starting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13088482", "chunk_text": "\"Products produced from The Simpsons\"\nthe beer became a collectors’ item, with one case selling for $US13,000. Duff Beer was not sold at 7-Eleven because the promoters wanted to have “good, responsible fun.” However, a Duff Energy Drink was released in place of the Duff Beer. Krusty-O's is a brand of breakfast cereal endorsed by Krusty the Clown which prominently features his likeness on the box. The real KrustyO's, sold by 7 Eleven, were produced by the Malt-O-Meal corporation. Krusty-Brand Cereal is the catalyst for the episode \"\"'Round Springfield\"\", when Bart swallows a \"\"jagged metal Krusty-O\"\" included in the box as a premium and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20938564", "chunk_text": "\"Acky's XP Breakout\"\nstems from a game mode called \"\"XP mode\"\", where the player can collect 26 unique gemstone power items (e.g., blaster, laser, gluon cannon, tractor beam and \"\"prediction beam\"\"). The game includes 150 levels which are extended by two free level packs with 50 levels each. The game features an online highscore board, 80 different brick types from 21 custom brick classes, a level editor, particle effects and object morphing. Acky's XP Breakout Acky's XP Breakout is a \"\"Breakout\"\" clone and remake of Taito's \"\"Arkanoid\"\", based on Atari's \"\"Breakout\"\" games from the 1970s. You were on a space mission collecting ether", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15949000", "chunk_text": "\"Morphett Vale, South Australia\"\nengine. Morphett Vale Quick Response Vehicle (QRV) - This appliance is their quick rural response vehicle. The appliance is built on a Holden Rodeo tray top utility to which we have fitted a 350-litre water tank and a Darley Snuffer Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS) pump. The CAFS pump is capable of producing a very high quality foam with only minimal use of foam concentrate and water. With the CAFS pump operating it is possible to produce high quality foam for longer than 10 minutes using just the 400 litres of water in the tank, normal pumps would use a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20847732", "chunk_text": "\"Scotty's Brewhouse\"\nhamburgers and pizza. Scotty's Brewhouse has a monthly hamburger. In August 2015, the hamburger of the month was a burger topped with deep fried Oreos, crushed Oreos, and cream cheese frosting. Scotty's Brew Club has a Bloody Mary bar and brunch. They also serve a hamburger with peanut butter on it, called a Shewman Burger. Additional menu items include steak, mussels, fried pickles and nachos and trendier food such as tater tot nachos and macaroni and cheese. The breweries produce Three Wise Men beer. Most of the restaurants also serve wine and liquor. Scotty's Brewhouse Scotty's Brewhouse is a chain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14103663", "chunk_text": "Quotation\nthe purpose of criticism or review, provided that it is accompanied by sufficient acknowledgement. Many quotations are routinely incorrect or attributed to the wrong authors, and quotations from obscure or unknown writers are often attributed to far more famous writers. Examples of this are Winston Churchill, to whom many political quotations of uncertain origin are attributed, and Oscar Wilde, to whom anonymous humorous quotations are sometimes attributed. The \"\"Star Trek\"\" catchphrase \"\"Beam me up, Scotty\"\" did not appear in that form in the original series. Other misquotations include \"\"Just the facts, ma'am\"\" (attributed to Jack Webb's character of Joe Friday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17935452", "chunk_text": "\"Sting Energy Drink\"\nfrom Karachi, the Hummer (advertising vehicle) travels through different areas and offers free Sting energy drink to people on the roads. The TV commercial was shot in Indonesia in which a person is shown generating electricity and charging a car battery after drinking the Sting energy drink. Sting Energy Drink Sting Energy Drink is a carbonated energy drink from PepsiCo International. Sting is available in three flavours, such as original Gold Rush, Gold (with Ginseng), Power Pacq (Gold Rush with Malunggay), Power Lime (Kiwifruit/Lime) and Berry Blast (Strawberry). Carbonated water, Sugar, Citric Acid, Artificial flavour, Maltodextrin, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13946271", "chunk_text": "\"Beam emittance\"\nBeam emittance Emittance is a property of a charged particle beam in a particle accelerator. It is a measure for the average spread of particle coordinates in position-and-momentum phase space and has the dimension of length (e.g., meters) or length times angle (meters times radians). As a particle beam propagates along magnets and other beam-manipulating components of an accelerator, the position spread may change, but in a way that does not change the emittance. If the distribution over phase space is represented as a cloud in a plot (see figure), emittance is the area of the cloud. A more exact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3236	where did the legend of the easter bunny come from?	n/a	[ "German Lutherans" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2819054", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nEaster Bunny The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the \"\"Easter Hare\"\" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes. In legend, the creature carries colored eggs in his basket, candy, and sometimes also toys to the homes of children, and as such shows similarities to Santa Claus or the Christkind, as they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2819055", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nboth bring gifts to children on the night before their respective holidays. The custom was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau's \"\"De ovis paschalibus\"\" ('About Easter Eggs') in 1682, referring to a German tradition of an Easter Hare bringing Easter eggs for the children. The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art. In ancient times, it was widely believed (as by Pliny, Plutarch, Philostratus, and Aelian) that the hare was a hermaphrodite. The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary, with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2819059", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nlong-dead time of winter. The Ukrainian art of decorating eggs for Easter, known as \"\"pysanky\"\", dates to ancient, pre-Christian times. Similar variants of this form of artwork are seen amongst other eastern and central European cultures. The idea of an egg-giving hare went to the U.S. in the 18th century. Protestant German immigrants in the Pennsylvania Dutch area told their children about the \"\"Osterhase\"\" (sometimes spelled \"\"Oschter Haws\"\"). \"\"Hase\"\" means \"\"hare\"\", not rabbit, and in Northwest European folklore the \"\"Easter Bunny\"\" indeed is a hare. According to the legend, only good children received gifts of colored eggs in the nests", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5783056", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nin \"\"Cricket\"\" magazine. Both Breathnach and Dickmann present their respective 'transformed bird' stories as if they were legend, though no earlier version of either has been attested. Easter Bunny The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a rabbit bringing Easter eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the \"\"Easter Hare\"\" originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behavior at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes. In legend, the creature carries colored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5783055", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\n\"\"Shadow of the Hare\"\" (1993). The Oxford \"\"Dictionary of English Folklore\"\" however states \"\"... there is no shred of evidence\"\" that hares were sacred to Ēostre, noting that Bede does not associate her with any animal. Sarah Ben Breathnach in \"\"Mrs Sharp's Traditions\"\" (1990) provides an origin story for the Easter Bunny: \"\"According to legend, Eostre's favorite animal was a large handsome bird, which in a fit of anger she turned into a hare.\"\" Another version of this story, in which Ēostre transforms the bird into a hare in an act of mercy, was written by Jean-Andrew Dickmann and appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17824344", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nthat they made in their caps and bonnets before Easter. In his 1835 \"\"Deutsche Mythologie\"\", Jacob Grimm states \"\"The Easter Hare is unintelligible to me, but probably the hare was the sacred animal of Ostara\"\". This proposed association was repeated by other authors including Charles Isaac Elton and Charles J Billson. In 1961 Christina Hole wrote, \"\"The hare was the sacred beast of Eastre (or Eostre), a Saxon goddess of Spring and of the dawn.\"\" The belief that Ēostre had a hare companion who became the Easter Bunny was popularized when it was presented as fact in the BBC documentary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2819056", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nmanuscripts and Northern European paintings of the Virgin and Christ Child. It may also have been associated with the Holy Trinity, as in the three hares motif. Eggs, like rabbits and hares, are fertility symbols of antiquity. Since birds lay eggs and rabbits and hares give birth to large litters in the early spring, these became symbols of the rising fertility of the earth at the Vernal Equinox. Rabbits and hares are both prolific breeders. Female hares can conceive a second litter of offspring while still pregnant with the first. This phenomenon is known as superfetation. Lagomorphs mature sexually at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7049345", "chunk_text": "\"Bunny Man\"\ntheir hoppy, red lager known as The Bunny Man in a can that depicted the tunnel, a figure in a bunny suit, and a child holding a red balloon. The 2017 Amazon original series \"\"Lore\"\", based on the podcast of the same name, uses the Bunny Man legend to introduce the second episode of Season 1. In episode \"\"Let's Get Scared\"\", host Chris Gethard dresses as the Bunny Man for the full episode. Bunny Man The Bunny Man is an urban legend that originated from two incidents in Fairfax County, Virginia, in 1970, but has been spread throughout the Washington,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18304423", "chunk_text": "\"Bunny Man\"\nBunny Man The Bunny Man is an urban legend that originated from two incidents in Fairfax County, Virginia, in 1970, but has been spread throughout the Washington, D.C., area. The legend has many variations; most involve a man wearing a rabbit costume who attacks people with an axe or hatchet. Most of the stories occur around Colchester Overpass, a Southern Railway overpass spanning Colchester Road near Clifton, Virginia, sometimes referred to as \"\"Bunny Man Bridge\"\". Versions of the legend vary in the Bunny Man's name, motives, weapons, victims, description of the bunny costume or lack thereof, and sometimes even his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12710756", "chunk_text": "Rabbit\nfolklore as the trickster archetype, as he uses his cunning to outwit his enemies. The rabbit as trickster is a part of American popular culture, as Br'er Rabbit (from African-American folktales and, later, Disney animation) and Bugs Bunny (the cartoon character from Warner Bros.), for example. Anthropomorphized rabbits have appeared in film and literature, in \"\"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\"\" (the White Rabbit and the March Hare characters), in \"\"Watership Down\"\" (including the film and television adaptations), in \"\"Rabbit Hill\"\" (by Robert Lawson), and in the \"\"Peter Rabbit\"\" stories (by Beatrix Potter). In the 1920s, \"\"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit\"\", was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604734", "chunk_text": "Easter\nhave become associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades. There are also various traditional Easter foods that vary regionally. The modern English term \"\"Easter\"\", cognate with modern Dutch \"\"ooster\"\" and German \"\"Ostern\"\", developed from an Old English word that usually appears in the form \"\"Ēastrun\"\", \"\"-on\"\", or \"\"-an\"\"; but also as \"\"Ēastru\"\", \"\"-o\"\"; and \"\"Ēastre\"\" or \"\"Ēostre\"\". The most widely accepted theory of the origin of the term is that it is derived from the name of an Old English goddess mentioned by the 7th to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604797", "chunk_text": "Easter\nearly Christian community of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs red in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at his crucifixion. As such, for Christians, the Easter egg is a symbol of the empty tomb. The oldest tradition is to use dyed chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute decorated chocolate, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jellybeans. The Easter Bunny is a popular legendary anthropomorphic Easter gift-giving character analogous to Santa Claus in American culture. Many Americans follow the tradition of coloring hard-boiled eggs and giving baskets of candy. On Easter Monday, the President of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4425144", "chunk_text": "\"Egg rolling\"\nEgg rolling Egg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs. Starting in 1835, Jacob Grimm and other writers proposed that the pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess, Eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Grimm also suggested that her symbolic animal was \"\"probably\"\" the spring hare, and that the egg symbolized the rebirth of the land in spring. Some claim that Pope Gregory the Great had ordered his missionaries to use old religious", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4425153", "chunk_text": "\"Egg rolling\"\nother traditions such as egg tapping and egg decorating. Egg rolling Egg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs. Starting in 1835, Jacob Grimm and other writers proposed that the pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess, Eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Grimm also suggested that her symbolic animal was \"\"probably\"\" the spring hare, and that the egg symbolized the rebirth of the land in spring. Some claim that Pope Gregory the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3094705", "chunk_text": "\"The First Easter Rabbit\"\nThe First Easter Rabbit The First Easter Rabbit is an animated Easter television special that premiered April 9, 1976 on NBC and later aired on CBS. Created by Rankin/Bass, it tells the story of the Easter Bunny's origin. The special is loosely based on the children's book \"\"The Velveteen Rabbit\"\" by Margery Williams. Burl Ives did the narration for this special which also featured the song \"\"Easter Parade\"\". Following 1964's \"\"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer\"\", this is the second Rankin/Bass special to be narrated by Burl Ives. Stuffy (voiced by Robert Morse) is a stuffed rabbit, given to a little girl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19539254", "chunk_text": "\"Fantastic Easter Special\"\ntolerant, and incorruptible. This is why the Pope's mitre is shaped to accommodate a rabbit's ears. He also explained that the Church decided to bury the secret and put a man in charge. Ever since, \"\"The Hare Club for Men\"\" society members have decorated eggs for generations to keep the secret in da Vinci's painting alive. He further explains that Snowball is actually a direct descendant from St. Peter, and that Stan's father and the members of the Hare Club have been kidnapped by the Vatican, who wish to cover up this secret, viewing it as blasphemy. Donohue's ninja minions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019104", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Yeggs\"\nEaster Yeggs Easter Yeggs is a \"\"Looney Tunes\"\" animated short originally released theatrically on June 28, 1947, featuring Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd. The title is a play on \"\"Easter eggs\"\" and on \"\"yegg\"\", a slang term for a burglar or safecracker. Bugs Bunny finds the Easter Bunny (also called the \"\"Easter Rabbit\"\" throughout this cartoon) sitting on a rock, crying. The Easter Bunny tells Bugs that his feet are sore, so he cannot deliver the Easter eggs. Bugs takes up the job, not knowing that, every year, the Easter Bunny gets some \"\"dumb bunny\"\" to do his work for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7149700", "chunk_text": "\"Ēostre\"\nrabbits. Citing folk Easter customs in Leicestershire, England where \"\"the profits of the land called Harecrop Leys were applied to providing a meal which was thrown on the ground at the 'Hare-pie Bank'\"\", late 19th-century scholar Charles Isaac Elton theorizes a connection between these customs and the worship of . In his late 19th-century study of the hare in folk custom and mythology, Charles J. Billson cites numerous incidents of folk custom involving the hare around the period of Easter in Northern Europe. Billson says that \"\"whether there was a goddess named , or not, and whatever connection the hare", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9175983", "chunk_text": "\"German folklore\"\ncentury literature; the spirit Berchta (also known as Perchta); the Weisse Frauen, a water spirit said to protect children; the Wild Hunt (in German folklore preceded by an old man, Honest Eckart, who warns others of its approach); the giant Rübezahl; changeling legends; and many more generic entities such as the elf, dwarf, kobold and erlking. Popular folklore includes Krampus and Knecht Ruprecht, a rough companion to Santa Claus; the Lutzelfrau, a Yule witch who must be appeased with small presents; the Osterhase (Easter Hare - the original Easter Bunny); and Walpurgisnacht, a spring festival derived from pagan customs. Character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9087479", "chunk_text": "\"Salisbury Hare\"\nSalisbury Hare The Salisbury Hare is an English folk legend originating from the county of Wiltshire. The legend tells of a hare that dances during a full moon, and that anyone who sees the hare is said to have good fortune for the rest of his or her days. The Salisbury Hare folk legend is believed to have originated in pagan Anglo-Saxon England. Some sources contend that the legend dates from Celtic times, as the hare is linked to the goddess Ceridwen.<br> The first known recorded mention of the Hare is from 1318 AD, when its appearance to John Godwin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3094707", "chunk_text": "\"The First Easter Rabbit\"\nLily. In order to stop him, Stuffy must become the Easter Bunny, retrieve the Golden Lily, and save Easter. \"\"The First Easter Rabbit\"\" was first released on VHS by ABC Video Enterprises and Golden Book Video in 1986. The second release, by Warner Home Video, to VHS occurred in 1993, and a remastered \"\"Deluxe Edition\"\" was issued on DVD in 2010. The First Easter Rabbit The First Easter Rabbit is an animated Easter television special that premiered April 9, 1976 on NBC and later aired on CBS. Created by Rankin/Bass, it tells the story of the Easter Bunny's origin. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8442054", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\neggs red, the early Christians of Mesopotamia also stained Easter eggs green and yellow. Influential 19th century folklorist and philologist Jacob Grimm speculates, in the second volume of his \"\"Deutsche Mythologie\"\", that the folk custom of Easter eggs among the continental Germanic peoples may have stemmed from springtime festivities of a Germanic goddess known in Old English as Ēostre (namesake of modern English \"\"Easter\"\") and possibly known in Old High German as *\"\"Ostara\"\" (and thus namesake of Modern German \"\"Ostern\"\" 'Easter'): Although one of the Christian traditions are to use dyed or painted chicken eggs, a modern custom is to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4425146", "chunk_text": "\"Egg rolling\"\nEaster Bunny, were taken to the New World by European settlers. In the United Kingdom the tradition of rolling decorated eggs down grassy hills goes back hundreds of years and is known as \"\"pace-egging\"\", from the Old English \"\"Pasch\"\" meaning Pesach or Passover. In Lancashire there are annual egg rolling competitions at Holcombe Hill near Ramsbottom and Avenham Park in Preston. Egg rolling has been a tradition at Avenham Park for hundreds of years, but in recent years chocolate eggs have been used. Other traditional egg rolling sites are the castle moat at Penrith, Bunkers Hill in Derby, Arthur's Seat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9723920", "chunk_text": "\"European hare\"\nIn Europe, the hare has been a symbol of sex and fertility since at least Ancient Greece. The Greeks associated it with the gods Dionysus, Aphrodite and Artemis as well as with satyrs and cupids. The Christian Church connected the hare with lustfulness and homosexuality, but also associated it with the persecution of the church because of the way it was commonly hunted. In Northern Europe, Easter imagery often involves hares or rabbits. Citing folk Easter customs in Leicestershire, England, where \"\"the profits of the land called Harecrop Leys were applied to providing a meal which was thrown on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "161944", "chunk_text": "Rabbit\nas their nitrogen-rich manure and their high-protein milk. Production industries have developed domesticated rabbit breeds (such as the well-known Angora rabbit) to efficiently fill these needs. Rabbits are often used as a symbol of fertility or rebirth, and have long been associated with spring and Easter as the Easter Bunny. The species' role as a prey animal with few defenses evokes vulnerability and innocence, and in folklore and modern children's stories, rabbits often appear as sympathetic characters, able to connect easily with youth of all kinds (for example, the Velveteen Rabbit, or Thumper in Bambi). The rabbit often appears in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18113073", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Fire\"\nmunicipality of Rijssen-Holten holds the world record with an Easter fire that measured high. Most of these fires take place in the provinces of Drenthe, Groningen, and Gelderland, with the largest being in Twente, a part of Overijssel. In Fredericksburg, Texas, each year the residents have Easter Fires the night before Easter, commemorating a peace treaty with the Comanche Indians. In 1847 when the original treaty was signed, the Comanches lit signal fires on the area hills. One mother calmed her children's fears, telling them the smoke came from the Easter Bunny who was dyeing eggs. Easter Fire Easter fires", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7910813", "chunk_text": "\"Characters of Sluggy Freelance\"\nat the use of the second Deus Ex Ovum may be the result of time travel after leaving Timeless Space. The 18 April 2013 comic suggests that Bun-bun or one of his ancestors, or in any case a mini lop, was worshiped in some part of ancient Egypt as a god. Bun-bun has had a long-running war with Santa Claus, the exact nature of the origins of this feud being uncertain (even to Bun-bun, due to his clouded memories). During one of his escapades, Bun-bun accidentally slew the Easter Bunny, and assumed the role for a time. His distaste for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019108", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Yeggs\"\non the Easter Bunny, leaving the hapless hen-fruit handler hanging high up in a tree. Bugs' parting shot: \"\"Remember, Doc, keep smiling!\"\" (in reference to Mel Blanc's Happy Postman from the radio version of \"\"The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show\"\"). The cartoon irises out as Bugs starts laughing. Easter Yeggs Easter Yeggs is a \"\"Looney Tunes\"\" animated short originally released theatrically on June 28, 1947, featuring Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd. The title is a play on \"\"Easter eggs\"\" and on \"\"yegg\"\", a slang term for a burglar or safecracker. Bugs Bunny finds the Easter Bunny (also called the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11814356", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nbe explained in the symbolic terms described above, among followers of Eastern Christianity the legend says that Mary Magdalene was bringing cooked eggs to share with the other women at the tomb of Jesus, and the eggs in her basket miraculously turned bright red when she saw the risen Christ. A different, but not necessarily conflicting legend concerns Mary Magdalene's efforts to spread the Gospel. According to this tradition, after the Ascension of Jesus, Mary went to the Emperor of Rome and greeted him with \"\"Christ has risen,\"\" whereupon he pointed to an egg on his table and stated, \"\"Christ", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18627146", "chunk_text": "\"Fantastic Easter Special\"\ntrack down a man named Professor Teabag (spoof of Professor Teabing), who supposedly knows the secret of the Hare Club. Teabag lets them in his mansion and explains that Leonardo da Vinci was actually a member of the Hare Club and that Saint Peter was not a man, but a rabbit (Peter Rabbit), and reveals that da Vinci originally portrayed Saint Peter as a rabbit instead of as a man in his painting of the Last Supper. Teabag explains that Jesus knew that no human could speak for all Christianity without any acts of corruption, and that rabbits were pure,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20011210", "chunk_text": "\"Rabbits and hares in art\"\npursues the hare, the eagle can be seen as symbolizing Christ and the hare, uncleanliness and the evil's terror in the face of the light. In Christian iconography, the hare is an attribute of Saint Martin of Tours and Saint Alberto di Siena, because legend has it that both protected hares from persecution by dogs and hunters. They are also an attribute of the patron saint of Spanish hunters, Olegarius of Barcelona. White hares and rabbits were sometimes the symbols of chastity and purity. In non-religious art of the modern era, the rabbit appears in the same context as in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15760768", "chunk_text": "\"Pace Egg play\"\nPace Egg play The Pace Egg Plays are an Easter tradition in rural English culture in the tradition of the medieval mystery plays. The tradition was once widespread throughout England, but is now only practised in a few areas, particularly Lancashire and West Yorkshire. The name \"\"pace\"\" is derived from Latin \"\"pascha\"\" ('Easter') (c.f. the adjective \"\"paschal\"\"). The drama takes the form of mock combat between the hero and villain, in which the hero is killed and brought back to life, often by a quack doctor. In some the plays the figure of St George smites all challengers, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3095324", "chunk_text": "\"The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town\"\nhis eggs to all the townspeople, including King Bruce, who crowns him the Easter Bunny, Royal Knight of the Rainbow Eggs and he and Sunny initiate a traditional ritual of eating the eggs. However, Lily, disappointed in her nephew, chases Sunny out, outlaws eggs, and sends him to bed without supper. After Bruce tells Sunny that he knew his supper would be more beans, anyway, Sunny promises to bring him very special beans next Easter. The following year, Sunny, Hallelujah, and Herbert the Baker (Michael McGovern) make the first Easter jelly beans. However, upon their way to Town to deliver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13103977", "chunk_text": "Alsace\ninclude those of Fischer, Karlsbräu, Kronenbourg, and Heineken International. Hops are grown in Kochersberg and in northern Alsace. Schnapps is also traditionally made in Alsace, but it is in decline because home distillers are becoming less common and the consumption of traditional, strong, alcoholic beverages is decreasing. The stork is a main feature of Alsace and was the subject of many legends told to children. The bird practically disappeared around 1970, but re-population efforts are continuing. They are mostly found on roofs of houses, churches and other public buildings in Alsace. The Easter Bunny was first mentioned in Georg Franck", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12710757", "chunk_text": "Rabbit\npopular cartoon character. A rabbit's foot may be carried as an amulet, believed to bring protection and good luck. This belief is found in many parts of the world, with the earliest use being recorded in Europe c. 600 BC. On the Isle of Portland in Dorset, UK, the rabbit is said to be unlucky and even speaking the creature's name can cause upset among older island residents. This is thought to date back to early times in the local quarrying industry where (to save space) extracted stones that were not fit for sale were set side in what became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13704605", "chunk_text": "\"Bunny Yeager\"\nBunny Yeager Linnea Eleanor \"\"Bunny\"\" Yeager (March 13, 1929 – May 25, 2014) was an American photographer and pin-up model. Linnea Eleanor Yeager was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, to Raymond Conrad and Linnea (née Sherlin) Yeager on March 13, 1926. Her family moved to Florida in when she was 17. She adopted the nickname \"\"Bunny\"\" from Lana Turner's character Bunny Smith in the 1945 movie \"\"Week-End at the Waldorf\"\". The nickname has also been attributed to her portrayal of the Easter Bunny in a high school play. She graduated from Miami Edison High School and afterwards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6186252", "chunk_text": "\"Bugs Bunny's Easter Special\"\nBugs Bunny's Easter Special Bugs Bunny's Easter Special (also known as \"\"The Bugs Bunny Easter Special\"\" and \"\"Bugs Bunny's Easter Funnies\"\") is a \"\"Looney Tunes\"\" television special featuring a number of Warner Bros. cartoons. It originally debuted on the CBS network on April 7, 1977. The Easter bunny is ill, Granny needs to find a replacement for him and suggests Bugs Bunny. When she reaches the Warner Bros. lot, she finds to her disappointment that Bugs is tied up in filming \"\"Knighty Knight Bugs\"\" but offers to work out a solution after filming wraps up. Meanwhile, Daffy Duck, partially overhearing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11502669", "chunk_text": "Pysanka\nother hand, the number of pysanky has increased, the chains are tightened and good triumphs over evil for yet another year. Newer legends blended folklore and Christian beliefs and firmly attached the egg to the Easter celebration. One legend concerns the Virgin Mary. It tells of the time Mary gave eggs to the soldiers at the cross. She entreated them to be less cruel to her son and she wept. The tears of Mary fell upon the eggs, spotting them with dots of brilliant color. Another legend tells of when Mary Magdalene went to the sepulchre to anoint the body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2208231", "chunk_text": "\"Oswald the Lucky Rabbit\"\nOswald the Lucky Rabbit Oswald the Lucky Rabbit (also known as Oswald the Rabbit or Oswald Rabbit) is an anthropomorphic rabbit and animated cartoon character created by Walt Disney for cartoon animal films and distributed by Universal Studios in the 1920s and 1930s, serving as the Disney studio's first animated character to feature in their own series. A total of 27 animated Oswald one-reelers were produced at Walt Disney Animation Studios (the Walt Disney Studio at the time). In 1928, Charles Mintz took the rights of Oswald from Walt Disney and claimed Oswald as an official Universal Studios character. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10984337", "chunk_text": "Nimrod\ncharacters Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck, who both sarcastically refer to the hunter Elmer Fudd as \"\"nimrod\"\", as an ironic connection between \"\"mighty hunter\"\" and \"\"poor little Nimrod\"\", i.e. Fudd. Nimrod Nimrod (; , , \"\"an-Namrūd\"\"), a biblical figure described as a king in the land of Shinar (Assyria/Mesopotamia), was, according to the Book of Genesis and Books of Chronicles, the son of Cush, therefore the great-grandson of Noah. The Bible states that he was \"\"a mighty hunter before the Lord [and] ... began to be mighty in the earth\"\". Extra-biblical traditions associating him with the Tower of Babel led", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4969104", "chunk_text": "\"Golden Yeggs\"\n\"\"Yegg\"\" is a slang term for a burglar or safecracker. The same play-on-words was used in the title of the 1947 Bugs Bunny cartoon, \"\"Easter Yeggs\"\". This cartoon also appeared in the magazine Time Inc. (owned by Time Warner), which would later spun off on June 6, 2014. When Porky finds a golden egg in his henhouse, a goose reveals to the audience that he laid it. However, knowing full well what happened to the goose that laid the golden egg (a reference to Aesop's Fables), the goose tells Porky that Daffy is responsible. After reading about how much Daffy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20220274", "chunk_text": "\"Br'er Rabbit\"\nby Robert Roosevelt; years later Joel Chandler Harris included his version of the tale in his Uncle Remus stories. The Br'er Rabbit stories can be traced back to trickster figures in Africa, particularly the hare that figures prominently in the storytelling traditions in West, Central, and Southern Africa. These tales continue to be part of the traditional folklore of numerous peoples throughout those regions. In the Akan traditions of West Africa, the trickster is usually the spider Anansi, though the plots in his tales are often identical with those of stories of Br'er Rabbit. However, Anansi does encounter a tricky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9815647", "chunk_text": "\"Easter traditions\"\ncolored eggs and hollow chocolate shaped like eggs or rabbits. In both The Netherlands and Dutch-speaking Belgium many of more modern traditions exist alongside the Easter Bell story. The bells (\"\"\"\"de Paasklokken\"\"\"\") leave for Rome on Holy Saturday, called \"\"\"\"Stille Zaterdag\"\"\"\" (literally \"\"Silent Saturday\"\") in Dutch. In the northern and eastern parts of the Netherlands (Twente and Achterhoek), Easter Fires (in Dutch: \"\"Paasvuur\"\") are lit on Easter Day at sunset. In French-speaking Belgium and France the same story of Easter Bells (« \"\"les cloches de Pâques\"\" ») bringing eggs from Rome is told, but church bells are silent beginning Maundy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2426782", "chunk_text": "\"Salisbury Hare\"\nof Coyote as a hunter, originating from the New Mexico area. Welsh artist Barry Flanagan created a bronze dancing hare sculpture specifically based upon the legend. Salisbury Hare The Salisbury Hare is an English folk legend originating from the county of Wiltshire. The legend tells of a hare that dances during a full moon, and that anyone who sees the hare is said to have good fortune for the rest of his or her days. The Salisbury Hare folk legend is believed to have originated in pagan Anglo-Saxon England. Some sources contend that the legend dates from Celtic times, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "330097", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Yeggs\"\nhim. (The Easter Bunny characterization is taken from Mel Blanc's \"\"Happy Postman\"\" radio character, including the ironic catch phrase \"\"Keep Smiling!\"\") The first house the \"\"joyous bunny\"\" visits bears a name by the door: Dead End Kid, and the mean little red-haired kid who lives inside throws the egg at Bugs' face, bites him in the leg and beats Bugs up before body-slamming him on the floor - all the while demanding, \"\"I wanna Easter egg! I wanna Easter egg! I wanna Easter egg!\"\" Bugs loses his cool and grabs the kid's arm. Unfortunately, Dead End Kid screams that Bugs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18061237", "chunk_text": "\"Egg hunt\"\ngo to hunt for Jesus in the tomb. And when we find them it’s that joy that the women had when they reached the tomb first and found that Jesus was no longer there.\"\" Traditionally the game is associated with Easter and Easter eggs, but it has also been popular with spring time birthday parties. Egg hunts are a subject of the \"\"Guinness Book of World Records\"\"; Homer, Georgia, United States was listed in 1985 with 80,000 eggs to hunt in a town of 950 people. To enable children to take part in egg hunts despite visual impairment, eggs have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12125958", "chunk_text": "\"Paul Bunyan\"\nPaul Bunyan Paul Bunyan is a giant lumberjack in American folklore. His exploits revolve around the tall tales of his superhuman labors, and he is customarily accompanied by Babe the Blue Ox. The character originated in the oral tradition of North American loggers, and was later popularized by freelance writer William B. Laughead (1882–1958) in a 1916 promotional pamphlet for the Red River Lumber Company. He has been the subject of various literary compositions, musical pieces, commercial works, and theatrical productions. His likeness is displayed in several oversized statues across North America. There are many hypotheses about the etymology of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20220277", "chunk_text": "\"Br'er Rabbit\"\nin the Brer Rabbit Tar Baby story (e.g., rabbit needing to be taught a lesson, punches and head butting the rabbit does, the stuck rabbit being swung around and around) are reminiscent of those found in a Zimbabwe-Botswana folktale. Folklorists in the late 19th century first documented evidence that the American versions of the stories originated among enslaved West Africans based on connections between Br'er Rabbit and \"\"Leuk\"\", a rabbit trickster in Senegalese folklore. The stories of Br'er Rabbit were written down by Robert Roosevelt, an uncle of US President Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt wrote in his autobiography about his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18939740", "chunk_text": "Anansi\nchased his son home through the rain, he was reconciled to the loss, for, he says: \"\"What is the use of all that wisdom if a young child still needs to put you right?\"\" Anansi shares similarities with the trickster figure of Br'er Rabbit, who originated from the folklore of the Bantu-speaking peoples of south and central Africa. Enslaved Africans brought the Br'er Rabbit tales to the New World, which, like the Anansi stories, depict a physically small and vulnerable creature using his cunning intelligence to prevail over larger animals. However, although Br'er Rabbit stories are told in the Caribbean,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11450893", "chunk_text": "\"The Legend (roller coaster)\"\nThe Legend (roller coaster) The Legend is a wooden roller coaster at Holiday World & Splashin' Safari in Santa Claus, Indiana, United States. It was designed and built beginning in 1999 by Custom Coasters International, with the help of designers Dennis McNulty and Larry Bill; it opened on May 6, 2000. \"\"The Legend\"\" is themed after Washington Irving's short story \"\"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\"\" and mimics the frightful ride Ichabod Crane took as he was chased through the woods by the Headless Horseman. \"\"The Legend\"\" has been consistently ranked among the world's top twenty-five wooden roller coasters at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3237	which material is the heaviest in term of density?	n/a	[ "Osmium" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7483118", "chunk_text": "Density\ncalled specific weight. For a pure substance the density has the same numerical value as its mass concentration. Different materials usually have different densities, and density may be relevant to buoyancy, purity and packaging. Osmium and iridium are the densest known elements at standard conditions for temperature and pressure but certain chemical compounds may be denser. To simplify comparisons of density across different systems of units, it is sometimes replaced by the dimensionless quantity \"\"relative density\"\" or \"\"specific gravity\"\", i.e. the ratio of the density of the material to that of a standard material, usually water. Thus a relative density", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9256079", "chunk_text": "Metal\nelemental metals have higher densities than most nonmetals, there is a wide variation in their densities, lithium being the least dense (0.534 g/cm) and osmium (22.59 g/cm) the most dense. Magnesium, aluminium and titanium are light metals of significant commercial importance. Their respective densities of 1.7, 2.7 and 4.5 g/cm can be compared to those of the older structural metals, like iron at 7.9 and copper at 8.9 g/cm. An iron ball would thus weigh about as much as three aluminium balls. Metals are typically malleable and ductile, deforming under stress without cleaving. The nondirectional nature of metallic bonding is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6157564", "chunk_text": "Density\nDensity The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is \"\"ρ\"\" (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter \"\"D\"\" can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: where \"\"ρ\"\" is the density, \"\"m\"\" is the mass, and \"\"V\"\" is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its weight per unit volume, although this is scientifically inaccurate – this quantity is more specifically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7483130", "chunk_text": "Density\ng/cc ≈ 1.00224129 ounces per Imperial fluid ounce = 10.0224129 pounds per Imperial gallon. The density of precious metals could conceivably be based on Troy ounces and pounds, a possible cause of confusion. Density The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is \"\"ρ\"\" (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter \"\"D\"\" can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: where \"\"ρ\"\" is the density, \"\"m\"\" is the mass, and \"\"V\"\" is the volume. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16936350", "chunk_text": "Roentgenium\nin the face-centered cubic structure, due to its being expected to have different electron charge densities from them. It should be a very heavy metal with a density of around 28.7 g/cm; in comparison, the densest known element that has had its density measured, osmium, has a density of only 22.61 g/cm. This results from roentgenium's high atomic weight, the lanthanide and actinide contractions, and relativistic effects, although production of enough roentgenium to measure this quantity would be impractical, and the sample would quickly decay. The stable group 11 elements, copper, silver, and gold, all have an outer electron configuration", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20132152", "chunk_text": "\"Acoustic metamaterial\"\nis defined in relation to the pressure increase needed to cause a given relative decrease in volume. The mass density (or just \"\"density\"\") of a material is defined as mass per unit volume and is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm). In all three classic states of matter—gas, liquid, or solid—the density varies with a change in temperature or pressure, and gases are the most susceptible to those changes. The spectrum of densities is wide-ranging: from 10 g/cm for neutron stars, 1.00 g/cm for water to 1.2×10 g/cm for air. Also relevant here are area density which is mass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9636420", "chunk_text": "Bohrium\nIt should be a very heavy metal with a density of around 37.1 g/cm, which would be the third-highest of any of the 118 known elements, lower than only meitnerium (37.4 g/cm) and hassium (41 g/cm), the two following elements in the periodic table. In comparison, the densest known element that has had its density measured, osmium, has a density of only 22.61 g/cm. This results from bohrium's high atomic weight, the lanthanide and actinide contractions, and relativistic effects, although production of enough bohrium to measure this quantity would be impractical, and the sample would quickly decay. The atomic radius", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12750380", "chunk_text": "Seaborgium\nof any of the 118 known elements, lower only than bohrium (37.1 g/cm), meitnerium (37.4 g/cm) and hassium (41 g/cm), the three following elements in the periodic table. In comparison, the densest known element that has had its density measured, osmium, has a density of only 22.61 g/cm. This results from seaborgium's high atomic weight, the lanthanide and actinide contractions, and relativistic effects, although production of enough seaborgium to measure this quantity would be impractical, and the sample would quickly decay. Seaborgium is the fourth member of the 6d series of transition metals and the heaviest member of group 6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1585908", "chunk_text": "Density\na hydrometer (a buoyancy method for liquids), Hydrostatic balance (a buoyancy method for liquids and solids), immersed body method (a buoyancy method for liquids), pycnometer (liquids and solids), air comparison pycnometer (solids), oscillating densitometer (liquids), as well as pour and tap (solids). However, each individual method or technique measures different types of density (e.g. bulk density, skeletal density, etc.), and therefore it is necessary to have an understanding of the type of density being measured as well as the type of material in question. The density at all points of a homogeneous object equals its total mass divided by its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "290273", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum density\"\nMaximum density The maximum density of a substance is the highest attainable density of the substance under given conditions. Almost all known substances undergo thermal expansion in response to heating, meaning that a given mass of substance contracts to a low volume at low temperatures, when little thermal energy is present. Substances, especially fluids in which intermolecular forces are weak, also undergo compression upon the application of pressure. Nearly all substances therefore reach a density maximum at very low temperatures and very high pressures, characteristic properties of the solid state of matter. An especially notable irregular maximum density is that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7439100", "chunk_text": "\"Ultralight material\"\nUltralight material Ultralight materials are solids with a density of less than 10 mg/cm, including silica aerogels, carbon nanotube aerogels, aerographite, metallic foams, polymeric foams, and metallic microlattices. The density of air is about 1.275 mg/cm, which means that the air in the pores contributes significantly to the density of these materials in atmospheric conditions. They can be classified by production method as aerogels, stochastic foams, and structured cellular materials. Ultralight materials are solids with a density of less than 10 mg/cm. Ultralight material is defined by its cellular arrangement and its stiffness and strength that make up its solid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256876", "chunk_text": "\"Lighter than air\"\nflammable and its use as a lifting gas in dirigibles has decreased since the Hindenburg disaster. Helium is safer as a lifting gas because it is inert and does not undergo combustion. Nitrogen gas (density 1.251 g/L at STP, average atomic mass 28.00 g/mol) is about 3% lighter than air, insufficient for common use as a lifting gas. In 2002, aerogel held the Guinness World Record for the least dense (lightest) solid. Aerogel is mostly air because its structure is like that of a highly vacuous sponge. The lightness and low density is due primarily to the large proportion of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10346143", "chunk_text": "\"Alkali metal\"\nradii; if figures for these two factors are known, the ratios between the densities of the alkali metals can then be calculated. The resultant trend is that the densities of the alkali metals increase down the table, with an exception at potassium. Due to having the lowest atomic weight and the largest atomic radius of all the elements in their periods, the alkali metals are the least dense metals in the periodic table. Lithium, sodium, and potassium are the only three metals in the periodic table that are less dense than water: in fact, lithium is the least dense known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20009994", "chunk_text": "\"Heavy mineral\"\nHeavy mineral In geology, a heavy mineral is one with a density that is greater than 2.9 g/cm, most commonly referring to dense components of siliciclastic sediments. A heavy mineral suite is the relative percentages of heavy minerals in a stone. Heavy mineral suites are used to help determine the provenance and history of sedimentary rocks. As heavy minerals are a minor constituent of most sedimentary rock, they must be separated out to be studied. Heavy mineral separation generally uses a dense liquid in either a separatory funnel or centrifuge. Liquids used include bromoform, tetrabromoethane, tribromoethane, methylene iodide, and polytungstate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4039101", "chunk_text": "Density\ndetermined by calculating the density of a small volume around that location. In the limit of an infinitesimal volume the density of an inhomogeneous object at a point becomes: formula_2, where formula_3 is an elementary volume at position formula_4. The mass of the body then can be expressed as In practice, bulk materials such as sugar, sand, or snow contain voids. Many materials exist in nature as flakes, pellets, or granules. Voids are regions which contain something other than the considered material. Commonly the void is air, but it could also be vacuum, liquid, solid, or a different gas or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19421566", "chunk_text": "\"Heavy metals\"\nlist and (unless otherwise stated) guide the remainder of the article. Metalloids meeting the applicable criteria–arsenic and antimony for example—are sometimes counted as heavy metals, particularly in environmental chemistry, as is the case here. Selenium (density 4.8 g/cm) is also included in the list. It falls marginally short of the density criterion and is less commonly recognised as a metalloid but has a waterborne chemistry similar in some respects to that of arsenic and antimony. Other metals sometimes classified or treated as \"\"heavy\"\" metals, such as beryllium (density 1.8 g/cm), aluminium (2.7 g/cm), calcium (1.55 g/cm), and barium (3.6 g/cm)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14666797", "chunk_text": "\"Heavy liquid\"\nHeavy liquid A heavy liquid is a solution or liquid chemical substance with a high density and a relatively low viscosity. Heavy liquids are often used for determination of density in mineralogy, for density gradient centrifugation and for separating mixtures. Common applications of heavy liquids include: The classical heavy liquids like 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane (\"\"Muthmanns solution\"\"), potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) (\"\"Thoulets solution\"\"), bromoform or diiodomethane which are used in mineralogy are very toxic. These toxic chemicals are avoided today in consideration of the fact that there are alternative water based, non-toxic heavy liquids like sodium polytungstate solutions. With this relatively new heavy liquid densities", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "853270", "chunk_text": "\"Carbon steel\"\nso low-carbon steels are the best choice, for example as structural steel. The density of mild steel is approximately 7.85 g/cm (7850 kg/m or 0.284 lb/in) and the Young's modulus is . Low-carbon steels suffer from \"\"yield-point runout\"\" where the material has two yield points. The first yield point (or upper yield point) is higher than the second and the yield drops dramatically after the upper yield point. If a low-carbon steel is only stressed to some point between the upper and lower yield point then the surface develops Lüder bands. Low-carbon steels contain less carbon than other steels and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10908018", "chunk_text": "\"Heavy metals\"\nagreed criterion-based definition of a heavy metal. Different meanings may be attached to the term, depending on the context. In metallurgy, for example, a heavy metal may be defined on the basis of density, whereas in physics the distinguishing criterion might be atomic number, and a chemist would likely be more concerned with chemical behaviour. Density criteria range from above 3.5 g/cm to above 7 g/cm. Atomic weight definitions can range from greater than sodium (atomic weight 22.98); greater than 40 (excluding s- and f-block metals, hence starting with scandium); or more than 200, i.e. from mercury onwards. Atomic numbers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11214357", "chunk_text": "Iridium\nlow figure for Poisson's ratio (the relationship of longitudinal to lateral strain), indicate the high degree of stiffness and resistance to deformation that have rendered its fabrication into useful components a matter of great difficulty. Despite these limitations and iridium's high cost, a number of applications have developed where mechanical strength is an essential factor in some of the extremely severe conditions encountered in modern technology. The measured density of iridium is only slightly lower (by about 0.12%) than that of osmium, the densest metal known. Some ambiguity occurred regarding which of the two elements was denser, due to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6279330", "chunk_text": "Wood\nyielded it. The density of wood varies with species. The density of a wood correlates with its strength (mechanical properties). For example, mahogany is a medium-dense hardwood that is excellent for fine furniture crafting, whereas balsa is light, making it useful for model building. One of the densest woods is black ironwood. The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in small quantity.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14666798", "chunk_text": "\"Heavy liquid\"\nup to 3.1 g·cm can be adjusted . Adding parts of pulverulent Tungsten carbide increases the density to 4.6 g·cm. Heavy liquid A heavy liquid is a solution or liquid chemical substance with a high density and a relatively low viscosity. Heavy liquids are often used for determination of density in mineralogy, for density gradient centrifugation and for separating mixtures. Common applications of heavy liquids include: The classical heavy liquids like 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane (\"\"Muthmanns solution\"\"), potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) (\"\"Thoulets solution\"\"), bromoform or diiodomethane which are used in mineralogy are very toxic. These toxic chemicals are avoided today in consideration of the fact", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11256877", "chunk_text": "\"Lighter than air\"\nair within the solid and not the silicon construction materials. Taking advantage of this, SEAgel, in the same family as aerogel but made from agar, can be filled with helium gas to create a solid which floats when placed in an open top container filled with a dense gas. In 2012, discovery of aerographite was announced, breaking the record for the least dense material at only 0.2 mg/cm (0.2 kg/m). These solids do not float in air because the hollow spaces in them become filled with air. No lighter-than-air matrix or shell containing a hard vacuum has ever been constructed.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12594759", "chunk_text": "Metal\nheavier elements such as thorium and uranium. Metals condense in planets as a result of stellar evolution and destruction processes. Stars lose much of their mass when it is ejected late in their lifetimes, and sometimes thereafter as a result of a neutron star merger, thereby increasing the abundance of elements heavier than helium in the interstellar medium. When gravitational attraction causes this matter to coalesce and collapse new stars and planets are formed. The Earth's crust is made of approximately 25% of metals by weight, of which 80% are light metals such as sodium, magnesium, and aluminium. Nonmetals (~75%)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5889144", "chunk_text": "\"Electrical resistivity and conductivity\"\nlighter for the same conductance. Silver, although it is the least resistive metal known, has a high density and performs similarly to copper by this measure, but is much more expensive. Calcium and the alkali metals have the best resistivity-density products, but are rarely used for conductors due to their high reactivity with water and oxygen (and lack of physical strength). Aluminium is far more stable. Two other important attributes, price and toxicity, exclude the (otherwise) best choice: beryllium. (Pure beryllium is also brittle.) Thus, aluminium is usually the metal of choice when the weight or cost of a conductor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16142525", "chunk_text": "\"Maximum density\"\nof water, which reaches a density peak at . This has important ramifications in Earth's ecosystem. Maximum density The maximum density of a substance is the highest attainable density of the substance under given conditions. Almost all known substances undergo thermal expansion in response to heating, meaning that a given mass of substance contracts to a low volume at low temperatures, when little thermal energy is present. Substances, especially fluids in which intermolecular forces are weak, also undergo compression upon the application of pressure. Nearly all substances therefore reach a density maximum at very low temperatures and very high pressures,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3313179", "chunk_text": "Lithium\nbe cut with a knife. When cut, it possesses a silvery-white color that quickly changes to gray as it oxidizes to lithium oxide. While it has one of the lowest melting points among all metals (180 °C), it has the highest melting and boiling points of the alkali metals. Lithium has a very low density (0.534 g/cm), comparable with pine wood. It is the least dense of all elements that are solids at room temperature; the next lightest solid element (potassium, at 0.862 g/cm) is more than 60% denser. Furthermore, apart from helium and hydrogen, it is less dense than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13018496", "chunk_text": "\"Bulk density\"\nBulk density Bulk density is a property of powders, granules, and other \"\"divided\"\" solids, especially used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel), chemical substances, (pharmaceutical) ingredients, foodstuff, or any other masses of corpuscular or particulate matter. It is defined as the mass of many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy. The total volume includes particle volume, inter-particle void volume, and internal pore volume. Bulk density is not an intrinsic property of a material; it can change depending on how the material is handled. For example, a powder poured into a cylinder will have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8206836", "chunk_text": "\"Metallic microlattice\"\nthe mass of the interstitial air, the true density of the structure is approximately 2.1 mg/cm (2.1 kg/m), which is only about 1.76 times the density of air itself at 25 °C. The material is described as being 100 times lighter than Styrofoam. Metallic microlattices are characterized by very low densities, with the 2011 record of 0.9 mg/cm being among the lowest values of any known solid. The previous record of 1.0 mg/cm was held by silica aerogels, and aerographite is claimed to have a density of 0.2 mg/cm. Mechanically, these microlattices are behaviorally similar to elastomers and almost completely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10456487", "chunk_text": "Density\nThis causes it to rise relative to more dense unheated material. The reciprocal of the density of a substance is occasionally called its specific volume, a term sometimes used in thermodynamics. Density is an intensive property in that increasing the amount of a substance does not increase its density; rather it increases its mass. In a well-known but probably apocryphal tale, Archimedes was given the task of determining whether King Hiero's goldsmith was embezzling gold during the manufacture of a golden wreath dedicated to the gods and replacing it with another, cheaper alloy. Archimedes knew that the irregularly shaped wreath", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16286329", "chunk_text": "Hardboard\nHardboard Hardboard, also called high-density fiberboard (HDF), is a type of fiberboard, which is an engineered wood product. It is similar to particle board and medium-density fiberboard, but is denser and much stronger and harder because it is made out of exploded wood fibers that have been highly compressed. Consequently, the density of hardboard is 31 lbs or more per cubic foot (500 kg/m³) and is usually about 50-65 lbs per cubic foot (800–1040 kg/m³). It differs from particle board in that the bonding of the wood fibers requires no additional materials, although resin is often added. Unlike particle board,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4039102", "chunk_text": "Density\ngaseous mixture. The bulk volume of a material—inclusive of the void fraction—is often obtained by a simple measurement (e.g. with a calibrated measuring cup) or geometrically from known dimensions. Mass divided by \"\"bulk\"\" volume determines bulk density. This is not the same thing as volumetric mass density. To determine volumetric mass density, one must first discount the volume of the void fraction. Sometimes this can be determined by geometrical reasoning. For the close-packing of equal spheres the non-void fraction can be at most about 74%. It can also be determined empirically. Some bulk materials, however, such as sand, have a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1444230", "chunk_text": "\"Heavy metals\"\nHeavy metals Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers. The criteria used, and whether metalloids are included, vary depending on the author and context. In metallurgy, for example, a heavy metal may be defined on the basis of density, whereas in physics the distinguishing criterion might be atomic number, while a chemist would likely be more concerned with chemical behaviour. More specific definitions have been published, but none of these have been widely accepted. The definitions surveyed in this article encompass up to 96 out of the 118 known chemical elements;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20312211", "chunk_text": "\"Heavy mineral\"\nliquids. Heavy mineral In geology, a heavy mineral is one with a density that is greater than 2.9 g/cm, most commonly referring to dense components of siliciclastic sediments. A heavy mineral suite is the relative percentages of heavy minerals in a stone. Heavy mineral suites are used to help determine the provenance and history of sedimentary rocks. As heavy minerals are a minor constituent of most sedimentary rock, they must be separated out to be studied. Heavy mineral separation generally uses a dense liquid in either a separatory funnel or centrifuge. Liquids used include bromoform, tetrabromoethane, tribromoethane, methylene iodide, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2891433", "chunk_text": "Sial\nconfirmed by petrographic, gravimetric, and seismic evidence. Sial has a lower density (2700–2800 kg/m) than sima, which is primarily due to increased amounts of aluminium, and decreased amounts of iron and magnesium. The base of the sial is not a strict boundary, the sial grades into the denser rocks of the sima. The Conrad discontinuity has been proposed as the boundary, but little is known about it, and it doesn't seem to match the point of geochemical change. Instead, the boundary has been arbitrarily set at a mean density of 2800 kg/m. Because of the large pressures, over geologic time,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4843794", "chunk_text": "\"Soil mechanics\"\n(formula_16). Specific gravity of solids, formula_17 Note that specific weight, conventionally denoted by the symbol formula_18 may be obtained by multiplying the density ( formula_19 ) of a material by the acceleration due to gravity, formula_20. Density, Bulk Density, or Wet Density, formula_19, are different names for the density of the mixture, i.e., the total mass of air, water, solids divided by the total volume of air water and solids (the mass of air is assumed to be zero for practical purposes): Dry Density, formula_23, is the mass of solids divided by the total volume of air water and solids:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9670452", "chunk_text": "Density\ntotal volume. The mass is normally measured with a scale or balance; the volume may be measured directly (from the geometry of the object) or by the displacement of a fluid. To determine the density of a liquid or a gas, a hydrometer, a dasymeter or a Coriolis flow meter may be used, respectively. Similarly, hydrostatic weighing uses the displacement of water due to a submerged object to determine the density of the object. If the body is not homogeneous, then its density varies between different regions of the object. In that case the density around any given location is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10456497", "chunk_text": "Density\nthe two voids materials is reliably known. In general, density can be changed by changing either the pressure or the temperature. Increasing the pressure always increases the density of a material. Increasing the temperature generally decreases the density, but there are notable exceptions to this generalization. For example, the density of water increases between its melting point at 0 °C and 4 °C; similar behavior is observed in silicon at low temperatures. The effect of pressure and temperature on the densities of liquids and solids is small. The compressibility for a typical liquid or solid is 10 bar (1 bar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8523625", "chunk_text": "\"Superhard material\"\nscales have been developed. Whereas the Vickers scale is widely accepted as a most common test, there remain controversies on the weight load to be applied during the test. Bulk moduli, shear moduli, and elasticity are the key factors in the superhard classification process. The incompressibility of a material is quantified by the bulk modulus B, which measures the resistance of a solid to volume compression under hydrostatic stress as B = −Vdp/dV. Here V is the volume, p is pressure, and dp/dV is the partial derivative of pressure with respect to the volume. The bulk modulus test uses an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2896645", "chunk_text": "Aerographite\nAerographite Aerographite is a synthetic foam consisting of a porous interconnected network of tubular carbon. With a density of 180 g/m it is one of the lightest structural materials ever created. It was developed jointly by a team of researchers at the University of Kiel and the Technical University of Hamburg in Germany, and was first reported in a scientific journal in June 2012. Aerographite is a black freestanding material that can be produced in various shapes occupying a volume of up to several cubic centimeters. It consists of a seamless interconnected network of carbon tubes that have micron-scale diameters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10908015", "chunk_text": "\"Heavy metals\"\nonly mercury, lead and bismuth meet all of them. Despite this lack of agreement, the term (plural or singular) is widely used in science. A density of more than 5 g/cm is sometimes quoted as a commonly used criterion and is used in the body of this article. The earliest known metals—common metals such as iron, copper, and tin, and precious metals such as silver, gold, and platinum—are heavy metals. From 1809 onwards, light metals, such as magnesium, aluminium, and titanium, were discovered, as well as less well-known heavy metals including gallium, thallium, and hafnium. Some heavy metals are either", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6540147", "chunk_text": "Geophysics\nsurface (), implying that the deeper material is denser. This is also implied by its low moment of inertia (, compared to for a sphere of constant density). However, some of the density increase is compression under the enormous pressures inside the Earth. The effect of pressure can be calculated using the Adams–Williamson equation. The conclusion is that pressure alone cannot account for the increase in density. Instead, we know that the Earth's core is composed of an alloy of iron and other minerals. Reconstructions of seismic waves in the deep interior of the Earth show that there are no", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16094601", "chunk_text": "\"Relative density\"\nthe reference. (By convention \"\"ρ\"\", the Greek letter rho, denotes density.) The reference material can be indicated using subscripts: \"\"RD\"\", which means \"\"the relative density of \"\"substance\"\" with respect to \"\"reference\"\"\"\". If the reference is not explicitly stated then it is normally assumed to be water at 4 °C (or, more precisely, 3.98 °C, which is the temperature at which water reaches its maximum density). In SI units, the density of water is (approximately) 1000 kg/m or 1 g/cm, which makes relative density calculations particularly convenient: the density of the object only needs to be divided by 1000 or 1,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3909759", "chunk_text": "Atom\n(see below). The heaviest stable atom is lead-208, with a mass of . As even the most massive atoms are far too light to work with directly, chemists instead use the unit of moles. One mole of atoms of any element always has the same number of atoms (about ). This number was chosen so that if an element has an atomic mass of 1 u, a mole of atoms of that element has a mass close to one gram. Because of the definition of the unified atomic mass unit, each carbon-12 atom has an atomic mass of exactly 12", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3191846", "chunk_text": "\"Dyson sphere\"\nin the form of a working light sail. The lightest carbon-fiber light-sail material currently produced has a density—without payload—of 3 g/m, or about four times as heavy as would be needed to construct a solar statite. A single sheet of graphene, the two-dimensional form of carbon, has a density of only 0.37 mg per square meter, making such a single sheet of graphene possibly effective as a solar sail. However, as of 2015 graphene has not been fabricated in large sheets, and it has a relatively high rate of radiation absorption, about 2.3% (i.e., still about 97.7% will be transmitted).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4039098", "chunk_text": "Density\nper cubic metre (kg/m) and the cgs unit of gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm) are probably the most commonly used units for density. One g/cm is equal to one thousand kg/m. One cubic centimetre (abbreviation cc) is equal to one millilitre. In industry, other larger or smaller units of mass and or volume are often more practical and US customary units may be used. See below for a list of some of the most common units of density. A number of techniques as well as standards exist for the measurement of density of materials. Such techniques include the use of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5871564", "chunk_text": "\"Energy density\"\nrate of mass to energy in the form of Hawking radiation. In the case of relatively small black holes (smaller than astronomical objects) the power output would be tremendous. The highest density sources of energy aside from antimatter are fusion and fission. Fusion includes energy from the sun which will be available for billions of years (in the form of sunlight) but so far (2018), sustained fusion power production continues to be elusive. Power from fission of uranium and thorium in nuclear power plants will be available for many decades or even centuries because of the plentiful supply of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9435496", "chunk_text": "\"Particle density (packed density)\"\nParticle density (packed density) The particle density or true density of a particulate solid or powder, is the density of the particles that make up the powder, in contrast to the bulk density, which measures the average density of a large volume of the powder in a specific medium (usually air). The particle density is a relatively well-defined quantity, as it is not dependent on the degree of compaction of the solid, whereas the bulk density has different values depending on whether it is measured in the freely settled or compacted state (tap density). However, a variety of definitions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17139683", "chunk_text": "\"Specific weight\"\nSpecific weight The specific weight (also known as the unit weight) is the weight per unit volume of a material. The symbol of specific weight is γ (the Greek letter Gamma). A commonly used value is the specific weight of water on Earth at 4°C which is 9.807 kN/m or 62.43 lbf/ft. The terms \"\"specific gravity\"\", and less often \"\"specific weight\"\", are also used for relative density. where Unlike density, specific weight is not absolute. It depends upon the value of the gravitational acceleration, which varies with location. A significant influence upon the value of specific gravity is the temperature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13287976", "chunk_text": "Osmium\nOsmium has a blue-gray tint and is the densest stable element, approximately twice the density of lead and slightly denser than iridium. Calculations of density from the X-ray diffraction data may produce the most reliable data for these elements, giving a value of for iridium versus for osmium. Osmium is a hard but brittle metal that remains lustrous even at high temperatures. It has a very low compressibility. Correspondingly, its bulk modulus is extremely high, reported between and , which rivals that of diamond (). The hardness of osmium is moderately high at . Because of its hardness, brittleness, low", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3238	when does star trek discovery air on tv?	n/a	[ "September 19, 2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760178", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nfirst season, while Berg and Harberts were fired by CBS during production on the second; Kurtzman took over as sole showrunner. \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS and CBS All Access on September 24. The rest of the 15-episode first season was streamed weekly on All Access. The series' release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin-Green's performance. A 14-episode second season was ordered in October 2017, and is set to premiere on January 17, 2019. Set roughly ten years before the events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236840", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nchoice of directors, to set design, to the special effects.\"\" Ted Sullivan also joined the series to serve as supervising writing producer. At CBS's 2017 upfront presentation, CBS Interactive president Marc DeBevoise confirmed a \"\"fall\"\" release date for the series, and announced that the episode order for the first season had been expanded to 15 episodes. In June, CBS announced a new premiere date of September 24, 2017, with the season airing through November 2017, and then beginning again in January 2018. This break gave more time to complete post-production on the second half of the season. Also that month,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699734", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nthe PaleyFest television festival and at New York Comic Con. \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" premiered at the ArcLight Hollywood on September 19, 2017. The first episode aired in a \"\"preview broadcast\"\" on CBS in the United States on September 24, and was made available with the second episode on CBS All Access. Subsequent first-run episodes, making up the first chapter of the season, were streamed weekly on All Access through November 5. The second chapter streamed from January 7 to February 11, 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15873713", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nwas announced in November 2015, and Bryan Fuller joined as showrunner the next February. After disagreements with CBS over the direction of the show, and struggles with other commitments, Fuller left the series; Berg and Harberts took over day-to-day production using a mythology and broad story arc established by Fuller. The Klingon species was redesigned for the season, and its culture and biology was greatly developed. The season premiered on September 19, 2017, at ArcLight Hollywood, before debuting on CBS on September 24. The premiere episode was also made available on CBS All Access, where the rest of the 15-episode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153467", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nthrough November 12. The second chapter began streaming in January 2018. CBS Studios International licensed the series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel Space before being streamed on Crave; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z. Subsequent episodes will be released through Space, Z, and Crave, with Space airing each episode 30 minutes before it's streamed on All Access. In the other countries, Netflix will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20203150", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nbeginning with \"\"The Next Generation\"\" in 1987. \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" is a direct prequel to \"\"\"\", set roughly ten years beforehand. It premiered September 24, 2017 in the United States and Canada on CBS before moving to CBS All Access, while Netflix streams the show outside the United States and is also providing most of the show's funding. The show centers on the voyages of the \"\"Discovery\"\", commanded by Captain Gabriel Lorca (played by Jason Isaacs), and Lieutenant Commander Michael Burnham (played by Sonequa Martin-Green), with Burnham being the lead character of the series. This marks the first \"\"Star Trek\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153409", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nof \"\"\"\", the show sees the united Klingon houses in a war with the United Federation of Planets that involves the crew of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\". On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new \"\"Star Trek\"\" television series to premiere in January 2017, \"\"on the heels\"\" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016. It is the first \"\"Star Trek\"\" series since \"\"\"\" concluded in 2005, and the first show to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access on demand service. Alex Kurtzman, co-writer of the films \"\"Star Trek\"\" and \"\"Star Trek Into Darkness\"\", and Heather Kadin were set as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699735", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\n188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was broadcast on September 24, 2017, on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channels Space (English) and Z (French) before being streamed on CraveTV, with subsequent episodes just broadcast or streamed through Space, Z, and CraveTV. In the other countries, Netflix will release each episode of the series for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut. This agreement also saw Bell and Netflix acquire all previous \"\"Star Trek\"\" series to stream in their entirety. After reviewing the episode \"\"Choose Your Pain\"\", Space chose to air it uncensored despite its use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760230", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nto quality and dedication to fans\"\". The deal will also see the company \"\"create merchandise from the entire \"\"Star Trek\"\" universe, ranging from the classic \"\"Star Trek: The Original Series\"\" to its popular movie franchise.\"\" The first merchandise produced under the deal are set for release in mid-2018. The first episode of \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" aired in a \"\"preview broadcast\"\" on CBS in the United States on September 24, as well as being made available with the second episode on CBS All Access. Subsequent first-run episodes, making up the first chapter of the season, were streamed weekly on All Access", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465842", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nshowrunner Bryan Fuller had intended for \"\"Discovery\"\" to be an anthology series that told different stories each season. CBS did not agree, but a hybrid approach was eventually used, following the same characters but telling different stories each season. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, and filming began in April 2018. Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts, the first season's showrunners, returned for the second but were fired during production; co-creator Kurtzman replaced them. The season is set to premiere on January 17, 2019 on CBS All Access and will consist of 14 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Jonathan Frakes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699659", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\npremiere in January 2017, \"\"on the heels\"\" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016, to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access on demand service. In February 2016, Bryan Fuller, who began his career writing for the series \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", was announced as the new series' showrunner. Fuller had publicly called for \"\"Star Trek\"\" to return to television for years, and when he first met with CBS about the series, the company did not have a plan for what the new show would be. He proposed an anthology series with each season being a standalone, serialized show set", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15873873", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nfirst season. Russo generally works directly with the showrunners rather than any of the episodic directors, but discussed his score for the season's second episode with director Jonathan Frakes. The season was promoted at San Diego Comic-Con in July 2018, with Notaro moderating a panel that featured Kurtzman, Martin-Green, Jones, Latif, Wiseman, Rapp, Cruz, Chieffo, Mount, and executive producer Heather Kadin. The first trailer for the season debuted at the panel before being released online. The season is set to premiere on January 17, 2019 on CBS All Access in the United States. Bell Media broadcasts the series in Canada", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236843", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nexpected to draw. After the series' premiere, Kurtzman said that the producers wanted to avoid announcing release dates and having to delay those for any future seasons, due to the external pressure that caused with the first season, but that he hoped a second season would be available in early 2019. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, for 13 episodes. Goldsman did not return for the season after clashing with the series' writing staff during production on the first, and in June 2018, when production on the second season was underway, CBS fired Berg and Harberts. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19864917", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nlaunch and draw subscribers to its streaming service CBS All Access. The premiered in September 24, 2017 and has been renewed for a second season set to premiere January 2019. A second CBS All-Access series is under development featuring Patrick Stewart reprising his role as Jean-Luc Picard. Seven television series make up the bulk of the \"\"Star Trek\"\" mythos: \"\"The Original Series\"\", \"\"The Animated Series\"\", \"\"The Next Generation\"\", \"\"Deep Space Nine\"\", \"\"Voyager\"\", \"\"Enterprise\"\", and \"\"Discovery\"\". All the different versions in total amount to 741 \"\"Star Trek\"\" episodes across the 31 seasons of the TV series. \"\"Star Trek: The Original Series\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699658", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nseason streamed weekly until February 11, 2018. The season's release led to record subscriptions for All Access, and positive reviews from critics who highlighted Martin-Green's performance, the series' production value, and its new additions to \"\"Star Trek\"\" canon. A was ordered in October 2017. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In March 2018, a \"\"secret scene\"\" was released depicting an alternative ending to the season finale. It features Mirror Georgiou being approached by an operative of Section 31, a storyline that is further explored in the second season of the series. On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new \"\"Star Trek\"\" television series to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153406", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nStar Trek: Discovery Star Trek: Discovery is an American television series created for CBS All Access by Bryan Fuller and Alex Kurtzman. It is the first series developed specifically for that service, and the first \"\"Star Trek\"\" series since \"\"\"\" concluded in 2005. Set roughly a decade before the events of and separate from the timeline of the concurrently produced feature films, \"\"Discovery\"\" explores the Federation–Klingon war while following the crew of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\". Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, a science specialist on the USS \"\"Discovery\"\". Doug Jones, Shazad Latif, Anthony Rapp, and Mary Wiseman also star. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153470", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nSonequa Martin-Green.\"\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100 based on 20 critics, indicating \"\"generally favorable reviews\"\". In June 2018, after becoming sole showrunner of \"\"Discovery\"\", Kurtzman signed a five-year overall deal with CBS Television Studios to expand the \"\"Star Trek\"\" franchise beyond \"\"Discovery\"\" to several new series, miniseries, and animated series. Kurtzman announced in July 2018 that a spin-off miniseries of shorts would be released between the first two seasons of \"\"Discovery\"\" to \"\"deliver closed-ended stories while revealing clues about what's to come in future \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" episodes. They'll also introduce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465851", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nas a director and co-executive producer during the first season, became a full executive producer as well and was set as producing director for the rest of the season's production. Additionally, Jenny Lumet, who joined as a consulting producer at the beginning of the season, was promoted to co-executive producer. In July, the season was confirmed to premiere in January 2019. The series' writers began work on the second season in December 2017, and were considering \"\"science vs. faith\"\" as the main theme of the season. Harberts said that, unlike the first season, the second would not be a \"\"war", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760227", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nRusso was announced as composer for the series. Russo recorded the series' score with a 60-piece orchestra. The show's main theme incorporates elements from the original \"\"Star Trek\"\" theme. Russo noted that not all fans were going to appreciate the new theme, but felt that regardless of how some felt it compared to previous \"\"Star Trek\"\" themes it still accurately represented this series. Soundtrack albums for two chapters of were released on December 15, 2017, and April 6, 2018, respectively. The first full trailer for the series was released in May 2017. \"\"Forbes\"\"s Merrill Barr noted that the trailer was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15873851", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\ndirected the tenth episode. On November 2, 2015, CBS announced a new \"\"Star Trek\"\" television series to premiere in January 2017, \"\"on the heels\"\" of the ' 50th anniversary in 2016. In February 2016, Bryan Fuller, who began his career writing for the series \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", was announced as the new series' showrunner. CBS did not have a plan for what the new show would be when Fuller joined, and he proposed an anthology series with each season being a standalone, serialized show set in a different era, beginning with a prequel to the original series. CBS told Fuller", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699736", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nof the word \"\"fuck\"\" and depictions of violence. The Canadian Broadcast Standards Council received an official complaint about this given the channel aired the episode before 9pm, after which series intended for adult audiences should be shown according to the Canadian Association of Broadcasters' \"\"Code of Ethics and Violence Code\"\". The Council found Space to have breached these regulations in not censoring the episode, and required the channel to air an announcement stating as such twice during the week following April 19, 2018. At the time, Bell Media accepted the decision and agreed to comply with the ruling, but did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236844", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nwas due to the first episode of the season going significantly over budget, and alleged abusive behavior by the pair directed at the series' writing staff. Kurtzman was made sole showrunner, and was set to \"\"regroup\"\" the writers without causing any delay to the season's production timeline. The season was subsequently confirmed to be on track for a January 2019 premiere. The series' writers are based in Los Angeles, and include \"\"fans who all have very different relationships to \"\"Trek\"\",\"\" which Kurtzman said is \"\"a healthy thing and it's a good thing\"\". Fuller wanted to differentiate the series from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236903", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nthey hunt for \"\"the man whom history will one day brand 'Kodos the Executioner'\"\". It was released on February 6, 2018. A third novel, \"\"Fear Itself\"\", was released on June 5, 2018. Written by veteran \"\"Star Trek\"\" author James Swallow, it focuses on Lieutenant Saru's attempts to overcome his fears as a Kelpien and become a successful Starfleet officer. In July 2017, IDW announced the first tie-in comic series, also titled \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\", to be written by Johnson and Beyer with art by Tony Shasteen, who previously worked with Johnson on the comic \"\"Star Trek: Boldly Go\"\". IDW described", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760180", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nexecutive producers on the series, which is \"\"not related\"\" to the 2016 film \"\"Star Trek Beyond\"\". The January 2017 date was the earliest that CBS could release a new \"\"Star Trek\"\" series after an agreement the company made when it split with Viacom in 2005. Showtime, Netflix, and Amazon Video all offered \"\"a lot of money\"\" for the rights to release the series, but after heavily investing in the new All Access service, CBS believed that a returning \"\"Star Trek\"\" could be \"\"the franchise that really puts All Access on the map\"\" and could earn more money in the long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760209", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\ncast in the role in April 2018, also joining the main cast for the second season. Mark Worthington and Todd Cherniawsky served as initial production designers for the series, with Tamara Deverell taking over during production on the first season; Gersha Phillips and Suttirat Anne Larlarb designed the costumes for the series; veteran \"\"Star Trek\"\" designer John Eaves designed starships with Scott Schneider; Glenn Hetrick and Neville Page of Alchemy Studios provided prosthetics and armor, with Page having previously designed for the \"\"Kelvin Timeline\"\" \"\"Star Trek\"\" films; and Mario Moreira served as prop master for the series. The series also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153417", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nfor the show's entire budget (around US$6–7 million per episode). During pre-production on the series, Fuller and CBS continued to disagree on the direction of the show, which was starting to overrun its per-episode budget, and was falling behind schedule due to Fuller supervising all aspects of the series as well as another new show, \"\"American Gods\"\". This caused frustration among CBS executives who felt Fuller should be focused on having \"\"Discovery\"\" ready for release by the January 2017 premiere date. By August 2016, Fuller had hired Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts, who he had worked with on \"\"Pushing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153418", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nDaisies\"\", to serve as co-showrunners with him. A month later, he and Kurtzman asked CBS to delay the series' release so they could meet the high expectations for it, and the studio pushed the series premiere back to May 2017.\"\" At the end of October, CBS asked Fuller to step down as showrunner, and announced a restructuring of the production: Berg and Harberts were made sole showrunners, working from a broad story arc and overall mythology established by Fuller; Kurtzman and Fuller would continue as executive producers, but with Fuller moving his attention fully to \"\"American Gods\"\"; and Akiva Goldsman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465764", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nWe were allowed to go crazy.\"\" Filming for the season began at Pinewood Toronto Studios on January 24, 2017, with cinematographers including Guillermo Navarro, working on the pilot, and Colin Hoult. Set construction had initially been set to begin within a month of June 2016, for a filming period of that September to around March 2017, but by that September, production was not expected to begin until November. After Fuller stepped down as showrunner, set construction was expected to be completed by the end of 2016, with filming to begin \"\"shortly thereafter\"\". By mid-May 2017, filming for scenes set on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760177", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nare joined by Jason Isaacs for the , and Anson Mount and Wilson Cruz for the . The new series was announced in November 2015, with Fuller joining as showrunner and wanting to make an anthology series. CBS asked him to make a single, serialized show first, with the prequel to the original series idea further developed. After further disagreements with CBS and struggles with other commitments, Fuller left the series in October 2016, replaced as showrunner by Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts for the first season, with producing support from Akiva Goldsman. Goldsman did not return after the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236906", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nthese comics that are integral to fleshing out the backstories of the characters is unheard of, and I do a lot of licensed comics.\"\" The next four-issue miniseries was announced in February 2018. Given the subtitle \"\"Succession\"\", the miniseries will begin release on April 25, 2018, and will be set in the Mirror Universe, expanding on the Mirror story arc from the second half of the first season. Additionally, a \"\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\" annual comic is set for publication March 2018, and will focus on Stamets' mycelial research. By August 2017, \"\"hours\"\" of \"\"Discovery\"\"-based content was set to be added", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236859", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nScience Officers Saru and Stamets, respectively. The former is a Kelpien, an alien race created for the series, while the latter is the first \"\"Star Trek\"\" character to be conceived and announced as gay. Sonequa Martin-Green was cast in the lead role in December, which was officially confirmed in April 2017, with the character's name revealed to be Michael Burnham. Also in December, Shazad Latif was cast as the Klingon Kol. In March 2017, Jason Isaacs was cast as Captain Lorca of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\", and Mary Wiseman joined as Tilly, a cadet. At the end of April, Latif was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3475426", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nthem the material I've given them and hope that it is helpful for them.\"\" By the end of the year, Martin-Green had indeed been cast as the series' lead, and in May 2017, the episode order was expanded to 15. That June, CBS announced a new premiere date of September 24. Fuller wanted to differentiate the series from the previous 700+ episodes of \"\"Star Trek\"\" by taking advantage of the streaming format of All Access and telling a single story arc across the entire first season. He and the writers had completed this arc by the end of June 2016.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15873712", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nStar Trek: Discovery (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\"\"\" is set roughly a decade before the events of , and follows the crew of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\" during the Federation–Klingon war. The season is produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout, Roddenberry Entertainment, and Living Dead Guy Productions, with Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts serving as showrunners, and Akiva Goldsman providing producing support. Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, first officer of the USS \"\"Shenzhou\"\", along with Doug Jones, Shazad Latif, Anthony Rapp, Mary Wiseman, and Jason Isaacs. The new series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3475416", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nwell as heading the series' writers and also spending considerable time addressing his commitments as showrunner of another new series, \"\"American Gods\"\". This caused frustration among CBS executives that were pushing for a January 2017 debut, a date that others believed was unrealistic. By August 2016, Fuller had hired Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts, who he had worked with on \"\"Pushing Daisies\"\", to serve as co-showrunners with him. A month later, Fuller and Kurtzman had asked CBS to delay the series' release so they could realistically meet the high expectations for the series, and the studio announced that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15873871", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nthe \"\"Enterprise\"\" would bridge the look of the original series and \"\"Discovery\"\" while still trying to adhere to canon and remain consistent with the original designs where possible. Filming for the season began at Pinewood Toronto Studios on April 16, 2018, under the working title \"\"Green Harvest\"\". Production was set to take place on the series at the studio until November 8. At the time of Berg and Harberts' firing, production was underway on the fifth episode of the season, and a hiatus in filming was planned to follow that. This allowed Kurtzman to take the time to \"\"regroup\"\" the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19045944", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nfilms based on the character Turist Ömer. \"\"The Orville\"\" is a comedy-drama science fiction television series that is currently airing on Fox, with the same look and feel as the \"\"Star Trek\"\" universe, created by noted Trekkie Seth MacFarlane that premiered on September 10, 2017. MacFarlane has made references to \"\"Star Trek\"\" on his animated series \"\"Family Guy\"\", where the \"\"Next Generation\"\" cast guest-starred in the episode \"\"Not All Dogs Go to Heaven\"\". Although \"\"Star Trek\"\" has been off the air since 2005, CBS and Paramount pictures have allowed fan-produced shows to be created. While not officially part of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13236908", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nto voice the character. Other elements inspired by the series include new starship and Klingon designs. Star Trek: Discovery Star Trek: Discovery is an American television series created for CBS All Access by Bryan Fuller and Alex Kurtzman. It is the first series developed specifically for that service, and the first \"\"Star Trek\"\" series since \"\"\"\" concluded in 2005. Set roughly a decade before the events of and separate from the timeline of the concurrently produced feature films, \"\"Discovery\"\" explores the Federation–Klingon war while following the crew of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\". Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, a science specialist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20711493", "chunk_text": "\"Discovery Channel\"\nDiscovery Channel Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American pay television channel that is the flagship and namesake television property of Discovery, Inc., a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav. , Discovery Channel is the third most widely distributed subscription channel in the United States, behind TBS and The Weather Channel; it is available in 409 million households worldwide, through its U.S. flagship channel and its various owned or licensed television channels internationally. It initially provided documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20711495", "chunk_text": "\"Discovery Channel\"\nbeing scientifically inaccurate. , Discovery Channel is available to approximately 94,456,000 pay television households in the United States. John Hendricks founded the channel and its parent company, Cable Educational Network Inc., in 1982. Several investors (including the BBC, Allen & Company and Venture America) raised $5 million in start-up capital to launch the network. The Discovery Channel began broadcasting on June 17, 1985. It was initially available to 156,000 households and broadcast for 12 hours each day between 3 p.m. and 3 a.m. About 75 percent of its program content had never been broadcast on U.S. television before. In its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11760181", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery\"\nrun. In January 2016, CBS president Glenn Geller revealed that he and the CBS network were not involved in the production of the series, saying, \"\"It really is for All Access. While the network will be broadcasting the pilot, I actually can't answer any creative questions about it.\"\" The next month, Bryan Fuller—who began his career writing for the series \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\"—was announced as the new series' showrunner and co-creator alongside Kurtzman. Nicholas Meyer, writer and director of \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\", also joined the series as a consulting producer. In March, Rod Roddenberry (the son of \"\"Star Trek\"\" creator", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465765", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nan unidentified planet had taken place on location in Jordan. Some of the series' sets took over six weeks to create, and new sets were being built up until the end of production on the season. Some episodes for the season were filmed solely on existing sets, making them bottle episodes, though Harberts said the series would not do anything \"\"as bottle-y as 'everyone is stuck in the mess hall!'\"\" Filming for the season concluded on October 11, 2017. Robyn Stewart, an expert in the Klingon language, and linguist Rea Nolan worked closely with the Klingon actors to ensure they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16915362", "chunk_text": "\"The Orville\"\nthe show's viewers appear to like it for that reason. After its premiere on Sunday, September 10, 2017, the show moved to Thursday nights at 9 p.m. In its first broadcast in the new time slot, \"\"The Orville\"\" became Fox's highest rated Thursday 9 p.m. broadcast in two years. After taking into account DVR and VOD, \"\"The Orville\"\" was Fox's most-viewed drama debut since the premiere of \"\"Empire\"\" in 2015. Season 1 of \"\"The Orville\"\" was released on DVD on December 11, 2018. The Orville The Orville is an American science fiction comedy-drama series created by and starring Seth MacFarlane.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19864938", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nseries to feature a First Officer as the lead character. The show features the Klingon T'Kuvma attempting to unite the 24 great Klingon houses, leading to a war between his race and the United Federation of Planets that involves the crew of the \"\"Discovery\"\". \"\"Picard\"\" was announced on August 4, 2018 which will see Patrick Stewart reprise his role as Jean-Luc Picard from \"\"\"\". The series, which is being developed for CBS All Access, will be set twenty years after the events of \"\"\"\". On October 25, 2018, CBS announced a two-season order for a new half-hour adult comedy animated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15873801", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\nopportunity to deliver her finest performance of the season.\"\" Star Trek: Discovery (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"\"\"\" is set roughly a decade before the events of , and follows the crew of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\" during the Federation–Klingon war. The season is produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout, Roddenberry Entertainment, and Living Dead Guy Productions, with Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts serving as showrunners, and Akiva Goldsman providing producing support. Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, first officer of the USS \"\"Shenzhou\"\", along with Doug Jones, Shazad Latif, Anthony", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465841", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nStar Trek: Discovery (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"\"\"\" is set roughly a decade before the events of and follows the crew of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\". The season will be produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout, Roddenberry Entertainment, and Living Dead Guy Productions, with Alex Kurtzman serving as showrunner. Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham, along with the returning Doug Jones, Shazad Latif, Anthony Rapp, and Mary Wiseman; they are joined by Wilson Cruz, promoted from a recurring guest role, and Anson Mount as original \"\"Star Trek\"\" captain Christopher Pike. Original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11465773", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 1)\"\n2018. CD versions of both albums, along with a vinyl release featuring selections from each, are being released in 2018. All music composed by Jeff Russo With the announcement of the series' title in July 2016 came a promotional video giving a first look at the USS \"\"Discovery\"\". The video did not feature final designs, as the producers had \"\"three weeks to throw that together. We wanted to show fans ... The concepts of the ship are totally what we're going for and they'll be honed up until, I think, the day we deliver\"\". In January 2017, a YouTube video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699825", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\non the specialty channels Space (English) and Z (French) before streaming episodes on Crave, while Netflix has streaming rights for the series in another 188 countries. Netflix releases each episode of the series for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut. Star Trek: Discovery (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"\"\"\" is set roughly a decade before the events of and follows the crew of the USS \"\"Discovery\"\". The season will be produced by CBS Television Studios in association with Secret Hideout, Roddenberry Entertainment, and Living Dead Guy Productions, with Alex Kurtzman serving as showrunner.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12699811", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek: Discovery (season 2)\"\nof 13 episodes. In June 2018, during production on the season, CBS Television Studios fired Berg and Harberts. This was not due to creative concerns, as the studio and network were pleased with the scripts for the season and early cuts of already filmed episodes, but due to a combination of the first episode of the season going significantly over budget—to the point that the budgets for later episodes of the season would have to be cut to cover the difference—and alleged abusive behavior by the pair directed at the series' writing staff; multiple writers had become uncomfortable working with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8725600", "chunk_text": "\"Discovery Real Time\"\ndemographic than the old TLC, Discovery is treating it as a new channel launch rather than a return. Real Time launched in Africa on 3 September 2018 as a female skewed airing reruns of programs from Animal Planet, TLC and Discovery Channel. Discovery Real Time Discovery Real Time was a factual television channel owned by Discovery Networks Western Europe. It was originally launched in the UK in March 1992 as TLC, a British version of the US channel of the same name. It was initially broadcast as a daytime channel from Intelsat, mostly aimed at cable systems where it would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7265007", "chunk_text": "\"Star Trek\"\nor \"\"\"\"TOS\"\"\"\" debuted in the United States on NBC on September 8, 1966. The show tells the tale of the crew of the starship \"\"Enterprise\"\" and its five-year mission \"\"to boldly go where no man has gone before.\"\" The original 1966–69 television series featured William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Spock, DeForest Kelley as Dr. Leonard \"\"Bones\"\" McCoy, James Doohan as Montgomery \"\"Scotty\"\" Scott, Nichelle Nichols as Uhura, George Takei as Hikaru Sulu, and Walter Koenig as Pavel Chekov. During the series' original run, it earned several nominations for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3239	when was the last god of war made?	n/a	[ "2018", "March 12, 2013" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16778566", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2018 video game)\"\nGod of War (2018 video game) God of War is an action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE). Released on April 20, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 (PS4) console, it is the eighth installment in the \"\"God of War\"\" series, the eighth chronologically, and the sequel to 2010's \"\"God of War III\"\". Unlike previous games, which were loosely based on Greek mythology, this installment is loosely based on Norse mythology, with the majority of it set in ancient Norway in the realm of Midgard. For the first time in the series, there", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10991837", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nherself is the key to pacifying the Flame and allowing him to open the Box. After finally killing Zeus, he refuses to help Athena assume the role of new patron of mankind and disappears. is a short text-based game, released through Facebook Messenger on February 1, 2018. The game serves as a prequel story to 2018's \"\"God of War\"\", and follows Atreus on his first adventure in the Norse wilds. God of War was released worldwide on April 20, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 console. Many years after the events of \"\"God of War III\"\", Kratos has ended up in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10991824", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nGod of War (franchise) God of War is a mythology-based action-adventure video game franchise. Created by David Jaffe at Sony's Santa Monica Studio, the series debuted in 2005 on the PlayStation 2 (PS2) video game console, and has become a flagship title for the PlayStation brand, consisting of eight games across multiple platforms. The story is about Kratos, a Spartan warrior tricked into killing his wife and daughter by his former master, the Greek God of War Ares. Kratos seeks to rid himself of the nightmares by serving the other Olympian gods, but soon finds himself in confrontation with them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19448910", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nrelease of 2018's installment. Strong sales and support of the series led to the franchise's expansion into other media, such as three comic book series and three novels. A film adaptation of the original installment has been in development since 2005. Merchandise includes artwork, clothing, toys, and prop replicas, as well as the games' soundtracks, including a heavy metal album, \"\"\"\" (2010), featuring original music by various bands who were inspired by the series. God of War was first released in North America on March 22, 2005, for the PlayStation 2. After ten years in the service of the Olympian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12571554", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (film)\"\nGod of War (film) God of War is a 2017 Chinese historical war film directed by Gordon Chan and starring Vincent Zhao, Sammo Hung, and Yasuaki Kurata. It was released in the United States in Mandarin with English subtitles on June 2, 2017. The plot is based on general Qi Jiguang's suppression of the \"\"wokou\"\" pirates during the Ming dynasty. In 1557, Japanese samurai warriors involved in \"\"wokou\"\" piracy terrorized and took control of the coastline villages in China. The Chinese General Yu Dayou (Sammo Hung) with the help of General Qi Jiguang (Vincent Zhao) had to create strategic methods", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19448993", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nworldwide. \"\"God of War\"\" (2005), \"\"God of War II\"\", \"\"Chains of Olympus\"\", \"\"God of War Collection\"\", \"\"God of War III\"\", and \"\"God of War\"\" (2018) each received critical acclaim from several reviewers as compiled by review aggregator Metacritic, with both the 2005 and 2018 titles being tied for the highest score in the franchise at 94/100. \"\"Betrayal\"\" and \"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\" only received generally favorable reception. \"\"Ascension\"\" also only had a generally favorable reception and, not including the PlayStation Vita port of \"\"God of War Collection\"\", it has the lowest score in the series from Metacritic (80/100). At the time", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "924241", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (film)\"\nand weapons to defeat the pirates. To prepare for battle against the ruthless pirates, General Qi convinces his leader to allow him to train a new army. General Qi then recruits and trains some brave villagers to become his new army. God of War (film) God of War is a 2017 Chinese historical war film directed by Gordon Chan and starring Vincent Zhao, Sammo Hung, and Yasuaki Kurata. It was released in the United States in Mandarin with English subtitles on June 2, 2017. The plot is based on general Qi Jiguang's suppression of the \"\"wokou\"\" pirates during the Ming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6893542", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2018 video game)\"\nIn the game's secret ending, Kratos and Atreus return home and slumber. Atreus has a vision that at the end of Fimbulwinter, Thor will arrive at their home to confront them. Development on the next \"\"God of War\"\" began in 2014, which was confirmed by Santa Monica Studio's creative director Cory Barlog at the first annual PlayStation Experience on December 6, 2014. Barlog said that the game was in very early development and that it would not be a prequel, but possibly a reboot. In April 2016, \"\"Polygon\"\" reported that concept art of the next installment had been leaked. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3773674", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\n\"\"God of War II\"\", the second novelization of the series, was written by Vardeman alone and was published by Del Rey Books on February 12, 2013. The third novelization in the series, titled \"\"God of War – The Official Novelization\"\", is of 2018's \"\"God of War\"\". It was released on August 28, 2018 by Titan Books and was written by Cory Barlog's father, James Barlog. Six \"\"God of War\"\" soundtracks have been commercially released and have featured several composers, including Gerard K. Marino, Ron Fish, Winifred Phillips, Mike Reagan, Cris Velasco, Winnie Waldron, Marcello De Francisci, Jeff Rona, Tyler Bates,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5786489", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2018 video game)\"\n20, 2018, for the PlayStation 4. In addition to the standard base game, there were three special editions: the Stone Mason Edition, the Collector's Edition, and the Digital Deluxe Edition. Only available in the United States and Canada, the Stone Mason Edition came with several physical items, including the base game in a SteelBook case, a statue of Kratos and Atreus that was created by Gentle Giant, carvings of the Huldra Brothers, a horse, and a troll, an exclusive lithograph, a cloth map, a stone mason's ring, and a keychain of Mímir's head that talks. There was also various downloadable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18043184", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nand \"\"Best PS3 Game\"\" at the 2009 and 2010 Spike Video Game Awards, respectively. The game also won the \"\"Artistic Achievement\"\" award at the 2011 BAFTA awards. \"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\" was praised for its graphics and story, with Chris Pereira of 1UP saying that it was \"\"a more personal story than the [previous] \"\"GOW\"\" games.\"\" It received several awards at E3 2010, including \"\"Best Handheld Game\"\", \"\"Best PSP Game\"\", and \"\"PSP Game of Show\"\", and won \"\"Best Handheld Game\"\" at the 2010 Spike Video Game Awards. 2018's \"\"God of War\"\" received particular praise for its art direction, graphics, combat system,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6893520", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2018 video game)\"\nof the franchise, a major gameplay change is that Kratos prominently uses a magical battle axe instead of his signature double-chained blades. \"\"God of War\"\" also uses an over-the-shoulder free camera, with the game in one shot, as opposed to the fixed cinematic camera of the previous entries. It includes role-playing video game elements, and Kratos' son Atreus provides assistance in combat. The majority of the original game's development team worked on \"\"God of War\"\" and designed it to be accessible and grounded. A separate short text-based game, \"\"\"\", was released in February 2018 and follows Atreus on his first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15601878", "chunk_text": "\"God of War III\"\nGod of War III God of War III is an action-adventure hack and slash video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). Released for the PlayStation 3 (PS3) console on March 16, 2010, the game is the fifth installment in the \"\"God of War\"\" series, the seventh chronologically, and the sequel to 2007's \"\"God of War II\"\". Loosely based on Greek mythology, the game is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif. The player controls the protagonist and former God of War Kratos, after his betrayal at the hands of his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19448909", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nPlatform, Micro Edition (Java ME). The fifth main installment, also titled \"\"God of War\"\" (2018), was released for the PlayStation 4 (PS4). It began the second era, which takes the franchise to the world of Norse mythology. To go along with the new installment, Sony released a short prequel story, \"\"\"\" (2018), as a text-based game through Facebook Messenger. Games in the series have been praised as some of the best action games of all time. Some of them have also been remastered for newer PlayStation platforms. The franchise has sold an upwards of 30 million units worldwide with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5786495", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2018 video game)\"\n\"\"God of War\"\", Sony partnered with Facebook to develop the play-by-web game, which released on February 1, 2018. Completing the game unlocks downloadable concept art. The short story follows Atreus on his first adventure in the Norse wilds. After archery training and learning runes with his mother, Atreus adventures into the wilderness after telepathically hearing the voice of a dying deer; he finds it covered in blood and stays with it during its final moments. A couple of draugrs appear and Atreus attempts to fight them, but is injured. He is saved by his father, Kratos, who was out hunting.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867836", "chunk_text": "\"Characters of God of War\"\nIII\"\", which is also titled \"\"God of War\"\" (2018). The \"\"God of War\"\" mythos expanded into literature, with a novelization of the original \"\"God of War\"\" published in 2010, and a six-issue comic series that introduced new characters and plot developments that was published from 2010–11. A novelization of \"\"God of War II\"\" was published in 2013, and a film adaptation of the original \"\"God of War\"\" has been in development since 2005. A prequel graphic novel titled \"\"\"\" (2012–13) was released in the lead up to \"\"Ascension\"\"s release and is the backstory of the player's multiplayer character. To go", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17065942", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\ntheater in Los Angeles on September 1, 2010, and was released as a pre-order bonus for \"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\" in North America on November 2, 2010, and was included with the \"\"Origins Collection\"\" and later released on the PlayStation Store. A six-issue comic book series titled \"\"God of War\"\", written by Marv Wolfman with art by Andrea Sorrentino, was published by WildStorm and DC Comics between March 2010 and January 2011. Taking place during the Greek era, the narrative switches between Kratos' past and present; it occurs while he is a soldier of Sparta and involves his search for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5439850", "chunk_text": "\"Cory Barlog\"\nCory Barlog Cory Barlog (born September 2, 1975) is the creative director at SIE Santa Monica Studio. He is a video game director and writer, known for his work on \"\"God of War\"\" (2005), \"\"God of War II\"\", and \"\"God of War\"\" (2018). Before coming to Sony's Santa Monica Studio, Barlog worked on \"\"\"\" and \"\"\"\". After joining Santa Monica, Barlog was the lead animator for \"\"God of War\"\" (2005), and was game director of \"\"God of War II\"\" (2007), for which he won a BAFTA for his writing work on the game. He also served as game director of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3102629", "chunk_text": "\"God of War video game collections\"\n(2011), and \"\"God of War Saga\"\" (2012). With the exception of \"\"God of War III\"\" in the \"\"God of War Saga\"\", each collection features remastered ports of the games that were not originally released on the PS3. \"\"God of War III\"\" was later remastered as \"\"God of War III Remastered\"\" and released on PlayStation 4 (PS4) in July 2015. \"\"\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"God of War\"\" (2018) are the only installments that have not been remastered for a newer platform or included in a collection. Each collection was praised for how the games were remastered, as well as their price. IGN", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7509004", "chunk_text": "\"Characters of God of War\"\nto fulfill her promise and spread her ashes there. Along their journey, Kratos eventually reveals that he is a god to Atreus, and after defeating Baldur and in turn becoming an enemy of the Norse gods, he finally reveals his troubled past to his son and that they should learn from past mistakes. The character was originally voiced by Terrence C. Carson; his final portrayal of the character was in 2013's \"\"Ascension\"\". Christopher Judge replaced TC Carson in 2018's \"\"God of War\"\". Antony Del Rio voiced the character as a child in \"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\" (2010). Athena was the Goddess", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14124329", "chunk_text": "\"God of War II\"\nGod of War II God of War II is a hack and slash action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). First released for the PlayStation 2 console on March 13, 2007, it is the second installment in the \"\"God of War\"\" series, the sixth chronologically, and the sequel to 2005's \"\"God of War\"\". The game is loosely based on Greek mythology and set in ancient Greece, with vengeance as its central motif. The player character is protagonist Kratos, the new God of War who killed the former, Ares. Kratos is betrayed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8616718", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (DC Comics)\"\nGod of War (DC Comics) God of War is a six-issue American comic book limited series set in the Greek mythology era of the \"\"God of War\"\" universe. The series was written by Marv Wolfman, illustrated by Andrea Sorrentino, and the cover art for each issue was produced by Andy Park, who was also an artist for the video game series. The first five issues of \"\"God of War\"\" were published by WildStorm. Due to the company's closure in December 2010, the final issue was published by their parent company, DC Comics. The series' launch coincided with the release of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9709301", "chunk_text": "\"God of War III\"\nGame of 2010\"\" and \"\"Best PS3 Game\"\" at the 2009 and 2010 Spike Video Game Awards, respectively, and the \"\"Artistic Achievement\"\" award at the 2011 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Video Game Awards. The second best-selling game in the \"\"God of War\"\" series and the ninth best-selling PlayStation 3 game of all time, it sold nearly 5.2 million copies worldwide by June 2012 and was included in the \"\"God of War Saga\"\" released for PlayStation 3 on August 28, 2012. In celebration of the \"\"God of War\"\" franchise's tenth anniversary, a remastered version of \"\"God of War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4430285", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2005 video game)\"\na budget of $150 million USD. God of War (2005 video game) God of War is a third-person hack and slash action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). First released on March 22, 2005, for the PlayStation 2 (PS2) console, it is the first installment in the series of the same name and the third chronologically. Loosely based on Greek mythology, it is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif. The player controls the protagonist Kratos, a Spartan warrior who serves the Olympian Gods. The goddess Athena tasks Kratos", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11867835", "chunk_text": "\"Characters of God of War\"\nthe boy while hiding his past from him. Their journey to keep a promise to the boy's late mother ends with Kratos and Atreus becoming enemies to the Norse gods. \"\"God of War\"\" (2005), created by Sony's Santa Monica Studio, was the inaugural game in the series, the main part of which continued with \"\"God of War II\"\" (2007), \"\"God of War III\"\" (2010), and series prequel \"\"\"\" (2013); and side games \"\"\"\" (2007), \"\"\"\" (2008), and \"\"\"\" (2010). These seven games comprised the Greek era of the series. The Norse era began with the sequel to \"\"God of War", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5786483", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2018 video game)\"\nsilent and everyone will talk in old Norse, so that you won't understand anything anybody's saying.\"\" After hearing Barlog's case, Sony gave him the freedom to incorporate Atreus. Lead level designer Rob Davis also noted that with Atreus, it allowed for \"\"significant gameplay and storytelling opportunities that might not otherwise [been] possible.\"\" \"\"God of War (PlayStation Soundtrack)\"\" was released on April 20, 2018 by Sony Classical Records. The soundtrack was composed by Bear McCreary, who is best known for his work on television shows such as \"\"Battlestar Galactica\"\" and \"\"The Walking Dead\"\". McCreary was called into Santa Monica Studio in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18043190", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nor newcomers. \"\"God of War III Remastered\"\" was met with generally favorable reception. Praise was given to the smoother textures and improved frame rate, though because the original already had remarkable graphics, the changes were not major, and reviewers said these changes were not a strong enough argument to rebuy the game for $40 USD. Note Footnote God of War (franchise) God of War is a mythology-based action-adventure video game franchise. Created by David Jaffe at Sony's Santa Monica Studio, the series debuted in 2005 on the PlayStation 2 (PS2) video game console, and has become a flagship title for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19448914", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nOlympus. God of War III was first released in North America on March 16, 2010, for the PlayStation 3. Reigniting the Great War, Kratos is soon abandoned by the Titans, who were only using him to exact their own revenge. Helped by the spirit of Athena who was elevated to a new level of understanding, she instructs him to seek the Flame of Olympus in order to defeat Zeus. Kratos engages the gods and the Titans in an epic series of battles across the Underworld and Olympus and learns that Pandora's Box is within the Flame. He discovers that Pandora", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7509007", "chunk_text": "\"Characters of God of War\"\nhaunt and taunt him about his past that he had kept secret from his son Atreus. As he was retrieving his old weapons, the Blades of Chaos, she said he was nothing more than a monster, to which Kratos replied that he was not her monster anymore. The character was voiced by Carole Ruggier in 2005's \"\"God of War\"\", 2007's \"\"God of War II\"\", and 2018's \"\"God of War\"\". Erin Torpey voiced the character in \"\"Chains of Olympus\"\" (2008), \"\"God of War III\"\" (2010), and \"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\" (2010). Gaia was the mother of the Titans and embodiment of Earth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "125116", "chunk_text": "\"God of War, Zhao Yun\"\nthe most dangerous of all? The series started filming in 2014 and wrapped up in 2015. Some footage from the 2008–2009 film \"\"Red Cliff\"\" was reused for the Battle of Red Cliffs scenes. The series premiered in mainland China on 3 April 2016 on Hunan TV and ran for 60 episodes. The series was produced at a cost of nearly 250 million yuan (US$40 million). The drama is featured at the Hong Kong International Film and TV market (FILMART), which was held from 23–26 March 2015; it is reported that the overseas copyright prices offered for the drama has soared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6893547", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2018 video game)\"\nKratos' last game. Barlog said that future games could see the series tackling Egyptian or Mayan mythology, and that although this game focuses on Norse mythology, it alludes to the fact that there are other mythologies co-existing in the world. Barlog also said that he liked the idea of having different directors for each game, seen throughout the first seven games, and although he may not direct another \"\"God of War\"\", he would still be at Santa Monica to work on future games. Most of the development team that worked on the original \"\"God of War\"\" worked on the new", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10991840", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\ninstallment would not be Kratos' last game. It was also revealed that following games would continue to be set in the Norse environment, and include Atreus. God of War Collection was first released in North America on November 17, 2009, for the PlayStation 3—the franchise's first appearance on the platform. It is a remastered port of the original \"\"God of War \"\" and \"\"God of War II\"\". The games were ported by Bluepoint Games and feature high-definition 1080p anti-aliased graphics at 60 frames per second and trophies. Sanzaru Games later ported the collection to the PlayStation Vita and it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17065928", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nfew months after \"\"God of War\"\" was announced. The game's story was estimated to take 25–35 hours to complete, which is significantly more than the previous four main installments, which each took an average of 10 hours to complete. Cory Barlog also confirmed that the 2018 game would not be Kratos' last. He said that future games could see the series tackling Egyptian or Mayan mythology, and that although the 2018 game focuses on Norse mythology, it alludes to the fact that there are other mythologies co-existing in the world. Barlog also said that he liked the idea of having", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7059759", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2005 video game)\"\nit became available in the PlayStation 2 lineup of Greatest Hits. By July 2006, the game had sold 1 million copies and earned $43 million in the United States alone. \"\"Next Generation\"\" ranked it as the 50th highest-selling game launched for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, or GameCube between January 2000 and July 2006 in that country. In June 2012, Sony reported that the game sold more than 4.6 million copies worldwide. The game and its sequel, \"\"God of War II\"\", were released in North America on November 17, 2009, as part of the \"\"God of War Collection\"\", featuring remastered ports", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19448975", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nin 2005. Creator David Jaffe confirmed that a completed script had been written by David Self and would be sent to an unspecified director. He said that Universal Studios was behind the making of the \"\"God of War\"\" movie, but was unaware of its current status, and eventually said, \"\"it's doubtful that the film will even be made\"\". In September 2010, Jaffe said that the \"\"script went out a year and a half ago to Daniel Craig who plays [James] Bond, but he turned it down\"\". He also said that another actor had since been cast as Kratos; he said,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4690848", "chunk_text": "\"Cory Barlog\"\nIn March 2012, it was announced that Barlog joined Crystal Dynamics to direct the cinematics for the new \"\"Tomb Raider\"\" game and go on to direct an unannounced game. Barlog left the company in April 2013. In August 2013, it was announced that Barlog would return to SIE Sony Santa Monica. There, Barlog serves as creative director for the studio, and directed 2018's \"\"God of War\"\", for which he won best game direction and overall game of the year at The Game Awards 2018 ceremony. Cory Barlog Cory Barlog (born September 2, 1975) is the creative director at SIE Santa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10303893", "chunk_text": "\"God of War: Chains of Olympus\"\nJapan. Sony released a limited-edition bundle pack only in North America, on June 3, 2008. The pack included the game, a UMD of the 2007 film \"\"Superbad\"\", a voucher for the PSP title \"\"\"\", and a red edition of the console imprinted with an image of Kratos' face on the rear. As of June 2012, \"\"Chains of Olympus\"\" has sold more than 3.2 million copies worldwide. Together with \"\"\"\", the game was released for the PlayStation 3 as part of the \"\"\"\" (called \"\"God of War Collection – Volume II\"\" in Europe) on September 13, 2011, in North America, September", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7059775", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2005 video game)\"\ninforms Zeus that the new Hydra is a newborn spawn of the Titans Typhon and Echidna, and was released by Ares. A film adaptation was announced in 2005. Jaffe confirmed that a script had been completed by David Self and they were looking for a director. He confirmed that Universal Studios is committed to making the \"\"God of War\"\" film, but he was unaware of its status, and later expressed doubt the film would be released. In September 2008, Brett Ratner told UGO that he would direct the film, but in February 2009, it was confirmed that he had left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4430237", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2005 video game)\"\nGod of War (2005 video game) God of War is a third-person hack and slash action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). First released on March 22, 2005, for the PlayStation 2 (PS2) console, it is the first installment in the series of the same name and the third chronologically. Loosely based on Greek mythology, it is set in ancient Greece with vengeance as its central motif. The player controls the protagonist Kratos, a Spartan warrior who serves the Olympian Gods. The goddess Athena tasks Kratos with killing Ares, the God of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10991825", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\ndue to their machinations. Years after the destruction of ancient Greece, Kratos ends up in ancient Norway with a young son named Atreus. The two journey throughout several realms to fulfill a promise to the boy's recently deceased mother, inadvertently making enemies of the Norse gods. Santa Monica has developed all main entries, while Ready at Dawn and Javaground/Sony Online Entertainment-Los Angeles (SOE-LA) developed the three side games. Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE; formerly Sony Computer Entertainment) has published all games except the mobile phone installment; it was published by Sony Pictures Digital. There are two eras in the series. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17065938", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\n\"\"this new person is pretty good, if that ends up true.\"\" In July 2012, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" said that writers Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan had been hired to adapt the \"\"God of War\"\" film. On August 30, 2012, the writers told IGN that they intend to \"\"humanize\"\" Kratos and explore his past. Melton said that they are emotionally invested and it could become a series of films, and that Ares \"\"will become a more proactive villain\"\". As of 23, 2019, the movie is without a director, no actors have been confirmed, and a release date has not been set,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7059770", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2005 video game)\"\n\"\"Complex\"\" magazine named \"\"God of War\"\" the eleventh-best PlayStation 2 game of all time. An official novelization of the game, titled \"\"God of War\"\", was announced in July 2009, along with a novelization of \"\"God of War II\"\". It was written by Matthew Stover and Robert E. Vardeman, and was published on May 25, 2010, by Del Rey Books. In an interview for \"\"Play\"\" magazine, Vardeman said a mythology book written in the 1930s got him interested in Greek mythology, and the chance to work on the \"\"God of War\"\" novel \"\"was an opportunity not to be missed\"\". He said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4430281", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2005 video game)\"\nMelton and Marcus Dunstan, had been hired to adapt \"\"God of War\"\" into a film. On August 30, 2012, Melton and Dunstan stated in an IGN interview that they were hired to rework Self's screenplay as they considered it outdated, being written before recent films in the same genre, such as \"\"Clash of the Titans\"\" (2010) and its sequel, \"\"Wrath of the Titans\"\" (2012). The first step will be to apparently humanize Kratos, who will begin as a mortal and still have his family, with the pivotal change being the barbarian attack. Melton added, \"\"We're going to learn about [Kratos]", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "950817", "chunk_text": "\"Kratos (God of War)\"\n2005 to 2013, with Christopher Judge taking over the role in 2018's continuation, also titled \"\"God of War\"\". Antony Del Rio voiced the character as a child in \"\"\"\". Throughout the Greek era of the series, Kratos embarks on several adventures in attempts to avert disaster or to change his fate. He is usually portrayed as being oblivious to all else and arrogant in nature. He often engages in morally ambiguous activities and performs acts of extreme violence. A Spartan warrior, he became the \"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\" after accidentally killing his family due to Ares' trickery. He later avenges the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5786471", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (2018 video game)\"\nreturned to the series as game director for the new installment. Barlog has been a major contributor in the development of the \"\"God of War\"\" series since the original installment in 2005, with his prior most notable role being game director of \"\"God of War II\"\" (2007). This new installment was his fifth \"\"God of War\"\" game. In naming the game, Barlog stated that it was deliberately titled \"\"God of War\"\" with no numeral or subtitle because although it is a continuation of the series, \"\"we are reimagining everything.\"\" Head of Santa Monica Studio Shannon Studstill and Barlog said that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19448908", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nfirst era are the first seven games, which are based on Greek mythology with vengeance as a central motif. \"\"God of War\"\" (2005), \"\"God of War II\"\" (2007), and \"\"God of War III\"\" (2010) comprise its main trilogy; the first two were released on the PS2 with the third on the PlayStation 3 (PS3). The fourth main installment, \"\"\"\" (2013), was also released for the PS3 and serves as a prequel to all other games. The three side games include \"\"\"\" (2008) and \"\"\"\" (2010) for the PlayStation Portable (PSP), and \"\"\"\" (2007) for mobile phones that supported the Java", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4409278", "chunk_text": "\"God of War: Ghost of Sparta\"\nan empty third grave nearby) and states \"\"Now... only one remains.\"\" The final scene is a brooding Kratos sitting on his throne on Mount Olympus. \"\"God of War: Ghost of Sparta\"\" was announced on May 4, 2010, on PlayStation.Blog. According to Sony, Ready at Dawn utilized \"\"state-of-the-art visual technologies\"\" that allowed \"\"higher quality environments and characters.\"\" \"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\" offers \"\"over 25% more gameplay\"\" than its PSP predecessor, \"\"Chains of Olympus\"\", while adding more enemies on screen and a greater number of boss encounters. Development of \"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\" took 23 months to complete. \"\"Chains of Olympus\"\" game director Ru", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17065924", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nfrom \"\"God of War III\"\". Santa Monica began work on the fifth main installment in 2014, which was confirmed by the returning Cory Barlog at the first annual PlayStation Experience on December 6 that year. The official announcement came at the 2016 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) with a gameplay demo. This also confirmed that Barlog had returned to the series as game director. The game was deliberately titled \"\"God of War\"\" with no numeral or subtitle because although it is a continuation of the series, \"\"we are reimagining everything.\"\" Other mythologies were also considered for the new setting, but Norse", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10991898", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nbut the script has been \"\"turned in\"\". It has a budget of $150 million USD. \"\"God of War: Unearthing the Legend\"\" (75 minutes, 2010) is a documentary about the \"\"God of War\"\" franchise and is hosted by Peter Weller. The production discusses the relationship between the \"\"God of War\"\" games and Greek mythology, and features members of the \"\"God of War III\"\" development team and professional historians. It was included as part of the \"\"God of War III Ultimate Edition\"\" (North America) and \"\"Ultimate Trilogy Edition\"\" (Europe, Australia, and New Zealand) packages. On March 25, 2010, it was released on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19448978", "chunk_text": "\"God of War (franchise)\"\nthe PlayStation Store in North America to purchase. \"\"God of War – Game Directors Live\"\" (80 minutes, 2010) is a documentary featuring five game directors of the \"\"God of War\"\" series: David Jaffe (original \"\"God of War\"\"), Cory Barlog (just \"\"God of War II\"\" at the time), Ru Weerasuriya (\"\"Chains of Olympus\"\"), Stig Asmussen (\"\"God of War III\"\"), and Dana Jan (\"\"Ghost of Sparta\"\"). The documentary takes the form of an interview panel hosted by G4's Alison Haislip, with the five game directors, 150 members of PlayStation.Blog, and members of \"\"GodofWar.com\"\" and \"\"SpartansStandTall.com\"\". It was filmed at the El Portal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3240	who has scored the most half centuries in test cricket?	n/a	[ "Sachin Tendulkar" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20815640", "chunk_text": "\"Jacques Kallis\"\na number of players had been tried and discarded, and his stock rose exponentially from that moment.\"\" Kallis is one of only four players in Test history (after Sir Donald Bradman and before Mohammad Yousuf and Gautam Gambhir) to make a century in five consecutive matches, achieved in season 2003/04. In 2005, he set the record for the fastest half-century, as measured by balls faced, in Test cricket history, scoring 50 against Zimbabwe off only 24 balls. In 2007, Kallis scored five centuries in four Tests, making him just the fourth man after Bradman, Ken Barrington and Matthew Hayden to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18408923", "chunk_text": "\"Century (cricket)\"\nTest cricket was between W. G. Grace and A. P. Lucas, batting for England, in the first innings of the only Test match between England and Australia on the Australians 1880 tour of England, played at the Kennington Oval (6–8 September 1880). The current holder of the record for most centuries in Test cricket is Sachin Tendulkar of India, who has scored 51 centuries. The first One Day International (ODI) century was scored by Denis Amiss who amassed 103 runs against Australia at Old Trafford in 1972. (the second official ODI on record). Sachin Tendulkar currently holds the record for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13348870", "chunk_text": "Misbah-ul-Haq\nMisbah-ul-Haq Misbah-ul-Haq Khan Niazi () (born 28 May 1974), or Misbah-ul-Haq, is a former Pakistani cricketer who captained the Pakistani team in all three formats of the game. He is Pakistan's most successful Test captain with 26 wins. A late bloomer, Misbah was a middle-order batsman best known for his composure with the bat whilst also having the ability to be an aggressive big shot player when required. Misbah holds the world record of scoring most runs without century in ODI career. Misbah holds the record of the fastest test half century and shares the record for second fastest test", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19702513", "chunk_text": "\"Don Bradman\"\nhas finished their career with a Test average of more than 62. Bradman scored centuries at a rate better than one every three innings—in 80 Test innings, Bradman scored 29 centuries. Only 11 players have since surpassed his total, all at a much slower rate: the next fastest player to reach 29 centuries, Sachin Tendulkar, required nearly twice as long (148 innings) to do so. In addition, Bradman converted 41% of his centuries into double centuries: his total of 12 Test double hundreds—comprising 15% of his innings—remains the most achieved by any Test batsman and was accumulated faster than any", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12906415", "chunk_text": "\"Sunil Gavaskar\"\nSunil Gavaskar Sunil Manohar \"\"Sunny\"\" Gavaskar (born 10 July 1949) is a former Indian international cricketer who played from the early 1970s to late 1980s for the Bombay cricket team and Indian national team. Widely regarded as one of the greatest Test batsmen and best opening batsmen in Test cricket history, Gavaskar set world records during his career for the most Test runs and most Test centuries scored by any batsman. He held the record of 34 Test centuries for almost two decades before it was broken by Sachin Tendulkar in December 2005. He was the first person to score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7222344", "chunk_text": "\"Don Bradman\"\nother total. For comparison, the next highest totals of Test double hundreds are Kumar Sangakkara's 11 in 223 innings (4.9%), Brian Lara's 9 in 232 innings (3.9%), and Wally Hammond's 7 in 140 innings (5%); the next highest rate of scoring Test double centuries was achieved by Vinod Kambli, whose 21 innings included 2 double centuries (9.5%). \"\"Wisden\"\" hailed Bradman as, \"\"the greatest phenomenon in the history of cricket, indeed in the history of all ball games\"\". Statistician Charles Davis analysed the statistics for several prominent sportsmen by comparing the number of standard deviations that they stand above the mean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6987049", "chunk_text": "\"Brendon McCullum\"\nfrom Martin Guptill). He became the first New Zealander to score a triple hundred in a Test, 302 runs against India on 18 February 2014. In 2014, he also became the first New Zealander to score 1000 test runs in a calendar year (1164). The record was bettered by Kane Williamson with 1172 runs in 2015. In his last Test outing on 20 February 2016, McCullum posted the fastest ever Test century, in 54 balls, beating the record jointly held by his hero, Vivian Richards and Misbah-ul-Haq, scoring a total of 145 off 79 balls. McCullum was the first batsman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15358571", "chunk_text": "\"Virender Sehwag\"\nChennai, having reached 300 off just 278 balls, the fastest triple century in test history. Sehwag became only the third batsman after Sir Donald Bradman and Brian Lara to score 2 triple centuries in Test Cricket. He scored 257 runs the third day of the match, which was the most runs scored by an individual batsman on a single day of a Test match since 1954, when Dennis Compton made 273 runs on the second day of the Nottingham Test against Pakistan. He has a habit of making big centuries, with his last eleven centuries having all been over 150,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9629376", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Lara\"\nBrian Lara Brian Charles Lara, (born 2 May 1969) is a Trinidadian former international cricketer, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest batsmen of all time. He topped the Test batting rankings on several occasions and holds several cricketing records, including the record for the highest individual score in first-class cricket, with 501 not out for Warwickshire against Durham at Edgbaston in 1994, which is the only quintuple hundred in first-class cricket history. Lara also holds the record for the highest individual score in a Test innings after scoring 400 not out against England at Antigua in 2004. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17516391", "chunk_text": "\"Viv Richards\"\ndesigner Masaba Gupta, born in 1989. He is a supporter of Liverpool F.C. in English football's Premier League. Viv Richards Sir Isaac Vivian Alexander Richards, KNH, OBE (born 7 March 1952), known as Viv Richards, is a former Antiguan cricketer, who represented the West Indies at test and international levels. He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time. Richards was voted one of the five Cricketers of the Century by a 100-member panel of experts in 2000, along with Sir Donald Bradman, Sir Garfield Sobers, Sir Jack Hobbs and Shane Warne. In one-day cricket, Richards was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20674038", "chunk_text": "\"Viv Richards\"\nViv Richards Sir Isaac Vivian Alexander Richards, KNH, OBE (born 7 March 1952), known as Viv Richards, is a former Antiguan cricketer, who represented the West Indies at test and international levels. He is regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time. Richards was voted one of the five Cricketers of the Century by a 100-member panel of experts in 2000, along with Sir Donald Bradman, Sir Garfield Sobers, Sir Jack Hobbs and Shane Warne. In one-day cricket, Richards was judged by \"\"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\"\" to have played the best One Day International (ODI) innings of all time.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10910128", "chunk_text": "\"Century (cricket)\"\nmost ODI centuries, having scored 49 ODI Centuries. The first Twenty20 International (T20I) century was scored by Chris Gayle who amassed 117 runs against South Africa at Johannesburg in the very first match of ICC World Twenty20 tournament in 2007. Rohit Sharma currently holds the record for most T20I centuries, having scored 4 T20I Centuries. The fastest recorded century in Test cricket terms of balls faced is held by Brendon McCullum who scored 100 runs from 54 balls against Australia at Christchurch, New Zealand in 2016, beating the previous record of 56 held jointly by Viv Richards and Misbah-ul-Haq. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16780074", "chunk_text": "\"Gary Kirsten\"\nfor the bad ball, much like Steve Waugh and Justin Langer. He was also a reliable fielder. Kirsten held the South African records for most runs and centuries in a Test career, before both were surpassed by Jacques Kallis. He was the first Test batsman to make hundreds against each of the other 9 Test nations. He scored 275 runs against England as a result of batting for over 14 and a half hours as South Africa followed on at Kingsmead in Durban, it still stands as the second-longest innings (in terms of duration) in Test history. The high score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21014810", "chunk_text": "\"Jacques Kallis\"\nwickets and 200 catches respectively. Kallis played 166 Test matches and had a batting average of over 55 runs per innings. From October to December 2007 he scored five centuries in four Test matches. With his century in the second innings of the third Test against India in January 2011, his 40th in all, he moved past Ricky Ponting to become the second-highest scorer of Test centuries, behind only Sachin Tendulkar's 51. Kallis was named Leading Cricketer in the World in the 2008 Wisden for his performances in 2007 in addition to being the \"\"ICC Test Player of the Year\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824511", "chunk_text": "\"Sachin Tendulkar\"\nhas been crossed in ODI cricket history. In the fourth Test of the 2008–09 Border-Gavaskar Trophy against Australia at Nagpur on 6 November 2008, Tendulkar surpassed Australia's Allan Border to become the player to cross the 50-run mark the most number of times in Test cricket history, and also the second ever player to score 11 Test centuries against Australia, tying with Sir Jack Hobbs of England more than 70 years previously. On 8 November 2011, Tendulkar became the first batsman to score 15,000 runs in Test Cricket. Tendulkar has consistently done well in Cricket World Cups. He was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5553067", "chunk_text": "\"Hanif Mohammad\"\nminutes(858) and the only player in test history to have spent over 800 minutes to score a test triple ton. In 1958–59, he surpassed Don Bradman's record for the highest individual first-class innings. Hanif made 499 for Karachi in a match against Bahawalpur before being run out attempting his five hundredth run; this stood for more than 35 years before being passed by Brian Lara in 1994. In all he made 55 first-class centuries and finished with a strong first-class career average of 52.32. He could bowl with either arm, and kept wicket on a number of occasions. He is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16951010", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Stokes\"\nBen Stokes Benjamin Andrew Stokes (born 4 June 1991) is an English international cricketer and former vice-captain of the England Test team. Born in Christchurch, New Zealand, Stokes moved to northern England at the age of 12, where he learnt the game and began playing club cricket for local teams. He is an all-rounder who bowls right-arm fast-medium pace, and bats left-handed. An attacking middle-order batsman, he holds the record for England's fastest ever Test double-century, the fastest ever Test match 250, and the highest ever score for a Test batsman batting at number six. He also holds the record", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13636135", "chunk_text": "\"Brendon McCullum\"\nBrendon McCullum Brendon Barrie \"\"Baz\"\" McCullum, (born 27 September 1981) is a New Zealand former international cricketer, who played all formats, and also a former captain in all forms. McCullum took quick scoring to Test matches as well, notably recording the fastest test century of all time. He is considered as one of the most successful batsmen and captains of New Zealand cricket. McCullum is the former leading run scorer in Twenty20 International cricket and is the first and so far only one of the two players to have scored two Twenty20 International centuries and 2000 runs in T20 Internationals(apart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7493379", "chunk_text": "\"Younis Khan\"\nYounis Khan Mohammad Younis Khan (, Urdu: ) (born 29 November 1977) is a former Pakistani cricketer and former captain of the Pakistan national cricket team in all three formats of the game. Regarded as one of the greatest batsmen to play for Pakistan, he is the only Test cricketer in the history to score a century in all 11 countries that have hosted Test matches. Younis holds the record for the most runs and the most centuries scored by a Pakistani in Test cricket history. and is the third Pakistani player to score 300 or more runs in an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17516384", "chunk_text": "\"Viv Richards\"\nof the conditions in which he played cricket in Antigua as a child, explains how this technique came to be. Richards remains one of only four non-English cricketers to have scored 100 first-class centuries, the others being Australian Donald Bradman, New Zealander Glenn Turner and Pakistani Zaheer Abbas. He was chosen as a \"\"Wisden Cricketer of the Year\"\" for 1977. In 2000, Richards was named by a 100-member panel of experts one of the five \"\"Wisden Cricketers of the Century\"\". He received 25 votes, behind Sir Donald Bradman (100 votes), Sir Garfield Sobers (90 votes), Sir Jack Hobbs (30 votes)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3991536", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Hobbs\"\nJack Hobbs Sir John Berry Hobbs (16 December 1882 – 21 December 1963), always known as Jack Hobbs, was an English professional cricketer who played for Surrey from 1905 to 1934 and for England in 61 Test matches between 1908 and 1930. Known as \"\"The Master\"\", he is regarded by critics as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket. He is the leading run-scorer and century-maker in first-class cricket, with 61,760 runs and 199 centuries. A right-handed batsman and an occasional right-arm medium pace bowler, Hobbs also excelled as a fielder, particularly in the position of cover", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10993662", "chunk_text": "\"Maninder Singh (cricketer)\"\nManinder Singh (cricketer) Maninder Singh (born 13 June 1965, in Pune, India) is a former international cricket player who represented India in 35 Test matches and 59 One Day Internationals. Singh holds the Test record for the most tests in a complete career without aggregating 100 runs. With his slow left-arm orthodox spin, Maninder was considered as an heir to Bishan Singh Bedi, who then held the record as India's leading spinner in terms of wickets. Maninder Singh has the most phenomenal bowling records in international cricket and retired prematurely due to personal reasons. Maninder Singh began his career playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6774210", "chunk_text": "\"Polly Umrigar\"\nPolly Umrigar Pahlan Ratanji \"\"Polly\"\" Umrigar (28 March 1926 – 7 November 2006) was an Indian cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Bombay and Gujarat, and Test cricket in the Indian cricket team, mainly as a middle-order batsman but also bowling occasional medium pace and off spin. He captained the Indian team in eight Test matches from 1955 to 1958. When he retired in 1962, he had played in more Tests (59), scored more Test runs (3,631), and recorded more Test centuries (12), than any other Indian player. He scored the first double century by an Indian in Test cricket", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17228174", "chunk_text": "\"Vinod Kambli\"\nVinod Kambli Vinod Ganpat Kambli (; born 18 January 1972) is a former Indian cricketer, who played for India as a middle order batsman, as well as for Mumbai and Boland, South Africa. He is the first man to score a century in a One-day International on his birthday. Despite having the highest career batting average for an Indian test cricketer of 54 he played his last Test when he was just 23 years. He was not even considered for Test cricket and only considered for one day cricket. Currently he appears as a cricket expert and commentator on various", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16311357", "chunk_text": "\"Allan Border\"\nAllan Border Allan Robert Border AO (born 27 July 1955) is a former Australian international cricketer. A batsman, Border was for many years the captain of the Australian team. His playing nickname was \"\"A.B.\"\". He played 156 Test matches in his career, a record until it was passed by fellow Australian Steve Waugh. Border formerly held the world record for the number of consecutive Test appearances of 153, before it was surpassed in June 2018 by Alastair Cook, and is second on the list of number of Tests as captain. He was primarily a left hand batsman, but also had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16651862", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Sinclair\"\nappearance in association football, thus representing his country at three sports. He shares this distinction with his contemporary Percy Sherwell (cricket, association football and tennis). Jimmy Sinclair James Hugh Sinclair (16 October 1876 – 23 February 1913) was a South African cricketer who played in 25 Tests from 1896 to 1911. He scored South Africa's first three Test centuries and was the first person from any country to score a century and take five wickets in an innings in the same Test. He is one of the fastest-scoring Test batsmen of all. Jimmy Sinclair stood six feet four inches tall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13201104", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Guptill\"\nhis team finishing second to Australia. On 10 December 2015, Guptill scored his first test century in 4 years against Sri Lanka in Dunedin, in which he scored 7 ODI centuries in that span, and he took 70 innings (32 matches) to score 2000 Test runs, which is the fifth slowest New Zealand batsman to reach that mark (Vettori, Hadlee, Parore, Rutherford and Cairns). On 28 December 2015, Guptill scored the fastest half century by a New Zealander (17 balls), which is joint second all time, one ball behind AB de Villiers, as well as scoring 87 in the first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8899896", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Voges\"\nThis was also his second century against West Indies. At the age of 36 and 68 days, the Western Australian is the fourth-oldest Australian to achieve the feat behind Test greats Sir Donald Bradman, Allan Border and Ricky Ponting. Jack Ryder is the only other Australian to have posted a Test double ton beyond the age of 35. This also makes him the oldest Australian to join the list of test double-centurions, the other three having each scored double-tons in younger years. The 449-run partnership between Voges and Shaun Marsh in this match is the highest 4th wicket partnership in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20674039", "chunk_text": "\"Viv Richards\"\nIn December 2002, he was chosen by \"\"Wisden\"\" as the greatest ODI batsman of all time, as well as the third greatest Test batsman of all time, after Sir Don Bradman and Sachin Tendulkar. His consistent batting ability is highly regarded; he is the first cricketer in ODI history to achieve 20 Man of the Match awards. Overall, Richards scored 8,540 runs in 121 Test matches at an average of 50.23, including 24 centuries. As a captain, he won 27 of 50 Test matches and lost only 8. He also scored nearly 7,000 runs in One Day Internationals and more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15072550", "chunk_text": "\"Second Test, 2000–01 Border–Gavaskar Trophy\"\nwhat was, at that time, the highest individual score by an Indian (later to be surpassed by Virender Sehwag's two triple centuries). It is widely considered to be the greatest test match in cricket history. Steve Waugh won the toss and decided to bat first. Michael Slater and Matthew Hayden gave the visitors a strong foundation putting on 103 for the opening wicket. Slater was dismissed by Zaheer Khan but Hayden, given a life on 67 when he sliced a drive to Rahul Dravid off Zaheer continued to score freely. He added another 90 runs with Justin Langer to take", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9312719", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Astle\"\nNathan Astle Nathan John Astle (born 15 September 1971) is a former New Zealand cricketer, who played all formats of the game. A right handed batsman who played as an opener in One Day Internationals (ODI), while batting in the middle order in Test matches. In a career that spanned 12 years, Astle played 81 Tests and 223 ODIs accumulating 4,702 and 7,090 runs respectively. As of 2013, he is New Zealand's second-most prolific run scorer. Astle collected 154 wickets with his medium-paced bowling at the international level. He holds two records – scoring the fastest double century in Test", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16231685", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Hayden\"\nat Perth due to hamstring soreness, in which India defeated Australia to break the journey of Australia's consecutive 16 test victories. In the fourth test against India at Adelaide, Hayden scored 30th test century (103) in his 94th test match, to surpass Donald Bradman's haul. With this knock, Hayden took his career aggregate to 8,242, scored at an average of 53.51. He has also scored 27 half-centuries in 94 Tests. Hayden became the third Australian, after Donald Bradman (four centuries in five Tests in 1947–48) and David Boon (three tons in five Tests in 1991–92) to register three or more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17053572", "chunk_text": "\"Graeme Wood (cricketer)\"\nGraeme Wood (cricketer) Graeme Malcolm Wood (born 6 November 1956 in East Fremantle, Western Australia) is a former Australian cricketer who played in 59 Tests and 83 ODIs from 1978 to 1989. He scored nine Test centuries in his career, which was a West Australian record until 2001–02 when it was surpassed by Justin Langer. His Test debut came against India as a 21-year-old in 1978. He got his place in the side due to several of Australia's best players defecting to World Series Cricket. Later in the year he toured the West Indies and scored a century in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15397724", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Lara\"\nhaving scored 375 against England in 1994, a record that stood until Matthew Hayden's 380 against Zimbabwe in 2003. His 400 not out also made him the second player (after Donald Bradman) to score two Test triple-centuries, and the second (after Bill Ponsford) to score two first-class quadruple-centuries. He has scored nine double centuries in Test cricket, third after Bradman's twelve and Kumar Sangakkara's eleven. As a captain, he scored five double centuries, which is the highest by any one who is in charge. In 1995 Lara in the Test match away series against England, scored 3 hundreds in Three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15280845", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Root\"\n6 August 2015, Root became top ranked Test batsmen in the world for the first time aged 24. On 10 August 2015, he reached a Test batting rating of 917, his career high rating. In September 2018, West Indies legend Brian Lara, who was in New York as a part of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 Trophy Tour, picked Root as one of the best batsmen in the world, alongside Virat Kohli. , Root has scored 15 Test and 13 ODI centuries. Joe Root Joseph Edward Root (born 30 December 1990) is an English international cricketer who is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12208071", "chunk_text": "\"Everton Weekes\"\nhe scored a hundred, the second highest (after Vijay Hazare) for those who had scored five Test centuries. As of February 2009, Weekes' career Test batting average of 58.61 is the eighth highest of all players with 30 or more innings. An oddity of his career was the first innings bias averaging 71.44 compared with 36.64 in the second, and only one of his fifteen tons came in the second innings. The following table summarises the Test centuries scored by Everton Weekes. Everton Weekes Sir Everton DeCourcy Weekes, KCMG, GCM, OBE (born 26 February 1925) is a leading former West", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20674054", "chunk_text": "\"Viv Richards\"\nchosen the greatest ODI Batsman ever. Former cricketer Derek Pringle also rates Richards to be the best batsman ever in the history of Limited Overs Cricket. In his Test career, he scored 8,540 runs in 121 Test matches at an average of 50.23 (including 24 centuries). Richards also scored 5 centuries in World Series Cricket between 1977–79. These are not recognised by the ICC as \"\"official\"\" Test centuries. Richards won 27 of 50 matches as a Test captain, and lost only 8. He is also the scorer of the equal second fastest-ever Test century, from just 56 balls against England", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18901013", "chunk_text": "\"Anil Kumble\"\nAnil Kumble Anil Kumble ( born 17 October 1970) is a former Indian cricketer and a former captain of Tests and ODIs, who played Tests and ODIs for 18 years. A right-arm leg spin (leg break googly) bowler, he took 619 wickets in Test cricket and remains the third-highest wicket taker of all time (as of 2018, behind Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne). In 1999 while playing against Pakistan, Kumble dismissed all ten batsmen in a Test match innings, joining England’s Jim Laker as the only players to achieve the feat. Unlike his contemporaries, Kumble was not a big turner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2758550", "chunk_text": "\"Everton Weekes\"\nfollowed by 194 in the Second Test in Bombay and 162 and 101 in the Third Test in Calcutta. Weekes then made 90 in the Fourth Test in Madras, being controversially run out and 56 and 48 in the Fifth Test at Bombay. Weekes's five Test centuries in consecutive innings is a Test record, passing the record previously held by Jack Fingleton and Alan Melville as was his achievement of seven Test half centuries in consecutive innings, passing the record previously jointly held by Jack Ryder, Patsy Hendren, George Headley and Melville. (Andy Flower and Shivnarine Chanderpaul have since equalled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16262402", "chunk_text": "\"Brendon McCullum\"\nthe 2011 Christchurch earthquake. He hit his 102nd career six to surpass Adam Gilchrist as the most prolific six-hitter in test cricket. He went on to score a century off 54 balls, beating joint record by West Indian Viv Richard and Pakistani Misbah-ul-Haq's record for the fastest test century by 2 balls. He also became the second player since Jason Gillespie to score a hundred or more in his final test. McCullum also recorded the highest (170) runs scorer by the captain in farewell test and 1st captain to score a ton in farewell test. He also took four catches", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20405463", "chunk_text": "\"1950–51 Ashes series\"\nof his Test career as he laid his reputation as \"\"Bedser's Bunny\"\" to rest. He made 206 out of Australia's 371 before he was the last man out, spending 7 hours and 42 minutes at the crease and striking 23 boundaries in the process. He passed 2,000 runs in Tests and made his seventh Ashes century in four years, overtaking Victor Trumper and Bill Woodfull placing him behind only Sir Donald Bradman on the list of Australian century-makers against England. No other Australian batsman made 50, but he added 95 runs for the second wicket with Lindsay Hassett (43), 110", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16262412", "chunk_text": "\"Brendon McCullum\"\nit raised US$10m from Singapore private equity firm Tembusu Partners to expand globally. In May 2018, he briefly returned to rugby for a month, a game he hasn't played since starting over Dan Carter in high school before retiring, citing diminishing knowledge of the game, and rugby fitness. Brendon McCullum Brendon Barrie \"\"Baz\"\" McCullum, (born 27 September 1981) is a New Zealand former international cricketer, who played all formats, and also a former captain in all forms. McCullum took quick scoring to Test matches as well, notably recording the fastest test century of all time. He is considered as one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12845471", "chunk_text": "\"Colin Cowdrey\"\nHammond record. Cowdrey made 22 Test centuries (an England record until 2013) and was the first batsman to make centuries against the six other Test playing countries of his era; Australia, South Africa, the West Indies, New Zealand, India and Pakistan, making hundreds against them all both home and away. He toured Australia six times in 1954–55, 1958–59, 1962–63, 1965–66, 1970–71 and 1974–75, equalling Colin Blythe's record, and in his last Test fans hung out a banner 'M.C.G. FANS THANK COLIN – 6 TOURS'. In the First Test at Edgbaston in 1957 Cowdrey added 411 runs in 511 minutes with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11502693", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Waugh\"\nSteve Waugh Stephen Rodger Waugh, AO (born 2 June 1965) is a former Australian international cricketer and twin brother of cricketer Mark Waugh. A right-handed batsman, he was also a medium-pace bowler. As captain, he led Australia to fifteen of their record sixteen consecutive Test wins, and to victory in the 1999 Cricket World Cup. Born in New South Wales, with whom he began his first class cricket career in 1984, he captained the Australian Test cricket team from 1999 to 2004, and was the most capped Test cricket player in history, with 168 appearances, until Sachin Tendulkar of India", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12722991", "chunk_text": "\"Alan Melville\"\nEngland total, he scored yet another century, 117, to equal the record of four consecutive Test centuries set by Jack Fingleton in the 1930s. The record of four hundreds in consecutive Test innings was beaten a year later by Everton Weekes of the West Indies who achieved five centuries in a row; Melville's (and Fingleton's) record of four has since been equalled only by Rahul Dravid. The rest of the Lord's Test was less successful, however, and the South Africans lost the match after being forced to follow on, with Melville making just 8 in the second innings. The match", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15358545", "chunk_text": "\"Virender Sehwag\"\nof India, former Vice-Captain of India, former captain of Delhi Daredevils and former captain of Delhi Ranji Team. Sehwag holds multiple records including the highest score made by an Indian in Test cricket (319 against South Africa at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai), which was also the fastest triple century in the history of international cricket (reached 300 off only 278 balls) as well as the fastest 250 by any batsman (in 207 balls against Sri Lanka on 3 December 2009 at the Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai). Sehwag also holds the distinction of being one of four batsmen in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10688743", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Smith (cricketer)\"\nAs of April 2018, Smith has made a total of 37 first-class centuries, ten List A centuries and one T20 century. His best bowling figures of 64/7 were taken for New South Wales against South Australia in the Sheffield Shield. Steve Smith (cricketer) Steven Peter Devereux Smith (born 2 June 1989) is an Australian international cricketer and former captain of the Australian national team. On 30 December 2017, he reached a Test batting rating of 947, the second-highest of all time, only behind Don Bradman's 961. He was ranked top Test batsman in the world in 2015, 2016 and 2017,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10909849", "chunk_text": "\"Sid Barnes\"\nself-administered, the coroner could not \"\"determine intent\"\". Only six players with ten or more completed innings have achieved an end of career average in excess of 60. Barnes's 63.05 in 19 innings ranks him as number three in the history of Test cricket, behind Sir Donald Bradman (99.94, 80 innings) and Stewie Dempster (65.72, 15 innings). Barnes's short career was dominated by his monumental double hundred, but he was a consistent performer, as the chart (left) reveals. Age did not seem to diminish his abilities; in his last eight Test innings, aged 31–32, he passed 50 five times and scored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10934180", "chunk_text": "\"BJ Watling\"\nperformed credibly on New Zealand's home and away series against England, and then scored his second test century on New Zealand's 2013 tour of Bangladesh. On 16–17 February 2014 Watling scored 124 runs against India. His 352 run partnership with New Zealand captain Brendon McCullum was at the time the highest sixth wicket stand in test cricket history. The record was surpassed on 5–6 January 2015 by Watling and Kane Williamson with an unbroken 365 run partnership before a declaration against Sri Lanka at Wellington's Basin Reserve. Both players posted their highest test scores, with Williamson not out on 242", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1971150", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Simpson (cricketer)\"\nAustralia declared at 8/656. Simpson's 13-hour innings was the longest by an Australian at first-class level. He joined Don Bradman as the second Australian to have made a Test triple century in England. Bob Simpson became only the second man in cricket history to score a triple ton as his first Test century, the other being Sir Garfield Sobers. Later in December 2016, an Indian cricketer Karun Nair, joined this elite club when he scored 303 not out, as his maiden century against England at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai Simpson's safety-first approach was severely criticised. The \"\"Daily", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3241	when did the broncos win the super bowl?	n/a	[ "1998", "2015", "1997" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464770", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nHistory of the Denver Broncos The history of the Denver Broncos American football club began when the team was chartered a member of the American Football League in 1960. The Broncos have played in the city of Denver, Colorado throughout their entire history. The Broncos did not win any titles as members of the AFL. Since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, the Broncos have won 15 division titles, and played in eight Super Bowls, following the 1977, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1997, 1998, 2013, and 2015 seasons. They won Super Bowl XXXII, Super Bowl XXXIII and Super Bowl 50. Their most famous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464828", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nOakland Raiders. History of the Denver Broncos The history of the Denver Broncos American football club began when the team was chartered a member of the American Football League in 1960. The Broncos have played in the city of Denver, Colorado throughout their entire history. The Broncos did not win any titles as members of the AFL. Since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger, the Broncos have won 15 division titles, and played in eight Super Bowls, following the 1977, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1997, 1998, 2013, and 2015 seasons. They won Super Bowl XXXII, Super Bowl XXXIII and Super Bowl 50. Their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594365", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nto that, they played at Mile High Stadium from 1960 to 2000. The Broncos were barely competitive during their 10-year run in the AFL and their first seven years in the NFL. They did not complete a winning season until 1973. In 1977, four years later, they qualified for the playoffs for the first time in franchise history and advanced to Super Bowl XII. Since 1975, the Broncos have become one of the NFL's most successful teams, having suffered only seven losing seasons. They have won eight AFC Championships (, , , , , , , ), and three Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19411728", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nFollowing the win against the Jets, Elway took one final lap around the field in what would be his final game at Mile High Stadium. Two weeks later in the Super Bowl, Denver defeated the Falcons, led by former coach Dan Reeves, 34–19 to win Super Bowl XXXIII and defend their title. Elway, playing in his final NFL game, won the Super Bowl MVP award. Since Elway's retirement following the 1998 season, Denver has had only four losing seasons (1999, 2007, 2010 and 2017) and has made the playoffs as a wild card three times (in 2000, 2003 and 2004),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772795", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nthe AFC's No. 1 seed in 2013. In the 2013 playoffs, the Broncos defeated the San Diego Chargers in the Divisional round and the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship. However, the Broncos were soundly defeated by the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII by a score of 43–8, the Broncos' first Super Bowl berth since winning back-to-back Super Bowls in 1997 and 1998. Prior to the start of the 2014 season, the Broncos announced that Pat Bowlen, the team's owner since 1984, relinquished control of the team due to his battle with Alzheimer's disease, resulting in team president", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636858", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\nSuper Bowl XXXIII Super Bowl XXXIII was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1998 season. The Broncos defeated the Falcons by the score of 34–19, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1999, at Pro Player Stadium in Miami, Florida (now part of the suburb of Miami Gardens, which became a separate city in 2003). The defending Super Bowl champion Broncos entered the game with an AFC-best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397103", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nBowl championships ( (XXXII), (XXXIII), (50)). However, the Broncos share the NFL record for most Super Bowl losses (5) with the New England Patriots. They have eight players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame: John Elway, Floyd Little, Shannon Sharpe, Gary Zimmerman, Willie Brown, Tony Dorsett, Terrell Davis, and Brian Dawkins. The Denver Broncos were founded on August 14, 1959, when Minor League Baseball owner Bob Howsam was awarded an American Football League (AFL) charter franchise. The Broncos won the first-ever AFL game over the Boston Patriots 13–10, on September 9, 1960. On August 5, 1967, they became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11635760", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXIV\"\nSuper Bowl XXIV Super Bowl XXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1989 season. The game was played on January 28, 1990, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The 49ers defeated the Broncos by the score of 55–10, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl, and tying the Pittsburgh Steelers with four Super Bowl victories. San Francisco also became the first team to win back-to-back Super Bowls with two different head", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8767163", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl\"\nDenver Broncos to an upset victory over the defending champion Packers, snapping the NFC's 13-year winning streak. The following year, the Broncos defeated the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl XXXIII, Elway's fifth Super Bowl appearance, his second NFL championship, and his final NFL game. The back-to-back victories heralded a change in momentum in which AFC teams would win nine out of 12 Super Bowls. In the years between 1995 and 2016, five teams – the Steelers, New England Patriots, Broncos, Baltimore Ravens, and Indianapolis Colts – accounted for 20 of the 22 AFC Super Bowl appearances (including the last 14),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772803", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nwere members of the AFC West from 1977 to 2001, prior to the Seahawks' move to the NFC West as part of the NFL's re-alignment. During the 25 years in which the Seahawks resided in the AFC West, the Broncos went 32–18 against the Seahawks, including a loss at Seattle in the 1983 NFL playoffs. Since 2002, the Broncos have won three of five interconference meetings, and the two teams met in Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014, with the Seahawks winning by a score of 43–8. Aside from the aforementioned AFC West teams, the Broncos have had intra-conference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636822", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXII\"\nreturned for touchdowns. The Broncos entered Super Bowl XXXII after suffering four Super Bowl losses: Super Bowls XII, XXI, XXII, and XXIV from 1978, 1987, 1988, and 1990, respectively. In all of those losses, the Broncos never had the ability to rush well enough or score enough points to be competitive. Denver had been defeated by a large margin in each one, losing all four by a combined scoring margin of 163–50. The previous three Super Bowl losses were under starting quarterback John Elway, whose ad-libbing skills enabled the Broncos to advance to the league's championship game in a span", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594373", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\novercoming a severe migraine headache that caused him blurred vision. The Broncos repeated as Super Bowl champions the following season, defeating the Atlanta Falcons (led by Elway's longtime head coach Dan Reeves) in Super Bowl XXXIII, 34–19. Elway was named Super Bowl MVP, completing 18 of 29 passes for 336 yards, with an 80-yard touchdown to wide receiver Rod Smith and one interception. John Elway retired following the 1998 season, and Brian Griese started at quarterback for the next four seasons. After a 6–10 record in 1999, the Broncos recovered in 2000, earning a Wild Card playoff berth, but losing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14216854", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXII\"\nSuper Bowl XXII Super Bowl XXII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Washington Redskins and American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1987 season. The Redskins defeated the Broncos by the score of 42–10, winning their second Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1988 at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego, the first time that the Super Bowl was played in that city. This Super Bowl came at the end of a season that was shortened by a players' strike. Each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20470458", "chunk_text": "\"Broncos Stadium at Mile High\"\nin double overtime. On October 29, 2007, a record crowd of 77,160 watched the Broncos lose to the Green Bay Packers 19–13 on Monday Night Football on the first play from scrimmage in overtime. On November 26, 2009, it hosted its first Thanksgiving game, when the Broncos took on the Giants. The game was televised on NFL Network, which the Broncos won by a final score of 26–6. On January 19, 2014, the Broncos defeated the Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, 26–16 in front of 77,110 fans in attendance, advancing to their first Super Bowl since they began play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12812082", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXI\"\nSuper Bowl XXI Super Bowl XXI was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion New York Giants to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1986 season. The Giants defeated the Broncos by the score of 39–20, winning their first ever Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1956. The game was played on January 25, 1987, at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. This was the Broncos' first Super Bowl appearance since the 1977 season. Led largely through the play of quarterback John", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772807", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nBowl 50. The Broncos and Patriots met twice annually during the American Football League (AFL) years from 1960 to 1969, and played in the first-ever AFL game on September 9, 1960. Since , the two teams have met frequently during the regular season, including nine consecutive seasons from 1995 to 2003. As of the end of the season, the two teams have met in the playoffs five times, with the Broncos owning a 4–1 record. The teams' first playoff match on January 4, 1987 was John Elway's first career playoff win, while the teams' second playoff match on January 14,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3187771", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nKansas City Chiefs, Los Angeles Chargers and Oakland Raiders. All teams, along with the Broncos, were charter members of the American Football League (AFL), with each team placed in the AFL Western Division. The Broncos were barely competitive during the AFL years (1960–69), going a combined 10–49–1 against the Chiefs, Chargers and Raiders. The Broncos have had several memorable matchups with the Chiefs, particularly during the years in which John Elway was the Broncos' starting quarterback (1983–98). The Broncos defeated the Chiefs at Arrowhead Stadium in the divisional round of the 1997 NFL playoffs, en route to their first Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397135", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nblue jerseys. The team initially did not wear the white pants with the orange side stripes, until a November 1, 2015 game vs. the Green Bay Packers, in which the Broncos wore said design in order to match the uniform ensemble that was used during the team's Super Bowl XXXII win over the Packers. As the designated home team in Super Bowl 50, the Broncos — who have an 0–4 Super Bowl record when using their standard orange jerseys — chose to wear their white jerseys as the designated \"\"home\"\" team. In , the Broncos' unveiled a new \"\"Color Rush\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14733390", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XLVIII\"\nSuper Bowl XLVIII Super Bowl XLVIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and National Football Conference (NFC) champion Seattle Seahawks to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2013 season. The Seahawks defeated the Broncos 43–8, the largest margin of victory for an underdog and tied for the third largest point differential overall (35) in Super Bowl history with Super Bowl XXVII (1993). It was the first time the winning team scored over 40 points, while holding their opponent to under 10. This became the first Super Bowl victory for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14295276", "chunk_text": "\"1997 Denver Broncos season\"\n1997 Denver Broncos season The 1997 Denver Broncos season was the team's 38th, and 28th in the National Football League (NFL). The Broncos finished the season with a record of 12–4, finishing second in the AFC West, and winning Super Bowl XXXII. The Broncos were the second team since the 1970 merger to win a Super Bowl (Oakland Raiders won in 1980) as a Wild Card team; the Kansas City Chiefs were an AFL wild card entrant who won the pre-merger Super Bowl IV in 1969. The 1997 season saw the new addition of the Denver Broncos' newest wordmark and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220337", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXII\"\nSuper Bowl XXXII Super Bowl XXXII was an American football game played between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1997 season. The Broncos defeated the Packers by the score of 31–24. The game was played on January 25, 1998 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, the second time that the Super Bowl was held in that city. Super Bowl XXXII also made Qualcomm Stadium the only stadium in history to have the Super Bowl and the World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397131", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nso that the horse was coming out of a \"\"D.\"\" Additionally, the helmets were changed to royal blue, with thin stripes placed onto the sleeves, and other minor modifications were added. From 1969 to 1971, and again from 1978 to 1979, the team wore orange pants with their white jerseys. The Broncos wore their white jerseys at home throughout the season, as well as for home games vs. the San Diego Chargers and Dallas Cowboys, the latter in hopes to bring out the \"\"blue jersey jinx\"\" which has followed the Cowboys for decades (it worked, the Broncos won 41–20). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19411729", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nand as a division champion six times (2005, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 ). The Broncos only won 3 playoff games from 1999 to 2012. Since 2012 and the signing of free agent Peyton Manning, they have won four playoff games, including the 2013 and 2015 AFC Championship Games. Edgar Kaiser, Jr. sued Pat Bowlen, claiming that the 1984 sale of his shares in the team included an agreement which he contended granted him right of first purchase of any sale of shares in the team. Kaiser claimed Bowlen violated this agreement by offering Elway a 10% stake of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2240320", "chunk_text": "\"Sports in Denver\"\ngame (except for strike-replacement games) since 1970. The Broncos last championship was in 2016, winning Super Bowl 50 against the Carolina Panthers. In total, the Broncos have advanced to the Super Bowl eight times and won back-to-back titles in 1998 and 1999, and again in 2015. In the 1980s and 90s, one of the top priorities of former Mayor Federico Peña was bringing Major League Baseball to the city. In 1993, the MLB awarded an expansion team to Denver and they were named the Colorado Rockies. Mile High Stadium was home to the Rockies from 1993 to 1995 while Coors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397106", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nwinning seasons, still missed the playoffs. Following the season, several prominent players publicly voiced their discontent with Ralston, which soon led to his resignation. Red Miller, a long-time assistant coach was hired and along with the Orange Crush Defense (a nickname originated in 1977, also the brand of the popular orange-flavored soft drink) and aging quarterback Craig Morton, took the Broncos to what was then a record-setting 12–2 regular season record and their first playoff appearance in 1977, and ultimately first Super Bowl, in which they were defeated by the Dallas Cowboys (Morton's former team), 27–10. In 1981, Broncos' owner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594364", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nDenver Broncos The Denver Broncos are a professional American football franchise based in Denver, Colorado. The Broncos compete as a member club of the National Football League (NFL)'s American Football Conference (AFC) West division. They began play in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) and joined the NFL as part of the merger in 1970. The Broncos are owned by the Pat Bowlen trust and currently play home games at Broncos Stadium at Mile High (formerly known as Invesco Field at Mile High from 2001–2010 and Sports Authority Field at Mile High from 2011–2017). Prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19411719", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nthe New York Yankees to play center field) unless he was traded to one of a selected list of other teams, which included Denver. During the 23 seasons prior to Elway's arrival, Denver used over 24 starting quarterbacks. Under Elway and head coach Dan Reeves (hired in 1981), the Broncos became one of the most dominant AFC teams of the 1980s, winning 3 AFC championships (1986, 1987, 1989), with Elway winning the NFL MVP Award in 1987. The first two Super Bowl appearances were preceded by storied victories over the Cleveland Browns in the AFC Championship game, each acquiring its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594370", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\ndivisional titles, three AFC championships and three Super Bowl appearances (Super Bowl XXI, XXII and XXIV) during their 12-year span together. The Broncos lost Super Bowl XXI to the New York Giants, 39–20; Super Bowl XXII to the Washington Redskins, 42–10; and Super Bowl XXIV to the San Francisco 49ers, 55–10; the latter score remains the most lopsided scoring differential in Super Bowl history. The last year of the Reeves-Elway era were marked by feuding, due to Reeves taking on play-calling duties after ousting Elway's favorite offensive coordinator Mike Shanahan after the 1991 season, as well as Reeves drafting quarterback", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636896", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXIII\"\nnumber of attempts to be recognized. The minimums are shown (in parenthesis). Source: Prior to the start of the 1998 NFL season, the league swapped position titles with the field judge and back judge. Super Bowl XXXIII Super Bowl XXXIII was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Atlanta Falcons to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1998 season. The Broncos defeated the Falcons by the score of 34–19, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl. The game was played on January 31, 1999,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9679340", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nBroncos' 20–18 win in the 2015 AFC Championship. When the Broncos debuted in , their original uniforms drew as much attention as their play on the field. They featured white and mustard yellow jerseys, with contrasting brown helmets, brown pants and vertically striped socks. Two years later, the team unveiled a new logo featuring a bucking horse, and changed their team colors to orange, royal blue and white. The uniform consisted of white pants, orange helmets, and either orange or white jerseys. In , the Broncos debuted a design that became known as the \"\"Orange Crush.\"\" Their logo was redesigned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594385", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nBowl victory. The Chiefs currently hold a 63–55 series lead over the Broncos, including the aforementioned 1997 divisional playoff game. The rivalry with the Raiders was ignited in , when the Broncos advanced to their first Super Bowl by defeating the defending champion Raiders in the 1977 AFC Championship. The rivalry intensified in the mid-1990s, when Mike Shanahan was hired as the Broncos' head coach in 1995. Shanahan coached the Raiders in before being fired four games into the season. The Raiders currently hold a 63–53–2 series lead over the Broncos, including 1–1 in the playoffs. Unlike their records against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397141", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nfinished before kickoff of the 2013 season. The Denver Broncos announced the club's 50th anniversary team on September 15, 2009. The anniversary team was voted on by users at DenverBroncos.com from June 6 – September 4, 2009. † Note: No. 18 was re-issued for Peyton Manning after Tripucka gave his approval; it was used by Manning from the 2012 season until his retirement after the 2015 season. Manning's name was added to the retired number's banner as an honorable mention. The Broncos have a Ring of Fame on the Level 5 façade of Broncos Stadium at Mile High, which honors", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397136", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nuniform, which the team wore for a \"\"Thursday Night\"\" game at the San Diego Chargers on October 13, 2016. The uniform kit contained the following features: orange pants, which the team wore for the first time since 1979, orange socks and shoes, along with block-style numerals trimmed in navy blue that mirrored the team's 1968–1996 uniform style. Due to the NFL's one-helmet rule implemented in 2013, the helmets remained the same, with the team temporarily replacing the modern primary logo with the throwback \"\"D-horse\"\" logo. The same uniform was used for a Thursday Night game against the Indianapolis Colts during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772798", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nNo. 1 in the NFL during the 2015 season. The Broncos finished with a 12–4 record and the AFC's No. 1 seed, despite Peyton Manning having his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in and backup quarterback Brock Osweiler starting the last six games of the regular season due to Manning suffering from a foot injury. Manning led the Broncos throughout the playoffs. The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 23–16 in the Divisional Round, the New England Patriots 20–18 in the AFC Championship, and defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 in Super Bowl 50—the Broncos' third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8208409", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl 50\"\nSuper Bowl 50 Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champions Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champions Carolina Panthers, 24–10. The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California (located in the San Francisco Bay Area). As this was the 50th Super Bowl game, the league emphasized the \"\"golden anniversary\"\" with various gold-themed initiatives during the 2015 season, as well as suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594396", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nas one of the eight original American Football League teams, the Broncos wore their 1960 throwback uniforms (brown helmets, mustard yellow and brown jerseys) for games against two fellow AFL rivals—a Week 5 home game vs. the New England Patriots, as well as the following week at the San Diego Chargers. Beginning in , the orange jerseys that served as the alternate colored jerseys from 2002 to 2011 became the primary home jersey, while the navy blue jerseys that served as the primary home jersey from 1997 to 2011 switched to alternate designation. The change was made due to overwhelming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8397125", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nrivalries over the years with the Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots. The Broncos had a brief rivalry with the Browns that arose from three AFC championship matches in 1986, 1987 and 1989. In the , quarterback John Elway led \"\"The Drive\"\" to secure a tie in the waning moments at Cleveland Municipal Stadium; the Broncos went on to win in 23–20 in overtime. One year later, the two teams met again in the at Mile High Stadium. Denver took a 21–3 lead, but Browns' quarterback Bernie Kosar threw four touchdown passes to tie the game at 31–31", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594383", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nto the start of the season. The Broncos finished the season 9–7 and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2010. On January 2, 2017, coach Gary Kubiak announced his retirement, citing health as the main reason for retiring. The Broncos later hired Vance Joseph as head coach on January 11, 2017. The Broncos have since entered the era of their dominant defense consisting of the Ground Control, and the No Fly Zone. The Broncos finished 5–11 in 2017 due to a poor offense, and signed quarterback Case Keenum in 2018. The Denver Broncos have three AFC West rivals—the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772789", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nthe defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots, 27–13, denying New England from becoming the first NFL team ever to win three consecutive Super Bowl championships. The Broncos' playoff run came to an end next week, after losing at home to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship game, 34–17. The Steelers went on to win Super Bowl XL. The Broncos' defense began the first five games of the 2006 season allowing only one touchdown—an NFL record, but struggled down the season stretch. Plummer led the team to a 7–2 record, only to struggle and be replaced by rookie quarterback", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9679336", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nEight years later, the Steelers returned the favor at INVESCO Field at Mile High, defeating the Broncos 34–17 in the , and subsequently won Super Bowl XL. In the Wild Card round of the 2011 playoffs, in a game dubbed \"\"The 3:16 game\"\", the Broncos stunned the Steelers 29–23 on the first play of overtime, when quarterback Tim Tebow connected with wide receiver Demaryius Thomas on an 80-yard game-winning touchdown pass. The teams met again in the Divisional round of the 2015 playoffs at Denver, where the Broncos defeated the Steelers 23–16 on their way to a victory in Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11636857", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XXXII\"\nreference.com game summary. Source: Super Bowl XXXII Super Bowl XXXII was an American football game played between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1997 season. The Broncos defeated the Packers by the score of 31–24. The game was played on January 25, 1998 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California, the second time that the Super Bowl was held in that city. Super Bowl XXXII also made Qualcomm Stadium the only stadium in history to have the Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594372", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nmost of the teams that year. The fifth-seeded Jacksonville Jaguars, however, upset the Broncos 30–27 in the divisional round of the playoffs, ending the Broncos' 1996 run. During the 1997 season, Elway and Davis helped guide the Broncos to their first Super Bowl victory, a 31–24 win over the defending champion Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XXXII. Though Elway completed only 13 of 22 passes, throwing one interception and no touchdowns (he did, however, have a rushing touchdown), Davis rushed for 157 yards and a Super Bowl–record three touchdowns to earn the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award—this while", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18774658", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nseason in 1977. The team won the division with a 12–2 record, beating an injury-rattled Steelers team 34–21. In the conference championship, they faced their division rival and defending Super Bowl champion Raiders, winning a close game 20–17 and sending them to Super Bowl XII. Facing the Cowboys in the New Orleans Superdome, the Broncos played sloppily the entire game, turning the ball over eight times. They were crushed 27–10 by the Cowboys. Despite the disappointing loss to Dallas, their season catapulted the franchise out of the basement and they since have enjoyed four decades of consistency that few teams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19411720", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Denver Broncos\"\nown nickname: The Drive in 1987, in which the Broncos drove 98 yards to score a late game-tying touchdown, and The Fumble in 1988, in which Brown Earnest Byner lost the ball and a game-tying touchdown late in the game. However, the Broncos lost all three Super Bowls during this period by at least three touchdowns. In fact, Super Bowl XXIV against the San Francisco 49ers was the most lopsided Super Bowl in NFL history. During the 1980s, the Broncos played in at least two storied \"\"Monday Night Football\"\" games. On October 15, 1984, the Broncos played a famed game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1594382", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nSuper Bowl title. On March 7, 2016, quarterback Peyton Manning retired after 18 NFL seasons during a press conference at the team's Dove Valley headquarters. Following Manning's retirement, the Broncos have undergone changes at the quarterback position, including the free agent departure of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler to the Houston Texans, the trade acquisition of Mark Sanchez from the Philadelphia Eagles and the selection of Paxton Lynch during the 2016 draft. Sanchez, Lynch and second-year quarterback Trevor Siemian competed for the starting quarterback spot during the off-season and preseason; however, Sanchez was released and Siemian was named the starter prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15441328", "chunk_text": "\"John Elway\"\nagainst the Cleveland Browns. The moment is known in National Football League lore as \"\"\"\"The Drive.\"\"\"\" Following that game in Cleveland, Elway and the Broncos lost in Super Bowl XXI to the New York Giants. After two more Super Bowl losses, the Broncos entered a period of decline; however, that ended during the 1997 season, as Elway and Denver won their first Super Bowl title by defeating the Green Bay Packers 31–24 in Super Bowl XXXII. The Broncos repeated as champions the following season in Super Bowl XXXIII by defeating the Atlanta Falcons 34–19. Elway was voted MVP of that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8810354", "chunk_text": "\"Super Bowl XII\"\nSuper Bowl XII Super Bowl XII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1977 season. The Cowboys defeated the Broncos 27–10 to win their second Super Bowl. The game was played on January 15, 1978, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. This was the first time that the Super Bowl was played in a domed stadium, and the first time that the game was played in prime time in the Eastern United States.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3559319", "chunk_text": "\"1998 Denver Broncos season\"\nSuper Bowl. He finished his Broncos career with 51,475 yards passing and 300 touchdowns. Until Peyton Manning won in Super Bowl 50, Elway stood as the only Broncos quarterback to win a Super Bowl. However, Elway even played a large role in that victory as the general manager and president of football operations for the Broncos. Running back Terrell Davis set a team single season rushing mark. His final total was 2,008 yards, making him only the fourth player to rush for over 2,000 yards in single season. In 2007, the 1998 Broncos were ranked as the 12th greatest Super", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11461988", "chunk_text": "\"2015 Denver Broncos season\"\nthree playoff games, they recorded 14 sacks, forced seven turnovers, surrendered only one touchdown pass and gave up just 44 combined points (an average of just 14.7 points a game). The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 23–16 in the Divisional round and the defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots 20–18 in the AFC Championship Game. The Broncos then defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 in Super Bowl 50 — the franchise's third Super Bowl championship, and the first since winning back-to-back Super Bowls in 1997 and 1998. On January 12, 2015, one day after the Broncos' 24–13 loss to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11772814", "chunk_text": "\"Denver Broncos\"\nin the 2002 and seasons, and were used twice per season from 2008 to 2011. Mike Shanahan, the team's head coach from 1995 to 2008, was not a big fan of the alternate orange jerseys. The Broncos previously wore orange jerseys as a throwback uniform in a Thanksgiving Day game at the Dallas Cowboys in . The team also introduced navy blue pants in , with orange side streaks to match with the navy blue jerseys. Though they were part of the uniform change in 1997 (in fact, they were worn for a couple of 1997 preseason games) and most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3242	what awards did the curious case of benjamin button win?	n/a	[ "Best Makeup", "Best Visual Effects", "Best Art Direction" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827358", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nAcademy Awards the film won in three categories: \"\"Best Achievement in Art Direction\"\", \"\"Best Achievement in Makeup\"\", and \"\"Best Achievement in Visual Effects\"\". It was also nominated in ten other categories: \"\"Best Motion Picture of the Year\"\", \"\"Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role\"\", \"\"Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role\"\", \"\"Best Achievement in Directing\"\", \"\"Best Writing, Adapted Screenplay\"\", \"\"Best Achievement in Cinematography\"\", \"\"Best Achievement in Film Editing\"\", \"\"Best Achievement in Costume Design\"\", \"\"Best Achievement in Music Written for Motion Pictures, Original Score\"\", and \"\"Best Achievement in Sound Mixing\"\". Taraji P. Henson won \"\"Best Actress\"\" at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827359", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nthe \"\"BET Awards\"\" for her role in the film combined with two other performances in \"\"Not Easily Broken\"\", and \"\"The Family That Preys\"\". The film won all four awards it was nominated for at the 7th Visual Effects Society Awards, the categories of \"\"Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects-Driven Feature Motion Picture,\"\" \"\"Best Single Visual Effect of the Year,\"\" \"\"Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture,\"\" and \"\"Outstanding Compositing in a Feature Motion Picture.\"\" \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" was originally slated for theatrical release in May 2008, but it was pushed back to November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827336", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nThe Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama film directed by David Fincher. The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse and Cate Blanchett as the love interest throughout his life. The film was released in North America on December 25, 2008 to positive reviews. The film received thirteen Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Fincher, Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17726518", "chunk_text": "\"Victor J. Zolfo\"\na publishing house in New York City. After Zolfo went to college, he worked as a set dresser in theater. He assisted set decorators in several films before entering the mainstream as a set decorator for \"\"Godzilla\"\". Victor J. Zolfo Victor J. Zolfo is a set decorator who has worked in the film industry since the late 1980s. Zolfo won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction and the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design for the 2008 film \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", sharing the awards for the film with art director and production designer Donald Graham Burt.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17258545", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Barba\"\nwell as directing commercials himself for Nike, American Express, and Honda. He won at the 81st Academy Awards for the film \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", in the category of Best Visual Effects. He shared his Oscar with Craig Barron, Burt Dalton and Steve Preeg. In 2013, Barba was promoted to Chief Creative Office/Senior Visual Effects Supervisor at Digital Domain 3.0, the latest iteration of the visual effects studio. Barba continued to oversee the company's Los Angeles studio until leaving Digital Domain to operate as a freelance visual effects supervisor in 2015. Eric Barba Eric Barba is a visual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3207688", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\ndomestically and $206.4 million in foreign markets, with a total gross of $333.9 million. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 72% of critics gave the film positive reviews based on 238 reviews. Consensus reads: \"\"Curious Case of Benjamin Button is an epic fantasy tale with rich storytelling backed by fantastic performances.\"\" According to Metacritic, the film received an average score of 70 out of 100, based on 37 reviews. Yahoo! Movies reported the film received a B+ average score from critical consensus, based on 12 reviews. Todd McCarthy of \"\"Variety\"\" magazine gave the film a positive review, calling it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17935140", "chunk_text": "\"81st Academy Awards\"\nshow for the first time. Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on February 7, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Biel. \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" won eight awards, the most of the evening, including Best Picture and Best Director for Danny Boyle. Other winners were \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" with three awards, \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" and \"\"Milk\"\" with two awards, and \"\"Departures\"\", \"\"The Duchess\"\", \"\"La Maison en Petits Cubes\"\", \"\"Man on Wire\"\", \"\"The Reader\"\", \"\"Smile Pinki\"\", \"\"Toyland\"\", \"\"Vicky Cristina Barcelona\"\", and \"\"WALL-E\"\" with one. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18344594", "chunk_text": "\"81st Academy Awards\"\ntelecast garnered almost 37 million viewers in the United States. The nominees for the 81st Academy Awards were announced on January 22, 2009, at 5:38 p.m. PST (13:38 UTC) at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Sid Ganis, president of the Academy, and the actor Forest Whitaker. \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" received the most nominations with thirteen (the ninth film to garner that many nominations); \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" came in second with ten. The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 22, 2009. \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" was the eleventh film, and last to date, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4026022", "chunk_text": "\"Angus Wall\"\nAngus Wall Angus Alexander Wall (born March 15, 1967) is a film editor and film title designer. He and fellow film editor Kirk Baxter won the Academy Award for Best Film Editing for the David Fincher film \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010) and again the next year for \"\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\"\" (2011). Additionally, he and Baxter were nominated the Academy Award for Best Film Editing, the BAFTA Award for Best Editing, and the American Cinema Editors Eddie Award for the 2008 film \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", also directed by David Fincher. Wall's title design work on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17726517", "chunk_text": "\"Victor J. Zolfo\"\nVictor J. Zolfo Victor J. Zolfo is a set decorator who has worked in the film industry since the late 1980s. Zolfo won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction and the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design for the 2008 film \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", sharing the awards for the film with art director and production designer Donald Graham Burt. He was also part of the 20-person team who won the Art Directors Guild's Excellence in Production Design Award for \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\". Zolfo is the son of an art director who worked at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14786717", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\n26, 2008. The release date was moved again to December 25 in the United States, January 16, 2009 in Mexico, February 6 in the United Kingdom, February 13 in Italy and February 27 in South Africa. On its opening day, the film opened in the number two position behind \"\"Marley & Me\"\", in North America with $11,871,831 in 2,988 theaters with a $3,973 average. However, during its opening weekend, the film dropped to the third position behind \"\"Marley & Me\"\" and \"\"Bedtime Stories\"\" with $26,853,816 in 2,988 theaters with an $8,987 average. The film has come to gross $127.5 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14897063", "chunk_text": "\"Matte World Digital\"\nwas built for a completely computer-generated flight shot. Craig Barron won the 2009 Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and BAFTA Awards for achievement in visual effects for MWD's work in David Fincher’s \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\". He was also nominated for achievement in visual effects by the Academy and BAFTA for shots created at MWD for \"\"Batman Returns\"\" (1992) and \"\"The Truman Show\"\" (1998). Barron, along with MWD team members, Michael Pangrazio, Charlie Mullin and Bill Mather, won an Emmy for outstanding visual effects for \"\"By Dawn's Early Light\"\" in 1990. Matte World Digital is listed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14786694", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nActor for Pitt, and Best Supporting Actress for Taraji P. Henson, and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects. In August 2005, elderly Daisy Fuller is on her deathbed in a New Orleans hospital as Hurricane Katrina approaches. She tells her daughter, Caroline, about a train station built in 1918 and the blind clockmaker, Mr. Gateau, who was hired to make a clock for it. When it was unveiled at the station, the public was surprised to see the clock running backwards. Mr. Gateau says he made it that way as a memorial, so that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6703637", "chunk_text": "\"Not Easily Broken\"\na big input in their marriage. They reunite and Dave finds out that Clarice is pregnant. At the Black Reel Awards, Bill Duke was nominated for \"\"Best Director\"\", and Brian Bird was nominated for \"\"Best Screenplay, Original or Adapted\"\". Taraji P. Henson won \"\"Best Actress\"\" at the \"\"BET Awards\"\" for her role in the film combined with two other performances in \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", and \"\"The Family That Preys\"\". Albert Hall won the \"\"Grace Award for Movies\"\" at the 2010 \"\"Movieguide Awards\"\". The film has received mainly negative to mixed reviews from critics. As of December 20,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18344600", "chunk_text": "\"81st Academy Awards\"\nyears, the field of major nominees favored independent, low-budget films over blockbusters. However, one of the nominees for Best Picture had grossed over $100 million before the nominations were announced (compared with none from the previous year). The combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees when the Oscars were announced was $188 million with an average gross of $37.7 million per film. \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $104.4 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" ($44.7 million), \"\"Milk\"\" ($20.7 million), \"\"Frost/Nixon\"\" ($8.8", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20506545", "chunk_text": "\"Ceán Chaffin\"\nand \"\"The Social Network\"\". In addition to producing the above films, Chaffin was executive producer for the 2017 TV series \"\"Mindhunter\"\". Ceán Chaffin Ceán Chaffin is an American film producer who has frequently collaborated with director and husband David Fincher. She and her fellow producers were nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture for \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008) and \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010). She won American Film Institute's AFI Awards for these films as well as for \"\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\"\" (2011). Chaffin was nominated for Producers Guild of America's Producers of the Year Awards", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15571745", "chunk_text": "\"David Fincher\"\nhis third Golden Globe nomination. In 2016, Fincher directed another Netflix series, \"\"Mindhunter\"\", starring Holt McCallany and Jonathan Groff. The series, that is based on the book \"\"Mind Hunter: Inside the FBI’s Elite Serial Crime Unit\"\", debuted worldwide on October 13, 2017. David Fincher David Andrew Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American film director, film producer, television director, television producer, and music video director. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008) and \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010). For the latter, he won the Golden Globe Award for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3184314", "chunk_text": "\"David Fincher\"\nstudio, expectations surrounding Robert Downey, Jr.'s supporting performance, Fincher's direction and Vanderbilt's adapted script, the film did not earn a single Oscar nomination. A story about life and death, \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" is an adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story of the same name. The film was Fincher's third with Brad Pitt. The film started shooting in November 2006 in New Orleans, before moving on to the Virgin Islands, Montreal, and L.A. Both \"\"Zodiac\"\" and this film are co-productions of Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. The budget for the film was estimated at $150 million, partly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14889550", "chunk_text": "\"Kirk Baxter\"\n\"\"Zodiac\"\". When Wall was chosen to edit \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", he proposed to Fincher that Baxter be the co-editor, and they have since worked together on Fincher's subsequent films. Baxter and Wall were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing, the BAFTA Award for Best Editing, and the American Cinema Editors Eddie Award for their work on \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\". For their work on \"\"The Social Network\"\", Baxter and Wall won an Oscar and a BAFTA in 2011. The following year, they won a second Oscar for \"\"The Girl with the Dragon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7258622", "chunk_text": "\"Claudio Miranda\"\nClaudio Miranda Claudio Miranda (; born March 1965 in Valparaíso, Chile) is a Chilean cinematographer best known as the Academy Award-winning director of photography on Ang Lee's film \"\"Life of Pi\"\" and as the director of photography on David Fincher's film \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", the first entirely digitally filmed movie nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and an American Society of Cinematographers Award. He is the second Chilean person to win an Academy Award. Miranda first worked with David Fincher in 1995 as a gaffer on \"\"Seven\"\". He performed the same role on \"\"The Game\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14584615", "chunk_text": "\"Donald Graham Burt\"\ngraduate of Independence (Kansas) High School and studied art at the University of Arizona. Donald Graham Burt Donald Graham Burt is a film production designer. He has worked on multiple films including The Joy Luck Club, Dangerous Minds, and Donnie Brasco, as well as with David Fincher on Zodiac in 2007. In 2008, he designed the sets for The Curious Case of Benjamin Button which won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction in 2009, an Art Directors Guild Award for Best Achievement in Art Direction, and a BAFTA Film Award for Best Production Design, along with a nomination for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3184298", "chunk_text": "\"David Fincher\"\nDavid Fincher David Andrew Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American film director, film producer, television director, television producer, and music video director. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008) and \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010). For the latter, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director and the BAFTA Award for Best Direction. He is also known for having directed \"\"Alien 3\"\" in his directorial debut, and most known for films in the thriller genre, including \"\"Seven\"\" (1995), \"\"The Game\"\" (1997), \"\"Fight Club\"\" (1999), \"\"Panic Room\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4544375", "chunk_text": "\"Ceán Chaffin\"\nCeán Chaffin Ceán Chaffin is an American film producer who has frequently collaborated with director and husband David Fincher. She and her fellow producers were nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture for \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008) and \"\"The Social Network\"\" (2010). She won American Film Institute's AFI Awards for these films as well as for \"\"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\"\" (2011). Chaffin was nominated for Producers Guild of America's Producers of the Year Awards for the three aforementioned films and was also nominated a British Academy Film Award for \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3207689", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\na \"\"richly satisfying serving of deep-dish Hollywood storytelling.\"\" Peter Howell of \"\"The Toronto Star\"\" says: \"\"It's been said that the unexamined life is not worth living. \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" suggests an addendum: a life lived backwards can be far more enriching\"\" and describes the film as \"\"a magical and moving account of a man living his life resoundingly in reverse\"\" and \"\"moviemaking at its best.\"\" Rod Yates of \"\"Empire\"\" awarded it five out of a possible five stars. Kirk Honeycutt of \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" felt the film was \"\"superbly made and winningly acted by Brad Pitt in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14584614", "chunk_text": "\"Donald Graham Burt\"\nDonald Graham Burt Donald Graham Burt is a film production designer. He has worked on multiple films including The Joy Luck Club, Dangerous Minds, and Donnie Brasco, as well as with David Fincher on Zodiac in 2007. In 2008, he designed the sets for The Curious Case of Benjamin Button which won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction in 2009, an Art Directors Guild Award for Best Achievement in Art Direction, and a BAFTA Film Award for Best Production Design, along with a nomination for a Satellite Award for Best Art Direction & Production Design. Burt is a 1976", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19840871", "chunk_text": "\"Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2008\"\nVancouver Film Critics Circle Awards 2008 The winners of the 9th Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards, honoring the best in filmmaking in 2008, were announced on January 13, 2009. Best Actor: Sean Penn – \"\"Milk\"\" Best Actress: Kate Winslet – \"\"Revolutionary Road\"\" and \"\"The Reader\"\" Best Director: David Fincher – \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" Best Film: Milk Best Foreign Language Film: The Edge of Heaven (Auf der anderen Seite) • Germany Best Supporting Actor: Heath Ledger – \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" (posthumous) Best Supporting Actress: Rosemarie DeWitt – \"\"Rachel Getting Married\"\" Best Actor: \"\"'Natar Ungalaaq – \"\"The Necessities of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10112085", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Perlman\"\npost-production manipulation. It was used for 3D volumetric shape capture of Brad Pitt’s face in the film \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", which received the 2008 Academy Award for Achievement in Visual Effects for the photorealism achieved in computer-generated reverse-aging of Brad Pitt’s face. In 2007, Rearden spun-out OnLive, which in 2009 announced the OnLive on-demand video game service and MicroConsole TV adapter, with Perlman as its president and CEO. The game service started in June, 2010 in the US and September 22, 2011 in the UK. It was initially offered on the PC, Macintosh and TV via OnLive's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1698136", "chunk_text": "\"Taraji P. Henson\"\ndebut in the film, which was nominated for two Academy awards and won one of those two. In 2008, she appeared opposite Brad Pitt in \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.\"\" Henson acted out the role of Queenie, Benjamin's mother, in a performance that led to an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. She noted in an interview that she gave to Lauren Viera of the Chicago \"\"Tribune,\"\" \"\"Queenie is the embodiment of unconditional love.\"\" Henson acted in two Tyler Perry films, \"\"The Family That Preys\"\" in 2008 and \"\"I Can Do Bad All By Myself\"\" in 2009. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827352", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nnot work out how to make the story work. The film was optioned in 1991 by Steven Spielberg, with Tom Cruise attached for the lead role, but Spielberg left the project to direct \"\"Jurassic Park\"\" and \"\"Schindler's List\"\". Other directors attached were Patrick Read Johnson and Agnieszka Holland. Stark eventually sold the rights to producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall, who took the film to Paramount Pictures, with Universal Pictures still on as a co-production partner. By summer 1994, Maryland Film Office chief Jack Gerbes was approached with the possibility of making the film in Baltimore. In October 1998, screenwriter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9442977", "chunk_text": "\"Alexandre Desplat\"\nIn 2008, Desplat received his second Oscar nomination for David Fincher's \"\"Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\". Desplat received his third Oscar nomination and a BAFTA nomination for \"\"Fantastic Mr. Fox\"\" in 2010, both of which were won by Michael Giacchino for \"\"Up\"\". Desplat has composed music for \"\"Largo Winch\"\", based on the Belgian comic; \"\"Afterwards\"\" a French-Canadian psychological thriller film directed by Gilles Bourdos in English; Anne Fontaine's \"\"Coco avant Chanel\"\" based on the life of designer Coco Chanel; Robert Guédiguian's \"\"Armée du Crime\"\"; \"\"Cheri\"\", reuniting him with director Stephen Frears, whom he collaborated with on \"\"The Queen\"\"; \"\"Un Prophète\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19686019", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Barron\"\non Batman Returns. In 2009 he won an Oscar for Best Visual Effects on \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\". Over the course of his career, Barron has become a film historian, author, lecturer and University educator with a focus on the history of visual effects produced in classic films, before and after the digital age. Barron began working at ILM in 1979, hired at age 18 by Richard Edlund to work with Neil Krepela and Ralph McQuarrie in the matte painting department. Then the youngest person at the studio, he eventually worked in the camera department, compositing matte-painted effects", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18344601", "chunk_text": "\"81st Academy Awards\"\nmillion), and finally \"\"The Reader\"\" ($8.3 million). Among the rest of the top 50 releases of 2008 in U.S. box office before the nominations, 33 nominations went to nine films on the list. Only \"\"The Dark Knight\"\" (1st), \"\"WALL-E\"\" (5th), \"\"Kung Fu Panda\"\" (6th), \"\"Bolt\"\" (19th), \"\"Tropic Thunder\"\" (20th), and \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (21st) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, Best Picture or Animated Feature. The other top-50 box office hits that earned nominations were \"\"Iron Man\"\" (2nd), \"\"Wanted\"\" (16th), and \"\"Hellboy II: The Golden Army\"\" (41st). Shortly after the voting polls were closed for the awards,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827370", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nwho knows what he is doing but not always why he is doing it.\"\" The film was released on DVD on May 5, 2009 by Paramount, and on Blu-ray and 2-Disc DVD by The Criterion Collection. The Criterion release includes over three hours of special features, and a documentary about the making of the film. As of November 1, 2009 the DVD has sold 2,515,722 DVD copies and has generated $41,196,515 in sales revenue. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film) The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American fantasy romantic drama film directed by David Fincher. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4176051", "chunk_text": "\"Brad Pitt\"\nBest Actor at the 64th Venice International Film Festival. He eventually collected the award one year later at the 2008 festival. Pitt's next appearance was in the 2008 black comedy \"\"Burn After Reading\"\", his first collaboration with the Coen brothers. The film received a positive reception from critics, with \"\"The Guardian\"\" calling it \"\"a tightly wound, slickly plotted spy comedy\"\", noting that Pitt's performance was one of the funniest. He was later cast as Benjamin Button, the lead in David Fincher's 2008 film \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", a loosely adapted version of a 1921 short story by F.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5161221", "chunk_text": "\"Academy Award for Best Cinematography\"\n(1930) is incomplete, and \"\"Sadie Thompson\"\" (1927) is incomplete and partially reconstructed with stills. The first nominees shot primarily on digital video were \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" and \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" in 2009, with \"\"Slumdog Millionaire\"\" the first winner. The following year \"\"Avatar\"\" was the first nominee and winner to be shot entirely on digital video. In 2018, Rachel Morrison became the first woman to receive a nomination. Prior to that it had been the last gender-neutral Academy Award category to never nominate a woman. Winners are listed first in colored row, followed by the other nominees. Academy Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7549535", "chunk_text": "\"BAFTA Award for Best Production Design\"\n\"\"Atonement\"\" – Sarah Greenwood and Katie Spencer \"\"'2008: \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" – Donald Graham Burt and Victor J. Zolfo \"\"'2009: \"\"Avatar\"\" – Rick Carter, Robert Stromberg, and Kim Sinclair 2010: \"\"Inception\"\" – Guy Hendrix Dyas, Larry Dias, and Doug Mowat 2011: \"\"Hugo\"\" – Dante Ferretti and Francesca Lo Schiavo 2012: \"\"Les Misérables\"\" – Eve Stewart and Anna Lynch-Robinson 2013: \"\"The Great Gatsby\"\" – Catherine Martin and Beverly Dunn 2014: \"\"The Grand Budapest Hotel\"\" – Adam Stockhausen and Anna Pinnock 2015: \"\"\"\" – Colin Gibson and Lisa Thompson 2016: \"\"Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them\"\" – Stuart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827355", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nwith Blanchett in \"\"Babel\"\" and with Swinton in \"\"Burn After Reading\"\". For \"\"Benjamin Button\"\", New Orleans, Louisiana and the surrounding area was chosen as the filming location for the story to take advantage of the state's production incentives, and shooting was slated to begin in October 2006. By filming in Louisiana and taking advantage of the state's film incentive, the production received $27 million, which was used to finance a significant portion of the film's $167 million budget. Filming of \"\"Benjamin Button\"\" began on November 6, 2006 in New Orleans. In January 2007, Blanchett joined the shoot. Fincher praised the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18789400", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Roth\"\nwriting a screenplay dealing with the Madoff-Chais scandal. Eric Roth Eric R. Roth (born March 22, 1945) is an American screenwriter. He won the Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994). He also co-wrote the screenplays for several Oscar-nominated films: \"\"The Insider\"\" (1999), \"\"Munich\"\" (2005), \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008), and \"\"Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close\"\" (2012). Roth was born in New York City, New York, into a Jewish family, the son of Miriam \"\"Mimi\"\", a teacher, studio executive, and radio writer, and Leon Roth, a university teacher and film producer. He grew up in Bedford–Stuyvesant,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827364", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nhis most impressive outing to date.\"\" Honeycutt praised Fincher's directing of the film and noted that the \"\"cinematography wonderfully marries a palette of subdued earthen colors with the necessary CGI and other visual effects that place one in a magical past.\"\" Honeycutt states the bottom line about \"\"Benjamin Button\"\" is that it is \"\"an intimate epic about love and loss that is pure cinema.\"\" A. O. Scott of \"\"The New York Times\"\" states: \"\"\"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", more than two and a half hours long, sighs with longing and simmers with intrigue while investigating the philosophical conundrums and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15132385", "chunk_text": "\"Cottalango Leon\"\nsignificant growth. In a 2016 media interview, Leon says that he worked on the itView technology for eight years as the chief contributor. To date, Leon has worked on several commercially successful films, including \"\"Stuart Little\"\", the \"\"Spider-Man film series\"\", the \"\"Men In Black film series\"\", \"\"Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs\"\", \"\"The Smurfs\"\", \"\"Hotel Transylvania\"\", and \"\"Open Season\"\". Leon, at the age of 44, won the 2016 Academy Award for scientific and technical achievement for \"\"the design, engineering and continuous development\"\" of Sony Pictures Imageworks itView technology. In a ceremony held on 13 February 2016 at Beverly Wilshire Hotel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17417987", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Barron\"\nMartin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola, James Cameron, Alfonso Cuaron, Gore Verbinski, Ron Howard, Tim Burton and David Fincher, among others. Barron contributed to the visual effects of more than 100 films during MWD's near-25-year run, creating innovative techniques for the digital effects of Zodiac\"\", Captain American: The First Avenger, and The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\", which won the Oscar for Best Visual Effects in 2009. MWD closed in 2012 after 24 years of service. The company's last project was for Martin Scorsese's \"\"Hugo\"\". While heading Matte World Digital, Barron independentaly co-produced and directed the science-fiction short, \"\"The Utilizer\"\", broadcast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827356", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nease of accessibility to rural and urban sets in New Orleans and said that the recovery from Hurricane Katrina did not serve as an atypical hindrance to production. In March 2007, production moved to Los Angeles for two more months of filming. Principal photography was targeted to last a total of 150 days. Additional time was needed at visual effects house Digital Domain to make the visual effects for the metamorphosis of Brad Pitt's character to the infant stage. The director used a camera system called Contour, developed by Steve Perlman, to capture facial deformation data from live-action performances. Several", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18789397", "chunk_text": "\"Eric Roth\"\nEric Roth Eric R. Roth (born March 22, 1945) is an American screenwriter. He won the Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"\"Forrest Gump\"\" (1994). He also co-wrote the screenplays for several Oscar-nominated films: \"\"The Insider\"\" (1999), \"\"Munich\"\" (2005), \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" (2008), and \"\"Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close\"\" (2012). Roth was born in New York City, New York, into a Jewish family, the son of Miriam \"\"Mimi\"\", a teacher, studio executive, and radio writer, and Leon Roth, a university teacher and film producer. He grew up in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn in New York. He grew up boxing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10367873", "chunk_text": "\"Robin Swicord\"\nUnited States on September 21, 2007. The film was her feature film debut. For 2005's \"\"Memoirs of a Geisha,\"\" Swicord worked collaboratively with director Rob Marshall to adapt Arthur Golden's novel. Although the project had been with other writers and directors, and there were many previous drafts of the script, Swicord said that she and Marshall started from scratch. Swicord was able to use Golden's original research and unedited manuscripts to construct the screenplay, which won a Golden Satellite Award for best-adapted screenplay. For over 10 years, Swicord worked on the screen adaptation of \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8957212", "chunk_text": "\"Robin Swicord\"\nRobin Swicord Robin Stender Swicord (born October 23, 1952) is an American screenwriter and film director. She is known for literary adaptions. In 2008, her screenplay for \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" was nominated for Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay. She wrote the screenplay for the film \"\"Memoirs of a Geisha\"\", based on the novel of the same name by Arthur Golden, for which she won a 2005 Satellite Award. Her other screenplay credits include \"\"Little Women\"\", \"\"Practical Magic\"\", \"\"Matilda\"\", \"\"The Perez Family\"\", and \"\"Shag\"\". Swicord was born in Columbia, South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9772390", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story)\"\nThe Curious Case of Benjamin Button (short story) \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" is a short story written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. First published in \"\"Collier's\"\" Magazine on May 27, 1922. It was subsequently anthologized in his book \"\"Tales of the Jazz Age\"\", which is occasionally published as \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Other Jazz Age Stories\"\". In 1860 Baltimore, Benjamin is born with the physical appearance of a 70-year-old man, already capable of speech. His father Roger invites neighborhood boys to play with him and orders him to play with children's toys, but Benjamin obeys only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10267931", "chunk_text": "\"75th Academy Awards\"\n2001. Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on March 1, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Kate Hudson. \"\"Chicago\"\" won six awards including Best Picture. Other winners included \"\"The Pianist\"\" with three awards, \"\"Frida\"\" and \"\"\"\" with two, and \"\"Adaptation\"\", \"\"Bowling for Columbine\"\", \"\"The ChubbChubbs!\"\", \"\"8 Mile\"\", \"\"The Hours\"\", \"\"Nowhere in Africa\"\", \"\"Road to Perdition\"\", \"\"Spirited Away\"\", \"\"Talk to Her\"\", \"\"This Charming Man\"\", and \"\"Twin Towers\"\" with one. The telecast garnered about 33 million viewers in the United States, making it the least watched and lowest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3207691", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\nemotional paradoxes of its protagonist’s condition in a spirit that owes more to Jorge Luis Borges than to Fitzgerald.\"\" Scott praised Fincher and writes \"\"Building on the advances of pioneers like Steven Spielberg, Peter Jackson and Robert Zemeckis, Mr. Fincher has added a dimension of delicacy and grace to digital filmmaking\"\" and further states: \"\"While it stands on the shoulders of breakthroughs like \"\"Minority Report\"\", \"\"The Lord of the Rings\"\" and \"\"Forrest Gump\"\", \"\"Benjamin Button\"\" may be the most dazzling such hybrid yet, precisely because it is the subtlest.\"\" He also stated: \"\"At the same time, like any other love—like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19686028", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Barron\"\nfor the shot. Barron worked with Fincher again to build several digital matte and CGI environments for \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\". The interior of the film's New Orleans train station had to change and deteriorate throughout 29 shots representing different eras. MWD built one CGI station model using Next Limit's Maxwell rendering software—software that was generally used as an architectural visualization and product-design tool. MWD revamped it to mimic real-world lighting as seen from multiple angles and light sources. Craig Barron Craig Barron (born April 6, 1961) is an American visual effects artist, currently Creative Director at Magnopus,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11827357", "chunk_text": "\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)\"\ndigital environments for the film were created by Matte World Digital, including multiple shots of the interior of the New Orleans train station, to show architectural alterations and deterioration throughout different eras. The train station was built as a 3D model and lighting and aging effects were added, using Next Limit's Maxwell rendering software—an architectural visualization tool. Overall production was finished in September 2007. The score to \"\"The Curious Case of Benjamin Button\"\" was written by French composer Alexandre Desplat, who recorded his score with an 87-piece ensemble of the Hollywood Studio Symphony at the Sony Scoring Stage. At the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3243	when is the running of the bulls held in spain?	n/a	[ "6–14 July" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958937", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nRTVE, the public Spanish national television channel, for over 30 years. It is the highest profile event of the San Fermín festival, which is held every year from 6–14 July. The first bull running is on 7 July, followed by one on each of the following mornings of the festival, beginning every day at 8 am. Among the rules to take part in the event are that participants must be at least 18 years old, run in the same direction as the bulls, not incite the bulls, and not be under the influence of alcohol. In Pamplona, a set of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19280430", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\ncattle) are typically used in such events. The most famous bull-run – what a capitalized \"\"the Running of the Bulls\"\" most often refers to in English – is the held in Pamplona during the nine-day festival of Sanfermines in honour of Saint Fermin. It has become a major global tourism event, today very different from the traditional, local festival. More traditional summer bull-runs are held in other places such as towns and villages across Spain and Portugal, in some cities in Mexico, and in the Occitan (Camargue) region of southern France. Bull-running was formerly also practiced in rural England, most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958951", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nwas gored by a bull soon after its publication. (See Further Reading section below.) Although the most famous running of the bulls is that of San Fermín, they are held in towns and villages across Spain, Portugal, and in some cities in southern France during the summer. Examples are the bull run of San Sebastián de los Reyes, near Madrid, at the end of August which is the most popular of Spain after Pamplona, the bull run of Cuéllar, considered as the oldest of Spain since there are documents of its existence dating back to 1215, the Highland Capeias of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5163041", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nor first weekend of October. Some links may contain graphic content where marked. Running of the bulls The running of the bulls (, from the verb \"\"encerrar\"\", 'to corral, to enclose'; , literally 'haste, momentum'; , 'street-bulls') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of cattle, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on a course of a sectioned-off subset of a town's streets, usually as part of a summertime festival. Particular breeds of cattle may be favored, such as the in Spain, also often used in post-run bullfighting, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5163017", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nRunning of the bulls The running of the bulls (, from the verb \"\"encerrar\"\", 'to corral, to enclose'; , literally 'haste, momentum'; , 'street-bulls') is an event that involves running in front of a small group of cattle, typically six but sometimes ten or more, that have been let loose on a course of a sectioned-off subset of a town's streets, usually as part of a summertime festival. Particular breeds of cattle may be favored, such as the in Spain, also often used in post-run bullfighting, and Camargue cattle in Occitan France, which are not fought. Actual bulls (non-castrated male", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3618686", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the Nudes\"\nRunning of the Nudes The Running of the Nudes, like the well-known Running of the Bulls, takes place in Pamplona, Spain. The Running of the Nudes occurs two days before the Running of the Bulls, just before the start of the nine-day festival of San Fermín. The event was created in 2002 and is supported by animal welfare groups, including PETA, who object to the Running of the Bulls, claiming that the event is cruel and glorifies bullfighting, which the groups oppose. In the Running of the Nudes, naked humans, many wearing only plastic horns and red scarves, follow the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19280431", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nfamously at Stamford until 1837. The origin of this event comes from the need to transport the bulls from the fields outside the city, where they were bred, to the bullring, where they would be killed in the evening. During this \"\"run\"\", youngsters would jump among them to show off their bravado. In Pamplona and other places, the six bulls in the event are still those that will feature in the afternoon bullfight of the same day. Spanish tradition holds that bull-running began in northeastern Spain in the early 14th century. While transporting cattle in order to sell them at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5163034", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\n(normally in August). Compared to encierros, animals are not directed to any bullring. These festivities are normally organized by the youngsters of the village, as a way for showing their courage and ability with the bull. Some sources consider this tradition a masculine initiation rite to adulthood. Numerous bull-running events happen in France in the region around Sommières, in accordance with the Camargues tradition, in which no bulls are intentionally injured or killed. For instance, in Calvisson, the annual event takes place around 20 July over a period of five days. There are four events: the , in which at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16422683", "chunk_text": "\"San Fermín\"\nSan Fermín The festival of San Fermín is a week-long, historically rooted celebration held annually in the city of Pamplona, Navarra , Spain. The celebrations start at noon on the sixth of July, when the party starts with the setting off the pyrotechnic \"\"chupinazo\"\", and continue until midnight, on the fourteenth of July, with the singing of the \"\"Pobre de Mí\"\". While its most famous event is the encierro, or the running of the bulls, at 8:00 AM from July 7 to 14, the festival involves many other traditional and folkloric events. It is known locally as \"\"Sanfermines\"\" and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5163020", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nthe market, men would try to speed the process by hurrying their cattle using tactics of fear and excitement. After years of this practice, the transportation and hurrying began to turn into a competition, as young adults would attempt to race in front of the bulls and make it safely to their pens without being overtaken. When the popularity of this practice increased and was noticed more and more by the expanding population of Spanish cities, a tradition was created and stands to this day. The Pamplona encierro is the most popular in Spain and has been broadcast live by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5163040", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nthe Nudes, a demonstration done two days before the beginning of San Fermín in Pamplona. By marching naked, they protested the festival and the following bullfight, arguing the bulls are tortured for entertainment. The city of San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, cancelled its \"\"Sanmiguelada\"\" running of the bulls after 2006, citing public disorder associated with the event. After the event was cancelled in San Miguel, the city of Salvatierra, also in the state of Guanajuato, picked up the event. It is now called \"\"La Marquesada\"\" and the three-day event is held during the last weekend of the month of September", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6580080", "chunk_text": "\"San Fermín\"\na fireworks display at the city hall. This closing ceremony tradition started out in the 1920s. The running of the bulls (In Spanish \"\"encierro or los toros de san Fermin\"\") involves hundreds of people running in front of six bulls and another six steers down an 825-meter (0.51 mile) stretch of narrow streets of a section of the old town of Pamplona. The run ends in the Pamplona's bullring taking a mean time of around 3 minutes where the bulls would be held until the afternoon's bullfight when they would be killed. Bullruns are held between July 7 and 14", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958958", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nthe Bull , in which hundreds of red- and white-clad beachgoers are chased down the shore by a single \"\"bull\"\" (two people in a pantomime horse-style costume). In Rangiora, New Zealand, an annual Running of the Sheep is held, in which 1000–2000 sheep are released down the main street of the small farming town. The Running of the Bulls UK is a pub crawl event that takes place on London's Hampstead Heath and uses fast human runners in place of bulls. In 2014, Pamplona inaugurated a series of running events in June, the San Fermín Marathon, of a full marathon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958952", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nthe Raia in Sabugal, Portugal, with horses leading the herd crossing old border passes out of Spain and using the medieval 'Forcåo', or the bull run of Navalcarnero held at night. Other \"\"encierros\"\" have also caused fatalities. \"\"Bous al carrer\"\", \"\"correbou\"\" or \"\"correbous\"\" (meaning in Catalan, 'bulls in the street', 'street-bulls') is a typical festivity in many villages in the Valencian region, Terres de l'Ebre, Catalonia, and Fornalutx, Mallorca. Another similar tradition is \"\"soltes de vaques\"\", where cows are used instead of bulls. Even though they can take place all along the year, they are most usual during local festivals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958940", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nblessing\"\". The singers finish by shouting \"\" and ('Long live Saint Fermin', in Spanish and Basque, respectively). Most runners dress in the traditional clothing of the festival which consists of a white shirt and trousers with a red waistband () and neckerchief (). Also some of them hold the day's newspaper rolled to draw the bulls' attention from them if necessary. A first rocket is set off at 8 a.m. to alert the runners that the corral gate is open. A second rocket signals that all six bulls have been released. The third and fourth rockets are signals that all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958956", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nrun in the town every 13 November, for ever after. As of 2013 the bull run had been revived as a ceremonial, festival-style community event. A variation is the nightly \"\"fire bull\"\" where balls of flammable material are placed on the horns. Currently the bull is often replaced by a runner carrying a frame on which fireworks are placed and dodgers, usually children, run to avoid the sparks. In 2008, Red Bull Racing driver David Coulthard and Scuderia Toro Rosso driver Sébastien Bourdais performed a version of a 'bull running' event in Pamplona, Spain, with the Formula One cars chasing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11519033", "chunk_text": "Spain\nall over the world go to Spain to experience one of these festivals. One of the most famous is San Fermín, in Pamplona. While its most famous event is the \"\"encierro\"\", or the running of the bulls, which happens at 8:00 am from 7 to 14 July, the week-long celebration involves many other traditional and folkloric events. Its events were central to the plot of The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway, which brought it to the general attention of English-speaking people. As a result, it has become one of the most internationally renowned fiestas in Spain, with over 1,000,000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17679789", "chunk_text": "\"Blanca, Murcia\"\nin Blanca the famous declaration of Regional Tourist Interest, and it is undoubtedly the most celebrated day for all residents in Blanca. The running of the bulls is a very old tradition that has been held for over three hundred fifty years, and it is a unique event in the Region of Murcia. During the morning the atmosphere that prevails throughout the entire running route of the bulls, is a limitless joy, in which dance and parade of bands encourage all who join the festivities, and where everyone is welcome. It is always held before August 15. The life and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "122005", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish-style bullfighting\"\nSpanish-style bullfighting Spanish-style bullfighting, known as a \"\"corrida de toros\"\" (literally a \"\"running of the bulls\"\"), \"\"fiesta\"\", is practiced in Spain, where it originates, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, as well as in parts of Southern France and Portugal. In a traditional \"\"corrida\"\", three \"\"toreros, \"\"also called \"\"matadores\"\" or, in French, \"\"toréadors\"\", each fight two out of a total of six fighting bulls, each of which is at least four years old and weighs up to about (with a minimum weight limit of for the bullrings of the first degree). Bullfighting season in Spain runs from March to October. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958939", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nonly stand behind the second fence, whereas the space between the two fences is reserved for security and medical personnel and also to participants who need cover during the event. The encierro begins with runners singing a benediction. It is sung three times, each time being sung both in Spanish and Basque. The benediction is a prayer given at a statue of Saint Fermin, patron of the festival and the city, to ask the saint's protection and can be translated into English as \"\"We ask Saint Fermin, as our Patron, to guide us through the encierro and give us his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5877264", "chunk_text": "Pamplona\nPamplona Pamplona (; ) or Iruña (, alternative spelling: \"\"Iruñea\"\", ) is the capital city of the Autonomous Community of Navarre, in Spain, and historically also of the former Kingdom of Navarre. Pamplona is also the second largest city in the greater Basque cultural region, composed of two Spanish autonomous communities, Navarre and Basque Country, and the French Basque Country. Pamplona has a moderate climate being at in terms of elevation. In addition to its elevation, Pamplona being inland results in cool nights by Spanish standards. The city is famous worldwide for the running of the bulls during the San", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958945", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\nbullring, which acts as a funnel as it is much narrower than the previous street. In such cases injuries come both from asphyxia and contusions to those in the pile and from goring if the bulls crush into the pile. This kind of blocking of the entrance has occurred at least ten times in the history of the run, the last occurring in 2013 and the first dating back to 1878. A runner died of suffocation in one such pile up in 1977. Overall, since record-keeping began in 1910, 15 people have been killed in the bull running of Pamplona,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3180642", "chunk_text": "\"Seville Fair\"\nSeville Fair The Seville Fair (officially and in , \"\"Seville April Fair\"\") is held in Andalusian capital of Seville, Spain. The fair generally begins two weeks after the Semana Santa, or Easter Holy Week. The fair officially begins at midnight on Monday, and runs six days, ending on the following Sunday. During past fairs, however, many activities have begun on the Saturday prior to the official opening. Each day the fiesta begins with the parade of carriages and riders, at midday, carrying Seville's leading citizens which make their way to the bullring, La Real Maestranza, where the bullfighters and breeders", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7617863", "chunk_text": "\"Sport in Madrid\"\nManzanares Park Tennis Centre) is a tennis structure located at Manzanares Park, used for the Madrid Masters tournament, Caja Mágica is also home to the Spanish F1 team HRT F1 Team. Madrid hosts the largest \"\"plaza de toros\"\" (bullring) in Spain, Las Ventas, established in 1929. Las Ventas is considered by many to be the world centre of bullfighting and has a seating capacity of almost 25,000. Madrid's bullfighting season begins in March and ends in October. Bullfights are held every day during the festivities of San Isidro (Madrid's patron saint) from mid May to early June, and every Sunday,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8029831", "chunk_text": "\"Fêtes de Bayonne\"\nand fireworks. Origin: The first \"\"Fêtes de Bayonne\"\" called \"\"The big summer festival\"\" took place on July 13, 1932. It was instigated by a group of friends belonging to the Aviron Bayonnais rugby team. They wanted to create in Bayonne, celebrations similar to those of San Fermin in Pamplona, Spain (famous for their Running of the Bulls). Fêtes de Bayonne The fêtes de Bayonne is a feria consisting in a series of festivals in the Northern Basque Country in the town of Bayonne, France. The festival lasts 5 days and always starts the Wednesday before the first Sunday of August.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16958943", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the bulls\"\ninto the turn at Estafeta (\"\"la curva\"\"), resulting in the installation of anti-slip surfacing, and now most of the bulls negotiate the turn onto Estafeta and are often ahead of the steers. This has resulted in a quicker run. Runners are not permitted in the first 50 meters of the encierro, which is an uphill grade where the bulls are much faster. Every year, between 50 and 100 people are injured during the run. Not all of the injuries require taking the patients to the hospital: in 2013, 50 people were taken by ambulance to Pamplona's hospital, with this number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1372566", "chunk_text": "Madrid\nThe Teatro Monumental is the concert venue of the RTVE Symphony Orchestra. Other concert venues for classical music are the Fundación Joan March and the Auditorio 400, devoted to contemporary music. Madrid hosts the largest \"\"plaza de toros\"\" (bullring) in Spain, Las Ventas, established in 1929. Las Ventas is considered by many to be the world centre of bullfighting and has a seating capacity of almost 25,000. Madrid's bullfighting season begins in March and ends in October. Bullfights are held every day during the festivities of San Isidro (Madrid's patron saint) from mid May to early June, and every Sunday,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8373716", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish-style bullfighting\"\npsychological suffering due to stress. At this point, there is no scientific evidence in either direction. Spanish-style bullfighting Spanish-style bullfighting, known as a \"\"corrida de toros\"\" (literally a \"\"running of the bulls\"\"), \"\"fiesta\"\", is practiced in Spain, where it originates, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, as well as in parts of Southern France and Portugal. In a traditional \"\"corrida\"\", three \"\"toreros, \"\"also called \"\"matadores\"\" or, in French, \"\"toréadors\"\", each fight two out of a total of six fighting bulls, each of which is at least four years old and weighs up to about (with a minimum weight limit of for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4601587", "chunk_text": "\"Afternoon of the Bulls\"\nAfternoon of the Bulls Afternoon of the Bulls () is a 1956 Spanish drama film directed by Ladislao Vajda. It was entered into the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. The film was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 29th Academy Awards. In the bullring of Las Ventas, in Madrid, four parallel stories are shown in the film: the senior bullfighter Ricardo Puente breaks up with his lover Paloma; the winner of the day, Juan Carmona is barely hurt by a bull because he is haunted with the notice of a new baby; Rondeño II", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16797692", "chunk_text": "Bullfighting\nthe ring, people (usually young men) run in front of a small group of bulls that have been let loose, on a course of a sectioned-off subset of a town's streets. A \"\"toro embolado\"\" (in Spanish), \"\"bou embolat\"\" (in Catalan), roughly meaning \"\"bull with balls\"\", is a festive activity held at night and typical of many towns in Spain (mainly in the Valencian Community and Southern Catalonia). Balls of flammable material are attached to a bull's horns. The balls are lit and the bull is set free in the streets at night; participants dodge the bull when it comes close.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16797667", "chunk_text": "Bullfighting\nin the Iberian Peninsula, France, and Latin America. The largest venue of its kind is the Plaza México in central Mexico City, which seats 48,000 people, and the oldest are the Plazas of Béjar and Ronda, in the Spanish provinces of Salamanca and Málaga. All the bullrings have a complex pricing system, main factors being the sun and shadow, proximity to the action, and experience levels of \"\"torero\"\". The practice of bullfighting is controversial because of a range of concerns including animal welfare, funding, and religion. Bullfighting is illegal in most countries, but remains legal in most areas of Spain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5223746", "chunk_text": "\"Culture of Spain\"\nthe Roman Catholic religion; 2% identify with another religious faith, and about 27% as non-religious. An important Spanish holiday is \"\"Semana Santa\"\" (Holy Week), celebrated the week before Easter with large parades and other religious events. Spaniards also hold celebrations to honor their local saints in churches, cities, towns and villages. The people decorate the streets, build bonfires, set off fireworks and hold large parades, bullfights, and beauty contests. One of the best known Spanish celebrations is the festival of \"\"San Fermin,\"\" which is celebrated every year in July in Pamplona. Bulls are released into the streets, while people run", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "141766", "chunk_text": "Bullring\nde Toros de Las Ventas in Madrid (Spain), widely regarded as the most prestigious one, La Maestranza in Seville (Spain), and Plaza de Toros México in Mexico. Villages round the Camargue, such as Rodilhan in the Gard, who also practise 'mise à mort' - killing the bull. Bullring A bullring is an arena where bullfighting is performed. Bullrings are often associated with Spain, but they can also be found in neighboring countries and the New World. Bullrings are often historic and culturally significant centres that bear many structural similarities to the Roman amphitheatre. The classic bullring is an enclosed, roughly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16797665", "chunk_text": "Bullfighting\nBullfighting Bullfighting is a physical contest that involves humans and animals attempting to publicly subdue, immobilise, or kill a bull, usually according to a set of rules, guidelines, or cultural expectations. There are many different forms and varieties in various locations around the world. Some forms involve dancing around or over a cow or bull, or attempting to grasp an object from the animal. The best-known form of bullfighting is Spanish-style bullfighting, a traditional spectacle in countries including Spain, Portugal, parts of southern France, and some Latin American countries (Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Peru). While some forms are sometimes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3750720", "chunk_text": "\"Dénia\"\ncelebrated each March. Huge papier maché statues, called \"\"fallas\"\" are set up throughout the town, and then set ablaze. The \"\"Bous a la Mar\"\" (meaning \"\"Bulls at the Sea\"\") is held in July. The highlight of this week long festival is watching bulls run down the main street \"\"Marqués de Campo\"\", only to be chased into the Mediterranean sea by those daring enough to enter a makeshift bull ring with them. Since 1974 it has been home to painter and sculptor Joan Castejón. The town honored him as Adoptive Son of Dénia in 1999. Dénia's local football team is called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5378682", "chunk_text": "\"Michelito Lagravere\"\nthousand dollars a year. The minimum age for bullfighters in Spain is 16 years. Michelito was embroiled in a controversy recently for killing six young bulls in a single fight in the bullring of Mérida, Mexico in a bid to get his name in the Guinness Book of World Records (24 Jan 2009). Animal right activists and child protection groups in the region had objected to such an event but a local judge ruled in its favor after reviewing licenses submitted by Michelito's father. Michelito, who was eleven at the time, killed six calves aged from one to two years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2491861", "chunk_text": "\"Fiesta de Toros del Señor de Girón\"\nby their ancestors, while others claim that it is a Spanish custom that combined with local influences. The festival takes place around November, and the festival's length depends on the number of \"\"priostes\"\" (hosts), who provide the funds for the festival. In recent years, it has lasted six weeks. The \"\"priostes\"\" are generally Ecuadorian emigrants living in the United States and other countries. Each week, there is one primary \"\"prioste\"\" called the \"\"Fiesta Alcalde\"\" and two secondary hosts called the \"\"Incierro Izquierdo\"\" and the \"\"Incierro Derecho\"\". The highlight of the festival are the \"\"corridas\"\" (runnings of the bulls) held each", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14368719", "chunk_text": "Fermin\nrested at Thorney, Cambridgeshire. These occurrences point towards possible veneration of Firmin in Anglo-Saxon England. The San Fermin festival is celebrated in Pamplona, in the region of Navarre, every year from the 6th to the 14th of July. It has become internationally known because of the running of the bulls, where the bulls are led through the streets of the old quarter as far as the bull ring by runners. The fiestas are celebrated in honor of San Fermin, patron saint of Navarra, although the religious aspect would seem to have taken on a secondary role over the last number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "916299", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish-style bullfighting\"\nis said that fighting the bull was important in ancient times when sacrificing bulls for the gods. According to \"\"Frommer's Travel Guide\"\", bullfighting in Spain traces its origins to 711 A.D., with the first official bullfight, or \"\"corrida de toros,\"\" being held in honor of the coronation of King Alfonso VIII. Most historians trace bull-involving festivities to prehistorical times, as a trend that once extended through the entire Mediterranean coast and has just survived in Iberia and part of France. Some experts, like Alejandro Recio, considers that the Neolithic city of Konya, in Turkey, discovered by in James Mellaart in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11766214", "chunk_text": "\"Seville Fair\"\n\"\"traje corto\"\" (short jacket, tight trousers and boots) for men and the \"\"faralaes\"\" or \"\"trajes de flamenca\"\" (flamenco-style dress) for women. The men traditionally wear hats (or sombreros) called \"\"cordobés\"\". Nowadays, standard suits have replaced trajes cortos as men's most common outfit. It will start on May 4th ,2019 and end on May 11th ,2019. Seville Fair The Seville Fair (officially and in , \"\"Seville April Fair\"\") is held in Andalusian capital of Seville, Spain. The fair generally begins two weeks after the Semana Santa, or Easter Holy Week. The fair officially begins at midnight on Monday, and runs six", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6929700", "chunk_text": "Bullfighting\nother parts of Spain they have other names. There is a movement to revoke the ban in the Spanish congress, citing the value of bullfighting as \"\"cultural heritage\"\". The proposal is backed by the majority of parliamentarians. In October 2016 the Spanish Constitutional Court ruled that the regional Catalan Parliament has no competence to ban any kind of spectacle that is legal in Spain. In Costa Rica the law prohibits the killing of bulls and other animals in public and private shows. However, there are still bullfights at the end and beginning of the year that are televised from Palmares", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18848959", "chunk_text": "\"Route of the Bull\"\nRoute of the Bull The Route of the Bull (in Spanish, \"\"Ruta del Toro\"\") is a tourist trail in the province of Cádiz, Spain, that traverses the areas where fighting bulls are raised. These bulls, used in bullfights (corridas) throughout Spain, are of a breed native to Spain, a breed also appreciated for its beef. The Route of the Bull is meant to direct tourists through landscapes where it is possible to observe these totemic animals in their natural habitat, but the scenic beauty of the countryside, and the myriad points of historical and cultural interest along the way, make", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14453479", "chunk_text": "\"Afternoon of the Bulls\"\nis afraid of the bulls and afraid of the wedding with his girlfriend Ana María; finally, an innocent amateur torero dies on the sand. Afternoon of the Bulls Afternoon of the Bulls () is a 1956 Spanish drama film directed by Ladislao Vajda. It was entered into the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. The film was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 29th Academy Awards. In the bullring of Las Ventas, in Madrid, four parallel stories are shown in the film: the senior bullfighter Ricardo Puente breaks up with his lover Paloma; the winner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3618688", "chunk_text": "\"Running of the Nudes\"\nhave promoted the event, coordinating low-cost transportation and accommodations for the runners. The event has become an annual alternative festival to the Running of the Bulls. Local citizens, initially offended by the public display of nudity, have become more accepting due to changing morals and because the new event has extended the traditional festival and added to its important economic impact for the town. Organizers work with local government to obtain permits and provide insurance, as required by local law. Running of the Nudes The Running of the Nudes, like the well-known Running of the Bulls, takes place in Pamplona,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7026220", "chunk_text": "\"Las Ventas\"\nseason starts in March and ends in October; bullfights are held every day during the San Isidro Fiesta, and every Sunday or holiday during the season. Bullfights start at 6 or 7pm and last for two to three hours. \"\"Las Ventas\"\" is located in the east of Madrid. From 1913 to 1920, bullfighting gained such a momentum that Madrid's former main bullring at the Carretera de Aragón was not big enough. It was José Gómez Ortega \"\"Joselito\"\" who complained about the necessity of a new \"\"monumental\"\" bullring, to open this part of Spain's heritage and culture to the whole city", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17748105", "chunk_text": "\"Plaza del Coso\"\nPlaza del Coso The Plaza del Coso is an urban plaza in the locality of Peñafiel, in Valladolid Province, in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. During the year it serves as a bullring during the Festival of San Roque in August, and provides a place for the Descent of the Angel Festival (\"\"Bajada del Ángel\"\"), on Resurrection Sunday. The square is commonly known as \"\"Corro\"\" or \"\"Corro of the Bulls\"\", and has been documented as existing since the Middle Ages. The square is surrounded by 48 buildings, is accessed by two streets, and has an area of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "38304", "chunk_text": "\"Fireworks competitions\"\ntypes of fireworks (including day-time tower fireworks) are burned as part of the religious festivities. The fair also includes the \"\"Burning of the Bulls\"\", which is always held on 8 March in celebration of John of God, the patron saint of Tultepec's pyrotechnicians. This fireworks contest is held every first week of July in Catalonia, Spain. Les Masters de Feu is an international firewoks Festival who take part in Compiègne in France, each year in September since 2016. The World Fireworks Championship was a pyromusical competition in which six pyrotechnics companies took part over three successive weekends. The event took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7355624", "chunk_text": "\"Feria (festival)\"\nThe feria de Nîmes (Pentecost Feria and Harvest Feria) are currently the largest ferias in France. The Pentecost Feria attracts nearly a million visitors over six days. Feria (festival) A feria (fair in English) is an annual local festival in Spain and southern France, characterized by bullfights, bull running in the streets, bodegas (outdoor bars or cellars with festive music) and bandas. The word \"\"festayre\"\" (from the Gascon \"\"hestaire\"\") means ferias' partiers. The Spanish word feria originally designates a fair (agricultural, books, ...). Bullfights are often given on the occasion of fairs, so the Spaniards came to designate by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1596563", "chunk_text": "\"San Roque, Cádiz\"\nalthough the stands and attractions located in the Fairground El Ejido do not open until Wednesday, the day of the inaugural cavalcade. The Royal Fair closes on a Sunday night with a fireworks show and at 7am on the Monday with the Running of the Bulls known locally as Toro del Aguardiente which has occurred yearly since 1649, named as terrified participants are given a shot of the strong alcoholic spirit ‘Aguardiente’ for courage, before running with the bulls to the San Roque bullring, marking the end of the fair. Gabine Muguruza, Tennis Player, French Open Champion, 2016 San Roque,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7355620", "chunk_text": "\"Feria (festival)\"\nFeria (festival) A feria (fair in English) is an annual local festival in Spain and southern France, characterized by bullfights, bull running in the streets, bodegas (outdoor bars or cellars with festive music) and bandas. The word \"\"festayre\"\" (from the Gascon \"\"hestaire\"\") means ferias' partiers. The Spanish word feria originally designates a fair (agricultural, books, ...). Bullfights are often given on the occasion of fairs, so the Spaniards came to designate by the term \"\"fair\"\" a series of bullfightings organized on this occasion, and often - especially in Andalusia - the festivities that accompany these bullfights. In many parts of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3244	when is the flash coming back after christmas?	n/a	[ "January 16, 2018" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160180", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nfrom Earth-X. \"\"Arrow\"\" actor David Ramsey appears as John Diggle, as well as DeVoe's Diggle disguise earlier in the twenty-second episode. The season began airing on October 10, 2017, on The CW in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. The season concluded on May 22, 2018. Sky One acquired the rights to air the season in the UK & Ireland, airing it alongside the other Arrowverse shows. The season premiered October 17. In July 2017, cast from the series appeared at San Diego Comic-Con International to promote the season, where exclusive footage was shown. During the panel, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5962826", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2014 TV series)\"\nin the history of The CW, after \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" in 2009. It has been well received by critics and audiences, and won the People's Choice Award for \"\"Favorite New TV Drama\"\" in 2014. The series, together with \"\"Arrow\"\", has spun characters out to their own show, \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", which premiered on January 21, 2016. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fifth season, which premiered on October 9, 2018. In season one, after witnessing his mother's supernatural murder, Barry Allen is taken in by Detective Joe West and his family. Barry becomes a brilliant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160163", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nThe Flash (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series \"\"The Flash\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017, and ran for 23 episodes until May 22, 2018. The season follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"\"Arrow\"\". The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160182", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nlatest.\"\" Collider's Allison Keene also noted Iris \"\"getting an actual storyline\"\" with Barry gone, and similarly presumed that he \"\"[would] be back in the fold by the end of the first episode\"\" alike to Flashpoint in the third season. She added, \"\"There are some new foes, lots of action, plenty of tech — it's great!\"\" The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late May 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It will be released on Blu-ray on August 28, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 76% approval rating with an average rating of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160186", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nDoviak gave the finale a B+, praising the light tone and character moments, while adding that \"\"None of this can make up for the long stretches of mediocrity this year, but at least it doesn’t leave me with a bad taste in my mouth.\"\" General references The Flash (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series \"\"The Flash\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 10, 2017, and ran for 23 episodes until May 22, 2018. The season follows a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2308144", "chunk_text": "\"Flash in film\"\nLeague\"\" film. On July 20, 2013, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" has reported that the film was rumored to be released in 2016 but it has not been announced. In October 2014, Warner Bros. announced \"\"The Flash\"\" would be released in 2018 as the sixth installment of the DC Extended Universe. Ezra Miller was cast to play the title role of Barry Allen. 1A story treatment for the film will be written by Phil Lord and Chris Miller. The studio was courting the duo to also direct, but they declined due to their busy schedule. The studio instead signed Seth Grahame-Smith to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17363574", "chunk_text": "\"Flash in other media\"\nthat the film was rumored to be released in 2016 but it has not been announced. In October 2014, Warner Bros. announced \"\"The Flash\"\" would be released in 2018 as the sixth installment of the DC Extended Universe. Ezra Miller was cast to play the title role of Barry Allen. However, the Flash project had been renamed 'Flashpoint' and has tentatively been moved to an unspecified 2020 release date but possibly even later making it, at a minimum, the eleventh installment of the DC Extended Universe instead of the sixth. The Flash's first appearance in the DCEU happened in \"\"\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10224715", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\nseason also introduces Barry's \"\"Flash ring\"\" from the comics. The new suit adopts brighter colors than previous suits – which had maroon overtones – and, unlike prior incarnations, does not have a chin strap. Production for the season began on July 6, 2018, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and is set to conclude on April 10, 2019. Kevin Smith will direct an episode of the season. Danielle Panabaker will make her directorial debut this season. Tom Cavanagh directed the eighth episode of the season, which served as the 100th episode of the series and led into the annual crossover. Due to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5962861", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2014 TV series)\"\n\"\"Supergirl\"\" novels. The first, \"\"The Flash: Hocus Pocus\"\", was released on October 3, 2017. The novel takes place in an alternate timeline where the show's \"\"Flashpoint\"\" event never occurred, and The Flash must fight a villain known as Hocus Pocus who can control the minds and actions of people. A sequel, \"\"The Flash: Johnny Quick\"\" was released on April 3, 2018, as well as a third novel, titled \"\"The Flash: The Tornado Twins\"\", on October 2, 2018. On October 21, 2016, \"\"The Art and Making of The Flash\"\" by Abbie Bernstein was released. This is a 160-page behind-the-scenes book with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10224706", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\nThe Flash (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series \"\"The Flash\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 9, 2018 and is set to consist of 22 episodes. The season follows Barry, a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities, as he deals with the consequences of his future daughter's time traveling. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"\"Arrow\"\". The season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160164", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nAndrew Kreisberg and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2017, and filming began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Keiynan Lonsdale, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons, and are joined by Neil Sandilands. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a fourth season on January 8, 2017, earlier than usual for the series. Executive producer Andrew Kreisberg said on this, \"\"The great thing about our dear friends at The CW and Mark Pedowitz picking the shows up as early as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160178", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nblack market of metahuman supervillains. Filming for the season began on July 4, 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded on April 21, 2018. Kevin Smith returned to direct an episode in January 2018. In August 2017, series composer Blake Neely and Nathaniel Blume began to compose the music for the fourth season. In May 2017, The CW president Mark Pedowitz officially announced plans for a four-show Arrowverse crossover event, crossing over episodes of the television series \"\"Supergirl\"\", \"\"The Flash\"\", \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", and \"\"Arrow\"\". The crossover, \"\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\", began with \"\"Supergirl\"\" and a special airing of \"\"Arrow\"\" on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8155557", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lightning (TV series)\"\nLightning\"\". In February 2017, Fox passed on the series, with it being picked up by The CW with a new script for the pilot. The CW officially ordered the series in May 2017. The first season premiered on January 16, 2018, for a 13-episode run. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the show for a second season, which premiered on October 9, 2018. High school principal Jefferson Pierce, who retired from his superhero persona Black Lightning nine years ago after seeing the effects it had on his family, is forced to become a vigilante again when the rise of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16417100", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\nMartin's back injury, the majority of his scenes were shot depicting Joe seated. In May 2018, \"\"Arrow\"\" star Stephen Amell announced at The CW upfronts that the next Arrowverse crossover would feature Batwoman and Gotham City. The crossover \"\"Elseworlds\"\" is slated to launch a 2019 solo series for the character. The season premiered on The CW in the United States on October 9, 2018. The annual crossover episode will swap time-slots with \"\"Supergirl\"\" for that week and will air on Sunday, December 9. The main cast of the season as well as executive producer Todd Helbing attended San Diego Comic-Con", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18042411", "chunk_text": "\"Ezra Miller\"\n\"\"\"\", which was released in November 2018. Miller portrays Barry Allen / The Flash in Warner Bros.' DC Comics adaptations, first appearing in cameos in \"\"\"\" and \"\"Suicide Squad\"\", and then snatching the role as one of the leads in \"\"Justice League\"\". Miller is set to play the character in the solo Flash film \"\"Flashpoint\"\". Miller attended Middle East Film and Comic Con in 2018 representing their character in the DC Comics franchise film \"\"Justice League\"\". Miller identifies as queer, specifying: \"\"The way I would choose to identify myself wouldn't be gay. I've been attracted mostly to 'shes' but I've", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "537610", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\non July 21, 2018 to promote the season. Starting on September 14, 2018, several billboards advertising Ralph Dibny as a private investigator were seen around Vancouver, the city where the show is filmed. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating for the fifth season with an average rating of 7.96/10, based on 132 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"\"\"The Flash\"\"s fifth season maintains the show's high standard for compelling visuals, chilling villains, and well-scripted moments of humor, but also turns a more focused gaze on the role of family dynamics amongst the increasingly complex characters.\"\" Reviewing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2907148", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nactions of people. A sequel, \"\"The Flash: Johnny Quick\"\" was released on April 3, 2018, as well as a third novel known as \"\"The Flash: The Tornado Twins\"\" slated for a release on October 2, 2018. The second of these trilogies began in November, 2017 with \"\"Supergirl: Age of Atlantis\"\". The novel features Supergirl dealing with a surge of new powered people in National City, as well as a mysterious humanoid sea creature captured by the DEO who is seemingly attracted by the new superpowered people. A sequel, \"\"Supergirl: Curse of the Ancients\"\", was released on May 1, 2018, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11280014", "chunk_text": "\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\ntrailers for the event were released throughout November, before the full trailer was released on November 20. All four episodes and the behind-the-scenes featurette \"\"Inside the Crossover: Crisis on Earth-X\"\", were released on Blu-ray and DVD in Region 1 along with the rest of \"\"Arrow\"\"s sixth season on August 14, 2018, with \"\"The Flash\"\"s fourth season on August 23, with \"\"Supergirl\"\"s third season on September 18, and with \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\"s third season on September 25. The four episodes were released together on a separate DVD on September 3, 2018 in Region 2, and September 5 in Region 4. Unlike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19576874", "chunk_text": "\"What's Past Is Prologue (The Flash)\"\n\"\"Supergirl\"\" co-showrunner Robert Rovner added that the tease was only supposed to air with \"\"The Flash\"\"s eight episode, before being added to the other two episodes to make things easier for viewers since they \"\"are coming to [the crossover] from our separate shows and we wanted something that [connects them together].\"\" \"\"What's Past is Prologue\"\" was first aired in the United States on The CW on December 4, 2018. It became available for streaming on Netflix in Canada on December 6, 2018, while it was first aired in the United Kingdom on Sky One on December 6, as well. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2907147", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nin his attempts at revenge, was released in May 2018. Written by Richard A. Knaak, the novel is titled \"\"The Flash: Climate Changeling\"\". In May 2017, it was announced that Abrams Books would be releasing two trilogies of middle-grade novels for \"\"The Flash\"\" and \"\"Supergirl\"\", written by Barry Lyga and Jo Whittemore, respectively. The first of these novels, \"\"The Flash: Hocus Pocus\"\", was released on October 3, 2017. The novel takes place in an alternate timeline where the show's \"\"Flashpoint\"\" event never occurred, and The Flash must fight a villain known as Hocus Pocus who can control the minds and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19576859", "chunk_text": "\"What's Past Is Prologue (The Flash)\"\n1990 television series in a pre-credits scene that ties-in with the Arrowverse crossover \"\"Elseworlds\"\". \"\"What's Past Is Prologue\"\" originally aired on The CW on December 4, 2018, and was watched by 1.78 million viewers according to Nielsen Media Research. The episode received a positive critical response. Barry Allen and Nora West-Allen time travel to gather items to stop Cicada; a highly magnetic alloy from Savitar's armor, dark matter, and Harry Wells' Speed Force transmitter to transfer dark matter into the armor piece. They first travel to Barry's final battle against Savitar. After a Time Wraith appears, Barry distracts it so", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2244228", "chunk_text": "\"Flash in other media\"\nthe character. On 25 July 2016, Kiersey Clemons was announced as being cast in the role of Iris West. In August 2016, Ray Fisher was announced to reprise his role as Victor Stone / Cyborg. However director Famuyiwa denied Cyborg's involvement in the film. Filming was scheduled to start in January 2017 in London, England. On September 9, 2016, \"\"Variety\"\" reported that Billy Crudup was in talks for the role of Henry Allen. On October 31, 2016, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" reported that Famuyiwa had left the film over creative differences. In an interview with IGN, Miller explained that his character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12137320", "chunk_text": "\"Static Shock\"\non January 30, 2018; and the fourth on April 13, 2018. Starting in September 2018, all episodes of the series have been made available on the DC Universe digital streaming service. \"\"Static Shock\"\"s episodes handle a variety of issues, including gangs, gun violence, homelessness, bullying, racism, mental illness, bigotry, and drugs. Other episodes also featured the subject of Chanukah and Christmas celebrations. The series was also marked by several crossover episodes with characters from the DC animated universe like Superman, Green Lantern, the Justice League, and the \"\"Batman Beyond\"\" cast. Several episodes also featured guest voice actors, including basketballers (like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2907146", "chunk_text": "Arrowverse\nClay Griffith, which was released by Titan on March 28, 2017, which detailed Team Flash and Team Arrow working together to eliminate the bizarre energy that threatens to kill the Flash. When their quest leads them to Markovia, they must get past an army of mercenaries and assassins to face the mysterious Count Wallenstein. A fourth novel entitled \"\"Arrow: Fatal Legacies\"\" was released in January 2018. It is co-authored by \"\"Arrow\"\" executive producer Marc Guggenheim and James R. Tuck, and is set between the fifth-season finale and sixth-season premiere of \"\"Arrow\"\". A fifth novel, following \"\"The Flash\"\" villain Weather Wizard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18484670", "chunk_text": "\"DC Extended Universe\"\nfilm. \"\"Justice League\"\" was released worldwide on November 17, 2017. \"\"Justice League\"\" introduced various characters, including J. K. Simmons as James Gordon, Amber Heard as Mera, and Billy Crudup as Henry Allen. Additionally, Joe Manganiello as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke was also introduced in a post-credits scene, teasing an alliance between him and Alexander \"\"Lex\"\" Luthor. Kiersey Clemons as Iris West and Willem Dafoe as Nuidis Vulko were to be introduced but their scenes were ultimately cut from the film. Following the events of \"\"Justice League\"\", Arthur Curry / Aquaman must fight to retain the Atlantean throne from opposing threats.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "553659", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 4)\"\nLegends of Tomorrow (season 4) The fourth season of the American television series \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", which is based on characters from DC Comics, premiered on The CW on October 22, 2018, and is set to consist of 16 episodes. The season follows the Legends, a dysfunctional team of time-traveling superheroes and anti-heroes, and their mission to recapture the magical fugitives that they accidentally released throughout time. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"\"Arrow\"\" and \"\"The Flash\"\". The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8155560", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lightning (TV series)\"\nshow for a second season, which premiered on October 9, 2018. Salim Akil stated that \"\"Black Lightning\"\" would not follow the villain of the week format or be a procedural, because he wanted to \"\"explore the characters, even the villains\"\". In late February 2017, Cress Williams was cast as Jefferson Pierce / Black Lightning, followed a month later by the casting of China Anne McClain and Nafessa Williams as his daughters, Jennifer Pierce and Anissa Pierce, respectively, and Christine Adams was cast as Lynn Pierce, Jefferson's ex-wife. At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con International, it was announced that James Remar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1372113", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 5)\"\nis produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with Todd Helbing serving as showrunner. The season was ordered in April 2018, and production began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons, while Hartley Sawyer, Danielle Nicolet, and Jessica Parker Kennedy were promoted to series regulars from their recurring statuses in season four. They are joined by new cast member Chris Klein. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Danielle Panabaker will direct the eighteenth episode of the season. Rebecca Johnson and Kevin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10983659", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 2)\"\nTelevision, and DC Entertainment, with Andrew Kreisberg, Gabrielle Stanton, Aaron Helbing, and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2015, and filmed from that July to the following April in Vancouver. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, alongside principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from the first season, and are joined by Keiynan Lonsdale. This season also introduces characters from \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", which was being developed as a spin-off. The first episode of the season premiered on October 6, 2015, with the season, consisting of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18838259", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2014 TV series)\"\nQueen, due to his own abilities beginning to break down, in order to deal with five members of his Rogues Gallery—including Pied Piper, Weather Wizard, and Peekaboo. The story continued in \"\"Arrow — A Generation of Vipers\"\", released on March 28, 2017. A subsequent novel, following the villain Weather Wizard in his attempts at revenge, was released in May 2018. Written by Richard A. Knaak, it is titled \"\"The Flash: Climate Changeling\"\". In October, 2017, Abrams Books started a new trilogy of \"\"The Flash\"\" novels, written by Barry Lyga, aimed at middle-grade readers in tandem with a similar trilogy of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20963024", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 3)\"\n\"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" on November 28. The third season began airing on October 10, 2017 on The CW in the United States, and concluded on April 9, 2018. The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late April 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It was released on Blu-Ray on September 25, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 8.27/10 based on 13 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"\"\"DC's Legends of Tomorrow\"\" lightens up the tone in its third season while spotlighting adventurous plots and a distinct", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5755762", "chunk_text": "\"Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash\"\nas Doctor Fate overlooks everything. The film was released digitally on February 13, 2018 and on DVD and Blu-ray on March 13, 2018. The film later aired on Cartoon Network on May 28, 2018 and was watched by 703,000 viewers. Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash is an American direct-to-video animated film. It is a superhero action-adventure comedy, based on the DC Comics and Lego brands. It is produced by DC Entertainment, The Lego Group and Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment, and was released digitally on February", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18020597", "chunk_text": "\"Elseworlds (Arrowverse)\"\nElseworlds (Arrowverse) \"\"Elseworlds\"\" is the fifth annual Arrowverse crossover event, featuring episodes of the live-action television series \"\"The Flash\"\", \"\"Arrow\"\", and \"\"Supergirl\"\" on The CW. The crossover began on December 9, 2018, with \"\"The Flash\"\", continued on \"\"Arrow\"\" on December 10, and concluded on \"\"Supergirl\"\" on December 11. \"\"Elseworlds\"\" introduces the characters Batwoman and Lois Lane to the universe, as well as the fictional Gotham City. In the crossover, Green Arrow, Flash, and Supergirl are drawn to Gotham City to confront Dr. John Deegan over his work at Arkham Asylum. The crossover was confirmed in May 2018 at The CW's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2308146", "chunk_text": "\"Flash in film\"\nthe character. On 25 July 2016, Kiersey Clemons was announced as being cast in the role of Iris West. In August 2016, Ray Fisher was announced to reprise his role as Victor Stone / Cyborg. However director Famuyiwa denied Cyborg's involvement in the film. Filming was scheduled to start in January 2017 in London, England. On September 9, 2016, \"\"Variety\"\" reported that Billy Crudup was in talks for the role of Henry Allen. On October 31, 2016, \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" reported that Famuyiwa had left the film over creative differences. In an interview with IGN, Miller explained that his character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18020598", "chunk_text": "\"Elseworlds (Arrowverse)\"\nupfront presentation, where the inclusion of Batwoman and Gotham City were revealed. Throughout that August and September, casting for the crossover was revealed, including Ruby Rose as Batwoman, Elizabeth Tulloch as Lois Lane, and the announcement that Tyler Hoechlin would return to portray Superman. The title of the crossover was also revealed at the end of September, with filming beginning in October 2018. Additionally, \"\"Elseworlds\"\" sees Arrowverse actors portraying other roles, as well as John Wesley Shipp reprising his role as Barry Allen / Flash from the 1990 series \"\"The Flash\"\". The conclusion of \"\"Elseworlds\"\" revealed \"\"Crisis on Infinite Earths\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17398980", "chunk_text": "\"Black Lightning (season 2)\"\nBlack Lightning (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"\"Black Lightning\"\", which is based on the DC Comics character Jefferson Pierce / Black Lightning, premiered on The CW on October 9, 2018 and will consist of 16 episodes. The season continues to follow Jefferson, a high school principal who recently re-emerged from retirement as the superhero Black Lightning, as he fights against the rising crime and corruption propagated by the local gang called The 100 in his community of Freeland. The season is produced by Berlanti Productions, Akil Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with Salim", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18730989", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (2016)\"\nWoman and Aquaman are at war with one another and have decimated Western Europe, among other changes. Following its conclusion, the series radically changed the status quo of the DC Universe, leading to The New 52. DC cancelled all of their titles and debuted 52 new series in September 2011 with new first issues. One of the new 52 series starting in September was the fourth volume of \"\"The Flash\"\", starring Barry Allen. In February 2015, it was announced that following the \"\"Convergence\"\" storyline in May, DC would be ending its New 52 branding, though the continuity established post-\"\"Flashpoint\"\" would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5822848", "chunk_text": "\"Young Justice (TV series)\"\nreturning for a third season, titled , which will premiere in early 2019. On November 17, 2018, a teaser trailer for the upcoming season revealed that it would be released on January 4, 2019. \"\"Young Justice\"\" focuses on the lives of a group of teenage sidekicks attempting to establish themselves as proven superheroes as they deal with normal adolescent issues in their personal lives. The show corresponds to the present time of our world, a time period Vietti has called \"\"a new age of heroes\"\". Robin, Aqualad, Kid Flash, and Speedy (Later revealed to be a clone of the original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5755755", "chunk_text": "\"Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash\"\nLego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash is an American direct-to-video animated film. It is a superhero action-adventure comedy, based on the DC Comics and Lego brands. It is produced by DC Entertainment, The Lego Group and Warner Bros. Animation and distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment, and was released digitally on February 13, 2018 and was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 13, 2018. It is the seventh Lego DC Comics Super Heroes film. The second Atom is introduced into the Justice League as the Joker poisons Metropolis with his Joker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9965284", "chunk_text": "\"Arrow (TV series)\"\nof soundtracks was also released. In October 2014, a spin-off series entitled \"\"The Flash\"\" premiered. In August 2015, an animated spin-off, \"\"Vixen\"\", was released, while a second live-action spin-off, \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", premiered in January 2016, featuring several characters from \"\"Arrow\"\" and \"\"The Flash\"\". All four shows are set in a shared universe collectively known as the Arrowverse. On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a seventh season, which premiered on October 15, 2018. The series follows Oliver Queen, billionaire playboy of Starling City, who is discovered on the mysterious island of Lian Yu five years after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10241028", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 4)\"\nhis reason being his desire to seek other acting opportunities. This is the first season not to feature Arthur Darvill, who starred as Rip Hunter in the first two seasons, and recurred in the third season. It is also the first not to feature Victor Garber and Franz Drameh, who starred as Martin Stein and Jefferson Jackson respectively, in the previous seasons. Production for the season began on July 5, 2018, in Vancouver, and is expected to conclude on January 24, 2019. On June 20, The CW released its fall schedule, revealing that the series would move from the 8:00", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4747598", "chunk_text": "\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\nCrisis on Earth-X \"\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\" is the fourth annual Arrowverse crossover event, featuring episodes of the live-action television series \"\"Supergirl\"\", \"\"Arrow\"\", \"\"The Flash\"\", and \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" on The CW. The crossover began on November 27, 2017, with \"\"Supergirl\"\" and \"\"Arrow\"\", and concluded on November 28, with \"\"The Flash\"\" and \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\". In \"\"Crisis on Earth-X\"\", Barry Allen and Iris West's friends come to Central City for their wedding, only for the proceedings to be interrupted by interlopers from the analogous universe of Earth-X where World War II was won by the Axis Powers. Development for a crossover", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10241029", "chunk_text": "\"Legends of Tomorrow (season 4)\"\npm Monday time-slot to the 9:00 pm time-slot, to serve as the lead-out to \"\"Arrow\"\". The season began airing in the United States on The CW on October 22, 2018. The main cast of the season as well as Phil Klemmer attended San Diego Comic-Con on July 21, 2018, to promote the season. On October 15, 2018, Routh released a mock political ad on his Twitter page, voiced by Zano. The ad jokingly claimed that \"\"Arrow\"\", \"\"The Flash\"\", and \"\"Supergirl\"\" were trying to keep attention away from \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\", followed by many headlines as well as real and fake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1121021", "chunk_text": "\"Flashpoint (comics)\"\n2011, but was withdrawn. The storyline is loosely adapted in the film \"\"\"\" as well as in the third season of the CW network television series \"\"The Flash\"\". At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, it was announced that \"\"Flashpoint\"\" will be adapted into a feature film as part of the DC Extended Universe. Barry Allen wakes up to discover everything and everyone around him has changed. He is not Flash, nor does he have powers. His mother Nora (deceased in his own timeline) is alive; his father, Henry, died of a heart attack three years ago (instead of in prison).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7204354", "chunk_text": "\"Flash vs. Arrow\"\nAmell, Gustin, David Ramsey, Emily Bett Rickards, Danielle Panabaker and Carlos Valdes were joined by executive producers Berlanti, Kreisberg and Guggenheim for a Q&A panel. The first part of the crossover, \"\"The Flash\"\", was broadcast on December 2, 2014, followed by part two on \"\"Arrow\"\" on December 3, both on The CW. The crossover was simulcast with the US broadcast in Canada on CTV. It first aired in the United Kingdom on Channel 5 on December 16 and December 18, 2014. In Australia, the episodes aired back-to-back on January 28, 2015, on Fox8, after Nine Network, which broadcasts \"\"Arrow\"\", allowed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8160179", "chunk_text": "\"The Flash (season 4)\"\nNovember 27, 2017, and concluded on \"\"The Flash\"\" and \"\"Legends of Tomorrow\"\" on November 28. In August 2017, Berlanti noted that it would be \"\"a big life event for a few different people\"\" that would bring them all together for the crossover, adding \"\"There are many life events that happen.\"\" Prior to that, \"\"Arrow\"\" actress Emily Bett Rickards appears as Felicity Smoak in the fifth episode of the season. Following the crossover, Katie Cassidy (who has previously appeared on \"\"The Flash\"\" as both Laurel Lance and Black Siren) appears in the nineteenth episode as Siren-X, an alternate version of Laurel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20540880", "chunk_text": "\"Arrow (season 7)\"\nfrom previous seasons. On September 22, Katherine McNamara was cast in a recurring role as Maya. Jack Moore returned in the role of Oliver's son William Clayton, with Ben Lewis portraying the character in flashforwards. Production for the season began on July 6, 2018, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and is set to conclude on April 18, 2019. In May 2018, Stephen Amell revealed that co-star David Ramsey would direct the eleventh episode of the season, marking Ramsey's directorial debut. Amell also grew a beard during the filming hiatus to accurately resemble the Green Arrow of the comics. In May 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8883228", "chunk_text": "\"Gorilla City (The Flash)\"\ntheir performances. Due to a prolonged snowfall in Vancouver, filming of the \"\"Gorilla City\"\" scenes had to be moved south of the original site. Visual effects for both episodes were handled by Encore Post. According to post-production producer Jeff Garrett, episodes with Grodd cost 50 percent more than other Flash episodes. The first part, \"\"Attack on Gorilla City\"\", aired on February 21, 2017, and concluded with part two, \"\"Attack on Central City\"\", on February 28, both on The CW. The event was simulcast with the US broadcast in Canada on CTV for the first part, after which the series moved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7179374", "chunk_text": "\"Supergirl (season 4)\"\nthe next Arrowverse crossover would feature Batwoman and Gotham City. The crossover \"\"Elseworlds\"\" is slated to launch a 2019 solo series for the character. In May 2018, it was announced that \"\"Supergirl\"\", which had aired on Mondays since its debut, would move to Sundays for its fourth season due to The CW's programming expansion to Sunday nights. The season premiered on The CW in the United States on October 14, 2018. The annual crossover episode will swap time-slots with \"\"The Flash\"\" for that week and will air on Tuesday, December 11. The main cast of the season as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279911", "chunk_text": "\"Elseworlds (Arrowverse)\"\nnormally airs on Tuesdays at 8 pm, and \"\"Supergirl\"\", which normally airs on Sundays at 8 pm, swapped time-slots for the crossover. The first teasers for the crossover aired on November 12 and 13, 2018, during episodes of \"\"Arrow\"\" and \"\"The Flash\"\", respectively. On November 16, DC Comics released a poster for the event in the style of a comics cover, drawn by Amy Reeder. An additional teaser for the first episode aired during the November 18 episode of \"\"Supergirl\"\", and a week later, the official trailer was released. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3245	when do you get your white coat in pharmacy school?	n/a	[ "before the first year begins" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2648558", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nno longer limited to medical students; starting in 1995, US pharmacy schools started holding WCCs, with the difference that most pharmacy students receive their coats at the end of their first academic year. In 2003 a survey found that the majority of US pharmacy schools hold WCCs. The Gold-sponsored version of the WCC, or a similar rite of passage, is currently used by 97 percent of Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)-accredited schools of medicine in the United States, and takes place at medical and osteopathic schools in 13 other countries. In December 2006 the first white coat ceremony was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3521209", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nWhite coat ceremony The White Coat Ceremony (WCC) is a relatively new ritual in some medical (MD, DO), dental, optometry, audiology, chiropractic, dietetic, occupational therapy, physical therapy, podiatric, pharmacy, physician assistant, pathologists' assistant, nursing, naturopathic and veterinary schools that marks the student's transition from the study of preclinical to clinical health sciences. At some schools, where students begin meeting patients early in their education, the white coat ceremony is held before the first year begins. It is an example of a matriculation. WCCs typically involve a formal \"\"coating\"\" of students. Over 100 medical schools in the United States now have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3521214", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nHalle via channels of the German Medical Students' Association (bvmd). On April 12, 2010, The University of Queensland's(Australia) School of Pharmacy became the first in Australia to adopt the ceremony for its incoming Bachelor of Pharmacy students. On April 29, 2011, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn was the first medical school in Poland, that has introduced the White Coat Ceremony. In September 2011, Jagiellonian University in Kraków became the first medical school in Poland to introduce a white coat ceremony for the incoming class. \"\" On February 28, 2011, the Faculty of Medicine at the Università del Piemonte", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "581754", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\nWhite coat A white coat or laboratory coat (often abbreviated to lab coat) is a knee-length overcoat/smock worn by professionals in the medical field or by those involved in laboratory work. The coat protects their street clothes and also serves as a simple uniform. The garment is made from white or light-colored cotton, linen, or cotton polyester blend, allowing it to be washed at high temperature and making it easy to see if it is clean. Similar coats are a symbol of learning in Argentina and Uruguay, where they are worn by both students and teachers in state schools. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3521210", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\na WCC, and many students now consider it a rite of passage in the journey toward a healthcare career. Some schools also use this as a graduation from the entire program. For example, Moreno Valley College has a White Coat Ceremony for the Physician Assistant students at the end of their final term, where the short coats are discarded and long coats are given as a symbol of being equal clinicians to others who have earned the long coats. According to some, WCCs have taken on a quasi-religious significance, that symbolizes a \"\"conversion\"\" of a lay person into a member", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2648557", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nceremony marks a change in tradition, introducing students to the Oath before starting their first year of study. This was intended to provide students with well-defined guidelines regarding the expectations and responsibilities appropriate for the medical profession prior to their first day of class. Since its conception at Columbia, the WCC has spread rapidly to schools of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, osteopathic medicine, optometry, and nursing worldwide. Since starting in the US, several medical schools in countries outside of the United States (such as Iran, Israel, Canada, UK, Dominican Republic, Brazil and Poland) have also started holding WCCs. The ceremony is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2648556", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nbegan to wear the most recognizable symbol of the scientist - the white laboratory coat. This led to the more recent association of the white coat with medicine since its continued adoption. WCCs originated in University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine in 1989, but the first full-fledged ceremony was at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. In 1993, Dr. Arnold P. Gold, a teacher and pediatric neurologist, created the first full-fledged WCC at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. Before this ceremony, medical students typically received the Hippocratic Oath for the first time at commencement. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "581756", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\nto represent themselves as scientists, and began to wear the most recognizable symbol of the scientist, the white laboratory coat. Recently, white coat ceremonies have become popular amongst those starting medical school. The modern white coat was introduced to medicine in the late 1800s as a symbol of cleanliness. A study conducted in the United Kingdom found that the majority of patients prefer their doctors to wear white coats, but the majority of doctors prefer other clothing, such as scrubs. The study found that psychiatrists were among the least likely to wear white coats and when they are worn, they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "581759", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\nentrance into medical school and, more recently, into a number of related health-related schools and professions. It originated at University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine in 1989 and involves a formal \"\"robing\"\" or \"\"cloaking\"\" in white lab coats. Studies have shown that doctor's coats worn in hospitals can harbor contagions including MRSA. In 2007, the UK National Health Service started banning long-sleeved coats. In 2009, the American Medical Association investigated banning coats with long sleeves to protect patients, but did not institute a ban. A study published in 2011 investigating the effectiveness of the NHS ban showed no statistical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3521216", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nthe All American Institute of Medical Sciences, Jamaica, became the first in Jamaica to introduce this ritual, for its Basic Sciences medical students. In 2014 the Arnold P. Gold Foundation for Humanism in Medicine partnered with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) to pilot the White Coat Ceremony at nursing schools. On 13th of July 2017. The medical school of University Of Tripoli became the first Libyan University to introduce this event. White coat ceremony The White Coat Ceremony (WCC) is a relatively new ritual in some medical (MD, DO), dental, optometry, audiology, chiropractic, dietetic, occupational therapy, physical", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3521215", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nOrientale \"\"Amedeo Avogadro\"\" in Novara became the first Italian medical school to introduce a white coat ceremony for its third year students. On October 5, 2012, the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy \"\"Gr. T. POPA\"\" of Iasi, Romania, became the first Romanian university to integrate this ritual, for its first year medical students, into the symbolism of developing as a physician. On October 8, 2012, the Medical University of Graz became the first university in Austria to celebrate a white coat ceremony of its third-year students. On December 6, 2012, the School of Medicine at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2648555", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nof the healthcare profession and is similar to a priest's ordination to the priesthood, although it is notable that the white coat is a recent adoption by the medical profession. However, in many medical schools around the world students begin wearing their white coats during first year anatomy class, so there is no official white coat ceremony. In the nineteenth century respect for the certainty of science was in stark contrast to the quackery and mysticism of nineteenth century medicine. To emphasize the transition to the more scientific approach to modern medicine, physicians sought to represent themselves as scientists and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18001161", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\ndaily uniform in countries like Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, Bolivia and Morocco. It also was formerly worn during past decades in Paraguay and Chile. White coat A white coat or laboratory coat (often abbreviated to lab coat) is a knee-length overcoat/smock worn by professionals in the medical field or by those involved in laboratory work. The coat protects their street clothes and also serves as a simple uniform. The garment is made from white or light-colored cotton, linen, or cotton polyester blend, allowing it to be washed at high temperature and making it easy to see if it is clean. Similar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12874373", "chunk_text": "\"White coat ceremony\"\nheld by Fatima Jinnah Dental College (FJDC), in Karachi, Pakistan. In October 2008 the white coat ceremony was held at the VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, it was the first ceremony held in The Netherlands. In 2011 Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam also participated in holding the ceremony at their medical faculty. On October 13, 2010, the faculty of medicine at the University of Cologne, Germany, became the first German-speaking University to integrate this ritual into its programme. Initiated by then-student representative Hormos Salimi Dafsari in Cologne, the ceremony has been spread to various German cities such as Leipzig and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10476685", "chunk_text": "Matriculation\nLeo University, Scripps College, Trinity College, Tufts University, The University of Saint Mary (Kansas), University of Wisconsin–Baraboo/Sauk County, Virginia Military Institute, Wabash College, Walsh University, Washington and Jefferson College, and Willamette University. Some medical schools highlight matriculation with a white coat ceremony. For example, UAB School of Medicine does so. At most universities and colleges in the United States, \"\"matriculation\"\" refers to mere enrollment or registration as a student at a university or college by a student intending to earn a degree, an event which involves no special ceremony. Universities and colleges in the United States commonly have a category", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19376766", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\nTunisia and Mozambique, teachers wear white coats to protect their street clothes from chalk. Like the word \"\"suit\"\", the phrase \"\"white coat\"\" is sometimes used as a synecdoche to denote the wearer, such as a scientist working in a high-tech company. White coats are sometimes seen as the distinctive dress of both physicians and surgeons, who have worn them for over 100 years. In the nineteenth century, respect for the certainty of science was in stark contrast to the quackery and mysticism of nineteenth century medicine. To emphasize the transition to the more scientific approach to modern medicine, physicians sought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18001159", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\nsecure them around the wrist so that they do not hang into containers of chemicals. Short-sleeved lab coats also exist where protection from substances such as acid is not necessary, and are favoured by certain scientists, such as microbiologists, avoiding the problem of hanging sleeves altogether, combined with the ease of washing the forearms (an important consideration in microbiology). For added safety, a variant of the lab coat, called a \"\"Howie\"\" style lab coat is often adopted. It is called such after a 1978 report commissioned by the UK department of Health and Social Security to codify standard clinical laboratory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "581758", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\nas verbal shorthand for psychiatric orderlies or other personnel and may be used, in a usually jocular manner, to imply someone's lunacy or paranoia. Until the mid-1920s, students who were examining cadavers would wear black lab coats to show respect for the dead. Black lab coats were used in early biomedical and microbiology laboratories. The \"\"whiteness\"\" and \"\"pureness\"\" concepts that were established in medicine pervaded that environment at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries and physicians changed the black for the white coat. A white coat ceremony is a relatively new ritual that marks one's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19376768", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\nare typically worn over the scrubs. Some medical doctors view the coats as hot and uncomfortable, and many feel that they spread infection. Some patients who have their blood pressure measured in a clinical setting have higher readings than they do when measured in a home setting. This is apparently a result of patients feeling more relaxed when they are at home. The phenomenon is sometimes called \"\"white coat hypertension,\"\" in reference to the traditional white coats worn in a clinical setting, though the coats themselves may have nothing to do with the elevated readings. The term is also used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8214030", "chunk_text": "\"Medical College of Georgia\"\nby the centers. The Athens campus is part of the AU/UGA partnership and began first hosted students in 2010, aimed at growing the number of physicians the state produces. First-year medical students are given their white coats in an annual tradition to mark their first steps as a medical professional. The jacket is shorter than the long coats full-fledged doctors wear, to mark them as students until they earn their full degree. As with many medical schools around the country, Match Day marks the day fourth-year students are given the location of their residencies on the third Friday of March.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6371341", "chunk_text": "Pharmacist\npharmacy program, of which six months must be a pharmacy internship. To be admitted to pharmacy studies, students must complete a minimum of three years of gymnasium, similar to high school (school for about 15–20-year-old students) program in natural science after elementary school (6–16-year-olds). Only three universities in the whole of Sweden offer a pharmacy education, Uppsala University, where the Faculty of Pharmacy is located, the University of Gothenburg, and Umeå University. In Sweden, pharmacists are called \"\"Apotekare\"\". At pharmacies in Sweden, pharmacists work together with another class of legislated health care professionals called \"\"Receptarier\"\", in English so-called \"\"prescriptionists\"\", who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6371357", "chunk_text": "Pharmacist\nof pharmacy program depends upon completing specific prerequisites or obtaining a transferable bachelor's degree. Pharmacy school is four years of graduate school (accelerated Pharmacy Schools go January to January and are only 3 years), which include at least one year of practical experience. Graduates receive a Doctorate of Pharmacy (PharmD) upon graduation. Most schools require students to take a Pharmacy College Admissions Test PCAT and complete 90 credit hours of university coursework in the sciences, mathematics, composition, and humanities before entry into the PharmD program. Due to the large admittance requirements and highly competitive nature of the field, most pharmacy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15601579", "chunk_text": "\"Pritzker School of Medicine\"\ntheir honor in 1968. Pritzker was the first medical school to hold the now international tradition of the white coat ceremony in 1989, which celebrates the students' transition and commitment to a lifelong career as a physician. For the entering Class of 2016-2017, 5,640 people applied and 719 interviewed for 88 spots in the class. Accepted applicants had a median GPA of 3.88 and median MCAT score of 520. The Pritzker School of Medicine offers the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree. The school offers joint doctorate degrees through its Medical Scientist Training Program, Growth, Development, and Disabilities Training Program and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "319925", "chunk_text": "\"Scrubs (clothing)\"\nenvironment, the wearing of outside clothing is thought to introduce unwanted pathogens. Nearly all patient care personnel at hospitals in the United States wear some form of scrubs while on duty, as do some staffers in doctor, dental, and veterinary offices. Doctors in the United States may wear their own clothes with a white coat except for surgery. Support staff such as custodians and unit clerks also wear scrubs in some facilities. When the physician is not performing surgery, the scrub is often worn under a white coat. In the UK, all NHS hospital trusts have stringent clothing policies, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6371358", "chunk_text": "Pharmacist\nstudents complete a bachelor's degree before entry to pharmacy school. Possible prerequisites: Besides taking classes, additional requirements before graduating may include a certain number of hours for community service, e.g., working in hospitals, clinics, and retail. Estimated timeline: 4 years undergraduate + 4 years doctorate + 1–2 years residency + 1–3 years fellowship = 8–13 years A doctorate of pharmacy (except non-traditional, i.e. transferring a license from another country) is the only degree accepted by the National Associate of Boards of Pharmacy NABP to be eligible to \"\"sit\"\" for the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX). Previously the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529345", "chunk_text": "Whitecoat\nbanned the offshore commercial hunting of whitecoats and bluebacks on December 30, 1987. Whitecoat A whitecoat is a newborn harp or grey seal with soft, white fur. Newborn seals have yellow fur because of amniotic fluid, and are still wet. When the pup dries, it is called a yellowcoat. The amniotic stain fades and the fur turns white within a few days, and it gets the name whitecoat. First it's called a \"\"thin whitecoat\"\", and when it becomes visibly fatter it is a \"\"fat whitecoat\"\". Nursing lasts for about 12 days. Cows frequently return to their pups to suckle. While", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12787389", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmacy school\"\nfour years. During the application process, their high school grades and the score on the entrance exam (пријемни испит/prijemni ispit) are taken into account, and the best students are enrolled. Entrance exam includes testing of students' knowledge of chemistry and mathematics. Studies last 5 years (10 semesters) and the title after graduation is \"\"Master of Pharmacy\"\" (магистар фармације/magistar farmacije). The usual information that students attain include pharmacology, pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutical technology, cosmetology, nutrition, chemistry, and other pharmaceutical-based studies. Graduated pharmacists can either move on to postgraduate studies or get employed in pharmacies, pharmaceutical industry, control of quality of medications,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10072658", "chunk_text": "Pharmacist\nExam, California Jurisprudence Exam, and Virginia Law Exam, respectively. Residency is an option for post-graduates that is typically 1–2 years in length. A residency gives licensed pharmacists decades of clinical experience in an extremely condensed timeframe of only a few short years. In order for new graduates to remain competitive, employers generally favor residency trained applicants for clinical positions. The profession is moving toward resident-trained pharmacists who wish to provide direct patient care clinical services. In 1990, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) required the new professional degree. Graduates from a PharmD program may also elect to do", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8811595", "chunk_text": "\"Whitecoat Health Service Directory\"\nAs of 2018 Whitecoat has 65,000 health care providers listed on its website, including 16,000 Specialists and 11,000 General Practitioners. As of 2018 Whitecoat has between 4 and 5 million visitors per year and 575,000 moderated reviews from patients. These offer future patients their opinions and perspectives on listed healthcare professionals. Apps that have been developed will be released in early-mid 2018. Two apps, MyWhitecoat for patients and Whitecoat Pro for healthcare professionals. Resulting will be a cardless, cashless payment system that allows healthcare professionals to process health fund payments and gap payments right there and then, through a mobile", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12786552", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmacy school\"\nPharmacy school The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an undergraduate or postgraduate pharmacy degree from a recognized university. In many countries, this involves a four- or five-year course to attain a master of pharmacy degree (MPharm). In the United States of America, students graduating after January 1, 2003, must complete a doctor of pharmacy degree to become a licensed pharmacist. This same requirement has been coming into place in other countries such as Canada and France. The doctor of pharmacy degree requires completion of four years at an accredited college of pharmacy (most students applying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4788199", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor of Pharmacy\"\nmultitude of other areas. After completing the required prerequisites or obtaining a transferable bachelor's degree, pharmacy school is another four years. In general, the total collegiate timeline to become an entry level pharmacist is six to eight years; three to four years undergraduate prerequisite work/bachelor's degree then three (accelerated tract) to four years professional doctorate. Acceptance to a Pharm.D. program is competitive. Along with excellent natural science grades, most schools require students to take a pharmacy college admissions test (PCAT) and complete 90 credit hours of university coursework in the sciences, mathematics, composition, and humanities before entry into the Pharm.D.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4788184", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor of Pharmacy\"\nholders to pursue an academic career by enrolling masters and doctorates programs (MSc and PhD) in several scientific fields (pharmaceutical technology, pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics, biomedical sciences, cosmetics & pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical and organic chemistry, physical chemistry, food sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, public health, etc.). Masters usually lasts 1–2 years and PhD's no less than 4 years. In summary, in Spain an entry-level pharmacy degree lasts 5 years and a \"\"Hospital Pharmacy Specialist\"\" needs 9.5 years of education and/or training. Hospital Pharmacy Residents are paid during their residency period. There are other residencies available to pharmacists such as Medical Biology, Clinical Biochemistry,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4317891", "chunk_text": "Pharmaceutics\ndrug substances are usually white crystalline or amorphous powders. Historically before the advent of medicine as a science it was common for pharmacists to dispense drugs \"\"as is\"\", most drugs today are administered as parts of a dosage form. The clinical performance of drugs depends on their form of presentation to the patient. Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or old drugs into a medication to be used safely and effectively by patients. It is also called the science of dosage form design. There are many chemicals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5002895", "chunk_text": "\"Veterinary pharmacy\"\ngraduates through Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) and residency programs. Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences are 6-week rotations at different locations that must be completed by pharmacy students during their sixth year of study. The APPE options that exist in veterinary pharmacy are school specific for sixth-year pharmacy students, while the current existing veterinary pharmacy residencies are post-graduate year one residencies (PGY1). Currently, only four programs are in existence in the US at North Carolina State, Purdue University, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and UC Davis, none of which are to be applied for through the PhORCAS match, which is the Pharmacy Online", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529343", "chunk_text": "Whitecoat\nWhitecoat A whitecoat is a newborn harp or grey seal with soft, white fur. Newborn seals have yellow fur because of amniotic fluid, and are still wet. When the pup dries, it is called a yellowcoat. The amniotic stain fades and the fur turns white within a few days, and it gets the name whitecoat. First it's called a \"\"thin whitecoat\"\", and when it becomes visibly fatter it is a \"\"fat whitecoat\"\". Nursing lasts for about 12 days. Cows frequently return to their pups to suckle. While she is suckling, the mother does not eat—rather, she draws on her reserves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12046152", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmacy residency\"\nhospital pharmacist). There are several minors sub-specialties (not official) such as Oncology pharmacy, Nutritional pharmacy, Infectious disease pharmacy, Ambulatory Care pharmacy, Clinical Trials Management, Drug Information pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Spanish Pharmacists can also major in other specialties such as Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology and Parasitology, Immunology, Clinical/biological Analysis, Nuclear Pharmacy or Radiopharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analysis and Industrial Pharmacy. The first year is generally referred to as post graduate year 1 or PGY1. A second year is referred to as a PGY2 and places emphasis on a specialty practice area. Each residency is a year long endeavor although some programs are combining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12787395", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmacy school\"\nPharmacy website or a List of pharmacy schools is available. List of pharmacy schools#United States of America Today, individuals seeking to become pharmacists must first complete a pre-pharmacy undergraduate program. This program consists of a minimum of 60-90 semester credit hours (90-100 quarter credit hours) of undergraduate coursework in basic and advanced sciences; however, many students find completion of a four-year program (between 120-130 semester credit hours) leading to a Bachelor of Science degree in biology, chemistry, or a similar field enhances their chances of admission. Pre-requisite and application requirements vary by individual schools/colleges of pharmacy; therefore, it is prudent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3529344", "chunk_text": "Whitecoat\nof fatty blubber to produce the milk. Pups grow rapidly, at the end of nursing, most pups weigh 36 kg (80 lbs) or more. The mothers then leave their fully fed pups and join the bulls to mate. At this age of about 12 days, pups first become \"\"greycoats\"\", as grey juvenile coloring grows under their white fur, then \"\"ragged-jackets\"\" when white fur begins to fall out in patches. The United States banned the hunting and import of whitecoats in 1972, through the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The European Economic Community banned the import of whitecoat products in 1983. Canada", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190963", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmacy technician\"\nwill need to be certified within 2 years of registration with the Division of Professional Regulation. After obtaining technical school education, an associate degree, or work training, the technician may take a certification exam. Exam preparation may also be provided by some employers. Examinations are offered by two certifying bodies. The first is the \"\"Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam\"\" (PTCE), which is offered by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB). The second is the \"\"Exam for the Certification of Pharmacy Technician\"\" (ExCPT) offered by the National Healthcare Association (NHA). Upon successful completion of the examination, the candidate is granted certification. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4788200", "chunk_text": "\"Doctor of Pharmacy\"\nprogram. Due to the extensive admission requirements and highly competitive nature of the field, many pharmacy students complete a bachelor's degree before entry to pharmacy school. Some institutions still offer six-year accelerated Pharm.D. programs (similar to six-year MD programs). Residency is an option that is typically one to two years in length. Graduating candidates typically apply their final year of the Pharm.D. program. The accrediting body for most residency positions is the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Applications are submitted through the Pharmacy Online Residency Centralized Application Service; which opens 3 November each residency year. Residency sites interview candidates and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12787398", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmacy school\"\ninto the professional degree program upon successful completion of entrance requirements and application procedures. This program is referred to as “0-6,” as students are accepted into the professional pharmacy program, contingent upon the aforementioned requirements, during the undergraduate college application process. Similarly, programs may be “2-4”. The “2” describes the first 2 years of study necessary to complete the pharmacy prerequisite coursework. Students completing a “2-4” program must apply for admission into the professional pharmacy program. The application process usually begins after completion of the third semester of study for entry into the professional program the following fall. Aside from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8474675", "chunk_text": "\"White coat hypertension\"\nWhite coat hypertension White coat hypertension, more commonly known as white coat syndrome, is a phenomenon in which patients exhibit a blood pressure level above the normal range, in a clinical setting, though they do not exhibit it in other settings. It is believed that the phenomenon is due to anxiety experienced during a clinic visit. The patient's daytime ambulatory blood pressure is used as a reference as it takes into account ordinary levels of daily stress. Many problems have been incurred in the diagnosis and treatment of white coat hypertension. The term \"\"masked hypertension\"\" can be used to describe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "581762", "chunk_text": "\"White coat\"\npractices, chaired by J. W. Howie. Among the codified standards was protective clothing; the type of wrap-around full coverage lab coat that had been in use in the UK for over a hundred years was nicknamed the \"\"Howie-Style\"\" coat to indicate its compliance with the provisions of this report. It has the buttons on the left flank, elasticated wrists and a mandarin collar, and is quite similar to a chef's uniform. It is designed to minimize pathogen contact with street clothes. White coats which resemble lab coats are worn by students and teachers of most public primary schools as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10227184", "chunk_text": "\"Coming of age\"\nmake up in their style and go to some place of their belief to show that they are now becoming an adult. White coat ceremony In many universities of Europe, South America and India, first year students are made to undergo tests or humiliation before being accepted as students. Perhaps the oldest of these is \"\"Raisin Monday\"\" at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. It is still practiced. A senior student would take a new student, a \"\"bejant\"\" or \"\"bejantine\"\" under his/her wing and show them around the university. In gratitude, the bejant would give the senior student a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20858778", "chunk_text": "\"Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine\"\nLCME had granted preliminary accreditation to the school. On August 18, 2017, the school held its white coat ceremony for the inaugural class of 60 students. The school uses a community-based model of medical education, training physicians for the first two years on the WSU Spokane campus, then distributing the class across four regional campuses located in: Everett, Spokane, Tri-Cities, and Vancouver. In the first two years, students will study the foundational sciences for medicine, integrated with the fundamentals of clinical practice. Students begin their education with a two-week intensive training program; learning the basics of taking patient history, taking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11607779", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmacy school\"\ndevelopment activities. Pharmacy school The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an undergraduate or postgraduate pharmacy degree from a recognized university. In many countries, this involves a four- or five-year course to attain a master of pharmacy degree (MPharm). In the United States of America, students graduating after January 1, 2003, must complete a doctor of pharmacy degree to become a licensed pharmacist. This same requirement has been coming into place in other countries such as Canada and France. The doctor of pharmacy degree requires completion of four years at an accredited college of pharmacy (most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2402054", "chunk_text": "\"Bachelor of Pharmacy\"\nAustralia for institutions offering the BPharm degree. As with most honours degrees at Australian universities, the awarding of a Bachelor of Pharmacy (Honours) (abbreviated BPharm(Hons)) is based on the completion of original research and a high-level of academic performance. All other graduates are awarded a pass degree. Unlike most Honours degrees in Australia, an additional year of study is not required for a BPharm(Hons) as most universities integrate research and coursework in the fourth year of BPharm(Hons) programs. In 2003, The University of Sydney began offering a four-year Bachelor of Pharmacy (Rural) (abbreviated BPharm (Rural)) program at its Orange campus.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12786553", "chunk_text": "\"Pharmacy school\"\nfor admission into a college of pharmacy already have an undergraduate degree). However, many schools admit students after completion of two or three years of undergraduate pharmacy prerequisites or directly from high school into a six-year accelerated program). Any person holding a bachelor's degree in pharmacy who graduated before this date is grandfathered in and can register for a license. To practice as a pharmacist, registration with the country, state or province's regulatory agency is required. There is often a requirement for the pharmacy graduate to have completed a certain number of hours of experience in a pharmacy under the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10827375", "chunk_text": "\"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center\"\nto practice in Texas. Usually held in August, a new group of first-year medical students participate in the White Coat Ceremony each year. This event is a rite of passage for first-year medical students as they don their coats and take a Hippocratic oath affirming their commitment to the highest standards of ethics and patient care. At the TTUHSC School of Medicine in Lubbock, the ceremony is held at the Lubbock Memorial Civic Center. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center The Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC) is a multi-campus institution based in Lubbock, Texas with additional campuses located", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15371134", "chunk_text": "Pharmacy\ngenerally allowed to perform the role of counseling patients on the proper use of their medications. There are different requirements of schooling based on the area of pharmaceuticals a student is seeking. In the United States, the general pharmacist will attain a Doctor of Pharmacy Degree (Pharm.D.). The Pharm.D. can be completed in a minimum of six years, which includes two years of pre-pharmacy classes, and four years of professional studies. After graduating pharmacy school, it is highly suggested that the student go on to complete a one or two year residency, which provides valuable experience for the student before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3246	where do they film take me out fernando's?	n/a	[ "Club Bijou on Chapel Street" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11197629", "chunk_text": "\"Take Me Out (UK game show)\"\nthe Céline Dion version of the hit Eric Carmen song \"\"All by Myself\"\". In the first series, the successful couples conducted their date at FERNANDO'S! in Manchester, which is actually Club Bijou on Chapel Street, the outcome of which is shown as part of the following week's show. For the second series, the date took place abroad on the Isle of FERNANDO'S!, a fictional location based in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife. Previously the date took place in Cyprus. Successful couples leave the programme upstairs on the opposite side of the studio to the 'Love Lift', and a song, usually", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6778881", "chunk_text": "\"Take On Me\"\nfor the song. It was filmed in 1985 at Kim's Café (now called Savoy Café) (on Wandsworth Road, London SW8), and on a sound stage in London. The video used a pencil-sketch animation / live-action combination called rotoscoping, in which the live-action footage is traced over frame by frame to give the characters realistic movements. Approximately 3,000 frames were rotoscoped, which took 16 weeks to complete. The video's main theme is a romantic fantasy narrative. It begins with a montage of pencil drawings in a comic-book style representing motorcycle sidecar racing, in which the hero, played by Morten Harket, is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16433586", "chunk_text": "\"Fernando (song)\"\n\"\"disarmingly faithful to the original, which is probably due to the fact it was co-produced by ABBA's own Benny Andersson. It has a warm, live feel that was so peculiar to ABBA's ’70s fare and that sound really suits our heroine's soaring vocals.\"\" Cher performed the \"\"Fernando\"\" on the CinemaCon 2018 to promote the \"\"Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again\"\" film. During her Here We Go Again Tour she also performs the song together with \"\"Waterloo\"\" and \"\"SOS\"\". On October 31, 2018 \"\"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)\"\" and \"\"Take Me Home\"\" were cut from her concert residency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8997012", "chunk_text": "\"Take Me (film)\"\nRay can only mumble a response. He stumbles back home, and sees Stuart in a restaurant. As Stuart waves at him, Ray cries, then laughs when he sees Stuart is eating a salad. The role of Ray Moody was written with Pat Healy in mind. Healy brought the script to producers Jay Duplass and Mark Duplass, who agreed to finance and co-produce alongside The Orchard and Netflix. Production took place in Glendale, California and Crestline, California over the course of eighteen days. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 25, 2017. Prior to Tribeca,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11875393", "chunk_text": "\"Hold Me Down (film)\"\nbe picked up by The Swedish Film Institute. Five months after filming, in January 2016, the institute together with Sveriges Television finally approved their application, including Hold Me Down in the 3% of films awarded the \"\"Moving Sweden\"\" grant. Post production was thus relocated to Sweden, where Gillis completed the film with the participation of Bob Film Sweden. Hold Me Down was shot entirely on location in the South Bronx: in the Mott Haven housing projects, in a local Chinese restaurant, on the New York subway, and in an actual brothel. It was filmed on a RED Epic Dragon with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16545083", "chunk_text": "\"My Name Is Thomas\"\n19 April 2018. Film was presented on 8 December 2016 in the program \"\"Rischiatutto\"\", conducted by Fabio Fazio, where Terence Hill showed the trailer. In March 2018 was announced the final release of the film on 19 April. It was shot in Almería in locations as parque de las Almadrabillas, port of Almeria, Cable Inglés, Tabernas and Pescadería. Thomas starts from Italy to reach the desert in the Almeria area where he can meditate on the pages of a book he loves in a special way. Shortly after the departure on his Harley Davidson, he helps a girl, Lucia, to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12693988", "chunk_text": "\"Take Out (2007 film)\"\nwatching her. The film was shot in and around a parking garage in West Orange, New Jersey. Shooting commenced September 9, 2006 at 3pm and wrapped the following morning at 6am. With almost no budget the film's shooting schedule was completed in 16 straight hours with a cast and crew of 12. Due to the intensity of shooting a film in such a short period of time, a \"\"mockumentary\"\" was created from it. \"\"Take Over: the horror behind the thriller\"\" is a comedy starring the cast and crew telling their own \"\"somewhat incorrect\"\" stories about the making of \"\"Take Out\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8698400", "chunk_text": "\"Never Let Me Go (2010 film)\"\nof Madame, where Tommy and Kathy go to apply for a deferral. Andrew Melville Hall in the University of St. Andrews was the setting for the Dover Recovery Centre. Nearly thirty film extras, film producers, and location scouts had to wait several hours for the sun to set so they could film the scenes there. The restaurant scene, which is featured in the trailer and in promotional screenshots, was shot in the Regent Restaurant and Coffee Lounge in Weston-super-Mare in April 2009. Chiswick Town Hall, a dark building in London, was also used as a shooting location. The scenes where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2566916", "chunk_text": "\"In or Out\"\nWihemina's back however she is wearing the same white outfit! The restaurant where Betty was \"\"chip chick\"\" was the El Coyote Restaurant on Beverly Blvd. near Hollywood, in Los Angeles. The karaoke scene and the walk across the bridge featuring Betty and Daniel followed the same storyline setting as \"\"Betty la Fea\"\", but the outcome was different in the original version. This scene was also documented in the first season DVD, where both America Ferrera and Eric Mabius are actually shooting on a green set that is later digitized to make it look like Brooklyn Bridge and the Manhattan skyline.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17688047", "chunk_text": "\"The Asphalt\"\nbased around the combining of the Food Network show \"\"Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives\"\" with Guy Fieri, and the movie Almost Famous. The band filmed the pilot episode in Wikieup, Arizona at Eat At Joe's BBQ. The band were seen with a film crew in Anaheim, California in January at NAMM Show 2011 apparently filming segments for future episodes of Outside The Box. The band and film crew were spotted later that weekend at the restaurant Tinga, in Los Angeles, California. The band were at the restaurant for several hours filming yet another segment for the TV show. The Asphalt have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "628734", "chunk_text": "\"I Am Number Four (film)\"\nThe production was scheduled to last 12 to 13 weeks. Cinematographer Guillermo Navarro shot the film on 35 mm, using a format known as Super 1:85. Beaver, the former Conley Inn in Homewood, and nearby Buttermilk Falls were used as locations in the film; interior and exterior scenes were shot near a boat launch in Monaca. A spring fair scene was filmed in Deer Lakes Park in West Deer; Port Vue, North Park, New Kensington and Hyde Park were also used as locations. The setting of the film's fictional town of Paradise, Ohio is Vandergrift, Pennsylvania, where filming took place", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18804164", "chunk_text": "\"Analyze That\"\nrestaurant was filmed at West 13th Street in a restaurant that had closed down, and been refurbished by the film's art department. The scenes of Patty LoPresti's home were filmed in Ho-Ho-Kus, New Jersey, and the Little Caesar set in Washington Square Park, Manhattan. Car chases were filmed on New Jersey Turnpike service roads in Kearney. The heist-planning scenes were shot in two locations: a derelict building in the meat packing district near West 14th Street, and a club called Exit on West 56th Street. Finally, the majority of the heist scenes were shot in an empty lot in West", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20813848", "chunk_text": "\"Come Outside\"\nwere filmed in the Middlesex area, for example in the episode \"\"Buses\"\" Auntie Mabel boards a bus bound for Uxbridge and is later seen exiting the public library at Ruislip Manor. Scenes were also shot in Woodley, in the precinct and in the veterinary clinic. In the episode \"\"Marmalade\"\" Auntie Mabel flies to Seville to visit an orange grove. Shooting was restricted to the one day on which the oranges were ready for harvesting. This was only known with very short notice and consequently arrangements to fly out were made at the last minute. It happened well outside the main", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11284340", "chunk_text": "\"This Is Where I Leave You\"\ntwo kids, tearing up as she lets Horry go again. The brothers make amends, and Paul offers Phillip a job at their father's sporting goods store. Judd quietly slip outs and steals Phillip's Porsche, and gets on the highway to go to Maine, where he has always wanted to go. \"\"This is Where I Leave You\"\" began principal photography on May 13, 2013 in New York City. The home is located in Munsey Park on Long Island. The skating rink was in The Bellmores, New York. The synagogue interior and exterior scenes were actually shot at Congregation Kneses Tifereth Israel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20813846", "chunk_text": "\"Come Outside\"\nwas set in a cottage on the corner of Denham Airfield in Buckinghamshire, and was used to provide the exterior shots of Auntie Mabel's house. She would come out of the house, walk through the back garden and on to the airfield to climb into her aeroplane. The interiors were shot at Capital Studios in Wandsworth, South West London. Series 2 was shot entirely on location, including the interiors of Auntie Mabel's house. The cottage at Denham Airfield was occupied and so a new location had to be found. An empty cottage on some farmland in Harefield, Middlesex was rented.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2463926", "chunk_text": "\"Bride and Prejudice\"\nPark Club, Turville, and Cobstone Windmill in Buckinghamshire, and Southall, Somerset House, Little Venice, the London Eye, and the National Film Theatre in London. Other locations include the Golden Temple of Amritsar, the beaches of Goa, the Grand Canyon, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, and Santa Monica Beach. Ashanti sings \"\"Take Me to Love\"\" and \"\"Touch My Body\"\" in the film. According to director Gurinder Chadha in \"\"making-of\"\" extras on the DVD release, Ashanti's appearance is an homage to the tradition of a celebrity making a cameo appearance to sing an \"\"item number\"\", a song that has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18072529", "chunk_text": "\"O'Hare International Airport\"\nbe heavily damaged or destroyed. Well-known movies that have filmed scenes at O'Hare include \"\"Contagion\"\", \"\"Couples Retreat\"\", \"\"Home Alone\"\" and \"\"\"\", \"\"The Jackal\"\" (1997), \"\"My Best Friend's Wedding\"\", \"\"Risky Business\"\", \"\"Sleepless in Seattle\"\", \"\"U.S. Marshals\"\" and \"\"Wicker Park\"\". The television series \"\"The Amazing Race\"\" and \"\"Prison Break\"\" have each filmed multiple scenes there. O'Hare International Airport O'Hare International Airport , typically referred to as O'Hare Airport, Chicago O'Hare, or simply O'Hare, is an international airport located on the far Northwest Side of Chicago, Illinois, northwest of the Loop business district, operated by the Chicago Department of Aviation and covering .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "573353", "chunk_text": "\"Not Going Out\"\nafter his son). The 2015 Christmas special was filmed on location in Wimbledon, mainly in St George's car park, and was screened in London to record the laugh track. After Teddington Studios closed, series 8 was filmed at Elstree Studios and series 9 was filmed at Pinewood Studios. The show is filmed in HDTV and, since series 4, airs simultaneously on BBC One HD. Previous to this, the show was not simulcast on BBC HD, but shown on BBC HD 30 minutes after the BBC One airing. A lot of the humour is based on word play and double entendres", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "942894", "chunk_text": "\"Cypress Park, Los Angeles\"\nas filming locations in feature films and music videos. The movies \"\"The Fast and the Furious\"\", \"\"Catwoman\"\", and \"\"Date Night\"\" as well as the television series \"\"Heroes\"\" filmed scenes in the Huron Substation. Local bar Footsie's was used for the music video to the song \"\"Live Your Life\"\" by T.I., featuring Rihanna. Cypress Park is in the beginning stages of economic revitalization, having been noted by the Los Angeles City Council and Community Redevelopment Agency of Los Angeles (CRA/LA) to have potential for economic growth. The CRA/LA has included Cypress Park in two of its proposed redevelopment plans, the Northeast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7606270", "chunk_text": "\"Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum\"\npart of the band's summer tour in support of their third number 1 album, Revolution Radio. The stadium holds the distinction of hosting the most concerts by The Grateful Dead with 66 shows between 1979-1995. Richard Marx shot the video for \"\"Take This Heart\"\" on the baseball field of the Coliseum. The stadium was the location for the 1994 Disney movie \"\"Angels in the Outfield\"\". Although Angel Stadium of Anaheim (known as Anaheim Stadium at the time) was where the Angels actually played, it was damaged in the 1994 Southern California earthquake. Anaheim Stadium was used for views from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17882097", "chunk_text": "\"Planet Hollywood Las Vegas\"\nto Midi Mafia's \"\"PHamous\"\" was performed by several YouTubers including Shay Carl and KassemG in November, 2009. Scenes from \"\"Get Him to the Greek\"\" were filmed and take place at PH. Scenes from \"\"Knocked Up\"\" were filmed at PH. The nearly completed structure can be seen in the 2009 film, \"\"The Hangover\"\". The documentary \"\"The Queen of Versailles\"\" discusses former owner David Siegel's struggle & hardship to secure funding for the Ph Towers Westgate. An episode of the Web Series Jake And Amir was shot in the Hollywood Hip Queen Room of the hotel. The Planet Hollywood hotel is briefly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10800501", "chunk_text": "\"In Demand (song)\"\ntango together on the station forecourt. The Petrol forecourt scene was filmed at the Shell petrol station in Bordon, Hampshire. In the early morning, the car drives them into the seaside town Brighton and parks up outside a run-down apartment block called Embassy Court on the Kings Road where it is revealed that – contrary to what the scenario and the song lyrics have so far led us to believe - Spiteri's character is not a passenger in Rickman's Bentley, it is, in fact, the other way around – for as Rickman hauls a shabby backpack out of the boot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13191740", "chunk_text": "\"Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie\"\nwhere Alex, Justin and Archie are climbing inside the cave, was shot inside Cueva Ventana in Arecibo as well as a land that sits in the Río Grande de Arecibo valley in front of the mountain where the cave resides in which Alex asks for directions to the cave. The ancient battlefield where Alex and Justin compete to be the family wizard takes place at the Castillo San Felipe del Morro in the Old San Juan. The subway scene where the train from the platform is shown was shot in Toronto, despite the series being based in New York City.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10164797", "chunk_text": "\"Take Away\"\ndirectly opposite the twin fish and chips shops. Stilano (portrayed by Vince Colosimo) is an uptight store runner, demanding everything be in order including his drinks- the coldest must always be at the front. Spackneys (played by Stephen Curry), however is the opposite. His chips are made of dirty potatoes and he couldn't care less about health or safety precautions. Both owners are aided by their two romantically linked apprentices. Sonja Stilano (Tony's cousin, played by Rose Byrne) and Dave (played by Nathan Phillips). The set of the take-away store was constructed opposite the Alphington railway station in Alphington, Victoria.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12834882", "chunk_text": "\"Santikos Theatres\"\nto seven local theaters and two outside San Antonio in the greater Houston area. Upon John Santikos' death in 2014, ownership of the chain passed to the San Antonio Area Foundation. In 2017, Regal Theaters took over the two Houston locations. On August 9, 2017, the company released plans for a new theater to be built in Cibolo, Texas, along Interstate 35, at Wiederstein Road. This location will include a sports bar, arcade, bowling, and high-quality digital projection. No timeline has been established yet. As of 2018 however, the lot to the north of it is being used for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7995143", "chunk_text": "\"My Name Is Earl\"\nThe actual location in Los Angeles was not a trailer park, but was built up to look like one. Many of the locations were filmed in San Fernando Valley in California. In the season 1 episode \"\"The Professor\"\", Earl receives a postcard from Alex with the address \"\"Earl Hickey, The Palms Hotel RM 231, 9005 Lincoln Blvd, Camden USA\"\" with Earl's hand covering up most of the postmark. The Palms Motel structure is actually a motel in North Hills, California, now named the Palm Tree Inn Motel. It was also used to film other shows and films such as \"\"Gilmore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13883594", "chunk_text": "\"Get Out\"\npotential future victims was conceived shortly before shooting to add an additional creepy element to her character. The music used in the scene, \"\"(I've Had) The Time of My Life,\"\" was intended to reflect Rose's emotional detachment. \"\"There's something kind of horrific about milk,\"\" Peele said. \"\"Think about it! Think about what we're doing. Milk is kind of gross.\"\" Principal photography began on February 16, 2016. Shooting took place in Fairhope, Alabama, for three weeks, followed by Barton Academy and in the Ashland Place Historic District in midtown Mobile, Alabama. Principal photography ended in 23 days. Lil Rel Howery says", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1469792", "chunk_text": "\"Antonino Paone\"\nspent 18 months in Los Angeles to further his film career before Hurricane Katrina. Since the storm, he's lived in his home in the Bywater neighborhood of New Orleans, spitting distance from the Mississippi River. Paone has appeared in a number of films, including \"\"Tony Bravo in Scenes from a Forgotten Cinema\"\", \"\"Mr. 3000\"\" with Bernie Mac, \"\"Jump Out Boys\"\" with Kris Kristofferson, \"\"Angels Die Slowly\"\", \"\"I Love You Phillip Morris\"\" with Jim Carrey, \"\"Righteous Kill\"\", and \"\"Inside Out\"\" with WWE's Triple H. TV highlights include spots on HBO's \"\"Treme\"\", \"\"MonsterWolf\"\", and \"\"House of Bones\"\". He also appeared in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10375047", "chunk_text": "\"Welcome to Atlanta\"\nApril the same year). He is joined by fellow Atlantans including Lil Jon and Jazze Pha in the parking lot of the \"\"Magic City\"\" strip club. In the lyrics and some seconds-long camera shots he refers to hometown places Fuel, Kaya, Velvet Room, Club 112, Strokers club, Ritz club, Shark Bar, and Plush Limousine Service. Filming Location: 4 Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10001 P. Diddy is standing on the top of the Madison Square Garden entrance roof. Cut to scenes of other parts of the city, including Yankee Stadium are seen throughout. It has cameo appearances by Loon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9672130", "chunk_text": "\"Finnila's Finnish Baths\"\nLanding area owned by Alfred Finnila - owner of Finnila's Finnish Baths - as well as the adjacent East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard in Larkspur, California. After hijacking a school bus, the character of \"\"Scorpio\"\" - played by Andy Robinson - drives into East Sir Francis Drake Boulevard at the Greenbrae interchange, before crashing into the site of the Hutchinson Company quarry. During the filming of \"\"Dirty Harry\"\", the movie crew - including the actor Clint Eastwood - visited Finnila's Finnish Baths in San Francisco for sauna bathing and for massage. Upon completing the construction of the unique Finnila's Finnish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17847310", "chunk_text": "Lemora\ncoterie. Writer-director Blackburn appears in the film as the Reverend. Hy Pyke appears in the film as the bus driver who drives Lila to Astrototh. Filming took place in and around locations in Pomona, California including the Phillips Mansion which served as the exteriors of Lemora's house and the Bradbury Chateau Estate, which served as the interiors. Additional photography took place at the San Dimas Hotel. The Reverend's house was at Culver Studios on what was once part of the exterior set for Mayberry on The Andy Griffith Show. Several of Richard Blackburn's family and friends had roles in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11503489", "chunk_text": "\"Cahuenga Boulevard\"\nis now a strip mall. In another Keaton film, \"\"Three Ages\"\" (1923), Keaton is seen running from the police past the Los Angeles Police Department Hollywood building and former fire station, now the location of Edmonds Tower at 1629. Today, numerous nightclubs, bars, and restaurants are dotted along the boulevard south of Franklin Avenue. Notable clubs on Cahuenga include The Room, Hotel Café, Velvet Margarita, and many others. The Hotel Café, at 1623 1/2 N. Cahuenga Blvd, is owned by Marko Shafer and Maximillian Mamikunian and opened in 2000. The Baked Potato, one of the city's most prominent jazz clubs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20692779", "chunk_text": "\"Take Me Out (Irish game show)\"\nTake Me Out (Irish game show) Take Me Out is an Irish television dating game show airing on TV3. The show features Irish radio personality Ray Foley as the presenter. It is based on the Australian series \"\"Taken Out\"\" and the British series of the same name. The series is produced by Sideline Productions for TV3. The series is filmed in The Helix in Dublin. The fifth season was expected to be filmed in Dublin's Sony HD Studios as early as late 2013; however, as of 2016, there has been no word from TV3 on when the season will be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3248813", "chunk_text": "\"Bradbury Building\"\n\"\"Fame\"\". The building appears as itself in multiple episodes of the fourth season of Amazon Studios' original series \"\"Bosch\"\", in both exterior establishing shots, and interior shots. The Bradbury appeared in a 1979 music video by Cher called \"\"Take Me Home\"\" in addition to music videos from the 1980s by Heart, Janet Jackson, Earth Wind and Fire and Genesis, and a Pontiac Pursuit commercial. Part of Janet Jackson's 1989 film short \"\"Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814\"\" was filmed in the building as well. The interior appears in the music video for the Pointer Sisters' 1980 song, \"\"He's So Shy\"\". The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5068454", "chunk_text": "\"Sorority Babes in the Slimeball Bowl-O-Rama\"\ncrash. In the morning, Spider drives Calvin to her house in her motorcycle while Uncle Impie is seen trapped in the box at the curb, asking someone to let him out. Production for the film began and ended in September 1987, within 12 days in the state of California; filming locations included the Plaza Camino Royale and Bowlplex Super Lane, which has now been torn down and turned into a public swimming pool. Due to the low budget, the movie had to be filmed in the bowling alley during the night when it was closed, until 9am when it opened.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18179024", "chunk_text": "\"Offside (2009 film)\"\nin Adelaide and surrounding areas. Angelo’s home was at Burbridge Road, West Beach. Mark’s flat was at Renwick Street, Henley Beach. The \"\"Fasta Pasta\"\" restaurant on South Terrace, Adelaide was used for Uncle Vito’s coffee shop. \"\"Rigoni’s\"\" – a long-time landmark restaurant in Adelaide – was the setting for the lunch where Katie and Shakira walk out. Football matches were staged at the TK Shutter Reserve, Klemzig (home of the North Eastern MetroStars), and in the Northern Parklands. A couple of training run scenes were shot at Montefiore Hill, with the City of Adelaide as a backdrop. The office occupied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4617324", "chunk_text": "\"Culver City, California\"\n\"\"Jeopardy!\"\", \"\"The Nanny\"\", \"\"Hell's Kitchen\"\", \"\"MasterChef\"\", the syndicated version of \"\"Wheel of Fortune\"\" and \"\"Tosh. O\"\". The television series \"\"The Green Hornet\"\" featured Bruce Lee as Kato, who also resided in Culver City during the series' production. John Travolta's \"\"Stranded at the Drive-In\"\" sequence in \"\"Grease\"\" was filmed at the Studio Drive-In on the corner of Jefferson and Sepulveda. It served as a set for many other films, including \"\"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\"\". The theatre was closed in 1993 and was demolished in 1998; it is now a housing subdivision featuring large homes on small lots, as well as being home", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11197630", "chunk_text": "\"Take Me Out (UK game show)\"\nfrom the latin pop genre, will be played. Comedic value is mostly provided by McGuinness's array of catchphrases such as \"\"Let the (object) see the (object)\"\", \"\"No likey, no lighty!\"\", \"\"If you're turned off, turn off\"\", \"\"If he's not Mr Right, turn off your light\"\", \"\"Get out there, turn one girl off and take one girl out!\"\", \"\"Come and get some Paddy love!\"\", \"\"The isle of...FERNANDO'S!\"\". In this round the man comes down the love lift. He meets the girls and then says his name and where he is from. Paddy repeats but afterwards with one of catchphrases. Then the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9204512", "chunk_text": "\"Me and Earl and the Dying Girl (film)\"\nPennsylvania; they started filming high school scenes on June 16. Cinematographer Chung-hoon Chung shot the film digitally using Arri Alexa cameras with prime and anamorphic lenses in a widescreen 2.35:1 aspect ratio. A Pittsburgh native, writer Jesse Andrews' family home in Point Breeze was used as Greg's house in the film. Rachel's house was located in Squirrel Hill, and Earl's house was in Braddock. Other locations included Schenley High School (closed since 2008), The Andy Warhol Museum, Copacetic Comics in Polish Hill, and a street corner in West Oakland, which served as an ice cream shop. The Criterion Collection lent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11892254", "chunk_text": "\"Elyria, Ohio\"\nAirport (located in New Russia Township), and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is the nearest major airport. The Elyria Amtrak Station provides train transportation. Greyhound bus service is also available in the city. The film \"\"Take Shelter\"\" includes a scene in which Michael Shannon enters the Elyria Main branch library and looks for books. The character of Officer Richard Lymangood, in the film \"\"Blue Thunder\"\", was born in Elyria, according to the helicopter terminal database. In the 2015 film \"\"The Bronze\"\" starring Melissa Rauch, Midway Mall was used for a number of scenes with Elyria residents as extras in the film.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11136086", "chunk_text": "\"Angel Heart\"\ncamera assistant. To make the actors more comfortable, Parker played music during the shoot. Production then moved to a corner of New Orleans, which doubled for flashback sequences set in 1943 Times Square, New York. The crew then discovered an unused bus depot, which was used to film scenes set in Ethan Krusemark's gumbo hut. Filming then moved to the St. Alphonsus Church, where the crew filmed a dialogue scene between Angel and Cyphre. Production returned to Royal Street in the French Quarter, where the final confrontation between Angel and Cyphre, and the film's ending were shot. After filming concluded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5196937", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Michael Brescia\"\nRed, Ozma, and The Movielife. The movie was filmed exclusively in Long Beach, New York and Amityville, New York, two towns in Brescia's native Long Island. In June 2017 it was announced by \"\"Deadline\"\" that the film had been acquired by Comedy Dynamics for global distribution. In August 2017 the film premiered at the Long Beach International Film Festival where it received the Joan Jett Music Award for \"\"Best Music\"\". On November 3, 2017 the film had a screening in New York City featuring a concert afterwards featuing John Nolan and LOLO performing songs from the film's soundtrack. The following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3121178", "chunk_text": "\"Shalimar, Florida\"\nEglin Parkway, the main road between the air force base and Fort Walton, Florida, opened on Thursday, June 15, with an Esther Williams picture, \"\"\"\"On an Island with You\"\"\"\". Operated by the James Tringas family, that also ran the Tringas Theatre in Fort Walton (which is, ironically, still in business in 2015 as a second-run venue), the drive-in would close in the fall of 1973. This property is now occupied by the Shalimar United Methodist Church family life center and a furniture store, which property is also owned by the church. The Louis Woodham Concrete Company, which would provide construction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10800601", "chunk_text": "\"Take Me Out (play)\"\nTake Me Out (play) Take Me Out is a 2002 play by American playwright Richard Greenberg originally staged by Donmar Warehouse, London, with The Public Theater. It premiered Off-Broadway on September 5, 2002, at the Joseph Papp Public Theater, and made its Broadway debut on February 27, 2003, at the Walter Kerr Theatre, where it ran 355 performances. It won the 2003 Tony Award for Best Play. Much of the play is set in the locker room of a professional baseball team, and as such has an all-male cast that explores themes of homophobia, racism, class, and masculinity in sports.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6128941", "chunk_text": "\"Observe and Report\"\nher compliment and humiliates her publicly for betraying him. Ronnie drops the flasher off at the police station, and boasts to Harrison of his feat, saying that he does not need a badge or gun to know who he is. Ronnie is then interviewed by the local news with Nell and his fellow security guards by his side. The film was shot on location in the largely abandoned Winrock Shopping Center in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Filming began around May 2008 and took place. At the request of the studio, during the test screening stage the filmmakers created a version of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20822026", "chunk_text": "\"Greenville, Alabama\"\nwas actually filmed in Greenville. The city's residents were featured on the premiere episode of the ABC reality/game show series \"\"My Kind of Town\"\", on Sunday, August 14, 2005. The 2007 movie \"\"Honeydripper\"\" was shot in locations around Greenville in late summer and fall of 2006. The film featured sites located on Main Street in the city's historic downtown. Local residents were selected as principal characters and extras for the movie. New Beginnings Ministry's church choir was featured in the film. Located in Greenville is the historic Ritz Theatre, a local theatre where community events and plays can be performed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "308292", "chunk_text": "\"Fernando Grostein Andrade\"\nas Coca-Cola, Mitsubishi Motors, Pfizer and Nestle. In 2009, he founded the production house Spray Filmes. Located in the Jardins neighborhood in São Paulo, Spray Filmes acts in the realm of film of advertising, entertainment and is the incubator of NWB, a startup that manages big internet channels, including the biggest Brazilian soccer channel on Facebook, Desimpedidos. Recently Fernando directed some of the episodes of the \"\"Carcereiros\"\" series, in a co-production between Spray Filmes, Globo and Gullane, who won the MIPDrama Screenings 2017. In parallel to the series, the director is also working on a documentary called \"\"Vida de Carcereiro\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8244739", "chunk_text": "\"Quality Cafe (diner)\"\nwas completely refurbished in 2014 and transformed into a bar of the Teragram Ballroom, a music theatre. Quality Cafe (diner) The Quality Cafe (also known as Quality Diner) is a now-defunct diner at 1236 West 7th Street in Los Angeles, California. The restaurant ceased to function as a diner in late 2006 but has appeared as a location featured in a number of Hollywood films, including \"\"Million Dollar Baby\"\",\"\"Training Day\"\", \"\"Old School\"\", \"\"Se7en\"\", \"\"Ghost World\"\", \"\"Gone in 60 Seconds\"\", \"\"The Stepfather\"\", \"\"What's Love Got to Do with It\"\", \"\"Sex and Death 101\"\", and \"\"Catch Me If You Can.\"\" It was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15785470", "chunk_text": "\"Sweet Auburn Curb Market\"\nthe original name. Going forward, the public market will reflect the original name \"\"Municipal Market.\"\" But it will forever be known to locals as the \"\"Curb Market.\"\" The market was the filming location for a scene in the 2014 film, \"\"Ride Along\"\", which takes place and was filmed in Atlanta. It is also featured in a network television series, \"\"Kevin (Probably) Saves The World\"\". This was filmed in 2018. Vendors within the market are individually owned businesses and offer goods including meat, fish, baked goods, vegetables, fruit, nuts, coffee, flowers, plants, Caribbean groceries, prescription medication and more. Additionally, there are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7102250", "chunk_text": "\"Somewhere (film)\"\nKingdom and Ireland on December 10, 2010, and in the United States on December 22, 2010. As the film opens a black Ferrari circles on a race track in the desert, its engine roaring in and out of the shot. When it eventually stops, Johnny Marco (Stephen Dorff) steps out. Marco is a Hollywood actor who, despite his recent rise to fame, does not feel much meaning in his daily life. He resides at the Chateau Marmont in Los Angeles from where he completes various publicity obligations for his new film: he is photographed with his co-star (Michelle Monaghan), gives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3247	where was harry potter and the deathly hallows part 1 filmed?	n/a	[ "on location" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396160", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\ndue to what David Heyman called \"\"creative imperative\"\". Heyman initially responded negatively to the idea, but Wigram asked, \"\"No, David. How are we going to do it?\"\". After rereading the book and discussing it with screenwriter Steve Kloves, he agreed with the division. The production filmed at Dartford Crossing for the dramatic chase where Hagrid and Harry are being ambushed by Death Eaters. Stuart Craig, set designer for all of the previous \"\"Harry Potter\"\" films, returned for the final two parts. He said, \"\"We made a very different kind of film, which was shot a great deal on location. We", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14878236", "chunk_text": "\"Wizarding World\"\nYates noted that her participation in the filmmaking process did not change from the previous films. Pre-production began on 26 January 2009, while principal photography began on 19 February at Leavesden Studios, where the previous six instalments were filmed. Pinewood Studios became the second studio location for shooting the seventh film. The premiere of \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" was held on 11 November 2010, at the Empire, Leicester Square in London, and the film was released in the United Kingdom and the United States on 19 November. Harry, Ron, and Hermione continue their search to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5287696", "chunk_text": "\"Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\nwe go along.\"\" In October 2009, Ralph Fiennes started filming his role as Lord Voldemort. Many of the adult actors also prepared for filming during that period. The crew also shot on location, with Swinley Forest being the main outdoor filming area, along with the village of Lavenham in Suffolk and the streets of the city of London. On , filming finished in Pinewood Studios. However, Leavesden Studios was still occupied for further filming. Both Part 1 and Part 2 were filmed over a one and a half-year period throughout the United Kingdom, finishing on 12 June 2010. Even though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16630779", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\na sneak peek of the film. On 2 April 2011, a test screening of the film was held in Chicago, with director David Yates, producers David Heyman and David Barron and editor Mark Day in attendance. The film had its world premiere on at Trafalgar Square in London. The United States premiere was held in New York City at Lincoln Center on . Although filmed in 2-D, the film was converted into 3-D in post-production and was released in both RealD 3D and IMAX 3D. The film was originally scheduled to open in Indonesia on 13 July 2011. The Indonesian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9945181", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)\"\nfilmed at the Cliffs of Moher in the west of Ireland, the only location to be filmed outside of the United Kingdom throughout the film series. The interior of the cave is made up of geometric crystal formations. Craig noted \"\"Apart from the point at which Harry and Dumbledore first arrive and the island formation on which everything inside the cave happens, the set is entirely virtual, designed in the computer. We'd had our first totally virtual set on the last film, so we approached this one with a bit more confidence.\"\" Before filming began, there was belief that filming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396175", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\nbeen created by Warner Bros., and executives called it \"\"a serious breach of copyright violation and theft of Warner Bros. property\"\". In Australia, the film had its premiere on 13 November at Warner Bros. Movie World, located on the Gold Coast, Queensland. Three hundred people attended the viewing, which was the second official showing in the world, behind the UK premiere. The film premiered in Kuwait's release on 16 November. In Israel, Estonia, and New Zealand, the film was released on 18 November. \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" was released on a single and double disc", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7537789", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)\"\nproposal. Filming began on 29 September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and concluded on 23 March 2001, with final work being done in July. Principal photography took place on 2 October 2000 at North Yorkshire's Goathland railway station. Canterbury Cathedral and Scotland's Inverailort Castle were both touted as possible locations for Hogwarts; Canterbury rejected Warner Bros. proposal due to concerns about the film's \"\"pagan\"\" theme. Alnwick Castle and Gloucester Cathedral were eventually selected as the principal locations for Hogwarts, with some scenes also being filmed at Harrow School. Other Hogwarts scenes were filmed in Durham Cathedral over a two-week period;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396159", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\ninsists that they bury Dobby without any magic. Meanwhile, Voldemort breaks into Dumbledore's tomb and steals the Elder Wand, revealed to have been in Dumbledore's possession. \"\"Part 1\"\" was filmed back-to-back with \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\" from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010. Director David Yates, who shot the film alongside director of photography Eduardo Serra, described Part 1 as \"\"quite real\"\"; a \"\"road movie\"\" that's \"\"almost like a vérité documentary\"\". Originally set for a single theatrical release, the idea to split the book into two parts was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19473421", "chunk_text": "\"Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\nthe shooting schedule was set at 250 days, the filming took 478 days to complete. Radcliffe, Grint, and Watson all openly wept on the last day, which seemed to end their ten years of work on the films. However, reshoots were confirmed to begin in the winter of 2010 for the film's final scene, \"\"19 Years Later\"\", which originally took place in London at King's Cross station. The filming was completed in December 2010, marking the franchise's official closure of ten years of filming. During production at Leavesden, Radcliffe's stunt double David Holmes suffered a serious spinal injury during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12750030", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\na new cover illustration by Mary GrandPré. In October 2010, Bloomsbury released a \"\"Celebratory\"\" paperback edition, which featured a foiled and starred cover. Lastly, on 1 November 2010, a \"\"Signature\"\" edition of the novel was released in paperback by Bloomsbury. A two-part film adaptation of \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\" is directed by David Yates, written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron and J. K. Rowling. Part 1 was released on 19 November 2010, and Part 2 on 15 July 2011. Filming began in February 2009, and ended on 12 June 2010. However, the cast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11875672", "chunk_text": "\"Wizarding World\"\nentrance to find and defeat the true culprit. Columbus and Kloves returned as director, and screenwriter for the film adaptation of \"\"Chamber of Secrets\"\". Just three days after the wide release of the first film, production began on 19 November 2001 in Surrey, England, with filming continuing on location on the Isle of Man and at several other locations in Great Britain. Leavesden Film Studios in London made several scenes for Hogwarts. Principal photography concluded in the summer of 2002. The film spent until early October in post-production. \"\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\"\" premiered in the United Kingdom", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396171", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\nclip of Harry leaving the Burrow to find the Horcruxes, titled \"\"No One Else Is Going to Die for Me\"\". On 4 November, a new clip was released from the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" Facebook page, titled \"\"The Seven Potters\"\". Two more clips were released over the next two days, including a scene depicting a café attack and another taking place in Malfoy Manor. On 26 August 2010, director David Yates, producers David Heyman and David Barron, and with Warner Bros. president Alan F. Horn attended a test screening for \"\"Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" in Chicago. The unfinished film gained rave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984852", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)\"\nmight move from the UK, where all previous films were shot. The crew also scouted around Cape Wrath in Scotland, for use in the cave scene. Filming returned to Glen Coe and Glenfinnan, both which have appeared in the previous films, to preserve the continuity of the landscape. Following a week of rehearsals, principal photography began on 24 September 2007 and ended on 17 May 2008. Though Radcliffe, Gambon and Broadbent started shooting in late September 2007, some other cast members started much later: Grint did not begin until November 2007, Watson did not begin until December 2007, Rickman until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17950193", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\nrespectively, reprising roles as Harry's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. It is the sequel to \"\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\"\" and is followed by the concluding entry, \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\". The story follows Harry Potter who has been tasked by Dumbledore with finding and destroying Lord Voldemort's secret to immortality – the Horcruxes. Filming began on and was completed on . \"\"Part 1\"\" was released in 2D cinemas and IMAX formats worldwide on 19 November 2010. In the film's worldwide opening weekend, \"\"Part 1\"\" grossed $330 million, the third-highest in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396173", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\ncinemas [because] we will not have a completed 3D version of the film within our release date window. Despite everyone's best efforts, we were unable to convert the film in its entirety and meet the highest standards of quality.\"\" Part 1 of \"\"Deathly Hallows\"\" was released on Blu-ray 3D as a Best Buy Exclusive. Part 2 was still released in 2D, 3D, and IMAX formats. The world premiere for \"\"Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" was held in Leicester Square in London on 11 November 2010, with fans from across the world turning up – some of whom had camped for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16630769", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\n1\"\" from 19 February 2009 to 12 June 2010, with reshoots for the epilogue scene taking place at Leavesden Film Studios on 21 December 2010. Director David Yates, who shot the film with director of photography Eduardo Serra, described \"\"Part 2\"\" as \"\"operatic, colourful and fantasy-oriented\"\", a \"\"big opera with huge battles.\"\" Originally set for a single theatrical release, the idea to split the book into two parts was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram due to, what David Heyman called, \"\"creative imperative\"\". Heyman initially responded negatively to the idea, but Wigram asked, \"\"No, David. How are we going to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14878238", "chunk_text": "\"Wizarding World\"\nwere one film during principal photography. Reshoots were confirmed to begin in the winter of 2010 for the film's final, and epilogue scenes, which had originally taken place at London King's Cross station. The filming took place at Leavesden Film Studios on 21 December 2010, marking the end of the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series after ten years of filming. The film had its world premiere on 7 July 2011 in Trafalgar Square in London, and a U.S. premiere on 11 July at Lincoln Center in New York City. Although filmed in 2D, the film was converted into 3D in post-production and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396165", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\nto provide visual effects for the final instalments of the story, in \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Parts 1\"\" and \"\"2\"\". Working closely with the film's VFX Supervisor, Tim Burke, the team was led by VFX Supervisor, David Vickery and VFX Producer Charlotte Loughlane. The main team also included 3D Supervisor, Rick Leary and 2D Supervisor, Sean Stranks. Double Negative's work for \"\"Part 1\"\" included the corroding Warner Brothers logo and extensive environment extensions of the Burrows and its surrounds. Additional environment work was completed on Xenophilius Lovegood's home, extending it in 3D and culminating in the Death", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8531261", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)\"\nFilm Studios. The Hogwarts Lake was filmed from Loch Shiel, Loch Eilt and Loch Morar in the Scottish Highlands. Incidentally, the train bridge, which was also featured in the \"\"Chamber of Secrets\"\", is opposite Loch Shiel and was used to film the sequences when the Dementor boarded the train. A small section of the triple-decker bus scene, where it weaves in between traffic, was filmed in North London's Palmers Green. Some parts were also filmed in and around Borough Market and Lambeth Bridge in London. Hogwarts grew and expanded significantly with the third film. For the first time, the Hogwarts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14463397", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter (film series)\"\nthe above-mentioned interview with Heyman, added that the casting of the three major roles \"\"is especially impressive in hindsight. The trio's selection was arguably one of the best show-business decisions over the past decade... they have shown admirable grace and steadiness in the face of teen superstardom.\"\" Filming of the series began at Leavesden Studios, Hertfordshire, England, in September 2000 and ended in December 2010, with post-production on the final film lasting until summer 2011. Leavesden Studios was the main base for filming \"\"Harry Potter\"\", and it opened to the public as a studio tour in 2012 (renamed as Warner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984853", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)\"\nJanuary 2008, and Bonham Carter until February 2008. On the weekend of 6 October 2007, the crew shot scenes involving the Hogwarts Express in the misty and dewy environment of Fort William, Scotland. A series of night scenes were filmed in the village of Lacock and the cloisters at Lacock Abbey for three nights starting 25 October 2007. Filming took place from 5 pm to 5 am daily, and residents of the street were asked to black out their windows with dark blinds. On set reports indicated that the main scene filmed was Harry and Dumbledore's visit to Slughorn's house.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1975936", "chunk_text": "\"David Yates\"\n\"\"big opera with huge battles.\"\" Yates reshot the final scene of the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" series at Leavesden Studios after the original version, filmed at London King's Cross railway station, did not meet his expectations. In the film, the scene takes place at the magical Platform 9¾. Part 1 was released worldwide in November 2010 to commercial success along with generally positive reviews, some of which reflected on Yates's directing style. \"\"The Dallas Morning News\"\" affirmed that \"\"David Yates' fluid, fast-paced direction sends up the crackling tension of a thriller\"\" and \"\"The New York Times\"\" analysed Yates's approach to J. K.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8531233", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (film)\"\nSecrets. Mr. Weasley's flying car was created from a 1962 Ford Anglia 105E. Principal photography for \"\"Chamber of Secrets\"\" began on 19 November 2001, just three days after the wide release of the first film. The first three weeks of shooting consisted mostly of second-unit work on special effects, primarily the flying car scene. First-unit photography then began in Surrey, England, at Number Four Privet Drive, Little Whinging, for scenes taking place at the Dursleys' home. Filming continued on location at the Isle of Man and in several places in Great Britain; Leavesden Film Studios in London made several scenes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4381283", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter\"\nthat the final instalment in the series, \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\", would be released in two cinematic parts: \"\"Part 1\"\" on 19 November 2010 and \"\"Part 2\"\" on 15 July 2011. Production of both parts started in February 2009, with the final day of principal photography taking place on 12 June 2010. Rowling had creative control on the film series, observing the filmmaking process of \"\"Philosopher's Stone\"\" and serving as producer on the two-part \"\"Deathly Hallows\"\", alongside David Heyman and David Barron. The \"\"Harry Potter\"\" films have been top-rank box office hits, with all eight releases on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17950206", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\ntravelled quite far, we built sets, and they spend a lot of time in a forest,\"\" he explained. \"\"We built forest sets and integrated them into the real forests, so there were challenges there, as you might imagine.\"\" Craig was ultimately nominated for an Academy Award for his work on Part 1. On the wedding tent for Bill and Fleur's wedding in Part 1, Craig commented on his aim to \"\"rather than make it an extension of the house, which is rather eccentric, homemade, we decided to make it rather elegant . . . It's lined with silk and beautiful,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8531260", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (film)\"\nit was very clear that everything they put in those essays was going to be the pillars they were going to hold on to for the rest of the process.\"\" Principal photography began on 24 February 2003, at Leavesden Film Studios, and wrapped in October 2003. The third film was the first to extensively utilise real-life locations, as much of the first two films had been shot in the studio. Some sets for the film were built in Glen Coe, Scotland, near the Clachaig Inn. The indoor sets, including ones built for the previous two films, are mainly in Leavesden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16630751", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\nhim once and for all. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry's best friends, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. Principal photography began on 19 February 2009, and was completed on 12 June 2010, with reshoots taking place in December 2010, more than ten years after filming started on the first instalment of the series. \"\"Part 2\"\" was released in 2D, 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13–15 July 2011, and is the only \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film to be released in 3-D. The film became a commercial success and was critically acclaimed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10857363", "chunk_text": "\"Bonnie Wright\"\nthe King Alfred School in North London for her secondary education. During the filming of \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" and \"\"Part 2\"\", she began attending London's University of the Arts: London College of Communication, to begin studies as a Film and Television Production Manager, because of her plans to continue acting and to work behind-the-scenes after filming \"\"Harry Potter\"\". In 2012, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Wright appears in the first film, \"\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\"\", only in a small scene set at London King's Cross railway station, where her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17950192", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\nHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 is a 2010 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the first of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling's 2007 novel of the same name and features an ensemble cast. The film, which is the seventh and penultimate instalment in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film series, was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman, David Barron, and Rowling. The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint and Emma Watson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14463400", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter (film series)\"\ntwo parts were filmed back-to-back from early 2009 to summer 2010, with the completion of reshoots taking place on 21 December 2010; this marked the end of filming \"\"Harry Potter\"\". Heyman stated that \"\"Deathly Hallows\"\" was \"\"shot as one film\"\" but released in two feature-length parts. Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor of the series, said of the production on \"\"Harry Potter\"\", \"\"It was this huge family; I think there were over 700 people working at Leavesden, an industry in itself.\"\" David Heyman said, \"\"When the first film opened, no way did I think we'd make eight films. That didn't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19473419", "chunk_text": "\"Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\nbegan on , while filming began on at Leavesden Studios, where the previous six instalments were filmed. Pinewood Studios became the second studio location for shooting the seventh film. Bruno Delbonnel, the cinematographer for the sixth film, opted not to work on \"\"Deathly Hallows\"\", as he was afraid of repeating himself. Eduardo Serra was chosen to be the cinematographer for both Part 1 and Part 2. Director David Yates said that the films would be shot with \"\"loads of hand-held cameras.\"\" He stated, \"\"I want to shake things up every time I go into this world. I like experimenting as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7537790", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)\"\nthese included shots of the corridors and some classroom scenes. Oxford University's Divinity School served as the Hogwarts Hospital Wing, and Duke Humfrey's Library, part of the Bodleian, was used as the Hogwarts Library. Filming for Privet Drive took place on Picket Post Close in Bracknell, Berkshire. Filming in the street took two days instead of the planned single day, so payments to the street's residents were correspondingly increased. For all the subsequent film's scenes set in Privet Drive, filming took place on a constructed set in Leavesden Film Studios, which proved to have been cheaper than filming on location.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14073811", "chunk_text": "\"Emma Watson\"\nstated she wanted to go to university after she completed the Potter series. Watson's filming for the final instalment, \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\", began on 18 February 2009 and ended on 12 June 2010. For financial and scripting reasons, the original book was divided into two films which were shot consecutively. \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" was released in November 2010 while the second film was released in July 2011. \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\" became a commercial and critical success. The highest-grossing film in the franchise, it grossed more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7541356", "chunk_text": "\"Places in Harry Potter\"\nPotter films were shot at Goathland railway station on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, built in 1865 and virtually unchanged, that serves the village of Goathland in the North York Moors. According to Rowling's illustrations, Hogsmeade station is not in Hogsmeade, but on the opposite side of the lake. The Hog's Head is another pub, which often attracts a more disreputable clientele than the Three Broomsticks, and many of the customers hide their faces out of a desire not to be recognised. The hanging sign in front of the pub has a severed boar's head, leaking blood onto the white", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20547855", "chunk_text": "\"Production of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\"\nshot back-to-back; principal photography began on and was completed on , with reshoots in December 2010 marking the series' closure of ten years of filming. Part 1 was released in 2D and IMAX on 19 November 2010, and Part 2 was released in 3D, 2D and IMAX on . The idea to divide J. K. Rowling's final book into two parts came from \"\"creative imperative\"\" and was suggested by executive producer Lionel Wigram. David Heyman initially responded negatively, but Wigram asked, \"\"No, David. How are we going to do it?\"\". Having reread the book and discussed it with Steve Kloves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396162", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\nfloating candelabra. So it's a nice contrast with the house.\"\" For the Ministry of Magic set, he noted, \"\"This is an underground world; this is a ministry, so we went to the real ministries, the Muggle ministries – Whitehall, in London – and decided that our magical ministry was kind of a parallel universe to these real ministries.\"\" Craig also commented on his design of Malfoy Manor, saying that it is \"\"a very strong architectural set. The exterior is based on an Elizabethan house here in this country called Hardwick Hall and it has massive windows, and these windows are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17950225", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\n$128.1 million. The film stayed at the top of the box office for two weeks, grossing $75 million over the five-day Thanksgiving weekend, bringing its total to $219.1 million. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta, the film broke records for the highest Friday gross (£5.9 million), Saturday gross (£6.6 million), and Sunday gross (£5.7 million). Additionally, the film set the largest single day gross (£6.6 million) and the largest opening three-day gross (£18,319,721), a record previously held by \"\"Quantum of Solace\"\", which grossed £15.4 million. , Part 1 has grossed £52,404,464 ($86,020,929), becoming the second highest-grossing 2010 release in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17950208", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\nkind of blinded out. The shutters are drawn so they are like blind windows and they have a real kind of presence, an ominous presence, so that gave us the basis for a good exterior. There's an extraordinary magical roof that's added and surrounded by forest which isn't there in reality, but again is one of the devices to make it more threatening and mysterious.\"\" The costumes for \"\"Part 1\"\" were designed by Jany Temime, who has been the costume designer on \"\"Harry Potter\"\" productions since \"\"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\"\" (2004). Temime was involved in a controversy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7590883", "chunk_text": "\"Wizarding World\"\nthat they be shot in Britain with an all-British cast, which has been generally adhered to. On 8 August 2000, the virtually unknown Daniel Radcliffe and newcomers Rupert Grint and Emma Watson were selected to play Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. Chris Columbus was hired to direct the film adaptation of \"\"Philosopher's Stone,\"\" with Steve Kloves selected to write the screenplay. Filming began on 29 September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and concluded on 23 March 2001, with final work being done in July. Principal photography took place on 2 October 2000 at North Yorkshire's Goathland railway station.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984859", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)\"\nteam emulated these six fire parameters: heat ripples, smoke, buoyancy, viscosity, opacity, and brightness. Since the whole fire scene was very time consuming, computer graphics artist Chris Horvath spent eight months finding a faster way to conjure flames. The opening scenes of the Death Eaters' attack on Diagon Alley and London was created by Double Negative, led by VFX Supervisor Paul Franklin. Double Negative spent six months surveying and documenting the environment around the River Thames and Trafalgar Square to create the swooping views of the city. Double Negative also contributed the Pensieve sequences, developing complex directed fluid simulations to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12984854", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film)\"\nFurther filming took place in Surbiton railway station in October 2007, Gloucester Cathedral, where the first and second films were shot, in February 2008, and at the Millennium Bridge in London in March 2008. Due to cinematographer Bruno Delbonnel's use of de-focussing and soft wipes in the digital grade, Warner Bros. asked director David Yates to add more colours to the film. Yates didn't want to lose the \"\"very European look\"\" of the film, but after retouching the picture, he said, \"\"It's not what you wanted, but we're happy with it.\"\" After five minutes of watching the film, the studio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11103020", "chunk_text": "\"Places in Harry Potter\"\ncontains shops that offer a wide range of magical supplies, as well as the goblin-run Gringotts Bank. The DVD of \"\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\"\" includes a video \"\"guided tour\"\" of Diagon Alley, apparently shot on the original film sets. In the first film, the Leaky Cauldron's entrance was filmed in \"\"Bull's Head Passage\"\", near Leadenhall Market. In the sixth film, it was inserted into the actual Charing Cross Road, between a book store and a surveyors' storefront. The name Diagon Alley is a near homophone of the word \"\"diagonally\"\", which is used as a plot device when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14463428", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter (film series)\"\ngave much of what would normally be given to Californian vendors to UK ones. They came up trumps.\"\" Tim Burke, the visual effects supervisor, said many studios \"\"are bringing their work to UK effects companies. Every facility is fully booked, and that wasn't the case before \"\"Harry Potter\"\". That's really significant.\"\" On 12 June 2010, filming of the \"\"Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\" and \"\"Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\" was completed with actor Warwick Davis stating on his Twitter account, \"\"The end of an Era – today is officially the last day of principal photography on 'Harry Potter' – ever.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20822044", "chunk_text": "\"Bracknell Forest\"\nused as a filming location for a number of films including Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Parts 1 & 2. Bracknell Forest Bracknell Forest is one of six unitary authority areas within Berkshire in southern England. It covers the three towns of Bracknell, Sandhurst and Crowthorne and also includes the areas of North Ascot, Warfield and Winkfield. Parts of the borough border neighbouring boroughs such as Wokingham Borough Council and the Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead. The south of the borough also borders parts of Surrey and Hampshire. Bracknell Forest was formed on 1 April 1974, as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7590888", "chunk_text": "\"Wizarding World\"\nsit her GCSE exams. Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and at Leavesden Film Studios for interior locations. \"\"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\"\" had its world premiere on 28 June 2007 in Tokyo, Japan, and a UK premiere on 3 July 2007 at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 12 July, and the United States on 11 July. Voldemort and his Death Eaters are increasing their terror upon the Wizarding and Muggle worlds. Needing him for an important reason, Headmaster Dumbledore persuades his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3083011", "chunk_text": "\"The Twilight Saga: New Moon\"\nscript during the opening weekend of \"\"Twilight\"\", returned as screenwriter for \"\"New Moon\"\" as well. Filming began in Vancouver in late March 2009, and in Montepulciano, Italy in late May 2009. The film was released on November 20, 2009 in most countries, and set domestic box office records as the biggest midnight screening, grossing $26.3 million, which was superseded by its sequel, \"\"\"\". This led to the highest single-day, domestic gross on an opening day, with $72.7 million, until it was beaten in 2011 by \"\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2\"\", which made $91.1 million, by nearly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15703406", "chunk_text": "\"Places in Harry Potter\"\nof Harry Potter Part I: The Magic Begins\"\", included in the 2009 DVD/Blu-ray \"\"Ultimate Edition\"\" of \"\"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\"\", the film-makers initially attempted to film the Little Whinging/Privet Drive sequences on location in a real urban area. When this proved unfeasible, a section of Privet Drive was constructed on the backlot at Leavesden Film Studios. this standing set, which remained in use throughout the decade-long filming history of the Harry Potter films, remains visible in Google Maps aerial views of the studio. It sits in a location with other \"\"Harry Potter\"\" sets and props. Malfoy Manor is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1396174", "chunk_text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\"\ndays in the square. This was followed by the Belgian premiere on 12 November and the US premiere in New York City on 15 November. Just 48 hours prior to the official North American launch of Part 1, the first 36 minutes of the film were leaked on the internet. Even before the leak, the film was already the fifth-biggest generator of advance ticket sales in history, after selling out 1,000 cinemas across the United States. Despite widely circulating rumours that the leaked footage was a marketing ploy to generate hype for the movie release date, no screener discs had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11875676", "chunk_text": "\"Wizarding World\"\nforced to compete with three other wizards chosen by the Goblet of Fire Fleur Delacour, Viktor Krum, and Cedric Diggory. In August 2003, British film director Mike Newell was chosen to direct the film after \"\"Prisoner of Azkaban\"\" director Alfonso Cuarón announced that he would not direct the sequel. Heyman returned to produce, and Kloves again wrote the screenplay. Principal photography began on 4 May 2004. Scenes involving the film's principal actors began shooting on 25 June 2004 at England's Leavesden Film Studios. \"\"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\"\" premiered on 6 November 2005 in London, and was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15703414", "chunk_text": "\"Places in Harry Potter\"\nserved as a hiding place for Harry, Ron, Hermione, Luna, Dean Thomas, Mr. Ollivander and Griphook after they managed to escape from imprisonment in Malfoy Manor. Dobby the house-elf was buried in the garden after he died. During the war, Bill himself was the Secret-Keeper for Bill and Fleur. The Shell Cottage scenes were filmed on Freshwater West beach in the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Wales. Spinner's End is a Muggle street, on which sits a house that is the home of Severus Snape. It is described as one of several streets of identical brick houses. The street is located", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3248	when was the last year thanksgiving was on the 23rd?	n/a	[ "2017" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11310798", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\ntook advantage of their employers' broadband Internet connections to do online shopping and retailers began offering sales to meet the demand. Giving Tuesday takes place on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving (United States) Thanksgiving is a national holiday in the United States, celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It originated as a harvest festival. Thanksgiving has been celebrated nationally on and off since 1789, with a proclamation by George Washington after a request by Congress. Thomas Jefferson chose not to observe the holiday, and its celebration was intermittent until the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, when Thanksgiving became a federal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15084337", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nThanksgiving (United States) Thanksgiving is a national holiday in the United States, celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It originated as a harvest festival. Thanksgiving has been celebrated nationally on and off since 1789, with a proclamation by George Washington after a request by Congress. Thomas Jefferson chose not to observe the holiday, and its celebration was intermittent until the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, when Thanksgiving became a federal holiday in 1863, during the American Civil War. Lincoln proclaimed a national day of \"\"Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens,\"\" to be celebrated on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1167974", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nfor the military successes in the war. Because of the ongoing Civil War, a nationwide Thanksgiving date was not realized until Reconstruction was completed in the 1870s. On October 31, 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a presidential proclamation changing the holiday to the next to last Thursday in November, for business reasons. On December 26, 1941, he signed a joint resolution of Congress changing the national Thanksgiving Day from the last Thursday in November to the fourth Thursday. Since 1971, when the American Uniform Monday Holiday Act took effect, the American observance of Columbus Day has coincided with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12583140", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nDecember of that year the Senate passed an amendment to the resolution that split the difference by requiring that Thanksgiving be observed annually on the fourth Thursday of November, which was usually the last Thursday and sometimes (two years out of seven, on average) the next to last. The amendment also passed the House, and on December 26, 1941, President Roosevelt signed this bill, for the first time making the date of Thanksgiving a matter of federal law and fixing the day as the fourth Thursday of November. For several years some states continued to observe the last-Thursday date in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9208502", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nproclamations appointing a day of thanksgiving were issued by the governors of 25 states and two territories. In the middle of the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln, prompted by a series of editorials written by Sarah Josepha Hale, proclaimed a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated on the 26th, the final Thursday of November 1863. The document, written by Secretary of State William H. Seward, reads as follows: Since 1863, Thanksgiving has been observed annually in the United States. The holiday superseded Evacuation Day, a \"\"de facto\"\" national holiday that had been held on November 25 each year prior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5467429", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nof Thanksgiving Day follows a 28-year cycle, broken only by century years that are not also a multiple of 400 (2100, 2200, 2300, 2500, …). The cycle break is an effect of the leap year algorithm, which dictates that such years are common years as an adjustment for the calendar-season alignment that leap years provide. Past and future dates of celebration include: The day after Thanksgiving is a holiday for some companies and most schools. In the last two decades of the 20th century, it became known as Black Friday, the beginning of the Christmas shopping season and a day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15084338", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nthe last Thursday in November. Under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the date was changed to the fourth Thursday in November, an innovation that endures to this day. Together with Christmas and the New Year, Thanksgiving is a part of the broader fall–winter holiday season in the U.S. The event that Americans commonly call the \"\"First Thanksgiving\"\" was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World in October 1621. This feast lasted three days, and—as accounted by attendee Edward Winslow—it was attended by 90 Native Americans and 53 Pilgrims. The New England colonists were accustomed to regularly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15084395", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\non the fourth Thursday in November by law in 1941, the holiday in the United States can occur on any date from November 22 to 28. When it falls on November 22 or 23, it is not the last Thursday, but the penultimate Thursday in November. Regardless, it is the Thursday preceding the last Saturday of November. Because Thanksgiving is a federal holiday, all United States government offices are closed and all employees are paid for that day. It is also a holiday for the New York Stock Exchange and most other financial markets and financial services companies. The date", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1919715", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nafter 1700, late autumn Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country—such as the Irish, Scottish, and Germans—also added their own traditions to the harvest celebrations. Most of the US aspects of Thanksgiving (such as the turkey) were incorporated when United Empire Loyalists began to flee from the United States during the American Revolution and settled in Canada. Pilgrims and Puritans who emigrated from England in the 1620s and 1630s carried the tradition of Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving with them to New England. The modern Thanksgiving holiday tradition is traced to a well-recorded 1619 event in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11889386", "chunk_text": "\"National Thanksgiving Proclamation\"\nas 1607, with the first permanent settlement of Jamestown, Virginia holding a thanksgiving in 1610. In 1619, the Berkeley Hundred colony held a service on December 4, 1619, to celebrate “the day of our ship’s arrival” and proclaimed the date would be “yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to the Almighty God.” The colony was wiped out shortly after, in March 1722, with some inhabitants being massacred, and the rest fleeing. The generally referenced 'First Thanksgiving' occurred on Plymouth Colony, shortly after the colonists first successful harvest in autumn of 1621. They celebrated for three straight", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1919724", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\non November 6. However, when World War I ended, the Armistice Day holiday was usually held during the same week. To prevent the two holidays from clashing with one another, in 1957 the Canadian Parliament proclaimed Thanksgiving to be observed on its present date on the second Monday of October. Thanksgiving in the United States was observed on various dates throughout history. From the time of the Founding Fathers until the time of Lincoln, the date Thanksgiving was observed varied from state to state. The final Thursday in November had become the customary date in most U.S. states by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12583139", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\npresidential declaration of Thanksgiving Day was not legally binding, Roosevelt's change was widely disregarded. Twenty-three states went along with Roosevelt's recommendation, 22 did not, and some, like Texas, could not decide and took both days as government holidays. In 1940 and 1941, years in which November had four Thursdays, Roosevelt declared the third one as Thanksgiving. As in 1939, some states went along with the change while others retained the traditional last-Thursday date. On October 6, 1941, both houses of the U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution fixing the traditional last-Thursday date for the holiday beginning in 1942. However, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1919725", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nbeginning of the 19th century, coinciding with and eventually superseding the existing holiday of Evacuation Day (a day commemorating the British exit from the United States following the Revolutionary War). Modern Thanksgiving was first officially called for in all states in 1863 by a presidential proclamation of Abraham Lincoln. Influenced by the campaigning of author Sarah Josepha Hale, who wrote letters to politicians for around 40 years trying to make it an official holiday, Lincoln proclaimed a national Thanksgiving on the final Thursday in November, explicitly in celebration of the bounties that had continued to fall on the Union and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12069416", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nAs President, on October 3, 1789, George Washington made the following proclamation and created the first Thanksgiving Day designated by the national government of the United States of America: On January 1, 1795, Washington proclaimed a Thanksgiving Day to be observed on Thursday, February 19. President John Adams declared Thanksgivings in 1798 and 1799. As Thomas Jefferson was a deist and a skeptic of the idea of divine intervention, he did not declare any thanksgiving days during his presidency. James Madison renewed the tradition in 1814, in response to resolutions of Congress, at the close of the War of 1812.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1919710", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nThanksgiving Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in Canada, the United States, some of the Caribbean islands, and Liberia. It began as a day of giving thanks for the blessing of the harvest and of the preceding year. Similarly named festival holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States, and around the same part of the year in other places. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12069411", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nin York, Pennsylvania, while the British occupied the national capital at Philadelphia. Delegate Samuel Adams created the first draft. Congress then adapted the final version: George Washington, leader of the revolutionary forces in the American Revolutionary War, proclaimed a Thanksgiving in December 1777 as a victory celebration honoring the defeat of the British at Saratoga. The Continental-Confederation Congress, the legislative body that governed the United States from 1774 to 1789, issued several \"\"national days of prayer, humiliation, and thanksgiving\"\", a practice that was continued by presidents Washington and Adams under the Constitution, and has manifested itself in the established American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9842126", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nfor events favorable to their causes. As President of the United States, George Washington proclaimed the first nationwide thanksgiving celebration in America marking November 26, 1789, \"\"as a day of public thanksgiving and prayer, to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many and signal favours of Almighty God\"\". The question of where the first Thanksgiving was held in the United States has been a subject of debate, primarily between New England and Virginia, complicated by the concept of Thanksgiving as a holiday celebration versus a religious service. James Baker maintains, \"\"The American holiday's true origin was the New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11145814", "chunk_text": "\"National Thanksgiving Proclamation\"\ndayswith their Native American neighbors with whom they had signed a mutual protection treaty the Spring before. In 1723, Massachusetts Bay Governor William Dummer proclaimed a day of thanksgiving on November 6. The first proclamation in the independent United States was issued by John Hancock as President of the Continental Congress as a day of fasting on March 16, 1776. The first national Thanksgiving was celebrated on December 18, 1777, and the Continental Congress issued National Thanksgiving Day proclamations each year between 1778 and 1784. There were no national thanksgiving day proclamations from 1785 to 1788. In Congress, Elias Boudinot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12069407", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nrefreshing 14-day rain which resulted in a larger harvest. William DeLoss Love calculates that this thanksgiving was made on Wednesday, July 30, 1623, a day before the arrival of a supply ship with more colonists, but before the fall harvest. In Love's opinion this 1623 thanksgiving was significant because the order to recognize the event was from civil authority (Governor Bradford), and not from the church, making it likely the first civil recognition of Thanksgiving in New England. Referring to the 1623 harvest after the nearly catastrophic drought, Bradford wrote: These firsthand accounts do not appear to have contributed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11310748", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nobservances of Thanksgiving and the National Day of Prayer today. This proclamation was published in \"\"The Independent Gazetteer, or the Chronicle of Freedom\"\", on November 5, 1782, the first being observed on November 28, 1782: By the United States in Congress assembled, PROCLAMATION. It being the indispensable duty of all nations, not only to offer up their supplications to Almighty God, the giver of all good, for His gracious assistance in a time of distress, but also in a solemn and public manner, to give Him praise for His goodness in general, and especially for great and signal interpositions of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6959965", "chunk_text": "Thanksgivukkah\nU.S. law: as a result of changes between 1939 and 1941, Thanksgiving is always held on the fourth Thursday in November. The last time the fourth Thursday of November fell within Hanukkah before 2013 was in 1861, before Thanksgiving existed. As a result of this confusion, some media reports have mistakenly claimed that Thanksgivukkah had \"\"never\"\" occurred prior to 2013. Because the Gregorian and Jewish calendars have slightly different average year lengths, over time they drift out of sync with each other. As a result of this, the first day of Hanukkah will not precede or coincide with Thanksgiving Day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15084355", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nCaleb Strong, Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, declared the holiday in 1813, \"\"for a day of public thanksgiving and prayer\"\" for Thursday, November 25 of that year. Madison also declared the holiday twice in 1815; however, neither of these was celebrated in autumn. In 1816, Governor Plumer of New Hampshire appointed Thursday, November 14 to be observed as a day of Public Thanksgiving and Governor Brooks of Massachusetts appointed Thursday, November 28 to be \"\"observed throughout that State as a day of Thanksgiving\"\". A thanksgiving day was annually appointed by the governor of New York from 1817. By 1858", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11889385", "chunk_text": "\"National Thanksgiving Proclamation\"\nNational Thanksgiving Proclamation The National Thanksgiving Proclamation was the first formal proclamation of Thanksgiving in the United States. President George Washington declared Thursday, November 26, 1789 as a day of public thanksgiving and prayer. Setting aside time to give thanks for one's blessings, along with holding feasts to celebrate a harvest, are both practices that long predate the European settlement of North America. The first documented thanksgiving services in territory currently belonging to the United States were conducted by Spaniards and the French in the 16th century. Thanksgiving services were routine in what became the Commonwealth of Virginia as early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1919713", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nof Fasting. Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving. For example, Days of Fasting were called on account of drought in 1611, floods in 1613, and plagues in 1604 and 1622. Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 and following the deliverance of Queen Anne in 1705. An unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and developed into Guy Fawkes Day on November 5. According to some historians, the first celebration of Thanksgiving in North America occurred during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8600074", "chunk_text": "\"National Thanksgiving Proclamation\"\non the third). However, it was not until 1863 that Abraham Lincoln established the regular tradition of observing days of national thanksgiving. National Thanksgiving Proclamation The National Thanksgiving Proclamation was the first formal proclamation of Thanksgiving in the United States. President George Washington declared Thursday, November 26, 1789 as a day of public thanksgiving and prayer. Setting aside time to give thanks for one's blessings, along with holding feasts to celebrate a harvest, are both practices that long predate the European settlement of North America. The first documented thanksgiving services in territory currently belonging to the United States were conducted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15084358", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nyears with five November Thursdays (the next such year being 1944), with Texas doing so as late as 1956. The poor are often provided with food at Thanksgiving time. Most communities have annual food drives that collect non-perishable packaged and canned foods, and corporations sponsor charitable distributions of staple foods and Thanksgiving dinners. The Salvation Army enlists volunteers to serve Thanksgiving dinners to hundreds of people in different locales. Additionally, pegged to be five days after Thanksgiving is Giving Tuesday, a celebration of charitable giving. U.S. tradition compares the holiday with a meal held in 1621 by the Wampanoag and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7001160", "chunk_text": "\"Plymouth Colony\"\nannual day of thanksgiving to commemorate the Pilgrim's first harvest feast. After nearly 40 years, Abraham Lincoln declared the first modern Thanksgiving to fall on the last Thursday in November in 1863. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Congress ultimately moved it to the fourth Thursday in November. After some sparring as to the date, the holiday was recognized by Congress as an official federal holiday in 1941. Some of the modern traditions which have developed alongside the Thanksgiving holiday are the National Football League's Thanksgiving Day games and the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City. One of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11145818", "chunk_text": "\"National Thanksgiving Proclamation\"\nmade this proclamation on October 3, 1789 in New York City. On the day of thanksgiving, Washington attended services at St. Paul's Chapel in New York City, and donated beer and food to imprisoned debtors in the city. George Washington proclaimed a second day of Thanksgiving in 1795, following the defeat of the Whiskey Rebellion. After Washington left office, John Adams, James Madison, and others intermediately declared days of Thanksgiving. Several presidents opposed days of national thanksgiving, with Thomas Jefferson openly denouncing such a proclamation. By 1855, 16 states celebrated Thanksgiving (14 on the fourth Thursday of November, and two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5467405", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\ncreation. The Detroit Lions have hosted a game every Thanksgiving Day from 1934 to 1938 and again every year since 1945. In 1966, the Dallas Cowboys, who had been founded six years earlier, adopted the practice of hosting Thanksgiving games. The league added a third game in prime time in 2006, which aired on the NFL Network, then moved to NBC in 2012. The third game has no set site or team, providing an opportunity for all teams in the league to host a Thanksgiving game in the future. For college football teams that participate in the highest level (all", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1167970", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nhome in a lonely wilderness, set aside a time of thanksgiving. On the appointed day, they gave reverent thanks for their safety, for the health of their children, for the fertility of their fields, for the love which bound them together, and for the faith which united them with their God.\"\" Other claims include an earlier religious service by Spanish explorers in Texas at San Elizario in 1598. Robyn Gioia and Michael Gannon of the University of Florida argue that the earliest Thanksgiving service in what is now the United States was celebrated by the Spanish on September 8, 1565,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16047759", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nchurch in the morning (and occasionally afternoon) too. The Philippines, while it was an American colony in the first half of the 20th century, celebrated Thanksgiving as a special public holiday on the same day as the Americans. During the Japanese occupation during World War II, both the Americans and Filipinos celebrated Thanksgiving in secret. After Japanese withdrawal in 1945, the tradition continued until 1965. It was revived by President Ferdinand Marcos, but on every September 21, when martial law was imposed in the country. After Marcos' ouster in 1986, the tradition was no longer continued. The nation of Saint", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15872148", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving dinner\"\nholidays landed on Thursday in 1947. (Pumpkin pie was discouraged because it contained eggs.) The National Poultry and Egg Board furiously lobbied the President to cease promoting the plan; it culminated in a truce at the National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation shortly before Thanksgiving. Turkey was no longer forbidden, but Eggless Thursdays remained for the rest of the year, meaning no pumpkin pie was served at the White House dinner that year. Turkey is the most common main dish of a Thanksgiving dinner, to the point where Thanksgiving is sometimes colloquially called “Turkey Day.” In 2006, American turkey growers were expected", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12069405", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\noccurred between Sept. 21 and Nov. 11, 1621, with the most likely time being around Michaelmas (Sept. 29), the traditional time.\"\" Seventeenth-century accounts do not identify this as a Thanksgiving observance, rather it followed the harvest. It included 50 persons who were on the Mayflower (all who remained of the 100 who had landed) and 90 Native Americans. The feast was cooked by the four adult Pilgrim women who survived their first winter in the New World (Eleanor Billington, Elizabeth Hopkins, Mary Brewster, and Susanna White), along with young daughters and male and female servants. Two colonists gave personal accounts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12583138", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\npush Thanksgiving to a week earlier to expand the shopping season, and within two years the change passed through Congress into law. Republicans decried the change, calling it an affront to the memory of Lincoln. People began referring to November 30 as the \"\"Republican Thanksgiving\"\" and November 23 as the \"\"Democratic Thanksgiving\"\" or \"\"Franksgiving\"\". Regardless of the politics, many localities had made a tradition of celebrating on the last Thursday, and many football teams had a tradition of playing their final games of the season on Thanksgiving; with their schedules set well in advance, they could not change. Since a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4002722", "chunk_text": "Franksgiving\nestablished as Thanksgiving Day, and called for observation \"\"in prayer\"\" of both it and the New Year's Day to follow. The majority of states immediately changed their laws to coincide with the nationally observed date. The first year following the joint resolution with five Thursdays in November was 1944, and Thanksgiving was observed on the 23rd of the month with the exception of the States of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Nebraska, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. (The nation was in the midst of World War II, and most nationwide celebrations as well as many regional ones were on hiatus at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12069410", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nlonely wilderness, set aside a time of thanksgiving. On the appointed day, they gave reverent thanks for their safety, for the health of their children, for the fertility of their fields, for the love which bound them together and for the faith which united them with their God.\"\" During the American Revolutionary War the Continental Congress appointed one or more thanksgiving days each year, each time recommending to the executives of the various states the observance of these days in their states. The First National Proclamation of Thanksgiving was given by the Continental Congress in 1777 from its temporary location", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9208525", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nsince at least 1990, but 2011 was the first time the game was nationally televised.) The NHL had played games on Thanksgiving itself, usually scheduling games involving Canadian teams (but not always, as was the case in 2016, when the league scheduled a nationally televised game Thanksgiving night between two American teams on the West Coast). In Canada, Thanksgiving is in October, although no games were scheduled in 2011 and only one was scheduled in 2012 (both the Thanksgiving Showdown and the lone Canadian game on U.S. Thanksgiving were canceled as a result of a labor dispute in 2012); as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12583136", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nmismatched adult clothes and with deliberately smudged faces, but by the late 1950s the tradition had diminished enough to only exist in its original form in a few communities around New York, with many of its traditions subsumed into the Halloween custom of trick-or-treating. Abraham Lincoln's successors as president followed his example of annually declaring the final Thursday in November to be Thanksgiving. But in 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt broke with this tradition. November had five Thursdays that year (instead of the more-common four), Roosevelt declared the fourth Thursday as Thanksgiving rather than the fifth one. Although many popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1167976", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nholiday is celebrated in churches, the holiday is mostly celebrated in a secular manner. Thanksgiving is a statutory holiday in all provinces in Canada, except for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. While businesses may remain open in these provinces, the holiday is nonetheless recognized and celebrated regardless of its status. In the West Indian island of Grenada, in the Caribbean, there is a national holiday known as Thanksgiving Day which is celebrated on October 25. Even though it bears the same name, and is celebrated at roughly the same time as the American and Canadian versions of Thanksgiving, this holiday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5830669", "chunk_text": "\"Plymouth Colony\"\nService issued a three hundred and fiftieth-year commemorative stamp recognizing the English dissenters first landing at the modern day settlement of Provincetown, Massachusetts in 1620. Each year, the United States celebrates a holiday known as Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November. It is a federal holiday and frequently involves a family gathering with a large feast, traditionally featuring a turkey. Civic recognitions of the holiday typically include parades and football games. The holiday is meant to honor the First Thanksgiving, which was a harvest feast held in Plymouth in 1621, as first recorded in the book \"\"New England's Memorial\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12069424", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nin England, even though the bird is native to the Americas. The Spaniards had brought domesticated turkeys back from Central America in the early 17th century, and the birds soon became popular fare all over Europe, including England, where turkey (as an alternative to the traditional goose) became a \"\"fixture at English Christmases\"\". The Pilgrims did not observe Christmas. As a result of the size of Thanksgiving dinner, Americans eat more food on Thanksgiving than on any other day of the year. Thanksgiving was founded as a religious observance for all the members of the community to give thanks to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12583158", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (United States)\"\nplayed on pay-per-view. The world championship pumpkin chunking contest was held in early November in Delaware and televised each Thanksgiving on Science Channel, but a lawsuit arising from an injury suffered by one of the producers in the 2016 event caused the cancellation of the 2017 one. In ice hockey, the National Hockey League announced, as part of its decade-long extension with NBC, that they would begin airing a game on the Friday afternoon following Thanksgiving beginning the 2011–12 NHL season; the game has since been branded as the \"\"Thanksgiving Showdown\"\". (The Boston Bruins have played matinees on Black Friday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9842130", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nCanadian observance of Thanksgiving. In the Australian external territory of Norfolk Island, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the last Wednesday of November, similar to the pre–World War II American observance on the last Thursday of the month. This means the Norfolk Island observance is the day before or six days after the United States' observance. The holiday was brought to the island by visiting American whaling ships. Thanksgiving (), occurring on the second Monday in October, is an annual Canadian holiday to give thanks at the close of the harvest season. Although the original act of Parliament references God and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16648035", "chunk_text": "\"Giving Tuesday\"\nGiving Tuesday Giving Tuesday, often stylized as <nowiki>#GivingTuesday</nowiki> for purposes of hashtag activism, refers to the Tuesday after U.S. Thanksgiving in the United States. It is a movement to create an international day of charitable giving at the beginning of the Christmas and holiday season. Giving Tuesday was started in 2012 by the 92nd Street Y and the United Nations Foundation as a response to commercialization and consumerism in the post-Thanksgiving season (Black Friday and Cyber Monday). If Thanksgiving is on November 22, 23, 24, or 25, it will fall in November but if it is on November 26, 27,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12069373", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (Canada)\"\nfrom a serious illness. For many years before it was declared a national holiday in 1879, Thanksgiving was celebrated in either late October or early November. From 1879 onward, Thanksgiving Day has been observed every year, the date initially being a Thursday in November. After World War I, an amendment to the Armistice Day Act established that Armistice Day and Thanksgiving would, starting in 1921, both be celebrated on the Monday of the week in which November 11 occurred. Ten years later, in 1931, the two days became separate holidays, and Armistice Day was renamed Remembrance Day. From 1931 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11849840", "chunk_text": "February\ntheir week on a Monday, it occurs as part of a common year starting on Friday, in which February 1st is a Monday and the 28th is a Sunday; this occurred in 1965, 1971, 1982, 1993, 1999 and 2010, and occur will again in 2021. In countries that start their week on a Sunday, it occurs in a common year starting on Thursday, with the next occurrence in 2026, and previous occurrences in 1987, 1998, 2009 and 2015. The pattern is broken by a skipped leap year, but no leap year has been skipped since 1900 and no others will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4002719", "chunk_text": "Franksgiving\nand the District of Columbia recognized the non-traditional date, twenty-two states preserved the traditional date on November 30, and the remaining three – Colorado, Mississippi, and Texas – gave holidays in both weeks. In 1940, 32 states' governments and the District of Columbia observed the earlier date on November 21, while 16 states chose what some were calling the \"\"Republican\"\" Thanksgiving on the 28th. A 1941 Commerce Department survey found no significant expansion of retail sales due to the change. November of that year once again saw 32 states and the District of Columbia observing the holiday on the 20th,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4002720", "chunk_text": "Franksgiving\nwhile the remaining 16 states did so on the 27th. Roughly two in seven last Thursdays of November are the fifth Thursday of that month; in 1939, the fourth (but second to last) Thursday had been named in the presidential proclamation, in lieu of that year's fifth (and last) Thursday. The second and third of the then non-traditional Thanksgivings remain outliers. Specifically, the presidential proclamation of November 9, 1940 and November 8, 1941 called for observances on November 21, 1940 and November 20, 1941, respectively, the third (and second to last) Thursdays. Every such holiday in the 20th century until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1919718", "chunk_text": "Thanksgiving\nwere declared by civil leaders such as Governor Bradford, who planned the colony's thanksgiving celebration and fast in 1623. The practice of holding an annual harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s. Thanksgiving proclamations were made mostly by church leaders in New England up until 1682, and then by both state and church leaders until after the American Revolution. During the revolutionary period, political influences affected the issuance of Thanksgiving proclamations. Various proclamations were made by royal governors, John Hancock, General George Washington, and the Continental Congress, each giving thanks to God", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4775520", "chunk_text": "\"Thanksgiving (Canada)\"\nThanksgiving (Canada) Thanksgiving (), or Thanksgiving Day (\"\"\"\") is an annual Canadian holiday, occurring on the second Monday in October, which celebrates the harvest and other blessings of the past year. Thanksgiving has been officially celebrated as an annual holiday in Canada since November 6, 1879. While the date varied by year and was not fixed, it was commonly the third Monday in October. On January 31, 1957, the Governor General of Canada Vincent Massey issued a proclamation stating: \"\"A Day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed – to be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3249	who won the medals in men's figure skating 2018?	n/a	[ "Yuzuru Hanyu", "Javier Fernández", "Shoma Uno" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3638827", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February. This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. With his victory at the 2018 Winter Olympics, Yuzuru Hanyu became the first male figure skater to win two consecutive gold medals after Dick Button, who did so in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3638828", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\"\n1952. Fellow countryman Shoma Uno won the silver medal, and Spain's Javier Fernández won the bronze medal. Fernández won Spain's first figure skating medal and fourth medal at the Winter Olympics. After the short program, Hanyu, Fernández, Uno, and Jin Boyang were first, second, third, and fourth respectively. Nathan Chen, originally one of the favorites for the podium, skated an uncharacteristically poor short program that placed him at 17th, but fought back to win the free skating with a score of 215.08--8.91 points above the second place free skating by Hanyu. He ended up fifth overall. In the free program,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3638829", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\"\nJin Boyang overtook Chen by less than a point overall, and placed fourth. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tsunekazu Takeda, member of the International Olympic Committee, accompanied by Alexander Lakernik, ISU Figure Skating Vice President. Vincent Zhou landed the first quadruple lutz at the Olympics. Nathan Chen became the first to ever land six quads, five clean. He also landed the first quadruple flip at the Olympics. With these jumps he holds the new record for highest free skating technical score. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3638831", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\"\nwas held on 16 February 2018. The free skating was held on 17 February 2018. The skaters were ranked according to their overall score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's single figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 16 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 16 February and the free skating was held on 17 February. This medal event was the 1000th medal event in the history of the Winter Olympic Games. With his victory at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6333218", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot became Olympic champions after finishing fourth in the short program and setting a record with their score in the free program. Sui Wenjing and Han Cong, leading after the short program, made a couple of mistakes in the free program and won silver. Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6347461", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance The ice dance competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held on 19 and 20 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short ice dance was held on 19 February and the free ice dance was held on 20 February. Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir scored 83.67 in the short dance, breaking their own world record. Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron finished in second place, 1.74 points behind Virtue/Moir. Madison Hubbell and Zachary Donohue finished in third place, and Maia Shibutani and Alex Shibutani were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10237576", "chunk_text": "\"Jin Boyang\"\nChinese athlete competing in men's single skating in Olympic history so far. At the 2018 World Championships, he placed fourth in the short program but dropped to 19th overall after ranking 23rd in the free skate. \"\"GP: Grand Prix\"\"; \"\"CS: Challenger Series\"\"; \"\"JGP: Junior Grand Prix\"\" \"\"Small medals for short and free programs are awarded only at ISU Championships. At team events, medals are awarded for team results only.\"\" Jin Boyang Jin Boyang (; ; born October 3, 1997) is a Chinese figure skater. He is a two-time World bronze medalist (2016–2017), the 2018 Four Continentschampion, the 2017 Asian Winter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6347463", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance\"\nscored enough points overall to win the gold medal, setting another world record with a total score of 206.07. This was the third Olympic medal that Virtue/Moir had won in ice dance; they won their first gold in 2010 and they took silver in 2014. It was also their fifth Olympic medal overall (including two team medals in 2014 and 2018), making them the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history. For complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best scores were set during this competition: A total of 24", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16095507", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Chen\"\nplaces from the short program to finish in 5th place overall. In March at the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Chen placed first in both the short (101.94) and free (219.46) programs. He again attempted and landed six quads in the free program, winning the 2018 world champion title with a total score of 321.40 points and becoming the second skater to have ever broken 320 points after Yuzuru Hanyu. Chen becomes the first U.S. men's world champion since Evan Lysacek in 2009 and the 10th in history, joining the group of great world champions from the United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17766889", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Japan Figure Skating Championships\"\n2017–18 Japan Figure Skating Championships The 2017–18 Japan Figure Skating Championships were held in Tokyo, in December 2017. It was the 86th edition of the event. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The senior competitions took place on 20–24 December 2017 at the Musashino Forest Sports Plaza, Tokyo. Shoma Uno won his second consecutive national title. Miyahara won the national title for the fourth year in a row. The junior men's singles, ladies' singles, and ice dancing competitions took place on 24–26 November 2017 in Gunma. The Japan Skating Federation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7125208", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The five events took place between 9 and 23 February 2018. A total of 148 quota spots were available to athletes to compete at the games. Each NOC could enter a maximum of 18 athletes, with a maximum of nine men or nine women. An additional six quota spots were made available for the team event. A further ten team trophy quotas (two in each discipline) were distributed to countries who qualified for the team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16555737", "chunk_text": "\"Single skating\"\ncompetitions for the Olympic Winter Games, and ISU Grand Prix events for both junior and senior-level skaters (including the finals).<ref name=\"\"S&P/ID2018-9\"\">S&P/ID 2018, p. 9</ref> The short program must be skated before the free skate, the second component in competitions. The short program lasts, for both senior and junior singles and pairs, 2 minutes and 40 seconds.<ref name=\"\"S&P/ID2018-78\"\">S&P/ID 2018, p. 78</ref> Vocal music with lyrics has been allowed in single skating and in all disciplines since the 2014-2015 season. Yuzuru Hanyu from Japan holds the highest single men's short program score of 112.72 points, which he earned at the 2017 CS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16095514", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Chen\"\nISU Championships.\"\" ! colspan=\"\"3\"\" style=\"\"border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;\"\" \|World Record Holders Nathan Chen Nathan Chen (born May 5, 1999) is an American figure skater who competes in the men's singles discipline. He is the 2018 World champion, the 2018 Winter Olympic bronze medalist in the team event, the 2017 Four Continents champion, a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2017, 2018), and a two-time U.S. national champion (2017, 2018). Chen is the first and currently only skater competing with five quadruple jumps: toe loop, salchow, loop, flip and lutz. Nathan Chen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and he has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18754826", "chunk_text": "\"Free skating\"\nwas allowed at the Olympics was in 2018. According to figure skating historian James R. Hines, \"\"free skating has been a part of competition throughout the history\"\" of the ISU. Free skating, which became more important and popular after World War II, was developed when skaters connected individual compulsory figures into a cohesive program. The free skate, along with compulsory figures, were segments in competitions until 1973, when the short program was added. Japanese skater Yuzuru Hanyu holds the highest single men's free skating program score of 190.43, which he earned at the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki. Alina Zagitova", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16954724", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics\"\nmade their Olympic debuts in the sport. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The five events took place between 9 and 23 February 2018. A total of 148 quota spots were available to athletes to compete at the games. Each NOC could enter a maximum of 18 athletes, with a maximum of nine men or nine women. An additional six quota spots were made available for the team event. A further ten team trophy quotas (two in each discipline) were distributed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19347923", "chunk_text": "\"Jin Boyang\"\nJin Boyang Jin Boyang (; ; born October 3, 1997) is a Chinese figure skater. He is a two-time World bronze medalist (2016–2017), the 2018 Four Continentschampion, the 2017 Asian Winter Games silver medalist, and a four-time (2014–2017) Chinese national champion. He is the first Chinese skater to medal in the men's singles at the World Figure Skating Championships. On the junior level, he is the 2015 World Junior silver medalist and the 2013 JGP Final champion. Jin is the first skater to ever land a quad lutz-triple toe loop combination in international competition, the first skater to have landed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2441016", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Figure Skating Championships\"\n2017 World Figure Skating Championships The 2017 World Figure Skating Championships were held 29 March – 2 April 2017 in Helsinki, Finland. The host was named in June 2014. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dancing. The event also determined the number of entries for each country at the 2018 World Championships and the 2018 Winter Olympics. Hartwall Arena's main arena, with an ice surface measuring 60 m x 30 m, was used for all competitions and several practice sessions. The rest of the practice sessions took place at Hartwall Arena's practice", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3638830", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\"\nA total of 30 skaters qualified to compete for the event, with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three. 24 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships and the remaining six were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. Each country decided the entry of its teams, and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete. All athletes competing must have met the minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 25.00 and the free skating 45.00. The short program", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16095505", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Chen\"\nChen performed a total seven clean quadruple jumps (two in the short program and five in the free skate) and scored 315.23 to win his second consecutive national title. Following the event, Chen, Adam Rippon, and Vincent Zhou were nominated by U.S. Figure Skating to compete at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea as part of the U.S. Olympic Figure Skating Team. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Chen placed 4th in the men's short program of the team event, became the first skater to land a quad Flip at the Olympics. Chen won a bronze medal in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "439697", "chunk_text": "\"Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\"\nruns, split over two days, were used to determine the winner. Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 10 and 11 February 2018 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The event was won by David Gleirscher, who became the first Austrian to win men's luge since 1968. Chris Mazdzer won the silver medal, whereas Johannes Ludwig won the bronze. For all of them, this was the first Olympic medal, and the Mazdzer's medal is the first ever medal for the United States in men's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8240735", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Figure Skating Championships\"\nallowed to field one to three entries per discipline. Countries began publishing their selections as early as December 2016. The International Skating Union published a complete list on 9 March 2017. Yuzuru Hanyu set a new world record for the free skating (223.20 points). Evgenia Medvedeva set a new world record for the free skating (154.40 points) and for the combined total (233.41 points). Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir set a new world record for the short dance (82.43 points) and for the combined total (198.62 points). Gabriella Papadakis and Guillaume Cizeron set a new world record for the free", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17799753", "chunk_text": "\"Luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles\"\nLuge at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's singles The men's luge at the 2018 Winter Olympics was held between 10 and 11 February 2018 at the Alpensia Sliding Centre near Pyeongchang, South Korea. The event was won by David Gleirscher, who became the first Austrian to win men's luge since 1968. Chris Mazdzer won the silver medal, whereas Johannes Ludwig won the bronze. For all of them, this was the first Olympic medal, and the Mazdzer's medal is the first ever medal for the United States in men's luge. This is the first time since 1988 than none of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5891617", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Chan\"\nPatrick Chan Patrick Lewis Wai-Kuan Chan (born December 31, 1990) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater. He is a 2018 Olympic gold medalist in the team event, 2014 Olympic silver medalist in the men's and team events, a three-time World champion (2011, 2012, 2013), a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2010 and 2011), a three-time Four Continents champion (2009, 2012, 2016), and a ten-time Canadian national champion (2008–2014, 2016–2018). On April 27, 2011, Chan set a new world record of 93.02 points for the short program. On April 28, 2011, Chan then set a new world record for his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10427709", "chunk_text": "\"Mikhail Kolyada\"\nMikhail Kolyada Mikhail Sergeyevich Kolyada (, pronounced \"\"Koh-lyah-DAH\"\"; born 18 February 1995) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 World bronze medalist, 2017 European and 2018 European bronze medalist, 2017 Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, 2017 Cup of China champion, 2017 Russian national and 2018 Russian national champion. Mikhail Sergeyevich Kolyada was born on 18 February 1995 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. He has three younger siblings. He is enrolled at the Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health. Kolyada began learning to skate in 2000. Coach Valentina Chebotareva invited him to join her group when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1517748", "chunk_text": "\"2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships\"\n2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships The 2018 Prudential U.S. Figure Skating Championships were held from December 29, 2017 – January 8, 2018 at the SAP Center in San Jose, California. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies singles, pair skating, and ice dancing at the senior, junior, novice, intermediate, and juvenile levels. The results were part of the U.S. selection criteria for the 2018 Winter Olympics, 2018 Four Continents Championships, 2018 World Junior Championships, and the 2018 World Championships. San Jose was announced as the host in August 2016. Competitors qualified at regional and sectional competitions held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11160768", "chunk_text": "\"Zhang He (figure skater)\"\nZhang He (figure skater) Zhang He (; November 5, 1996) is a Chinese figure skater. He is the 2018 Chinese national silver medalist. He has won six ISU Junior Grand Prix medals and has competed at four World Junior Championships, placing as high as 6th. Zhang debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series in 2010, placing 9th and 10th in his two events. The next season, he won his first medal, silver in Latvia, and placed 5th in his other event in Austria. He was sent to his first World Junior Championships, finishing 6th. In 2012–13, Zhang missed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16199605", "chunk_text": "\"Ice dance\"\nOksana Domnina and Maxim Shabalin won bronze, but it was the first time Europeans had not won a gold medal in the history of ice dance at the Olympics. The U.S. began to dominate international competitions in ice dance at the turn of the 21st century; at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi, Davis and White won the Olympics gold medal. In 2018, at the Olympics in PyeongChang, Virtue and Moir became the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history after winning the gold medal there. Skaters must only execute the prescribed elements; if they do not, the extra or unprescribed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20185907", "chunk_text": "\"Yuzuru Hanyu\"\nYuzuru Hanyu Regarded as one of the greatest, if not the greatest figure skater in history, Hanyu has broken world records sixteen times - the most times among singles skaters since the introduction of the ISU Judging System in 2004. He holds the current world records for the short program, free skating and combined total scores in addition to the historical world records for all three segments for the era before the 2018-19 season. He is the first man to have broken the 100-point barrier in the men's short program, the 200-point barrier in the men's free skating, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7079243", "chunk_text": "\"Patrick Chan\"\nof his footwork. He stated that this Olympic event was his last competition. He officially retired from competition on April 16, 2018. \"\"GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\"\" \"\"Small medals for short program and free skating awarded only at ISU Championships.\"\" Patrick Chan Patrick Lewis Wai-Kuan Chan (born December 31, 1990) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater. He is a 2018 Olympic gold medalist in the team event, 2014 Olympic silver medalist in the men's and team events, a three-time World champion (2011, 2012, 2013), a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2010 and 2011), a three-time Four Continents", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12607241", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Junior Figure Skating Championships\"\n2017 World Junior Figure Skating Championships The 2017 World Junior Figure Skating Championships were held March 15–19, 2017 in Taipei City, Taiwan (Chinese Taipei). Commonly called \"\"World Juniors\"\" and \"\"Junior Worlds\"\", the event determined the World Junior champions in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Pair champions Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya / Harley Windsor became the first skaters representing Australia to win gold at an ISU Figure Skating Championships. The United States received gold in two disciplines, with Vincent Zhou winning the men's singles title and Rachel Parsons / Michael Parsons taking the ice dancing title.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6347462", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Ice dance\"\nfourth, with just 0.02 points separating the two couples. Shibutani/Shibutani were the 17th couple to take to the ice in the free dance, starting off in 4th place after the short dance; they took the lead with a combined total score of 192.59. Papadakis/Cizeron were next to skate, and they broke their world records for both the free dance and the total score, finishing with 205.28 points. Hubbell/Donohue received a deduction for a fall and were briefly in third place with 187.69 points. The last to skate were Virtue/Moir, who scored less than Papadakis/Cizeron in the free dance but still", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18754295", "chunk_text": "\"Short program (figure skating)\"\nthe short programs introduced in single men and women competitions in 1973 were modeled after the pair skating short program, and the structure of competitions in both single and pair competitions have been identical since the elimination of compulsory figures in 1990. Yuzuru Hanyu from Japan holds the highest single men's short program score of 112.72 points, which he earned at the 2017 CS Autumn Classic International in Montreal, Quebec. Russian skater Alina Zagitova holds the highest single women's short program score of 82.92, which she earned at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games in PyeongChang, South Korea. Russian pair team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3649085", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event\"\nFigure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Team event The team event was a figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics that was held from 9 to 12 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. It took place over three days between 9–12 February with the short programs and the short dance taking place on 9 and 11 February, and the free skates and the free dance taking place on 11 and 12 February. In the victory ceremony, the medals were presented by Tricia Smith, Lydia Nsekera, and Britta Heidemann, members of the International", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17563212", "chunk_text": "\"Vincent Zhou\"\nFrance, he fell on the quads in his short program, ending up 10th in the short and 9th overall. After intense training and a shoulder dislocation, Zhou headed to the 2018 U.S. Figure Skating Championships, where he attempted a total of seven quadruple jumps. He took 5th in the short program and 3rd in the free skate, taking the bronze medal. His total score was just 0.68 points behind silver medalist Ross Miner. Alongside Nathan Chen and Adam Rippon, Zhou was named in the U.S. Olympic figure skating team to Pyeongchang, South Korea. During his short program on February 16,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16095487", "chunk_text": "\"Nathan Chen\"\nNathan Chen Nathan Chen (born May 5, 1999) is an American figure skater who competes in the men's singles discipline. He is the 2018 World champion, the 2018 Winter Olympic bronze medalist in the team event, the 2017 Four Continents champion, a two-time Grand Prix Final champion (2017, 2018), and a two-time U.S. national champion (2017, 2018). Chen is the first and currently only skater competing with five quadruple jumps: toe loop, salchow, loop, flip and lutz. Nathan Chen was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and he has four older siblings. He attended West High School in Salt Lake", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9412963", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 Japan Figure Skating Championships\"\nselected skaters for international competitions in the second half of the 2017–18 season based on the results of the national championships as well as international ISU-sanctioned competitions. The 2018 Winter Olympics will be held in Pyeongchang, South Korea, February 9-25 2018. Yuzuru Hanyu was chosen to compete despite missing the national championships, by virtue of his status as reigning World and Olympic champion, and his first place in the ISU World Standings at the time of the championships. The 2018 World Figure Skating Championships will be held in Milan, Italy, 19-25 March, 2018. Japan's entries were announced in late December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6333219", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nwere third. This was the second Olympics since 1964 that a Soviet or Russian pair did not win a medal. For a complete list of figure skating records, see list of highest scores in figure skating. The following new best score was set during this competition: A total of 22 teams qualified to compete for the event, with each country allowed to only enter a maximum of three. Originally only 20 spots were available, but due to the invitation of the North and South Korean teams, the quota jumped to 22. 16 quotas were handed out during the 2017 World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18977806", "chunk_text": "\"2018 European Figure Skating Championships\"\n2018 European Figure Skating Championships The 2018 European Figure Skating Championships were held in January 2018 in Moscow, Russia. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dancing. The following new ISU best scores were set during this competition: Skaters were eligible for the event if they represented a European member nation of the International Skating Union and had reached the age of 15 before July 1, 2017, in their place of birth. The corresponding competition for non-European skaters is the 2018 Four Continents Championships. National associations selected their entries according to their own", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6333220", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nFigure Skating Championships and four were given out at the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. Each country decided the entry of its teams, and athletes winning the quota were not necessarily granted the right to compete. The South Korean were given an additional quota as host nation, after they failed to qualify through the World Championships or Nebelhorn Trophy. North Korea, who originally qualified at the Nebelhorn Trophy, did not register its athletes in time. However, after the country agreed to participate in the games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) allowed the pair to compete. All pairs competing must have met", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4345614", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships\"\ntiebreaker to Russia's Artur Dalaloyan. Dalaloyan became the first Russian man to win the all-around title since Nikolai Kryukov in 1999; they are the only two Russian men to have won the title in the post-Soviet era. Last year's silver medalist, China's Lin Chaopan, failed to reach the final after finishing behind teammates Xiao and Sun Wei in qualifying. Reigning bronze medalist Kenzō Shirai of Japan finished seventh. Canada's René Cournoyer withdrew prior to the competition and was replaced by first reserve Artur Davtyan of Armenia. Oldest and youngest competitors Oldest and youngest competitors Oldest and youngest competitors Oldest and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7518701", "chunk_text": "\"Shoma Uno\"\nChampionships in Taipei City, Chinese Taipei, 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, and 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Italy. Placing third in the short program and third in the free skate, Uno took silver at the 2018 Winter Olympics, 1.66 points ahead of bronze medallist Javier Fernández of Spain. At the 2018 World Figure Skating Championships in Milan, Uno had to leave practice only after a few minutes on ice and was carried to a bus on a staff member's back. Upon examination, no serious injury was found, however his skates caused his pain. However, it has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11160770", "chunk_text": "\"Zhang He (figure skater)\"\noverall. \"\"GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\"\" Zhang He (figure skater) Zhang He (; November 5, 1996) is a Chinese figure skater. He is the 2018 Chinese national silver medalist. He has won six ISU Junior Grand Prix medals and has competed at four World Junior Championships, placing as high as 6th. Zhang debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix (JGP) series in 2010, placing 9th and 10th in his two events. The next season, he won his first medal, silver in Latvia, and placed 5th in his other event in Austria. He was sent to his first World", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14018104", "chunk_text": "\"Cha Jun-hwan\"\nCha Jun-hwan Cha Jun-hwan (차준환) (born October 21, 2001) is a South Korean figure skater who competes in the men’s singles discipline. He is the 2018–19 Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, and a two-time South Korean national champion (2017, 2018). He won two bronze medals at the ISU Grand Prix series and two silver medals at the ISU Challenger Series. He represented South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics. In the junior level, he is the 2016–17 Junior Grand Prix Final bronze medalist and the two-time South Korean national junior champion (2012, 2013). Cha was born on October 21, 2001,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7518698", "chunk_text": "\"Shoma Uno\"\nand Yuzuru Hanyu. At the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships in Helsinki, he set new personal best scores for both the short program with a score of 104.86 and free skate with a score of 214.45, earning the silver medal with the fourth ever highest combined score of 319.31, just 2.28 points behind World Champion Yuzuru Hanyu and 15.73 points ahead of bronze medalist Jin Boyang. At the final competition of this season, the World Team Trophy in Tokyo, he was able to win a gold medal for Japan with his team mates. He won the short program with 103.53", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2578655", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Russian Figure Skating Championships\"\n2018 Russian Figure Skating Championships The 2018 Russian Figure Skating Championships () were held from 19 to 24 December 2017 in Saint Petersburg. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The results are among the criteria used to select Russia's teams to the 2018 European Championships, 2018 Winter Olympics, and 2018 World Championships. In the 2017–18 season, Russian skaters will compete in domestic qualifying events and national championships for various age levels. The Russian Cup series will lead to three events – the Russian Championships, the Russian Junior Championships, and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6333221", "chunk_text": "\"Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating\"\nthe minimum total elements score, which does not include component scores. For the short program this was 20.00 and the free skate 36.00. The short program was held on 14 February. The free skating was held on 15 February. The skaters are ranked according to their overall score. Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Pairs skating The pairs figure skating competition of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. The short program was held on 14 February and the free skating on 15 February 2018. Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12269342", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Rippon\"\nAdam Rippon Adam Rippon (born November 11, 1989) is an American figure skater. He won the 2010 Four Continents Championships and the 2016 U.S. National Championships. Earlier in his career, he won the 2008 and 2009 World Junior Championships, the 2007–08 Junior Grand Prix Final, and the 2008 U.S junior national title. Rippon was selected to represent the United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Rippon won a bronze medal as part of the figure skating team event, thus becoming the first openly gay U.S. male athlete to win a medal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10096706", "chunk_text": "\"Short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 1000 metres\"\nShort track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men's 1000 metres The men's 1000 metres in short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics took place on 13 and 17 February 2018 at the Gangneung Ice Arena in Gangneung, South Korea. Samuel Girard won gold, John-Henry Krueger took the silver medal, and Seo Yi-ra won bronze. For all of them, this was their first Olympic medal. Charles Hamelin set an Olympic record in the heats but was disqualified in semifinals. In Final A, Sándor Liu Shaolin, trying to pass from the inside, interfered with one of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2488891", "chunk_text": "\"Mikhail Kolyada\"\nChallenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix\"\" \"\"Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships.\"\" ! colspan=\"\"3\"\" style=\"\"border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;\"\" \|World Record Holders Mikhail Kolyada Mikhail Sergeyevich Kolyada (, pronounced \"\"Koh-lyah-DAH\"\"; born 18 February 1995) is a Russian figure skater. He is the 2018 World bronze medalist, 2017 European and 2018 European bronze medalist, 2017 Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, 2017 Cup of China champion, 2017 Russian national and 2018 Russian national champion. Mikhail Sergeyevich Kolyada was born on 18 February 1995 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. He has three younger siblings. He is enrolled at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2441019", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Figure Skating Championships\"\ndance (119.15 points). Medals for overall placement: Small medals for placement in the short segment: Small medals for placement in the free segment: Table of medals for overall placement: Table of small medals for placement in the short segment: Table of small medals for placement in the free segment: 2017 World Figure Skating Championships The 2017 World Figure Skating Championships were held 29 March – 2 April 2017 in Helsinki, Finland. The host was named in June 2014. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pairs, and ice dancing. The event also determined the number of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3250	the first permanent european settlement on future united states soil was located where?	n/a	[ "Jamestown", "St. Augustine", "Puerto Rico" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4352328", "chunk_text": "Americans\nfirst voyage of Christopher Columbus, the European colonization of the Americas began, with St. Augustine, Florida becoming the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States. From the 16th through the 19th centuries, the population of Native Americans declined in the following ways: epidemic diseases brought from Europe; genocide and warfare at the hands of European explorers and colonists, as well as between tribes; displacement from their lands; internal warfare, enslavement; and intermarriage. As defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders are \"\"persons having origins in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836105", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime history of Colonial America\"\nAmericas. Spanish explorers also reached the present-day United States. The first confirmed landing in the continental US was by a Spaniard, Juan Ponce de León, who landed in 1513 at a lush shore he christened La Florida. The Spanish sent some settlers, creating the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565 and later Santa Fe, New Mexico, San Antonio, Tucson, San Diego, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Most Spanish settlements were along the California coast or the Sante Fe River in New Mexico. The first successful English colony was established in 1607,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7848775", "chunk_text": "\"History of North America\"\nSouth America (with the exception of Brazil), and no other European power challenged those claims by planting colonies until over a century after Spain's first settlements. The first French settlements were Port Royal (1604) and Quebec City (1608) in what is now Nova Scotia and Quebec. The Fur Trade soon became the primary business on the continent and as a result transformed the indigenous North American ways of life. The first permanent English settlements were at Jamestown (1607) (along with its satellite, Bermuda in 1609) and Plymouth (1620), in what are today Virginia and Massachusetts respectively. Further to the south,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17095874", "chunk_text": "\"Jamestown, Virginia\"\nJamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. William Kelso writes that Jamestown \"\"is where the British Empire began\"\". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as \"\"James Fort\"\" on May 4, 1607 O.S.;(May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke, established in 1585 on Roanoke Island. Jamestown served as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20444823", "chunk_text": "\"Hispanic and Latino Americans\"\nPortolà, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Tristán de Luna y Arellano and Juan de Oñate, and non-Spanish explorers working for the Spanish Crown, such as Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. In all, Spaniards probed half of today's lower 48 states before the first English colonization effort in 1585 at Roanoke Island off the East Coast. In 1565, the Spanish created the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States, at St. Augustine, Florida. Santa Fe, New Mexico was founded before Jamestown, Virginia (founded in 1607) and the New England Plymouth Colony (1620, of \"\"Mayflower\"\" and Pilgrims fame).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16312418", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nall treasure found (the \"\"quinto real\"\" collected by the \"\"Casa de Contratación\"\"), in addition to collecting all the taxes they could. By the late 16th century American silver accounted for one-fifth of Spain's total budget. In the 16th century perhaps 240,000 Europeans entered American ports. Inspired by the Spanish riches from colonies founded upon the conquest of the Aztecs, Incas, and other large Native American populations in the 16th century, the first Englishmen to settle permanently in America hoped for some of the same rich discoveries when they established their first permanent settlement in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. They were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20209054", "chunk_text": "\"European Americans\"\nEuropean Americans European Americans (also referred to as Euro-Americans) are Americans of European ancestry. This term includes people who are descended from the first European settlers in America and as well as people who are descended from more recent European arrivals. Euro-Americans are the largest panethnic group in the United States, both historically and at present. The Spaniards are thought to be the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the contiguous United States, with Martín de Argüelles ( 1566) in St. Augustine, then a part of Spanish Florida. Virginia Dare ( August 18, 1587) on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4182824", "chunk_text": "\"Hampton Roads\"\nimpassable directly by modern trains; the two bridge-tunnel facilities operated by VDOT accommodate only highway traffic). The Historic Triangle is located on the Virginia Peninsula and includes the colonial communities of Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. The sites are linked by a scenic roadway, the National Park Service's Colonial Parkway. The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was established by the Virginia Company of London as \"\"James Fort\"\" on May 4, 1607, and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18809370", "chunk_text": "\"Jamestown, Virginia\"\nevents in American history: the first meeting of the Virginia House of Burgesses, the arrival of the first Africans to English North America, and the first Thanksgiving. Attribution: Jamestown, Virginia The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. William Kelso writes that Jamestown \"\"is where the British Empire began\"\". It was established by the Virginia Company of London as \"\"James Fort\"\" on May 4, 1607 O.S.;(May 14, 1607 N.S.), and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7682821", "chunk_text": "\"History of immigration to the United States\"\ncheap air travel has increased immigration from Asia and Latin America. Attitudes towards new immigrants have cycled between favorable and hostile since the 1790s. In 1607 the first successful English colony settled in Jamestown, Virginia. Once tobacco was found to be a profitable cash crop, many plantations were established along the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia and Maryland. Thus began the first and longest era of immigration, lasting until the American Revolution in 1775; during this time settlements grew from initial English toe-holds from the New World to British America. It brought Northern European immigrants, primarily of British, German, and Dutch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3869401", "chunk_text": "\"San Miguel de Guadalupe\"\nSan Miguel de Guadalupe San Miguel de Guadalupe, founded in 1526 by Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, was the first European settlement in what became the continental United States. Two-thirds of the 600 Spanish settlers of San Miguel de Guadalupe died before they reached the end of their three-month winter stay, most of disease. They also suffered a rebellion by their African slaves and the native Guales before abandoning the site in early 1527, with 100 African slaves escaping to take refuge with the neighboring Guale people. This is the first known such rebellion in the future US, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4784354", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Peninsula\"\nfirst European settlement in the interior of North America. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established in 1607 at Jamestown. The first continuously occupied settlement was at Kecoughtan in Elizabeth City County what is now the City of Hampton. Nearby, Fort Monroe, the country's oldest military base still in use is located at Old Point Comfort. Old Point Comfort is also the site of the first landing of Africans in America, in 1619. After declaring independence from Great Britain, Virginia's first state capital was Williamsburg. Also, the decisive battle of the American Revolution, the siege of Yorktown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "722545", "chunk_text": "\"Territories of the United States on stamps\"\nZone. East of the Mississippi River. Founding of the Jamestown Settlement by the Virginia Company was commemorated on the 300th anniversary by 2-cent stamp in late 1907. It was the first permanent British colony in America following the 1587 failure of the Roanoke NC settlement. The founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, commemorated on its 300th anniversary in 1930, was the culmination of a process begun ten years earlier with the signing of the Mayflower Compact: an exercise in representative democracy that stands as the first major political event of American history. The 2-cent \"\"Walloons landing at Fort Orange\"\" New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19297273", "chunk_text": "\"Harbour Grace\"\nthriving seasonal fishing community by 1550, with permanent settlement beginning in 1583 (24 years before the Jamestown, Virginia colony, often incorrectly cited as the first permanent European settlement in North America, and two years before the \"\"lost\"\" colony at Roanoke, North Carolina). The first year-round settler that year was Robert Tossey of Dartmouth, England. The town was named after Havre de Grâce (now Le Havre), France, although it is uncertain whether the name was given by French cartographers, Francis I of France, or early settlers from the British Channel Islands and West Country who were familiar with Le Havre as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19286968", "chunk_text": "\"History of the United States\"\nNew England was initially settled primarily by Puritans. The Pilgrims established a settlement in 1620 at Plymouth Colony, which was followed by the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. The Middle Colonies, consisting of the present-day states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, were characterized by a large degree of diversity. The first attempted English settlement south of Virginia was the Province of Carolina, with Georgia Colony – the last of the Thirteen Colonies – established in 1733. The colonies were characterized by people primarily of the Judeo-Christian faiths, with many Congregationalists in New England, German", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13373854", "chunk_text": "\"Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón\"\napproximately 15 km north, near Pawleys Island. They found the area unsuitable, and Ayllón decided to move further south. Some accounts say that some settlers took an overland voyage, while others left on a new boat built at the temporary settlement. If true, this would probably have been the earliest example of European-style boat building in what is now the United States. Heading southward, likely by both land and sea, the group reunited. On October 8, 1526, they established the short-lived colony of San Miguel de Guadalupe, the first European settlement in the present United States, probably at or near", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1171619", "chunk_text": "\"Thirteen Colonies\"\npurpose of establishing permanent settlements in America. The London Company established the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1607, the first permanently settled English colony on the continent. The Plymouth Company founded the Popham Colony on the Kennebec River, but it was short-lived. The Plymouth Council for New England sponsored several colonization projects, culminating with Plymouth Colony in 1620 which was settled by English Puritan separatists, known today as the Pilgrims. The Dutch, Swedish, and French also established successful American colonies at roughly the same time as the English, but they eventually came under the English crown. The Thirteen Colonies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6671670", "chunk_text": "\"American frontier\"\nAmerican frontier The American frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American expansion that began with English colonial settlements in the early 17th century and ended with the admission of the last mainland territories as states in 1912. \"\"Frontier\"\" refers to a contrasting region at the edge of a European–American line of settlement. American historians cover multiple frontiers but the folklore is focused primarily on the conquest and settlement of Native American lands west of the Mississippi River, in what is now the Midwest, Texas, the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16157289", "chunk_text": "\"Settlement of the Americas\"\nSettlement of the Americas The first settlement of the Americas began when Paleolithic hunter-gatherers first entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge, which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum. These populations expanded south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and rapidly throughout both North and South America, by 14,000 years ago. The earliest populations in the Americas, before roughly 10,000 years ago, are known as Paleo-Indians. The peopling of the Americas is a long-standing open question, and while advances in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10820416", "chunk_text": "Hispanophone\nnation's total population by the year 2050. Historically, a continuous Hispanic presence in the territory of the United States has existed since the 16th century, earlier than any other group after the Amerindians. Spaniards pioneered the present-day United States. The first confirmed European landing on the continent was that of Juan Ponce de León, who landed in 1513 on the shore he christened \"\"La Florida\"\". Within three decades of Ponce de León's landing, the Spanish became the first Europeans to reach the Appalachian Mountains, the Mississippi River, the Grand Canyon, and the Great Plains. Spanish ships sailed along the East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13410265", "chunk_text": "\"Historic Jamestowne\"\nby the American Chemical Society. It is adjacent and complementary with Jamestown Settlement, a living history museum built run by the Commonwealth of Virginia to interpret the early colony. Jamestown, first established in the Virginia Colony at Jamestown, on May 13, 1607, was the site of the first permanent English settlement in North America. Upon arrival, the hundred-some colonists set about constructing a fort to protect themselves from the nearby Virginia Indian tribes and from a potential attack from the Spanish settlements in Florida. Between 1609 and 1610, lack of local food and replenishment of supplies from England, and inability", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1382913", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States\"\nde Oñate. In all, Spaniards probed half of today's lower 48 states before the first English colonization attempt (Roanoke Island, 1585). The Spanish didn't just explore, they settled, creating the first permanent European settlement in the continental United States, at St. Augustine, Florida in 1565. Santa Fe, New Mexico also predates Jamestown, Virginia (of Pocahontas fame, founded in 1607) and Plymouth Colony (of \"\"Mayflower\"\", Pilgrims and Thanksgiving fame). In 1566 Pedro Menendez established Fort San Felipe on Santa Elena- which is present day Parris Island near Beaufort South Carolina. The fort was part of the Spanish King’s ongoing effort to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "833526", "chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of North America prior to 1763\"\nTreaty of Westminster concluded the war and ceded New Netherland to the English. The first settlement in Baja California, named San Bruno, was founded but it lasted only about two years before being abandoned. In 1697, the first \"\"permanent\"\" mission in Baja California was established at Loreto, about 20 miles away from San Bruno, also on the east coast of the peninsula. The Treaty of Utrecht was actually a group of documents. The treaties were among several European states, including France, Spain, Great Britain, Savoy, and the Dutch Republic, and they helped end the War of the Spanish Succession. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3530762", "chunk_text": "\"British America\"\nKing Charles I, Parliament, and King Charles II. The first permanent settlement was founded in 1607 on the James River at Jamestown, Virginia upstream from Chesapeake Bay by the London Company. This was followed in 1620 when the Pilgrims established the Plymouth settlement in New England. English Catholics settled the Province of Maryland in 1634, with Cecilus Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. In London beginning in 1660, all colonies were governed through a state department known as the Southern Department, and a committee of the Privy Council called the Board of Trade and Plantations. In 1768, a specific state department was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16552028", "chunk_text": "\"Presidio of San Diego\"\nPresidio of San Diego El Presidio Reál de San Diego (Royal Presidio of San Diego) is a historic fort in San Diego, California. It was established on May 14, 1769, by Gaspar de Portolá, leader of the first European land exploration of Alta California - at that time an unexplored northwestern frontier area of New Spain. The presidio was the first permanent European settlement on the Pacific Coast of the present-day United States. As the first of the presidios and Spanish missions in California, it was the base of operations for the Spanish colonization of California. The associated Mission San", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16893703", "chunk_text": "Americans\nany of the original peoples of Europe. This includes people via African, North American, Caribbean, Central American or South American and Oceanian nations that have a large European descended population. The Spanish were some of the first Europeans to establish a continuous presence in what is now the United States in 1565. Martín de Argüelles born 1566, San Agustín, La Florida then a part of New Spain, was the first person of European descent born in what is now the United States. Twenty-one years later, Virginia Dare born 1587 Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina, was the first child born", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523483", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nEuropean colonization of the Americas The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by most of the naval powers of Western Europe. Systematic European colonization began in 1492, when a Spanish expedition headed by the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west to find a new trade route to the Far East but inadvertently landed in what came to be known to Europeans as the \"\"New World\"\". He ran aground on the northern part of Hispaniola on 5 December 1492, which the Taino people had inhabited since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7116492", "chunk_text": "\"Delaware Colony\"\nthe shoreline of what would become Delaware for inclusion in the New Netherland colony. Initial Dutch settlement was centered up river at Fort Nassau at Big Timber Creek south of what is now Gloucester City, New Jersey. Neither the Dutch nor the English showed any early interest in establishing any kind of settlement on this land. The first true attempt to settle Europeans in the territories that would become the State of Delaware was not made until 1629 when agents of the Dutch West India Company Gillis Hossitt and Jacob Jansz arrived to negotiate with the Native Americans to \"\"purchase\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18677798", "chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\ncapital of Fort Christina, at the location of what is today the city of Wilmington, Delaware. The colony also had settlements near the present-day location of Salem, New Jersey (Fort Nya Elfsborg) and on Tinicum Island, Pennsylvania. The colony was captured by the Dutch in 1655 and merged into New Netherland, with most of the colonists remaining. Years later, the entire New Netherland colony was incorporated into England's colonial holdings. The colony of New Sweden introduced Lutheranism to America in the form of some of the continent's oldest European churches. The colonists also introduced the log cabin to America, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8864570", "chunk_text": "\"Plymouth Bay\"\nPlymouth Bay Plymouth Bay is a small, well-protected bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the western shore of larger Cape Cod Bay along the coastline of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Plymouth Bay retains historical significance for the landing at Plymouth Rock in 1620 by the Pilgrims aboard the \"\"Mayflower\"\" who proceeded to establish the first permanent Northern European settlement in North America at Plymouth Colony. Plymouth Bay is an offshoot of the larger Cape Cod Bay and is sometimes considered part of Massachusetts Bay, which is defined by Cape Ann to the north and Cape Cod to the south. Plymouth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2062982", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\n1492, other explorers followed. The first Europeans to arrive in the territory of the modern United States were Spanish conquistadors such as Juan Ponce de León, who made his first visit to Florida in 1513; however, if unincorporated territories are accounted for, then credit would go to Christopher Columbus who landed in Puerto Rico on his 1493 voyage. The Spanish set up the first settlements in Florida and New Mexico such as Saint Augustine and Santa Fe. The French established their own as well along the Mississippi River. Successful English settlement on the eastern coast of North America began with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523490", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nlasted until the mid 15th century, with court and parliament assemblies (\"\"þing\"\") taking place at Brattahlíð and a bishop located at Garðar. The remains of a Norse settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada, were discovered in 1960 and were dated to around the year 1000 (carbon dating estimate 990–1050 CE). L'Anse aux Meadows is the only site widely accepted as evidence of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact. It was named a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1978. It is also notable for its possible connection with the attempted colony of Vinland, established by Leif Erikson around the same period", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6426377", "chunk_text": "\"St. Johns River\"\nwas the location of the first permanent European settlement in what would become the United States, it was the last U.S. territory on the east coast to be developed; it remained an undeveloped frontier into the 20th century. When attention was turned to the state, however, much of the land was rapidly overdeveloped in a national zeal for progress. The St. Johns, like many Florida rivers, was altered to make way for agricultural and residential centers. It suffered severe pollution and human interference that has diminished the natural order of life in and around the river. In all, 3.5 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4836104", "chunk_text": "\"Maritime history of Colonial America\"\nMaritime history of Colonial America The history of ships in North America and the maritime history of Colonial America has a strong foundation. The beginnings go back to at least as far as the first European contact with the Americas, when Leif Erikson established a short-lived settlement called Vinland in present-day Newfoundland. The existence of an actual shipping industry gradually came into being. Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1493. In the 15th century, Europeans brought horses, cattle and hogs to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4784353", "chunk_text": "\"Virginia Peninsula\"\nland now known as Virginia, as \"\"Ajacán\"\". The Spanish succeeded in founding a colonial settlement in the New World in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida. It was the first founded by Europeans in what is now the United States. They established small Spanish outposts along the eastern coast into present-day Georgia and the Carolinas. The northern-most post was \"\"Santa Elena\"\" (today Port Royal, South Carolina). From there Juan Pardo was commissioned to lead expeditions into the interior, founding Fort San Juan in 1567-1568 at the regional Mississippian culture chiefdom of Joara. Located in present-day western North Carolina, this was the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20929314", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish Americans\"\nin North America after Old Norse, the language of the Viking settlers. It was brought to the territory of what is the contemporary United States of America in 1513 by Juan Ponce de León. In 1565, the Spaniards founded St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest, continuously occupied European settlement in the modern U.S. territory. Like other descendants of European immigrants, Spaniards have adopted English as their primary language, as opposed to immigrants from Latin America and recent immigrants from Spain, who continue to use Spanish as their primary language. \"\"Main articles: Spanish missions in Arizona, California, Carolinas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "491940", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nthe 7th century; the site became the first permanent European settlement in the Americas. Western European conquest, large-scale exploration and colonization soon followed. Columbus's first two voyages (1492–93) reached the Bahamas and various Caribbean islands, including Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. In 1497, Italian explorer John Cabot, on behalf of England, landed on the North American coast, and a year later, Columbus's third voyage reached the South American coast. As the sponsor of Christopher Columbus's voyages, Spain was the first European power to settle and colonize the largest areas, from North America and the Caribbean to the southern tip of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "377507", "chunk_text": "\"Historic Triangle\"\ntoll-free. The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established at Jamestown on May 13, 1607. There are two major heritage sites at Jamestown: Jamestown Settlement, a living history museum which includes a reconstructed Native American village, colonial fort, and replica ships, operated by the Commonwealth of Virginia; and Historic Jamestowne, the National Park Service site which includes Jamestown Island and the ongoing archaeological projects. In 1699, the capital of Virginia was moved from Jamestown to a location on high ground at Middle Plantation at the suggestion of students from the College of William and Mary, which had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16603011", "chunk_text": "\"Jamestown Settlement\"\nJamestown Settlement Jamestown Settlement is a living history museum operated by the Commonwealth of Virginia, created in 1957 as Jamestown Festival Park for the 350th anniversary celebration. Today it includes a recreation of the original James Fort (c. 1607 to 1614), a Powhatan Indian Village, indoor and outdoor displays, and replicas of the original settlers' ships the \"\"Susan Constant\"\", \"\"Godspeed\"\", and \"\"Discovery\"\". It is located adjacent to the Colonial National Historical Park site, which includes Jamestown, the first successful English settlement on the mainland of North America, founded on May 14, 1607. It is also adjacent and complementary to Historic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18677754", "chunk_text": "\"Colonial history of the United States\"\nColonial history of the United States The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European colonization of the Americas from the start of colonization in the early 16th century until their incorporation into the United States of America. In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America. Small early attempts sometimes disappeared, such as the English Lost Colony of Roanoke. Everywhere, the death rate was very high among the first arrivals. Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades. European settlers came from a variety of social", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16312406", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nthe Americas in the 16th century, but these failed. England and France succeeded in establishing permanent colonies in the following century, along with the Dutch Republic. Some of these were on Caribbean islands, which had often already been conquered by the Spanish or depopulated by disease, while others were in eastern North America, which had not been colonized by Spain north of Florida. Early European possessions in North America included Spanish Florida, Spanish New Mexico, the English colonies of Virginia (with its North Atlantic offshoot, Bermuda) and New England, the French colonies of Acadia and Canada, the Swedish colony of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17010871", "chunk_text": "\"Appalachian Plateau\"\nmade life more sustainable for the Native Americans. They continued to invent new weapons and made advancements in agriculture until the Europeans arrived in North America. Europeans settled in North America beginning in the seventeenth century. In 1749, Jacob Martin and Steven Sewell were the first Europeans known to settle the Appalachian Plateau, specifically in what is now Pocahontas County in West Virginia. European colonization and competition with the Native Americans resulted in high mortality due to new diseases, as well as more deaths and social disruption due to warfare. After pushing out the Native Americans, the European American settlers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13198563", "chunk_text": "\"Reorus Torkillus\"\nReorus Torkillus Reorus Torkillus (1608–1643) was priest of the Church of Sweden and the first Lutheran clergyman to settle in what would become the United States. Torkillus was born at Mölndal, near Gothenburg, Sweden in 1608. He studied for the ministry at Lidköping and Skara in Sweden. After completing his education, he served as a chaplain and lecturer at the high school in Gothenburg. Torkillus sailed with the second expedition of Swedish settlers to New Sweden, aboard the \"\"Kalmar Nyckel\"\". He arrived at Fort Christina near present-day Wilmington, Delaware on April 17, 1640. Initially, Torkillus officiated at church services held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7080279", "chunk_text": "\"History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States\"\nDon Tristán de Luna y Arellano as the first European settlement in the continental United States, but it had become abandoned by 1561 and would not be reinhabited until the 1690s. French Huguenots founded Fort Caroline in modern-day Jacksonville in 1564, but this fort was conquered by forces from the new Spanish colony of St. Augustine the following year. After Huguenot leader Jean Ribault had learned of the new Spanish threat, he launched an expedition to sack the Spanish settlement; en route, however, severe storms at sea waylaid the expedition, which consisted of most of the colony's men, allowing St.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "491978", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\nthe new Pennsylvania colony was given to William Penn in settlement of a debt the king owed his father. Its government was set up by William Penn in about 1682 to become primarily a refuge for persecuted English Quakers; but others were welcomed. Baptists, German and Swiss Protestants and Anabaptists also flocked to Pennsylvania. The lure of cheap land, religious freedom and the right to improve themselves with their own hand was very attractive. Slavery was a common practice in the Americas prior to the arrival of Europeans, as different American Indian groups captured and held other tribes' members as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "833519", "chunk_text": "\"Territorial evolution of North America prior to 1763\"\nFrench settled at a site in the Baie Francis (present day Bay of Fundy), at the mouth of the Saint Croix River which separates present day New Brunswick and Maine, on a small island named Saint Croix. Jamestown was the first successful English settlement on the mainland of North America. Named for King James I of England, Jamestown was founded in the Virginia Colony on May 14, 1607 Arriving in August 1607, these British Plymouth Company colonists established their settlement, known as the Popham Colony, in the present-day town of Phippsburg, Maine near the mouth of the Kennebec River. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "493013", "chunk_text": "\"Dutch colonization of the Americas\"\norder to gain access to Long Island Sound. Block Island and Block Island Sound are befittingly named in his honor. Upon his return to Amsterdam in 1614, Block compiled a map, and applied the name 'New Netherland' for the first time to the area between English Virginia and French Canada, where he was later granted exclusive trading rights by the Dutch government. Block quickly ascended and became Manhattan's first monopolist. After some early trading expeditions, the first Dutch settlement in the Americas was founded in 1615: Fort Nassau, on Castle Island along the Hudson, near present-day Albany. The settlement served", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4315533", "chunk_text": "\"United States\"\nLaurentide ice sheets. The Clovis culture appeared around 11,000 BC, and it is considered to be an ancestor of most of the later indigenous cultures of the Americas. While the Clovis culture was thought, throughout the late 20th century, to represent the first human settlement of the Americas, in recent years consensus has changed in recognition of pre-Clovis cultures. Over time, indigenous cultures in North America grew increasingly complex, and some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture in the southeast, developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. From approximately 800 to 1600 AD the Mississippian culture flourished, and its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5769915", "chunk_text": "\"New Netherland\"\nNew Netherland New Netherland (; or ) was a 17th-century colony of the Dutch Republic that was located on the east coast of America. The claimed territories extended from the Delmarva Peninsula to southwestern Cape Cod, while the more limited settled areas are now part of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Connecticut, with small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. The colony was conceived by the Dutch West India Company (WIC) in 1621 to capitalize on the North American fur trade. It was settled slowly at first because of policy mismanagement by the WIC and conflicts with American Indians.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1550001", "chunk_text": "\"New Netherland settlements\"\nNew Netherland settlements New Netherland (\"\"Nieuw-Nederland\"\" in Dutch) was the 17th century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands on the northeastern coast of North America. The claimed territory was the land from the Delmarva Peninsula to southern Cape Cod. The settled areas are now part of the Mid-Atlantic states of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware, with small outposts in Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Its capital of New Amsterdam was located at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan on the Upper New York Bay. The region was initially explored in 1609 by Henry Hudson on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3251	who played violet in a series of unfortunate events netflix?	n/a	[ "Malina Weissman" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15055964", "chunk_text": "\"Malina Weissman\"\nKevin Spacey and Jennifer Garner, which was released in August, 2016. Since 2017, Weissman has starred as Violet Baudelaire in the Netflix series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". Malina Weissman Malina Opal Weissman (born March 12, 2003) is an American actress and model, best known for her roles as Violet Baudelaire in the Netflix series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\", young April O'Neil in \"\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\" and young Kara Zor-El in \"\"Supergirl\"\". Weissman is a New York City-based model and actress. She started her career as a model at the age of eight, following in the footsteps of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15055962", "chunk_text": "\"Malina Weissman\"\nMalina Weissman Malina Opal Weissman (born March 12, 2003) is an American actress and model, best known for her roles as Violet Baudelaire in the Netflix series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\", young April O'Neil in \"\"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"\" and young Kara Zor-El in \"\"Supergirl\"\". Weissman is a New York City-based model and actress. She started her career as a model at the age of eight, following in the footsteps of her mother whose agency signed her. She has appeared in major designers and brands like Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren, Levi's, Benetton, DKNY, H&M, among many others. As an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2306106", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Browning\"\nEmily Browning Emily Jane Browning (born 7 December 1988) is an Australian actress and singer. Browning made her film debut in the Australian television film \"\"The Echo of Thunder\"\"; subsequently, she played roles in the Australian television shows \"\"High Flyers\"\", \"\"Blue Heelers\"\" and \"\"Something in the Air\"\". Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 horror film \"\"Ghost Ship\"\", which introduced her to a wider audience. In 2005, Browning won the Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Violet Baudelaire in the film \"\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" (2004). Browning is also known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528352", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nthe project and they have not yet named a replacement showrunner. However, it was announced that Sonnenfeld and Handler were both still on board, and that Neil Patrick Harris had been cast as Count Olaf and Malina Weissman and Louis Hynes are cast as Violet and Klaus. In March 2016, K. Todd Freeman and Patrick Warburton were cast as Mr. Poe and Lemony Snicket respectively. The first season, consisting of eight episodes that cover the first four books, was released worldwide on Netflix on January 13, 2017. \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" was renewed for a second season, which was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449102", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nA Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events, is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix, developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld, based on Lemony Snicket’s children's novel series of the same name. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch, Avi Lake, and Dylan Kingwell joining the cast in the second season. The first season, which premiered on January 13, 2017, consists of eight episodes and adapts the first four books", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528351", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nof the 13th book, The End. Author Daniel Handler will serve as a writer and executive producer. On September 4, 2015, it was announced that filmmaker Barry Sonnenfeld and \"\"True Blood\"\" showrunner Mark Hudis had agreed to helm the series. Hudis would serve as showrunner, Sonnenfeld as director, and both as executive producers. Daniel Handler is penning the scripts. On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire, with the casting call confirming that the series would begin production in March 2016. In January 2016, Netflix announced that Hudis had left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449110", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nage and change, we're trying to film everything as quickly as possible.\"\" In March 2017, Netflix revealed the series had been renewed for a second season by releasing a video on their social media pointing to a viral marketing website, where a letter written by Snicket revealed the decision. A month later, the series was \"\"quietly\"\" renewed for a third season, which Harris confirmed would be the final one for the series. On December 3, 2015, an open casting call was announced for the roles of Violet and Klaus Baudelaire. In January 2016, Netflix announced that Neil Patrick Harris had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10510890", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nand deepening the novel series' mythology. Dornbush also praised the performance of guest stars such as Lucy Punch and Patrick Warburton and awarded the second season 7.2 stars. A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series) Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, or simply A Series of Unfortunate Events, is an American black comedy-drama web television series from Netflix, developed by Mark Hudis and Barry Sonnenfeld, based on Lemony Snicket’s children's novel series of the same name. It stars Neil Patrick Harris, Patrick Warburton, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes, K. Todd Freeman, and Presley Smith with Lucy Punch, Avi Lake, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449111", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nbeen cast as Count Olaf and Malina Weissman and Louis Hynes were cast as Violet and Klaus. Handler had first considered Harris for the role of Olaf after seeing him perform the opening number \"\"It's Not Just for Gays Anymore\"\", at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011, noting \"\"I just immediately saw someone who could pull off a million things at once\"\" as was necessary for the character of Olaf, who utilizes various disguises and accents in his quest to steal the Baudelaire fortune. In March 2016, K. Todd Freeman was cast as Mr. Poe, followed shortly after by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11975478", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nopen to Carrey's idea of improvisation for various scenes, especially the Stephano and Captain Sham alter egos. To make his prosthetic makeup more comfortable and easier to apply, Carrey shaved his head bald for the part. The actor's inspiration for Olaf's voice was combining the voices of Orson Welles and Bela Lugosi. Emily Browning was cast as Violet Baudelaire when she auditioned at a casting call in Australia. She was sent Handler's original script when Barry Sonnenfeld was planning to direct, and she screen tested for the part using an English accent. Browning became a fan of the books after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10968993", "chunk_text": "\"Lucy Punch\"\nLucy Punch Lucy Punch (born 30 December 1977) is an English actress. She has appeared in films such as \"\"Ella Enchanted\"\", \"\"Hot Fuzz\"\", \"\"Bad Teacher\"\", \"\"You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger\"\", \"\"Dinner for Schmucks\"\", and \"\"Into the Woods\"\". She is also known for her role as Esmé Squalor in \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". Punch was born in Hammersmith, the daughter of Johanna and Michael Punch, who ran a market research company. She was educated privately at Godolphin and Latymer School in Hammersmith, London. She performed with the National Youth Theatre from 1993 to 1997, and began a course", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2224472", "chunk_text": "\"Lucy Punch\"\nin July 2015. Lucy Punch Lucy Punch (born 30 December 1977) is an English actress. She has appeared in films such as \"\"Ella Enchanted\"\", \"\"Hot Fuzz\"\", \"\"Bad Teacher\"\", \"\"You Will Meet a Tall Dark Stranger\"\", \"\"Dinner for Schmucks\"\", and \"\"Into the Woods\"\". She is also known for her role as Esmé Squalor in \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". Punch was born in Hammersmith, the daughter of Johanna and Michael Punch, who ran a market research company. She was educated privately at Godolphin and Latymer School in Hammersmith, London. She performed with the National Youth Theatre from 1993 to 1997, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17528354", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nthe first three titles in the series, mixing the various events and characters into one story. It was released on December 17, 2004. Directed by Brad Silberling, it stars Jim Carrey as Count Olaf, Meryl Streep as Aunt Josephine, Billy Connolly as Uncle Monty, Emily Browning as Violet, Liam Aiken as Klaus, Timothy Spall as Mr. Poe, and Jude Law as the voice of Lemony Snicket. The film was successful, however it was also criticized because the tone was comical, when the books were solemn and serious with occasional wry humor. Considering the success of the movie, the director and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5557733", "chunk_text": "\"Sara Rue\"\nABC's \"\"American Housewife\"\". In 2017, Rue was cast in the recurring role of Olivia Caliban on the second season of the Netflix comedy drama series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". Rue married director/writer/producer Mischa Livingstone in 2001, and they divorced in 2007. Rue married teacher Kevin Price on May 21, 2011, in a traditional Jewish wedding. She gave birth to their first child, daughter Talulah Rue Price, on February 9, 2013. She and Price adopted a second daughter, Adelaide Rue Price, in November 2016. Sara Rue Sara Rue (born January 26, 1979) is an American actress. She is known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449112", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\ncasting of Patrick Warburton as Lemony Snicket, and Aasif Mandvi as Uncle Monty. In September 2016, it was revealed that Dylan Kingwell and Avi Lake were cast as the Quagmire siblings, Duncan and Isadora, respectively. In November 2016, Handler revealed Catherine O'Hara, Don Johnson, and Alfre Woodard had been cast as Dr. Georgina Orwell, Sir, and Aunt Josephine, respectively; O'Hara had previously portrayed Justice Strauss in the 2004 film adaptation of \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". It was also revealed that Presley Smith would play Sunny Baudelaire, whose quasi-nonsensical lines are voiced by Tara Strong, and Rhys Darby would play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17829092", "chunk_text": "\"Denise Nickerson\"\nwas discharged to a rehabilitation center in July. In August, Nickerson returned home to recover under her family's care. Denise Nickerson Denise Nickerson (born April 1, 1957) is an American former child actress, best known for her roles as the gum-chewing Violet Beauregarde in the 1971 movie \"\"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\"\", Allison on \"\"The Electric Company\"\" and Amy Jennings and Nora Collins in the soap opera \"\"Dark Shadows\"\". Born in New York City, Nickerson made appearances in the late 1960s on such shows as \"\"The Doctors\"\", and opposite Bill Bixby in an unsold television pilot called \"\"Rome Sweet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17829087", "chunk_text": "\"Denise Nickerson\"\nDenise Nickerson Denise Nickerson (born April 1, 1957) is an American former child actress, best known for her roles as the gum-chewing Violet Beauregarde in the 1971 movie \"\"Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory\"\", Allison on \"\"The Electric Company\"\" and Amy Jennings and Nora Collins in the soap opera \"\"Dark Shadows\"\". Born in New York City, Nickerson made appearances in the late 1960s on such shows as \"\"The Doctors\"\", and opposite Bill Bixby in an unsold television pilot called \"\"Rome Sweet Rome\"\". Nickerson's big break came in 1968 when she joined the cast of ABC-TV's \"\"Dark Shadows\"\", appearing as recurring", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10510880", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nwebsite for the fictional Valorous Farms Dairy, which featured four holiday e-cards for download. As part of the marketing for the third season, Netflix released a YouTube trailer of Count Olaf and Lemony Snicket on November 13, 2018 giving alternative accounts of the events of the previous seasons, with the former describing them as a series of \"\"learning experiences\"\" and the latter as a \"\"series of unfortunate events.\"\" On December 10, Netflix released a second YouTube trailer, featuring Allison Williams as Kit Snicket and introducing Richard E. Grant as the villainous \"\"Man with a Beard but No Hair\"\" and Beth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6153294", "chunk_text": "\"Liza Koshy\"\nLiza Koshy Elizabeth Shaila Koshy (born March 31, 1996) is an American actress, YouTube personality, comedian and television host. She began her career on Vine in 2013, before starting a YouTube channel. Among her acting roles have been Aday Walker in Tyler Perry's horror comedy film \"\"Boo! A Madea Halloween\"\" (2016) and The Explorer in the YouTube Premium series \"\"Escape the Night\"\" (2017). She starred as Violet Adams in the Hulu drama television series \"\"Freakish\"\" (2016–2017), and she both produces and stars as the title character in the YouTube Premium comedy series \"\"Liza on Demand\"\", which was released in June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9379834", "chunk_text": "\"Nicole Beharie\"\nNicole Beharie Nicole Beharie (born January 3, 1985) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles in the drama film \"\"American Violet\"\" (2008), the drama \"\"Shame\"\" (2011), and the biographical sports drama \"\"42\"\" (2013). From 2013 to 2016, she starred in the Fox fantasy series \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\". Beharie was born in West Palm Beach, Florida. When Beharie was a child, her father was in the Foreign Service, so she grew up in the United Kingdom, Jamaica, Nigeria and Panama. She attended Orangeburg Wilkinson High School in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and is a 2003 graduate of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12421743", "chunk_text": "\"Cleo King\"\nNetflix's adaptation of \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\", which premiered in 2017. Cleo King Cleo King (born Harriet Cleo King; August 21, 1962) is an American character actress, best known for her roles on television. King was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and was the youngest of seven children in her family. She graduated from University of Missouri and later moved to New York to pursue an acting career, appearing on stage productions. In mid-1990s, King moved to Los Angeles, California, when she began appearing on television shows such as \"\"The Wayans Bros.\"\", \"\"Living Single\"\", \"\"Malcolm & Eddie\"\", \"\"Murphy Brown\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10510888", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nHe described the show as a \"\"gothic treat [that] also offers a wicked line in absurdist humour, and the most gorgeously toybox-like set designs you’ll find anywhere outside a Wes Anderson film.\"\" \"\"Radio Times\"\" reviewer Huw Fullerton praised the series for its faithfulness to the original novels. While praising the improved CGI used to make Presley Smith's character Sunny Baudelaire react better to situations, he criticized the addition of supporting \"\"good\"\" characters such as Nathan Fillion's Jacques Snicket and Sara Canning's Jacquelyn for \"\"undercutting the bleakness and loneliness that characterized the novels.\"\" Rohan Naahar of the \"\"Hindustan Times\"\" described \"\"A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3265623", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nlead actors having grown too old to continue their roles. \"\"In an odd way, the best thing you could do is actually have Lemony Snicket say to the audience, 'Okay, we pawned the first film off as a mere dramatization with actors. Now, I'm afraid I'm going to have to show you the real thing.'\"\" In November 2014, Netflix announced its plans of creating a television series to adapt the entire novel series. The series stars Neil Patrick Harris, Malina Weissman, Louis Hynes and Presley Smith, with Patrick Warburton as narrator. The series, also titled \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9379838", "chunk_text": "\"Nicole Beharie\"\nFassbender, her \"\"Shame\"\" costar, in 2012. Nicole Beharie Nicole Beharie (born January 3, 1985) is an American actress and singer. She is known for her roles in the drama film \"\"American Violet\"\" (2008), the drama \"\"Shame\"\" (2011), and the biographical sports drama \"\"42\"\" (2013). From 2013 to 2016, she starred in the Fox fantasy series \"\"Sleepy Hollow\"\". Beharie was born in West Palm Beach, Florida. When Beharie was a child, her father was in the Foreign Service, so she grew up in the United Kingdom, Jamaica, Nigeria and Panama. She attended Orangeburg Wilkinson High School in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "994095", "chunk_text": "\"AnnaSophia Robb\"\nAnnaSophia Robb AnnaSophia Robb (born December 8, 1993) is an American actress, singer, and model. She began as a child actress on television, making her leading debut as the titular role in \"\"\"\" (2004). She made her feature film debut in \"\"Because of Winn-Dixie\"\" (2005), followed by the supporting role of Violet Beauregard in Tim Burton's \"\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\"\" (2005). Her performance as Leslie Burke in \"\"Bridge to Terabithia\"\" (2007) garnered her recognition and praise, and two Young Artist Awards. Her subsequent film roles include \"\"Race to Witch Mountain\"\" (2009), \"\"Soul Surfer\"\" (2011), and \"\"The Way, Way Back\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449107", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nthe casting of Jim Carrey as Olaf, there was a \"\"big crisis\"\", according to Handler, which caused producer Scott Rudin to walk away and Sonnenfeld left the production under unclear terms. With the film's completion in flux, its producing studios Paramount Pictures and DreamWorks fired Handler. While the film was eventually completed and released, sequels which would adapt the other novels in the series became unlikely due to \"\"corporate shakeups\"\" within DreamWorks, according to Handler, and the child actors that portrayed the Baudelaire children grew too old to star in a sequel. In November 2014, Netflix, in association with Paramount", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449119", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nwhom Netflix contracted to make a title sequence for the series after the video's popularity, though they did not go ahead with the concept. In October 2016, Netflix released the first teaser trailer for \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\", where Warburton narrates the events of the series as Lemony Snicket. A trailer, featuring footage from the series and Neil Patrick Harris's character, Count Olaf, was released by Netflix in November 2016, followed shortly by the first full trailer. The second trailer was released in December 2016, followed by a \"\"holiday-themed\"\" trailer from Count Olaf leading fans to a viral marketing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14581158", "chunk_text": "\"Louis Hynes\"\nLouis Hynes Louis Oliver Hynes (born 9 October 2001) is an English actor. He is best known for his leading role as Klaus Baudelaire in the Netflix series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" series in 2017. Louis Hynes was born and raised in Oxford, England, the middle of three children. Hynes plays bass guitar when he is not acting. He loves live music and goes to gigs as often as possible. He lives with his parents, Andrew and Lisa Hynes, his elder brother Milo, and younger sister Lara just outside Oxford. Hynes began his career in an acclaimed performance as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "199970", "chunk_text": "\"Sara Canning\"\nSara Canning Sara Canning (born July 14, 1987) is a Canadian actress. She co-starred on The CW television series \"\"The Vampire Diaries\"\" as Jenna Sommers, and appeared in the 2009 feature film, \"\"Black Field\"\". She starred as Dylan Weir in the Canadian television series, \"\"\"\", and as Dr. Melissa Conner on the Global medical drama \"\"Remedy\"\". Canning appeared in the 2017 blockbuster film \"\"War for the Planet of the Apes\"\". She is also known for her role as Jacquelyn in the Netflix TV series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". Canning was born in Gander, Newfoundland, Canada, the daughter of Wayne", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1745340", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nLemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (also simply known as A Series of Unfortunate Events) is a 2004 American gothic dark comedy film directed by Brad Silberling. It is a film adaptation of \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" by Lemony Snicket, covering the first three novels \"\"The Bad Beginning\"\", \"\"The Reptile Room\"\", and \"\"The Wide Window\"\". The film stars Jim Carrey, Liam Aiken, Emily Browning, Timothy Spall, Catherine O'Hara, Billy Connolly, Cedric the Entertainer, Luis Guzmán, Jennifer Coolidge and Meryl Streep, as well as Jude Law as Lemony Snicket (the pen name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "555148", "chunk_text": "\"Adrianna Bertola\"\nAdrianna Bertola Adrianna Jean Bertola (born 9 February 1999) is an English actress and singer who rose to attention playing Gretl von Trapp in \"\"The Sound of Music\"\" and Sharice Brooks in \"\"Casualty\"\". She also played Violet Beauregarde in \"\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the Musical\"\" from May to November 2013. On 22 September 2014, Bertola released her first single, titled \"\"Fire and Ice\"\", through the Spirit Young Performers Company. Adrianna Jean Bertola was born on 9 February 1999 in Southend-on-Sea, Essex. She is of Italian descent. Bertola's first appearance was in \"\"The Sound of Music\"\" where Bertola played the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20024560", "chunk_text": "\"Mackenzie Foy\"\nEllen Burstyn, who had played her grandmother the previous year in \"\"Wish You Well\"\". She provided the voice of Celestine in the English dub of \"\"Ernest & Celestine\"\" (2012), Violet in \"\"The Boxcar Children\"\" (2014) and The Little Girl in \"\"The Little Prince\"\" (2015). In July, it was announced that Foy would play Clara in 2018 in the film \"\"The Nutcracker and the Four Realms\"\". Mackenzie Foy Mackenzie Christine Foy (born November 10, 2000) is an American actress. She is known for appearing as Renesmee Cullen in the 2012 film \"\"\"\", which earned her a Young Artist Award nomination as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12846390", "chunk_text": "\"Laverne Cox\"\nto be on the cover of \"\"Time\"\" magazine, be nominated for a Primetime Emmy, and have a wax work in Madame Tussauds, as well as the first openly transgender woman to win a Daytime Emmy as an Executive Producer. In May 2016, Cox was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from The New School in New York City for her progressive work in the fight for gender equality. Laverne Cox Laverne Cox is an American actress and LGBT advocate. She rose to prominence with her role as Sophia Burset on the Netflix series \"\"Orange Is the New Black\"\", becoming the first openly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15793732", "chunk_text": "\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\nand creator) cameos as a photographer. The film featured uncredited appearances by Jane Lynch as a realtor, Helena Bonham Carter as Beatrice Baudelaire, Gilbert Gottfried as the voice of a duck, and Dustin Hoffman as a critic. Author Daniel Handler initially viewed Count Olaf as being a James Mason-type. Carrey was not familiar with the book series when he was cast, but he became a fan of the series. \"\"Handler's books are just a bold and original way to tell a children's story,\"\" the actor explained. Carrey was also attracted to the role despite self-parody concerns. Director Brad Silberling was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449117", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nfor the destruction of Josephine's house, landscape shots of Lake Lachrymose and some of the more movement heavy Sunny Baudelaire shots. All eight episodes of the first season of \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\" were released worldwide on Netflix on January 13, 2017, in Ultra HD 4K. The second season was released on March 30, 2018. The third season is slated to be released on January 1, 2019. On July 5, 2015 a video titled \"\"An Unfortunate Teaser\"\" was uploaded to YouTube by a user named \"\"Eleanora Poe\"\". Netflix quickly released a statement saying \"\"This was not released from Netflix.\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11449103", "chunk_text": "\"A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)\"\nof the series. The second season was ordered in March 2017 and released on March 30, 2018, consisting of ten episodes and adapting books five through nine. A third season, which was announced in April 2017 and is slated to be released on January 1, 2019, will consist of seven episodes and adapt the remaining four books. When a mysterious fire kills their parents, the Baudelaire children are informed of this terrible news by their executor Arthur Poe and are placed into the care of their distant relative Count Olaf, an actor who is determined to claim the family fortune", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20598881", "chunk_text": "\"Sarah Vowell\"\nSarah Vowell Sarah Jane Vowell (born December 27, 1969) is an American historian, author, journalist, essayist, social commentator and actress. Often referred to as a \"\"social observer,\"\" Vowell has written seven nonfiction books on American history and culture. She was a contributing editor for the radio program \"\"This American Life\"\" on Public Radio International from 1996 to 2008, where she produced numerous commentaries and documentaries and toured the country in many of the program's live shows. She was also the voice of Violet Parr in the animated film \"\"The Incredibles\"\" and its 2018 sequel. Vowell was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "555151", "chunk_text": "\"Adrianna Bertola\"\nDrury Lane until her contract ran out on 12 November 2013. Adrianna Bertola Adrianna Jean Bertola (born 9 February 1999) is an English actress and singer who rose to attention playing Gretl von Trapp in \"\"The Sound of Music\"\" and Sharice Brooks in \"\"Casualty\"\". She also played Violet Beauregarde in \"\"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the Musical\"\" from May to November 2013. On 22 September 2014, Bertola released her first single, titled \"\"Fire and Ice\"\", through the Spirit Young Performers Company. Adrianna Jean Bertola was born on 9 February 1999 in Southend-on-Sea, Essex. She is of Italian descent. Bertola's first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4183478", "chunk_text": "\"Frances de la Tour\"\nin the film \"\"The Book of Eli\"\", directed by the Hughes brothers. In 2012, she appeared in the film \"\"Hugo\"\". Until 2012, she was also a patron for the performing arts group Theatretrain. From 2013 to 2016, de la Tour played the role of Violet Crosby in ITV sitcom \"\"Vicious\"\" with Ian McKellen and Derek Jacobi. From 2013 to 2014, she portrayed headmistress Ms Baron in the BBC One sitcom \"\"Big School\"\". In April 2016, she joined the second series of \"\"Outlander\"\" as Mother Hildegarde. Politically, de la Tour is a socialist and was a member of the Workers' Revolutionary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16137110", "chunk_text": "\"Jenny Platt\"\nJenny Platt Jennifer \"\"Jenny\"\" Platt (born 24 September 1979) is an English actress best known for her role as Violet Wilson in the long-running television soap \"\"Coronation Street\"\" and her role as Jeanne in \"\"Versailles\"\". Platt was born in Ipswich, Suffolk. She trained at East 15 Acting School, and has appeared in many theatre roles. Her first appearance in \"\"Coronation Street\"\" was on 8 October 2004. Prior to the role of Violet, she had small roles in TV series' including \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Where the Heart Is\"\" and \"\"Foyle's War\"\". In September 2008 Platt appeared in \"\"The Merchant of Venice\"\" playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11060746", "chunk_text": "\"Geraldine Somerville\"\nBBC TV drama \"\"Daphne\"\". She plays a leading role as fictional Louisa, Countess of Manton in the 2012 ITV mini-series \"\"Titanic\"\". In 2014, Somerville played Princess Antoinette of Monaco in the film \"\"Grace of Monaco\"\". In 2014, she played Sarah Griffin in the BBC One mini-series Quirke. Geraldine Somerville Geraldine Margaret Agnew-Somerville (born 19 May 1967) is an Irish born actress known for her role as Detective Sergeant Jane Penhaligon in \"\"Cracker\"\" (1993–95), for which she was nominated for the 1995 BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress, and for playing Lily Potter in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film series. Her other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11669363", "chunk_text": "\"Emily Mortimer\"\nEmily Mortimer Emily Kathleen Anne Mortimer (born 1 December 1971) is an English actress and screenwriter. She began acting in stage productions and has since appeared in several film and television roles. In 2003, she won an Independent Spirit Award for her performance in \"\"Lovely and Amazing\"\". She is also known for playing roles in the HBO series \"\"The Newsroom\"\", and as the voice actress in the English language version of \"\"Howl's Moving Castle\"\" (2004), \"\"Match Point\"\" (2005), \"\"Lars and the Real Girl\"\" (2007), \"\"Chaos Theory\"\" (2008), \"\"Harry Brown\"\" (2009), \"\"Shutter Island\"\" (2010), \"\"Hugo\"\" (2011), and \"\"Mary Poppins Returns\"\" (2018).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496157", "chunk_text": "\"Jaime Murray\"\nJaime Murray Jaime Murray (born 21 July 1976) is an English actress, known for playing Stacie Monroe in the BBC series \"\"Hustle\"\" (2004–2012), Lila Tourray in the Showtime series \"\"Dexter\"\" (2007), Gaia in the Starz miniseries \"\"\"\" (2011), Olivia Charles in The CW series \"\"Ringer\"\" (2011–2012), Helena G. Wells in the Syfy series \"\"Warehouse 13\"\" (2010–2014), Stahma Tarr in the Syfy series \"\"Defiance\"\" (2013–2015), Fiona/the Black Fairy in the ABC series \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\" (2016–2017) and Antoinette in the CW series \"\"The Originals\"\" (2018). Murray was born in London, England, to Elaine and English actor Billy Murray. She was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15497875", "chunk_text": "\"Allison Williams (actress)\"\nForward\"\", a short film collaboration between David O. Russell and Prada. In 2017, Williams starred in the hit horror film \"\"Get Out\"\", directed by Jordan Peele, who became convinced she was right for the role of Rose after seeing her performance in \"\"Peter Pan Live!\"\" In 2018, Williams was cast in a recurring role throughout the second and third seasons of the Netflix comedy drama series \"\"A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". Williams began dating Ricky Van Veen, co-founder of CollegeHumor, in 2011. They became engaged in 2014 and married on September 19, 2015 in a private ceremony in Saratoga, Wyoming.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3239766", "chunk_text": "\"The Wide Window\"\nby Stephen Leacock entitled \"\"Q: A Psychic Pstory of the Psupernatural\"\". This edition was the last of the paperback rereleases of the series - there have not been any more of these . Elements of \"\"The Wide Window\"\" were featured in the 2004 film adaptation of the first three books in the series, \"\"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\"\". The book was adapted into the fifth and sixth episodes of the first season of the television series adaptation produced by Netflix. In the film, Meryl Streep portrays the children's new guardian aunt Josephine, while Alfre Woodard portrays the character", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8243689", "chunk_text": "\"Lodovica Comello\"\nLodovica Comello Lodovica Comello (born 13 April 1990) is an Italian actress, singer, dancer and TV host who gained international popularity for her role as \"\"Francesca\"\" in the Argentine Disney Channel series, \"\"Violetta\"\". Comello was born and raised in San Daniele del Friuli, Italy, near Udine in Friuli. She demonstrated her passion for art, acting, dance, guitar from a very young age. She started guitar lessons at age 8. In high school, she studied music theory and participated in dance and acting in her spare time. She attended I.S.I.S. Superiore Vincenzo Manzini, a public high school in San Daniele del", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6517316", "chunk_text": "\"Leven Rambin\"\nLeven Rambin Leven Alice Rambin (born May 17, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for playing look-alike half-sisters Lily Montgomery and Ava Benton on \"\"All My Children\"\" (2004–08) and her recurring roles in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" (2005–present) and \"\"Gone\"\" (2017-present), as well \"\"\"\" (2008–09), \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" (2003–12), \"\"Wizards of Waverly Place\"\" (2007–12), and \"\"\"\" (2002–12). She appeared in the sci-fi film \"\"The Hunger Games\"\" (2012) as the District 1 tribute Glimmer, and appeared as Clarisse La Rue in the fantasy film \"\"\"\" (2013). Rambin was born in Houston, Texas, to Joseph Howard Rambin III and the former", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1929328", "chunk_text": "\"Sofia Vassilieva\"\nColumbia University with a Bachelor of Arts and Science degree. She has also completed a Linguistics major with honors, and a special concentration in Business Management. Vassilieva is a member of Alpha Omicron Pi women's fraternity. Sofia Vassilieva Sofia Vladimirovna Vassilieva (born October 22, 1992) is an American actress. Her most notable roles include the children's book Eloise in \"\"Eloise at the Plaza\"\" and \"\"Eloise at Christmastime\"\", Ariel DuBois in the Emmy-winning TV series \"\"Medium\"\", and teenage cancer patient Kate Fitzgerald in the 2009 film adaptation of \"\"My Sister's Keeper\"\" by Jodi Picoult. Vassilieva was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11606571", "chunk_text": "\"Karolina Wydra\"\nKarolina Wydra Karolina Wydra ( ; born March 5, 1981) is a Polish-American actress and model. She is known for playing Dominika Petrova on the Fox medical drama series \"\"House\"\", and vampire Violet Mazurski on the HBO dark fantasy series \"\"True Blood\"\". Wydra has starred in the fantasy thriller \"\"After\"\" (2012), and the science fiction film \"\"Europa Report\"\" (2013). She portrayed Detective Dianne Kubek on ABC's short-lived crime drama series \"\"Wicked City\"\". Wydra was born in Opole, Poland with a rare left eye coloboma birth defect in which the iris of the eye does not grow closed during gestation. She", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4964497", "chunk_text": "\"Clémence Poésy\"\nClémence Poésy Clémence Poésy (; born 30 October 1982 as Clémence Guichard) is a French actress and fashion model. After starting on the stage as a child, Poésy studied drama and has been active in both film and television since 1999, including some English-language productions. She is known for the roles of Fleur Delacour in the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film series, Chloë in \"\"In Bruges\"\", Rana in \"\"127 Hours\"\", and Natasha Rostova in \"\"War and Peace\"\". Born in L'Haÿ-les-Roses, a southern suburb of Paris, she is the daughter of actor-writer Étienne Guichard and a French teacher. Poésy took her mother's maiden", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3252	who played the mom in the partridge family?	n/a	[ "Shirley Mae Jones" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697946", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Jones\"\nShirley Jones Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an American singer and actress. In her six decades of show business, she has starred as wholesome characters in a number of well-known musical films, such as \"\"Oklahoma!\"\" (1955), \"\"Carousel\"\" (1956), and \"\"The Music Man\"\" (1962). She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a vengeful prostitute in \"\"Elmer Gantry\"\" (1960). She played the lead role of Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children, in the musical situation-comedy television series \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" (1970–74), which co-starred her real-life stepson, David Cassidy, son of Jack Cassidy. Jones", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6019405", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nTalbot, Larry Wilcox, Dick Wilson, and William Windom. Others would later become famous in other roles, such as Meredith Baxter, Richard Bull, Bert Convy, Farrah Fawcett, Norman Fell, Anthony Geary, Louis Gossett Jr., Harold Gould, Jackie Earle Haley, Mark Hamill, Season Hubley, Ann Jillian, Gordon Jump, Cheryl Ladd, Michael Lembeck, William Lucking, Stuart Margolin, Richard Mulligan, Michael Ontkean, Noam Pitlik, Annette O'Toole, Charlotte Rae, Rob Reiner, Jack Riley, Jaclyn Smith, Vic Tayback, Nancy Walker, and Frank Welker. Country singer Johnny Cash made an uncredited cameo appearance in the pilot episode. Ray Bolger played Shirley's father in three episodes, and Rosemary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697941", "chunk_text": "\"Suzanne Crough\"\nSuzanne Crough Suzanne J. Crough (March 6, 1963 – April 27, 2015) was an American child actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge on \"\"The Partridge Family\"\". On \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", Crough played Tracy Partridge, the youngest Partridge sibling, who played the tambourine. After \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", she made several TV movies and made guest appearances on television shows, including \"\"Mulligan's Stew\"\". Her last credited on-screen role was as Kate in the 1980 TV movie \"\"Children of Divorce\"\". Crough graduated from Los Angeles Pierce College and until 1993 owned and operated a bookstore. She married William Condray in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697943", "chunk_text": "\"Suzanne Crough\"\ndysplasia, a rare form of cardiomyopathy. Several of Crough's \"\"Partridge Family\"\" co-stars paid tribute to her, including Shirley Jones and Danny Bonaduce. Bonaduce lamented, \"\"Everyone thought I'd be the first Partridge to go. Sadly it was little Tracy. Suzanne was a wonderful lady and a good mom. She will be missed.\"\" Suzanne Crough Suzanne J. Crough (March 6, 1963 – April 27, 2015) was an American child actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge on \"\"The Partridge Family\"\". On \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", Crough played Tracy Partridge, the youngest Partridge sibling, who played the tambourine. After \"\"The Partridge Family\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "693487", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nThe Partridge Family The Partridge Family is an American musical sitcom starring Shirley Jones and featuring David Cassidy. Jones played a widowed mother, and Cassidy played the oldest of her five children who embarked on a music career. It ran from September 25, 1970, until March 23, 1974, on the ABC network as part of a Friday-night lineup, and had subsequent runs in syndication. The family was loosely based on the real-life musical family The Cowsills, a popular band in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the pilot episode, a group of musical siblings in the fictitious city of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "693521", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nreinstated at the end of the credits. No U.S. DVD releases contain the epilogue to episode #25 (which does appear on Region 2 & 4 releases), nor the unaired 1969 pilot, nor any episodes of the spin-off series \"\"Getting Together\"\". The Partridge Family The Partridge Family is an American musical sitcom starring Shirley Jones and featuring David Cassidy. Jones played a widowed mother, and Cassidy played the oldest of her five children who embarked on a music career. It ran from September 25, 1970, until March 23, 1974, on the ABC network as part of a Friday-night lineup, and had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6019396", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nearly development, the Cowsill children were considered by the producers, but because the Cowsills were not trained actors and were too old for the roles as scripted, Slade and Claver abandoned that idea. Shirley Jones had already been signed as mother Shirley Partridge and star of the show. The pilot was filmed in December 1969. This unaired pilot differs from the pilot broadcast in 1970. In the unaired pilot, Shirley's name is \"\"Connie\"\" and she has a boyfriend played by Jones' real-life husband at the time, Jack Cassidy, father of David Cassidy. Laurie mentions her late father once getting drunk", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697968", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Dey\"\nSusan Dey Susan Hallock Dey (born December 10, 1952) is a retired American actress, known for her television roles as Laurie Partridge on the sitcom \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" from 1970 to 1974, and as Grace Van Owen on the drama series \"\"L.A. Law\"\" from 1986 to 1992. A three-time Emmy Award nominee and six-time Golden Globe Award nominee, she won the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Drama Series for \"\"L.A. Law\"\" in 1988. Dey was born Susan Hallock Dey in Pekin, Illinois, to Ruth Pyle (née Doremus) Dey, a nurse, and Robert Smith Dey, a newspaper editor for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6019406", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nDeCamp played Shirley's mother in four episodes. Then-Governor Ronald Reagan's daughter, Maureen Reagan, was also featured in one episode. Future \"\"Charlie's Angels\"\" stars Jaclyn Smith, Farrah Fawcett and Cheryl Ladd all made guest appearances on separate episodes. Bobby Sherman appeared in the last episode of the first season (Episode 25) as struggling songwriter Bobby Conway. This episode led into a short-lived spinoff series on ABC, \"\"Getting Together\"\", starring Sherman and Wes Stern as Bobby Conway's business partner Lionel Poindexter. At the end of the first season, Jeremy Gelbwaks' family moved out of the Los Angeles area, and the part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17340897", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Prestia\"\nShirley Prestia Shirley Rose Prestia (August 18, 1947 – October 8, 2011) was an American actress. She guest starred in a number of notable television series including \"\"Family Ties\"\", \"\"Cheers\"\", \"\"St. Elsewhere\"\", \"\"The Golden Girls\"\", \"\"The Facts of Life\"\", \"\"227\"\", \"\"Mr. Belvedere\"\", \"\"Babylon 5\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Step by Step\"\", \"\"The Practice\"\" and other series. Prestia also had recurring roles on the sitcoms \"\"Home Improvement\"\" (as Delores) and \"\"Dharma & Greg\"\" (as Janet). She appeared in the films \"\"Final Analysis\"\" (1992), \"\"Hoffa\"\" (1992), \"\"Species\"\" (1995), \"\"Leave It to Beaver\"\" (1997), \"\"Wag the Dog\"\" (1997) and \"\"What Women Want\"\" (2000).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "693600", "chunk_text": "\"David Cassidy\"\nDavid Cassidy David Bruce Cassidy (April 12, 1950 – November 21, 2017) was an American actor, singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He was known for his role as Keith Partridge, the son of Shirley Partridge (played by his stepmother Shirley Jones), in the 1970s musical-sitcom \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", which led to his becoming one of popular culture's teen idols and superstar pop singers of the 1970s. He later had a career in both acting and music. Cassidy was born at Flower Fifth Avenue Hospital in New York City, the son of singer and actor Jack Cassidy and actress Evelyn Ward. His", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6019404", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nwho provided the real vocal and instrumental music attributed to The Partridge Family. During its four-season run, many actors made guest appearances on the show. Some of them were well known at the time, such as Morey Amsterdam, John Astin, Carl Ballantine, John Banner, Edgar Buchanan, George Chakiris, Dick Clark (who later hosted \"\"The Other Half\"\" from 2001 to 2003 with Danny Bonaduce), Jackie Coogan, Howard Cosell, Jodie Foster, Bernard Fox, Ned Glass, James Gregory, Margaret Hamilton, Pat Harrington Jr., Arte Johnson, Harvey Lembeck, Art Metrano, Mary Ann Mobley, Harry Morgan, Slim Pickens, Richard Pryor, Barbara Rhoades, William Schallert, Nita", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "693504", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\ntheir instruments. None of the actors sang background; they lip-synched to recorded singing by the Ron Hicklin Singers, composed of brothers John and Tom Bahler, Jackie Ward (who as Robin Ward had a #14 hit \"\"Wonderful Summer\"\" on Dot Records in 1963 ), and Ron Hicklin. Actor David Cassidy was originally to lip sync with the rest of the cast, but convinced Farrell that he could sing and was allowed to join the studio ensemble as the lead singer. He and his step-mother, Shirley, are the only two show actors allowed to sing for recording. \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" theme song,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5520089", "chunk_text": "\"Mitzi Hoag\"\nMitzi Hoag Mitzi Hoag (born Margaret Hoag on September 25, 1932) is an American TV actress. Over the course of her career, she has appeared in more than 73 different TV shows and movies. Notable among these are recurring roles in \"\"We'll Get By\"\", \"\"Bonanza\"\", \"\"Here Come the Brides\"\", and \"\"The Partridge Family\"\". Margaret M. Hoag was raised in North Olmsted, Ohio, near Cleveland, where her father John C. Hoag was a supervisor for the A&P store chain. She graduated from Cleveland's John Marshall High School in 1949. A straight-A student and head majorette of the marching band, she appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17454480", "chunk_text": "\"David Cassidy\"\nHappy ... Fear and Loathing on the Partridge Family Bus\"\". Cassidy also wrote a memoir, \"\"Could It Be Forever? My Story\"\", published in the United Kingdom in March 2007, which gives further details about his personal life. David Cassidy David Bruce Cassidy (April 12, 1950 – November 21, 2017) was an American actor, singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He was known for his role as Keith Partridge, the son of Shirley Partridge (played by his stepmother Shirley Jones), in the 1970s musical-sitcom \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", which led to his becoming one of popular culture's teen idols and superstar pop singers of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697974", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Dey\"\na relationship when production on the show finished, but Cassidy broke it off as he did not reciprocate her feelings. In 1994, Cassidy disclosed details on his relationship with Dey in his autobiography, \"\"C'mon, Get Happy ... Fear and Loathing on the Partridge Family Bus\"\". Dey's response was to sever all contact with Cassidy. Susan Dey Susan Hallock Dey (born December 10, 1952) is a retired American actress, known for her television roles as Laurie Partridge on the sitcom \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" from 1970 to 1974, and as Grace Van Owen on the drama series \"\"L.A. Law\"\" from 1986 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7162230", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Prestia\"\nwith the disease. Shirley Prestia Shirley Rose Prestia (August 18, 1947 – October 8, 2011) was an American actress. She guest starred in a number of notable television series including \"\"Family Ties\"\", \"\"Cheers\"\", \"\"St. Elsewhere\"\", \"\"The Golden Girls\"\", \"\"The Facts of Life\"\", \"\"227\"\", \"\"Mr. Belvedere\"\", \"\"Babylon 5\"\", \"\"L.A. Law\"\", \"\"NYPD Blue\"\", \"\"Step by Step\"\", \"\"The Practice\"\" and other series. Prestia also had recurring roles on the sitcoms \"\"Home Improvement\"\" (as Delores) and \"\"Dharma & Greg\"\" (as Janet). She appeared in the films \"\"Final Analysis\"\" (1992), \"\"Hoffa\"\" (1992), \"\"Species\"\" (1995), \"\"Leave It to Beaver\"\" (1997), \"\"Wag the Dog\"\" (1997) and \"\"What", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18799793", "chunk_text": "\"Partridge Family 2200 A.D.\"\nversion of \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" instead. The Partridge Family had already been recurring characters on a previous Hanna-Barbera production, \"\"Goober and the Ghost Chasers\"\". Danny Bonaduce, Suzanne Crough and Brian Forster voiced their respective characters from the live action series. Susan Dey provided Laurie's voice for only two episodes before she was replaced by former \"\"Mouseketeer\"\" Sherry Alberoni. Chuck McLenan served as both the speaking and singing voice of Keith Partridge instead of David Cassidy; Joan Gerber voiced Shirley Partridge in place of Shirley Jones. Micky Dolenz, a member of a previous made-for-television band (The Monkees), had various recurring roles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2024095", "chunk_text": "\"Marion Barron\"\nMarion Barron Marion Barron (born 28 March 1958) is a Scottish actress. She is perhaps best known for playing Mrs. Partridge, the vicar's wife in the hugely successful BBC sitcom, \"\"Keeping Up Appearances\"\" from 1990 to 1995. Other notable works include \"\"Don't Wait Up\"\" (1983) and \"\"Screen Two\"\" (1985). Marion Barron was born on 28 March 1958 in Nigeria, Africa. She grew up Dumfries, Scotland. Barron's first screen credit was as a hotel receptionist in the successful sitcom \"\"Don't Wait Up\"\", starring Nigel Havers, Tony Britton and Dinah Sheridan, and was produced and directed by Harold Snoad, but her best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1762391", "chunk_text": "\"Lynne Moody\"\nLynne Moody Lynne Moody (born February 17) is an American actress who has made many appearances on television. Moody studied acting at the Pasadena Playhouse, Goodman Theatre and Hull House. She worked as a stewardess before moving to Hollywood to pursue a career as an actress. In the early 1970s, she worked as a Playboy Bunny at a Playboy Club in Los Angeles. Her most prominent roles include Irene Harvey in \"\"Roots\"\" and \"\"\"\", Tracy Curtis Taylor in \"\"That's My Mama\"\" (1974–75) (she was replaced by Joan Pringle at the beginning of the second season), Polly Dawson in \"\"Soap\"\", Patricia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16130780", "chunk_text": "\"Vicki Lawrence\"\nVicki Lawrence Victoria Ann Lawrence (born Victoria Ann Axelrad; born March 26, 1949), sometimes credited as Vicki Lawrence Schultz, is an American actress, comedian, and pop music singer known for the many characters she originated on CBS's \"\"The Carol Burnett Show\"\", where she appeared from 1967–78, for the entire series run. One such character was \"\"The Family\"\" matriarch Thelma Harper/Mama, the cold, unaffectionate mother of the neurotic, misfortunate, bedraggled Eunice (Burnett) although Lawrence is 16 years younger than Burnett. Thelma Harper was the central character of the television situation comedy series \"\"Mama's Family\"\" on NBC and, later, in first-run syndication.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6738276", "chunk_text": "\"Dave Madden\"\nDave Madden David Joseph Madden (December 17, 1931 – January 16, 2014) was a Canadian-born American actor. His most famous role came on the 1970s sitcom \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", in which he played the group's manager, Reuben Kincaid, opposite Shirley Jones's character. Madden later had a recurring role as diner customer Earl Hicks on the mid-1970s to mid-1980s sitcom, \"\"Alice\"\". Madden was born in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada to Verna (née Burleigh) and Roger Madden. He had three older siblings: Sister Mary Roger (1919–), a practicing nun at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods in Indiana; Richard (1921–?); and Jack (1926–1948). He spent his early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697951", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Jones\"\nrole that ultimately went to her best friend, Florence Henderson, Jones was the producers' first choice to audition for the lead role of Shirley Partridge in \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", an ABC musical sitcom based loosely on the real-life musical family The Cowsills. The series focused on a young widowed mother whose five children form a pop rock group after the entire family painted its signature bus to travel. She was convinced that the combination of music and comedy would be a surefire hit. Jones realized, however, that: During its first season, it became a hit and was screened in over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2541030", "chunk_text": "\"Shirl Bernheim\"\nShirl Bernheim Shirl Bernheim (September 21, 1921 in Manhattan, New York City – March 30, 2009 in Englewood, New Jersey) was an American actress of film and television. She was born as Shirley Raphael and made her sole appearance on Broadway in her debut in 2000, aged 79, in \"\"The Tale of the Allergist's Wife\"\", in which she played \"\"Frieda\"\", the mother of the lead character (played by Linda Lavin and Valerie Harper, consecutively). Bernheim appeared in the play from October 12, 2000 until May 26, 2002. Starting late in the industry, using her married name as her professional name,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1643914", "chunk_text": "\"Bill Cowsill\"\nCowsill singing lead vocals, peaked at #2. The Cowsills made regular television appearances, which led to Columbia Pictures considering a sitcom based on their story and starring most of the members of the band; the deal was abandoned when the producers of the show wanted to replace Barbara in the cast. The show would later become \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", with David Cassidy playing the lead singer and Shirley Jones as the mother. It was commonly thought that Cowsill's involvement with the family band came to an abrupt end in 1969 when his father, Bud, caught him smoking marijuana, and he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1078621", "chunk_text": "\"Liz Sheridan\"\nLiz Sheridan Elizabeth Ann Sheridan (born April 10, 1929) is an American actress. Sheridan was born in Rye, New York, the daughter of concert singer Elizabeth Poole-Jones and classical pianist Frank Sheridan. Sheridan may be best known for her recurring role as Jerry Seinfeld's mother, Helen, in \"\"Seinfeld\"\". She played the role for all nine seasons, from 1990 to 1998. She starred in the 1976 Broadway play \"\"Best Friend\"\" before moving on to regular supporting roles in films and television series such as \"\"Moonlighting\"\", \"\"Kojak\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", and \"\"Cagney & Lacey\"\". Her first major role was playing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10817678", "chunk_text": "\"Dody Goodman\"\nDody Goodman Dody Goodman (October 28, 1914 – June 22, 2008) was an American character actress. She played the mother of the title character in the television series \"\"Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman\"\", her distinctive high-pitched voice announcing the show's title at the beginning of each episode. She was a regular on \"\"The Tonight Show\"\" in the 1950s, and cast member of The Mary Tyler Moore Hour in 1979. Aside from film and television appearances, she also voice acted Miss Miller in the television series \"\"Alvin and the Chipmunks\"\" and the film spin-off \"\"The Chipmunk Adventure\"\". Born Dolores Goodman in Columbus,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15795406", "chunk_text": "\"Naomi Stevens\"\nNaomi Stevens Naomi Stevens (November 29, 1925 – January 13, 2018) was an American character actress of film and television from the 1950s through the 1980s. She appeared in almost 100 roles over the years, usually depicting mothers, landladies, gossips, or neighbors. Her most frequent characterizations were Italian, Jewish, Latin, or East European, and usually with a comic touch. She appeared in many television series and in such feature films as \"\"Valley of the Dolls\"\", \"\"Buona Sera, Mrs. Campbell\"\", and, most notably, in \"\"The Apartment\"\" as Mrs. Dreyfus, the supportive \"\"Jewish mother\"\" type to Shirley MacLaine's character, Fran Kubelik. Naomi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6581263", "chunk_text": "\"The Moms\"\nof the characters Liz Lemon, Jenna Maroney, Frank Rossitano (Judah Friedlander), and Jack Donaghy, respectively. John Lutz appears as the mother of his character, \"\"TGS\"\" writer J.D. Lutz, but it is unclear whether this is portrayed as a casting joke on the part of \"\"30 Rock\"\" or whether the character of Lutz is impersonating his own mother within the show. In addition, actress Novella Nelson guest starred as herself as Tracy Jordan's fake \"\"mother\"\" for the first time. Former astronaut Buzz Aldrin played himself in the episode as it is revealed that he was in a relationship with Liz's mother.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17104363", "chunk_text": "\"Marcella Lowery\"\nin \"\"The Preacher's Wife\"\" and guest-starred in four episodes of \"\"Law & Order\"\". She is most recently known for portraying Donovan McNabb's mother in Campbell's Chunky Soup commercials. Lowery has also appeared on the commercials for Colonial Penn. Marcella Lowery Marcella Lowery (born April 27, 1946) is an American actress. Marcella Lowery is known for her roles as Geoffrey Owens' mother, Francine Tibideaux, on \"\"The Cosby Show\"\", Jamal Jenkins' grandmother on \"\"Ghostwriter\"\" from 1992 to 1995, Anna Eldridge in the 1996 film, \"\"The Preacher's Wife\"\" and as Principal Karen Noble on the NBC sitcom \"\"City Guys\"\". Lowery was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17880242", "chunk_text": "\"Nancy Lenehan\"\nNancy Lenehan Nancy Lenehan (born April 26, 1953) is an American actress who has appeared in film and television since the 1980s. Lenehan was born in Long Island, New York. She co-starred on the short-lived sitcom \"\"Worst Week\"\". She also co-starred as Sandy Kelly, the matriarch in the sitcom \"\"Married to the Kellys\"\", and had a recurring role on \"\"My Name Is Earl\"\" as Earl and Randy's mother, Kay Hickey. She has appeared in featured, recurring and guest roles in many television shows and television movies, and feature films, including \"\"Malcolm in the Middle\"\", \"\"Everybody Loves Raymond\"\", \"\"How I Met", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1078624", "chunk_text": "\"Liz Sheridan\"\nof her life.\"\" Liz Sheridan Elizabeth Ann Sheridan (born April 10, 1929) is an American actress. Sheridan was born in Rye, New York, the daughter of concert singer Elizabeth Poole-Jones and classical pianist Frank Sheridan. Sheridan may be best known for her recurring role as Jerry Seinfeld's mother, Helen, in \"\"Seinfeld\"\". She played the role for all nine seasons, from 1990 to 1998. She starred in the 1976 Broadway play \"\"Best Friend\"\" before moving on to regular supporting roles in films and television series such as \"\"Moonlighting\"\", \"\"Kojak\"\", \"\"The A-Team\"\", \"\"Murder, She Wrote\"\", and \"\"Cagney & Lacey\"\". Her first major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7853648", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Garrett\"\nBetty Garrett Elizabeth Garrett (May 23, 1919 – February 12, 2011) was an American actress, comedian, singer and dancer. She originally performed on Broadway, and was then being signed to a film contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. She appeared in several musical films before returning to Broadway and making guest appearances on several television series. Garrett later became known for the roles she played in two prominent 1970s sitcoms: Archie Bunker's liberal neighbor Irene Lorenzo in \"\"All in the Family\"\" and landlady Edna Babish in \"\"Laverne & Shirley\"\". In later years, she appeared in television series such as \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\", \"\"Boston Public\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6019430", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nbriefly reminisce with Bonaduce. David Cassidy was also unable to appear as he was working on a new album at that time. In 2004, VH1 produced a pilot for a syndicated \"\"The New Partridge Family\"\", starring Suzanne Sole as Shirley, Leland Grant as Keith, Emma Stone as Laurie and Spencer Tuskowski as Danny. The pilot was the only episode produced. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment has released all 4 Seasons of \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" in DVD Region 1. Seasons 1 and 2 have been released in Regions 2 and 4. On October 15, 2013, Sony released \"\"The Partridge Family – The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6581262", "chunk_text": "\"The Moms\"\nRiggi. This was Cannon's seventh writing credit, and Carlock's fifteenth penned episode. This was Riggi's third directed episode for the series after \"\"Goodbye, My Friend\"\" and \"\"The Problem Solvers\"\". \"\"The Moms\"\" originally aired on NBC in the United States on May 6, 2010, as the twentieth episode of the show's fourth season and the 78th overall episode of the series. This episode of \"\"30 Rock\"\" was filmed on March 5 and March 10, 2010. Actresses Anita Gillette, Jan Hooks, Patti LuPone, and Elaine Stritch reprised their roles as Margaret Lemon, Verna Maroney, Sylvia Rossitano, and Colleen Donaghy, respectively, the mothers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10798111", "chunk_text": "\"Rosetta LeNoire\"\nincluding Ossie Davis and Ruby Dee, Geoffrey Holder and Carmen de Lavallade, Leslie Uggams, Maurice Hines, Phylicia Rashad, Woodie King Jr., Dionne Warwick, and George C. Wolfe. Rosetta LeNoire Rosetta LeNoire (born Rosetta Olive Burton; August 8, 1911 – March 17, 2002) was an American stage, screen, and television actress, as well as a Broadway producer and casting agent. LeNoire is known to contemporary audiences for her work in television. She had regular roles on the series \"\"Gimme a Break!\"\" and \"\"Amen\"\" but she may be best known for her role as Estelle \"\"Mother Winslow\"\" (Carl's mother) on \"\"Family Matters\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17862377", "chunk_text": "\"Rachael MacFarlane\"\nMacFarlane is married to animator Spencer Laudiero. They have two daughters, Bella Francesca Laudiero and Perrin Elizabeth Laudiero. On July 16, 2010, MacFarlane's mother, Ann Perry Sager, died after a long battle with cancer. Her death was reported by Larry King on his show \"\"Larry King Live\"\", who acknowledged a conversation he had with her during an interview with her son in May 2010. MacFarlane has noted her similarities to Hayley Smith on \"\"American Dad!\"\", revealing, \"\"We both share the same political views\"\". Rachael MacFarlane Rachael Ann MacFarlane Laudiero (born March 21, 1976) is an American voice actress and singer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12160302", "chunk_text": "\"Jeremy Gelbwaks\"\nJeremy Gelbwaks Jeremy R. Gelbwaks (born May 22, 1961; Los Angeles) is a former American child actor who starred in the television series \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" (1970–71). Gelbwaks was the first actor to play the role of Chris Partridge. He left the program (and the business) after the first season, and was replaced by Brian Forster in the summer of 1971. According to his \"\"Partridge Family\"\" co-star David Cassidy, Gelbwaks \"\"had a personality conflict with every person in the cast and the producers\"\". In a 2005 interview with the Television Academy Foundation, Shirley Jones mentioned that Gelbwaks \"\"was not happy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4256430", "chunk_text": "\"Marion Barron\"\nknown role was as the timid yet fiery Mrs. Partridge, the vicar's wife alongside Patricia Routledge, Josephine Tewson, Clive Swift and Judy Cornwell in the BBC's hit sitcom \"\"Keeping Up Appearances\"\" (also produced and directed by Harold Snoad) from 1990 to 1995. She has also appeared in \"\"Screen Two\"\" and \"\"The Bill\"\". Marion is married to Simon and they have 2 children. Barron's height is 5' 5\"\" (1.65 m). Marion Barron Marion Barron (born 28 March 1958) is a Scottish actress. She is perhaps best known for playing Mrs. Partridge, the vicar's wife in the hugely successful BBC sitcom, \"\"Keeping", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "693518", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nthe ABC special \"\"Thanksgiving Reunion with The Partridge Family and My Three Sons\"\", that aired on November 25, 1977. The show featured the casts discussing the histories of their shows, although other than Jones and Fred MacMurray both portraying single parents of large families, the two series had no narrative link. In 1995, a majority of the cast appeared on Bonaduce's talk show \"\"Danny!\"\", including Shirley Jones, Dave Madden, Jeremy Gelbwaks, Brian Forster, Suzanne Crough, Ricky Segall and the show's executive producer Bob Claver. Susan Dey was working on a movie at the time but called into the show to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8405256", "chunk_text": "\"Reagan Gomez-Preston\"\nReagan Gomez-Preston Reagan Amyre Gomez-Preston (born April 24, 1980) is an American television and film actress and voice actress. She is best known for her roles as Zaria Peterson on The WB sitcom \"\"The Parent 'Hood\"\" (1995–1999) and Roberta Tubbs on Fox animated comedy \"\"The Cleveland Show\"\" (2009–2013). Gomez-Preston was born in Detroit, Michigan to a Puerto Rican mother, Cheryl Gomez, and an African American father, Bennett Preston. She has a younger brother named Kyle. Gomez-Preston's father, Bennett Preston, is a medical examiner/pathologist in Philadelphia. When Gomez-Preston was young her mother worked for the Detroit Police Department. Cheryl Gomez was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "598008", "chunk_text": "\"Father Knows Best\"\nfamiliar \"\"Father Knows Best\"\" style and later renovated variations in episodes of \"\"Hazel,\"\" \"\"Bewitched,\"\" \"\"The Monkees,\"\" \"\"The Partridge Family\"\" and in numerous other television comedies and dramas. The TV cast reunited for a pair of TV movies on NBC: \"\"Father Knows Best Reunion\"\" on May 15, 1977 and \"\"Father Knows Best: Home for Christmas\"\" on December 18, 1977. In the 17 years since the series ended, the characters of Betty and Bud had both gotten married and had families of their own. Betty was the widowed mother of two girls, Jenny (Cari Anne Warder) and Ellen (Kyle Richards), while Bud", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19645799", "chunk_text": "\"Florence Henderson\"\nyear, she accepted the similar role of a mother with five children, named Shirley Partridge, in \"\"The Partridge Family\"\", which aired from 1970–1974. Primarily owing to her role on \"\"The Brady Bunch\"\", Henderson was ranked by TV Land and \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" as number 54 on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Icons. An avid game-show fan, Henderson was a frequent panelist on the original version of \"\"Hollywood Squares\"\" and made occasional appearances on \"\"The $25,000 Pyramid\"\". Her other game show appearances include \"\"Password\"\", the original \"\"Match Game\"\", \"\"What's My Line\"\" (as panelist and mystery guest), \"\"To Tell The Truth\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10140079", "chunk_text": "\"Sabrina Le Beauf\"\nSabrina Le Beauf Sabrina Marie Le Beauf (born March 21, 1958) is an American actress best known for her portrayal of Sondra Huxtable on the NBC situation comedy \"\"The Cosby Show\"\". She has voiced the character Norma Bindlebeep on the Nick at Nite animated series \"\"Fatherhood\"\", a show based on Bill Cosby's book of the same name. Le Beauf was cast as the eldest Huxtable daughter Sondra on \"\"The Cosby Show\"\" despite being only 10 years younger than Phylicia Rashad, the actress who played her mother, Clair Huxtable. Pop singer Whitney Houston also auditioned for the same part, but Le", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6019408", "chunk_text": "\"The Partridge Family\"\nthe ongoing series were recorded by music producer Wes Farrell. The Partridge Family songs heard in the show, and on the several Partridge Family singles and albums, were not performed as seen on-screen. Actor David Cassidy sang lead on most of the records, and actor Shirley Jones can be heard on a few. But the other voices and all the instruments were recorded by session musicians. The Partridge Family's instrumental sound was provided by musicians informally known as The Wrecking Crew, who did many of the pop hits of the day attributed to other performers. The actors pretended to play", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17958732", "chunk_text": "\"Lynn Borden\"\nLynn Borden Lynn Borden (March 24, 1937 – March 3, 2015) was an American actress, possibly best known for her role as \"\"Barbara Baxter\"\" in the final season of the Shirley Booth sitcom \"\"Hazel\"\" on CBS (1965-66). Born Lynn Freyse in Detroit, Michigan, to Bill (1898–1969) and Evelyn S. Freyse (1908–2003), her family moved to Cleveland, Ohio, and later Tucson, Arizona, in hopes of coping with her mother's health needs, which required a warm, dry climate. She had a brother, Steve. Lynn's father, a Detroit native, was a cartoonist who drew the classic comic strip and panel cartoon \"\"Our Boarding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6581256", "chunk_text": "\"The Moms\"\nthe 18–49 demographic. For her performance in this episode, Elaine Stritch received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the category for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. Liz Lemon (Tina Fey), the head writer of the \"\"TGS with Tracy Jordan\"\" show, brings her boss Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) a budget approval on the show's planned Mother's Day episode by gathering around its cast and staff mothers. Liz reminds Jack that Mother's Day is coming up, prompting Jack to realize he forgot to send his mother Colleen Donaghy (Elaine Stritch) flowers and informs his office assistant Jonathan (Maulik Pancholy) to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3129294", "chunk_text": "\"Alley Mills\"\nafter making only a handful of appearances, her character went insane, was confined to a mental hospital, and then disappeared from the show in March 2007. Mills reprised the role on recurring status in 2007 and 2008 and has been added to the opening credits as a contract player as of December 2008. Alley Mills Allison \"\"Alley\"\" Mills (born May 9, 1951), also known as Alley Bean, is an American actress best known for her role as Norma Arnold, the mother in the coming-of-age series \"\"The Wonder Years\"\", and her current role as Pamela Douglas, the sister of the late", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8608160", "chunk_text": "\"Margaret Teele\"\nbegan acting in local high school productions. In one of the productions, \"\"The King and I\"\", Teele played Tony Shalhoub's mother. Teele resigned from acting to raise a family. She is the mother of singer Jenna Drey. Margaret Teele Margaret Teele (born Margaret J. Poby, 5 November 1942 in Joliet, Illinois) was raised in Green Bay, Wisconsin is an American television and motion picture actress who appeared in \"\"Gomer Pyle\"\", \"\"The Andy Griffith Show\"\", \"\"Batman\"\", \"\"The Rounders\"\", \"\"The Accidental Family\"\" and \"\"Captain Nice\"\" and other television shows as well as films such as \"\"The Silencers\"\", \"\"Way Way Out\"\", \"\"Hook, Line", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7697967", "chunk_text": "\"Shirley Jones\"\n2017. Jones was devastated when Suzanne Crough died on April 27, 2015; Crough played one of her TV daughters on \"\"The Partridge Family\"\". She had a very close relationship with the younger actress and remained close friends long after the series was cancelled. Jones said of Crough's death on Hollywood life: Referring to David Cassidy's alcohol abuse and legal problems, Jones said: David Cassidy died on November 21, 2017, at the age of 67. The cause of death was reported as organ failure complicated by early onset dementia. Jones stated: Shirley Jones Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3253	star wars episode ii attack of the clones characters?	n/a	[ "Chancellor Palpatine / Darth Sidious", "Anakin Skywalker", "Mace Windu", "Padmé Amidala", "R2-D2", "Yoda", "Count Dooku / Darth Tyranus", "Obi-Wan Kenobi", "C-3PO" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451241", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nStar Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the \"\"Star Wars\"\" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz. Set ten years after the events in \"\"\"\", the galaxy is on the brink of civil war, with thousands of planetary systems threatening to secede from the Galactic Republic. After", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3716808", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\non a motion to create an army to assist the Jedi against this threat. Narrowly avoiding an assassination attempt upon arrival, she is placed under the protection of Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi and his apprentice, Anakin Skywalker. The two Jedi thwart a second attempt on her life and subdue the assassin, Zam Wesell; she is killed by her client, a bounty hunter, before she can reveal his identity. The Jedi Council instructs Obi-Wan to find the bounty hunter, while Anakin is tasked to protect Padmé and escort her back to Naboo, where he expresses his romantic feelings for her. Obi-Wan's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10005487", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (video game)\"\nStar Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (video game) Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones is a video game based on . It was announced by THQ and LucasArts in early February 2002 that they would be releasing a game on Game Boy Advance based on Over the course of eleven levels, the player is able to play as three of the film's main protagonists: Obi-Wan Kenobi, Mace Windu and Anakin Skywalker. He/she is also able to fight enemies such as Count Dooku and Jango Fett. Locations include Tatooine, Coruscant and Geonosis. Players can play a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2062110", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nuses Force powers to divert Yoda and flees to Coruscant, where he delivers blueprints for a superweapon to his Sith master, Darth Sidious. As the Jedi acknowledge the beginning of the Clone Wars, Anakin is fitted with a robotic arm, and secretly marries Padmé on Naboo. \"\"E! Online\"\" reported that Lucas had allowed 'N Sync to film a small background cameo appearance, in order to satisfy his daughters. They were subsequently cut out of the film in post-production. The end credits erroneously list Alan Ruscoe as playing Neimoidian senator Lott Dod. The character was actually another Neimoidian, played by an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3716843", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nemphasis on thrilling action, although they're once again undercut by ponderous plot points and underdeveloped characters.\"\" On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 54 out of 100, based on 39 critics, which indicates \"\"mixed or average reviews\"\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"\"A–\"\" on an A+ to F scale. Numerous critics characterized the dialogue as \"\"stiff\"\" and \"\"flat\"\". The acting was also disparaged by some critics. Conversely, other critics felt fans would be pleased to see that Jar Jar Binks has only a minor role. Additionally, Jar Jar's attempts at comic relief seen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12284600", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel)\"\nCliegg Lars lost his leg and the relationships between Shmi Skywalker and Owen Lars as well as his girlfriend Beru Whitesun are explored in far more detail than the film allowed. There is also far more interaction between Padmé Amidala and Anakin Skywalker which gives their relationship much more depth, and lists Padmé's reasons for falling for the young Jedi. This aspect of the story also includes passages where Anakin is introduced to Padmé's family on Naboo - her parents, her sister, and her sister's two young children. In addition, the relationship between bounty hunter Jango Fett and his cloned", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2062107", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\ninvestigation leads him to the mysterious ocean planet of Kamino, where he discovers an army of clones being produced for the Republic, with bounty hunter Jango Fett serving as their genetic template. Obi-Wan deduces Jango to be the bounty hunter he is seeking, and after a fierce battle, places a homing beacon on their ship, the \"\"Slave I\"\". Obi-Wan then follows Jango and his clone son, Boba Fett, to the rocky planet Geonosis. Meanwhile, Anakin is troubled by visions of his mother, Shmi, in pain and decides to head to Tatooine with Padmé to save her. Watto reveals that he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2062109", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nhis findings to the Jedi Council, and with knowledge of the droid army, Supreme Chancellor Palpatine is voted emergency powers to send the clone army into battle. Anakin and Padmé go to Geonosis to rescue Obi-Wan, but are captured by Jango Fett. Dooku sentences the trio to death, but they are saved by a battalion of clone troopers led by Yoda, Mace Windu, and other Jedi. Mace beheads Jango during the rescue. Obi-Wan and Anakin intercept Dooku, and the three engage in a lightsaber battle. Dooku injures Obi-Wan and severs Anakin's right arm, but Yoda arrives and defends them. Dooku", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451242", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nSenator Padmé Amidala evades an assassination attempt, Jedi apprentice Anakin Skywalker becomes her protector, while his mentor Obi-Wan Kenobi investigates the attempt on her life. Soon, the trio witness the onset of a new threat to the galaxy, the Clone Wars. Development of \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\" began in March 2000, some months after the release of \"\"The Phantom Menace\"\". By June 2000, Lucas and Hales completed a draft of the script and principal photography took place from June to September 2000. The film crew primarily shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney, Australia, with additional footage filmed in Tunisia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451294", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nWorst Supporting Actor (Hayden Christensen), Worst Supporting Actress (Natalie Portman), Worst Screen Couple (Hayden Christensen and Natalie Portman) and Worst Remake or Sequel. It took home two awards for Worst Screenplay (George Lucas) and Worst Supporting Actor (Hayden Christensen). The film grossed $310,676,740 in North America and $338,721,588 overseas for a worldwide total of $649,398,328. Though a huge financial success, it was nevertheless overshadowed by the even greater box-office success of \"\"\"\" three years earlier. It was not the top-grossing film of the year, either in North America (where it finished in third place) or worldwide (where it was fourth),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2062108", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nsold Shmi to Cliegg Lars, who then freed and married her. Cliegg tells Anakin that she was abducted by Tusken Raiders weeks earlier and is likely dead. Determined to find her, Anakin ventures out and finds Shmi at the Tusken campsite, where she dies in his arms. Heartbroken and enraged, Anakin massacres the Tusken tribe. He later declares to Padmé that he will find a way to eliminate death. On Geonosis, Obi-Wan discovers a Separatist gathering led by Count Dooku, who Obi-Wan learns authorized Padmé's assassination and is developing a droid army with Trade Federation Viceroy Nute Gunray. Obi-Wan transmits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2062111", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nuncredited David Healey and voiced by Christopher Truswell. A large search for the new Anakin Skywalker was performed across the United States. Lucas auditioned various actors, mostly unknown, before casting Christensen. Among the many established actors who auditioned were Jonathan Brandis, Ryan Phillippe, Colin Hanks, and Paul Walker. Leonardo DiCaprio also met with Lucas for the role, but was \"\"definitely unavailable\"\" according to DiCaprio publicist Ken Sunshine. Co-star Natalie Portman later told \"\"Time\"\" magazine that Christensen \"\"gave a great reading. He could simultaneously be scary and really young.\"\" After the mixed critical response to \"\"The Phantom Menace\"\", Lucas was hesitant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451274", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\n\"\"a critique of the increasing role played by economic and political appetite in contemporary First World international politics in general\"\". In this political drama, the Trade Federation, the former idealist Dooku and Palpatine \"\"[represent] the economic and political greed and ambition (...) of the political and business classes\"\", while the Jedi have become a force of aggression, and the cityscape of Coruscant has devolved into a dystopian environment that references 1982's \"\"Blade Runner\"\". War journalism, combat films, and footage of World War II combat influenced the documentary-style camera work of the Battle of Geonosis, even to the point that hand-held", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3716814", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nAustralia in Sydney. Location shooting took place in the Tunisian desert, at the Plaza de España in Seville, London, China, Vancouver, San Diego, and Italy (Villa del Balbianello on Lake Como, and in the former royal Palace of Caserta). At his own personal request, Samuel L. Jackson's character Mace Windu received a lightsaber that emitted an amethyst glow, as opposed to traditional blue and green for \"\"good guys\"\" and red for \"\"bad guys\"\". Reshoots were performed in March 2001. During this time, a new action sequence was developed featuring the droid factory after Lucas had decided that the film lacked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7432185", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game)\"\nsingle-player story mode, a customizable character class system, and content based on \"\"The Force Awakens\"\" and \"\"The Last Jedi\"\" movies. It also features vehicles and locations from the original, prequel, and sequel \"\"Star Wars\"\" movie trilogies. It also features heroes and villains that can be played based on characters from the \"\"Star Wars\"\" movies; the hero roster includes Luke Skywalker (Matthew Mercer), Leia Organa (Misty Lee), Han Solo (John Armstrong), Chewbacca, Lando Calrissian (Billy Dee Williams), Yoda (Tom Kane), and Rey (Daisy Ridley), while the villain roster includes Darth Vader (Matt Sloan), Emperor Palpatine (Sam Witwer), Boba Fett (Temuera Morrison),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3716807", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nfinancial success, making over $649 million worldwide; however, it also became the first \"\"Star Wars\"\" film to be outgrossed in its year of release, placing third domestically and fourth highest-grossing worldwide. The film was released on VHS and DVD on November 12, 2002 and was later released on Blu-ray on September 16, 2011. The third and final film of the prequel trilogy, \"\"\"\", was released in 2005. Ten years after the Trade Federation's invasion of Naboo, the Galactic Republic is threatened by the Separatist movement organized by former Jedi Master Count Dooku. Senator Padmé Amidala comes to Coruscant to vote", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15451972", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Jedi Alliance\"\nadvance further into the game. \"\"Jedi Alliance\"\" features ten levels in which the player must select two of the following Jedi characters —Anakin Skywalker, Ahsoka Tano, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Mace Windu, Plo Koon, and Kit Fisto—to proceed through a story original to the game. Each character has special abilities that can uncover new areas and collectibles throughout the game. Each pair can employ unique combo attacks, which become stronger the more that pair is used. During some moments, R2-D2 and C-3PO are also playable, though their abilities are limited. After completing missions and various challenges in the missions, the player can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451243", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nSpain and Italy. It was one of the first motion pictures shot completely on a high-definition digital 24-frame system. The film was released in the United States on May 16, 2002. It received mixed reviews, with some critics hailing it as an improvement over its predecessor \"\"The Phantom Menace\"\" and others considering it the worst installment of the franchise. Although the visual effects, costume design, musical score, action sequences and McGregor's performance as Obi-Wan Kenobi were all praised, the romance of Padmé and Anakin, the dialogue, the screenplay and the film's long runtime were all criticized. The film was a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3716846", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nreason for his dissatisfaction and added \"\"Wooden characterizations and dialogue don't help.\"\" Following suit with the series' previous installments, the Academy Awards nominated \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\"' Rob Coleman, Pablo Helman, John Knoll, and Ben Snow for Best Visual Effects at the 2003 Academy Awards, but the award ultimately went to \"\"\"\". Natalie Portman was also honored at the Teen Choice Awards, and the film received an award for Best Fight at the MTV Movie Awards. In contrast, the film also received seven nominations from the Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture, Worst Director (George Lucas), Worst Screenplay (George Lucas),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "852929", "chunk_text": "\"Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy\"\nbonus level. Over 50 characters from the films are playable over the course of the game, including variations of Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, Chewbacca, Lando Calrissian, R2-D2, C-3PO, Darth Vader, Wicket the Ewok, and Boba Fett. Character abilities have a greater role in \"\"Lego Star Wars II\"\" than in \"\"Lego Star Wars\"\". Certain characters armed with guns can use a grappling hook in predesignated areas. Characters wielding lightsabers can deflect projectiles, double jump and use the Force. R2-D2, C-3PO, and other droid characters are needed to open certain doors. Small characters like the Ewok and Jawa can crawl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18383451", "chunk_text": "R2-D2\nR2-D2 R2-D2 (), or Artoo-Detoo, is a fictional robot character in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise created by George Lucas. A small astromech droid, R2-D2 is a major character and appears in nine out of the ten \"\"Star Wars\"\" films to date. Throughout the course of the films, R2 is a friend to C-3PO, Padmé Amidala, Anakin Skywalker, Leia Organa, Luke Skywalker, and Obi-Wan Kenobi in various points in the saga. English actor Kenny Baker played R2-D2 in all three original \"\"Star Wars\"\" films, and received billing credit for the character in the prequel trilogy, where Baker's role was reduced, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451254", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\ntitle was \"\"Jar Jar's Big Adventure\"\", a sarcastic reference to the negative fan response to the \"\"Episode I\"\" character. In writing \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\", Lucas initially decided that Lando Calrissian was a clone and came from a planet of clones which caused the \"\"Clone Wars\"\" mentioned by Obi-Wan Kenobi in \"\"A New Hope\"\"; he later came up with an alternate concept of an army of clone shocktroopers from a remote planet which were used by the Republic as an army in the war that followed. Principal photography occurred between June 26, 2000 and September 20, 2000 at Fox Studios", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5129930", "chunk_text": "R2-D2\npurposes and was mounted behind the pilot directed upward. R2-D2 R2-D2 (), or Artoo-Detoo, is a fictional robot character in the \"\"Star Wars\"\" franchise created by George Lucas. A small astromech droid, R2-D2 is a major character and appears in nine out of the ten \"\"Star Wars\"\" films to date. Throughout the course of the films, R2 is a friend to C-3PO, Padmé Amidala, Anakin Skywalker, Leia Organa, Luke Skywalker, and Obi-Wan Kenobi in various points in the saga. English actor Kenny Baker played R2-D2 in all three original \"\"Star Wars\"\" films, and received billing credit for the character in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7432186", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game)\"\nBossk (Dee Bradley Baker), Iden Versio (Janina Gavankar), Darth Maul (Sam Witwer), and Kylo Ren (Matthew Wood/Roger Craig Smith) at launch. The game features a full campaign story mode unlike 2015's \"\"Battlefront\"\". The game's single player protagonist, Iden Versio, leader of an Imperial Special Forces group known as Inferno Squad, participates in multiple events in the 30 years leading up to . There are segments in the campaign where the player is able to control other characters such as Luke Skywalker and Kylo Ren. Players can also play in the Arcade mode – an offline single player or local co-op", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6657048", "chunk_text": "\"Skywalker family\"\ncannot get Shmi out of slavery. She allows Anakin to leave with Qui-Gon, assuring her heartbroken son that they will meet again. In \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\", Anakin (Hayden Christensen), now a young adult Jedi apprentice, senses through the Force that she is in pain. He travels to Tatooine to find her, and, upon arriving, learns that she had been freed by and married to moisture farmer Cliegg Lars (Jack Thompson), but had recently been abducted by Tusken Raiders. He finds her inside one of their encampments, but it's too late—beaten and tortured beyond help, she dies in his arms.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7432189", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game)\"\norigin of the Clone Wars with the planet Geonosis as a ground map, Conquest as a returning game mode, and new heroes and villains General Grievous, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Anakin Skywalker, and Count Dooku, all voiced by their respective voice actors (Matthew Wood, James Arnold Taylor, Matt Lanter and Corey Burton) from the 2008 animated TV series \"\"\"\". \"\"Star Wars Battlefront II\"\" features nine multiplayer game modes, some of which are available to play only for a limited time, with the largest supporting up to 40 simultaneous players. Additionally, a mode similar to Conquest has been announced to arrive sometime in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5462648", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Force Unleashed II\"\nNathalie Cox reprises her role as Juno Eclipse, as does Cully Fredrickson as General Rahm Kota. Matt Sloan, who portrays Darth Vader in the webseries and voices Vader in the original \"\"The Force Unleashed\"\" returns to the role in \"\"The Force Unleashed II\"\". Veteran \"\"\"\" voice actors Tom Kane and Dee Bradley Baker are also included amongst the cast. Kane voices Jedi Master Yoda, a role he has provided several times within the Star Wars franchise. Baker voices bounty hunter Boba Fett, a clone and adopted son of Jango Fett. Baker provides the voice of all of the clone troopers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5554759", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (soundtrack)\"\nStar Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (soundtrack) The soundtrack to was released by Sony Classical on April 23, 2002. The music was composed and conducted by John Williams, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and London Voices. Shawn Murphy recorded and mixed the score. Peter Myles and Kenneth Wannberg served as music editors. Williams himself produced the recording sessions. Four different album covers were featured with Anakin and Padme, Jango Fett, Yoda, and the theatrical poster. For a limited time, the CD shipped with a bonus CD-ROM featuring a PC screensaver and a total of four", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16206028", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Jedi Knight II: Jedi Outcast\"\nThe player also receives help from other Jedi and New Republic soldiers, while Mon Mothma (Carolyn Seymour), Chief-of-State of the New Republic, assigns Kyle and Jan missions during the game. There are four main enemies: Desann (Mark Klastorin), a former student of the Jedi Academy, who killed a fellow student before leaving the Order; Tavion (Kath Soucie), Desann's apprentice; Galak Fyyar (Steve Blum), a general in the Imperial Remnant; and Reelo Baruk (Kevin Michael Richardson), a crime lord posing as a \"\"respectable garbage collector\"\" on Nar Shaddaa. Other enemies include Imperial stormtroopers, numerous thugs and soldiers infused with the Force", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19250478", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith\"\nroles as Senator Bail Organa, Chewbacca, Sio Bibble, Jar Jar Binks, Boss Nass, Nute Gunray and Ki-Adi-Mundi, respectively from the previous films. Joel Edgerton and Bonnie Piesse also reprise their roles as Owen Lars and Beru Lars, respectively from \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\". Sound engineer Matthew Wood provides the voice of General Grievous, the fearsome cyborg commander of the Separatists' droid army; Temuera Morrison portrays the Clone Troopers and Commander Cody, who are clones of the bounty hunter, Jango Fett; Bruce Spence portrays Tion Medon, local administrator of Utapau; Jeremy Bulloch, who played Boba Fett in \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3716834", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nin \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\". In both films, an asteroid field is the backdrop of a major star battle in the middle of the film. Obi-Wan escapes Jango Fett by attaching his spacecraft to an asteroid in order to disappear from the enemy sensors; Han Solo uses a similar tactic by attaching the \"\"Millennium Falcon\"\" to a Star Destroyer in \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\". As a retcon, John Knoll confirms on the film's DVD commentary that Boba Fett, who would later catch Solo in the act in \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\", \"\"learned his lesson\"\" from the events of \"\"Attack of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7770327", "chunk_text": "\"Clone trooper\"\nlord Count Dooku. The clone troopers' genetics are altered so that they age at twice the normal rate and are more loyal and easier to command. The clone army is deployed to Geonosis under the command of the Jedi to rescue Obi-Wan, Anakin Skywalker, and Padmé Amidala from execution by the Separatists. In , set three years later, the clone army continues to fight in the Clone Wars against the Separatist battle droid army. However, Chancellor Palpatine, truly the Sith lord Darth Sidious, orders the army to execute Order 66, turning all clones against the Jedi. The clone troopers kill", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "852930", "chunk_text": "\"Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy\"\nthrough hatches to reach otherwise inaccessible areas. Bounty hunters, such as Boba Fett, may use thermal detonators to destroy otherwise indestructible objects. Sith, like Darth Vader, can use the Force to manipulate black Lego objects. Some characters have unique abilities; for example, Chewbacca can rip enemies' arms from their sockets, Darth Vader can choke enemies with the Force, Princess Leia possesses a slap attack, and Lando Calrissian can use a kung-fu-like attack. Special abilities are often necessary to unlock secrets, and story mode does not always provide characters with needed abilities. This means that some secrets can only be found", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451269", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nsame way that traditional stunt doubles did. It also furthered the authenticity of computer-generated characters by introducing a new, completely CGI-created version of the character Yoda. Rob Coleman and John Knoll prepared two tests featuring a CGI-animated Yoda using audio from \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\". Yoda's appearance in \"\"Episode V\"\" also served as the reference point for the creation of the CGI Yoda; Lucas repeatedly stated to the animation department that \"\"the trick\"\" to the animation of the CGI Yoda was to make him like the puppet from which he was based, in order to maintain a flow of continuity.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15037871", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Battlefront II (2005 video game)\"\n\"\"\"\" animated series. Obi-Wan Kenobi is portrayed by James Arnold Taylor, who played the role in the 2002 game \"\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars\"\" as well as the cartoon series. Scott Lawrence, known for his role as Sturgis Turner in the television series \"\"JAG\"\", also returns to voice Darth Vader, a role he has portrayed since the 1990s. Other veteran \"\"Star Wars\"\" voice actors such as Tom Kane, Steve Blum and T.C. Carson also provide voice overs. Temuera Morrison portrays his signature roles Boba Fett, Jango Fett and the game's clone trooper narrator, but does not provide the in-game clone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15039330", "chunk_text": "Jedi\n(1999), Jedi Master Qui-Gon Jinn (Liam Neeson) discovers nine-year-old Anakin Skywalker (Jake Lloyd), whom he believes to be the \"\"Chosen One\"\" of a Jedi prophecy who is destined to bring balance to the Force; the boy is eventually paired with Qui-Gon's apprentice, the young Obi-Wan Kenobi (Ewan McGregor), who promises to train him. The sequel, \"\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\", establishes that the Jedi forswear all emotional attachments, including romantic love, which proves problematic when Anakin, now a young adult (Hayden Christensen), falls in love with Padmé Amidala (Natalie Portman), whom Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "694236", "chunk_text": "\"Bail Organa\"\nNew Hope\"\", he is mentioned when R2-D2 repeats the hologram from \"\"A New Hope\"\" in an attempt to convince Luke Skywalker to help his sister Leia and the former Rebel Alliance, now renamed The Resistance. R2-D2 successfully convinces Luke. Released in 2002, and taking place twenty-two years before \"\"A New Hope\"\", the film \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\" finally shows Bail Organa, depicting him as an influential senator of Alderaan. He participates in a discussion about the Separatist Crisis and Count Dooku that includes Jedi Masters Yoda and Mace Windu. Chancellor Palpatine of Naboo, suggests that fellow Senator from Naboo, Padmé", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2549058", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars prequel trilogy\"\nof Naboo. Obi-Wan and his apprentice Anakin are assigned to protect her; Obi-Wan tracks the killer, while Anakin and Padmé retreat to Naboo. They soon fall in love with each other, albeit secretly due to the Jedi Order's rule against attachment. Meanwhile, Chancellor Palpatine schemes to draw the entire galaxy into the \"\"Clone War\"\" between the Republic army led by the Jedi, and the Confederacy of Independent Systems led by Count Dooku (the former master of Obi-Wan's deceased master Qui-Gon, and Palpatine's new Sith apprentice). The first draft of \"\"Episode II\"\" was completed just weeks before principal photography, and Lucas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451296", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\ntickets in the US in its initial theatrical run. Two novels based on the movie were published, a tie-in junior novel by Scholastic, and a novelization written by R. A. Salvatore, which includes some unique scenes. A four-issue comic book adaptation was written by Henry Gilroy and published by Dark Horse Comics. Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the \"\"Star Wars\"\" prequel trilogy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16372671", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)\"\ndroid army on the planet . Awaiting reinforcements, the two Jedi greet a shuttle carrying the young Jedi Ahsoka Tano, who insists that she has been assigned by Jedi Master Yoda to serve as Anakin's Padawan. Anakin begrudgingly accepts Ahsoka's apprenticeship, and the two succeed in deactivating the Separatists' energy field while Obi-Wan stalls the droid army commander, allowing a Republic victory. Ahsoka earns Anakin's respect. Following the battle, Yoda arrives and informs the Jedi that crime lord Jabba the Hutt's son Rotta has been kidnapped. Anakin and Ahsoka are tasked with retrieving the Huttlet, while Obi-Wan is sent to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3716838", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nthe film before the day of its release. In addition, authorities seized thousands of bootlegs throughout Kuala Lumpur before the film opened. \"\"Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones\"\" was released on DVD and VHS on November 12, 2002. The DVD features an audio commentary from director George Lucas, producer Rick McCallum, editor and sound designer Ben Burtt, ILM animation director Rob Coleman, and ILM visual effects supervisors Pablo Helman, John Knoll, and Ben Snow. Eight deleted scenes are included along with multiple documentaries, which include a full-length documentary about the creation of digital characters and two others that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3716845", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nnoting \"\"[As] someone who admired the freshness and energy of the earlier films, I was amazed, at the end of \"\"Episode II\"\", to realize that I had not heard one line of quotable, memorable dialogue.\"\" About Anakin and Padme's relationship, Ebert stated \"\"There is not a romantic word they exchange that has not long since been reduced to cliché.\"\" Leonard Maltin, who also liked all of the previous installments, only awarded two stars out of four to this endeavor as well, as seen in his \"\"Movie and Video Guide\"\" from the 2002 edition onward. Maltin cited an \"\"overlong story\"\" as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20474310", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003 TV series)\"\nthe Sith use a metaphysical power known as the Force, but in different manners: the Jedi draw on the \"\"light\"\" side which is fueled by selflessness and compassion, while the Sith draw on the \"\"dark\"\" side which is fueled by primal urges such as greed and hate. The main storyline of Volume One features the Jedi Knight Obi-Wan Kenobi (James Arnold Taylor) being assigned to lead an assault on the planet Muunilinst, home of the Intergalactic Banking Clan, benefactors of the Confederacy of Independent Systems wishing to break away from the Galactic Republic. His apprentice, Anakin Skywalker (Mat Lucas), is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7432196", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars Battlefront II (2017 video game)\"\nand make new lives for themselves. Choosing to help, they aid Leia Organa (Misty Lee) in protecting Naboo, destroying the satellites for Operation: Cinder and reactivating the planet's defenses. After Naboo is liberated, Inferno Squad joins the New Republic. Iden and Inferno Squad are then sent to Takodana to find Han Solo (John Armstrong), who was extracting an Imperial defector carrying critical data in hopes of liberating Kashyyyk and freeing the Wookiees. The data also reveals that Admiral Versio is commanding Imperial operations on Bespin and Sullust. Iden and Del infiltrate Bespin with the intent of capturing Admiral Versio, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451275", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nshakes were digitally added to computer-generated sequences. The prequel trilogy films often refer to the original trilogy in order to help connect the films together. Lucas has often referred to the films as a long poem that rhymes. Such examples include the line \"\"I have a bad feeling about this\"\", a phrase used in each film, and lightsaber duels which almost always occur over a pit. As with \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\", \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\" was the middle film in a trilogy, and of the original trilogy films, \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\" is the object of the most references", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12284599", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel)\"\nStar Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (novel) The Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones novelization was written by R. A. Salvatore and published on April 23, 2002 by Del Rey. It is based on the script of the . It includes much expansion of scenes and also many scenes which were cut from the movie. Some of them are original to the book. The biggest addition to the story is the fact that the Lars family are introduced and have their own subplot leading up to when they appear in the movie. We read how", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2062119", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nof producing motion-based storyboards in the past, after \"\"The Phantom Menace\"\" the decision was made to take advantage of the growing digital technology. The process began with Ben Burtt's creation of what the department dubbed as \"\"videomatics\"\", so called because they were shot on a household videocamera. In these videomatics, production assistants and relatives of the department workers acted out scenes in front of greenscreen. Using computer-generated imagery (CGI), the previsualization department later filled in the green screen with rough background footage. Burtt then cut together this footage and sent it off to Lucas for changes and approval. The result", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14451273", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones\"\nBonaparte, who rose to power in France from 1796 to 1799. Octavian was responsible for the deaths of hundreds of political opponents well before he was granted tribunician powers; Bonaparte was appointed First Consul for life (and later Emperor) by the French Consulate after a failed attempt on his life and the subsequent \"\"coup\"\" of 18 Brumaire in 1799. References to the American Civil War can also be discerned. English scholar Anne Lancashire describes \"\"Attack of the Clones\"\" as \"\"thoroughly political in its narrative\"\", to the point that interpersonal relations are made subordinate to the political drama that unfolds, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19600420", "chunk_text": "\"Clone Wars (Star Wars)\"\ndepicts the prelude to the opening battle of \"\"Revenge of the Sith\"\" and Palpatine's capture by General Grievous. Several years later, Lucas chose to reboot the series as a 3D CGI series developed by Dave Filoni. After several years of production on the new television series, Lucas decided to spin off the first four episodes as . The film, released in 2008, introduces Ahsoka Tano as Anakin's apprentice and depicts the Republic and the Separatists attempting to gain permission to travel through Jabba the Hutt's territory, as well as the Separatist invasion of Christophosis. The (2008–2014) is likewise set against", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7689515", "chunk_text": "\"Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Republic Heroes\"\nplace between and of the television series. The game's primary antagonists are bounty hunter Cad Bane, Skakoan mercenary Kul Teska and Sith Lord Count Dooku along with his apprentice Asajj Ventress. The game allows players to play as Jedi Knights, clone troopers and other characters, and contains 40 missions. The gameplay changes on certain missions. On missions with Jedi characters, it is platforming based. On missions with Clone characters, it is third-person shooting based. The game has a similar visual look to the on which it is based. The feel of the game is similar to LucasArts' 2005 video game,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3254	who plays dawn on nicky ricky dicky and dawn?	n/a	[ "Lizzy Greene" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12526707", "chunk_text": "\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\nNicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn is an American comedy television series developed by Michael Feldman and created by Matt Fleckenstein that aired on Nickelodeon from September 13, 2014 to August 4, 2018. The series stars Brian Stepanek, Allison Munn, Aidan Gallagher, Casey Simpson, Mace Coronel, Lizzy Greene, Gabrielle Elyse, and Kyla-Drew Simmons. The series focuses on quadruplets Nicky, Ricky, Dicky, and Dawn Harper, 10 years old at the start of the series, who have nothing in common and often fight, but must work together to solve everyday situations. The series was originally picked up for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12526708", "chunk_text": "\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\n13 episodes on March 13, 2014, but was later increased to 20 episodes. The series premiered on September 13, 2014. On November 18, 2014, the series was renewed for a second season. The second season premiered on May 23, 2015. On February 9, 2016, Nickelodeon renewed \"\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\" for a third season of 14 episodes. It was also confirmed that Matt Fleckenstein would step down as show runner. Actress Lizzy Greene announced on her Twitter account that production for season three started on April 26, 2016. The third season premiered on January 7, 2017. The series was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17280477", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Cunningham\"\n(Shebah Ronay). She works at Maddie Parker's (Yasmin Bannerman) mother's interior design shop and has continual problems with her mother's boyfriend, Terry Williams (Ian Puleston-Davies), but refuses to let anything get her down. Natasha dies after Rob Hawthorne (Warren Derosa) spikes her drink with drugs at Lucy Benson's (Kerrie Taylor) 18th birthday party. Dawn is so distressed that she tells Jambo Bolton (Will Mellor) about her daughter. Jambo gets in contact with Dawn's daughter and Dawn goes to see her. Dawn watches her from a distance while Jambo stands close by to provide her with a shoulder to cry on.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8898537", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Richard\"\nDawn Richard Dawn Angeliqué Richard, known professionally as Dawn Richard or D∆WN (born August 5, 1983), is an American singer-songwriter, actress and animator. Richard started her career after auditioning for \"\"Making the Band 3\"\" in 2004. During this time Richard became a member of American girl band Danity Kane, from 2005 to 2009, and reformed the group with 3 of the original 5 members in late 2013. In 2009 Richard joined Diddy-Dirty Money with label head Sean \"\"Diddy\"\" Combs and Kalenna Harper, disbanding in 2011. In 2011, following her departure from Bad Boy Records, Richard launched her solo career. Her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12526709", "chunk_text": "\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\nrenewed for a fourth season and had its episode order for the third season increased from 14 to 24 by Nickelodeon on March 20, 2017. On October 4, 2017, it was announced that Mace Coronel would be leaving both \"\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\", about five episodes before the end of the fourth season, and Nickelodeon. On November 15, 2017, Nickelodeon announced that the fourth season would be the last. Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn is an American comedy television series developed by Michael Feldman and created by Matt Fleckenstein that aired on Nickelodeon from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15164413", "chunk_text": "\"Julia Davis\"\nJulia Davis Julia Charlotte L Davis (born 25 August 1966) is an English comedian, actress, writer, and director. She is known for writing and starring in the BBC Three comedy \"\"Nighty Night\"\" (2004–2005) and the comedies \"\"Hunderby\"\" (2012–15) and \"\"Camping\"\" (2016), which she also directed. A seven-time BAFTA TV Award nominee, she won Best Comedy Writing for \"\"Hunderby\"\" in 2013. She is also known for playing Dawn Sutcliffe in \"\"Gavin & Stacey\"\" (2007–2009). Her film roles include \"\"Love Actually\"\" (2003), \"\"Cemetery Junction\"\" (2010) and \"\"Four Lions\"\" (2010). Davis was born in Lambeth, to a secretary mother and a civil servant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14461498", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Richard\"\nSwim during summer 2016 as a content creator. Dawn Richard Dawn Angeliqué Richard, known professionally as Dawn Richard or D∆WN (born August 5, 1983), is an American singer-songwriter, actress and animator. Richard started her career after auditioning for \"\"Making the Band 3\"\" in 2004. During this time Richard became a member of American girl band Danity Kane, from 2005 to 2009, and reformed the group with 3 of the original 5 members in late 2013. In 2009 Richard joined Diddy-Dirty Money with label head Sean \"\"Diddy\"\" Combs and Kalenna Harper, disbanding in 2011. In 2011, following her departure from Bad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14562597", "chunk_text": "\"Susi Wrenshaw\"\nSusi Wrenshaw Susi Wrenshaw is a British actress born in Sandwell in 1981. She trained at Manchester Metropolitan University School of Theatre from 2000 to 2003 and began her acting career in the UK stage première of Jim Cartwright's play Wedded. She played Dawn Riley in The Bill opposite Lisa Maxwell of Loose Women fame. Susi went on to play PC Sharon Grant in Coronation Street in 2011 with Simon Gregson and Kate Ford who play on screen on/off couple Steve and Tracey. Susi first appeared in Emmerdale in 2011 as receptionist Jean Robinson and again in 2013 as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9968376", "chunk_text": "\"Keeley Forsyth\"\nKeeley Forsyth Keeley Forsyth (born 1979, Oldham, Greater Manchester) is an English actress and musician. Her first acting role was as Nicky in the BBC children's television series \"\"The Biz\"\" in 1995, appearing alongside Paul Nicholls. She subsequently appeared in several television series, including \"\"Peak Practice\"\", \"\"Where the Heart Is\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"Heartbeat\"\", \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Dalziel and Pascoe\"\", \"\"Holby City\"\", \"\"The Line of Beauty\"\", \"\"Luther\"\", \"\"Criminal Justice\"\", \"\"Coronation Street\"\", \"\"Sons and Lovers\"\". She has also performed for Real Circumstance Theatre Company. In 2001, she appeared in an all-star \"\"Family Fortunes\"\": \"\"Heartbeat\"\" vs \"\"Peak Practice\"\" edition. In 2015 Forsyth appeared as Terri", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10395794", "chunk_text": "\"Carly Hillman\"\nconcentrate on starting a family and contrary to many media reports, Carly has only been married once (to husband Ben Probert) and they have two daughters together. Carly has never ruled out returning to Eastenders if the opportunity arose, however more recently she has been performing as a professional solo vocalist in the Essex and London regions www.carlyhillman.co.uk Carly also owns a stage school based in Romford, Essex, called Act One Stage School www.actonestageschool.co.uk Carly Hillman Carly Hillman (born 11 June 1983) is a British actress from Hornchurch in Essex best known for playing Nicky di Marco in the BBC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17280476", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Cunningham\"\nwas someone who had time for everyone and a shoulder to cry on.\"\" \"\"The Independent\"\" described her as the \"\"equally stunning\"\" friend of Natasha and questioned how she could balance \"\"wild weekends and the emotional demands of a divorced mother with a toyboy?\"\" before asking \"\"Will anyone care?\"\" Dawn is the eldest of Gordon (Bernard Latham) and Angela Cunningham's (Liz Stooke) children. At sixteen, Dawn has an affair with her best friend Ruth Osborne's (Terri Dwyer) father Jack (Jimmy McKenna). She becomes pregnant and gives birth to a daughter, Bethany, who she puts up for adoption. Dawn befriends Natasha Andersen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "498511", "chunk_text": "\"Allison Munn\"\nAllison Munn Allison Munn (born October 7, 1974) is an American actress. She played Caroline Dupree in the Fox sitcom \"\"That '70s Show\"\", Tina Haven in The WB sitcom \"\"What I Like About You\"\", Lauren in The WB/CW drama \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", and Anne Harper on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\". Munn was born and raised in Columbia, South Carolina. Her father was Russell Munn, a political lobbyist. Munn graduated from AC Flora High School and The College of Charleston. She moved to New York, where she won a role in the Off-Broadway classic \"\"The Fantasticks\"\". Munn", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14562598", "chunk_text": "\"Susi Wrenshaw\"\nparamedic. Susi is Co-Artistic Director of Salford theatre company Happystorm Theatre, established in 2010, who have produced plays including The Crypt Project, a What's On Stage pick of 2011. Susi Wrenshaw Susi Wrenshaw is a British actress born in Sandwell in 1981. She trained at Manchester Metropolitan University School of Theatre from 2000 to 2003 and began her acting career in the UK stage première of Jim Cartwright's play Wedded. She played Dawn Riley in The Bill opposite Lisa Maxwell of Loose Women fame. Susi went on to play PC Sharon Grant in Coronation Street in 2011 with Simon Gregson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14926401", "chunk_text": "\"Minka Kelly\"\nMinka Kelly Minka Kelly (born Minka Dumont Dufay; June 24, 1980) is an American actress. She is most known for her roles in the television shows \"\"Friday Night Lights\"\" (2006–2009), \"\"Parenthood\"\" (2010–2011), \"\"Charlie's Angels\"\" (2011) and \"\"Almost Human\"\" (2013). Kelly currently stars as Dawn Granger / Dove in \"\"Titans\"\" (2018–present). Kelly was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the only child of former Aerosmith guitarist Rick Dufay and the late Maureen Dumont Kelly. Kelly and her mother moved to various communities before settling in Chicago by the time Kelly was in junior high school. She has French, Irish and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "312527", "chunk_text": "\"Keeley Forsyth\"\nWeedon in the BBC TV mini series \"\"The Casual Vacancy\"\". In 2016, she appeared as Annette in the second series of \"\"Happy Valley\"\". Keeley Forsyth Keeley Forsyth (born 1979, Oldham, Greater Manchester) is an English actress and musician. Her first acting role was as Nicky in the BBC children's television series \"\"The Biz\"\" in 1995, appearing alongside Paul Nicholls. She subsequently appeared in several television series, including \"\"Peak Practice\"\", \"\"Where the Heart Is\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"Heartbeat\"\", \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Dalziel and Pascoe\"\", \"\"Holby City\"\", \"\"The Line of Beauty\"\", \"\"Luther\"\", \"\"Criminal Justice\"\", \"\"Coronation Street\"\", \"\"Sons and Lovers\"\". She has also performed for Real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16321917", "chunk_text": "\"Allison Munn\"\nShe gave birth to their daughter in 2015. Munn lends her name and support to the non-profit political organization Rock the Vote, where she is actively involved in encouraging young people to register to vote. Allison Munn Allison Munn (born October 7, 1974) is an American actress. She played Caroline Dupree in the Fox sitcom \"\"That '70s Show\"\", Tina Haven in The WB sitcom \"\"What I Like About You\"\", Lauren in The WB/CW drama \"\"One Tree Hill\"\", and Anne Harper on the Nickelodeon series \"\"Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn\"\". Munn was born and raised in Columbia, South Carolina. Her father", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10395792", "chunk_text": "\"Carly Hillman\"\nCarly Hillman Carly Hillman (born 11 June 1983) is a British actress from Hornchurch in Essex best known for playing Nicky di Marco in the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\" from 1998 to 2000. Carly's character (Nicky) was best friends with Sonia Jackson (Natalie Cassidy) and Martin Fowler (James Alexandriou) in the soap. Her most notorious storyline involved her falling in love with her tutor Rod Morris, which then led to Nicky being sexually assaulted by him. Other family members included brothers Gianni (Marc Bannerman) and Beppe (Michael Greco), sister Teresa (Leila Birch) and mother Rosa (Louise Jameson). Despite all being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6495628", "chunk_text": "\"Louise Harrison\"\nLouise Harrison Louise Harrison (born Louise Anna Imogen Harrison in Bowdon, Cheshire), is a British actress who trained at the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama. She is best known for her role as PC Donna Harris in the long running ITV drama \"\"The Bill and\"\" Dawn Prescott in \"\"Coronation Street\"\". She has also appeared in various other TV dramas and on stage. Her first role was in the series \"\"A Very Peculiar Practice\"\", where she played Suzanne. Shortly after she went on to play her first regular role as Dawn Prescott in Coronation Street and then a couple", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10834762", "chunk_text": "\"Steph Cunningham\"\nbranded by the media as \"\"fire week\"\". Some critics described her final storylines as \"\"upsetting\"\" and \"\"surprising\"\". Steph's relationship with Gilly Roach, played by Anthony Quinlan was viewed unfavourable by most. Stenson has been nominated for several different awards for her portrayal of Steph. Steph is the daughter of Frankie and Johnno Dean (Colin Wells). She has two brothers, Craig (Guy Burnett) and Jake (Kevin Sacre), and a sister, Debbie (Jodi Albert). She is not close to her siblings, and has a strained relationship with her mother, who prefers to involve herself in Craig and Jake's lives and boast about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1332564", "chunk_text": "\"Nikki Sanderson\"\nNikki Sanderson Nikki Ann Sanderson (born 28 March 1984) is an English actress and former glamour model who is known for playing Candice Stowe in the television soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\", Dawn Bellamy in \"\"Heartbeat\"\" and Maxine Minniver in \"\"Hollyoaks\"\". During her time at \"\"Coronation Street\"\" and since, she has also been a glamour model and television presenter on programmes such as \"\"\"\", \"\"Junior Eurovision\"\" and \"\"Ministry of Mayhem\"\". Sanderson was born in Blackpool, Lancashire and joined \"\"Coronation Street\"\" in 1999 and left in autumn 2005, when her character left Weatherfield to become a stylist for Status Quo. Prior to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1332570", "chunk_text": "\"Nikki Sanderson\"\nNikki Ann Sanderson was born on 28 March 1984 in Blackpool, UK. Sanderson dated her former \"\"Coronation Street\"\" co-star Danny Young from 2005 to February 2009. Nikki Sanderson Nikki Ann Sanderson (born 28 March 1984) is an English actress and former glamour model who is known for playing Candice Stowe in the television soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\", Dawn Bellamy in \"\"Heartbeat\"\" and Maxine Minniver in \"\"Hollyoaks\"\". During her time at \"\"Coronation Street\"\" and since, she has also been a glamour model and television presenter on programmes such as \"\"\"\", \"\"Junior Eurovision\"\" and \"\"Ministry of Mayhem\"\". Sanderson was born in Blackpool,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14334136", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Woods\"\nhe tells her about Dawn's letter from Scott. The letter was then discovered by Viv, and Dawn flies back from Spain just in time for Scott to wake up. Although Dawn initially forgives him, when Paddy Kirk (Dominic Brunt) drops out as a witness against Zoe at her trial, Dawn discovers that Scott had been blackmailing and threatening Paddy, and as a result Zoe is found not guilty of attempted murder. Scott then attacks Paddy and Donna, and while Dawn and Marlon Dingle (Mark Charnock) try to break up the fight, he punches her by mistake. A shaken Dawn locks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19582714", "chunk_text": "\"Sacha Parkinson\"\nSacha Parkinson Sacha Louise Parkinson is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Sian Powers in the ITV soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\" from 2009 to 2011. After leaving \"\"Coronation Street\"\", she went on to play Miriam Caterall in the Channel 4 drama \"\"The Mill\"\", and in late 2014, she appeared in \"\"The Driver\"\" playing Katie. In 2015–2016 she played Connie Hawkins, later Towler, in the third and fourth series of \"\"Mr Selfridge\"\". Parkinson was born in Salford, Greater Manchester. She is the only child of Cliff, a housing officer, and Leigh Parkinson, a former social", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9728876", "chunk_text": "\"Nicky Ladanowski\"\nFamily\"\" and with Ricky Gervais in \"\"Extras\"\" as Les Dennis's fiancé Simone Lewis. Having starred in all of the UK's medical drama's \"\"Doctors\"\", \"\"Holby City\"\" and \"\"Casualty\"\" she has recently been seen in two of the UK's other primetime shows \"\"\"\" for ITV and \"\"Waterloo Road\"\" for the BBC. Nicky Ladanowski Nicky Ladanowski is an Los Angeles-based English actress and writer working in television, film and theatre. She is known for various roles in an extensive film and television career including Merle Jackson in \"\"Coronation Street\"\", Mandy Cutler in \"\"Paradise Heights\"\" and Mand in \"\"Grease Monkeys\"\". She is often known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8898542", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Richard\"\nsigning with Bad Boy Worldwide Entertainment. She beat out numerous contestants to secure herself a spot, along with Aubrey O'Day, Aundrea Fimbres, Wanita Woodgett (now known as \"\"D. Woods\"\"), and Shannon Bex. The newly formed group became Danity Kane. The idea for the name came from one of Richard's drawings. An avid fan of manga, while Danity Kane was in the studio, Richard drew a female superhero which caught the attention of Combs. When asked what the character's name was, she replied, \"\"Danity Kane\"\". To Combs, this represented the girls of \"\"Making the Band 3\"\". He then decided that it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13627782", "chunk_text": "\"Samantha Seager\"\nSamantha Seager Samantha Seager (born 20 May 1974) is a British actress born in Atherton, Greater Manchester, England who played the role of Jodie Morton in the soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\". Since leaving \"\"Coronation Street\"\" Seager worked in television and theatre. She appeared in an episode of \"\"Little Britain\"\". In 2010 she was in a one-off episode of the BBCs \"\"Waterloo Road\"\" as Joeley Vale. She has played the role of Bobby the bus cleaner on the CBeebies programme \"\"Me Too!\"\". In 2014 she played Dawn in Invincible by Torben Betts at Richmond's Orange Tree Theatre, which then transferred to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8283410", "chunk_text": "\"Brandy Ledford\"\nBrandy Ledford Brandy Lee Ledford (born February 4, 1969) is an American actress, model and \"\"Penthouse\"\" magazine's 1992 \"\"Pet of the Year\"\". Ledford also posed numerous times for Club International, a pornographic magazine, from 1990 to 1991 using the alias Jisel. She played the role of Desiree on \"\"Modern Family\"\", starred as Dawn Masterton on \"\"Baywatch Hawaii\"\", and Doyle in the science fiction TV series \"\"Andromeda\"\". In addition to \"\"Andromeda\"\" and \"\"Baywatch Hawaii\"\", Ledford also starred in the SciFi Channel series \"\"The Invisible Man\"\" and the critically acclaimed \"\"Whistler\"\", for which she was nominated for two Best Actress awards, at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8292208", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Swann\"\nstarts favouring Summer over his son Jay (Jamie Borthwick), Jase postpones the wedding. In the midst of their arguing, Dawn is shocked to discover that May has returned, having had psychiatric treatment. Jase has unwittingly been working for May under her pseudonym Jenny, part of her renewed plan to steal Summer. May breaks into the Millers' house, knocks Dawn's brother Mickey (Joe Swash) unconscious and locks Dawn in her bedroom, accusing her of being a bad mother. During a scuffle, Dawn breaks her ankle and May attempts to leave with Summer but Mickey intervenes. Devastated, May deliberately causes a gas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4139305", "chunk_text": "\"Bethany Platt\"\nto her instead. Sarah plans to move to Italy with Jason and Bethany. However, at the train station, Sarah admits to a horrified Jason that she planted the drugs and he refuses to go with her. Sarah and Bethany then leave for Italy without him. A 14-year-old Bethany returns to Weatherfield in March 2015 and persuades Andy Carver (Oliver Farnworth) to buy her drinks in The Rovers, annoying Andy's girlfriend, Steph Britton (Tisha Merry). When Gail comes in, she reveals Bethany's identity and age, horrifying landlady Michelle Connor (Kym Marsh). Gail later phones Sarah and discovers Bethany has run away", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8898557", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Richard\"\nOn March 12, 2016 Dawn started her Redemption Live show tour and performed the first ever YouTube live 360 performance. On August 10, 2016 Richard made a cameo appearance on Season 2 of the TV series \"\"Rosewood\"\" with Morris Chestnut and Gabrielle Dennis. On September 15, 2016, Richard began filming the lead role, Joyce, in the 2017 movie \"\"Kinky\"\", written by Jean-Claude Lamarre and starring Robert Ri'chard, Gary Dourdan and Vivica A. Fox. On November 10, 2016, \"\"Redemption\"\" was made available to stream exclusively on NPR one week ahead of its release. The album was officially released on November 18,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19897034", "chunk_text": "\"Sami Gayle\"\nSami Gayle Sami Gayle (born January 22, 1996) is an American actress. She co-stars as Nicky Reagan in the CBS series \"\"Blue Bloods\"\". Gayle was born and raised in Weston, Florida. Her mother previously owned her own business and now works as her manager. Her father is an attorney. Gayle was home-schooled and followed Advanced Placement (AP) curriculums in all subjects. She was nationally ranked in Public Forum Debate and has received two bids to compete at the Tournament of Champions, putting her among the top debaters nationwide. Gayle began her acting career as Baby June in the off-Broadway production", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8898558", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Richard\"\n2016. She provided guest vocals on the song \"\"Cool Your Heart\"\" from Dirty Projectors' self-titled album, which was released February 21, 2017. Richard has been vegan since 2013. She posed naked for one PETA ad campaign promoting the lifestyle, and appeared in another protesting the use of leather. Danity Kane, Day26, and Donnie J. Klang were featured on the second season of \"\"Making the Band 4\"\". The series showed the two groups doing performances and living together, and the relationships between members of the bands. The series showed Richard's relationship with Day26's Qwanell Mosley grow, and the two entering into", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19258383", "chunk_text": "\"Sharon Watts\"\nhas some unfinished business to sort out—and has some demons to face as well. I've always held Sharon's character close to my heart. I always said: 'Never say never'. There's nothing worse than making a huge statement about never doing it again, and then going back [...] It was very exciting to be working with new cast members. But seeing members of the cast who I grew up with like Adam Woodyatt (Ian Beale), Todd Carty (Mark Fowler), Wendy Richard (Pauline Fowler) and Steve McFadden (Phil Mitchell) was just fantastic. It gave me some much-needed confidence and reassurance, knowing that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7737329", "chunk_text": "\"Kara Tointon\"\nKara Tointon Kara Louise Tointon (born 5 August 1983) is an English actress, best known for playing Dawn Swann in BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\", as the 2010 winner of BBC television series \"\"Strictly Come Dancing\"\" and as Maria in the ITV live production of \"\"The Sound of Music Live\"\" in December 2015 alongside Julian Ovenden as Captain von Trapp. Tointon was born to parents Ken and Carol Tointon. Together with her actress sister, Hannah (born 1987), Tointon was brought up in Leigh-on-Sea. Both sisters attended St Michael's School, Leigh, and St Hilda's School, Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex. Tointon was diagnosed with dyslexia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14676096", "chunk_text": "\"Dawn Swann\"\nhis wife to impress business associates. During a function, she meets Rob Minter (Stuart Laing) and they begin dating. She knows he is separated but Rob ends their relationship when his wife wants to give their marriage another chance. Dawn discovers she is pregnant with Rob's child and plans to have an abortion. May (Amanda Drew), who is unable to conceive, asks Dawn to sell her the baby for £19,000. Dawn agrees, taking extravagant gifts and money in the process, but never intends to give the baby to May, and when Rob rebuffs her advances, she again plans to have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1614622", "chunk_text": "\"Ricky Williams (The Young and the Restless)\"\nRicky Williams (The Young and the Restless) Ricky Williams is a fictional character from the CBS Daytime soap opera \"\"The Young and the Restless\"\". The character was created as the son of Paul Williams (Doug Davidson) and Isabella Braña (Eva Longoria), born onscreen on May 10, 2002. After being portrayed by a series of unidentified infant child actors, the character was raised by Isabella's parents in Los Angeles, California. In 2011, Ricky was rapidly aged to an adult, with Peter Porte being cast to play the character. Zap2it described Ricky as \"\"a one-dimensional villain with daddy and mommy issues\"\". Upon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11191560", "chunk_text": "\"Rebekka Johnson\"\nRebekka Johnson Rebekka Johnson is an American actress, comedian and writer, from Staten Island, New York. Johnson is best known for playing Dawn Rivecca on Netflix's wrestling comedy \"\"GLOW\"\". She was featured on MTV's prank show \"\"Boiling Points\"\". Johnson has been performing with her musical comedy group The Apple Sisters along with Kimmy Gatewood and Sarah Lowe since 2007. Johnson is co-creator of The Apple Sisters, a World War II musical comedy trio. The group, which consists of Kimmy Gatewood, Rebekka Johnson, and Sarah Lowe, started in 2007 in New York City. They received wide acclaim at the 2008 Montreal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "838717", "chunk_text": "\"Rosie Miller\"\nRosie Miller Rosie Miller is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"\"EastEnders\"\", played by Gerry Cowper. Her first appearance was 9 September 2004 and she was axed in 2006, with her final scenes airing July 2006. Rosie is the mother of Mickey Miller (Joe Swash), Dawn Swann (Kara Tointon), Demi Miller (Shana Swash) and Darren Miller (Charlie G. Hawkins). Described as \"\"hardworking\"\", she is heavily protective over her family and makes enemies such as Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard). Rosie's mother committed suicide when she was young, leaving her with her brother, Clint, and other siblings. Rosie was married", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4183621", "chunk_text": "\"Gilly Roach\"\nBeth Clement (Sinéad Moynihan), Cheryl Brady (Bronagh Waugh) and Jem Costello (Helen Russell-Clark). In 2009, executive producer Lucy Alan made changes to the character and reached a mutual agreement with Quinlan to shave off his hair, which has characterised Gilly during his early years. In 2010 he was paired with Steph Cunningham (Carley Stenson), who was later killed off after Stenson quit her role. This resulted in a long-running storyline for Gilly in which he was seen taking a \"\"dark journey\"\" unable to cope with grief. Another big storyline for the character occurs in 2011 when Jacqui McQueen (Claire Cooper)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9595042", "chunk_text": "\"Helen Latham\"\nHelen Latham Helen Latham (born 2 March 1976, in the UK) is a British actress. She is best known for playing Lucy Milligan in series 4 and 5 of the British TV drama \"\"Footballers' Wives\"\" and in series 1 and 2 of its spin-off \"\"\"\". She has also appeared in many other popular UK television shows, including \"\"The Bill\"\" (Christine Weaver), Brookside (Jayne Ferris), Cutting It (Shania Tonks), Dalziel and Pascoe (Sally Craig), \"\"Dream Team\"\" (Natalie Hocknell) as well as the film \"\"Sex Lives of the Potato Men\"\". Starred as Dinah in the roller-skating musical \"\"Starlight Express\"\" and is a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3422668", "chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Berrington\"\nElizabeth Berrington Elizabeth Ann Berrington (born 3 August 1970 in Wallasey on the Wirral in Cheshire) is an English actress and graduate of the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art, she is best known for her roles as Ruby Fry in \"\"Waterloo Road\"\", Paula Kosh in \"\"Stella\"\", Mel Debrou in \"\"Moving Wallpaper\"\" and Dawn Stevenson in \"\"The Syndicate\"\". She has also featured in British television series such as \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"Doc Martin\"\", \"\"Doctor Who\"\", \"\"The Office\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"The Lakes\"\", \"\"The Grimleys\"\" and \"\"Rose and Maloney\"\". From 1996 to 1999, Berrington starred alongside Emma Wray and Tony Robinson in the ITV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9033675", "chunk_text": "Weatherfield\n(Sue Johnston) and Stella Price (Michelle Collins) both leave Weatherfield. As Leanne splits with Nick, he renames it \"\"Just Nick's\"\". Later, due to staffing problems, he re-hires Leanne. She agrees but only if she can be promoted to manageress. She then plans a stylish revamp. Steph Britton (Tisha Merry) also begins working at the bistro as a waitress sometime in 2014 and is later joined by Gavin Rodwell. However, \"\"Gavin\"\" almost loses his job in January 2015 when he reveals to Steph that his real name is in fact Andy Carver (Oliver Farnworth) and that he has stolen his friend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7044139", "chunk_text": "\"Lucy Davis\"\nLondon. The wedding was attended by fellow \"\"The Office\"\" stars and writers. Davis was entitled to marry there as her father is an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) and St Paul's contains the chapel of the order. The couple separated in January 2011 and divorced in October 2011. She participated in PETA's campaign against the Guards Division's continued use of traditional bearskin caps. Lucy Davis Lucy Clare Davis (born 17 February 1973) is an English actress. She played the role of Dawn Tinsley in the BBC comedy \"\"The Office\"\", as well as Dianne in the horror-comedy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19657863", "chunk_text": "\"Christie Whelan Browne\"\nstarred in a new one woman show \"\"Show People\"\" written by the makers of \"\"Britney Spears: The Cabaret\"\" and it played at the 2015 Adelaide Cabaret Festival. She played Eileen Evergreen in The Production Company's \"\"Nice Work If You Can Get It\"\". She featured in \"\"The Wrong Girl\"\" for Network 10 and feature film \"\"Spin Out\"\". Whelan-Browne appeared in Melbourne Theatre Company's production of \"\"The Odd Couple\"\". from November 2016, and as Billie Dawn in its 2017 production of \"\"Born Yesterday\"\" Christie Whelan Browne Christie Whelan Browne (born 6 August 1982) is an Australian actress who has worked extensively in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1910114", "chunk_text": "\"Kelly-Anne Lyons\"\nFilm and Television Arts Awards. Kelly-Anne Lyons Kelly-Anne Lyons (born 17 March 1985) is an American actress, television presenter, writer and model. Lyons' breakthrough role was as the female lead, Kelly-Anne Manhattan, in the BBC comedy \"\"Dick and Dom's Funny Business\"\". Before this, Lyons played the title role in \"\"Chelsey: OMG!\"\", produced by British comedy and entertainment company Channel X. She is known for her characters in hidden camera sketch shows such as ITV1’s \"\"Fool Britannia\"\" with Dom Joly and BBC1’s \"\"Richard Hammond’s Secret Service\"\", as well as MTV’s \"\"Flash Prank\"\", Channel 5 (UK) ’s \"\"Secret Interview\"\", and National Geographic’s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10834760", "chunk_text": "\"Steph Cunningham\"\nSteph Cunningham Steph Roach (also Dean and Cunningham) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"\"Hollyoaks\"\", played by Carley Stenson. She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 8 March 2000. Steph was introduced into the serial by executive producer Jo Hallows. In 2009 Stenson decided to quit, but the then producer Lucy Allan convinced her to stay to play out a dramatic storyline. The announcement of her departure was made public in June 2010. Stenson's fellow cast members have described her as a \"\"\"\"Hollyoaks\"\" legend\"\" because of her lengthy duration. Steph has been described as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19582719", "chunk_text": "\"Sacha Parkinson\"\nit was confirmed that Parkinson was joining the cast of ITV drama \"\"Safe House\"\" for its second series. Sacha Parkinson Sacha Louise Parkinson is an English actress. She is best known for playing the role of Sian Powers in the ITV soap opera \"\"Coronation Street\"\" from 2009 to 2011. After leaving \"\"Coronation Street\"\", she went on to play Miriam Caterall in the Channel 4 drama \"\"The Mill\"\", and in late 2014, she appeared in \"\"The Driver\"\" playing Katie. In 2015–2016 she played Connie Hawkins, later Towler, in the third and fourth series of \"\"Mr Selfridge\"\". Parkinson was born in Salford,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3279989", "chunk_text": "\"Ricky Whittle\"\n16 audition tapes over the five-month process. In September 2017 Whittle was cast opposite Sanaa Lathan in the Netflix original film, \"\"Nappily Ever After\"\" based on the novel of same name by Trisha R. Thomas. On April 16, 2018, it was announced that Whittle signed with talent agency William Morris Endeavor. Whittle dated his \"\"Hollyoaks\"\" co-star Carley Stenson from 2007 to 2009. The two have remained close friends. Whittle was dating Kirstina Colonna from 2016 - 2018. Ricky Whittle Richard Whittle (born 31 December 1981) is an English actor. Whittle first came to prominence as a model for Reebok in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16223215", "chunk_text": "\"Ally Maki\"\nAlly Maki Ally Maki is an American actress. She is best known for starring as Jess Kato in the TBS comedy series \"\"Wrecked\"\" (2016–present). Maki is known for appearing in the television film \"\"\"\" (2008), as well as her many cameo appearances in films and television series, such as \"\"Step Up 3D\"\" (2010). She had supporting roles in the comedy-drama films \"\"The Family Tree\"\" (2011) and \"\"Geography Club\"\" (2013). From 2009 to 2010, Maki had a recurring role as Dawn in the comedy-drama series \"\"10 Things I Hate About You\"\". She was in the final considerations to play the role", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13107467", "chunk_text": "\"Elizabeth Keener\"\nElizabeth Keener Elizabeth Keener (born December 1, 1966) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Dawn Denbo on the Showtime American lesbian drama, \"\"The L Word\"\". Keener joined \"\"The L Word\"\" during Season 5 as entrepreneur Dawn Denbo (AKA Double D), who started a rival lesbian bar with her lover Cindi (played by Alicia Leigh Willis) having both recently moved to LA from Miami to open a lesbian club, called SheBar. She remained from episode 4 named: \"\"Let's Get This Party Started\"\" until the last episode of season 5 named \"\"Loyal and True\"\". Keener was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3255	who played tom in four weddings and a funeral?	n/a	[ "James Fleet" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16786827", "chunk_text": "\"James Fleet\"\nJames Fleet James Edward Fleet (born 11 March 1952) is a British actor. He is most famous for his roles as the bumbling and well-meaning Tom in the 1994 British romantic comedy film \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" and the dim-witted but kind Hugo Horton in the BBC sitcom television series \"\"The Vicar of Dibley\"\". Fleet was born in Bilston, Staffordshire, to a Scottish mother, Christine, and an English father, Jim. He lived in Bilston until he was ten, but when his father died, he moved to Aberdeenshire with his mother. He studied engineering at university in Aberdeen, where he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13100601", "chunk_text": "\"James Fleet\"\nJohn Dashwood in 1995's \"\"Sense and Sensibility\"\" and that of Lytton Strachey in the 2003 film \"\"Al Sur de Granada\"\" (\"\"South from Granada\"\"). In 2014 he played John Constable in the Mike Leigh film \"\"Mr Turner\"\". He played Kevin’s dad in the 2000 cult film \"\"Kevin and Perry Go Large\"\". James Fleet James Edward Fleet (born 11 March 1952) is a British actor. He is most famous for his roles as the bumbling and well-meaning Tom in the 1994 British romantic comedy film \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" and the dim-witted but kind Hugo Horton in the BBC sitcom television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228159", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nFour Weddings and a Funeral Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy film directed by Mike Newell. It was the first of several films by screenwriter Richard Curtis to feature Hugh Grant, and follows the adventures of Charles (Grant) and his circle of friends through a number of social occasions as they each encounter romance. Andie MacDowell stars as Charles' love interest Carrie, with Kristin Scott Thomas, James Fleet, Simon Callow, John Hannah, Charlotte Coleman, David Bower, Corin Redgrave and Rowan Atkinson in supporting roles. It was made in six weeks and cost under £3 million,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15833948", "chunk_text": "\"David Bower\"\nDavid Bower David Bower (born 1969) is a Welsh actor, best known for his role as David in the hit romantic comedy \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\". Born in Wrexham, North Wales, he is deaf and took his degree in the \"\"Theatre of the Deaf\"\". After university he joined what became the \"\"Signdance Collective\"\" working as sign dancer and choreographer. The collective was re-established in 2001 with Bower as Artistic Director and Isolte Avila as Dance Director. In 2012 the collective is devising a new production \"\"Desire\"\", featuring the songs of the band Dead Days Beyond Help, which will premier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15833950", "chunk_text": "\"David Bower\"\nhe developed tinnitus which affected the nature of his residual hearing. His deafness progressed and years later he became profoundly deaf. David Bower David Bower (born 1969) is a Welsh actor, best known for his role as David in the hit romantic comedy \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\". Born in Wrexham, North Wales, he is deaf and took his degree in the \"\"Theatre of the Deaf\"\". After university he joined what became the \"\"Signdance Collective\"\" working as sign dancer and choreographer. The collective was re-established in 2001 with Bower as Artistic Director and Isolte Avila as Dance Director. In 2012", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10235080", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral (miniseries)\"\nwould make a guest appearance in a nod to her starring role in the 1994 film, albeit not as her original character Carrie from the film. On December 7, 2018, it was announced that Tom Mison and Ashley Madekwe had been cast in recurring roles and that Tommy Dewey would make a guest appearance. Principal photography for the series commenced on November 26, 2018, in London, England. Four Weddings and a Funeral (miniseries) Four Weddings and a Funeral is an upcoming American comedy web television miniseries, based on the 1994 British film of the same name written by Richard Curtis,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228160", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nbecoming an unexpected success and the highest-grossing British film in history at the time, with worldwide box office in excess of $245.7 million, and receiving Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay. In addition to this, Grant won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and the film also won the BAFTA Awards Best Film, Best Direction and Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Scott Thomas. The success of the film propelled Hugh Grant to international stardom, particularly in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228195", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nit is a twist. It will air in the UK during Red Nose Day on Friday 15 March 2019 and later in the US on their Red Nose Day on May 23, 2019. Four Weddings and a Funeral Four Weddings and a Funeral is a 1994 British romantic comedy film directed by Mike Newell. It was the first of several films by screenwriter Richard Curtis to feature Hugh Grant, and follows the adventures of Charles (Grant) and his circle of friends through a number of social occasions as they each encounter romance. Andie MacDowell stars as Charles' love interest Carrie,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13281406", "chunk_text": "Bilston\nlife in Bilston. James Fleet (born 1954) is a British actor. He is most famous for his roles as the bumbling and well-meaning Tom in the 1994 British romantic comedy film \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\", and the dim-witted Hugo Horton in the BBC situation comedy television series \"\"The Vicar of Dibley\"\". David Daker, born in Bilston in 1935, is a British actor. His best-known roles are in television. He played PC Owen Culshaw in Z-Cars, Jarvis in Porridge, Captain Nathan Spiker in Dick Turpin and Harry Crawford in Boon. Don Powell, drummer in the band Slade, was born in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228179", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nMike Newell and the film's producers to approve of Grant. The original choice for the role of Carrie was Jeanne Tripplehorn, but she had to drop out because of a death in her family. Marisa Tomei and, reportedly, Sarah Jessica Parker, were also considered before Andie MacDowell was cast. Grant's participation hit another stumbling block when his agent requested a £5,000 rise over the £35,000 salary Grant was offered. The producers initially refused because of the extremely tight budget, but eventually agreed. The supporting cast-members were paid £17,500 apiece. Pre-production for the movie was a long process because funding was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068188", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nerratic, falling through in mid-1992 and leading to much uncertainty. Finally in early 1993, Working Title Films stepped in to close the gap. Nonetheless, another $1.2 million was cut just before production began in the summer of 1993, forcing the film to be made in just 36 days with a final budget of £2.7 million (appr. $4.4 million in 1994). The budget was so tight that extras had to wear their own wedding clothes, while Rowan Atkinson was retained as the Vicar for two of the weddings so production wouldn't have to pay another actor. Future Home Secretary and MP", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228194", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nhad joined the cast of the series. On 5 December 2018, it was announced that Richard Curtis has written \"\"One Red Nose Day and a Wedding\"\", a 25th anniversary reunion short film, to be directed by the original film's director, Mike Newell. It will reunite the film's surviving cast, including Hugh Grant, Andie MacDowell, Kristin Scott Thomas, John Hannah, Rowan Atkinson, James Fleet, David Haig, Sophie Thompson, David Bower, Robin McCaffrey, Anna Chancellor, Rupert Vansittart, Simon Kunz, Sara Crowe and Timothy Walker. The 12-minute film will be set at a wedding, though exactly whose wedding has not been revealed, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068193", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nof which were accepted. The original score was composed by British composer Richard Rodney Bennett. The movie also featured a soundtrack of popular songs, including a cover version of The Troggs' \"\"Love Is All Around\"\" performed by Wet Wet Wet that remained at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart for fifteen weeks and was then the ninth (now twelfth) biggest selling single of all time in Britain. This song would later be adapted into \"\"Christmas Is All Around\"\" and sung by the character of Billy Mack in Richard Curtis' 2003 film \"\"Love Actually\"\", in which Grant also stars. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068189", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nAmber Rudd was given the credit of \"\"Aristocracy Coordinator\"\" after she arranged for several aristocrats to make uncredited appearances as wedding extras, including the then - Marquess of Hartington, Peregrine Cavendish and the Earl of Woolton, who conveniently wore their own morning suits. To make Grant look more nerdy, the producers styled him with shaggy hair, glasses, and deliberately unflattering, ill-fitting clothes. Grant was encouraged by director Mike Newell to mess up and trip over his lines, written in \"\"convoluted syntax\"\" as Grant describes them, in order to give Charles a stammering, nervous quality. Grant, who struggled with hay fever", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15549492", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Rudd (stockbroker)\"\nother children, Amanda and Melissa. Rudd owned a townhouse in Kensington, and Chalcot House near Bath where in later life they entertained a circle of political and business friends such as Peter Walker, Arnold Weinstock, and Alan Clark. When their daughter Amber got the job of \"\"aristocracy co-ordinator\"\" for the film \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\", she hired her parents as extras for £100 per day and Tony Rudd appeared in the wedding scenes; he was required to use his own morning suit to save on production costs. Rudd died on 29 May 2017. Just days after his death, his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10235079", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral (miniseries)\"\nOn May 2, 2018, it was announced that Hulu had given the production a series order. On October 26, 2018, it was announced that Jessica Williams, Nikesh Patel, Rebecca Rittenhouse, and John Paul Reynolds had been cast in starring roles. On November 21, 2018, it was reported that Williams' lead role of Jess had been reconceived into a new character named Maya and that Williams had been recast in the role by Nathalie Emmanuel. Additionally, it was further reported that Brandon Mychal Smith, Zoe Boyle, Jennie Jacques, Harish Patel and Guz Khan had joined the cast and that Andie MacDowell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2181100", "chunk_text": "\"John Hannah (actor)\"\nstories from their relationship, such as the visit to London's 'Sri Siam' restaurant where he proposed to her in writing on the tablecloth. They live in Richmond, London with their two children. Soon after his role as the epileptic police officer Franky Drinkall in \"\"Out Of The Blue\"\", he showed his support for the Epilepsy Association of Scotland. He was, for a long time, a spokesman for Oxfam's Cut Conflict Campaign. John Hannah (actor) John David Hannah (born 23 April 1962) is a Scottish film and television actor. He came to prominence in Richard Curtis's \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19345517", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral (miniseries)\"\nFour Weddings and a Funeral (miniseries) Four Weddings and a Funeral is an upcoming American comedy web television miniseries, based on the 1994 British film of the same name written by Richard Curtis, that is set to premiere on Hulu. The series was created by Mindy Kaling and Matt Warburton and stars Nathalie Emmanuel, Nikesh Patel, Rebecca Rittenhouse, and John Paul Reynolds. \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" follows \"\"four American friends — Maya, Craig, Ainsley, and Duffy — who reunite for a fabulous London wedding. But after a bombshell at the altar throws their lives into turmoil, they must weather", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3527921", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Newell (director)\"\nMike Newell (director) Michael Cormac Newell (born 28 March 1942) is an English director and producer of motion pictures for film and television. Newell won the 1994 BAFTA Award for Best Direction for \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\". Newell was born in St Albans, Hertfordshire, the son of amateur actors. Newell was educated at St Albans School and Magdalene College, Cambridge. He then attended a three-year training course at Granada Television, with the intention of entering the theatre. Newell directed various British TV shows from the 1960s onwards (such as \"\"Spindoe\"\", credited as Cormac Newell, and \"\"Big Breadwinner Hog\"\"), but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5647957", "chunk_text": "\"Hugh Grant\"\nHugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant (born 9 September 1960) is an English actor and film producer. Grant has received a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, and an Honorary César for his work. , his films have grossed a total of nearly US$3 billion worldwide from 29 theatrical releases. He first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in the film \"\"Maurice\"\" (1987) but achieved international success after appearing in \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" (1994). He used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s, delivering comic performances in films such as \"\"Mickey Blue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13486933", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Newell (director)\"\nMichael Balcon Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Cinema on behalf of the \"\"Harry Potter\"\" film series. Continuing to work on adaptations, Newell directed \"\"Great Expectations\"\" (2012) from the novel by Charles Dickens, with Ralph Fiennes, Helena Bonham Carter, and Jeremy Irvine in starring roles. The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival. Mike Newell (director) Michael Cormac Newell (born 28 March 1942) is an English director and producer of motion pictures for film and television. Newell won the 1994 BAFTA Award for Best Direction for \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\". Newell was born in St", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12401291", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Macfadyen\"\nKeeley Hawes. They were married in November 2004. The couple have two children, daughter Maggie (b. December 2004) and son Ralph (b. September 2006). Macfadyen is stepfather to Hawes's son, Myles, from her previous marriage. The couple are both patrons of the Lace Market Theatre in Nottingham. Matthew Macfadyen David Matthew Macfadyen (born 17 October 1974) is an English actor. He played MI5 Intelligence Officer Tom Quinn in the BBC television drama series \"\"Spooks\"\", Mr. Darcy in the 2005 film of \"\"Pride & Prejudice\"\" and Daniel in the Frank Oz comedy \"\"Death at a Funeral\"\". He also portrayed John Birt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18843349", "chunk_text": "\"Kristin Scott Thomas\"\nKristin Scott Thomas Dame Kristin Ann Scott Thomas (born 24 May 1960) is an English actress. A five-time BAFTA Award nominee and five-time Olivier Award nominee, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" (1994) and the Olivier Award for Best Actress in 2008 for the Royal Court revival of \"\"The Seagull\"\". She was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for \"\"The English Patient\"\" (1996). Scott Thomas made her film debut in the Prince-directed \"\"Under the Cherry Moon\"\" (1986), and won the Evening Standard Film Award for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12676486", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Curtis\"\nRichard Curtis Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis, (born 8 November 1956), is a British screenwriter, producer, and film director, who was born in New Zealand to Australian parents. One of Britain's most successful comedy screenwriters, he is known primarily for his romantic comedy films, among them \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" (1994), \"\"Notting Hill\"\" (1999), \"\"Bridget Jones's Diary\"\" (2001), \"\"Love Actually\"\" (2003), and \"\"About Time\"\" (2013). He is also known for the drama \"\"War Horse\"\" (2011), and for having co-written the hit sitcoms \"\"Blackadder\"\", \"\"Mr. Bean\"\", and \"\"The Vicar of Dibley\"\". In 2007, Curtis received the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068196", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nGrant and Andie MacDowell.\"\" Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it \"\"delightful and sly\"\", and directed with \"\"light-hearted enchantment\"\" by Newell. He praised Grant's performance, describing it as a kind of \"\"endearing awkwardness\"\". Producer Duncan Kenworthy attributes much of the stimulus for \"\"Four Weddings\"\"' box office success to its first glowing review by Todd McCarthy in \"\"Variety\"\", who called it a \"\"truly beguiling romantic comedy\"\" which was \"\"frequently hilarious without being sappily sentimental or tiresomely retrograde.\"\" The film had its detractors. Writing for the \"\"Chicago Reader\"\", Jonathan Rosenbaum called the film \"\"generic\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228177", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\ncasting process for \"\"Four Weddings\"\" in early 1992, and continued scouting possible actors even after funding fell through in mid-1992. Roughly 70 actors auditioned for the role of Charles before Hugh Grant did. Hugh Grant was ready to give up acting as a career when he received the script for \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\"; he stated in 2016 that: \"\"I wasn't really getting any work at all, and then to my great surprise this script came through the letterbox from my agent, and it was really good. And I rang on and said there must be a mistake, you've", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7503627", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nthroughout filming, was unsure of Newell's direction and his own performance, which he thought was \"\"atrocious\"\"; on Newell he commented that: \"\"He seemed to be giving direction against what I thought were the natural beats of the comedy. He was making a film with texture, grounding it, playing the truths rather than the gags.” The film was shot mainly in London and the Home Counties, including Hampstead, Islington where the final moments take place on Highbury Terrace, Greenwich Hospital, Betchworth in Surrey, Amersham in Buckinghamshire, St Bartholomew-the-Great (wedding number four) and West Thurrock in Essex. Exterior shots of guests arriving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13706923", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Macfadyen\"\nMatthew Macfadyen David Matthew Macfadyen (born 17 October 1974) is an English actor. He played MI5 Intelligence Officer Tom Quinn in the BBC television drama series \"\"Spooks\"\", Mr. Darcy in the 2005 film of \"\"Pride & Prejudice\"\" and Daniel in the Frank Oz comedy \"\"Death at a Funeral\"\". He also portrayed John Birt in the political drama \"\"Frost/Nixon\"\", and Detective Inspector Edmund Reid in the BBC series \"\"Ripper Street\"\". In 2015 he starred in the Sky Living series \"\"The Enfield Haunting\"\" as Guy Lyon Playfair. In June 2010, Macfadyen won a British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228178", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nsent me a good script.\"\" Initially, writer Richard Curtis, who had modelled the character of Charles after himself, was opposed to casting Grant in the role because he thought he was too handsome. According to Curtis: \"\"I thought people would not believe the fact he was in trouble with girls, because he so clearly wouldn't be...He was by far the best person who auditioned but I still voted against him when it came down to the vote between two people.\"\" Curtis' favoured choice was Alex Jennings, while Alan Rickman was also considered at one point. He was eventually persuaded by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "610072", "chunk_text": "\"John Hannah (actor)\"\nJohn Hannah (actor) John David Hannah (born 23 April 1962) is a Scottish film and television actor. He came to prominence in Richard Curtis's \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" (1994), for which he was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His other film appearances include \"\"Sliding Doors\"\" (1998) and \"\"The Mummy\"\" trilogy (1999–2008). His television roles include: Dr Iain McCallum in \"\"McCallum\"\" (1995–1998); D.I. John Rebus in \"\"Rebus\"\" (2000–2001); Jack Roper in \"\"New Street Law\"\" (2006–2007); Jake Osbourne in \"\"Cold Blood\"\" (2007–2008), Quintus Lentulus Batiatus in \"\"Spartacus\"\" (2010–2011), Jack Cloth in \"\"A Touch of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068194", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nbox office receipts from the first five days of the film's general release in North America averaged $27,697 per screen, which so impressed the movie's distributor that it decided to spend lavishly on promotion, buying full-page newspaper ads and tv-spots totaling some $11 million, against a budget that had only amounted to $4.4 million. The movie also benefited from much free publicity because of Grant's reception in the United States, where he became an instant sex symbol and undertook a successful media tour promoting the film. Producer Duncan Kenworthy stated that \"\"It was the most amazing luck that when Hugh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15976690", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte Coleman\"\nCharlotte Coleman Charlotte Ninon Coleman (3 April 1968 – 14 November 2001) was an English actress best known for playing Scarlett in the film \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\", Jess in the television drama \"\"Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit\"\", and her childhood roles of Sue in \"\"Worzel Gummidge\"\" and the character Marmalade Atkins. Coleman died of an acute asthma attack in Holloway, North London, aged 33. Coleman was the first of two daughters born to actress Ann Beach and Canadian-born television producer Francis Coleman. Her younger sister is the actress Lisa Coleman. She was educated at Camden School for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14216950", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte Coleman\"\nCharlotte Coleman Charlotte Ninon Coleman (3 April 1968 – 14 November 2001) was an English actress best known for playing Scarlett in the film \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\", Jess in the television drama \"\"Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit\"\", and her childhood roles of Sue in \"\"Worzel Gummidge\"\" and the character Marmalade Atkins. Coleman died of an acute asthma attack in Holloway, North London, aged 33. Coleman was the first of two daughters born to actress Ann Beach and Canadian-born television producer Francis Coleman. Her younger sister is the actress Lisa Coleman. She was educated at Camden School for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7503607", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nthe United States. In 1999, \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" placed 23rd on the British Film Institute's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century. In 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for \"\"Time Out\"\" magazine ranked it the 74th best British film ever. Curtis has reunited director Newell and the surviving cast for a 25th anniversary reunion Comic Relief short entitled \"\"One Red Nose Day and a Wedding\"\", which will air in the UK during Red Nose Day on Friday 15 March 2019. The film follows the adventures of a group of friends through", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4912909", "chunk_text": "\"Richard Curtis\"\ncountry house in Walberswick, Suffolk with script editor and broadcaster Emma Freud. He previously dated Anne Jenkin, now Baroness Jenkin of Kennington, before her marriage to Sir Bernard Jenkin, MP. Richard Curtis Richard Whalley Anthony Curtis, (born 8 November 1956), is a British screenwriter, producer, and film director, who was born in New Zealand to Australian parents. One of Britain's most successful comedy screenwriters, he is known primarily for his romantic comedy films, among them \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" (1994), \"\"Notting Hill\"\" (1999), \"\"Bridget Jones's Diary\"\" (2001), \"\"Love Actually\"\" (2003), and \"\"About Time\"\" (2013). He is also known for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13572074", "chunk_text": "\"Lance Nielsen\"\nCharlotte Coleman, one of stars of the movie \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\". He dedicated \"\"The Marchioness Inquiry\"\" to Michael Williams; along with his own established acting career Williams is known for being the husband of Dame Judi Dench. Williams met Nielsen earlier in his career at Shepperton Film studios and encouraged him to pursue his writing. Nielsen was also good friends with actress Angela Thomas. Thomas, who had asked Nielsen to co-write both a book and a play based on her life, died on 24 July 2009 of a brain aneurism. Nielsen was one of the friends present during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5969077", "chunk_text": "\"Kristin Scott Thomas\"\nwith whom she has three children: Hannah (born in 1988), Joseph (1991) and George (2000). She has lived in France since she was 19, brought up her three children in Paris, and sometimes considers herself more French than British. She was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed women over 50 by \"\"The Guardian\"\" in March 2013. Kristin Scott Thomas Dame Kristin Ann Scott Thomas (born 24 May 1960) is an English actress. A five-time BAFTA Award nominee and five-time Olivier Award nominee, she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for \"\"Four Weddings and a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16811754", "chunk_text": "\"Notting Hill (film)\"\nNotting Hill (film) Notting Hill is a 1999 romantic comedy film set in Notting Hill, London, released on 21 May 1999. The screenplay was written by Richard Curtis, author of \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" (1994), and the film was produced by Duncan Kenworthy and directed by Roger Michell. The film stars Julia Roberts, Hugh Grant, Rhys Ifans, Emma Chambers, Tim McInnerny, Gina McKee, and Hugh Bonneville. \"\"Notting Hill\"\" was well received by critics and became the highest grossing British film released in 1999. The film won a BAFTA, was nominated in two other categories, and won other awards, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7503612", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nmarried, she confesses that she has loved Charles since they first met years earlier. Charles is appreciative and empathetic but does not requite her love. During the groom's toast, Gareth dies of a heart attack. At Gareth's funeral, his partner Matthew recites the poem \"\"Funeral Blues\"\" by W. H. Auden, commemorating his relationship with Gareth. Charles and Tom discuss whether hoping to find your \"\"one true love\"\" is just a futile effort and ponder that, while their clique have always viewed themselves as proud to be single, Gareth and Matthew were a \"\"married\"\" couple all the while. The fourth wedding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068195", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nwent on the publicity trail he turned out to be incredibly funny, and very like the character of Charles. That doesn't ever happen.\"\" Hugh Grant's then-girlfriend Elizabeth Hurley also garnered much publicity for the film when she wore a black Versace safety-pin dress to the premiere in Leicester Square which became a sensation in the press. The film was very well received with critics, currently holding a 95% \"\"Certified Fresh\"\" approval on reviews aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, with the site's consensus stating, \"\"While frothy to a fault, \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" features irresistibly breezy humor, and winsome performances from Hugh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7129902", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Herbert\"\nTom Herbert Tom Herbert (November 25, 1888 - April 3, 1946) was an American character actor of the 1930s and 1940s. Born in New York City on November 25, 1888, Herbert broke into the film industry in 1931 in RKO's \"\"Traveling Husbands\"\". During the next seventeen years he would appear in over 50 feature films, usually in bit or supporting roles. Early in his career he was sometimes billed as Tom Francis, as he was in \"\"Traveling Husbands\"\". His final picture, which was released after his death in 1946, was the iconic biopic, \"\"Night and Day\"\", starring Cary Grant and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3856798", "chunk_text": "\"Moray Watson\"\nThe Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art. They went on to marry in 1955 and had two children Emma in 1957 and Robin in 1959, both of whom went into the theatre. Emma is married to the actor Rupert Vansittart, known for Four Weddings and a Funeral and Game of Thrones. Watson made his first appearance on stage while still a student at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art at a matinee performance in memory of Ellen Terry at Hythe, Kent. After appearances in repertory, he appeared on the West End stage, including \"\"The Doctor's Dilemma\"\" and in \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14336744", "chunk_text": "\"Hugh Grant\"\n\"\"Hugh Grant gives a brilliant performance as Thorpe, whose arrogance, charm, and profoundly evasive nature he captures with subtlety. A quarter century after Grant established himself as everyone's crush with his romantic-comedy début, in \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\" ... the actor, who is now in his late fifties, has turned out to have a gift for conveying what happens to an individual when charm curdles into something considerably darker.\"\" Grant has predominantly been a comedy (especially a romantic comedy) actor for almost all of his mainstream film career. He also never ventures to play characters who are not British.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228192", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\ntime. It is number 96 on Bravo's \"\"100 Funniest Movies\"\". The Guardian, in a 20th anniversary retrospective of \"\"Four Weddings\"\", stated that \"\"Its influence on the British film industry, on romantic-comedy writing, on the pop charts, on funeral readings, on \"\"haircuts\"\", was enormous.\"\" Hugh Grant commented of the experience of the film's phenomenal success and its effect on his career in 2016: \"\"I was making \"\"An Awfully Big Adventure\"\" at the time that \"\"Four Weddings\"\" came out, with Mike Newell again, same director, even tinier budget, in Dublin. And we'd get back from brutal days on the set, very long", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068197", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\n\"\"standard issue\"\", stating that the audience shouldn't \"\"expect to remember it ten minutes later\"\". \"\"Time\"\" magazine writer Richard Corliss was less scathing, but agreed that it was forgettable, saying that people would \"\"forget all about [the movie] by the time they leave the multiplex,\"\" even joking at the end of his review that he had forgotten the film's name. The character of Carrie was voted one of the most annoying film characters of all time in a British online poll. The movie made its world premiere in February 1994 at the Sundance Film Festival in Salt Lake City, Utah. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228193", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\nand no money, and the fax machines...were coming out saying that now your film \"\"Four Weddings\"\" is #5 in America, now it's #3, now it's #1 and here's an offer Hugh, for \"\"Captain Blood\"\" and they'll pay you $1 million. It was completely surreal.\"\" It was reported in November 2017 that streaming service Hulu is developing an anthology television series based upon the film to be written and executive produced by Mindy Kaling and Matt Warburton, with Richard Curtis also serving as an executive producer. In October 2018, it was announced Jessica Williams, Nikesh Patel, Rebecca Rittenhouse and John Reynolds", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10235078", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral (miniseries)\"\na tumultuous year of romance and heartbreak. Relationships are forged and broken, political scandals exposed, London social life lampooned, love affairs ignited and doused, and of course, there are four weddings...and a funeral.\"\" On November 1, 2017, it was announced that Hulu was developing an anthology television series adaptation of the film \"\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\". Executive producers were set to include Mindy Kaling, Matt Warburton, Richard Curtis, Jonathan Prince, Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, and Howard Klein. Production companies involved with the series were expected to consist of Working Title Films, 3 Arts Entertainment, MGM Television, and Universal Television.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3228176", "chunk_text": "\"Four Weddings and a Funeral\"\ntook Curtis 17 drafts to reach the final version. He has commented on director Mike Newell's influence; ”\"\"I come from a school where making it funny is what matters. Mike was obsessed with keeping it real. Every character, no matter how small, has a story, not just three funny lines. It's a romantic film about love and friendship that swims in a sea of jokes.\"\" Curtis chose to omit any mention of the character's careers, because he didn't think a group of friends would realistically discuss their jobs while together at a wedding. Curtis, Newell and the producers began the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12163419", "chunk_text": "\"Felix Knight\"\nFelix Knight William Felix Knight (stage name: Felix Knight, November 1, 1908 – June 18, 1998), was an American tenor, actor, and vocal teacher, best known for his role as Tom-Tom in the 1934 Laurel and Hardy musical film \"\"Babes in Toyland\"\". William Felix Knight was born in Macon, Georgia, the son of a cotton farmer who died in a hunting accident when Knight was five. Seven years later, he moved with his family to Pensacola, Florida, where he began to play the guitar. By his mid-teens, Knight was singing at dances and nightspots. By 1925, he was featured on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19140260", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Goodman-Hill\"\nit was revealed that the couple had separated and that Goodman-Hill was in a relationship with actress Jessica Raine, whom he had met during the 2010 National Theatre's production of \"\"Earthquakes in London\"\". Goodman-Hill and Raine married on 1 September 2015. Tom Goodman-Hill Tom Goodman-Hill (born 21 May 1968) is an English actor of radio, film, stage and television. Born as Tom Hill in Enfield, and brought up near Newcastle upon Tyne, he qualified as a teacher before turning to acting. During his time in Newcastle, he regularly acted in amateur performances at the People's Theatre. He earned a BA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3256	who directed the iconic animated short educational film ek anek aur ekta?	n/a	[ "Vijaya Mulay" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4134686", "chunk_text": "\"Ek Anek Aur Ekta\"\nEk Anek Aur Ekta Ek Anek Aur Ekta or \"\"One, Many, and Unity\"\" (also known as \"\"Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan\"\" after the title song) is a traditionally animated short educational film released by the Films Division of India (Government of India). It was released in 1974. It was aired on the public broadcaster channel Doordarshan and became very popular among children. The film was intended to teach the value of unity and teamwork to children (Unity in Diversity). It also contains the message of how India is stronger if its citizens stand united, regardless of cultural differences. It begins with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4134688", "chunk_text": "\"Ek Anek Aur Ekta\"\n\"\"Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan\"\". The assistants were S.M. Hasan, Mahesh Taavre and Girish Rao. The film won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film., and it was the first film from the animation studios of then Center for Education Technology. The film also won the Best Children's Film award in Japan. The film is considered to be one of India's greatest examples of animation story-telling, and well remembered by the 80s generation as a classic illustration of \"\"Anekta mein Ekta\"\". Ek Anek Aur Ekta Ek Anek Aur Ekta or \"\"One, Many, and Unity\"\" (also known as \"\"Ek Chidiya, Anek", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4134687", "chunk_text": "\"Ek Anek Aur Ekta\"\na group of children playing in a garden with one of them asking his elder sister, \"\"Didi, yeh anek kya hota hai?\"\", or in English, \"\"Sis, what do you mean by Many?\"\". The rest of the film is the sister's reply, using a metaphorical story of how a group of birds escape a bird catcher by uniting to recruit their friends, a group of mice. The film was directed by Vijaya Mulay. The film's design, animation and creation was done by Bhimsain Khurana. The lyrics of \"\"Hind Desh ke Niwasi\"\" were written by Pandit Vinay Chandra Maudgalya. Sadhna Sargam sang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5933260", "chunk_text": "\"Vijaya Mulay\"\nproduce test modules for children in the 6 to 9 age group. In 1975, Vijaya was asked to head the CET – Center for Educational Technology to prepare educational films for broadcast to over 2400 villages in rural districts and programming in 4 languages. Ek Anek Aur Ekta, the 1974 animation film Scripted and Directed by Vijaya Mulay and Produced by Center for Educational Technology is very popular amongst the many generations of Indians. The CET, NCERT projects equipped her to later continue research on the field of education and on using media for development. After her retirement from NCERT,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1641321", "chunk_text": "\"Madhup Mudgal\"\nProfessor Vinay Chandra Maudgalya is best remembered today for the lyrics of the song \"\"Hind Desh ke Niwasi\"\" in the animation film Ek Anek Aur Ekta by Vijaya Mulay which won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film. Because of his father's interests, Madhup grew up in a musical environment, where veteran musicians like Pt. Omkarnath Thakur and Ali Akbar Khan would come by regularly for \"\"sangeet baithaks\"\" (musical sittings). The school to its present location at Deen Dayal Upadhayaya Marg in 1972 and today houses over 1200 dance and music students and a faculty of 60 teachers. Madhup", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16584722", "chunk_text": "\"Vijaya Mulay\"\nVijaya Mulay Vijaya Mulay (born 16 May 1921) is a documentary filmmaker, film historian, writer, educationist and researcher. Her close friendships with Satyajit Ray, Louis Malle, Mrinal Sen and other film personalities have given her a unique perspective into Indian cinema and influenced her work. Her body of work has shaped how India is viewed by Indian and non-Indian filmmakers. She is the mother of National Award winning actor Suhasini Mulay and noted high energy physicist Atul Gurtu is her son-in-law. Vijaya Mulay is remembered for her animation film \"\"Ek Anek Aur Ekta\"\" which won the National Film Award for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11494768", "chunk_text": "Anukul\nAnukul Anukul is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language short film directed by Sujoy Ghosh with Parambrata Chatterjee and Saurabh Shukla playing the lead roles. It is based on Satyajit Ray's short story of the same name. Nikunj Chaturvedi (Saurabh Shukla), a Hindi teacher of a school, bought an android (Parambrata Chatterjee) from a salesperson (Ekavali Khanna) of Chowringhee Robot Supply Corp. Before buying the salesperson warns Nikunj Babu not to hit the android named Anukul. Few days after Nikunj Babu's cousin brother Ratan (Kharaj Mukherjee) came to visit Nikunj Babu's home. He surprise to see that his brother bought a robot,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20139115", "chunk_text": "\"Indian animation industry\"\nIndian animation industry The Indian animation industry encompasses traditional 2D animation, 3D animation and visual effects for feature films. In 1956, Disney Studios animator Clair Weeks, who had worked on \"\"Bambi\"\", was invited to Films Division of India in Mumbai to establish and train the country's first animation studio as part of the American technical co-operation mission. He trained a core group of Indian animators, whose first production was a film called \"\"The Banyan Deer\"\" (1957). Veteran animator Ram Mohan started his career at Films Division's Cartoon Unit. Another landmark animated film from Films Division is \"\"Ek Anek Aur Ekta\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2202884", "chunk_text": "\"Shubha Mudgal\"\nMaudgalya, who was the founder of Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, a famous school of fine arts. He had founded the institution in 1939 and ran it from his residence near Plaza cinema, Connaught Place, New Delhi. Apart from being an outstanding classical musician, Pandit Maudgalya was also an accomplished lyricist; the song \"\"Hind Desh ke Niwasi,\"\" used in the animation film Ek Anek Aur Ekta by Vijaya Mulay, which won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film, was written by him. Shubha Gupta not only became Pandit Mudgalya's student but also his daughter-in-law; she married (and was later divorced from) Pandit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5549461", "chunk_text": "\"Preeti Aneja\"\nPreeti Aneja Preeti Aneja is an Indian Movie director. She is the director of short movie Kala Paani. Born in Hisar, Haryana on 26 July, Preeti completed her school education from Campus School, Hisar. Preeti did her post graduation in psychology and then LLB but later due to her interest in films, joined Whistling Woods International Institute for a diploma in film direction. Her first short movie Kala Paani was released in 2011 and won several awards. It was about the customary practices of the rural panchayats in Haryana. The movie was screened at New York Indian Film Festival 2011.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3695883", "chunk_text": "\"Madhavi Mudgal\"\nProfessor Vinay Chandra Maudgalya is best remembered today for the lyrics of the song \"\"Hind Desh ke Niwasi\"\" in the animation film Ek Anek Aur Ekta by Vijaya Mulay which won the National Film Award for Best Educational Film She inherited a deep love towards art and dance from her family and under the proper guidance of her guru Shri Harekrishna Behera, the world soon came to know about her extraordinary skills. She gave her first public performance at the age of only 4. Initially she learnt Bharatnatyam and Kathak, but finally she chose Odissi as her medium of expression.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12980375", "chunk_text": "\"Ram Mohan\"\nfilmmakers – an animated song for B.R. Chopra's \"\"Pati Patni Aur Woh\"\" (1978), a title sequence for Satyajit Ray's \"\"Shatranj Ke Khilari\"\", a sequence for Mrinal Sen's Hindi film, \"\"Bhuvan Shome\"\", and for such films as \"\"Biwi O Biwi\"\", \"\"Do aur Do Paanch\"\" and \"\"Kaamchor\"\". Ram Mohan Ram Mohan (born 1931) is an Indian animator, title designer and design educator, who is also known as father of Indian Animation and was a veteran in the Indian animation industry, who started his career at the Cartoon Films Unit, Films Division of India, Government of India in 1956. He is chairman and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12126724", "chunk_text": "\"Preeti Aneja\"\nShe is currently running her own production house AAP Productions. She is married to Amrit Aneja and has one son Astitva Aneja. Preeti Aneja Preeti Aneja is an Indian Movie director. She is the director of short movie Kala Paani. Born in Hisar, Haryana on 26 July, Preeti completed her school education from Campus School, Hisar. Preeti did her post graduation in psychology and then LLB but later due to her interest in films, joined Whistling Woods International Institute for a diploma in film direction. Her first short movie Kala Paani was released in 2011 and won several awards. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "794785", "chunk_text": "\"Anil Ganguly\"\nAnil Ganguly Anil Ganguly (26 January 1933 – 15 January 2016) was an Indian film director and screenwriter, who worked in Hindi cinema from 1970s to the 1990s. He is best known for Jaya Bhaduri starrer, \"\"Kora Kagaz\"\" (1974) and \"\"Tapasya\"\" (1975), both of which won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. His other noted film was Anil Kapoor and Amrita Singh starrer \"\"Saaheb\"\" (1985). Later in his career, he made several actions films, mostly with Mithun Chakraborty. Ganguly started his career making literary adaptations with strong female roles and themes of marital discord. For", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12980371", "chunk_text": "\"Ram Mohan\"\nRam Mohan Ram Mohan (born 1931) is an Indian animator, title designer and design educator, who is also known as father of Indian Animation and was a veteran in the Indian animation industry, who started his career at the Cartoon Films Unit, Films Division of India, Government of India in 1956. He is chairman and chief creative officer at Graphiti Multimedia, a Mumbai-based animation company which was established in 1995, and later he also established the Graphiti School of Animation in 2006. He had won the National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film twice, \"\"You Said It\"\" (1972) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20139116", "chunk_text": "\"Indian animation industry\"\na short traditionally animated educational film released in 1974. The film is presented as a fable meant to teach children the value of unity, and was frequently broadcast on India's state-run television station, Doordarshan. The first Indian animated television series was \"\"Ghayab Aaya\"\", which aired in 1986 and was directed by Suddhasattwa Basu. The first Indian 3D and VFX were done for the television series \"\"Captain Vyom\"\" by animation. The first Indian 3D animated film was \"\"Roadside Romeo\"\", a joint venture between Yash Raj Films and the Indian division of the Walt Disney Company. It was written and directed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17999001", "chunk_text": "\"Amitabh Aurora\"\nbringing \"\" to the fore the topic of sudden, unplanned and haphazard growth, urbanisation and development.\"\" Free Basics was part of the official selection for the Zanzibar International Film Festival 2017. In 2018 he produced and directed the short film \"\"Blink to Speak\"\" for agency TBWA/India, created for a non-profit, Asha Ek Hope Foundation and NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, which won the Health Grand Prix for Good at the 2018 Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. Feature Films Short Films Amitabh Aurora Amitabh Aurora (born 11 June 1981, Allahabad) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and actor. Aurora is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15314961", "chunk_text": "\"Dev Benegal\"\nHe studied Cinematography for two years at the Film School of New York University in the late 1980s. After serving as the assistant to Shyam Benegal in films like \"\"Kalyug\"\" (1980), \"\"Mandi\"\" (1983) and his famous documentary on Satyajit Ray, \"\"Satyajit Ray, Filmmaker\"\" (1984), Dev Benegal directed a series of short short films, \"\"Kalpavriksha: The Tree of Life\"\" (1988), \"\"Kanakambaram: Cloth: of Gold\"\" (1987), and \"\"Anantarupam: The Infinite Forms\"\" (1987). He directed several documentaries, including \"\"Shabana!\"\" (2003) with Indian film star Shabana Azmi and \"\"Abhivardhan: Building for a New Life\"\" (1992). In 1994 he wrote and directed his adaptation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1683804", "chunk_text": "\"Gitanjali Rao\"\nhas served in the judge's panel at various festivals including the 2011 Cannes Critic's Week short films jury. In 2013, she directed a segment in \"\"Shorts\"\", a compilation of five short films, along with Neeraj Ghaywan, Vasan Bala, Anubhuti Kashyap and Shlok Sharma, and produced by Anurag Kashyap. At the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, her animated short, \"\"True Love Story\"\" was one of 10 selected short films at Critics' Week. Gitanjali Rao Gitanjali Rao (born 1972) is an Indian theatre actress, animator and film maker. Gitanjali graduated as an applied artist from Sir. J. J. Institute of Applied Art, Mumbai,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14921394", "chunk_text": "\"Hrishikesh Mukherjee\"\nHrishikesh Mukherjee Hrishikesh Mukherjee (30 September 1922 – 27 August 2006) was an Indian film director known for a number of films, including \"\"Satyakam\"\", \"\"Chupke Chupke\"\", \"\"Anupama\"\", \"\"Anand\"\", \"\"Abhimaan\"\", \"\"Guddi\"\", \"\"Gol Maal\"\", \"\"Majhli Didi\"\", \"\"Chaitali\"\", \"\"Aashirwad\"\", \"\"Bawarchi\"\", \"\"Kissi Se Na Kehna\"\", \"\"Namak Haraam\"\" and \"\"Chemmeen. Popularly known as \"\"Hrishi-da\"\", he directed 42 films during his career spanning over four decades, and is named the pioneer of the 'middle cinema' of India. Renowned for his social films that reflected the changing middle-class ethos, Mukherjee \"\"carved a middle path between the extravagance of mainstream cinema and the stark realism of art cinema\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "263316", "chunk_text": "\"Aneel Ahmad\"\n\"\"Writers Room\"\" new writers initiative, and The Writers Gym M.A Writers course (London Film School & French Institute). He was also part of other film courses such as NFTS Compass Point 2009/10, a mentoring programme for minorities run by Paul Moody (NFTS) and Marc Boothe, producer of \"\"Bullet Boy\"\" (B3Media) Some of the film mentors included Oscar BAFTA Winning directors Danny Boyle, Kevin Macdonald, Penny Woolcock, Asif Kapadia and artist Steve McQueen His role models are Stanley Kubrick, David Lean, Satyajit Ray, Terrence Malick and documentary filmmaker Peter Watkins. He won the UNICEF award in 2005 for his short documentary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11494772", "chunk_text": "Anukul\nactively stepping into, then the race for survival is going to turn even more brutal but only for those who are not willing to welcome it.\"\" A notable Indian actor, Amitabh Bacchan, has praised the short film. Hindustan Times said, \"\"Both Saurabh and Parambrata give understated performances, in sync with the mood of the film. And, without saying much, the climax leaves us in a dilemma - should we judge the characters for what they did or should we applaud their presence of mind?\"\". Anukul Anukul is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language short film directed by Sujoy Ghosh with Parambrata Chatterjee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19431567", "chunk_text": "\"Suresh Eriyat\"\nthings. Suresh Eriyat Suresh Eriyat, popularly known as E Suresh, is an Indian animator, director and founder of his animation studio Studio Eeksaurus. His film \"\"Fateline\"\" won Annecy Cristal Award and both \"\"Fisherwoman and Tuk-Tuk\"\" and \"\"Tokri\"\" won National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film. He started his animation career with Famous House of Animation. He was the first to launch clay animation commercials in India. He created Amaron battery advertisements, music video \"\"Bindu re Bindu\"\", the Simpu series for Channel V, MTV Poga series, Johnny Bravo going to Bollywood, Levis Slim vs. Slim, Google Tanjore paintings and many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19431566", "chunk_text": "\"Suresh Eriyat\"\nSuresh Eriyat Suresh Eriyat, popularly known as E Suresh, is an Indian animator, director and founder of his animation studio Studio Eeksaurus. His film \"\"Fateline\"\" won Annecy Cristal Award and both \"\"Fisherwoman and Tuk-Tuk\"\" and \"\"Tokri\"\" won National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film. He started his animation career with Famous House of Animation. He was the first to launch clay animation commercials in India. He created Amaron battery advertisements, music video \"\"Bindu re Bindu\"\", the Simpu series for Channel V, MTV Poga series, Johnny Bravo going to Bollywood, Levis Slim vs. Slim, Google Tanjore paintings and many more", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6505610", "chunk_text": "\"Anil Sharma\"\nAnil Sharma Anil Sharma is an Indian film director and producer. Sharma was born in Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India. Sharma pursued his B.Sc. at Khalsa College, Mumbai, when he became interested in cinematography. His first job in the film industry was as an assistant of Baldev Raj Chopra, on films such as \"\"Pati Patni Aur Woh\"\", \"\"The Burning Train\"\" and \"\"Insaf Ka Tarazu\"\". He also had minor parts in \"\"The Burning Train\"\" and \"\"Insaf Ka Tarazu\"\". Sharma made his directional debut in 1981 with \"\"Shradhanjali\"\", starring Raakhee. In the early 1980s, he became a producer with \"\"Elaan-E-Jung\"\" (1989), which he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17097027", "chunk_text": "\"History of animation in India\"\nHistory of animation in India The history of animation in India can be traced to the early 20th century. Precursors to modern animation such as shadow puppets and slide shows entertained audiences before the advent of the cinema. Pioneers such as Dadasaheb Phalke, Gunamoy Banerjee, K.S Gupte and G.K Ghokle kept the tradition of animation alive during the first half of the 20th century. Such individuals were usually self-taught and were inspired by foreign cartoons. Even before the birth of animation, shadow-puppet traditions used images to tell stories. A notable example is \"\"Tholu Bommalata (\"\"\"\"the dance of the leather puppets\"\"\"\")\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1548190", "chunk_text": "\"Kireet Khurana\"\nis also the creator of India's largest animation series, \"\"Vartmaan\"\", with animation pioneer Bhimsain. Born in 1967, Kireet grew up in a creative environment. His exposure to animation films started from age six as his father, Bhimsain, an animation pioneer in India, nurtured and encouraged his creative leanings. Kireet attended the Jamnabai Narsee School and later completed a BA with a major in economics from Mumbai University. Soon thereafter, he went on to graduate in 1994 from Sheridan College, Canada, with honors, in animation filmmaking. As a producer, Kireet Khurana has worked on many award-winning public service campaigns, including a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1231573", "chunk_text": "Mahek\nMahek Mahek is an award-winning Indian children's film by writer-director Kranti Kanade. It's about 11-yr old dreamer Mahek who wants to be the best at everything, but is unsure of how to achieve her goals. The film was produced by the Children's Film Society of India (CFSI). Legendary artist and cartoonist Mario Miranda did the illustrations for the film. The crew was FTII alumnus who subsequently did notable work. Mrinal Desai, the DOP, was the second unit director of photography on 'Slumdog Millionaire' and later shot universally acclaimed film 'Court'. Editor Suchitra Sathe and Sound designer Anmol Bhave worked on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19661275", "chunk_text": "\"History of animation in India\"\nhence lacked a proper storyline. It resembled the tradition of Disney and other foreign animators, whose films were released quite often in Calcutta. Pune based Prabhat Film Company’s \"\"Jambu Kaka\"\" was released in Bombay on 15 November 1934. The short features a jackal and was animated by Raghunath K. Kelkar. Around the same time, K.S Gupte and G.K Gokhle were teaching themselves animation by watching American cartoons. Their first experiment in animation was called \"\"Shikaar ( “\"\" The Hunt\"\" ). Other shorts from the period include \"\"Bakam Bhatt\"\" by Kolapur Cinetoons, \"\"Lafanga Langoor\"\" (1935) by Mohan Bhavani, \"\"Superman's Myth\"\" (1939)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13120250", "chunk_text": "\"Toba Tek Singh (film)\"\nToba Tek Singh (film) Toba Tek Singh is an Indian film based on Saadat Hassan Manto's short story of the same name. The short film is written and directed by Ketan Mehta and produced by Shailja Kejriwal. It stars Pankaj Kapoor and Vinay Pathak. It was released digitally on the video on-demand platform ZEE5 on 24 August, 2018. The story takes place just before the India-Pakistan partition in one of the oldest mental asylums in undivided India. Situated in Lahore, it was home to Hindu, Muslim and Sikh patients who were left behind by their uncaring families. Friendships were thick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2598901", "chunk_text": "\"Shorts (2013 film)\"\nShorts (2013 film) Shorts is a compilation of five short films directed by Neeraj Ghaywan, Vasan Bala, Anubhuti Kashyap (Anurag Kashyap's sister), Shlok Sharma and Gitanjali Rao. The five short films titled \"\"Sujata\"\", \"\"Mehfuz\"\", \"\"Audacity\"\", \"\"Epilogue\"\", and \"\"Shor\"\" were released on 12 July 2013. The \"\"Gangs of Wasseypur\"\" trio – Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Huma Qureshi and Richa Chadda- teamed up again for the anothology co-produced by Guneet Monga and Anurag Kashyap, also featuring newcomers Murari Kumar, Arjun Srivasava, Satya Anand, Vineet Kumar Singh, Preeti Singh and Ratnabali. Starring: Huma Qureshi, Shweta Tripathi, Satya Anand and Aditya Kumar Sujata is a riveting", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13557430", "chunk_text": "\"Ek Din Achanak\"\nEk Din Achanak Ek Din Achanak (Hindi: एक दिन अचानक, English: \"\"Suddenly, One Day\"\") is a 1989 art film directed by Mrinal Sen, based on a Bengali novel, \"\"Beej\"\" by Ramapada Chowdhury. One evening, in the midst of torrential rains, a professor (Shreeram Lagoo) goes out for a walk and fails to return. As the evening stretches into days and the days into weeks with no sign of him, his family struggles to regain their footing and to understand what might have caused him to leave. Slowly they return to their daily activities. The professor's son Amit (Arjun Chakraborty) establishes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17637365", "chunk_text": "\"Anil Karanjai\"\nby Partha Chatterjee, Frontline, Volume 28 – Issue 09, 23 April–May. 06, 2011 A diverse romantic realist, The Asian Age, 28 March 2011 Relevant as ever by Suneet Chopra, Financial Express, Films on Anil Karanjai The Nature of Art, a film on Anil Karanjai (25 minutes) by Anasuya Vaidya and Ajay Shetty, Sarega Productions and Doordarshan, 1995 Anil Karanjai Anil Karanjai (27 June 1940 – 18 March 2001) was an accomplished Indian artist. Born in East Bengal, he was educated in Benaras, where his family settled subsequent to the Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. As a small child", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17097030", "chunk_text": "\"History of animation in India\"\nby painters Raja Ravi Verma and Madhavrao Dhurandhar were also recreated. It is said that Raja Harishchandra's story in the form of an animated slide show was an influence behind prolific filmmaker Dadasaheb Phalke’s first movie \"\"Raja Harishchandra,\"\" produced in 1913. \"\"Raja Harishchandra\"\" is notable for being India’s first indigenous silent feature film. Considered as the Father of Indian Cinema, Phalke dabbled in animation as well. His 1912 short \"\"The Growth of a Pea Plant\"\" introduced the concept of time-lapse photography, with one frame shot per day. In 1915 he produced the animated short \"\"Agkadyanchi Mouj\"\" (\"\"Matchsticks' Fun\"\"). He had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14329719", "chunk_text": "\"Aneel Ahmad\"\nis a shoeshine boy and Lalita a local courtesan, a girl prized for her beauty and grace. Barbar dreams of rescuing Lalita from the poverty that traps them both. One day, he's pushed to the edge. Ahmad made his third short film with North West Vision as part of the new Lottery-funded UK Film Council Digital Shorts Scheme\"\"Boot Polish\"\". With a production budget of 18,000 pounds. Boot Polish has been classed as one of the first British cross genre Bollywood films, similar to the feature film by Danny Boyle titled Slumdog Millionaire creating a mixture of reality & Bollywood. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13209940", "chunk_text": "\"Anil Devgan\"\nis trained in Tabla and Martial Arts. After graduating in 1989 from Bhagat Singh College, New Delhi he joined the film industry after being encouraged by Ajay Devgn and assisted on many movies with directors Sunil Agnihotri, Anees Bazmee and Raj Kanwar before finally making his debut as a director in 2000. He is married and has one son. He is best known for his work as a director for the path-breaking film Raju Chacha (2000), Blackmail (2005) and Haal-e-Dil (2008). He has worked with his brother Ajay Devgan in Raju Chacha along with his sister in law Kajol and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18812885", "chunk_text": "\"History of animation in India\"\noften credited to composer and orchestra leader R.C. Boral, but this attribution may be erroneous. \"\"The Pea Brothers\"\", directed by Gunamoy Banerjee and produced by New Theatres Limited was released in Calcutta on 23 June 1934 , making it the first Indian animated work to be released in theatres. The film was between 3 to 4 minutes long and used drawn black and white images. The plot consists of a pea-pod which opens up to release 5 peas, and from these peas emerge five small toy-like figures that play with one another. The film was basically an experimental attempt and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4227768", "chunk_text": "\"Anurag Kashyap\"\nThe short films were \"\"Moi Marjaani\"\", \"\"Chai\"\", \"\"Hidden Cricket\"\", \"\"Geek Out\"\" and \"\"The Epiphany\"\". He also served as the creative director in the Amitabh Bachchan starrer TV series \"\"Yudh\"\" (2014), and subsequently presented two documentary film's, \"\"The World Before Her\"\" (2012) and \"\"Katiyabaaz\"\" (2014). In 2011 Kashyap co-founded his director driven production company Phantom Films with partnership from Vikas Bahl, Vikramaditya Motwane and Madhu Mantena. The companies first film was the period romance \"\"Lootera\"\" (2013), starring Ranveer Singh and Sonakshi Sinha. Based O. Henry's short story, \"\"The Last Leaf\"\", the film was critically acclaimed. He then went on to collaborate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7357775", "chunk_text": "\"Aneesh Upasana\"\nAneesh Upasana Aneesh Upasana (born 25 July 1979) is an Indian film director, screenwriter and photographer. His feature films include \"\"Matinee\"\" (2012) and \"\"Seconds\"\" (2014). Aneesh Upasana started his professional career as a fashion photographer for film magazines. He was recognized by the \"\"Limca Book of Records\"\" for recording the video album \"\"Mayamadhavam\"\" on a still digital camera. He made his directorial debut with \"\"Matinee\"\" which released on 13 December 2012. The film, which featured Maqbool Salmaan making his feature film debut and Mythili in the lead roles, received generally positive reviews. A reviewer from NowRunning called the film \"\"a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2230693", "chunk_text": "\"Prashant Bhargava\"\nPrashant Bhargava Prashant Bhargava (January 12, 1973 - May 15, 2015) was an Indian-American filmmaker and designer. He died of a heart attack from a history of heart trouble. Bhargava's short film \"\"Sangam\"\", described by Greg Tate of the Village Voice as \"\"an elegant and poetic evocation of immigrant angst, memory and haunted spirituality\"\", premiered at the Sundance Film Festival, and PBS. His other directorial efforts include the documentary portrait of his grandmother \"\"Ammaji\"\", experimental Super 8 short \"\"Backwaters\"\" and the poignant and meditative \"\"Kashmir\"\", an audiovisual performance with band Dawn of Midi Bhargava's feature length directorial debut, \"\"Patang :", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11903977", "chunk_text": "\"Films Division of India\"\nstarted at the annual Mumbai International Film Festival, for documentary, short and animation films at Mumbai. Films Division was set up in the year 1948. Films Division has produced mainly for the state-owned TV channel, Doordarshan. It produced some classics like Ek Anek Aur Ekta. The films division has produced over 8000 films since inception and about 5000 films are being made available for online purchase and downloads. In 2012 Films Division started a film club at Mumbai which screens films from archives. Films Division of India Films Division of India (FDI) commonly referred as Films Division is a film", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086486", "chunk_text": "\"History of animation in India\"\nby G.K. Ghokhle, \"\"Akash Pataal\"\" (1939) by Mandar Malik. The shortage of raw film stock due to the Second World War may have caused filmmakers to choose animation as a medium. History of animation in India The history of animation in India can be traced to the early 20th century. Precursors to modern animation such as shadow puppets and slide shows entertained audiences before the advent of the cinema. Pioneers such as Dadasaheb Phalke, Gunamoy Banerjee, K.S Gupte and G.K Ghokle kept the tradition of animation alive during the first half of the 20th century. Such individuals were usually self-taught", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11581584", "chunk_text": "\"Guru Dutt\"\nGuru Dutt Vasanth Kumar Shivashankar Padukone (9 July 1925 – 10 October 1964), better known as Guru Dutt, was an Indian film director, producer and actor. He made 1950s and 1960s classics such as \"\"Pyaasa\"\", \"\"Kaagaz Ke Phool\"\", \"\"Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam\"\" and \"\"Chaudhvin Ka Chand\"\". In particular, \"\"Pyaasa\"\" and \"\"Kaagaz Ke Phool\"\" have been included among the greatest films of all time by Time magazine's \"\"All-TIME\"\" 100 best movies list and by the 2002 \"\"Sight & Sound\"\" critics' and directors' poll, where Dutt himself is included among the greatest film directors of all time. In 2010, he was included", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "71800", "chunk_text": "\"Anup Singh (filmmaker)\"\nAnup Singh (filmmaker) Anup Singh (born 14 March 1961) is Geneva based filmmaker, born in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania, East Africa and grew up in a Sikh family of Punjab origin. He graduated in literature and philosophy from the Bombay University and from the Film and TV Institute of India, Pune. He directed films for Indian TV, and was a consultant for BBC2 and wrote film reviews for several specialised press. Ekti Nadir Naam (The Name of a River), Anup Singh’s first feature-length film was selected in 30 festivals worldwide and won several awards. His second movie, \"\"QISSA - The Tale of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17637351", "chunk_text": "\"Anil Karanjai\"\nAnil Karanjai Anil Karanjai (27 June 1940 – 18 March 2001) was an accomplished Indian artist. Born in East Bengal, he was educated in Benaras, where his family settled subsequent to the Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. As a small child he had spent long hours playing with clay to make toys and arrows. He also began very early to draw animals and plants, or whatever inspired him. In 1956 he dropped out of school to become a full-time student at Bharatiya Kala Kendra, headed by Karnaman Singh, a master of the Bengal school and a Nepali by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17097031", "chunk_text": "\"History of animation in India\"\nprobably been inspired by Émile Cohl’s matchstick film. This was followed by \"\"Laxmicha Galicha\"\" (animated coins), and \"\"Vichitra Shilpa\"\" (inanimate animation). Phalke was forced into making shorter works such as cartoons and documentaries since the war in Europe had slowed imports, including film. Unfortunately, animated works such as \"\"Agkadyanchi Mouj\"\" and \"\"Vichitra Shilpa\"\" have not survived the ravages of time. However, Phalke’s craftsmanship can still be seen in the title sequence of his last silent film, Setu Bandhan, made in 1932. In 1934, the first Indian animated film with a soundtrack, \"\"On a Moonlit Night\"\", was released. The film is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16605207", "chunk_text": "\"Amit Bose\"\nAmit Bose Amit Bose (born 26 February 1930) is an Indian filmmaker, film director and editor, who directed all-time classics like \"\"Abhilasha\"\" (1968) and, as an Editor, worked on movies like \"\"Madhumati\"\" (1958), \"\"Sujata\"\" (1959), \"\"Parakh\"\" (1960), \"\"Usne Kaha Tha\"\" (1960), \"\"Kabuliwala\"\" (1961), \"\"Prem Patra\"\" (1962), \"\"Bandini\"\" (1963) and \"\"Shakespeare Wallah\"\" (1965). He worked as Chief Film Editor for Bimal Roy and with several other directors including Sanjay Khan. Bose was born in Jamshedpur/Bihar, India. His grandfather was the geologist Pramatha Nath Bose, who discovered rich iron ores, that made the Empire of J.R.D. Tata possible, which today belong to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4370882", "chunk_text": "\"Kaushik Ghatak\"\nKaushik Ghatak Kaushik Ghatak began his career in the entertainment industry in India on 14 February 1998 as an apprentice assistant to the prominent filmmaker, Anurag Basu. He has directed several television serials and a few advertisement films before he directed his first film \"\"Ek Vivaah... Aisa Bhi\"\" for Rajshri Productions. He is currently directing Samrat & Co. for producer, Kavita K. Barjatya, under the banner of Rajshri Productions. Kaushik Ghatak was born in Katwa in Bardhaman, West Bengal on 12 August 1971. He attended St. Xavier's school at Hazaribagh in Bihar & graduated from St. Xavier's college, Ranchi with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "586372", "chunk_text": "\"Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu\"\nEk Main Aur Ekk Tu Ek Main Aur Ekk Tu (English: \"\"One me, and one you\"\") is a 2012 Indian romantic comedy film written and directed by Shakun Batra in his directorial debut. It was produced by Karan Johar and Hiroo Yash Johar under the banner of Dharma Productions, alongside Ronnie Screwvala of UTV Motion Pictures. The film features Imran Khan and Kareena Kapoor in lead roles, with Ratna Pathak Shah, Boman Irani and Ram Kapoor in supporting roles. The plot centers on an uptight architect named Rahul Kapoor, living in Las Vegas, Nevada, who loses his job and, following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19107366", "chunk_text": "\"Ayan Mukerji\"\nAyan Mukerji Ayan Mukerji (born 15 August 1983) is an Indian film director from the cinema prominent Mukherjee-Samarth family. Mukerji made his directorial debut at the age of 26 with the coming-of-age comedy \"\"Wake Up Sid\"\" (2009), produced by Karan Johar. The film opened to strong reviews and box office returns. His next release, the 2013 romantic comedy, \"\"Yeh Jawani Hai Deewani\"\", ranks among one of the Highest-grossing Hindi films of all time. He is often referred to as Ranbir Kapoor's best friend and he also stated in an interview that Kapoor has become \"\"something of a muse\"\" to him.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3257	is greenland part of europe or north america?	n/a	[ "North America" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7541650", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nGreenland Greenland (, ; , ) is an autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. Greenland is the world's largest island. Australia and Antarctica", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14830258", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nin 2001. Greenland has excellent conditions for skiing, fishing, snowboarding, ice climbing and rock climbing, although mountain climbing and hiking are preferred by the general public. Although the country's environment is generally ill-suited for golf, there are nevertheless golf courses on the island. Greenland Greenland (, ; , ) is an autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14830259", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Greenland\"\nGeography of Greenland Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland. The territory comprises the island of Greenland–the largest island in the world–and more than a hundred other smaller islands (see ). As an island, Greenland has no land boundaries and 44,087 km of coastline. A sparse population is confined to small settlements along certain sectors of the coast. Greenland possesses the world's second largest ice sheet. Greenland sits atop the Greenland plate, a subplate of the North American plate. The Greenland craton is made up of some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11369805", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nformally defined by the UN Statistics Division. The term \"\"North America\"\" maintains various definitions in accordance with location and context. In Canadian English, \"\"North America\"\" generally refers to the land mass as a whole consisting of Mexico, the United States, and Canada, although it is generally ambiguous which other countries are included, and is mostly defined by context. In the United States of America, usage of the term may refer only to Canada and the USA, and sometimes includes Greenland and Mexico (as in the North American Free Trade Agreement), as well as offshore islands. In France, Italy, Portugal, Spain,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11794276", "chunk_text": "Europe\ntaken to be the Urals, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea; to the southeast, including the Caucasus Mountains, the Black Sea and the waterways connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Islands are generally grouped with the nearest continental landmass, hence Iceland is generally considered to be part of Europe, while the nearby island of Greenland is usually assigned to North America. Nevertheless, there are some exceptions based on sociopolitical and cultural differences. Cyprus is closest to Anatolia (or Asia Minor), but is usually considered part of Europe both culturally and politically and is a member state of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8533704", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nof its natural resources, the grant will gradually be diminished. This is generally considered to be a step toward eventual full independence from Denmark. Greenlandic was declared the sole official language of Greenland at the historic ceremony. Greenland is the world's largest non-continental island and the third largest country in North America. It is between latitudes 59° and 83°N, and longitudes 11° and 74°W. The Atlantic Ocean borders Greenland's southeast; the Greenland Sea is to the east; the Arctic Ocean is to the north; and Baffin Bay is to the west. The nearest countries are Canada, to the west and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8533755", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Greenland\"\nis number three with ca. 5,000 inhabitants. See Cartographic expeditions to Greenland Geography of Greenland Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland. The territory comprises the island of Greenland–the largest island in the world–and more than a hundred other smaller islands (see ). As an island, Greenland has no land boundaries and 44,087 km of coastline. A sparse population is confined to small settlements along certain sectors of the coast. Greenland possesses the world's second largest ice sheet. Greenland sits atop the Greenland plate, a subplate of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10424600", "chunk_text": "\"Boundaries between the continents of Earth\"\nconsidered European, as is the Norwegian Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. Greenland is geographically part of North America, but politically associated with Europe as it is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, although it has extensive home rule and EU law no longer applies there. Historically in Greco-Roman geography, \"\"Africa\"\" meant Ancient Libya, and its eastern extent was taken to be around Marmarica, at the \"\"Catabathmus Magnus\"\", placing Egypt in Asia entirely. The idea of Egypt being an \"\"African\"\" country seems to develop in around the mid-19th century; the term \"\"Africa\"\" was classically reserved for what is now known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11201661", "chunk_text": "Iceland\nAtlantic and Arctic Oceans. The main island is entirely south of the Arctic Circle, which passes through the small Icelandic island of Grímsey off the main island's northern coast. The country lies between latitudes 63 and 68°N, and longitudes 25 and 13°W. Iceland is closer to continental Europe than to mainland North America, although it is closest to Greenland (), an island of North America. Iceland is generally included in Europe for geographical, historical, political, cultural, linguistic and practical reasons. Geologically, the island includes parts of both continental plates. The closest bodies of land in Europe are the Faroe Islands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8533674", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nDenmark. However, in a referendum in 1982, a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC, which was effected in 1985. Greenland contains the world's largest and most northerly national park, Northeast Greenland National Park (\"\"Kalaallit Nunaanni nuna eqqissisimatitaq\"\"). Established in 1974, and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but twenty-nine countries in the world. Greenland is divided into five municipalities – Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, and Avannaata. Greenland does not have an independent seat at the United Nations. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14830178", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nNorsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, having previously settled Iceland to escape persecution from the King of Norway and his central government. These Norsemen would later set sail from Greenland and Iceland, with Leif Erikson becoming the first known European to reach North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean islands. Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians, Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1262. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century when Norway was hit by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19195218", "chunk_text": "Continent\nNewfoundland are margins of the Laurasian continent—only separated by inland seas flooding its margins. Plate tectonics offers yet another way of defining continents. Today, Europe and most of Asia constitute the unified Eurasian Plate, which is approximately coincident with the geographic Eurasian continent excluding India, Arabia, and far eastern Russia. India contains a central shield, and the geologically recent Himalaya mobile belt forms its northern margin. North America and South America are separate continents, the connecting isthmus being largely the result of volcanism from relatively recent subduction tectonics. North American continental rocks extend to Greenland (a portion of the Canadian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14830179", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nBlack Death and entered a severe decline. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it \"\"Terra do Lavrador\"\" (later applied to Labrador in Canada). In the early 18th century, Danish explorers reached Greenland again. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark–Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island. Because of Norway's weak status, it lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved. Greenland became Danish in 1814, and was fully integrated in the Danish state in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark. In 1973, Greenland joined the European Economic Community with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17749575", "chunk_text": "\"Greenlandic Inuit\"\nfirst Inuit that came to Greenland. The vast majority of ethnic Greenlanders reside in Greenland or elsewhere in Danish Realm, primarily Denmark proper (approximately 20,000 Greenlanders reside in Denmark proper). A small minority reside in other countries, mostly elsewhere in Scandinavia and North America. There are some Greenlanders who are multiracial, mostly due to Danish colonists and other Europeans marrying into Inuit families. The Inuit are descended from the Thule people, who settled Greenland in between AD 1200 and 1400. As 84 percent of Greenland's land mass is covered by the Greenland ice sheet, Inuit people live in three regions:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16313238", "chunk_text": "\"History of Greenland\"\nthe European Union, which it had joined as a part of Denmark in 1973; the Faroes had never joined. The prehistory of Greenland is a story of repeated waves of Paleo-Eskimo immigration from the islands north of the North American mainland. (The peoples of those islands are thought to have descended, in turn, from inhabitants of Siberia who migrated into Canada thousands of years ago.) Because of Greenland's remoteness and climate, survival there was difficult. Over the course of centuries, one culture succeeded another as groups died out and were replaced by new immigrants. Archaeology can give only approximate dates", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6780575", "chunk_text": "Arctic\nthe ice covering them melts. These factors have led to recent international debates as to which nations can claim sovereignty or ownership over the waters of the Arctic. Arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Northern Canada, Norway, Russia and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice)-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15209376", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nto refer only to Mexico, Canada, the United States, and Greenland. The term Northern America refers to the northern-most countries and territories of North America: the United States, Bermuda, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Canada and Greenland. Although the term does not refer to a unified region, Middle America—not to be confused with the Midwestern United States—groups the regions of Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. The largest countries of the continent, Canada and the United States, also contain well-defined and recognized regions. In the case of Canada these are (from east to west) Atlantic Canada, Central Canada, Canadian Prairies, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11369832", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nfor the production of coffee, beans, and other crops. North America is a very large continent which surpasses the Arctic Circle, and the Tropic of Cancer. Greenland, along with the Canadian Shield, is tundra with average temperatures ranging from , but central Greenland is composed of a very large ice sheet. This tundra radiates throughout Canada, but its border ends near the Rocky Mountains (but still contains Alaska) and at the end of the Canadian Shield, near the Great Lakes. Climate west of the Cascades is described as being a temperate weather with average precipitation . Climate in coastal California", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7541694", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nfinancial losses. An alternative between Greenland and the United States/Canada is Air Iceland/Icelandair with a plane change in Iceland. Sea passenger and freight transport is served by the coastal ferries operated by Arctic Umiaq Line. It makes a single round trip per week, taking 80 hours each direction. Greenland has a population of 56,370 (January 2013 estimate), of whom 88% are Greenlandic Inuit (including mixed persons). The remaining 12% are of European descent, mainly Greenland Danes. Several thousand Greenlandic Inuit reside in the Danish Peninsula. The majority of the population is Lutheran. Nearly all Greenlanders live along the fjords in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6780552", "chunk_text": "Arctic\nArctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Northern Canada, Norway, Russia and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost (permanently frozen underground ice)-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places. The Arctic region is a unique area among Earth's ecosystems. For example, the cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted to its cold and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11103321", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nfrom Europe. There are no native or free-living reptiles or amphibians on the island. Phytogeographically, Greenland belongs to the Arctic province of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. The island is sparsely populated in vegetation; plant life consists mainly of grassland and small bushes, which is regularly grazed by livestock. The most common tree native to Greenland is the European white birch (\"\"Betula pubescens\"\") along with gray-leaf willow (\"\"Salix glauca\"\"), rowans (\"\"Sorbus aucuparia\"\"), common junipers (\"\"Juniperus communis\"\") and other smaller trees, mainly willows. Greenland's flora comprises about 500 species of higher plants, i.e. flowering plants, ferns, horsetails and lycopodiophyta.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11799786", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of Europe\"\nthe Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. Iceland, though on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and nearer to Greenland (North America) than mainland Europe, is generally included in Europe for cultural reasons and because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe than to mainland North America. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11794336", "chunk_text": "Europe\nto the formation of Pangea. Around 190 million years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia split apart due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally, and very soon afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia (North America) and the Eurasian continent. The land connection between the two persisted for a considerable time, via Greenland, leading to interchange of animal species. From around 50 million years ago, rising and falling sea levels have determined the actual shape of Europe, and its connections with continents such as Asia. Europe's present shape dates to the late Tertiary period about five million years ago.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11369806", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nRomania, Greece, and the countries of Latin America, the cognates of \"\"North America\"\" usually designate a subcontinent of the Americas comprising Canada, the United States, and Mexico, and often Greenland, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, and Bermuda. North America has been historically referred to by other names. Spanish North America (New Spain) was often referred to as \"\"Northern America\"\", and this was the first official name given to Mexico. Geographically the North American continent has many regions and subregions. These include cultural, economic, and geographic regions. Economic regions included those formed by trade blocs, such as the North American Trade Agreement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12890015", "chunk_text": "Nordostrundingen\nNordostrundingen Nordostrundingen (corrupted from which means Northeastern rounding, in English Northeast Foreland), is a headland located at the northeastern end of Greenland Island, a part of the Northeast Greenland National Park. At 11°19'W it is the most easterly point of land relative to either of the Americas (North and South America). Nordøstrundingen is further east than three countries in Africa and even further east than the westernmost point in Europe, if Iceland, which is on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is considered part of Europe. It is only 1° 49′ from the westernmost point of the European mainland which is in Portugal.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11794266", "chunk_text": "Europe\nEurope Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Since around 1850, Europe is most commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although the term \"\"continent\"\" implies physical geography, the land border is somewhat arbitrary and has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828963", "chunk_text": "\"Geography of North America\"\ncommon view would end North America at the man-made Panama Canal. Islands generally associated with North America include Greenland, the world's largest island, and archipelagos and islands in the Caribbean. The terminology of the Americas is complex, but \"\"Anglo-America\"\" can describe Canada and the U.S., while \"\"Latin America\"\" comprises Mexico and the countries of Central America and the Caribbean, as well as the entire continent of South America. Natural features of North America include the northern portion of the American Cordillera, represented by the geologically new Rocky Mountains in the west; and the considerably older Appalachian Mountains to the east.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11369823", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nThe islands of the West Indies delineate a submerged former land bridge, which had connected North and South America via what are now Florida and Venezuela. There are numerous islands off the continent's coasts; principally, the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, Turks & Caicos, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Aleutian Islands (some of which are in the Eastern Hemisphere proper), the Alexander Archipelago, the many thousand islands of the British Columbia Coast, and Newfoundland. Greenland, a self-governing Danish island, and the world's largest, is on the same tectonic plate (the North American Plate) and is part of North America geographically.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1401126", "chunk_text": "\"Nordic countries\"\nNordic countries The Nordic countries or the Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic,of people primarily of North-Germanic descent, where they are most commonly known as \"\"Norden\"\" (literally \"\"the North\"\"). The term includes Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, as well as Greenland and the Faroe Islands—which are both part of the Kingdom of Denmark—and the Åland Islands and Svalbard—archipelagos belonging to Finland and Norway respectively. Scandinavians, who comprise over three quarters of the region's population, are the largest group, followed by Finns, who comprise the majority in Finland; other groups are indigenous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11540696", "chunk_text": "\"Greenlandic independence\"\nGreenlandic independence Greenlandic independence is a political ambition of some political parties (such as Siumut, Inuit Ataqatigiit, Partii Naleraq, and Nunatta Qitornai), advocacy groups, and individuals of Greenland, an autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark, to become an independent sovereign state. Greenland's present population are predominantly Inuit descended from the Thule people who migrated from the North American mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island. The Danish claim to the island stems from Norse settlement of southern Greenland which lasted from the 980s till the 15th century. Scholars believe that the earliest known Norse settlements in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18053722", "chunk_text": "\"Greenland Sea\"\nGreenland Sea The Greenland Sea is a body of water that borders Greenland to the west, the Svalbard archipelago to the east, Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Norwegian Sea and Iceland to the south. The Greenland Sea is often defined as part of the Arctic Ocean, sometimes as part of the Atlantic Ocean. However, definitions of the Arctic Ocean and its seas tend to be imprecise or arbitrary. In general usage the term \"\"Arctic Ocean\"\" would exclude the Greenland Sea. In oceanographic studies the Greenland Sea is considered part of the Nordic Seas, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6523489", "chunk_text": "\"European colonization of the Americas\"\ncame under the control of Western European governments, leading to changes to its landscape, population, and plant and animal life. In the 19th century over 50 million people left Western Europe for the Americas. The post-1492 era is known as the period of the Columbian Exchange, a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), ideas, and communicable disease between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres following Columbus's voyages to the Americas. Norse journeys to Greenland and Canada are supported by historical and archaeological evidence. A Norse colony in Greenland was established in the late 10th century, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2147713", "chunk_text": "\"Northern America\"\nNorthern America Northern America is the northernmost region of North America. The boundaries may be drawn slightly differently. In one definition, it lies directly north of Middle America (Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America). Northern America's land frontier with the rest of North America then coincides with the Mexico–United States border. Geopolitically, according to the United Nations' scheme of geographic regions and subregions, Northern America consists of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States of America (excluding Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands and other minor US territories). Maps using the term \"\"Northern America\"\" date", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10392612", "chunk_text": "\"Greenland–European Union relations\"\nGreenland–European Union relations Greenland, an autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark (which also includes the countries of Denmark and Faroe Islands) is one of the EU countries’ overseas countries and territories (OCT). Greenland receives funding from the EU for sustainable development and has signed agreements increasing cooperation with the EU. Greenland joined the then European Community in 1973 as a county along with Denmark, but after gaining autonomy with the introduction of home rule within the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland voted to leave in 1982 and left in 1985, to become an OCT. The main reason for leaving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3763239", "chunk_text": "\"North American Plate\"\nNorth American Plate The North American Plate is a tectonic plate covering most of North America, Greenland, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. It extends eastward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and westward to the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia. The plate includes both continental and oceanic crust. The interior of the main continental landmass includes an extensive granitic core called a craton. Along most of the edges of this craton are fragments of crustal material called terranes, accreted to the craton by tectonic actions over a long span of time. It is thought", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2147715", "chunk_text": "\"Northern America\"\nthe Pacific botanical continent) and all of the Aleutian Islands, Russian as well as American, are included. Northern America Northern America is the northernmost region of North America. The boundaries may be drawn slightly differently. In one definition, it lies directly north of Middle America (Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America). Northern America's land frontier with the rest of North America then coincides with the Mexico–United States border. Geopolitically, according to the United Nations' scheme of geographic regions and subregions, Northern America consists of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States of America (excluding Hawaii, Puerto Rico,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3409317", "chunk_text": "\"North America\"\nIndigenous Americans and Asians among other less numerous groups. The dominant languages in North America are English, Spanish, and French. Danish is prevalent in Greenland alongside Greenlandic, and Dutch is spoken side by side local languages in the Dutch Caribbean. The term Anglo-America is used to refer to the anglophone countries of the Americas: namely Canada (where English and French are co-official) and the United States, but also sometimes Belize and parts of the tropics, especially the Commonwealth Caribbean. Latin America refers to the other areas of the Americas (generally south of the United States) where the Romance languages, derived", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15704389", "chunk_text": "\"Foreign relations of Greenland\"\nForeign relations of Greenland Being part of the Kingdom of Denmark, the foreign relations of Greenland are handled in cooperation with the Danish government and Government of Greenland. Unlike Denmark, Greenland is no longer part of the European Union. However, Greenland has remained a full member of the Council of Europe and NATO. With the Kingdom of Denmark having the responsibility for Greenland's international affairs, other countries do not have direct diplomatic representation in Greenland—their embassies or consulates in Denmark are responsible for their relations with Greenland and their citizens in Greenland. Greenland is represented internationally by the embassies and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1186482", "chunk_text": "\"Timeline of Greenland\"\nthe Inuit. 1721: The first Danish settlement is created near present-day Nuuk. 1776: Denmark assumes a full monopoly of trade with the island. 1800s: Greenland is explored and mapped in this period. 1814: Norway lost Greenland as a result of the Treaty of Kiel. 1940: Denmark is occupied by Nazi Germany and Greenland is therefore cut off. The United States assumes custody over the island. 1945: Greenland is given back to Denmark but the US and NATO use the island as a base for operations. 1953: Greenland is now integrated with Denmark and has representation in Denmark's parliament. 1968: An", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11103297", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nin July 1931, claiming that it constituted \"\"terra nullius\"\". Norway and Denmark agreed to submit the matter in 1933 to the Permanent Court of International Justice, which decided against Norway. Greenland's connection to Denmark was severed on 9 April 1940, early in World War II, after Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany. On 8 April 1941, the United States occupied Greenland to defend it against a possible invasion by Germany. The United States occupation of Greenland continued until 1945. Greenland was able to buy goods from the United States and Canada by selling cryolite from the mine at Ivittuut. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11103293", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nGreenland such technological innovations as dog sleds and toggling harpoons. In 1500, King Manuel I of Portugal sent Gaspar Corte-Real to Greenland in search of a Northwest Passage to Asia which, according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, was part of Portugal's sphere of influence. In 1501, Corte-Real returned with his brother, Miguel Corte-Real. Finding the sea frozen, they headed south and arrived in Labrador and Newfoundland. Upon the brothers' return to Portugal, the cartographic information supplied by Corte-Real was incorporated into a new map of the world which was presented to Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, by Alberto Cantino", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2484323", "chunk_text": "\"Boundaries between the continents of Earth\"\nof associating islands with either continent, the boundary is usually drawn between Greenland and Iceland. The Norwegian islands of Jan Mayen and Svalbard in the Arctic Ocean are usually associated with Europe. Iceland and the Azores are protrusions of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and are associated with and peopled from Europe, even though they have areas on the North American Plate. (Definitions of \"\"continents\"\" are a physical and cultural construct dating back centuries, long before the advent or even knowledge of plate tectonics; thus, defining a \"\"continent\"\" falls into the realm of physical and cultural geography, while continental plate definitions fall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8533705", "chunk_text": "Greenland\nsouthwest across Baffin Bay, and Iceland, east of Greenland in the Atlantic Ocean. Greenland also contains the world's largest national park, and it is the largest dependent territory by area in the world, as well as the fourth largest country subdivision in the world, after Sakha Republic in Russia, Australia's state of Western Australia, and Russia's Krasnoyarsk Krai, and the largest in North America. The average daily temperature of Nuuk, Greenland varies over the seasons from . The total area of Greenland is (including other offshore minor islands), of which the Greenland ice sheet covers (81%) and has a volume", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13307819", "chunk_text": "\"Geology of North America\"\nGeology of North America The geology of North America is a subject of regional geology and covers the North American continent, third-largest in the world. Geologic units and processes are investigated on a large scale to reach a synthesized picture of the geological development of the continent. The divisions of regional geology are drawn in different ways, but are usually outlined by a common geologic history, geographic vicinity or political boundaries. The regional geology of North America usually encompasses the geographic regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, the continental United States, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. The parts of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3395380", "chunk_text": "Laurasia\nformed - the Atlantic Ocean, though Greenland (attached to North America) and Europe were still joined together. The separation of Europe and Greenland occurred around 55 million years ago (at the end of the Paleocene). Laurasia finally divided into the continents after which it is named: Laurentia (now North America) and Eurasia (excluding the Indian subcontinent). Laurasia Laurasia () was the more northern of two supercontinents (the other being Gondwana) that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent around (Mya). It separated from Gondwana (beginning in the late Triassic period) during the breakup of Pangaea, drifting farther north after the split.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12875768", "chunk_text": "\"North American High\"\nStates with a cold front on its leading edge. After reaching the Atlantic Ocean, the moist environment brings on changes of the qualities of the air and the dissipation of the high-pressure cell or anticyclone as the cold air warms and becomes humid. In Europe, a portion of the North American/Canadian high usually over Greenland called the Greenland high which settles over Greenland affects northern European weather and may merge with the Scandinavian High. North American High The North American High (also \"\"Canadian High/Anticyclone\"\", sometimes in Europe \"\"Greenland High/Anticyclone\"\") is an impermanent high-pressure area or anticyclone created by \"\"anticyclogenesis\"\" (\"\"anticyclone\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14684854", "chunk_text": "\"Continental Europe\"\nContinental Europe Continental or mainland Europe is the continuous continent of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and by Europeans, simply the Continent. The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands, encompassing the Greek Islands, Cyprus, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, the Balearic Islands, Great Britain and Ireland and surrounding islands, Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago, as well as nearby oceanic islands, including the Canary Islands, Madeira, the Azores, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Svalbard. The Scandinavian Peninsula", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "791443", "chunk_text": "\"Greenland Plate\"\nthat is at the core of the North American continent. Greenland was formed in two rifting stages from the main body of North America. The first, during the Cretaceous period formed Baffin Bay. Baffin Bay is the northwestern extension and terminus of the North Atlantic-Labrador Sea rift system that started forming 140 million years ago in the Early Cretaceous epoch. The Labrador Sea started opening 69 million years ago during the Maastrichtian age but seafloor spreading appears to have ceased by the Oligocene epoch, 30–35 million years ago. Correlations between tectonic units in Canada and Greenland have been proposed, however,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11794372", "chunk_text": "Europe\nformer East Germany, and France. Historical Maps Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Since around 1850, Europe is most commonly considered to be separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Although the term \"\"continent\"\" implies physical geography, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10392621", "chunk_text": "\"Greenland–European Union relations\"\ngeostrategic importance of Greenland for the EU. The Brexit debate has reignited talk about the EU in Greenland, and there have been calls for the island to rejoin the Union. Greenland–European Union relations Greenland, an autonomous constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark (which also includes the countries of Denmark and Faroe Islands) is one of the EU countries’ overseas countries and territories (OCT). Greenland receives funding from the EU for sustainable development and has signed agreements increasing cooperation with the EU. Greenland joined the then European Community in 1973 as a county along with Denmark, but after gaining autonomy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3258	what age do you need to be to buy a bb gun?	n/a	[ "18" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1901250", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nages. People under the age of 18 are not permitted to buy airsoft guns over the counter in stores. However, a person of any age may use one (with the permission of their parents, of course, for anyone under 18). This is also the case for the laws in each state. However, in some major cities, the definition of a firearm within their respected ordinances includes propulsion by spring or compressed air, thus making airsoft subject to applicable laws. For example, airsoft guns within the state of California can only be bought by a person above the age of 18.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10801899", "chunk_text": "\"BB gun\"\nstream, and this is used to suck the BBs up into the barrel at rates as high as 3600 rounds per minute. It is possible to shoot competitively with a BB gun. The National Rifle Association youth shooting program has classifications for smoothbore BB guns, open to ages 14 – 18, and these classes are popular with youth groups such as Boy Scouts of America and 4H. Most BB-firing airguns can shoot faster than . Some airguns have the ability to fire considerably faster, even beyond . Although claims are often exaggerated, a few airguns can actually fire a standard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3613017", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nare subject to the same licence, registration, and safe handling requirements that apply to conventional firearm. A Airsoft (bb) gun may be imported if it meets the required markings. An airsoft gun that, is obviously a child's toy (e.g. made out of clear plastic), that only fires a very light pellet (less than 2g) no faster than 152.4 m/s (500 ft/s) would not be classified as a firearm under the Canadian Firearms Act. In Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec, the minimum age to purchase an airsoft gun is 18. Children under that age are still able to use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1901264", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nof their real steel counterparts. As they are not real steel firearms, airsoft guns do not require permits nor a Firearms Purchaser Identification card (also known as an FID) to purchase or own. However, to purchase an airsoft gun, one must be at least 18 years old and the gun must be sold with an orange tip in compliance with federal law. However, it is very much expected and encouraged by New Jersey law enforcement as well as its citizens that airsoft guns be treated with the same respect as their real steel counterparts. It is a crime to fire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747762", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\ndepartment. For current state laws, it is best to contact the Firearms Investigation Unit of the New Jersey State Police, or the office of the Attorney General. In Illinois, you have to be 18 to buy one at the counter, but to shoot one you can be of any age. http://scag.darkbb.com/front-page-f9/pnp-circular-no-11-t222.htm Legal issues in airsoft Airsoft is considered to be a modern shooting sport. Airsoft guns themselves are legal in many parts of the world, although some countries, states, and cities have specific restrictions against the items. For example, California State Law states that peoples of all age can use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13229492", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Delaware\"\nto buy antique guns, and guns that are not currently being made or are rare. Delaware law classifies a \"\"firearm\"\" as any weapon from which a shot, projectile or other object may be discharged by force of combustion, explosive, gas and/or mechanical means, whether operable or inoperable, loaded or unloaded. It does not include BB guns. The basic requirements to purchase a handgun are as follows: You must be 21 or older, you must have a state-registered ID, and pass a Federal background check. The basic requirements to purchase a long barrel gun are almost identical to handgun laws. You", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "958105", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Florida\"\ndefendant will be awarded all costs of defense. Buyers must be at least 21 years old to purchase any firearm in Florida. There is a waiting period of the longer of 3 business days or until background checks clear unless the purchaser has a concealed carry permit, is trading in a different firearm, the purchase is for a rifle or shotgun and the purchaser has completed a 16 hour hunter safety class in addition to holding a hunter safety certification card, or the purchaser is law enforcement or military. As state law on waiting periods and background checks do not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6516064", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Canada\"\nfirearms and other controlled items must be: Other controlled items being stored in a dwelling place must be securely locked in a container or receptacle that cannot be easily broken into, unless the agency has provided other instructions in writing. By law, a potential customer must be 18 years of age or older to purchase a firearm or legally maintain possession of one. People under the age of 18 but over the age of 12 may procure a minor’s licence, which does not allow them to purchase a firearm but allows them to borrow a firearm unsupervised and purchase ammunition.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12512052", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Pennsylvania\"\nor rifle of a certain length or longer. Below the age restriction for purchasing a long gun is 18, and the age restriction for purchasing a handgun is 21. Although someone can own a handgun if they are 18 and gifted the handgun. To purchase a firearm, buyers must be at least 18 years of age. They can never have been convicted of a violent crime, must not be an undocumented immigrant, declared mentally ill by the court, a drug addict or habitual drunkard, a fugitive from justice, have been convicted of three separate DUI charges within a five-year period", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747728", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nlaw is quite unclear (concerning airsoft firearms) as to whether this kind of firearm classifies as a \"\"non-lethal weapon\"\" or \"\"toy.\"\" The law regulates the use of air-powered firearms (e.g. sport/competition use that use a metal projectile) under the \"\"non-lethal\"\" category and solely requires that one is at least 18 years old to purchase and register the firearm at the police precinct nearest to one's location. Any air/gas-powered weapon that shoots plastic projectiles only and does not exceed the velocity of 200 m/s (e.g.: airsoft guns) can be purchased by anyone who has 18+ years old without any need of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747684", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nwith higher muzzle energy are category C weapons and require a Firearm License (Zbrojní průkaz) and registration of the weapon. However, most airsoft guns have much lower muzzle energy than 16 Joules. Carrying any visible firearm in public places is prohibited. Airsoft guns are mentioned as exempt in the Danish \"\"Våbenlov\"\" (arms control legislation). Persons have to be at least 18 years old to buy, hand over, or possess airsoft guns. They may be used on police-approved sites, with a permission slip, at the age of 16. A firearms certificate is not required. All airsoft guns have to be transported", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3591251", "chunk_text": "Airsoft\nairsoft skirmishing The minimum age for buying any imitation firearm in the UK is 18. It is an offence to possess an imitation firearm in a public place without a reasonable excuse, for example travelling to, or from, or being at an airsoft skirmish site. Most UK airsoft sites and retailers participate in the United Kingdom Airsoft Retailer Association (UKARA) registration scheme. A player who has participated in at least 3 skirmishes over a period of at least 56 days at the same skirmish site can be registered by that site. Retailers have access to the database to verify that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8399410", "chunk_text": "Armslist\nfirearms related products. Ever since its founding the site has greatly expanded and now hosts thousands of listings at a time. Before any user can enter the site they must agree to a statement that they are 18 years old, will follow all local, state and federal laws, they will not use Armslist for any illegal purposes, and several other smaller clauses. The site is formatted with 6 different sections and multiple subsections along with sections dedicated to each state in the United States and regions of those states so that buyers can find local sellers. The sections are Firearms,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747689", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\n14. In addition, they must not be worn in public as they can be authentic looking weapons. If the muzzle energy is between 0.5 and 7.5 joules, Airsoft guns are no longer seen as toy guns. In that case, they are treated as air rifles, the minimum age for purchasing and / or using an airsoft gun is 18 years. These guns need a special marking, the so-called \"\"F in a pentagon\"\" and have to be not able to shoot fully automatically, otherwise they are illegal to possess. The trade and possession of Airsoft guns is otherwise mainly unrestricted, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454593", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Michigan\"\na private seller, but first must obtain a purchasing permit which is good for 30 days. At the age of 18 or up, it is legal to buy a pistol with a purchase license from a private seller, at the age of 21, it is legal to buy a firearm from a Federally licensed (FFL) dealer. No purchase license is required to purchase a long gun (a firearm that is more than 26 inches long) in Michigan. According to state law, a long gun may be purchased by anyone aged 18 or over who is not subject to restrictions based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15749480", "chunk_text": "\"Overview of gun laws by nation\"\nTo own a firearm in Argentina, one must be a legitimate user. Applicants must: be 21 years of age or older, provide a medical certificate that certifies they are physically and mentally fit, complete a safety course, provide a legitimate means of income, undergo and pass a background check. A successful applicant is fingerprinted and issued a license which has to be renewed every five years. One may not legally fire a firearm in Argentina if they are not a legitimate user, even if that gun belongs to someone else. Once a legitimate user wants to purchase a firearm, they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747724", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nformal definition of an Airsoft gun is a recreational firearm reproduction (a\"\"replica\"\" have a different legal application under the same law). However, in order to be characterized as a recreational firearm reproduction, its muzzle energy must not exceed 1.3 J (equivalent to a muzzle velocity of 374 fps with a 0,2g BB). The minimum age to purchase and use these reproductions is 18 years old but can drop to 16 if a written parental consent is issued. Under the same act, to purchase and operate an Airsoft gun, one must be a member of an APD - Sport Promotion Association.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747687", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nis forbidden. All replica firearms must be covered with something, for example, a firearm case, when moving on public area. Land owner's permission is needed to play airsoft in any area. Minors (under the age of 18) are able to purchase airsoft guns only with written permission from their legal guardians. Visible transportation of replica firearms in public areas is forbidden. They must be covered with something like a firearm case. Land owner's permission is needed to play airsoft in any area. An orange marking on the tip is not needed. Minors (under 18) can only buy airsoft guns which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "960963", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in New York\"\n(e.g. in the trunk of a vehicle). Gun shows: New York requires anyone who buys a gun at a gun show to pass a background check. Youth and firearms: Youths between ages 14 and 21 may shoot a handgun at a range only if they are under the supervision of a military officer or licensed professional, have not been convicted of a felony, and do not seem to be a danger to themselves or others. Youths between 12 and 15 may only possess to load or fire an firearm when supervised by an adult with specific qualifications. Children under the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1901242", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\n146, 147, 148 and 149 of said Weapons Regulation also apply.<br> One must be at least 18 years old to buy and use airsoft firearms. Minors (under the age of 18) can practice targetshooting under supervision by the legal guardian of the minor. In order to possess a CO, air, or spring operated firearm without a license, the impact energy of a projectile fired at a distance of four meters (from the muzzle) must be less than ten joules. As of 2 January 2015 it is legal to own and import gas operated airsoft weapons. In Switzerland, airsoft guns are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8580951", "chunk_text": "\"Overview of gun laws by nation\"\nfor convicted offenders and those with a history of mental illness. Licenses must be renewed every 3 or 5 years (or 10 years in the Northern Territory and South Australia). Full License-holders must be 18 years of age; minor's permits allow using a firearm under adult supervision by those as young as 12 in most states. Handguns may be obtained by primary producers (farmers) in some states, sporting (target) shooters, and certain security guards after serving a probationary six-month period with a shooting club. Restricted weapons include military weapons, semi-automatic rifles (regardless of capacity or calibre), pump-action and semi-automatic shotguns.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9650484", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Iowa\"\non his or her person in Iowa. A Permit To Acquire (PTA), obtained from the sheriff of the county of the applicant's residence, is required when purchasing or otherwise acquiring a handgun, either from a dealer or from a private party. A Permit To Acquire shall be issued to qualified applicants aged 21 or older. The PTA becomes valid three days after the date of application, and is valid for five years. A PTA is not required when purchasing an antique handgun, defined as one made in or before 1898 and including post-1898 replicas of matchlock, flintlock, or percussion cap", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "70462", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Ohio\"\nyou must be above 21 years of age. It is also illegal to sell or furnish a firearm to anyone younger than 18, and a handgun to anyone younger than 21. In Ohio there are also a few other laws that are important to be mindful of. It is illegal to consciously fire a firearm while inside or on a motor vehicle. Antique or replica rifles, shotguns, and handguns are supposed to be treated with the same urgency and under the same law a modern firearm would be. Antiques or replicas have to be carried and purchased under modern Ohio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454594", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Michigan\"\non criminal history, mental health history, or other disqualifying factor. A person must be at least 18 years old to purchase a long gun from a federal dealer or a private seller under Michigan law. Only Michigan residents may purchase pistols (meaning firearms that are 26 inches or less in length) in Michigan. Residents of any state may purchase long guns in Michigan and Michigan residents may purchase long guns in any state NON-CPL Holders Only that are buying a pistol from a private seller: An individual must apply to their local police or sheriff's department for a purchase license", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15749494", "chunk_text": "\"Overview of gun laws by nation\"\na firearm is 18 years. A separate permit that allows carrying of a concealed firearm, with all the same requirements, is available to those aged 21 and over. Certain kinds of firearms and ammunition, such as automatic firearms, long guns whose barrels have been shortened, or armor-piercing rounds, are prohibited even for licensed gun owners. In the United States, gun laws are found in a number of federal statutes, enforced by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The right to keep and bear arms is protected by the Second Amendment to the Constitution, and most state constitutions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4161658", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Oklahoma\"\nbe 18 years of age to possess or own firearms, with a few exceptions for special circumstances. When purchasing a firearm from a dealer, one must complete a federal background check. This process (passing the background check) usually only takes a few minutes, but the government has up to three days to complete the background check. After three days, the dealer has the right to proceed or deny the transfer. There is no limit to the number of firearms that a person may buy or own under state law. Minors may own firearms that are given to them by their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3219130", "chunk_text": "\"National Firearms Agreement\"\nfor firearm sales, and tightened firearm licensing rules. The law requires anyone wishing to possess or use a firearm with some exceptions, be over the age of 12. Owners must be at least 18 years of age, have secure storage for their firearms and provide a \"\"genuine reason\"\" for doing so. In 1997, the Prime Minister appointed the Australian Institute of Criminology to monitor the effects of the gun buyback. The institute has published a number of papers reporting trends and statistics around gun ownership and gun crime, which it has found to be mostly related to illegally held firearms.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747719", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nfirearms license. A person under 18 may not possess an air gun, but may use one under the direct supervision of someone over 18 or a firearms license holder (Direct supervision requires that the license holder be able to take control of the firearm at all times, so they must remain within arms reach). It is illegal to use these firearms in any manner that may endanger or intimidate members of the public except where there is reasonable cause such as an airsoft game. In order to import an airsoft gun, one must meet one of these stipulations: The arms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7320336", "chunk_text": "\"Air gun laws\"\nstore, transport, and ship them in a safe and secure manner. Carrying one of these firearms is permitted for those aged 14 or older. Suppressors for all firearms, including airguns, are prohibited in Canada. In the Czech Republic anyone over age of 18 can acquire air gun with a muzzle energy not exceeding . Children over age of 10 have to be supervised by adult when shooting. The only restriction on shooting place is requirement of public safety. Since firearms can be used only at the officially licensed shooting ranges air guns became popular to practice target shooting at or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9650486", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Iowa\"\n1898), or any explosive, incendiary or poison gas destructive device. Sound suppressors (\"\"silencers\"\"), short-barreled rifles (barrels under 16 inches), and short-barreled shotguns (barrels under 18 inches) may be possessed if federally registered. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> You must be 21 for a Non Professional Permit; a resident of the state of Iowa; Not addicted to alcohol; There is no documentation indicating there is probable cause exists in the past two years that you would use a weapon unlawfully or in a manner endangering yourself or others; You are not a felon; You have not been convicted of a serious or aggravated misdemeanor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5118445", "chunk_text": "\"Airsoft gun\"\nat some point owned a spring weapon, whether for its actual use in a competitive event or for the replica value since some airsoft weapons are only available as spring versions. However, some veteran airsoft players still rely on sniper rifle and shotgun-type spring guns as a primary weapon due to their reliability, high power, high accuracy and low noise, as well as their ease of repair and modification compared to AEGs and GBB guns. To be eligible to purchase a spring-powered airsoft gun in the United States, a person has to be of at least 10 years of age.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747688", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nare under 0.08 joules in power. Airsoft guns may only have a power under two joules (464 fps with 0.2g bb's), otherwise they are no longer qualified as airsoft replicas but firearms and owners should follow the French weapons law (dated 2013). Airsoft guns under 0.5 joules are deemed to be toy guns and can be used by all people above the age of 14. Some shops do still require a legal guardian to be in attendance and give permission when buying a <0.5 joule airsoft gun, however most shops sell these toy guns to anybody above the age of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7320349", "chunk_text": "\"Air gun laws\"\n\"\"produced or modified so that it can more easily be carried concealed\"\". Generally this is considered the case when the barrel has been shortened or the weapon has a folding or telescoping stock. In New Zealand any member of the public over the age of 18 may own and fire most air rifles without a firearms licence, provided they use the air rifle in a safe environment with a responsible attitude. Minors 16 and over, but under the age of 18, require a Firearms Licence to possess an air rifle – however, they may use an air rifle under adult", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10801901", "chunk_text": "\"BB gun\"\nmaximum range of a BB gun in the range is , provided the muzzle is elevated to the optimum angle. Steel BBs are also notably prone to ricochet off hard surfaces such as brick, concrete, metal, or wood end grain. Eye protection is essential when shooting BBs at these materials. More so than when shooting lead pellets, since a BB bouncing off a hard surface can retain a large portion of its initial energy (pellets usually flatten and absorb energy), and could easily cause serious eye damage. The U.S. Army trained recruits in Quick Kill techniques using Daisy Model 99", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8580859", "chunk_text": "\"Overview of gun laws by nation\"\nexception for politicians and businessmen. Applicants must be a minimum age of 21 years to obtain a firearms license, and go through a very thorough background check and mental evaluation. They must also state a genuine reason for wanting to own a firearm, which would include hunting, target shooting, collecting, security, and self-defense. All firearms must be registered. Gun permits are valid for five years and may be renewed. Civilians cannot possess military weapons, but may possess long rifles. Handguns can only be used for sport-shooting and hunting. In 2012 however, it is claimed that the police had been issuing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6747723", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nattract attention of police officers (normally they give you a warning and go away). One must be 18 to buy an Airsoft gun but there are no age restrictions to who can use one. Usually power limits are only for playing in buildings from 350fps to 450fps depending on the region with single fire restriction for stronger guns. In some regions no fps limits apply, this may vary from event to event so checking with the event organizer is a must. With the new revision of the \"\"Firearms and Ammunition Act\"\", airsoft guns are not considered as firearms. Currently, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3591250", "chunk_text": "Airsoft\nHowever, carrying an imitation firearm in public is prohibited, and a gun carry case is required, as for real firearms. Airsoft shops are spread over the country, and buyers must be aged 16 or over to purchase an airsoft gun. There is no age limit on Airsoft, as long as a minor has an adult's permission. In the United Kingdom, some Airsoft guns are classified as realistic imitation firearms or RIFs. The sale, manufacture, or importation (but not gifting) of these is illegal under the Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006. A defence is allowed for selling for specific purposes including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13229493", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Delaware\"\nmust be 18 years or older, you must also have a state-registered ID, and pass a Federal background check. Individuals that are barred from possessing firearms are those who have felony convictions. This also extends to misdemeanor violent offenses, along with all convictions that include narcotics and controlled substances. Another restriction that prevents people from obtaining firearms is if you have a mental instability or a mental illness. If you are younger than 16, unless you have supervision of an adult, you may not purchase a firearm. The only place where you are allowed to purchase a firearm without a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8830883", "chunk_text": "Paintball\nalthough some could be considered to be imitation firearms. Owners do not require a license unless the marker fires above . Only approved paintballs may be used, and the marker must not be fully automatic. The minimum age to be in possession of a marker is seventeen, except in target shooting clubs or galleries, or on private property so long as projectiles are not fired beyond the premises. It is prohibited to be in possession of a paintball marker in public places. The minimum age for a commercial venue is generally 10, although some venues provide lower-powered guns for children", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1901257", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\npurchase of airsoft guns. However, they must have an orange tip on the barrel. Texas allows airsoft guns to be owned, but most cities require that the airsoft guns be discharged only while outside city limits. Some cities in Illinois consider shipping or distributing airsoft guns illegal. In Minnesota, it is illegal for a child under the age of 14 to possess an airsoft gun unless under the supervision of a parent or adult. It is also illegal for any child under 16 to purchase an airsoft gun without parental advisory involvement. In Saint Paul and Minneapolis, airsoft guns cannot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16307246", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Australia\"\nyears (or 10 years in the Northern Territory and South Australia). Full licence-holders must be 18 years of age; minor's permits allow the use of a firearm under adult supervision by those as young as 12 in most states. Handguns may be obtained by target shooters, primary producers in some states and certain security guards after serving a probationary six-month period with a shooting club. Restricted weapons include military weapons, high-capacity semi-automatic rifles and pump-action and semi-automatic shotguns holding more than 5 rounds. A 2017 study commissioned by Gun Control Australia claimed that Australian states had significantly weakened gun laws", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1901251", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nHowever, no laws indicate an age requirement to sell airsoft guns. Generally speaking, toy, look-alike, and imitation firearms must have an orange tip during shipping and transportation. Although airsoft guns in the United States are generally sold with a 0.24in. or longer orange tip on the barrel in order to distinguish them from real firearms, this is not required by federal law. Manufacturers and importers may cite Part 272 of Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations on foreign commerce and trade (15 CFR 272), which stipulates that \"\"no person shall manufacture, enter into commerce, ship, transport, or receive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10631808", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nlimit (http://www.crgroup.bg/) and the Airsoft Sofia Field has an age restriction of 16, and players between the age of 16 and 18 can participate with parental permission. (http://airsoftsofiafield.com) Under the Canadian Firearms Program, Airsoft guns resembling with near precision an existing make and model of an arm, other than an antique arm, are considered replica arms and therefore are prohibited devices. Models resembling antique arms may be allowed. Generally, antique arms are those manufactured before 1898. Individuals may keep replica guns they owned on 1 December 1998 and no license is required, however the import or acquisition of replica firearms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4823697", "chunk_text": "\"Rick Scott\"\n21 was the minimum age to buy a handgun, but rifles could be purchased at age 18. Scott announced his support of a ban on bump stocks. Scott also stated, \"\"I want to make it virtually impossible for anyone who has mental issues to use a gun,\"\" requesting $500 million in funds for mental health and school safety programs. In March 2018, the Florida Legislature passed a bill titled the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act which incorporated many of the issues Scott supported. It raised the minimum age for buying firearms to 21, established waiting periods and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2505246", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Indiana\"\nammunition. Firearms dealers or private individuals may not sell any firearm to someone less than 18 years old, or less than 23 years old if the buyer was \"\"adjudicated a delinquent child for an act that would be a felony if committed by an adult\"\", or to a person who is mentally incompetent or is a drug or alcohol abuser. All NFA-regulated weapons and devices are legal in Indiana. Indiana honors all other states handgun licenses, though not all other states honor Indiana's license. Because there is no obligation for one state to notify another state of any change in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14869656", "chunk_text": "\"Overview of gun laws by nation\"\nFirearms are regulated by the police. Civilian gun ownership is allowed by law but discouraged by authorities, with regular press statements and campaigns denouncing the dangers of private firearms. Police-issued firearm permits require applicants to be 18 years of age, provide a mental health certificate issued by a psychiatrist, have a clean criminal record with no domestic violence accusations, and pass a written test on firearm safety and knowledge. Final approval is in the hands of the police commander of the district, who can deny the permit in \"\"justified cases\"\" not detailed in the letter of the law. There are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8580947", "chunk_text": "\"Overview of gun laws by nation\"\nissue licenses to persons in good standing who have passed a hunting examination or belonged to an approved shooting club for six months. License-holders are usually 18 years or older, and may lend a weapon to a person at least 15 years of age for supervised use. A license-holder may own up to six hunting rifles, ten handguns, or a mix of eight rifles and handguns. Firearms must be stored in an approved safe. A firearm registered for sport shooting may not be used for hunting. A concealed carry permit can be obtained under very special circumstances, such as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "119394", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Norway\"\nregulated in paragraph 7, and responsibility for issuing a gun ownership license is given to the police authority in the applicant's district. Rifle and shotgun ownership permission can be given to \"\"sober and responsible\"\" persons 18 years or older. The applicant for the permission must document a need for the weapon. Two exceptions exist to this age qualification. Persons under the age of 18, but over 16 may apply for rifle or shotgun ownership licence with the consent of parents or guardian. For handguns, the lowest ownership age is 21 with no exceptions allowed. For inherited weapons, it is up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1901209", "chunk_text": "\"Legal issues in airsoft\"\nvelocity below 100 m/s (328 ft/s) (i.e. equivalent to a muzzle energy equal or minor to one joule). Under the law, airsoft guns are not classified as firearms, but as toys. One can buy and sell them both from stores and from another private citizen, either domestically or from abroad. Internet purchasing and mail shipping is legal and unrestricted. No license or registration is required. There is no mandatory minimum age to purchase airsoft and use it. The Italian Ministry of Interior only \"\"recommends\"\" that their sale be restricted to people over the age of 18 or 14 if accompanied", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15480410", "chunk_text": "\"Gun laws in Texas\"\nGun laws in Texas Gun laws in Texas regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the U.S. state of Texas. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Texas has no laws regarding possession of any firearm regardless of age; all existing restrictions in State law mirror Federal law except for the prohibition of zip guns. A person of any age may possess a firearm such as at a firing range. Texas and Federal law only regulate the ownership of all firearms to 18 years of age or older, and regulate the transfer of handguns to 21 years or older by FFL", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3259	when did jelly beans became associated with easter?	n/a	[ "during the 1930s", "sometime during the 1930s", "1930s" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511382", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly bean\"\nbook \"\"The Century in Food: America's Fads and Favorites\"\". Most historians contend that jelly beans were first associated with celebrations of Easter in the United States sometime during the 1930s due to their egg-like shape. The basic ingredients of jelly beans include sugar, tapioca or corn syrup, and pectin or starch. Relatively minor amounts of the emulsifying agent lecithin, anti-foaming agents, an edible wax such as carnauba wax or beeswax, salt, and confectioner's glaze are also included. The ingredients that give each bean its character are also relatively small in proportion and may vary depending on the flavor. Most jelly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511385", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly bean\"\nSam Rosen, and Joe Verges and published in New Orleans during 1920 by Universal Music Publishers, Inc. Jelly bean Jelly beans are small bean-shaped sugar candies with soft candy shells and thick gel interiors. The confection is sold in a wide variety of colors and flavors, and is made primarily of sugar. It has been claimed that jelly beans were mentioned first during 1861, when Boston confectioner William Schrafft urged people to send his jelly beans to soldiers during the American Civil War. It was not until July 5, 1905, that jelly beans were mentioned in the \"\"Chicago Daily News\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2576719", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly bean\"\nJelly bean Jelly beans are small bean-shaped sugar candies with soft candy shells and thick gel interiors. The confection is sold in a wide variety of colors and flavors, and is made primarily of sugar. It has been claimed that jelly beans were mentioned first during 1861, when Boston confectioner William Schrafft urged people to send his jelly beans to soldiers during the American Civil War. It was not until July 5, 1905, that jelly beans were mentioned in the \"\"Chicago Daily News\"\". The advertisement publicized bulk jelly beans sold by volume for nine cents per pound, according to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511389", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Belly\"\npassing around a jar of jelly beans. We owe you a special measure of thanks for helping keep our state government running smoothly.\"\" In 1976, David Klein, a candy and nut distributor, collaborated with Herman Rowland to create a jelly bean using natural purees. Using the Mini Jelly Bean concept, the Jelly Belly jelly bean was created. Klein coined the name \"\"Jelly Belly\"\" as a tribute to blues musician Lead Belly, and was responsible for the design of the product's famous red and yellow trademark. Klein sold the first Jelly Belly jelly beans in 1976 at an ice cream parlor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604797", "chunk_text": "Easter\nearly Christian community of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs red in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at his crucifixion. As such, for Christians, the Easter egg is a symbol of the empty tomb. The oldest tradition is to use dyed chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute decorated chocolate, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jellybeans. The Easter Bunny is a popular legendary anthropomorphic Easter gift-giving character analogous to Santa Claus in American culture. Many Americans follow the tradition of coloring hard-boiled eggs and giving baskets of candy. On Easter Monday, the President of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511392", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Belly\"\nHouse candy during his eighth and final year in office.\"\") Reagan made them the first jelly beans in space, sending them on the Space Shuttle Challenger during the STS-7 mission in 1983, surprising the astronauts. In 2001 the company renamed itself to Jelly Belly Candy Company. The company's signature product, the Jelly Belly jelly bean, comes in more than 50 varieties, ranging from traditional flavors like orange, lemon, lime, and cherry, to more exotic ones like cinnamon, pomegranate, cappuccino, buttered popcorn, and chili-mango. Jelly Belly Candy Company manufactures numerous specialty Jelly Belly jelly beans with licensed products like Tabasco sauce", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604693", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nsubstitute chocolate eggs, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jelly beans. These eggs can be hidden for children to find on Easter morning, which may be left by the Easter Bunny. They may also be put in a basket filled with real or artificial straw to resemble a bird's nest. The Easter egg tradition may also have merged into the celebration of the end of the privations of Lent in the West. Historically, it was traditional to use up all of the household's eggs before Lent began. Eggs were originally forbidden during Lent as well as on other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511391", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Belly\"\npartner.\"\" The Jelly Belly trademark was registered August 3, 1982. The Mr. Jelly Belly character was developed in 1983. Prior to the development of the character David Klein called himself \"\"Mr. Jelly Belly.\"\" After Ronald Reagan became President in 1980, the general public became aware of his preference for Jelly Belly jelly beans. The company supplied Reagan with Jelly Belly jelly beans during his eight years of presidency. Chairman Rowland recalls, \"\"We were thrilled by press reports that President Reagan gave jars of Jelly Belly jelly beans to visiting dignitaries.\"\" (Reagan, however, \"\"started to favor M&M's as the official White", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4425144", "chunk_text": "\"Egg rolling\"\nEgg rolling Egg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs. Starting in 1835, Jacob Grimm and other writers proposed that the pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess, Eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Grimm also suggested that her symbolic animal was \"\"probably\"\" the spring hare, and that the egg symbolized the rebirth of the land in spring. Some claim that Pope Gregory the Great had ordered his missionaries to use old religious", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18487722", "chunk_text": "\"Egg tapping\"\nwas a symbol of rebirth, adopted by early Christians as a symbol of the resurrection of Jesus at Easter. During medieval times, egg tapping was practiced in Europe. For instance, the practice was mentioned to have played an important part in the 14th century in Zagreb in relation to the Easter festival. A study of folklore quotes an early 15th-century reference Poland. In North America, in colonial New Amsterdam in the 1600s, \"\"cracking of eggs\"\" was invented by Jonathon Day on Easter Monday with the winner keeping both eggs. During the Revolutionary war egg picking was observed by a British", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604734", "chunk_text": "Easter\nhave become associated with Easter and are observed by both Christians and some non-Christians include egg hunting, the Easter Bunny, and Easter parades. There are also various traditional Easter foods that vary regionally. The modern English term \"\"Easter\"\", cognate with modern Dutch \"\"ooster\"\" and German \"\"Ostern\"\", developed from an Old English word that usually appears in the form \"\"Ēastrun\"\", \"\"-on\"\", or \"\"-an\"\"; but also as \"\"Ēastru\"\", \"\"-o\"\"; and \"\"Ēastre\"\" or \"\"Ēostre\"\". The most widely accepted theory of the origin of the term is that it is derived from the name of an Old English goddess mentioned by the 7th to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10607337", "chunk_text": "\"Marinus van Dam\"\nflavor enhancing process was also used on the outer candy shell. The finished Jelly Belly contained about half the sugar of the regular jelly bean, was more flavorful, and consequently healthier than the generic jelly beans sold in stores. David Klein sold the first Jelly Belly jelly beans in a small ice cream parlor in Alhambra, California in 1976. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine, Lemon, Green Apple, Grape, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda. Marinus died on January 6, 1997, but the candy he helped create continues. Marinus van Dam Marinus van Dam (October 24, 1929 – January", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2097567", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly bean rule\"\nJelly bean rule The \"\"jelly bean rule\"\" is a rule put forth by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 19, 1994. It says that just because foods are low in fat, cholesterol, and sodium, they cannot claim to be \"\"healthy\"\" unless they contain at least 10 percent of the Daily Value (DV) of: vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, protein, fiber, or iron. The FDA also made a policy that companies could not fortify foods with the sole intent of making that claim. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) is a United States Federal law that was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8442052", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\ncultures in those areas, as well as through mercantile, religious, and political links from those areas around the Mediterranean. The Christian custom of Easter eggs, specifically, started among the early Christians of Mesopotamia, who stained eggs with red colouring \"\"in memory of the blood of Christ, shed at His crucifixion\"\". The Christian Church officially adopted the custom, regarding the eggs as a symbol of the resurrection of Jesus, with the Roman Ritual, the first edition of which was published in 1610 but which has texts of much older date, containing among the Easter Blessings of Food, one for eggs, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511388", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Belly\"\n1924. In 1960, the company expanded to jelly beans, gummy bears, and various jells. \"\"One of those new products was a small and very flavorful Mini Jelly Bean [developed in 1965].\"\" The Mini Jelly Bean center had natural flavoring, innovative for the time when only the outer shell was flavored. Ronald Reagan first tried the Mini Jelly Beans in 1966. \"\"The then California governor had quit smoking years before and turned to popping candy as a...substitute.\"\" Reagan wrote to Herman Rowland, Sr. while governor, \"\"It's gotten to the point...where we can hardly start a meeting or make a decision without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13839141", "chunk_text": "\"Sedum rubrotinctum\"\nSedum rubrotinctum Sedum rubrotinctum or Sedum\"\" × \"\"rubrotinctum, and commonly known as jelly-beans, jelly bean plant, or pork and beans. It is a species of \"\"Sedum\"\" from the \"\"Crassulaceae\"\" family of plants. Nicknamed for its short leaves that resemble jelly beans, especially when taking on a protective hue. The plant was named officially as a distinct species in 1948. It is a succulent plant originating in Mexico. The leaves of the \"\"Sedum rubrotinctum\"\" plant change colour from green to red during the summer months as a protective adaptation They sprout bright yellow flowers from between the leaves in mid-spring. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10813310", "chunk_text": "Friday\na \"\"Black Friday\"\". However, this superstition is not universal, notably in Scottish Gaelic culture: In astrology, Friday is connected with the planet Venus and is symbolized by that planet's symbol ♀. Friday is also associated with the astrological signs Libra and Taurus. In Christianity, Good Friday is the Friday before Easter. It commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus. Traditionally, Roman Catholics were obliged to refrain from eating the meat of warm-blooded animals on Fridays, although fish was allowed. The Filet-O-Fish was invented in 1962 by Lou Groen, a McDonald's franchise owner in Cincinnati, Ohio, in response to falling hamburger sales on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3095324", "chunk_text": "\"The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town\"\nhis eggs to all the townspeople, including King Bruce, who crowns him the Easter Bunny, Royal Knight of the Rainbow Eggs and he and Sunny initiate a traditional ritual of eating the eggs. However, Lily, disappointed in her nephew, chases Sunny out, outlaws eggs, and sends him to bed without supper. After Bruce tells Sunny that he knew his supper would be more beans, anyway, Sunny promises to bring him very special beans next Easter. The following year, Sunny, Hallelujah, and Herbert the Baker (Michael McGovern) make the first Easter jelly beans. However, upon their way to Town to deliver", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18346997", "chunk_text": "\"Coffee jelly\"\nCoffee jelly Recipes for coffee jelly appear in cookbooks published in England as early as 1817. The earliest recipes call for coffee to be mixed with calves' foot jelly and sometimes call for isinglass or other clarifiers. After the introduction of packaged gelatin, most recipes call for the gelatin to be dissolved in the hot coffee and then molded. In the early 20th century coffee jelly was promoted as a healthier alternative to hot coffee, as it was thought the gelatin would absorb excess acid in the stomach. Jell-O launched a short lived coffee gelatin mix in 1918, but the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511386", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Belly\"\nJelly Belly Jelly Belly Candy Company, formerly known as Herman Goelitz Candy Company and Goelitz Confectionery Company, manufactures Jelly Belly jelly beans and other candy. It is based in Fairfield, California, with a second manufacturing facility in North Chicago, Illinois and a distribution center in Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin. In October 2008, the company opened a manufacturing plant in Rayong, Thailand where it produces confectionery for the international market. Gustav Goelitz came to the United States in 1866 and in 1869 started the confectionery business Gustav Goelitz in Belleville, Illinois. His younger brothers, Albert and George, emigrated to America soon after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604730", "chunk_text": "Easter\nEaster Easter, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD. It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus, preceded by Lent (or Great Lent), a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance. Most Christians refer to the week before Easter as \"\"Holy Week\"\"—it contains the days of the Easter Triduum, including Maundy Thursday, commemorating the Maundy and Last Supper, as well", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4425153", "chunk_text": "\"Egg rolling\"\nother traditions such as egg tapping and egg decorating. Egg rolling Egg rolling, or an Easter egg roll is a traditional game played with eggs at Easter. Different nations have different versions of the game, usually played with hard-boiled, decorated eggs. Starting in 1835, Jacob Grimm and other writers proposed that the pre-Christian Saxons had a spring goddess, Eostre, whose feast was held on the Vernal Equinox, around 21 March. Grimm also suggested that her symbolic animal was \"\"probably\"\" the spring hare, and that the egg symbolized the rebirth of the land in spring. Some claim that Pope Gregory the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604715", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nkilled and brought back to life. The plays take place in England during Easter. In 1873 J.S. Fry & Sons of England introduced the first chocolate Easter egg in Britain. In Western cultures, the giving of chocolate eggs is now commonplace, with 80 million Easter eggs sold in the UK alone. Formerly, the containers Easter eggs were sold in contained large amounts of plastic, although in the United Kingdom this has gradually been replaced with recyclable paper and cardboard. In the Indian state of Goa, the Goan Catholic version of marzipan is used to make easter eggs. In the Philippines,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18890651", "chunk_text": "\"The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town\"\nEaster eggs Sunny hides, King Bruce and his servants enjoy eating the jelly beans, and the children are loved by all the townspeople. But Lily, outraged, sends her guards out to arrest them, but Sunny and the children leave just in time, and promise to return next year. Next Easter, Sunny has the candy maker come up with a secret weapon of his own for their next visit. Hallelujah suggests Sunny should do something for Bruce so he can stand up to Lily, which Sunny agrees to and goes to the Kidville seamstress and pillow makers for this idea. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13045054", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Babies\"\nJelly Babies Jelly Babies are a type of soft sugar jelly sweet, shaped as plump babies in a variety of colours. They were first manufactured in Lancashire, England in the 19th century. Their popularity waned in England before being revived by Bassett's of Sheffield, Yorkshire who were responsible for mass-producing Jelly Babies from 1918. 'Jelly Babies' are known at least since advertisements by Riches Confectionery Company of 22 Duke St, London Bridge in 1885, along with a variety of other baby-sweets including 'Tiny Totties' and 'Sloper's Babies'. But the pricing of these at a farthing each suggests that they were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11198245", "chunk_text": "\"Hot Cross Buns\"\nHot Cross Buns Hot Cross Buns is an English language nursery rhyme, Easter song, and street cry referring to the spiced English bun known as a hot cross bun, which is associated with the end of Lent and is eaten on Good Friday in various countries. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 13029. The most common modern version is: The earliest record of the rhyme is in \"\"Christmas Box\"\", published in London in 1798. However, there are earlier references to the rhyme as a street cry in London, for example in the \"\"Poor Robin's Almanack\"\" for 1733,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8103764", "chunk_text": "\"Sedum rubrotinctum\"\ncause irritation when ingested or touched. Sedum rubrotinctum Sedum rubrotinctum or Sedum\"\" × \"\"rubrotinctum, and commonly known as jelly-beans, jelly bean plant, or pork and beans. It is a species of \"\"Sedum\"\" from the \"\"Crassulaceae\"\" family of plants. Nicknamed for its short leaves that resemble jelly beans, especially when taking on a protective hue. The plant was named officially as a distinct species in 1948. It is a succulent plant originating in Mexico. The leaves of the \"\"Sedum rubrotinctum\"\" plant change colour from green to red during the summer months as a protective adaptation They sprout bright yellow flowers from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18347000", "chunk_text": "\"Coffee jelly\"\ncubes of chilled coffee jelly in a bowl. Coffee jelly Recipes for coffee jelly appear in cookbooks published in England as early as 1817. The earliest recipes call for coffee to be mixed with calves' foot jelly and sometimes call for isinglass or other clarifiers. After the introduction of packaged gelatin, most recipes call for the gelatin to be dissolved in the hot coffee and then molded. In the early 20th century coffee jelly was promoted as a healthier alternative to hot coffee, as it was thought the gelatin would absorb excess acid in the stomach. Jell-O launched a short", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13045056", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Babies\"\n- strawberry), Bubbles (yellow - lemon), Baby Bonny (pink - raspberry), Boofuls (green - lime), Bigheart (purple - blackcurrant) and Bumper (orange). The introduction of different shapes and names was an innovation, circa 1989, prior to which all colours of jelly baby were a uniform shape. In 2007, Bassett's jelly babies changed to include only natural colours and ingredients. There are many brands of jelly babies, as well as supermarket own brands. A line of sweets called Jellyatrics were launched by Barnack Confectionery Ltd to commemorate the Jelly Baby's 80th birthday. Like most other gummy sweets, they contain gelatin. Jelly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13045055", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Babies\"\nvery much larger than the modern Jelly Baby. The sweets were invented in 1864 by an Austrian immigrant working at \"\"Fryers of Lancashire\"\" and were originally marketed as \"\"Unclaimed Babies\"\". By 1918 they were produced by Bassett's in Sheffield as \"\"Peace Babies\"\" to mark the end of World War I. Bassett's themselves have supported the \"\"Peace Babies\"\" part. Production was suspended during World War II due to wartime shortages. In 1953 the product was relaunched as \"\"Jelly Babies\"\". The most noted modern manufacturer of Jelly Babies, Bassett's, now allocate individual name, shape, colour and flavour to different 'babies': Brilliant (red", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511390", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Belly\"\ncalled Fosselman's in Alhambra, California. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine, Lemon, Green Apple, Grape, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda. It was David Klein's idea \"\"...to sell them as separate flavors instead of a variety pack...\"\". Marinus van Dam, product developer and plant manager for the company, oversaw the development of Jelly Belly jelly beans. By the 1980s, many flavors had been developed. In 1980, Klein sold his interest in the Jelly Belly name. \"\"David Klein sold the Jelly Belly trademark to Rowland for $4.8 million, paid in monthly installments over 20 years, which Klein split with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10511384", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly bean\"\nIn United States slang during the 1910s and early 1920s, a \"\"Jellybean\"\" or \"\"Jelly-Bean\"\" was a young man who dressed stylishly but had little else to recommend him, similar to the older terms \"\"dandy\"\" and \"\"fop\"\". F. Scott Fitzgerald published a story about such a character, \"\"The Jelly-Bean,\"\" during 1920. In William Faulkner's 1929 novel \"\"The Sound and the Fury\"\", Jason complained about his niece Quentin's promiscuity, remarking that even \"\"the town jellybeans\"\" gave her the \"\"go-by\"\". The song \"\"Jelly Bean (He's a Curbstone Cutie)\"\" was made popular during the 1940s by Phil Harris. It was written by Jimmie Dupre,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8442054", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\neggs red, the early Christians of Mesopotamia also stained Easter eggs green and yellow. Influential 19th century folklorist and philologist Jacob Grimm speculates, in the second volume of his \"\"Deutsche Mythologie\"\", that the folk custom of Easter eggs among the continental Germanic peoples may have stemmed from springtime festivities of a Germanic goddess known in Old English as Ēostre (namesake of modern English \"\"Easter\"\") and possibly known in Old High German as \"\"Ostara\"\" (and thus namesake of Modern German \"\"Ostern\"\" 'Easter'): Although one of the Christian traditions are to use dyed or painted chicken eggs, a modern custom is to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13045058", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Babies\"\njelly babies (or, in the US, the much harder jelly beans) after it was reported that George Harrison liked eating them. In the British television programme \"\"Doctor Who\"\", jelly babies were often mentioned in the classic series as a confection The Doctor, an alien time traveller, favoured. First seen being consumed by the Second Doctor, they became most associated with Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor, who had a predilection for offering them to strangers in order to defuse tense situations (and in one episode bluffing another alien into thinking them a weapon). The Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Doctors,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16911167", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly shoes\"\nof the 10,000 people living in Farroupilha, Brazil. In March 1981, Haag struck a deal to distribute Grendene's plastic shoes in the southeastern US through a new company named Grendha, which introduced the shoes during the 1982 World's Fair. While successful, according to Haag the jellies really landed on the map in America in February 1983, after Bloomingdale's, a trendy department store in New York City, ordered 2,400 pairs in nine styles. Jelly shoes companies like Holster in Australia are now adding trending health features and benefits to the shoes as well. Holster's jelly shoes are recyclable, odor resistant and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11947151", "chunk_text": "\"Swiss roll\"\npublished reference for a rolled cake spread with jelly was in the \"\"Northern Farmer\"\", a journal published in Utica, New York, in December 1852. Called “To Make Jelly Cake”, the recipe describes a modern \"\"jelly roll\"\" and reads: “Bake quick and while hot spread with jelly. Roll carefully, and wrap it in a cloth. When cold cut in slices for the table.” The terminology evolved in America for many years. From 1852 to 1877 such a dessert was called: Jelly Cake (1852), Roll Jelly Cake (1860), Swiss Roll (1872), Jelly Roll (1873), and Rolled Jelly Cake (1876). The name “Jelly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13808215", "chunk_text": "\"Bar-le-duc jelly\"\nBar-le-duc jelly Bar-le-duc jelly () is a highly regarded preparation of jelly originally composed of select whole seeded currants, typically white currants or alternatively red currants. The name \"\"Bar-le-duc\"\" refers to the geographical origin of the preparation in the French town of Bar-le-duc. Since the jelly's first documented reference in 1344, the culinary name \"\"Lorraine Jelly\"\" is occasionally used, as the city of Bar-le-duc lies within the boundaries of the former province of Lorraine. Commonly served as an accompaniment to game, spread on bread, or with foie gras, it is considered a culinary luxury, sharing an elite status akin to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8442061", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nor using artificial colourings. A greater variety of colour was often provided by tying on the onion skin with different coloured woollen yarn. In the North of England these are called pace-eggs or paste-eggs, from a dialectal form of Middle English \"\"pasche\"\". They were usually eaten after an egg-jarping (egg tapping) competition. In the Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches, Easter eggs are dyed red to represent the blood of Christ, with further symbolism being found in the hard shell of the egg symbolizing the sealed Tomb of Christ — the cracking of which symbolized his resurrection from the dead. When", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15785905", "chunk_text": "\"Hot Cross Buns\"\nwhich noted: Hot Cross Buns Hot Cross Buns is an English language nursery rhyme, Easter song, and street cry referring to the spiced English bun known as a hot cross bun, which is associated with the end of Lent and is eaten on Good Friday in various countries. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 13029. The most common modern version is: The earliest record of the rhyme is in \"\"Christmas Box\"\", published in London in 1798. However, there are earlier references to the rhyme as a street cry in London, for example in the \"\"Poor Robin's Almanack\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11814324", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nEaster egg Easter eggs, also called Paschal eggs, are decorated eggs that are usually used as gifts on the occasion of Easter. As such, Easter eggs are common during the season of Eastertide (Easter season). The oldest tradition is to use dyed and painted chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute chocolate eggs wrapped in colored foil, hand-carved wooden eggs, or plastic eggs filled with confectionery such as chocolate. However, real eggs continue to be used in Central and Eastern European tradition. Although eggs, in general, were a traditional symbol of fertility and rebirth, in Christianity, for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16052482", "chunk_text": "1980s\n\"\"The Blues Brothers\"\"), Swatch watches, and the Rubik's Cube (became a popular fad throughout the decade). Girls also wore jelly shoes, large crucifix necklaces, and braissers all inspired by Madonna's \"\"Like a Virgin\"\" music video. The following articles contain brief timelines which list the most prominent events of the decade: 1980 • 1981 • 1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1986 • 1987 • 1988 • 1989 1980s The 1980s (pronounced \"\"nineteen-eighties\"\", commonly shortened as the \"\"'80s\"\", pronounced \"\"eighties\"\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1980, and ended on December 31, 1989.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8442058", "chunk_text": "\"Easter egg\"\nhornazo (traditionally eaten on and around Easter) contains hard-boiled eggs as a primary ingredient. In Hungary, eggs are used sliced in potato casseroles around the Easter period. Some Christians symbolically link the cracking open of Easter eggs with the empty tomb of Jesus. In the Orthodox churches, Easter eggs are blessed by the priest at the end of the Paschal Vigil (which is equivalent to Holy Saturday), and distributed to the faithful. The egg is seen by followers of Christianity as a symbol of resurrection: while being dormant it contains a new life sealed within it. Similarly, in the Roman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14888042", "chunk_text": "\"Hot cross bun\"\nHot cross bun A hot cross bun is a spiced sweet bun made with currants or raisins, marked with a cross on the top, and traditionally eaten on Good Friday in the British Isles, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and some parts of the Americas. The cake marks the end of Lent and different parts of the hot cross bun have a certain meaning, including the cross representing the crucifixion of Jesus, and the spices inside signifying the spices used to embalm him at his burial. They are now available all year round in some places. Hot cross buns", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13019108", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Yeggs\"\non the Easter Bunny, leaving the hapless hen-fruit handler hanging high up in a tree. Bugs' parting shot: \"\"Remember, Doc, keep smiling!\"\" (in reference to Mel Blanc's Happy Postman from the radio version of \"\"The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show\"\"). The cartoon irises out as Bugs starts laughing. Easter Yeggs Easter Yeggs is a \"\"Looney Tunes\"\" animated short originally released theatrically on June 28, 1947, featuring Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd. The title is a play on \"\"Easter eggs\"\" and on \"\"yegg\"\", a slang term for a burglar or safecracker. Bugs Bunny finds the Easter Bunny (also called the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11814428", "chunk_text": "Easter\nholiday in Tasmania, varying between award, and was also a public holiday in Victoria until 1994. In the United States, because Easter falls on a Sunday, which is already a non-working day for federal and state employees, it has not been designated as a federal or state holiday. Easter parades are held in many American cities, involving festive strolling processions, with the New York City parade being the best known. The egg is an ancient symbol of new life and rebirth. In Christianity it became associated with Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. The custom of the Easter egg originated in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2819055", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Bunny\"\nboth bring gifts to children on the night before their respective holidays. The custom was first mentioned in Georg Franck von Franckenau's \"\"De ovis paschalibus\"\" ('About Easter Eggs') in 1682, referring to a German tradition of an Easter Hare bringing Easter eggs for the children. The hare was a popular motif in medieval church art. In ancient times, it was widely believed (as by Pliny, Plutarch, Philostratus, and Aelian) that the hare was a hermaphrodite. The idea that a hare could reproduce without loss of virginity led to an association with the Virgin Mary, with hares sometimes occurring in illuminated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2576733", "chunk_text": "\"Jelly Belly\"\n\"\"Vomit\"\", \"\"Earwax\"\", \"\"Skunk Spray\"\", and \"\"Rotten Egg\"\". A similar product dubbed \"\"BeanBoozled\"\" pairs lookalike \"\"normal\"\" flavors with weird flavors, such as \"\"Peach\"\" and \"\"Barf\"\". \"\"Sport Beans\"\" are jelly beans designed to provide physical energy and enhance athletic performance. They contain carbohydrates, electrolytes (in the form of sodium and potassium), and vitamins B1, B2, B3 and C. \"\"Extreme Sport Beans\"\" include the additional boost of caffeine. The company makes over 100 different confections, including chocolates, licorice, gummis, and candy corn. The company operates three manufacturing plants in Fairfield, California; North Chicago, Illinois; and Rayong, Thailand. A fourth facility in Pleasant Prairie,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1693780", "chunk_text": "\"Gelatin dessert\"\ndecorative shapes to individual serving cups. Before gelatin became widely available as a commercial product, the most typical gelatin dessert was \"\"calf's foot jelly\"\". As the name indicates, this was made by extracting and purifying gelatin from the foot of a calf. This gelatin was used for savory dishes in aspic, or was mixed with fruit juice and sugar for a dessert. In the eighteenth century, gelatin from calf's feet, isinglass and hartshorn was colored blue with violet juice, yellow with saffron, red with cochineal and green with spinach and allowed to set in layers in small, narrow glasses. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5423057", "chunk_text": "\"Names of Easter\"\nNames of Easter The Christian holiday Easter has several names. The names differ depending on languages, but most are derived from Greek and Latin \"\"pascha\"\". The modern English term \"\"Easter\"\" developed from the Old English word \"\"Ēastre\"\" or \"\"Ēostre\"\" (), which itself developed prior to 899, originally referring to the name of the Anglo-Saxon goddess Ēostre. Old English \"\"Eōstre\"\" continues into modern English as \"\"Easter\"\" and derives from Proto-Germanic \"\"austrōn\"\" meaning 'dawn', itself a descendent of the Proto-Indo-European root *\"\"aus-\"\", meaning 'to shine' (modern English \"\"east\"\" also derives from this root). Writing in the 8th century, the Anglo-Saxon monk Bede", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16038858", "chunk_text": "\"Easter Holidays\"\nEaster Holidays \"\"Easter Holidays\"\" is a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, which he wrote at age fifteen in 1787. It is one of his earliest known poems and was included in a letter to his brother Luke. The poem describes the joy of Easter but also warns of possible future sorrows after one loses his innocence. The poem concludes with a Neoplatonic emphasis of virtue being able to conquer suffering. \"\"Easter Holidays\"\", along with \"\"Dura Navis\"\" and \"\"Nil Pejus est Caelibe Vita\"\", is one of Coleridge's earliest known poems. The poem was written in 1787 while Coleridge attended Christ's Hospital,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3260	who introduced the first chrismas tree to the uk?	n/a	[ "Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52499", "chunk_text": "Christmas\nan axe to an oak tree dedicated to Thor and pointed out a fir tree, which he stated was a more fitting object of reverence because it pointed to heaven and it had a triangular shape, which he said was symbolic of the Trinity. The English language phrase \"\"Christmas tree\"\" is first recorded in 1835 and represents an importation from the German language. From Germany the custom was introduced to Britain, first via Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, and then more successfully by Prince Albert during the reign of Queen Victoria. By 1841 the Christmas tree had become even", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150835", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nHans Christian Andersen in 1865. He had published a fairy-tale called \"\"The Fir-Tree\"\" in 1844, recounting the fate of a fir-tree being used as a Christmas tree. Although the tradition of decorating churches and homes with evergreens at Christmas was long established, the custom of decorating an entire small tree was unknown in Britain until some two centuries ago. At the time of the personal union with Hanover, George III's German-born wife, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, introduced a Christmas tree at a party she gave for children in 1800. The custom did not at first spread much beyond the royal family.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150823", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\norigins are sometimes associated with Protestant Christian reformer Martin Luther, who is said to have first added lighted candles to an evergreen tree. The first recorded Christmas tree can be found on the keystone sculpture of a private home in Turckheim, Alsace (then part of Germany, today France), dating 1576. While today the Christmas tree is a recognized symbol for the holidays, it was once a pagan tradition unassociated with Christmas traditions. Modern Christmas trees have been related to the \"\"tree of paradise\"\" of medieval mystery plays that were given on 24 December, the commemoration and name day of Adam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8367612", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nwhite and gold. First introduced by North American Lutherans in 1957, the practice has rapidly spread to other Christian denominations, including Anglicans, Catholics, Methodists, and the Reformed. \"\"Chrismon\"\" (plural \"\"Chrismons\"\") was adopted for the type of Christmas decoration and explained as a portmanteau of \"\"Christ-monogram\"\" (a Christogram). Both setting up and taking down a Christmas tree are associated with specific dates. Traditionally, Christmas trees were not brought in and decorated until Christmas Eve (24 December) or, in the traditions celebrating Christmas Eve rather than the first day of Christmas, 23 December, and then removed the day after Twelfth Night (5", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5781515", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas decoration\"\ntriangular shape, which he said was symbolic of the Trinity. However, the English-language phrase \"\"Christmas tree\"\" is first recorded in 1835 and represents an importation from the German language. From Germany the custom was introduced to England, first via Queen Charlotte, wife of George III, and then more successfully by Prince Albert during the early reign of Queen Victoria. The influential 1840s image of the Queen's decorated evergreen was republished in the U.S, and as the first widely circulated picture of a decorated Christmas tree in America, the custom there spread. Christmas trees may be decorated with lights and ornaments.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52482", "chunk_text": "Christmas\nScrooge became a synonym for miser, with \"\"Bah! Humbug!\"\" dismissive of the festive spirit. In 1843, the first commercial Christmas card was produced by Sir Henry Cole. The revival of the Christmas Carol began with William Sandys's \"\"Christmas Carols Ancient and Modern\"\" (1833), with the first appearance in print of \"\"The First Noel\"\", \"\"I Saw Three Ships\"\", \"\"Hark the Herald Angels Sing\"\" and \"\"God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen\"\", popularized in Dickens' \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\". In Britain, the Christmas tree was introduced in the early 19th century following the personal union with the Kingdom of Hanover by Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13449830", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas lights\"\n'fairy lights', describing 'a small coloured light used in illuminations' had already entered English: its usage for a string of electrically powered Christmas lights has been common in the UK ever since. The first known electrically illuminated Christmas tree was the creation of Edward H. Johnson, an associate of inventor Thomas Edison. While he was vice president of the Edison Electric Light Company, a predecessor of today's Con Edison electric utility, he had Christmas tree light bulbs especially made for him. He proudly displayed his Christmas tree, which was hand-wired with 80 red, white and blue electric incandescent light bulbs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150834", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nbrightly lit form. In the early 19th century, the custom became popular among the nobility and spread to royal courts as far as Russia. Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg introduced the Christmas tree to Vienna in 1816, and the custom spread across Austria in the following years. In France, the first Christmas tree was introduced in 1840 by the duchesse d'Orléans. In Denmark a Danish newspaper claims that the first attested Christmas tree was lit in 1808 by countess Wilhemine of Holsteinborg. It was the aging countess who told the story of the first Danish Christmas tree to the Danish writer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11005974", "chunk_text": "\"A Christmas Carol\"\noutlook. By the end of 1842 Dickens was a well-established author, having written six major works, as well as several short stories, novellas and other pieces. At the end of December of that year he began publishing his novel \"\"Martin Chuzzlewit\"\" as a monthly serial; the novel was his favourite work, but sales were disappointing and he faced temporary financial difficulties. Celebrating the Christmas season had been growing in popularity through the Victorian era. The Christmas tree had been introduced in Britain during the 18th century, and its use was popularised by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Their practice was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150847", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nin New England generally \"\"Christmas is not much celebrated\"\", whereas in Pennsylvania and New York it is. When Edward H. Johnson was vice president of the Edison Electric Light Company, a predecessor of Con Edison, he created the first known electrically illuminated Christmas tree at his home in New York City in 1882. Johnson became the \"\"Father of Electric Christmas Tree Lights\"\". The lyrics sung in the United States to the German tune begin \"\"O Christmas tree...\"\", giving rise to the mistaken idea that the German word (fir tree) means \"\"Christmas tree\"\", the German word for which is instead .", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1833094", "chunk_text": "\"Chrismon tree\"\nChrismon tree A Chrismon tree is an evergreen tree often found in the chancel or nave of a church during Advent and Christmastide. The Chrismon tree was first used by North American Lutherans in 1957, although the practice has spread to other Christian denominations, including Anglicans, Catholics, Methodists, and the Reformed. As with the Christmas tree, the evergreen tree itself, for Christians, \"\"symbolizes the eternal life Jesus Christ provides\"\". However, the Chrismon tree differs from the traditional Christmas tree in that it \"\"is decorated only with clear lights and Chrismons made from white and gold material\"\", the latter two being", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1608276", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas pyramid\"\ncustom spread across Europe, mainly to Italy and England and was brought to America by German immigrants in the 1700s. The origins of the Christmas pyramids date back to the Middle Ages. In this period it was traditional in southern and western Europe to bring evergreen branches, for example boxwood, into the home and hang them in order to ward off moroseness in the dark and cold winter months. In northern and eastern Europe traditional candles were used to achieve this goal. The Christmas pyramid would eventually unify these two traditions and become a symbol of Christmas celebrations. The forerunner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8414205", "chunk_text": "\"Singing Christmas Tree\"\nupon the location. Since then, the singing Christmas tree concept has spread to Canada, the Philippines, South Korea, Switzerland and Sri Lanka. The most attended tree takes place in Knoxville, Tennessee, with 60,000 attendees in 2007. The first Christmas trees came to the United States in the 1740s from Moravian (now part of the Czech Republic) settlers. In 1851, the first commercial tree lot in the United States was set up in New York City. President of the United States Franklin Pierce set up the first Christmas tree in the White House in 1856. Artificial trees were first developed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150879", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\ncontamination levels are reached. A professional study on the life-cycle assessment of both real and artificial Christmas trees revealed that one must use an artificial Christmas tree at least 20 years to leave an environmental footprint as small as the natural Christmas tree. The earliest origin story of the Christmas Tree dates back to 723, when the Catholic Monk St. Boniface was evangelizing Germany. Tradition holds that he stumbled upon a pagan gathering where a group of people dancing under a decorated Oak Tree were about to sacrifice a baby in the name of Thor. Boniface took an axe and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11035925", "chunk_text": "\"Singing Christmas Tree\"\nGermany in the 19th century over concerns of deforestation in their native homeland along with fire safety issues. By the 1960s, artificial trees become very popular in the United States. Christmas caroling originated in Europe in the 13th century with an interest in the birth of Jesus, including the nativity. Caroling continued throughout Europe until the Protestant Reformation of 1517–1648 which led to the halt of the religious use of carols in some Protestant countries, such as England and Scotland. Despite being banned from European churches, they were still sung in homes and by door-to-door carolers on begging visits (charity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8367598", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nI briefly reduced their popularity but the effect was short-lived and by the mid-1920s the use of Christmas trees had spread to all classes. In 1933 a restriction on the importation of foreign trees led to the \"\"rapid growth of a new industry\"\" as the growing of Christmas trees within Britain became commercially viable due to the size of demand. By 2013 the number of trees grown in Britain for the Christmas market was approximately 8 million and their display in homes, shops and public spaces a normal part of the Christmas season. The tradition was introduced to North America", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150843", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nbecame the first widely circulated picture of a decorated evergreen Christmas tree in America. Art historian Karal Ann Marling called Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, shorn of their royal trappings, \"\"the first influential American Christmas tree\"\". Folk-culture historian Alfred Lewis Shoemaker states, \"\"In all of America there was no more important medium in spreading the Christmas tree in the decade 1850–60 than \"\"Godey's Lady's Book\"\"\"\". The image was reprinted in 1860, and by the 1870s, putting up a Christmas tree had become even more common in America. Several cities in the United States with German connections lay claim to that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12494984", "chunk_text": "Christmas\nthe era of Revolutionary France, Christian Christmas religious services were banned and the three kings cake was renamed the \"\"equality cake\"\" under anticlerical government policies. In the UK, Christmas Day became a bank holiday in 1834, Boxing Day was added in 1871. In the early-19th century, writers imagined Tudor Christmas as a time of heartfelt celebration. In 1843, Charles Dickens wrote the novel \"\"A Christmas Carol\"\" that helped revive the \"\"spirit\"\" of Christmas and seasonal merriment. Its instant popularity played a major role in portraying Christmas as a holiday emphasizing family, goodwill, and compassion. Dickens sought to construct Christmas as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14697238", "chunk_text": "Christmas\na fact recorded by \"\"The School Journal\"\" in 1897. Professor David Albert Jones of Oxford University writes that in the 19th century, it became popular for people to also use an angel to top the Christmas tree in order to symbolize the angels mentioned in the accounts of the Nativity of Jesus. The Christmas tree is considered by some as Christianisation of pagan tradition and ritual surrounding the Winter Solstice, which included the use of evergreen boughs, and an adaptation of pagan tree worship; according to eighth-century biographer Æddi Stephanus, Saint Boniface (634–709), who was a missionary in Germany, took", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19137744", "chunk_text": "\"Pre-lit tree\"\nof contemporary Christmas lights. However, Christmas tree lights were still experimental throughout the 1880s. Miniature Christmas lights were first developed in 1895 by Ralph E. Morris, an employee of the New England Telephone Company. Morris’ idea for miniature Christmas lights occurred as he was looking at the tiny bulbs on telephone switchboards. However, many Americans still distrusted the safety of electric lights throughout the early 1900s and candles were still used to illuminate trees. The early Christmas tree lights were simply night-lights strung together to form light strings. When General Electric commercially introduced Christmas lights, they quickly became popular.<ref name=\"\"History.com/video\"\"></ref>", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150837", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nmakes clear their smart cachet, German origins and association with children and gift-giving. An illustrated book, \"\"The Christmas Tree\"\", describing their use and origins in detail, was on sale in December 1844. On 2 January 1846 Elizabeth Fielding (née Fox Strangways) wrote from Laycock Abbey to William Henry Fox-Talbot: \"\"\"\"Constance is extremely busy preparing the Bohemian Xmas Tree. It is made from Caroline's description of those she saw in Germany\"\"\"\". In 1847 Prince Albert wrote: \"\"I must now seek in the children an echo of what Ernest [his brother] and I were in the old time, of what we felt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150845", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\na Christmas tree. August Imgard, a German immigrant living in Wooster, Ohio, is said to be the first to popularize the practice of decorating a tree with candy canes. In 1847, Imgard cut a blue spruce tree from a woods outside town, had the Wooster village tinsmith construct a star, and placed the tree in his house, decorating it with paper ornaments, gilded nuts and Kuchen. German immigrant Charles Minnegerode accepted a position as a professor of humanities at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1842, where he taught Latin and Greek. Entering into the social", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1077010", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas lights\"\nto be used. Early electric Christmas lights were introduced with electrification, beginning in the 1880s. The illuminated Christmas tree became established in the United Kingdom during Queen Victoria's reign, and through emigration spread to North America and Australia. In her journal for Christmas Eve 1832, the delighted 13-year-old princess wrote, \"\"After dinner.. we then went into the drawing-room near the dining-room. There were two large round tables on which were placed two trees hung with lights and sugar ornaments. All the presents being placed round the trees\"\". Until the availability of inexpensive electrical power in the early twentieth century, miniature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9615032", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree (drag racing)\"\nthe development of the Christmas Tree, which was debuted by Chrondek at the 1963 U.S. Nationals in Indianapolis, Indiana. Another claim regarding invention of the Christmas Tree is by Wilfred H. \"\"W.H.\"\" David, Jr., founder of the Pel State Timing Association in Lafayette, Louisiana. He created the first Christmas Tree sometime in the late 1950s and sold the rights a few years later to Chrondek Corporation for mass production. The naming apparently came from the use of small glass Christmas tree lights David used for his miniature prototype. Regardless of the actual inventor(s), the Christmas Tree and timing system is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52487", "chunk_text": "Christmas\nIn 1875, Louis Prang introduced the Christmas card to Americans. He has been called the \"\"father of the American Christmas card\"\". On June 28, 1870, Christmas was formally declared a United States federal holiday. Up to the 1950s in the UK, many Christmas customs were restricted to the upper classes and better-off families. The mass of the population had not adopted many of the Christmas rituals that later became general. The Christmas tree was rare. Christmas dinner might be beef—certainly not turkey. In their stockings children might get an apple, orange, and sweets. Full celebration of a family Christmas with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15688715", "chunk_text": "\"Father Christmas\"\nFather Christmas Father Christmas is the traditional English name for the personification of Christmas. Although now known as a Christmas gift-bringer, and normally considered to be synonymous with American culture's Santa Claus which is now known worldwide, he was originally part of an unrelated and much older English folkloric tradition. The recognisably modern figure of the English Father Christmas developed in the late Victorian period, but Christmas had been personified for centuries before then. English personifications of Christmas were first recorded in the 15th century, with Father Christmas himself first appearing in the mid 17th century in the aftermath of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1518379", "chunk_text": "\"Culture of the United Kingdom\"\ntree was introduced in the early 19th century, following the personal union with the Kingdom of Hanover, by Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King George III. In 1832, the future Queen Victoria wrote about her delight at having a Christmas tree, hung with lights, ornaments, and presents placed round it. After her marriage to her German cousin Prince Albert, a hugely influential image of the British royal family with their Christmas tree at Windsor Castle was published in the \"\"Illustrated London News\"\" in 1848, after which the custom became more widespread throughout Britain. While 2001 census information suggests that over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7305156", "chunk_text": "\"Pre-lit tree\"\na wick. More elegant lamps were made from different colours of glass. The new candle holder, called a counterbalance candle holder, had a weight attached to the bottom that kept the candle standing upright. However, even with these improvements, the trees still proved to be fire hazards. The invention of the electric light added a new dimension to Christmas trees. In 1882 an inventor named Edward Hibberd Johnson working for Thomas Edison devised a way of wrapping small electric lights in red, white, and blue crêpe paper. These coloured lights that were strung on a tree provided the earliest version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150822", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nChristmas trees are variously erected on days such as the first day of Advent or even as late as Christmas Eve depending on the country; customs of the same faith hold that the two traditional days when Christmas decorations, such as the Christmas tree, are removed are Twelfth Night and, if they are not taken down on that day, Candlemas, the latter of which ends the Christmas-Epiphany season in some denominations. The Christmas tree is sometimes compared with the \"\"Yule-tree\"\", especially in discussions of its folkloric origins. Modern Christmas trees originated during the Renaissance of early modern Germany. Its 16th-century", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150844", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\ncountry's first Christmas tree: Windsor Locks, Connecticut, claims that a Hessian soldier put up a Christmas tree in 1777 while imprisoned at the Noden-Reed House, while the \"\"First Christmas Tree in America\"\" is also claimed by Easton, Pennsylvania, where German settlers purportedly erected a Christmas tree in 1816. In his diary, Matthew Zahm of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, recorded the use of a Christmas tree in 1821, leading Lancaster to also lay claim to the first Christmas tree in America. Other accounts credit Charles Follen, a German immigrant to Boston, for being the first to introduce to America the custom of decorating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18666247", "chunk_text": "Plymtree\nDevon, who was beheaded in 1469. The wainscoting is painted with figures but they are not of high aesthetic value. There is a small alabaster relief of the Resurrection of Christ which is Flemish work of about 1600. In the churchyard of St John the Baptist's church is a historic yew tree. The first known English personification of Christmas was associated with merry-making, singing and drinking. A carol attributed to Richard Smart, Rector of Plymtree from 1435 to 1477, has 'Sir Christemas' announcing the news of Christ's birth and encouraging his listeners to drink: \"\"Buvez bien par toute la compagnie,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "52500", "chunk_text": "Christmas\nmore widespread throughout Britain. By the 1870s, people in the United States had adopted the custom of putting up a Christmas tree. Christmas trees may be decorated with lights and ornaments. Since the 16th century, the poinsettia, a native plant from Mexico, has been associated with Christmas carrying the Christian symbolism of the Star of Bethlehem; in that country it is known in Spanish as the \"\"Flower of the Holy Night\"\". Other popular holiday plants include holly, mistletoe, red amaryllis, and Christmas cactus. Along with a Christmas tree, the interior of a home may be decorated with these plants, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8367599", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nin the winter of 1781 by Hessian soldiers stationed in the Province of Québec (1763–1791) to garrison the colony against American attack. General Friedrich Adolf Riedesel and his wife, the Baroness von Riedesel, held a Christmas party for the officers at Sorel, delighting their guests with a fir tree decorated with candles and fruits. The Christmas tree became very common in the United States in the early nineteenth century. The first image of a Christmas tree was published in 1836 as the frontispiece to \"\"The Stranger's Gift\"\" by Hermann Bokum. The first mention of the Christmas tree in American literature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "259457", "chunk_text": "\"Edward Hibberd Johnson\"\nEdward Hibberd Johnson Edward Hibberd Johnson (January 4, 1846 – September 9, 1917) was an inventor and business associate of American inventor Thomas Alva Edison. He was involved in many of Edison's projects, and was a partner in an early organization which evolved into the General Electric Company. When Johnson was Vice President of the Edison Electric Light Company, a predecessor of Con Edison, he created the first known electrically illuminated Christmas tree at his home in New York City in 1882. Edward H. Johnson became the Father of Electric Christmas Tree Lights. He died in an electrical accident. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7668491", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas ornament\"\nand began producing them in a wide range of designs. Soon, the whole of Germany began buying Christmas glassware from Lauscha. On Christmas Eve 1832, a young Victoria wrote about her delight at having a tree, hung with lights, ornaments, and presents placed round it. In the 1840s, after a picture of Victoria's Christmas tree was shown in a London newspaper decorated with glass ornaments and baubles from her husband Prince Albert's native Germany, Lauscha began exporting its products throughout Europe. In the 1880s, American F. W. Woolworth discovered Lauscha's baubles during a visit to Germany. He made a fortune", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14816898", "chunk_text": "\"August Imgard\"\nAugust Imgard Augustus \"\"August\"\" Imgard (1828-1904) was a German immigrant who has been recognized as an early proponent in popularizing the Christmas tree in the United States. He has also been credited with being the first to decorate it with candy canes. August Imgard emigrated from the Bavarian mountains of Germany to Wooster, Ohio before he was 20 years old and started a tailoring business. In 1847, Imgard cut a blue spruce tree from a woods outside town, had the village tinsmith construct a star, and placed the tree in his house, decorating it with paper ornaments, gilded nuts and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5737232", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Cole\"\nHenry Cole Sir Henry Cole (15 July 1808 – 18 April 1882) was a British civil servant and inventor who facilitated many innovations in commerce and education in 19th century in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Cole is credited with devising the concept of sending greetings cards at Christmas time, introducing the world's first commercial Christmas card in 1843. Henry Cole was born in Bath the son of Captain Henry Robert Cole, then of the 1st Dragoon Guards, and his wife Lætitia Dormer. He was sent in 1817 to Christ's Hospital, and upon leaving school in 1823", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10258949", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree cultivation\"\nfull-time growers to part-time farmers. One farmer in Minnesota, who began planting Christmas trees in 1967, gave his trees away for free from his modest farm for ten years before establishing a tree farming business. Other farmers started growing Christmas trees as a supplemental income for retirement or college funds, or they worked farms that were not originally established as Christmas tree farms. Various national growers' associations have been founded in Christmas tree producing nations. In the United Kingdom, the British Christmas Tree Growers Association is a trade association open to membership from Christmas tree farmers in Great Britain and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150820", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nChristmas tree A Christmas tree is a decorated tree, usually an evergreen conifer such as spruce, pine, or fir or an artificial tree of similar appearance, associated with the celebration of Christmas, originating in Northern Europe. The custom was developed in medieval Livonia (present-day Estonia and Latvia), and in early modern Germany where Protestant Germans brought decorated trees into their homes. It acquired popularity beyond the Lutheran areas of Germany and the Baltic countries during the second half of the 19th century, at first among the upper classes. The tree was traditionally decorated with \"\"roses made of colored paper, apples,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13449831", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas lights\"\nthe size of walnuts, on December 22, 1882 at his home on Fifth Avenue in New York City. Local newspapers ignored the story, seeing it as a publicity stunt. However, it was published by a Detroit newspaper reporter, and Johnson has become widely regarded as the Father of Electric Christmas Tree Lights. By 1900, businesses started stringing up Christmas lights behind their windows. Christmas lights were too expensive for the average person; as such, electric Christmas lights did not become the majority replacement for candles until 1930. In 1895, U.S. President Grover Cleveland proudly sponsored the first electrically lit Christmas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2767914", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Cole\"\ngrandmother in 1843, sold at auction for £22,500. Henry Cole Sir Henry Cole (15 July 1808 – 18 April 1882) was a British civil servant and inventor who facilitated many innovations in commerce and education in 19th century in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Cole is credited with devising the concept of sending greetings cards at Christmas time, introducing the world's first commercial Christmas card in 1843. Henry Cole was born in Bath the son of Captain Henry Robert Cole, then of the 1st Dragoon Guards, and his wife Lætitia Dormer. He was sent in 1817 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11836786", "chunk_text": "\"Alfhild Hovdan\"\nAlfhild Hovdan Alfhild Hovdan (née Olsen; 13 September 1904 – 20 February 1982) was a Norwegian journalist, and later tourist manager for the city of Oslo for more than forty years. She is known for initiating the tradition of the Trafalgar Square Christmas tree, a present from the city of Oslo to the people of London, in recognition of their assistance during World War II. Hovdan was born in Kristiania, and grew up in Skien. After examen artium she started a career as journalist. From 1927 she worked for the Swedish newspaper \"\"Stockholms Dagblad\"\", and for \"\"Oslo Aftenavis\"\" and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "859428", "chunk_text": "Christmas\ndrew a new image of \"\"Santa Claus\"\" annually, beginning in 1863. By the 1880s, Nast's Santa had evolved into the modern vision of the figure, perhaps based on the English figure of Father Christmas. The image was standardized by advertisers in the 1920s and continues through the present day. Father Christmas, a jolly, stout, bearded man who typified the spirit of good cheer at Christmas, predates the Santa Claus character. He is first recorded in early 17th century England, but was associated with holiday merrymaking and drunkenness rather than the bringing of gifts. In Victorian Britain, his image was remade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150836", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nQueen Victoria as a child was familiar with it and a tree was placed in her room every Christmas. In her journal for Christmas Eve 1832, the delighted 13-year-old princess wrote: After dinner... we then went into the drawing-room near the dining-room... There were two large round tables on which were placed two trees hung with lights and sugar ornaments. All the presents being placed round the trees... After Victoria's marriage to her German cousin Prince Albert, by 1841 the custom became even more widespread as wealthier middle-class families followed the fashion. In 1842 a newspaper advert for Christmas trees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18051753", "chunk_text": "\"Ulmus americana\"\nnorth as central Alberta, and south to Lake Worth, Florida. It also survives low desert heat at Phoenix, Arizona. Introductions across the Atlantic rarely prospered, even before the outbreak of Dutch elm disease. Introduced to the UK by James Gordon in 1752, the American elm was noted to be far more susceptible to insect foliage damage than native elms. A few, mostly young, cultivars survive in British arboreta. Introduced to the UK in 2001, the 'Princeton' cultivar was planted by Charles, Prince of Wales to form the Anniversary Avenue from the Orchard Room reception centre to the Golden Bird statue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14816899", "chunk_text": "\"August Imgard\"\nKuchen. It stood on a slowly revolving platform while a music box played and people came from miles around to view it. Imgard died in 1904, is buried in the Wooster Cemetery, and every year, a large pine tree above his grave is lit with Christmas lights. Although no longer credited as the first to introduce the Christmas tree to America, Imgard is still recognized as an early proponent. The National Confectioners Association also recognizes Imgard as the first to put candy canes on a Christmas tree; the canes were white, with no red stripes. August Imgard Augustus \"\"August\"\" Imgard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15543141", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nthe Armistice in 1918 the city of Manchester sent a tree, and £500 to buy chocolate and cakes, for the children of the much-bombarded town of Lille in northern France. In some cases the trees represent special commemorative gifts, such as in Trafalgar Square in London, where the City of Oslo, Norway presents a tree to the people of London as a token of appreciation for the British support of Norwegian resistance during the Second World War; in Boston, where the tree is a gift from the province of Nova Scotia, in thanks for rapid deployment of supplies and rescuers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150881", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\nplaced in the Cathedral of Strassburg in 1539, under the leadership of the Protestant Reformer, Martin Bucer. In the United States, these \"\"German Lutherans brought the decorated Christmas tree with them; the Moravians put lighted candles on those trees.\"\" When decorating the Christmas tree, many individuals place a star at the top of the tree symbolizing the Star of Bethlehem, a fact recorded by \"\"The School Journal\"\" in 1897. Professor David Albert Jones of Oxford University writes that in the 19th century, it became popular for people to also use an angel to top the Christmas tree in order to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3150871", "chunk_text": "\"Christmas tree\"\ntrees ranged widely in size, from a small tree to a large tree sold in department stores during the 1920s. Often, the tree branches were tipped with artificial red berries which acted as candle holders. Over the years, other styles of artificial Christmas trees have evolved and become popular. In 1930, the U.S.-based Addis Brush Company created the first artificial Christmas tree made from brush bristles. Another type of artificial tree is the aluminum Christmas tree, first manufactured in Chicago in 1958, and later in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, where the majority of the trees were produced. Most modern artificial Christmas trees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11851555", "chunk_text": "\"Jesus Christ the Apple Tree\"\nJesus Christ the Apple Tree Jesus Christ the Apple Tree (also known as Apple Tree and, in its early publications, as Christ Compared to an Apple-tree) is a poem, possibly intended for use as a carol, written in the 18th century. It has been set to music by a number of composers, including Jeremiah Ingalls (1764–1838), Elizabeth Poston (1905–1987) and John Rutter. The first known publication, beginning The Tree of Life My Soul Hath Seen, was in London's \"\"Spiritual Magazine\"\" in September, 1761. This credits \"\"R.H.\"\" as the submitter and presumed author. R.H. has been shown most likely to refer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3261	who is the present president of assam sahitya sabha?	n/a	[ "Dhrubajyoti Bora" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19494781", "chunk_text": "\"Assam Sahitya Sabha\"\nat Biswaratna Dr. Bhupen Hazarika Samannay Khetra, Barpeta Road, an administrative circle of Barpeta District of Assam. The Sabha’s 2015 session held at Kaliabor, Nagaon. The current conference will be held in Padmanath Gohain Baruah Khetra, Rupahi-Jerenga Pathar, Rudrasagar, Sivasagar from 8 February to 12 February 2017. Asam Sahitya Sabha Patrika (; Ôxôm Xahityô Xôbha Pôtrika) is an official journal of the Asam Sahitya Sabha. The first issue was appeared in October, 1927. Chandradhar Barua was the founder editor of the journal. The first president of Asam Sahitya Sabha was Padmanath Gohain Baruah during the inaugural conference at Sibsagar in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17225924", "chunk_text": "\"Sahitya Akademi\"\n(2003). Sunil Gangopadhyay was elected president in 2008, and held office until his death in 2012. The current president is Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari. The Akademi has never elected a female president although, in 2003, Mahasweta Devi unsuccessfully contested Gopi Chand Narang for the position. The Sahitya Akademi was constituted by the Government of India by a resolution passed on 15 December 1952. It was formally inaugurated on 12 March 1954. It initially functioned under executive order, but was subsequently registered as a society under the Indian Societies Registration Act, 1860. The constitution of the Sahitya Akademi provides that it shall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12734783", "chunk_text": "\"Mahim Bora\"\nMahim Bora Mahim Bora (6 July 1924 – 5 August 2016) was an Indian writer and educationist from Assam. He was elected as a president of the Assam Sahitya Sabha held in 1989 at Doomdooma. He was awarded with most notably with the Padma Shri in 2011, the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2001 and the Assam Valley Literary Award in 1998. Assam Sahitya Sabha conferred its highest honorary title \"\"Sahityacharyya\"\" on him in 2007. Mahim bora, Born on 6 July 1924 in Ghopesadharu, a tea estate in Sonitpur district .He spent his childhood in his home village Ramtamuli Chuk, Hatbar.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19494778", "chunk_text": "\"Assam Sahitya Sabha\"\nbeing. The first conference was held in the month of December 1917 under the presidency of Padmanath Gohain Baruah, a big name in the history of modern Assamese literature. Sarat Chandra Goswami was the first secretary of the Sabha. Since then the annual conference, nowadays biennial, is held with great pomp and grandeur, and a writer of high reputation is elected to the presidency of the Society. Before formal formation of Asam Sahitya Sabha, Sahitya Kandari Padma Nath Gohain Baruah had established Kohima Sahitya Sabha at Kohima, Nagaland, in the month of December, 1895. Padma Nath Gohain Baruah was Founder", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2222092", "chunk_text": "\"Hem Barua\"\nHem Barua Hem Barua (22 April 1915 – 9 April 1977) was a prominent Assamese poet and politician from Assam. Born on 22 April 1915, at Tezpur, Hem Barua obtained his M.A. degree from Calcutta University in 1938 and joined the J.B. College, Jorhat, in 1941 as lecturer in Assamese and English. He left it next year during the Quit India Movement and was imprisoned in 1943. On his release, he joined the B. Barua College, Guwahati, and later became its Principal. Hem Barua was the author of several books. He became the President of the Asam Sahitya Sabha in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3849887", "chunk_text": "\"Sahitya Akademi\"\nwriters (under 35 years) of outstanding works in one of the 24 major Indian languages. It was founded in 2011. Other programmes organised by the Sahitya Akademi include the Mulakat lectures, a special platform for lesser-known authors; the Through My Window lectures, in which one author speaks on the works of another Indian author; and the Loka programmes on Indian folklore and the Kavisandhi poetry readings. There have been widespread allegations of corruption and controversial appointments under the Presidency of Gopi Chand Narang who headed Sahitya Akademi from 2003 to 2007 and the current President Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari. Agrahara Krishnamurthy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13419281", "chunk_text": "\"Bineswar Brahma\"\nBineswar Brahma Bineshwar Brahma (28 February 1948 – 19 August 2000 ) was the president of the Bodo Sahitya Sabha ('Bodo Literary Union') in Assam, India. He was born in a small village of Bhatarmari in Kokrajhar. He was the son of Late Taramoni Brahma and Late Sanathi Brahma. Bineshwar Brahma attended his schooling in 1954. He was admitted for his Primary Education at No. 365 Bhatarmari Primary School from 1954 to 1959. From 1959 to 1962, he attended Kokrajhar Higher Secondary School for his middle school, and from 1962 to 1967 he studied in the same school for his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9583032", "chunk_text": "\"Sarbananda Sonowal\"\nSarbananda Sonowal Sarbananda Sonowal (born 31 October 1961) is an Indian politician who has been Chief Minister of Assam since 2016. He was elected to the 16th Lok Sabha from the Lakhimpur Lok Sabha constituency in Assam as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He has previously served as the president for BJP Assam, and is also a National Executive Member of the party. Sonowal was the president of the All Assam Students Union from 1992 to 1999. Until January 2011, he was a member of the Asom Gana Parishad (AGP) political party but later joined the Bharatiya Janata", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11998956", "chunk_text": "\"Kaliram Medhi\"\nKaliram Medhi Kaliram Medhi (; October 18, 1880 – January 24, 1954) was a prominent writer and essayist from Assam who wrote in both the Assamese and English languages in the early part of modern Assamese literature. He was the third president of the Asom Sahitya Sabha in 1919 held at Barpeta. He was honoured with the Rai Bahadur title in 1946. Medhi was born on 18 October 1880 at Ramdia village near Hajo of Kamrup district to Bhukali Medhi and Sontara Medhi. After primary education at his village he did his higher education at Guwahati and City College of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19738407", "chunk_text": "\"Atul Chandra Barua\"\nSahitya Sabha has been smeared with black soot by a few black sheep, its stature cannot be diminished by the misdeeds perpetrated by these people. Atul Chandra Barua was elected the president of the Sabha in 1979 at a time when Assam was facing a difficult phase. In the session of 1979 of Asam Sahitya Sabha Atul Chandra Barua served as the 46th President in Session 1979-80 held in Sualkuchi, Atul Chandra Barua as its president played a very significant role to steer the organization for being a savior or Assamese society by protecting and preserving the art, culture, literature", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11525317", "chunk_text": "\"Jogesh Das\"\nJogesh Das Jogesh Das (; 1 April 1927 – 9 September 1999) is a short-story writer and novelist from Assam. He was born in 1927. He won the Sahitya Akademi Award for his book \"\"Prithivir Oxukh\"\". He is also associated with many cultural organization including the Asom Sahitya Sabha. Das was the first Sonowal Kachari who was elected as a president in Asom Sahitya Sabha. Das completed his MA in Assamese literature from Gauhati University in 1953 and then started working as a journalist. Das emerged as a fiction writer in the early fifties. He has written short stories and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11998959", "chunk_text": "\"Kaliram Medhi\"\n1974. Kaliram Medhi Kaliram Medhi (; October 18, 1880 – January 24, 1954) was a prominent writer and essayist from Assam who wrote in both the Assamese and English languages in the early part of modern Assamese literature. He was the third president of the Asom Sahitya Sabha in 1919 held at Barpeta. He was honoured with the Rai Bahadur title in 1946. Medhi was born on 18 October 1880 at Ramdia village near Hajo of Kamrup district to Bhukali Medhi and Sontara Medhi. After primary education at his village he did his higher education at Guwahati and City College", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19441834", "chunk_text": "\"Padmanath Gohain Baruah\"\nPadmanath Gohain Baruah Padmanath Gohain Baruah (; 1871–1946) was the first president of Asam Sahitya Sabha and a prominent name in the early part of modern Assamese literature. He was a novelist, poet, dramatist of excellence, analyst and a thought provoking writer. Considering his towering personality and profound knowledge, he is regarded as the \"\"Pitamaha\"\" (great grandfather) in Assamese literary world. In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the Assamese literature and society, the British government gave him Raibahadur title, a rare honour conferred for the first time to an Assamese person. He was also the first literary pensioner of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19494779", "chunk_text": "\"Assam Sahitya Sabha\"\nSecretary and a Bengali Gentlemen Mr. Nabin Chandra Bhattacherjee was the Founder President. There was an Office Building at the Heart of the Kohima Town, which was known as \"\"LAL GHAR\"\" due to painting with Red color. ( See Mor Xuworon, biography of Padma Nath Gohain Baruah). Late Govinda Chandra Paira, Dhan Bahadur Sonar and Hari Prasad Gorkha Rai were the main product of Kohima Sahitya Sabha, who were Honored by awarding Literary Pension by the Assam Government. The Kohima Sahitya Sabha is still alive (till Nov. 2013). It has an own Bhawan at P.R.Hill, Kohima, Opposite Nagaland Police Headquarters.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13329847", "chunk_text": "\"Bhabananda Deka\"\nAssamese poet Prof. Sushil Sarma conferring the said honorary title upon Principal Bhabananda Deka was officially released in the same programme by several leading scholars jointly including Prof. Upendra Nath Sarma, Abanindra Bora, Er. Arnab Jan Deka, Prof. Biswesear Hazarika joined by the editor Prof. Sarma and president Dr Goswami. Principal Deka was the first scholar to be conferred with this prestigious title by intelligentsia in Assam. Subsequently, Assam Government was inspired by this event to declare establishment of an 'Asom Ratna Award' in 2008 and two other fellow Assamese had been awarded including Dr Bhupen Hazarika in 2008 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11451702", "chunk_text": "\"Nilmoni Phukan Sr\"\nNilmoni Phukan Sr Nilmoni Phukan (; 1880–1978) was an Assamese writer, poet, freedom fighter and politician popularly known as \"\"Bagmibor\"\" () in the Assamese literature. Since he shares his name with another Assamese poet, Nilmani Phukan, he is often referred as Nilmoni Phukan (Senior). Phukan was the president of the Asam Sahitya Sabha for two times; in 1944 held at Sivasagar district and in 1947 held at Dibrugarh district of Assam. Phukan was born on 22 June 1880 at Dibrugarh district, Assam. He was the son of Lombodhar Phukan. After his early education at George's Institution, Dibrugarh and Cotton College,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11291965", "chunk_text": "\"Benudhar Rajkhowa\"\nBenudhar Rajkhowa Benudhar Rajkhowa (; 1872-1955) was a prominent writer, poet and dramatist from Assam. He was the president of the Asam Sahitya Sabha in 1926 held at Dhuburi district, Assam. When he was studying at Calcutta, he had done a pivot role for development of Oxomiya Bhaxa Unnati Xadhini Xobha, a literary organization from Assam. He was honoured with Rai Bahadur title by the ruling British government. Benudhar Rajkhowa was born on 11 December 1872 to Suchadaram Rajkhowa and Hirawati Rajkhowa in Dibrugarh district of Assam. After having primary education in Dibrugarh he had left for Kolkata for higher", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4021679", "chunk_text": "\"Birendra Nath Datta\"\nBirendra Nath Datta Birendra Nath Datta (born 1 March 1935) is an Indian academician, a researcher of folklore, a singer and lyricists of Assam. In his career, he mainly worked as a professor in different colleges of Assam. He also wrote scholarly books. In 2009, he was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, in the \"\"Literature and Education\"\" field and in 2010 he received the Jagaddhatri-Harmohan Das Literary award. Datta was elected as the president of Asom Sahitya Sabha for North Lakhimpur Session, 2003 and Hojai Session, 2004 Datta was born on 1 March 1935 at Nagaon,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1361150", "chunk_text": "\"Kameshwar Brahma\"\nKameshwar Brahma Kameshwar Brahma is an Indian writer and the president of Bodo Sahitya Sabha. He is a former principal of Gossaigaon College, Assam. Born on 1 September 1940 in Bhumka village in the Kokrajhar district of the northeast Indian state of Assam in a Bodo family, he is reported to have contributed to the development of Bodo language through his writings and activities. He is also involved with Asam Sahitya Sabha and the social activities of Bodoland Territorial Council. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2016, for his contributions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8053896", "chunk_text": "\"Assamese literature\"\nBarua, Mamoni Raisom Goswami, Bhabendra Nath Saikia, Homen Borgohain, Nirupama Borgohain, Kanchan Baruah, Saurabh Kumar Chaliha and others. Moreover, as regards the spreading of Assamese literature outside Assam, the complete work of Jyoti Prasad Agarwala has been translated into Hindi to reach a wider audience by Devi Prasad Bagrodia. Bagrodia has also translated Shrimanta Shankardev's 'Gunamala' into Hindi. In 1917 the Asam Sahitya Sabha was formed as a guardian of the Assamese society and the forum for the development of Assamese language and literature. Padmanath Gohain Baruah was the first president of the society. Contemporary writers include Arupa Patangia Kalita,Monikuntala", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4371858", "chunk_text": "\"Prahlad Chandra Tasa\"\nhe became the vice president of the organization, his term expiring in 2017. He has published a number of books, on education as well as on the socio-cultural milieu of Assam. \"\"Asomor chah janagosthi\"\", a collection of articles edited by him is an account on the lives of the tea workers of the state. His other publications include the poem anthology, \"\"Satabdi\"\", a biography, \"\"Byaktitor Sandhanot\"\" and prose writings such as \"\"Siksha Samikhya\"\", \"\"Siksha Anwesha\"\", \"\"Chah Bagichat Gana Sakhyarota\"\", \"\"Chah Bagichat Sikshar Prokhar\"\", \"\"Chah Shramikor Sanskritir Ruprekha\"\", \"\"Jhumoir Nritya Geet\"\" and \"\"Chah Shramikor Swasthya Chinta\"\". The Government of India awarded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17225923", "chunk_text": "\"Sahitya Akademi\"\nRegistration Act of 1860, as it had not originally been incorporated by an Act of Parliament, but by an executive order. The Council was reconstituted and elected Prime Minister Nehru as its president, and he continued in that capacity until his death in 1964. Subsequent presidents of the Sahitya Akademi have included S. Radhakrishnan (1958) who succeeded Jawaharlal Nehru after serving as the Vice-President along with him; Zakir Hussain (1963); Suniti Kumar Chatterjee (1967); K.R. Srinivasa Iyengar (1969, and re-elected in 1973); Umashankar Joshi (1978); Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya (1983); U. R. Ananthamurthy (1993); Ramakanta Rath (1998); and Gopi Chand Narang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19401765", "chunk_text": "\"Himanta Biswa Sarma\"\nalso appointed him as convener of North-East Democratic Alliance (NEDA). On 23 April 2017 Dr Sarma was unanimously elected as President of Badminton Association of India. Dr Sarma has been the president of the Assam Badminton Association. He also became the president of the Assam Cricket Association in June 2016 when his party man Pradip Buragohain became the secretary. Dr Sarma was also the longest-serving vice president of the association serving from 2002 to 2016. Himanta Biswa Sarma Himanta Biswa Sarma (born 1 February 1969) is an Indian politician and an youth Icon who has served as MLA from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9430693", "chunk_text": "\"Ranjit Kumar Das\"\nin June 2016. He was elected as BJP Assam President on 30 January 2017. Ranjit Kumar Das Ranjit Kumar Das is a Kaibarta politician from the Indian state of Assam. He is a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was elected as Speaker of the Assam Legislative Assembly in 2016, when Sarbananda Sonowal became Chief Minister. He became a member of the BJP in 1992 and was elected as Member of Legislative Assembly from Sorbhog in Barpeta district in 2011. From 2011 to 2016, he was the deputy leader of the BJP in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17252343", "chunk_text": "\"Indian literature\"\nand several others. A comprehensive introductory book \"\"Assamese Language-Literature & Sahityarathi Lakshminath Bezbaroa\"\" originally authored by leading Assamese littérateur of \"\"Awahon-Ramdhenu Era\"\" and pioneer Assam economist Bhabananda Deka together with his three deputies, Parikshit Hazarika, Upendra Nath Goswami and Prabhat Chandra Sarma, was published in 1968. This book was officially released in New Delhi on 24 Nov 1968 by then President of India Dr Zakir Hussain in commemoration of the birth centenary celebration of doyen of Assamese literature Lakshminath Bezbaroa. After almost half a century, this historic book has been recovered and re-edited by Assamese award-winning short-story writer & novelist", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13524663", "chunk_text": "\"Nagen Saikia\"\nNagen Saikia Nagen Saikia () (born on 11 February 1939) is an Indian writer. He was formerly a professor of Dibrugarh University. Saikia had also been a member of the Rajya Sabha from 1986-1992 and was the vice-chairman of the Upper House from 1990-1992. Saikia started his career as a teacher and went on to serve in different reputed institutions in various categories. He also delivered lectures on various topics about Assamese literature, including in the US and England. He has published numerous literary essays, short stories, novels, books and articles, to his credit. Saikia was conferred with the Sahitya", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15813101", "chunk_text": "\"Hemchandra Goswami\"\nam hiya nibilao etc. 'Katha Gita' (Gita in Prose) of Bhattadev was edited by him in 1918. which contains the first sonnet in Assamese — 'Priyatamar Cithi' (A letter from the beloved) Hemchandra Goswami Hemchandra Goswami (; 1872–1928) was a writer, poet, historian, teacher and a linguist from Assam in the early part of modern Assamese literature. He was the fourth president of the Asom Sahitya Sabha in 1920 held at Tezpur. He retired as Extra Assistant Commissioner in the British Assam. Goswami published the first Assamese dictionary, Hemkosh by Hemchandra Barua with the help of Colonel Gordon in 1900.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1056746", "chunk_text": "\"Partha Pratim Bora\"\nPartha Pratim Bora Partha Pratim Bora (; born 6 June 1989 ) is an Indian politician from Sonitpur, Assam and member of the Indian National Congress. Partha Pratim Bora was born in Tezpur, Assam to the former Chairmen of Tezpur Mohkuma Porisad, Late Prassana Bora and Late Pronati Bora a School Teacher. He lost his parents at an early age in two different accident. Bora completed his primary education in Jamugurihat and move to Delhi for his high schooling in 1997 . He was also the First elected State President of the Assam State NSUI, the National students wing of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14031065", "chunk_text": "\"Arnab Jan Deka\"\nRepublic of India in the mid-20th Century, and also edited a book \"\"Ancient Heritage of Assam\"\" compiling research papers of several top scholars;<br> (10)He recovered, edited and published the historic first English book on Assamese language and literature meant for common readers of the world, which was originally authored by Principal Bhabananda Deka with his associates and officially released by the President of India Dr Zakir Hussain in New Delhi on 24 November 1968 on the occasion of the birth centenary of Assamese literary legend Sahityarathi Lakshminath Bezbaroa. He is the recipient of Assam Government's Publication Board Golden Jubilee Novel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15371012", "chunk_text": "\"Literature from North East India\"\nHazarika, Temsula Ao, Mamang Dai, Arnab Jan Deka, Jahnavi Barua, Anjum Hasan, Siddhartha Deb, Robin S Ngangom, Kynpham Sing Nongkymrih, Desmond L Kharmawphlang, Nabina Das, Uddipana Goswami, Nitoo Das, Manash Pratim Borah and Ananya S Guha are some English-language writers from North East. Assamese writers and Indian top literary award Jnanpith winners Dr Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya, who was also President of India's top literary body Sahitya Academy, and Dr Indira Goswami alias Mamoni Raisom Goswami were the most famous literary figures to emerge from this region. 'NELive' selected Dr Mamoni Raisom Goswami together with Homen Borgohain, Nirupama Borgohain, Mitra Phukan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15062947", "chunk_text": "\"Mafizuddin Ahmed Hazarika\"\nMafizuddin Ahmed Hazarika Mafizuddin Ahmed Hazarika (; 1870-1958) was a prominent poet belonged to the Jonaki era of Assamese Literature. He was popularly known as 'Jnan Malinir Kobi' (জ্ঞান মালিনীৰ কবি) among the people of Assam. He was elected as the president of the 12th Asam Sahitya Sabha in 1930 held at Golaghat district, Assam. He was one of the organizers of Dibrugarh Sahitya Sabha and served as its secretary from 1904 to 1934. He also presided over the \"\"Chatra Sanmilan\"\" held at Sibsagar in 1930. Hazarika was born to Himmatuddin Ahmed Hazarika and Rahnuri on August 30, 1870 at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18634688", "chunk_text": "\"Imran Shah (writer)\"\nas editing, with Arun Goswami, \"\"Kalantarar Kathakata\"\" – another anthology of Assamese short stories, from 1961 to 1975. Two of his written works were made translated into other mediums. His novel \"\"Jabanbandi\"\" was broadcast as a radio-recitation by Akaashvani, Dibrugarh. In addition, the Assamese film \"\"Rasmirekha\"\", is based on his novel, \"\"Rajanigandha\"\", and was released in 1973, produced by Prafulla Baruah. He was elected as the president of Asam Sahitya Sabha, the state's literary body located in Barpeta Road for the 2013-2015 session. Imran Shah (writer) Imran Shah (born 23 November 1933), also known as Nawab Imran Shah () is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19241749", "chunk_text": "\"Kameshwar Brahma\"\nto literature, thus making him the second Bodo person to receive the honor. Kameshwar Brahma Kameshwar Brahma is an Indian writer and the president of Bodo Sahitya Sabha. He is a former principal of Gossaigaon College, Assam. Born on 1 September 1940 in Bhumka village in the Kokrajhar district of the northeast Indian state of Assam in a Bodo family, he is reported to have contributed to the development of Bodo language through his writings and activities. He is also involved with Asam Sahitya Sabha and the social activities of Bodoland Territorial Council. The Government of India awarded him the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5808723", "chunk_text": "\"Lakshmi Nandan Bora\"\nstory anthologies. His short stories, 75 selected ones, have been compiled under the name, \"\"Lakshminandan Borar Charita Dasakar Galpa Samagra\"\". His published autobiography \"\"Kal Balukat Khoj\"\" was also serialized in the Assamese fortnightly, Prantik. His other current projects are two books, one on Hem Chandra Baruah, renowned lexicographer and social reformer and the other, on Lakshminath Bezbaroa, a known Assamese literary figure. He has served as the president of Assam Sahitya Sabha (1996–97) and as a member of the Planning Commission of Assam. He has also been the chairman of the Assam Pollution Control Board during the period 1997 -", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7256832", "chunk_text": "\"Kokborok Sahitya Sabha\"\nKokborok Sahitya Sabha Kokborok Sahitya Sabha (KBSS) was formed on 8 October 1972, under the leadership of Lt. Alindralal Tripura. Since then, it has been working on the development of Kokborok language of Tripura (Twipra). KBSS has its offices in Agartala, the state capital. The current President of the organization is the writer and performer Nanda Kumar Deb Barma. Quote: \"\"The history of the Boroks is one of the oldest ones in the world. About 8000 - 12000 years ago (i.e. the period between 10,000 B.C and 6,000 B.C) in the middle of the stone-age, Caucasians and Mongolians entered this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10503437", "chunk_text": "\"Nirmal Prabha Bordoloi\"\nNirmal Prabha Bordoloi Nirmal Prabha Bordoloi (; 1933–2004) was an eminent Assamese poet, lyricist and folklorist from Sibsagar district of Assam. She was the president of the Asam Sahitya Sabha in 1991 held at Dudhnoi in Goalpara district of Assam. Bordoloi wrote over 54 Assamese and English books and thousands of songs. Prominent among the books are `Kabita: Mon Faringar Rong', `Samipesu', `Antarang', `Asamar Luko Sangonskriti', `Siba', `Asamar Luko Kabita'. She was honored with many notable awards like Sahitya Akademi Award in 1983 for her poetry book \"\"Sudirgha Din Aru Ritu\"\", President award in 1957 for children's literature and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13329826", "chunk_text": "\"Bhabananda Deka\"\nhas been published in 2015 for readers and literary historians worldwide. Deka was a leading member of Asom Sahitya Sabha. In public recognition of his immense literary contributions, he was unanimously elected as the last President of the undivided Kamrup District Sahitya Sabha in 1982. He was the founder of Assam Economic Association, Assam Foundation-India and Srimanta Sankardev International Foundation, and a frontline advocate of the rich literary and cultural heritage of Assam all over the world. He was highly influenced by Sankari Culture and folk culture heritage & was known for his active participation in newly setting up Belbari", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9508780", "chunk_text": "\"Prahlad Chandra Tasa\"\nPrahlad Chandra Tasa Prahlad Chandra Tasa (born 1950) is an Indian writer and educationist, best known for his writings on education. He is the vice president of the Asam Sahitya Sabha where he has also served as a general secretary. He has published several books on educational and social issues, including \"\"Asomor chah janagosthi\"\", an anthology of articles on the lives of the tea workers of Assam. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2016, for his contributions to literature and education. Prahlad Chandra Tasa was born on 26 October 1950", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3473484", "chunk_text": "\"Nagendra Narayan Choudhury\"\nNagendra Narayan Choudhury Nagendra Narayan Choudhury (; 1881-1947) was a short story writer and essayists from Assam. He was noted for his contribution to the field of Short stories and essays in the Assamese literature during the years of Awahon. He was elected as a president of the Asam Sahitya Sabha in 1931 held at Sivasagar district. Choudhury was born in 1881 at Lakhipur near Goalpara of Assam to Khagendra Narayan Choudhury and Saradapriya Choudhury. After primary education at his birthplace he did his higher education at Dhuburi and Goalpara. After passing the entrance examination from he went to Calcutta", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19034117", "chunk_text": "\"Prafulla Baruah\"\nKamala Saikia Trust, Asam Sahitya Sabha, and Dr B. Borooah Cancer Institute for creating awareness for cancer. In 2018, he was conferred the Padma Sri honour by the President of India. Prafulla Baruah Prafulla Govinda Baruah is the Managing Director of \"\"The Assam Tribune.\"\" In 2018, he was presented with the Padma Sri civilian honor for his contribution to the growth of literature and education in Assam, India. He is the son of Radha Govinda Baruah, the founder of \"\"The Assam Tribune.\"\" The doyen of journalism in Assam, Prafulla Baruah became the Editor of \"\"The Assam Tribune\"\" in 1966 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19852470", "chunk_text": "\"Assam Chah Mazdoor Sangha\"\nin the Assam Valley tea gardens. During its initial phase, the leadership of ACMS tended to be dominated by upper-caste Hindus who themselves were not tea labourers. However, over the passage of time an 'insider' cadre of leaders from within the ranks of the tea labourers emerged. Prominent leaders in the history of ACMS includes Simon Singh Horo, Santosh Kr. Topno, Patra Ekka, Gaisan Tiru, Dharamdas Herenz and Dalbirsingh Lohar. Union office bearers are elected for three-year terms. As of 2011, Paban Singh Ghatowar (a Congress Party Lok Sabha member from Dibrugarh) served as the president of ACMS and Dileswar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11999114", "chunk_text": "\"Hemchandra Goswami\"\nHemchandra Goswami Hemchandra Goswami (; 1872–1928) was a writer, poet, historian, teacher and a linguist from Assam in the early part of modern Assamese literature. He was the fourth president of the Asom Sahitya Sabha in 1920 held at Tezpur. He retired as Extra Assistant Commissioner in the British Assam. Goswami published the first Assamese dictionary, Hemkosh by Hemchandra Barua with the help of Colonel Gordon in 1900. Some of his other works include Asamiya sahityar chaneki, Phular Saki (The Bunch of Flowers, 1907), which contains the first sonnet in Assamese — 'Priyatamar Sithi' (A letter from the beloved), Kako", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9273499", "chunk_text": "\"Banwarilal Purohit\"\nadditional in-charge of Assam. On 30 September 2017 he was appointed as Governor of Tamil Nadu by President Ram Nath Kovind. It was the first time that the state has got a full time governor after K Rosaiah retired in August 2016. Purohit gained ownership of the Nagpur daily newspaper The Hitavada from Servants of India Society in 1979. The newspaper was launched by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1911 and Purohit is its current managing editor. He is also the chairman of Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management in Nagpur. Banwarilal Purohit Banwarilal Purohit (born 16 April 1939) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1619970", "chunk_text": "\"Vinay Sahasrabuddhe\"\nNorth-East states of India. In 1998, Sahasrabuddhe received the award for best literary work from the Government of Maharashtra for his co-edited work \"\"Nivadak Manoos\"\", a book in Marathi language. Vinay Sahasrabuddhe Vinay Prabhakar Sahasrabuddhe is an Indian politician & Member of Parliament of India representing state of Maharashtra in the Rajya Sabha. He is also serving as National Vice President of Bharatiya Janata Party. Mr. Sahasrabuddhe has been appointed as President of Indian Council for Cultural Relations by President of India. He is known as a political scholar and an occasional columnist. He is the Vice Chairman of Rambhau", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19494776", "chunk_text": "\"Assam Sahitya Sabha\"\nAssam Sahitya Sabha The Assam Sahitya Sabha (\"\"Ôxôm Xahityô Xôbha\"\" or \"\"Assam Literary Society\"\") is a non Government, non profit, literary organisation of Assam. It was founded in December, 1917 in Assam, India to promote the culture of Assam and Assamese literature. Presently it has about one thousand branches all over Assam and also outside the state. The central office is at Jorhat, a city of historical importance. The branches and the district units also have their offices in their respective places. Till 1826 AD. Assam was ruled mainly by Ahom and Koch dynasties. In 1826, Assam came under the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12068690", "chunk_text": "\"Benudhar Rajkhowa\"\neducation. Returning home, he worked in various posts like Extra Assistant Commissioner, Deputy commissioner under the ruling British Government. Rajkhowa was also an editor of the Bijuli magazine from 1890 to 1892. He started writing in Junaki, a leading Assamese in that period. Some of his books are: Benudhar Rajkhowa Benudhar Rajkhowa (; 1872-1955) was a prominent writer, poet and dramatist from Assam. He was the president of the Asam Sahitya Sabha in 1926 held at Dhuburi district, Assam. When he was studying at Calcutta, he had done a pivot role for development of Oxomiya Bhaxa Unnati Xadhini Xobha, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19494780", "chunk_text": "\"Assam Sahitya Sabha\"\nThe Bhawan was exchanged by the Nagaland Government with the earlier one, which was known as LAL GHAR and taken by the Nagaland Government in the year 1978. The conference of the Asam Sahitya Sabha helds biennially. First conference of Asam Sahitya Sabha was held at Sivasagar, Assam. It become a big literary festival, unique in its character, which is attended by thousands of people. The writers of the state assemble, exchange their views and address the people. Except regular biennially seasons in 2000 and 2002 special session was held at Jorhat and Kalgachia. On 31 January, 1–4 February 2013", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14349460", "chunk_text": "\"D. K. Barooah\"\nas well. His collection of Assamese poems, \"\"Sagar Dekhisa\"\" (\"\"সাগৰ দেখিছা\"\"), is still very popular. He was the elder brother of famous Assamese poet Nabakanta Barua. D. K. Barooah Dev Kant Barooah (22 February 1914 – 28 January 1996) was an Indian politician from Assam, who served as the President of the Indian National Congress during the Emergency (1975–77). He is now chiefly remembered for his sycophancy to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, encapsulated by his c. 1974 proclamation that \"\"India is Indira. Indira is India.\"\" However, he later parted ways with her and joined Congress (Urs), later renamed as Indian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6914288", "chunk_text": "\"Debabrata Saikia\"\nDebabrata Saikia Debabrata Saikia (দেবব্ৰত শইকীয়া) (born December 14, 1964 in Nazira, Assam) is the current Leader of Opposition in the Assam Legislative Assembly. Saikia was elected to the Assam Legislative Assembly in 2011 from Nazira constituency and retained his seat in 2016. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Assam, Hiteswar Saikia.He is the most popular leader among the current congress party in assam. Being in a respectable position in the political scenario of Assam, Sri Saikia, MLA of Nazira, is a visionary who has been manifesting his high ideas in the activities that he has undertaken", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2846559", "chunk_text": "\"Debabrata Saikia\"\nthis initiative he also keep a space to the youth those who are wanted to learn about digital media and campaign support. Debabrata Saikia Debabrata Saikia (দেবব্ৰত শইকীয়া) (born December 14, 1964 in Nazira, Assam) is the current Leader of Opposition in the Assam Legislative Assembly. Saikia was elected to the Assam Legislative Assembly in 2011 from Nazira constituency and retained his seat in 2016. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Assam, Hiteswar Saikia.He is the most popular leader among the current congress party in assam. Being in a respectable position in the political scenario of Assam,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3262	what is the largest ethnic group in mexico today?	n/a	[ "K'iche'" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6527892", "chunk_text": "Multiculturalism\nnon-European city, alongside Montreal, on the index). Mexico is an ethnically diverse country with a population composed of approximately 123 million in 2017. There is a wide variety of ethnic groups, the major group being Mestizos followed by Indigenous Mexicans. There are many other ethnic groups such as Arab Mexicans, Afro-Mexicans, Asian Mexicans and White Mexicans. From the year 2000 to 2010, the number of people in Mexico that were born in another country doubled, reaching an amount of 961,121 people. Mostly coming from Guatemala and the United States. Mexico is quickly becoming a melting pot, with many immigrants coming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8436192", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\n21.5% of Mexico's population self-identified as being Indigenous or partially Indigenous. There are about 12 million Mexican nationals residing outside Mexico, with about 11.7 million living in the United States. The larger Mexican diaspora can also include individuals that trace ancestry to Mexico and self-identify as Mexican. The Mexican people have varied origins and an identity that has evolved with the succession of conquests among Amerindian groups and later by Europeans. The area that is now modern-day Mexico has cradled many predecessor civilizations, going back as far as the Olmec which influenced the latter civilizations of Teotihuacan (200 B.C. to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11808000", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nof Mexican babies have the Mongolian spot. Mexicans are linguistically diverse, with many speaking European languages as well as various Indigenous Mexican Languages. Spanish is spoken by approximately 92.17% of Mexicans as their first language making them the largest Spanish speaking group in the world followed by Colombia (45,273,925), Spain (41,063,259) and Argentina (40,134,425). Although the great majority speak Spanish \"\"de facto\"\" the second most populous language among Mexicans is English due to the regional proximity of the United States which calls for a bilingual relationship in order to conduct business and trade as well as the migration of Mexicans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8436191", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nTenochtitlan are located in the central part of Mexico City. The modern nation of Mexico achieved independence from the Spanish Empire; this began the process of forging a national identity that fused the cultural traits of indigenous pre-Columbian origin with those of European, particularly Iberian, ancestry. This led to what has been termed \"\"a peculiar form of multi-ethnic nationalism\"\". The most spoken language by Mexicans is Mexican Spanish, but some may also speak languages from 68 different indigenous linguistic groups and other languages brought to Mexico by recent immigration or learned by Mexican immigrants residing in other nations. In 2015,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6073082", "chunk_text": "\"Indigenous peoples of Mexico\"\nIndigenous peoples of Mexico Indigenous peoples of Mexico (), Native Mexicans (), or Mexican Native Americans (), are those who are part of communities that trace their roots back to populations and communities that existed in what is now Mexico prior to the arrival of Europeans. According to the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (\"\"Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas\"\", or CDI in Spanish) and the INEGI (official census institute), in 2015, 25,694,928 people in Mexico self-identify as being indigenous of many different ethnic groups, which constitute 21.5% of Mexico's population. In the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12614144", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nVeracruz (15%). Oaxaca is the state with the greatest number of distinct indigenous peoples and languages in the country. European Mexicans are Mexican citizens of full or majority European descent. Europeans began arriving in Mexico during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire and continued immigrating to the country during colonial and independent Mexico. According to 20th and 21st century academics, large scale intermixing between the European immigrants and the native Indigenous peoples would produce a Mestizo group which would become the overwhelming majority of Mexico's population by the time of the Mexican revolution. However according to church registers from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2416605", "chunk_text": "Mexico\nregions have the highest European populations, with the majority of the people not having native admixture or being of predominantly European ancestry. The Afro-Mexican population (1,381,853 individuals ) is an ethnic group made up of descendants of Colonial-era slaves and recent immigrants of sub-Saharan African descent. Mexico had an active slave trade during the colonial period and some 200,000 Africans were taken there, primarily in the 17th century. The creation of a national Mexican identity, especially after the Mexican Revolution, emphasized Mexico's indigenous and European past; it passively eliminated the African ancestors and contributions. Most of the African-descended population was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7443661", "chunk_text": "Mexico\na substantial number of Arabs (mostly Christians) began arriving from the crumbling Ottoman Empire. The largest group were the Lebanese and an estimated 400,000 Mexicans have some Lebanese ancestry. Smaller ethnic groups in Mexico include South and East Asians, present since the colonial era. During the colonial era Asians were termed \"\"Chino\"\" (regardless of ethnicity), and arrived as merchants, artisans and slaves. The largest group were Filipinos and some 200,000 Mexicans can trace Filipino ancestry. Modern Asian immigration began in the late 19th century and at one point in the early 20th century, the Chinese were the second largest immigrant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2416612", "chunk_text": "Mexico\nrather than on self-declared of ancestry). Less numerous groups in Mexico such as Asians and Middle Easterners are also accounted for. Out of all the ethnic groups that have recently been surveyed, that of Mestizos is notably absent, which may be consequence of the ethnic label's fluid and subjective definition, which complicates a precise calculation as well the tendency that Mexicans have to identify people with \"\"static\"\" ethnic labels rather than \"\"fluid\"\" ones. In the early 1960s, around 600,000 Mexicans lived abroad, which increased sevenfold by the 1990s to 4.4 million. At the turn of the 21st century, this figure", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13959033", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nRights of the Indigenous Peoples recognized 68 indigenous languages as \"\"national languages\"\", with the \"\"same validity\"\" in all territories and contexts where they are spoken. The indigenous language with the greatest number of speakers is Nahuatl (1,586,884 speakers in 2010 or 1.5% of the nation's population), followed by Yucatec Maya (796,405 speakers in 2010 0.8%) spoken Yucatán Peninsula, Mixtecas languages (494,454), Tzeltal (474,298), Zapotecas languages (460,683), Tzotzil (429,168), Otomí (288,052), Totonaca (250,252) Mazateco (230,124), Chol (222,051) and 1,462,857 speakers of other languages. After half a century of rural-to-urban migration, in Mexico City and other major cities large districts and sections", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11807954", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nwith 32% of the population being indigenous, most of them Maya; Oaxaca with 58% of the population, the most numerous groups being the Mixtec and Zapotec peoples; Chiapas has 32.7%, the majority being Tzeltal and Tzotzil Maya; Hidalgo with 30.1%, the majority being Otomi; Puebla with 25.2%, and Guerrero with 22.6%, mostly Nahua people and the states of San Luis Potosí and Veracruz both home to a population of 19% indigenous people, mostly from the Totonac, Nahua and Teenek (Huastec) groups. An Arab Mexican is a Mexican citizen of Arabic-speaking origin who can be of various ancestral origins. The vast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977444", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nof European ancestry is considered \"\"white\"\" and a Mestizo with a high percentage of Indigenous ancestry is considered \"\"Indian\"\", a person that identifies with a given ethnic group should be allowed to, even if biologically it doesn't completely belong to that group. Spanish is the \"\"de facto\"\" official language in Mexico being spoken by 98.3% of the population. Mexican Spanish is spoken in a variety of dialects, accents and variations in different regions across the country. Some indigenous languages are still being spoken by around 5% of Mexicans according to the latest census, in 2003 the General Law of Linguistic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977411", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nbut self-identifies as Indigenous. According to this criteria, the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas, or CDI in Spanish) and the INEGI (Mexico's National Institute of Statistics and Geography), state that there are 15.7 million indigenous people in Mexico of many different ethnic groups, which constitute 14.9% of the population in the country.<br> Finally According to the latest intercensal survey carried out by the Mexican government on 2015, Indigenous people make up 21.5% of Mexico's population. In this occasion, people who self-identified as \"\"Indigenous\"\" and people who self-identified as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7443652", "chunk_text": "Mexico\nthe ability to speak an indigenous language is used as the criteria to define a person as indigenous, if racial self-identification is used it is 14.9% and if people who consider themselves part indigenous are also included it amounts to 23%. Nonetheless, all the censuses conclude that the majority of Mexico's indigenous population is concentrated in rural areas of the southern and south-eastern Mexican states such as Yucatán at 59%, Quintana Roo 39% and Campeche 27%, who are chiefly Maya; Oaxaca with 48% of the population, the most numerous groups being the Mixtec and Zapotec peoples; Chiapas at 28%, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9052096", "chunk_text": "\"Indigenous peoples of Mexico\"\nand Tzotzil Maya; Hidalgo with 36.21%, the majority being Otomi; Puebla with 35.28%, and Guerrero with 33.92%, mostly Nahua people and the states of San Luis Potosí and Veracruz both home to a population of 19% indigenous people, mostly from the Totonac, Nahua and Teenek (Huastec) groups. The majority of the indigenous population is concentrated in the central and southern states. According to the CDI, the states with the greatest percentage of indigenous population as of 2015 are: In 2011 a large scale mitochondrial sequencing in Mexican Americans revealed 85 to 90% of maternal mtDNA lineages are of Native American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977380", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nDemographics of Mexico With a population of over 123 million in 2017, Mexico ranks as the 11th most populated country in the world. It is the most populous Spanish-speaking country and the third-most populous in the Americas after United States and Brazil. Throughout most of the twentieth century Mexico's population was characterized by rapid growth. Although this tendency has been reversed and average annual population growth over the last five years was less than 1%, the demographic transition is still in progress, and Mexico still has a large cohort of youths. The most populous city in the country is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11807952", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nNational Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indígenas, or CDI in Spanish) and the INEGI (Mexico's National Institute of Statistics and Geography), state that there are 15.7 million indigenous people in Mexico of many different ethnic groups, which constitute 14.9% of the population in the country. According to the latest intercensal survey carried out by the Mexican government on 2015, Indigenous people make up 21.5% of Mexico's population. In this occasion, people who self-identified as \"\"Indigenous\"\" and people who self-identified as \"\"partially Indigenous\"\" were classified in the \"\"Indigenous\"\" category altogether. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9052094", "chunk_text": "\"Indigenous peoples of Mexico\"\nin 2015, which constitutes 21.5% of the population of Mexico. This is a significant increase from the 2010 census, in which indigenous Mexicans accounted for 14.9% of the population, and numbered 15,700,000 Most indigenous communities have a degree of financial, political autonomy under the legislation of \"\"usos y costumbres\"\", which allows them to regulate internal issues under customary law. The indigenous population of Mexico has in recent decades increased both in absolute numbers as-well as a percentage of the population. This is largely due to increased self-identification as indigenous, as-well as indigenous women having higher birth rates as compared to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8217656", "chunk_text": "Mexico\ncount Indigenous peoples, with each of them returning considerably different numbers. It is not until very recently that the Mexican government begun conducting surveys that considered the Afro-Mexican and Euro-Mexican population that lives in the country. , it is estimated that 1.2 million foreigners have settled in the country, up from nearly 1 million in 2010. The vast majority of migrants come from the United States (900,000), making Mexico the top destination for U.S. citizens abroad. The second largest group comes from neighboring Guatemala (54,500), followed by Spain (27,600). Other major sources of migration are fellow Latin American countries, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7443646", "chunk_text": "Mexico\nBetween 2005 and 2010, the Mexican population grew at an average of 1.70% per year, up from 1.16% per year between 2000 and 2005. Even though Mexico is a very ethnically diverse country, research about ethnicity has largely been a forgotten field, in consequence of the post-revolutionary efforts of Mexico's government to unify all non-indigenous Mexicans under a single ethnic identity (that of the \"\"Mestizo\"\"). As a result, since 1930 the only explicit ethnic classification that has been included in Mexican censuses has been that of \"\"Indigenous peoples\"\". Even then, across the years the government has used different criteria to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14762245", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nPeoples recognizes 62 indigenous languages as \"\"national languages\"\" which have the same validity as Spanish in all territories in which they are spoken. The recognition of indigenous languages and the protection of indigenous cultures is granted not only to the ethnic groups indigenous to modern-day Mexican territory, but also to other North American indigenous groups that migrated to Mexico from the United States in the nineteenth century and those who immigrated from Guatemala in the 1980s. The category of \"\"indigena\"\" (indigenous) in Mexico has been defined based on different criteria through history, this means that the percentage of the Mexican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977413", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\n\"\"customs and traditions\"\". According to official statistics —as reported by the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples or CDI— Amerindians make up 10-14% of the country's population, more than half of them (5.4% of total population) speak an indigenous language and a tenth (1.2% of total population) do not speak Spanish. Official statistics of the CDI report that the states with the greatest percentage of people who speak an Amerindian language or identify as Amerindian are Yucatán (59%), Oaxaca (48%), Quintana Roo (39%), Chiapas (28%), Campeche (27%), Hidalgo (24%), Puebla (19%), Guerrero (17%), San Luis Potosí (15%) and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20363919", "chunk_text": "\"Ethnic groups in Latin America\"\nhaving the highest Native and the lowest African contribution of the sample. A study by Mexico's National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN) reported that mestizo Mexicans are 58.96% European, 35.05% \"\"Asian\"\" (primarily Amerindian) and 5.03 percent African. Sonora has the highest European contribution (70.63 percent) and Guerrero the lowest (51.98 percent, with the highest Asian contribution: 37.17 percent). The African contribution ranges from 2.8 percent in Sonora to 11.13 percent in Veracruz. Eighty percent of the population was classified as mestizo (racially mixed to some degree). The study was conducted among volunteers from six states (Sonora, Zacatecas, Veracruz, Guanajuato, Oaxaca", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14612386", "chunk_text": "\"Indigenous peoples of Mexico\"\nthe Mexican average. Indigenous peoples are more likely to live in more rural areas, than the Mexican average, but many do reside in urban or suburban areas, particularly, in the central states of Mexico, Puebla, Tlaxcala, the Federal District and the Yucatán Peninsula. According to the CDI, the states with the greatest percentage of indigenous population are: Yucatán, with 65.40%, Quintana Roo with 44.44% and Campeche with 44.54% of the population being indigenous, most of them Maya; Oaxaca with 65.73% of the population, the most numerous groups being the Mixtec and Zapotec peoples; Chiapas has 36.15%, the majority being Tzeltal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9705204", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\n55.2% percent indigenous, 41.8% European, 1.0% African, and 1.2% Asian. 70,2%-46,2% amerindian; 25,4%-48,7% european; 5,2%-2,8% african (Martínez-Cortés et al, 2017). 56,0% amerindian; 37,0% european; 5,0% african (Ruiz-Linares et al, 2014). An autosomal study performed in Mestizos from Mexico's three largest cities reported that Mestizos from Mexico city had an average ancestry of 50% European, 1% African and 49% Amerindian whereas Mestizos from the cities of Monterrey and Guadalajara had both a European ancestry of 60% and an indigenous ancestry of 40% in average. An autosomal study performed in Mexicans from the states of Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9705207", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nMexican mestizo population to be predominately European (64.9%), followed by Amerindian (30.8%) and Asian(1.2%). The European Y chromosome was more prevalent in the north and west (66.7-95%) and Native American ancestry increased in the center and southeast (37-50%), the African ancestry was low and relatively homogeneous (0-8.8%). The states that participated in this study where Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Veracruz and Yucatán. The largest amount of chromosomes found were identified as belonging to the haplogroups from Western Europe, East Europe and Eurasia, Siberia and the Americas and Northern Europe with relatively smaller traces of haplogroups from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9705233", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nrestrictions on the religions, including granting all religious groups legal status, conceding them limited property, and lifting restrictions on the number of priests in the country. Until recently, priests did not have the right to vote, and even now they cannot be elected to public office. The Catholic Church is the dominant religion in Mexico, with about 82.7% of the population as of 2010. In recent decades the number of Catholics has been declining, due to the growth of other Christian denominations (especially various Protestant churches and Mormonism), which now constitute 9.7% of the population, and non-Christian religions. Despite this,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2416609", "chunk_text": "Mexico\ncaste system which led to exclusion of racial classification in the censuses to come. According to Mexico's second census ever that considered race, made right after the Mexican revolution in 1921, 59% of Mexico's population was Mestizo, 29% was Indigenous and only 9% was European, with Mestizos being the most numerous ethno-racial group in almost all the states. For a long time this census' results were taken as fact, with extraofficial international publications such as \"\"The World Factbook\"\" and Encyclopædia Britannica using them as a reference to estimate Mexico's racial composition up to this day. In recent time nonetheless, Mexican", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977404", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\narea in the country since the 1930s until the late 1980s. Since then, the country has slowly become economically and demographically less centralized. From 2000 to 2005 the average annual growth rate of Greater Mexico City was the lowest of the five largest metropolitan areas, whereas the fastest growing metropolitan area was Puebla (2.0%) followed by Monterrey (1.9%), Toluca (1.8%) and Guadalajara (1.8%). Mexico is ethnically diverse. The second article of the Mexican Constitution defines the country to be a pluricultural state originally based on the indigenous peoples and combined with European heritage through the process of colonization and \"\"mestizaje\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9052056", "chunk_text": "\"Indigenous peoples of Mexico\"\narticle of its Constitution, Mexico is defined as a \"\"pluricultural\"\" nation in recognition of the diverse ethnic groups that constitute it and where the indigenous peoples are the original foundation. The number of indigenous Mexicans is judged using the political criteria found in the 2nd article of the Mexican constitution. The Mexican census does not report racial-ethnicity but only the cultural-ethnicity of indigenous communities that preserve their indigenous languages, traditions, beliefs and cultures. The category of \"\"indigena\"\" (indigenous) can be defined narrowly according to linguistic criteria including only persons that speak one of Mexico's 89 indigenous languages, this is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14002962", "chunk_text": "\"Zapotec peoples\"\nZapotec peoples The Zapotecs (Zoogocho Zapotec: \"\"Didxažoŋ)\"\" are an indigenous people of Mexico. The population is concentrated in the southern state of Oaxaca, but Zapotec communities also exist in neighboring states. The present-day population is estimated at approximately 800,000 to 1,000,000 persons, many of whom are monolingual in one of the native Zapotec languages and dialects. In pre-Columbian times, the Zapotec civilization was one of the highly developed cultures of Mesoamerica, which, among other things, included a system of writing. Many people of Zapotec ancestry have emigrated to the United States over several decades, and they maintain their own social", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17879279", "chunk_text": "\"Mexican Americans\"\nlargest foreign-born population, accounting for 27% of the total foreign-born population. Of the estimated 11 million unauthorized immigrants living in the United States, 56% are from Mexico. The United States is home to the second-largest Mexican community in the world, second only to Mexico itself, and comprising more than 24% of the entire Mexican-origin population of the world. Mexican American families of indigenous heritage have been in the country for at least 15,000 years, and mestizo Mexican American history spans more than 400 years, since the 1598 founding of Spanish New Mexico. Spanish subjects of New Spain in the Southwest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "977421", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nAdditionally small numbers of White Americans, Croats, Armenians, Greeks, Poles, Romanians, Russians and Ashkenazi Jews came. The European Jewish immigrants joined the Sephardic community that lived in Mexico since colonial times, though many lived as Crypto-Jews, mostly in the northern states of Nuevo León and Tamaulipas. Some communities of European immigrants have remained isolated from the rest of the general population since their arrival, among them the German-speaking Mennonites from Russia of Chihuahua and Durango, and the Venetos of Chipilo, Puebla, which have retained their original languages. An Arab Mexican is a Mexican citizen of Arabic-speaking origin who can be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12614157", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nby the Mexican government, Afro-Mexicans make up 1.2% of Mexico's population, the Afro-Mexican category in the Intercensal survey includes people who self-identified solely as African and people who self-identified as partially African. The survey also states that 64.9% (896,829) of Afro-Mexicans also identified as indigenous, with 9.3% being speakers of indigenous languages. Although Asian Mexicans make up less than 1% of the total population of modern Mexico, they are nonetheless a notable minority. Due to the historical and contemporary perception in Mexican society of what constitutes Asian culture (associated with the Far East rather than the Near East), Asian Mexicans", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2660021", "chunk_text": "\"Ethnic groups in Central America\"\nof Costa Rica is greater than that of Panama, though Panama is larger. Guatemala has the largest population with 13,276,517; followed by Honduras at 7,792,854. Central American Admixture began with the arrival of the Spaniards to Central America, whose consequences could still be perceived in the present-day Central American Society. Mestizos are the result of the admixture between Spaniards and Amerindians: Native Americans (or Amerindians) Mestizos are majority in El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama, formed by 22,425,257 inhabitants, occupying the majority of the Central American population. All the 7 countries have significant Mestizo populations. The white ethnic group, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7443667", "chunk_text": "Mexico\nto only 5% of the population. Moreover, French is the second most widely taught foreign language, as every year between 200,000 and 250,000 Mexican students enroll in language courses. Here are the 20 largest urban areas in Mexico. The 2010 census by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (National Institute of Statistics and Geography) gave Roman Catholicism as the main religion, with 83% of the population, while 10% (10,924,103) belong to other Christian denominations, including Evangelicals (5%); Pentecostals (1.6%); other Protestant or Reformed (0.7%); Jehovah's Witnesses (1.4%); Seventh-day Adventists (0.6%); and members of The Church of Jesus Christ of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8436224", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nto attain freedom. As had occurred with a large portion of Mexico's black population, over generations the Asian populace was absorbed into the general Mestizo population. Facilitating this miscegenation was the assimilation of Asians into the indigenous population. The indigenous people were legally protected from chattel slavery, and by being recognized as part of this group, Asian slaves could claim they were wrongly enslaved. Asians, predominantly Chinese, became Mexico's fastest-growing immigrant group from the 1880s to the 1920s, exploding from about 1,500 in 1895 to more than 20,000 in 1910. Ethnic relations in modern Mexico have grown out of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11808016", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nconversion to non-Catholic denominations has been considerably slower than in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Movements of return and revival of the indigenous Mesoamerican religions (\"\"Mexicayotl\"\", \"\"Toltecayotl\"\") have also appeared in recent decades. Islam and Buddhism have both made limited inroads, through immigration and conversion. Mexicans Mexicans () are the people of the United Mexican States, a multiethnic country in North America. Mexicans can also be those who identify with the Mexican cultural or national identity. The Mexica founded Mexico-Tenochtitlan in 1325 as an \"\"altepetl\"\" (city-state) located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. It became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19413620", "chunk_text": "\"American immigration to Mexico\"\nAmerican immigration to Mexico American Mexicans () are Mexican citizens who are either born in, or descended from migrants from the United States and its territories. This can include people of non-Hispanic European, African American, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander or Hispanic (of any race) backgrounds. Americans are a significant demographic in Mexico. Over 75% of immigrants to Mexico are estimated to come from the United States, and Mexico hosts the largest number of US emigrants. Many members of the American Mexican community have dual nationality, and among them are entrepreneurs, businessmen, sports professionals, entertainers, artists, religious ministers, academics,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9705180", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\npopulation, the Afro-Mexican category in the Intercensal survey includes people who self-identified solely as African and people who self-identified as partially African. The survey also states that 64.9% (896,829) of Afro-Mexicans also identified as indigenous, with 9.3% being speakers of indigenous languages. Asian Mexicans make up less than 1% of the total population of modern Mexico, nonetheless they are a notable minority. Due to the historical and contemporary perception in Mexican society of what constitutes Asian culture (associated with the Far East rather than the Near East), Asian Mexicans are of East, South and Southeast Asian descent and Mexicans of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2416614", "chunk_text": "Mexico\nthe provinces of Ontario and Quebec, followed by Spain (49,000) and Germany (18,000), both European destinations represent almost two-thirds of the Mexican population living in the continent. As for Latin America, it is estimated that 69,000 Mexicans live in the region, Guatemala (18,000) being the top destination for expatriates, followed by Bolivia (10,000) and Panama (5,000). Spanish is the \"\"de facto\"\" national language spoken by the vast majority of the population, making Mexico the world's most populous Hispanophone country. Mexican Spanish is the set of varieties of the language spoken in the country, which differs from one region to another", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8217660", "chunk_text": "Mexico\nclassification, which led to it being abandoned by the government and the Mexican society, with its use being limited to intellectual circles. According to the Mexican census of 1921 and publications who retake it's results such as Encyclopædia Britannica, the majority of Mexicans (from 50% to 67% of the country's population) identify as Mestizo, although modern research has observed that when asked directly about their ethno-racial identification, many Mexicans do not identify as Mestizos. The total percentage of Mexico's population who is indigenous varies considerably depending of the criteria used by the government on its censuses: it is 5.4% if", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11808002", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nAmerindian languages regardless of origin, that is, it includes the Amerindian languages of other ethnic groups that are non-native to the Mexican national territory. As such, Mexico's National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples recognizes the language of the Kickapoo who immigrated from the United States, and recognizes the languages of Guatemalan Amerindian refugees. The most numerous indigenous language spoken by Mexicans is Nahuatl which is spoken by 1.7% of the population in Mexico over the age of 5. Approximately 6,044,547 Mexicans (5.4%) speak an indigenous language according to the 2000 Census in Mexico. There are also Mexicans living", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7021533", "chunk_text": "\"State of Mexico\"\npopulated with 740 people per square km. Since the Federal District has not absorbed many citizens since 1990, Greater Mexico City's explosive expansion is largely absorbed by the state, along with similar trends in Greater Toluca. Outside than these two metropolitan zones, the state is largely villages. Historically however, a handful of other states had been larger population centers until the 1960s, today it is far and away the country's largest population. In 2005, 85% of the population lived in urban centers, and 39% were born in other parts of Mexico. Five ethnicities are native to the state: the Mazahua,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13959009", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nof various ancestral origins. The vast majority of Mexico's 1.1 million Arabs are from either Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi, or Palestinian background. The interethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Arab community in Mexico shows marked language shift away from Arabic. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak Spanish as a first language. Today, the most common Arabic surnames", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8436190", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nMexicans Mexicans () are the people of the United Mexican States, a multiethnic country in North America. Mexicans can also be those who identify with the Mexican cultural or national identity. The Mexica founded Mexico-Tenochtitlan in 1325 as an \"\"altepetl\"\" (city-state) located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. It became the capital of the expanding Mexica Empire in the 15th century, until captured by the Spanish in 1521. At its peak, it was the largest city in the Pre-Columbian Americas. It subsequently became a \"\"cabecera\"\" of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Today the ruins of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4975028", "chunk_text": "\"Immigration to Mexico\"\nin Mexico include Armenians, smaller numbers of Persians from Iran, and Turks from Turkey. Most foreigners in Mexico counted in the Census come from the United States or other Hispanophone countries, with smaller numbers from Europe, East Asia, and the non-Hispanophone Americas. Their numbers have been rising as the country's economy develops, but still comprise less than 1% of the population. Immigration to Mexico Over the centuries, Mexico has received immigrants from Europe, the Americas (e.g., the United States, Colombia, Guatemala, Argentina, Honduras, Cuba, Brazil and Canada), and sometimes from Asia. Today, millions of their descendants still live in Mexico", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12614160", "chunk_text": "\"Demographics of Mexico\"\nto \"\"pass\"\" as \"\"Indios\"\" (the indigenous people of Mexico) in order to attain freedom. As had occurred with a large portion of Mexico's black population, over generations the Asian populace was absorbed into the general Mestizo population. Facilitating this miscegenation was the assimilation of Asians into the indigenous population. The indigenous people were legally protected from chattel slavery, and by being recognized as part of this group, Asian slaves could claim they were wrongly enslaved. Asians, predominantly Chinese, became Mexico's fastest-growing immigrant group from the 1880s to the 1920s, exploding from about 1,500 in 1895 to more than 20,000 in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11807953", "chunk_text": "Mexicans\nabsolute indigenous population is growing, but at a slower rate than the rest of the population so that the percentage of indigenous peoples is nonetheless falling. The majority of the indigenous population is concentrated in the central-southern and south-eastern states, with the majority of the indigenous population living in rural areas. Some indigenous communities have a degree of autonomy under the legislation of \"\"usos y costumbres\"\", which allows them to regulate some internal issues under customary law. According to the CDI, the states with the greatest percentage of indigenous population are Yucatán, with 62.7%, Quintana Roo with 33.8% and Campeche", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14612384", "chunk_text": "\"Indigenous peoples of Mexico\"\nGuatemala in the 1980s. The five states with the largest indigenous-language-speaking populations are: These five states accounted for 61.1% of all indigenous language speakers in Mexico. Most indigenous Mexicans do not speak their own languages and speak only Spanish. This is reflected in these five states' populations. Although Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz, Puebla, and Yucatán have 34.2%, 27.2%, 9.4%, 11.7%, and 30.3% of their populations speaking an indigenous language, these states' indigenous populations are 65.73%, 36.15%, 29.25%, 35.28%, 65.4% respectively. According to the National Commission for the Development of the Indigenous Peoples (CDI), there were 25,694,928 indigenous people reported in Mexico", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3263	where is fe best absorbed in the body?	n/a	[ "in the duodenum", "the duodenum" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5025416", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nsome plant products, is in the form of heme iron, and is more efficient, allowing absorption of from 15% to 35% of intake. Heme iron in animals is from blood and heme-containing proteins in meat and mitochondria, whereas in plants, heme iron is present in mitochondria in all cells that use oxygen for respiration. Like most mineral nutrients, the majority of the iron absorbed from digested food or supplements is absorbed in the duodenum by enterocytes of the duodenal lining. These cells have special molecules that allow them to move iron into the body. To be absorbed, dietary iron can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "426668", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nabsorption of dietary iron is a variable and dynamic process. The amount of iron absorbed compared to the amount ingested is typically low, but may range from 5% to as much as 35% depending on circumstances and type of iron. The efficiency with which iron is absorbed varies depending on the source. Generally the best-absorbed forms of iron come from animal products. Absorption of dietary iron in iron salt form (as in most supplements) varies somewhat according to the body’s need for iron, and is usually between 10% and 20% of iron intake. Absorption of iron from animal products, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16703525", "chunk_text": "\"Iron overload\"\nheme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron is the most easily absorbed form of iron. People with iron overload may be advised to avoid food that are high in heme iron. Highest in heme iron is red meat such as beef, venison, lamb, buffalo, and fish such as bluefin tuna. A strict low iron diet is usually not necessary. Non-heme iron is not as easily absorbed in the human system and is found in plant-based foods like grains, beans, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. Medication: For those unable to tolerate routine blood draws, there are chelating agents available for use.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17608541", "chunk_text": "\"Iron-deficiency anemia\"\nof iron in their body, and women store about 2.5g. Iron is a mineral that is important in the formation of red blood cells in the body, particularly as a critical component of hemoglobin. About 70% of the iron found in the body is bound to hemoglobin. Iron is primarily absorbed in the small intestine, in particular the duodenum and jejunum. Certain factors increase or decrease absorption of iron. For example, taking Vitamin C with a source of iron is known to increase absorption. Some medications such as tetracyclines and antacids can decrease absorption of iron. After being absorbed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17608552", "chunk_text": "\"Iron-deficiency anemia\"\niron absorption. Oral iron supplements are available in multiple forms. Some are in the form of pills and some are drops for children. Most forms of oral iron replacement therapy are absorbed well by the small intestine; however, there are certain preparations of iron supplements that are designed for longer release in the small intestine than other preparations. Oral iron supplements are best taken up by the body on an empty stomach because food can decrease the amount of iron absorbed from the small intestine. The dosing of oral iron replacement therapy is as much as 200 mg per day.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11229341", "chunk_text": "\"Iron-binding proteins\"\nin heme is much more bio-available to humans (15-35% absorbed), so meats can be a powerful source of dietary iron. Non-heme iron is generally only 2-20% absorbed. However, most iron in an average human's diet comes from non-heme sources simply because higher amounts of plant based foods are consumed. Iron is held onto tightly by the body, and the only way for humans to expel extra iron is through blood loss. Therefore, iron is regulated at uptake, where a relatively low proportion of iron is absorbed. Hepcidin is a hormonal regulator of iron uptake in the intestine. On intestinal cell", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6766164", "chunk_text": "Hephaestin\nHephaestin Hephaestin, also known as HEPH, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the \"\"HEPH\"\" gene. Hephaestin is involved in the metabolism and homeostasis of iron and possibly copper. It is a transmembrane copper-dependent ferroxidase responsible for transporting dietary iron from intestinal enterocytes into the circulatory system. The highest expression of hephaestin is found in small intestine. It is limited to enterocytes of the villi (where the iron absorption takes place), being almost absent in crypt cells. Hephaestin converts iron(II) state, Fe, to iron(III) state, Fe, and mediates iron efflux most likely in cooperation with the basolateral iron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11201941", "chunk_text": "Iron\nspecifically fortified with iron. Iron provided by dietary supplements is often found as iron(II) fumarate, although iron(II) sulfate is cheaper and is absorbed equally well. Elemental iron, or reduced iron, despite being absorbed at only one-third to two-thirds the efficiency (relative to iron sulfate), is often added to foods such as breakfast cereals or enriched wheat flour. Iron is most available to the body when chelated to amino acids and is also available for use as a common iron supplement. Glycine, the cheapest and most common amino acid is most often used to produce iron glycinate supplements. The U.S. Institute", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10062741", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nbe absorbed as part of a protein such as heme protein or iron must be in its ferrous Fe form. A ferric reductase enzyme on the enterocytes’ brush border, duodenal cytochrome B (Dcytb), reduces ferric Fe to Fe. A protein called divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), which can transport several divalent metals across the plasma membrane, then transports iron across the enterocyte’s cell membrane into the cell. It the iron is bound to Heme it is instead transported across the apical membrane by Heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1). These intestinal lining cells can then either store the iron as ferritin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8661833", "chunk_text": "Iron\nIron acquisition poses a problem for aerobic organisms because ferric iron is poorly soluble near neutral pH. Thus, these organisms have developed means to absorb iron as complexes, sometimes taking up ferrous iron before oxidising it back to ferric iron. In particular, bacteria have evolved very high-affinity sequestering agents called siderophores. After uptake in human cells, iron storage is precisely regulated. A major component of this regulation is the protein transferrin, which binds iron ions absorbed from the duodenum and carries it in the blood to cells. Transferrin contains Fe in the middle of a distorted octahedron, bonded to one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6361178", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nblood, and most of the rest (approximately 2 grams in adult men, and somewhat less in women of childbearing age) is contained in ferritin complexes that are present in all cells, but most common in bone marrow, liver, and spleen. The liver's stores of ferritin are the primary physiologic source of reserve iron in the body. The reserves of iron in industrialized countries tend to be lower in children and women of child-bearing age than in men and in the elderly. Women who must use their stores to compensate for iron lost through menstruation, pregnancy or lactation have lower non-hemoglobin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8222179", "chunk_text": "\"Iron polymaltose\"\nferritin concentration, low transferrin saturation). The drug has been on the market since 1978 and is approved in over 85 countries. In many countries it is known with brand name Maltofer(R). The drug is absorbed in the small intestine, primarily in the duodenum and jejunum. Absorption occurs via a controlled, active mechanism. No passive diffusion takes place, which ensures that practically no unbound (to transferrin) iron reaches the blood. The absorbed iron is primarily stored in the liver as ferritin (protein used for iron storage) and subsequently made available to the body for various functions, primarily for incorporation into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "177647", "chunk_text": "\"Iron deficiency\"\nIron deficiency Iron deficiency, or sideropaenia, is the state in which a body has not enough (or not qualitatively enough) iron to supply its eventual needs. Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions, such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component of the hemoglobin protein, acting as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and facilitating oxygen enzyme reactions in various tissues. Too little iron can interfere with these vital functions and lead to morbidity and death. Total body iron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10275514", "chunk_text": "\"HFE hereditary haemochromatosis\"\nHFE hereditary haemochromatosis Haemochromatosis (or hemochromatosis) type 1 autosomal recessive hereditary type of hemochromatosis characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron resulting in a pathological increase in total body iron stores. Humans, like most animals, have no means to excrete excess iron. Excess iron accumulates in tissues and organs disrupting their normal function. The most susceptible organs include the liver, adrenal glands, heart, skin, gonads, joints, and the pancreas; patients can present with cirrhosis, polyarthropathy, adrenal insufficiency, heart failure or diabetes. The hereditary form of the disease is most common among those of Northern European ancestry, in particular those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6361275", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nfor men, and 1.5–2 mg a day for women with regular menstrual periods. People with gastrointestinal parasitic infections, more commonly found in developing countries, often lose more. Those who cannot regulate absorption well enough get disorders of iron overload. In these diseases, the toxicity of iron starts overwhelming the body's ability to bind and store it. Most cell types take up iron primarily through receptor-mediated endocytosis via transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) and GAPDH. TFR1 has a 30-fold higher affinity for transferrin-bound iron than TFR2 and thus is the main player in this process. The higher order", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5025425", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\noxygen species. Iron from this pool can be taken up by mitochondria via mitoferrin to synthesize Fe-S clusters and heme groups. Iron can be stored in ferritin as ferric iron due to the ferroxidase activity of the ferritin heavy chain. Dysfunctional ferritin may accumulate as hemosiderin, which can be problematic in cases of iron overload. The ferritin storage iron pool is much larger than the labile iron pool, ranging in concentration from 0.7 mM to 3.6 mM. Iron export occurs in a variety of cell types, including neurons, erythrocytes, macrophages and enterocytes. The latter two are especially important since systemic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5025335", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\noverload due to frequent blood cell destruction and transfusions. If the systemic iron overload is corrected, over time the hemosiderin is slowly resorbed by macrophages. Human iron homeostasis is regulated at two different levels. Systemic iron levels are balanced by the controlled absorption of dietary iron by enterocytes, the cells that line the interior of the intestines, and the uncontrolled loss of iron from epithelial sloughing, sweat, injuries and blood loss. In addition, systemic iron is continuously recycled. Cellular iron levels are controlled differently by different cell types due to the expression of particular iron regulatory and transport proteins. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10275539", "chunk_text": "\"HFE hereditary haemochromatosis\"\nof the pancreas with iron might disrupt endocrine function resulting in diabetes was made by Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen in 1890. HFE hereditary haemochromatosis Haemochromatosis (or hemochromatosis) type 1 autosomal recessive hereditary type of hemochromatosis characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron resulting in a pathological increase in total body iron stores. Humans, like most animals, have no means to excrete excess iron. Excess iron accumulates in tissues and organs disrupting their normal function. The most susceptible organs include the liver, adrenal glands, heart, skin, gonads, joints, and the pancreas; patients can present with cirrhosis, polyarthropathy, adrenal insufficiency, heart", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6361272", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nwhich is accomplished by Fe binding to apoferritin (in which case the iron will leave the body when the cell dies and is sloughed off into feces), or the cell can release it into the body via the only known iron exporter in mammals, ferroportin. Hephaestin, a ferroxidase that can oxidize Fe to Fe and is found mainly in the small intestine, helps ferroportin transfer iron across the basolateral end of the intestine cells. In contrast, ferroportin is post-translationally repressed by hepcidin, a 25-amino acid peptide hormone. The body regulates iron levels by regulating each of these steps. For instance,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10859593", "chunk_text": "Ferritin\niron is stored in a protein complex as ferritin or hemosiderin. Apoferritin binds to free ferrous iron and stores it in the ferric state. As ferritin accumulates within cells of the reticuloendothelial system, protein aggregates are formed as hemosiderin. Iron in ferritin or hemosiderin can be extracted for release by the RE cells although hemosiderin is less readily available. Under steady state conditions, the serum ferritin level correlates with total body iron stores; thus, the serum ferritin FR5Rl is the most convenient laboratory test to estimate iron stores. Because iron is an important mineral in mineralization, ferritin is employed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18768746", "chunk_text": "\"HFE hereditary haemochromatosis\"\nis mutated, the intestines perpetually interpret a strong transferrin signal as if the body were deficient in iron. This leads to maximal iron absorption from ingested foods and iron overload in the tissues. However, HFE is only part of the story, since many patients with mutated HFE do not manifest clinical iron overload, and some patients with iron overload have a normal HFE genotype. A possible explanation is the fact that HFE normally plays a role in the production of hepcidin in the liver, a function that is impaired in HFE mutations. People with abnormal iron regulatory genes do not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3671503", "chunk_text": "\"Iron supplement\"\n1 out of every 10 people has its heterozygous form. Neither individuals with the homozygous or heterozygous form should take iron supplements. Non-heme iron forms an insoluble complex with several other drugs, resulting in decreased absorption of both iron and the other drug. Examples include tetracycline, penicillamine, methyldopa, levodopa, bisphosphonates and quinolones. The same can occur with elements in food, such as calcium. Absorption of iron is better at a low pH (i.e. an acidic environment), and absorption is decreased if there is a simultaneous intake of antacids. Many other substances decrease the rate of non-heme iron absorption. Examples are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1752060", "chunk_text": "Iron\nrequired for life. The iron–sulfur clusters are pervasive and include nitrogenase, the enzymes responsible for biological nitrogen fixation. Iron-containing proteins participate in transport, storage and used of oxygen. Iron proteins are involved in electron transfer. Examples of iron-containing proteins in higher organisms include hemoglobin, cytochrome (see high-valent iron), and catalase. The average adult human contains about 0.005% body weight of iron, or about four grams, of which three quarters is in hemoglobin – a level that remains constant despite only about one milligram of iron being absorbed each day, because the human body recycles its hemoglobin for the iron content.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17608542", "chunk_text": "\"Iron-deficiency anemia\"\nthe small intestine, iron travels through blood, bound to transferrin, and eventually ends up in the bone marrow, where it is involved in red blood cell formation. When red blood cells are degraded, the iron is recycled by the body and stored. When the amount of iron needed by the body exceeds the amount of iron that is readily available, the body can use iron stores (ferritin) for a period of time, and red blood cell formation continues normally. However, as these stores continue to be used, iron is eventually depleted to the point that red blood cell formation is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17608537", "chunk_text": "\"Iron-deficiency anemia\"\nPRI increases from 7 to 11 mg/day. The PRIs are higher than the US RDAs, with the exception of pregnancy. Iron from food is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine, primarily in the duodenum. Iron malabsorption is a less common cause of iron-deficiency anemia, but many gastrointestinal disorders can reduce the body's ability to absorb iron. There are different mechanisms that may be present. In celiac disease, abnormal changes in the structure of the duodenum can decrease iron absorption. Abnormalities or surgical removal of the stomach can also lead to malabsorption by altering the acidic environment needed for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5025333", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nbody stores, which may consist of , or even less. Of the body's total iron content, about is devoted to cellular proteins that use iron for important cellular processes like storing oxygen (myoglobin) or performing energy-producing redox reactions (cytochromes). A relatively small amount (3–4 mg) circulates through the plasma, bound to transferrin. Because of its toxicity, free soluble iron is kept in low concentration in the body. Iron deficiency first affects the storage iron in the body, and depletion of these stores is thought to be relatively non-symptomatic, although some vague and non-specific symptoms have been associated with it. Since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17494017", "chunk_text": "Ferric\nbecause all known forms of life require iron and ordinary iron(III) compounds are insoluble in an aerobic environment. Iron-deficiency anemia illustrates the problems resulting from low iron intake. Many foods contain soluble iron compounds and are therefore necessary for good nutrition. The low bioavailability of iron affects all forms of life. Bacteria secrete iron-attracting agents called siderophores that form soluble compounds of iron that can be reabsorbed into the cell and used in building iron-containing metalloproteins.It forms mettalloprotein ferritin in our body and stores in this form. The impact of increasing the bioavailability of iron was famously demonstrated by an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10859598", "chunk_text": "Ferritin\ngenetic sequence, from the somatic ferritin. It is produced in the midgut glands and secreted into the haemolymph, whence it is transported to the eggs. Ferritin is also used in materials science as a precursor in making iron nanoparticles for carbon nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition. In vertebrates, ferritin is usually found within cells, although it is also present in smaller quantities in the plasma. Serum ferritin levels are measured in medical laboratories as part of the iron studies workup for iron-deficiency anemia. The ferritin levels measured usually have a direct correlation with the total amount of iron stored", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5824820", "chunk_text": "Ferritin\nFerritin Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including algae, bacteria, higher plants, and animals. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload. Ferritin is found in most tissues as a cytosolic protein, but small amounts are secreted into the serum where it functions as an iron carrier. Plasma ferritin is also an indirect marker of the total amount of iron stored in the body, hence serum ferritin is used as a diagnostic test for iron-deficiency anemia.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9770148", "chunk_text": "Iron\nin vertebrates. Iron is also the metal at the active site of many important redox enzymes dealing with cellular respiration and oxidation and reduction in plants and animals. In adult human males are some 3.8 grams of iron, and 2.3 grams in females, for whom iron is distributed in hemoglobin and throughout the body. Iron is a critical element in the metabolism of hundreds of proteins and enzymes involved in diverse body functions, such as oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and cell growth. The mechanical properties of iron and its alloys can be evaluated using a variety of tests, including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "426666", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\niron is primarily required for hemoglobin, iron deficiency anemia is the primary clinical manifestation of iron deficiency. Iron-deficient people will suffer or die from organ damage well before cells run out of the iron needed for intracellular processes like electron transport. Macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system store iron as part of the process of breaking down and processing hemoglobin from engulfed red blood cells. Iron is also stored as a pigment called hemosiderin which is an ill-defined deposit of protein and iron, created by macrophages where excess iron is present, either locally or systemically for example among people with iron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8849404", "chunk_text": "\"Endocytic cycle\"\nIt is the vehicle with which iron is carried around the body. Free ferric ions are toxic; but cells need iron to build many of their proteins including cytochromes and hemoglobin. Ferric ions are carried in the blood tightly bound to transferrin as ferritransferrin. Dividing cells, which need the iron, gain it by binding the ferritransferrin to transferrin receptors on their surfaces. These receptors also have a high affinity for coated pits. Like the LDL receptor, the transferrin receptor is internalised into a coated vesicle. The iron is released inside the cell and the receptor returned to the cell surface.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7611599", "chunk_text": "Hemoglobin\nclog small blood vessels, especially the delicate blood filtering vessels of the kidneys, causing kidney damage. Iron is removed from heme and salvaged for later use, it is stored as hemosiderin or ferritin in tissues and transported in plasma by beta globulins as transferrins. When the porphyrin ring is broken up, the fragments are normally secreted as a yellow pigment called bilirubin, which is secreted into the intestines as bile. Intestines metabolise bilirubin into urobilinogen. Urobilinogen leaves the body in faeces, in a pigment called stercobilin. Globulin is metabolised into amino acids that are then released into circulation. Hemoglobin deficiency", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18768749", "chunk_text": "\"HFE hereditary haemochromatosis\"\ngreater than 62% is suggestive of homozygosity for mutations in the HFE gene. Serum Ferritin: Ferritin, a protein synthesized by the liver is the primary form of iron storage within cells and tissues. Measuring ferritin provides another crude estimate of whole body iron stores though many conditions, particularly inflammation (but also chronic alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and others), can elevate serum ferritin - which can account for up to 90% of cases where elevated levels are observed. Normal values for males are 12–300 ng/ml (nanograms per millilitre) and for female, 12–150 ng/ml. Serum ferritin in excess of 1000", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "615743", "chunk_text": "Duodenum\nDuodenum The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. In mammals the duodenum may be the principal site for iron absorption. The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest part of the small intestine. In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25–38 cm (10–15 inches) long connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It begins with the duodenal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17084332", "chunk_text": "\"Hemochromatosis type 4\"\nof inheritance, type 4 is an autosomal dominant disorder. The dominant inheritance pattern occurs in hemochromatosis type 4 because ferroportin is multimeric. Consequently, mutant ferroportin can associate with wild-type ferroportin in multimers and interfere with the function of normal ferroportin proteins. In normal iron regulation, iron is absorbed in the intestine, and ferroportin transports iron from the cells of the intestinal lining into the bloodstream. Iron in the bloodstream is then bound by transferrin, which carries the iron to target cells. Iron is stored in cells and blood serum in a protein called ferritin. Reticuloendothelial macrophages, which can phagocytose red", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10062640", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nfor the functioning and survival of nearly all cell types. Oxygen is transported from the lungs to the rest of the body bound to the heme group of hemoglobin in erythrocytes. In muscles cells, iron binds myoglobin, which regulates its release. Iron is also potentially toxic. Its ability to donate and accept electrons means that it can catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide into free radicals. Free radicals can cause damage to a wide variety of cellular structures, and ultimately kill the cell. Iron bound to proteins or cofactors such as heme is safe. Also, there are virtually no truly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8720351", "chunk_text": "\"Iron deficiency\"\nbeans, leafy vegetables, pistachios, tofu, fortified bread, and fortified breakfast cereals. Iron from different foods is absorbed and processed differently by the body; for instance, iron in meat (heme-iron source) is more easily absorbed than iron in grains and vegetables (\"\"non-heme\"\" iron sources). Minerals and chemicals in one type of food may also inhibit absorption of iron from another type of food eaten at the same time. For example, oxalates and phytic acid form insoluble complexes which bind iron in the gut before it can be absorbed. Because iron from plant sources is less easily absorbed than the heme-bound iron", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6361273", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nenterocytes synthesize more Dcytb, DMT1 and ferroportin in response to iron deficiency anemia. Iron absorption from diet is enhanced in the presence of vitamin C and diminished by excess calcium, zinc, or manganese. The human body’s rate of iron absorption appears to respond to a variety of interdependent factors, including total iron stores, the extent to which the bone marrow is producing new red blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, and the oxygen content of the blood. The body also absorbs less iron during times of inflammation, in order to deprive bacteria of iron. Recent discoveries demonstrate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10275523", "chunk_text": "\"HFE hereditary haemochromatosis\"\ndisease. Penetrance differs between populations. Since the regulation of iron metabolism is still poorly understood, a clear model of how haemochromatosis operates is still not available. A working model describes the defect in the HFE gene, where a mutation puts the intestinal absorption of iron into overdrive. Normally, HFE facilitates the binding of transferrin, which is iron's carrier protein in the blood. Transferrin levels are typically elevated at times of iron depletion (low ferritin stimulates the release of transferrin from the liver). When transferrin is high, HFE works to increase the intestinal release of iron into the blood. When HFE", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3671488", "chunk_text": "\"Iron supplement\"\nIron supplement Iron supplements, also known as iron salts and iron pills, are a number of iron formulations used to treat and prevent iron deficiency including iron deficiency anemia. For prevention they are only recommended in those with poor absorption, heavy menstrual periods, pregnancy, hemodialysis, or a diet low in iron. Prevention may also be used in low birth weight babies. They are taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle. While benefits may be seen in days up to two months may be required until iron levels return to normal. Common side effects include constipation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17494016", "chunk_text": "Ferric\nFerric Ferric refers to iron-containing materials or compounds. In chemistry the term is reserved for iron with an oxidation number of +3, also denoted iron(III) or Fe. On the other hand, ferrous refers to iron with oxidation number of +2, denoted iron(II) or Fe. Iron(III) is usually the most stable form of iron in air, as illustrated by the pervasiveness of rust, an insoluble iron(III)-containing material. The word ferric is derived from the Latin word \"\"ferrum\"\" for iron. Many proteins contain ferric ions. Examples include iron-sulfur clusters, oxyhemoglobin, ferritin, and the cytochromes. The bioavailability of iron is of great interest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6361172", "chunk_text": "\"Human iron metabolism\"\nenergy as ATP from a multi-step process known as cellular respiration, more specifically from oxidative phosphorylation at the mitochondrial cristae. Iron is present in the iron-sulfur clusters and heme groups of the electron transport chain proteins that generate a proton gradient that allows ATP synthase to synthesize ATP (chemiosmosis). Heme groups are part of hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that serves to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Heme groups are also present in myoglobin to store and diffuse oxygen in muscle cells. The human body needs iron for oxygen transport. Oxygen (O) is required", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16703517", "chunk_text": "\"Iron overload\"\nIron overload Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) indicates accumulation of iron in the body from any cause. The most important causes are hereditary haemochromatosis (HHC), a genetic disorder, and transfusional iron overload, which can result from repeated blood transfusions. Organs most commonly affected by haemochromatosis are the liver, heart, and endocrine glands. Haemochromatosis may present with the following clinical syndromes: Diabetes in people with iron overload occurs as a result of selective iron deposition in islet beta cells in the pancreas leading to functional failure and cell death. Arthritis, from calcium pyrophosphate deposition in joints leading to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8720343", "chunk_text": "\"Iron deficiency\"\naverages approximately 3.8 g in men and 2.3 g in women. In blood plasma, iron is carried tightly bound to the protein transferrin. There are several mechanisms that control human iron metabolism and safeguard against iron deficiency. The main regulatory mechanism is situated in the gastrointestinal tract. When loss of iron is not sufficiently compensated by adequate intake of iron from the diet, a state of iron deficiency develops over time. When this state is uncorrected, it leads to iron deficiency anemia. Before anemia occurs, the medical condition of iron deficiency without anemia is called latent iron deficiency (LID) or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14498851", "chunk_text": "\"Copper in health\"\nbe differences among species with respect to the site of maximal absorption. Copper is absorbed from the stomach and duodenum in rats and from the lower small intestine in hamsters. The site of maximal copper absorption is not known for humans, but is assumed to be the stomach and upper intestine because of the rapid appearance of Cu64 in the plasma after oral administration. Absorption of copper ranges from 15–97%, depending on copper content, form of the copper, and composition of the diet. Various factors influence copper absorption. For example, copper absorption is enhanced by ingestion of animal protein, citrate,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6757156", "chunk_text": "Zinc\niron and it is the only metal which appears in all enzyme classes. In proteins, zinc ions are often coordinated to the amino acid side chains of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cysteine and histidine. The theoretical and computational description of this zinc binding in proteins (as well as that of other transition metals) is difficult. Roughly grams of zinc are distributed throughout the human body. Most zinc is in the brain, muscle, bones, kidney, and liver, with the highest concentrations in the prostate and parts of the eye. Semen is particularly rich in zinc, a key factor in prostate gland", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2898697", "chunk_text": "Ferritin\nnanoparticles (NPs). Protein shells served as a template to restrain particle growth and as a coating to prevent coagulation/aggregation between NPs. Using various sizes of protein shells, various sizes of NPs can be easily synthesized for chemical, physical and bio-medical applications. Ferritin Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion. The protein is produced by almost all living organisms, including algae, bacteria, higher plants, and animals. In humans, it acts as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload. Ferritin is found in most tissues as a cytosolic protein, but small amounts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10275525", "chunk_text": "\"HFE hereditary haemochromatosis\"\nreduce their absorption of iron in response to increased iron levels in the body. Thus the iron stores of the body increase. As they increase, the iron which is initially stored as ferritin is deposited in organs as haemosiderin and this is toxic to tissue, probably at least partially by inducing oxidative stress. Iron is a pro-oxidant. Thus, haemochromatosis shares common symptomology (e.g., cirrhosis and dyskinetic symptoms) with other \"\"pro-oxidant\"\" diseases such as Wilson's disease, chronic manganese poisoning, and hyperuricaemic syndrome in Dalmatian dogs. The latter also experience \"\"bronzing\"\". The diagnosis of haemochromatosis is often made following the incidental finding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "177659", "chunk_text": "\"Iron deficiency\"\ncan provide protection against acute infection, especially against organisms that reside within hepatocytes and macrophages, such as malaria and tuberculosis. This is mainly beneficial in regions with a high prevalence of these diseases and where standard treatment is unavailable. Iron deficiency Iron deficiency, or sideropaenia, is the state in which a body has not enough (or not qualitatively enough) iron to supply its eventual needs. Iron is present in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions, such as carrying oxygen to the tissues from the lungs as a key component of the hemoglobin protein, acting as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3264	when was the last time ny rangers won stanley cup?	n/a	[ "1993–94" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10227294", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nof teams referred to as the Original Six, along with the Boston Bruins, Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs. The Rangers were the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the Stanley Cup, which they have done four times, most recently in 1993–94. George Lewis \"\"Tex\"\" Rickard, president of Madison Square Garden, was awarded an NHL franchise for the 1926–27 season to compete with the now-defunct New York Americans, who had begun play at the Garden the previous season. The Americans (also known as the \"\"Amerks\"\") proved to be an even greater success", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426880", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nViacom in 1994. Viacom then sold the team to ITT Corporation and Cablevision, and a couple of years later, ITT sold their ownership stake to Cablevision, who owned the team until 2010, when they spun off the MSG properties as their own company. The 1993–94 season was a successful one for Rangers fans, as Mike Keenan led the Rangers to their first Stanley Cup championship in 54 years. Two years prior, they picked up center Mark Messier, a part of the Edmonton Oilers' Cup-winning teams. Other ex-Oilers on the Rangers included Adam Graves, Kevin Lowe, Jeff Beukeboom, Esa Tikkanen, Craig", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17994562", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nseason-by-season history, see List of New York Rangers seasons.\"\" \"\"Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime/Shootout Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against\"\" The current general manager is Jeff Gorton, who was named on July 1, 2015. The current head coach is David Quinn, who was named on May 23, 2018. The following lists the league awards which have been won by the Rangers team and its players and alumni: Stanley Cup Victoria Cup Presidents' Trophy Prince of Wales Trophy O'Brien Cup Bill Masterton Memorial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721844", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nhistory to defeat Pittsburgh in seven games. They then defeated the Montreal Canadiens in six games to become the Eastern Conference champions, moving on to the Stanley Cup finals for the first time in 20 years. In the finals, they faced the Los Angeles Kings, the Western Conference champions and champions in 2012. The Rangers led the first two games by two goals and eventually fell in overtime, and were then shut-out at home 3–0 in Game 3. The Kings outshot the Rangers in Game 4, but the Rangers staved off elimination by winning the game 2–1 to force a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11692467", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\nby Gulf+Western, which was renamed to Paramount Communications in 1989, and sold to Viacom in 1994. Viacom then sold the team to ITT Corporation and Cablevision, and several years later, ITT sold their ownership stake to Cablevision, who still owns the team today The 1993–94 season was a successful one for Rangers fans, as Mike Keenan led the Rangers to their first Stanley Cup championship in 54 years. Two years prior, they acquired center Mark Messier, who was a part of the Edmonton Oilers' Stanley Cup-winning teams. Adam Graves, who also came from the Oilers, joined the Rangers as well.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17642914", "chunk_text": "\"Islanders–Rangers rivalry\"\nduring interleague or championship games. The Islanders and Rangers play each other six times each regular season, with each team hosting three games. Since 2001, the Pat LaFontaine Trophy has been awarded to the winner of the Rangers-Islanders regular season series. In the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, the rivalry was mostly one-sided in favor of the dominant Islanders, who ultimately won four Stanley Cup championships in a row during that time. Since 1994, however, the rivalry has shifted more towards the Rangers. The Rangers won their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 and have experienced much playoff success since,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17642917", "chunk_text": "\"Islanders–Rangers rivalry\"\nto 1984; the Islanders won each series by margins of 4–0, 4–2, 4–2 and 3–2 en route to 4 finals and 3 Stanley Cups (in addition to their win to make it 4 championships and 5 finals in a row). In the 1990s, the teams met twice, with the Rangers winning 4–1 in 1990, and sweeping the Islanders 4–0 in 1994, en route to winning their first Stanley Cup since 1940. The 1994 first-round playoff series is the most recent meeting between the two teams in the playoffs. The Rangers' fanbase generally comes from the city's five boroughs, Westchester, Fairfield,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17642915", "chunk_text": "\"Islanders–Rangers rivalry\"\nincluding four appearances in the Eastern Conference Finals in 1997, 2012, 2014, and 2015 (where they lost to their other two biggest rivals, the Philadelphia Flyers (in 1997) and New Jersey Devils (in 2012)), as well as a trip to the Stanley Cup Final in 2014. The Islanders, meanwhile, did not win a playoff series after 1993 until their victory over the Florida Panthers in 2016. However, since the 2015-16 NHL season the Islanders have won 11 of the last 12 games between the 2 teams, making the rivalry one-sided. In 1975, the Islanders made their first trip to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426884", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nwhile Alexander Karpovtsev, Alexei Kovalev, Sergei Nemchinov and Sergei Zubov became the first Russians to have their names engraved on the Cup. Despite having coached the Rangers to a regular season first-place finish and the Stanley Cup, head coach Mike Keenan left after a dispute with general manager Neil Smith. During the 1994–95 lockout-shortened season, the Rangers won their first-round series with the Quebec Nordiques, but lost in the second round of the playoffs to the Philadelphia Flyers in four games with succeeding head coach Colin Campbell. General manager Neil Smith orchestrated a deal that sent Sergei Zubov and center", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721854", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\ndraft picks. With the team missing the playoffs for the first time since 2010, finishing under .500 for the first time since 2004 and placing last in the Metropolitan Division, head coach Vigneault was fired after the conclusion of the season. On May 23, David Quinn was hired as the team's new head coach. During the off-season, the Rangers re-signed Namestnikov to a two-year deal at the deadline for the free agency on July 1, 2018, and they also signed Fredrik Claesson to a one-year deal the same day. Hayes, Vesey, Brady Skjei, and Spooner all had filed for salary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10227293", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nNew York Rangers The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan. The Rangers are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area, along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders. The club is also one of the oldest teams in the NHL, having joined in 1926 as an expansion franchise. They are part of the group", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19338204", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nin exchange for a first-round draft pick (7th overall) and former first-round pick, Anthony DeAngelo. The Rangers' management was also successful in signing top free agent defenseman Kevin Shattenkirk on July 1, 2017, to a four-year deal. The Rangers got off to a slow start and on February 8, 2018, the team was not reaching expectations with a 25–24–5 record and the front office issued a letter to fans essentially announcing the Rangers would be going through a rebuild process. The letter openly stated the team may \"\"lose some familiar faces\"\" and over the next couple of weeks the team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721846", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nwas named the Rangers' 27th captain in team history, with Derek Stepan, Dan Girardi, Marc Staal and Martin St. Louis serving as alternates. In the 2014-15 season the Rangers won the Presidents' Trophy for the third time in franchise history and their seventh division title by finishing with the best record in the NHL at 53–22–7. The 53 wins and 113 points both set franchise records. The division title was the Rangers' first in the Metropolitan Division, which was created during the NHL's realignment in the 2013 off-season. The team won 28 road games in the regular season, breaking the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11692500", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\ncontract in order to free up salary cap space. This move left Marc Staal and Dan Girardi as the team's remaining alternate captains. On October 6, 2014, defenseman Ryan McDonagh was named the Rangers' 27th captain in team history, with Derek Stepan, Dan Girardi, Marc Staal and Martin St. Louis serving as alternates. In the 2014–15 season, the Rangers won the Presidents' Trophy for the third time in franchise history and their seventh division title by finishing with the best record in the NHL at 53–22–7. The 53 wins and 113 points both set franchise records. The division title was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5733329", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\nCup win in 1994 by a team led by captain Mark Messier, Brian Leetch, Adam Graves and Mike Richter, all of whose numbers have since been retired by the team. In 1925, the New York Americans joined the NHL, playing in Madison Square Garden. The \"\"Amerks\"\" proved to be a greater success than expected, leading Garden president Tex Rickard to seek his own franchise for the Garden, despite promising the Amerks they would be the only hockey team to play there. Rickard was granted a franchise, which he originally planned to name the \"\"New York Giants\"\". By the time the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3238919", "chunk_text": "\"Capitals–Rangers rivalry\"\nRangers took the first three games easily before the Capitals stayed alive by winning game four. The Rangers then took game five and became the eventual Stanley Cup champions, their first since 1940. With the 1998 realignment moving the Capitals into the Southeast Division, and both teams struggling to make the playoffs until 2007, the rivalry died down. However, the emergence of Alex Ovechkin for the Capitals has allowed his team to reenter the playoffs after a three-year drought. In 2009, the two teams met for the first time in the playoffs since 1994. The Rangers took a 3–1 series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721843", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nlater became a first-round pick), and a conditional seventh-round pick in 2015, for Tampa Bay captain Martin St. Louis and a conditional second-round pick in 2015. The trade occurred in large part after the Rangers and Callahan were unable to reach a contract extension in the days leading up to the deadline. During the regular season, the Rangers won 25 road games, setting a then-franchise record. In the first round of the 2014 playoffs, New York defeated Philadelphia in seven games, and in the next round, the Rangers rallied from a 3–1 series deficit for the first time in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20428221", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nare updated after each completed NHL regular season. Footnotes Citations New York Rangers The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan. The Rangers are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area, along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders. The club is also one of the oldest teams in the NHL, having joined in 1926", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426865", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nTimes Square, that the Rangers obtained their now-famous nickname \"\"The Broadway Blueshirts.\"\" On December 13, 1929, the New York Rangers became the first team in the NHL to travel by plane when they hired the Curtiss-Wright Corporation to fly them to Toronto for a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs, which they lost 7–6. In only their second season, the Rangers won the Stanley Cup, defeating the Montreal Maroons three games to two. One of the most memorable stories that emerged from the finals involved Patrick playing in goal at the age of 44. At the time, teams were not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11692498", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\nof the 2014 playoffs, New York defeated Philadelphia in seven games, and in the next round, the Rangers rallied from a 3–1 series deficit for the first time in their history to defeat Pittsburgh in seven games. They then defeated the Montreal Canadiens in six games to become the Eastern Conference champions, moving on to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 20 years. In the Finals, they faced the Los Angeles Kings, the Western Conference champions and champions in 2012. The Rangers led the first two games by two goals and eventually fell in overtime, and were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1474783", "chunk_text": "\"Sam Rosen (sportscaster)\"\nbeen widely popular among Rangers fans and a staple of any Rangers broadcast. However, his most memorable call was in 1994 when the Rangers won the Stanley Cup for the first time in 54 years: \"\"The waiting is over—the New York Rangers are the Stanley Cup Champions! And this one will last a lifetime!\"\" Rosen's call is usually the most often-played of that moment. It is still the highest-rated game in MSG Network history. Rosen was recognized before the Rangers-Islanders game on March 21, 2014, for thirty years of service with the MSG Network. They then did a special called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "540681", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nplayoffs in 12 of the next 16 years. However, the team was rejuvenated in the late 1960s, symbolized by moving into the fourth version of Madison Square Garden in 1968. A year earlier, they made the playoffs for the first time in five years on the strength of rookie goaltender Eddie Giacomin and acquired 1950s Montreal Canadiens star right wing Bernie \"\"Boom Boom\"\" Geoffrion. The Rangers made the finals twice in the 1970s, but lost both times to two '70s powerhouses; in six games to the Boston Bruins in , who were led by such stars as Bobby Orr, Phil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14026456", "chunk_text": "\"2014 Stanley Cup Finals\"\nthe Kings had met in the post-season - this also being the most recent NHL season where it was possible for any two teams to meet in any round of the postseason. In 1981 the Rangers eliminated the Kings during the first round of the playoffs. This was New York's 11th appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, and they were seeking their fifth Cup championship overall and their first one since , 20 years earlier. Since their win in 1994, their only other post-season highlights were reaching the Conference Finals in 1997 and 2012. The Rangers entered the season after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13565969", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\nHistory of the New York Rangers The history of the New York Rangers hockey team began in 1926 when the National Hockey League (NHL) granted a franchise to Tex Rickard, the founder of the team. The Rangers experienced early success, winning the Stanley Cup in only their second season of existence, and would go on to win two more in the next 12 years. After their Stanley Cup win in 1940, the Rangers then suffered through one of the longest championship droughts in NHL history, which became known as the Curse of 1940. The 54-year drought ended with a Stanley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17994559", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nthe 2010–11 season, the Rangers debuted a heritage blue jersey as their new alternate uniform. The jersey features a darker shade a blue, as well as a cream trim. Unlike the regular jerseys, the font of the alternate is in sans-serif and does not feature a dropshadow, much like the original Rangers jersey. The Rangers wore the jerseys at home on Saturdays and when they played against Original Six teams. For the 2017–18 season, the heritage jersey was retired because of the league-wide switch to the Adidas uniform format. In the 2012 NHL Winter Classic, the Rangers wore a cream", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721847", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nfranchise record set the previous season. Over the course of the season the Rangers agreed to terms on a contract extension with Cam Talbot, Marc Staal, and Mats Zuccarello. In the playoffs the Rangers dispatched the Pittsburgh Penguins in five games in the first round. The Rangers then came back from a 3–1 series deficit to win their second-round series against the Capitals in seven games, becoming the first team in NHL history to battle back from a 3–1 deficit in back-to-back seasons and sending the Rangers to the Eastern Conference Final for the third time in four years. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426879", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nTrophy. They took a 2–1 series lead on the defending champion Pittsburgh Penguins and then faltered in three-straight (some observers note a Ron Francis slapshot from outside the blue line that eluded goaltender Mike Richter as the series' turning point). The following year, injuries and a 1–11 regular season finish landed the Rangers at the bottom of the Patrick Division after being in a playoff position for much of the season. Head coach Roger Neilson did not finish the season. During this period, the Rangers were owned by Gulf+Western, which was renamed to Paramount Communications in 1989, and sold to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721855", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\narbitration and all of them were re-signed. Hayes got a one-year extension, Vesey and Spooner both got two-year extensions, while Skjei signed a six-year extension. Just one week before the 2018–19 pre-season began, the Rangers traded Steven Kampfer in exchange for veteran Bruins defenseman Adam McQuaid. The classic Rangers sweater has been in use since the franchise's foundation, with several alterations along the way. The current blue uniform has the serifed word \"\"Rangers\"\" in red and white drop shadow arranged diagonally, with red and white stripes on the sleeves and tail. Originally, the uniform was light blue, before it switched", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20428200", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nthe Rangers held a two-goal lead on three different occasions, but lost in the second overtime, putting themselves in a 2–0 series deficit. The team responded with consecutive 4–1 home wins in Games 3 and 4 to tie the series at two games apiece. However, in the next two games of the series, the Rangers faltered and were eliminated by the Senators in six games. On June 14, 2017, the Rangers announced a buyout of the remaining three years on Dan Girardi's contract. Just over a week later, the Rangers traded Derek Stepan and Antti Raanta to the Arizona Coyotes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17994530", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\na special ceremony featuring Rangers alumni and current players discussing the history of the storied franchise. The club wore the jersey for the first time on November 17 when they played the Boston Bruins at Madison Square Garden. The jersey was to be worn every time the Rangers play an Original Six team, or on a Sunday afternoon game at home. The Rangers' fate of making or missing the playoffs came down to the final day of the regular season for the second-straight year. The team defeated the New Jersey Devils on the final day of the season to finish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3238918", "chunk_text": "\"Capitals–Rangers rivalry\"\ntook Games 1 and 3 2–1 and 6–0 respectively. The Capitals took the next three games to defeat the Rangers in six games, but the Capitals lost against the eventual Stanley Cup-winning Pittsburgh Penguins. In 1992, both teams made the playoffs with the top two regular season records, but both lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins who won another Stanley Cup that year. In 1994, the two would meet for the last time until 2009. The Rangers won the President's Trophy that year and swept the Islanders in the first round while the Capitals defeated the Penguins in six games. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11692495", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\nRangers a 3–2 series lead. The Rangers went on to win the series 4–3, sending them to the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time since 1997. In the Conference Finals, they faced the New Jersey Devils, a major divisional rival. After leading the series 2-1, the Rangers lost three games in a row, losing Game 6 in New Jersey with a goal by Devils forward Adam Henrique at 1:03 in overtime, giving the Devils a 4–2 series win and ending the Rangers' season. On July 23, 2012, the Rangers traded Brandon Dubinsky, Artem Anisimov, Tim Erixon and a 2013", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721849", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nmarking the first occasion the Rangers had ever lost a Game 7 at home in franchise history and the first time they lost an elimination game at home since they lost to Buffalo in 2007. On June 27, 2015 the Rangers traded Carl Hagelin and a pair of draft picks to the Anaheim Ducks for Emerson Etem and a draft pick, Cam Talbot and a draft pick to the Edmonton Oilers for three draft picks, and prospect Ryan Haggerty to the Chicago Blackhawks for Antti Raanta, who was to become the backup goaltender to Lundqvist. Subsequently, on July 1, 2015,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19338201", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nthe season with 101 points for back-to-back 100+ point seasons. Despite high hopes, the Rangers were eliminated by the Pittsburgh Penguins in the first round of the 2016 playoffs in five games. On May 2, the Rangers agreed to terms with Antti Raanta on a contract extension, and on May 13, signed Pavel Buchnevich to an entry-level contract. On June 25, 2016 the Rangers acquired Nick Holden from the Colorado Avalanche for a 2017 fourth-round draft pick. Over the course of the summer, the Rangers re-signed J. T. Miller, Chris Kreider, and Kevin Hayes, while Dominic Moore, among others, departed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17994538", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nGame 5 in Los Angeles. They had another lead in Game 5, but after the game was tied and subsequently sent to overtime, Kings defenseman Alec Martinez scored with 5:17 left in the second overtime period to win the game for Los Angeles, 3–2, as well as the Stanley Cup. On June 20, 2014, a week after their season ended, the Rangers bought-out the remaining six years of Brad Richards' contract in order to free up salary cap space. This move left Marc Staal and Dan Girardi as the team's remaining alternate captains. On October 6, 2014, defenseman Ryan McDonagh", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426881", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nMacTavish and Glenn Anderson. Graves set a team record with 52 goals, breaking the prior record of 50 held by Vic Hadfield. The Rangers clinched the Presidents' Trophy by finishing with the best record in the NHL at 52–24–8, setting a franchise record with 112 points earned. The Rangers successfully made it past the first two rounds of the playoffs, sweeping the New York Islanders, and then defeating the Washington Capitals in five games. However, in the conference finals against the third-seeded New Jersey Devils, the Rangers lost the series opener at home in double overtime, but won the next", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20426877", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nto the finals again before bowing out to the Canadiens. However, the Islanders got their revenge after eliminating the Rangers in four consecutive playoff series beginning in 1981 \"\"en route\"\" to their second of four consecutive Stanley Cup titles. The Rangers stayed competitive through the 1980s and early 1990s, making the playoffs each year. In the 1985–86 playoffs, the Rangers, behind the play of rookie goaltender John Vanbiesbrouck, upended the Patrick Division-winning Flyers in five games followed by a six-game win over the Washington Capitals in the Patrick Division finals. Montreal, however, disposed of the Rangers in the Wales Conference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20204918", "chunk_text": "\"Islanders–Rangers rivalry\"\nuntil the Islanders beat them in a shootout on February 14, 2013. The Islanders' first overall draft-pick in 2009, John Tavares, has scored 20+ goals in the past six seasons and led them back to the playoffs in 2013, 2015 and 2016. On April 13, 2013, during a Rangers-Islanders game at Nassau Coliseum, the Rangers and Islanders were both scoreless in regulation for the first time since 1989, but defenseman Daniel Girardi won it for the Rangers in overtime. On Wednesday, January 29, 2014, the Rangers defeated the Islanders 2–1 in the third game of the 2014 NHL Stadium Series;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20428217", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nClassic sweaters, player names are in a straight position. The 2018 NHL Winter Classic saw the Rangers wear a navy jersey with a combination of elements from prior uniform designs. The striping design was inspired from their current uniforms, while the white \"\"Rangers\"\" wordmark was a nod from the team's late 1920s jerseys. A white silhouette of the Rangers' shield logo contained either the abbreviation \"\"N.Y.\"\" or the alternate captain \"\"A\"\" and captain \"\"C\"\" designations. Player names are arranged in a straight position. \"\"This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Rangers. For the full", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19085560", "chunk_text": "\"1994 Stanley Cup playoffs\"\nwere making their tenth appearance in the Finals and first since losing to Montreal in . The Rangers last won the Stanley Cup in 1940. With the Rangers having 112 points against Vancouver's 85, the 27 point difference was the largest point differential between two teams in a Stanley Cup Final since 1982 when 41 points separated the New York Islanders (118) and Vancouver (77). In a back and forth series that went the maximum, one lengthy drought ended and another began. The Rangers won the Stanley Cup their fourth title in franchise history, and first since , while the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "542182", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\non April 3, the Rangers then traded Marian Gaborik, Steven Delisle, and Blake Parlett to Columbus for Derick Brassard, Derek Dorsett, John Moore, and a 2014 sixth-round draft pick. After the Rangers were eliminated from the second round of the playoffs by Boston, management fired head coach John Tortorella, and on June 21, 2013, general manager Glen Sather formally introduced ex-Canucks head coach Alain Vigneault as Tortorella's replacement, becoming the 35th head coach in franchise history. On March 5, 2014, the Rangers traded their captain Ryan Callahan, a first-round draft pick in 2015, a conditional second-round pick in 2014 (which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2765285", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\nGarden, and were captured on film. Leetch became the first American-born player to win the Conn Smythe Trophy, the first non-Canadian to win it, and Keenan avoided being the first coach to lose Game 7 Stanley Cup Finals with two teams. However, this unfortunate fate would befall Babcock in 2009 when the Red Wings lost to the Pittsburgh Penguins, in-state rivals of the Flyers. The Rangers winning this Stanley Cup was the highest-rated single CBC Sports program in history to that point (now that distinction belongs to the men's ice hockey gold medal game between Canada and the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5733378", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\ntwo other goals in an emphatic 7–3 Rangers victory to force a Game 7 in New York. There, the Lightning shutout the Rangers 2–0, ending the Rangers' season and marking the first occasion the Rangers had ever lost a Game 7 at home in franchise history and the first time they lost an elimination game at home since they lost to Buffalo in 2007. On June 27, 2015 the Rangers traded Carl Hagelin and a pair of draft picks to the Anaheim Ducks in exchange for Emerson Etem and a draft pick, Cam Talbot and a draft pick to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11692497", "chunk_text": "\"History of the New York Rangers\"\nhead coach in franchise history. On March 5, 2014, the Rangers traded captain Ryan Callahan, a first-round draft pick in 2015, a conditional second-round pick in 2014 (which later became a first-round pick) and a conditional seventh-round pick in 2015 in exchange for Tampa Bay captain Martin St. Louis and a conditional second-round pick in 2015. The trade occurred in large part after the Rangers and Callahan were unable to reach a contract extension in the days leading up to the deadline. During the regular season, the Rangers won 25 road games, setting a then-franchise record. In the first round", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18721850", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nGlen Sather resigned as the general manager, with Jeff Gorton taking his place to become the 11th general manager in team history. On July 2, 2015, Martin St. Louis announced his retirement. The team then signed Emerson Etem, and re-signed Oscar Lindberg, Jesper Fast, J. T. Miller, and Derek Stepan. The Rangers started off the 2015–16 season well. After 18 games, they had a 14–2–2 record and a nine-game winning streak, which was eventually halted by Tampa Bay. However, the organization soon went downhill in the winter, losing three-straight games against the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins and Philadelphia Flyers. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10227328", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nof the sudden death of 2007 first-round pick Alexei Cherepanov, which occurred during a KHL game in Russia on October 13, 2008. A disappointing second half of the season followed. After the Rangers went 2-7-3 in their previous 12 games, on February 23, 2009 coach Tom Renney was fired, with 2004 Stanley Cup and Jack Adams Award winner John Tortorella named as his replacement. The Rangers made the 2009 playoffs, but lost their opening round series to the Washington Capitals four games to three after winning the first two games in Washington and having a 3–1 series lead after Game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17994544", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nvia free agency. On July 18, the Rangers traded their leading scorer Derick Brassard and a 2018 seventh-round draft pick in exchange for Mika Zibanejad and a 2018 second-round draft pick, The team also signed Michael Grabner to a two-year deal and the much-anticipated college sensation Jimmy Vesey to a two-year entry-level contract. The Rangers finished the 2016–17 season in fourth place in the Metropolitan Division with 102 points. In the first round of the playoffs, they won their series with the Montreal Canadiens in six games. In the second game of their second round series with the Ottawa Senators,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "899685", "chunk_text": "\"Barry Trotz\"\n2013, Lindy Ruff was fired by the Buffalo Sabres, making Trotz the longest-tenured head coach in the NHL. He was also the second-longest tenured coach in the four major North American professional leagues, behind only Gregg Popovich of the National Basketball Association's San Antonio Spurs. On April 14, 2014, the Predators announced Trotz would not return for his 16th season as head coach. On May 26, 2014, Trotz was announced as the new head coach of the Capitals. On June 7, 2018, Trotz won his first Stanley Cup as the head coach, with the Capitals defeating the Vegas Golden Knights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11031381", "chunk_text": "\"2017–18 New York Rangers season\"\n2017–18 New York Rangers season The 2017–18 New York Rangers season was the franchise's 91st season of play and their 92nd season overall. This season saw the Rangers struggle with inconsistency for much of the season, with the team going 4–7–2 in October. Despite going 9–3–0 in November, the team's struggles would be amplified in later months with injuries to Mika Zibanejad, Chris Kreider and Kevin Shattenkirk, the latter of whom had season-ending knee surgery. After winning the 2018 Winter Classic over the Buffalo Sabres, the team would go 6–16–2 up to the trade deadline. On February 8, the Rangers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "542181", "chunk_text": "\"New York Rangers\"\nthe conference finals, they faced the New Jersey Devils, a major divisional rival. After leading the series 2-1, the Rangers lost 3 games in a row, losing Game 6 in New Jersey with a goal by Devils forward Adam Henrique at 1:03 in overtime, giving the Devils a 4–2 series win and ending the Rangers' season. On July 23, 2012 the Rangers traded Brandon Dubinsky, Artem Anisimov, Tim Erixon and a 2013 first-round draft pick to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for All-Star Rick Nash, Steven Delisle, and a 2013 conditional third-round pick. At the 2013 NHL trade deadline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3265	when did starbucks become a publicly traded company?	n/a	[ "June 1992", "1992" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828038", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nMidwest, and annually Starbucks was roasting over of coffee. At the time of its initial public offering (IPO) on the stock market in June 1992, Starbucks had 140 outlets, with a revenue of US$73.5 million, up from US$1.3 million in 1987. The company's market value was US$271 million by this time. The 12% portion of the company that was sold raised around US$25 million for the company, which facilitated a doubling of the number of stores over the next two years. By September 1992, Starbucks' share price had risen by 70% to over 100 times the earnings per share of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16123045", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\non April 3, 2017, and Howard Schultz retired to become Chairman Emeritus effective June 26, 2018. In 2018, Starbucks expanded its partnership with Uber Eats to bring its beverages to US customers' doorsteps, as it had already done for some time in China. The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 31, 1971, by three partners who met while they were students at the University of San Francisco: English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker were inspired to sell high-quality coffee beans and equipment by coffee roasting entrepreneur Alfred Peet after he taught them", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16123042", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nStarbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of 2018, the company operates 28,218 locations worldwide. Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"\"second wave coffee\"\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee. Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons. Starbucks locations serve hot and cold drinks, whole-bean coffee, microground", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16123065", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\ntheir technology team. In April 2017, Schultz became executive chairman of Starbucks with Johnson becoming President and CEO. Starbucks maintains control of production processes by communicating with farmers to secure beans, roasting its own beans, and managing distribution to all retail locations. Additionally, Starbucks' Coffee and Farmer Equity Practices require suppliers to inform Starbucks what portion of wholesale prices paid reaches farmers. In 1994, Starbucks bought The Coffee Connection, gaining the rights to use, make, market, and sell the \"\"Frappuccino\"\" beverage. The beverage was introduced under the Starbucks name in 1995 and as of 2012, Starbucks had annual Frappuccinos sales", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938238", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nwere made to date. As of 2018, Starbucks is ranked 132nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue. The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo, Japan, in 1996. On December 4, 1997, the Philippines became the third market to open outside North America with its first branch in the country located at 6750 Ayala Building in Makati City, Philippines. Starbucks entered the U.K. market in 1998 with the $83 million USD acquisition of the then 56-outlet, UK-based Seattle Coffee Company, re-branding all the stores as Starbucks. In September 2002, Starbucks opened", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938331", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nVideo of the week on the Food Consumer website. Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain. Starbucks was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1971. As of 2018, the company operates 28,218 locations worldwide. Starbucks is considered the main representative of \"\"second wave coffee\"\", initially distinguishing itself from other coffee-serving venues in the US by taste, quality, and customer experience while popularizing darkly roasted coffee. Since the 2000s, third wave coffee makers have targeted quality-minded coffee drinkers with hand-made coffee based on lighter roasts, while Starbucks nowadays uses automated espresso machines for efficiency and safety reasons. Starbucks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16123047", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nseemed to make sense.\"\" The first Starbucks store was located in Seattle at 2000 Western Avenue from 1971–1976. This cafe was later moved to 1912 Pike Place; never to be relocated again. During this time, the company only sold roasted whole coffee beans and did not yet brew coffee to sell. The only brewed coffee served in the store were free samples. During their first year of operation, they purchased green coffee beans from Peet's, then began buying directly from growers. In 1984, the original owners of Starbucks, led by Jerry Baldwin, purchased Peet's. During the 1980s, total sales of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16123044", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nSeattle in the early 1980s. Despite an initial economic downturn with its expansion into the Midwest and British Columbia in the late 1980s, the company experienced revitalized prosperity with its entry into California in the early 1990s. The first Starbucks location outside North America opened in Tokyo in 1996; overseas properties now constitute almost one-third of its stores. The company opened an average of two new locations daily between 1987 and 2007. On December 1, 2016, Howard Schultz announced he would resign as CEO effective April 2017 and would be replaced by Kevin Johnson. Johnson assumed the role of CEO", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828037", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\ncoffee in the US were falling, but sales of specialty coffee increased, forming 10% of the market in 1989, compared with 3% in 1983. By 1986, the company operated six stores in Seattle and had only just begun to sell espresso coffee. In 1987, the original owners sold the Starbucks chain to former manager Howard Schultz, who rebranded his Il Giornale coffee outlets as Starbucks and quickly began to expand. In the same year, Starbucks opened its first locations outside Seattle at Waterfront Station in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Chicago, Illinois. By 1989, 46 stores existed across the Northwest and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017852", "chunk_text": "\"Howard Schultz\"\nthe background to portray an Italian experience. Two years later, the original Starbucks management decided to focus on Peet's Coffee & Tea and sold its Starbucks retail unit to Schultz and Il Giornale for US$3.8 million. Schultz renamed Il Giornale with the Starbucks name, and aggressively expanded its reach across the United States. Schultz's keen insight in real estate and his hard-line focus on growth drove him to expand the company rapidly. Schultz did not believe in franchising, and made a point of having Starbucks retain ownership of every domestic outlet. On 26 June 1992, Starbucks had its initial public", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10597238", "chunk_text": "\"Peet's Coffee\"\nSchultz, Starbucks' new owner, entered into a four-year non-compete agreement in the Bay Area. In 2001, the company was incorporated as Peet's Coffee and Tea Company and had its initial public offering. The company was listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol PEET, and 3.3 million shares were sold at $8 a share. Shares climbed to $9.38 and the company raised $26.4 million. Peet's opened a roasting plant in Alameda in 2007. This new location replaced the former operations in Emeryville, California, and is the nation's first LEED Gold Certified roastery. In 2012, Peet's was taken private when it was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18244380", "chunk_text": "\"Original Starbucks\"\nOriginal Starbucks The Pike Place Starbucks store, commonly called the Original Starbucks, is the first Starbucks store, established in 1971 at Pike Place Market in downtown Seattle, Washington, United States. The store has kept its early appearance over time and is subject to design guidelines due to its historic significance. The store is considered a tourist attraction and often hosts a crowd. While commonly referred to as the first Starbucks location, the current address is the second for the Pike Place store. The first Starbucks cafe was located at 2000 Western Avenue from 1971–1976. This cafe later moved to 1912", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1017853", "chunk_text": "\"Howard Schultz\"\noffering and trading of its common stock under the stock ticker NASDAQ-NMS: SBUX. The offering was done by Alex, Brown & Sons Inc. and Wertheim Schroder & Co. Inc. On June 1, 2000, Schultz stepped down as CEO of Starbucks, moving to the new position of chief global strategist to help the company expand internationally. Privately, the previous 18 years of intensive work to grow the company had exhausted him. On January 8, 2008 Schultz returned as CEO of Starbucks after an eight-year hiatus. Although the company was growing, that growth was largely dependent on opening new stores, while same-store", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938284", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nJuly 2012, the company announced that they may begin closing unprofitable European stores immediately. In 2009, at least three stores in Seattle were de-branded to remove the logo and brand name, and remodel the stores as local coffee houses \"\"inspired by Starbucks.\"\" CEO Howard Schultz says the unbranded stores are a \"\"laboratory for Starbucks\"\". The first, 15th Avenue Coffee and Tea, opened in July 2009 on Capitol Hill. It served wine and beer and hosted live music and poetry readings. It has since been remodeled and reopened as a Starbucks-branded store. Another is Roy Street Coffee and Tea at 700", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6730318", "chunk_text": "Coffee\nin Greenwich Village and elsewhere. The first Peet's Coffee & Tea store opened in 1966 in Berkeley, California by Dutch native Alfred Peet. He chose to focus on roasting batches with fresher, higher quality seeds than was the norm at the time. He was a trainer and supplier to the founders of Starbuck's. The American coffeehouse chain Starbucks, which began as a modest business roasting and selling coffee beans in 1971, was founded by three college students, Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker, and Zev Siegl. The first store opened on March 30, 1971 at the Pike Place Market in Seattle, followed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12953012", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Baldwin\"\nJerry Baldwin Gerald \"\"Jerry\"\" Baldwin is an American businessman, who along with Gordon Bowker and Zev Siegl founded Starbucks in Seattle in 1971. Jerry Baldwin learned the coffee trade from Alfred Peet, whose store Peet's Coffee & Tea was the inspiration for Starbucks. Starbucks purchased roasted coffee beans from Peet's during its first year of operation. In 1984 Peet's was put up for sale; Baldwin led a group of investors that purchased the company. In 1987 he sold his interests in Starbucks. Baldwin was Chairman of Peet's until 2001 when Peet's became a publicly traded company; he now holds the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938239", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nits first store in Latin America, at Mexico City. Currently, there are over 500 locations in Mexico and there are plans for the opening of up to 850 by 2018. In 1999, Starbucks experimented with eateries in the San Francisco Bay area through a restaurant chain called Circadia. These restaurants were soon \"\"outed\"\" as Starbucks establishments and converted to Starbucks cafes. In October 2002, Starbucks established a coffee trading company in Lausanne, Switzerland to handle purchases of green coffee. All other coffee-related business continued to be managed from Seattle. In April 2003, Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattle's Best Coffee", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19604493", "chunk_text": "\"Original Starbucks\"\nPike Place, its present location. Original Starbucks The Pike Place Starbucks store, commonly called the Original Starbucks, is the first Starbucks store, established in 1971 at Pike Place Market in downtown Seattle, Washington, United States. The store has kept its early appearance over time and is subject to design guidelines due to its historic significance. The store is considered a tourist attraction and often hosts a crowd. While commonly referred to as the first Starbucks location, the current address is the second for the Pike Place store. The first Starbucks cafe was located at 2000 Western Avenue from 1971–1976. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11308248", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Starbucks\"\ndrive out small, independent competitors, who could not afford to pay inflated prices for premium real estate. While relations with independent coffeehouse chains have been strained, some owners have credited Starbucks with educating customers on coffee. Starbucks workers in seven stores have joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) as the Starbucks Workers Union since 2004. According to a Starbucks Union press release, since then, the union membership has begun expanding to Chicago and Maryland in addition to New York City, where the movement originated. On March 7, 2006, the IWW and Starbucks agreed to a National Labor Relations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11123272", "chunk_text": "\"Stealth Starbucks\"\nand brand name, and remodel the stores as local coffee houses \"\"inspired by Starbucks.\"\" CEO Howard Schultz says the unbranded stores are a \"\"laboratory for Starbucks\"\". The first, 15th Avenue Coffee and Tea, opened in July 2009 on Capitol Hill. It served wine and beer, and hosted live music and poetry readings. It was remodeled and reopened as a Starbucks-branded store in 2011, and later closed in 2017. Another, Roy Street Coffee and Tea at 700 Broadway E., also on Capitol Hill opened in November as a \"\"Tudor-style coffeehouse\"\". Although the stores have been called \"\"stealth Starbucks\"\" and criticized as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828093", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\ncropped slightly, and the primary color was changed from brown to green, a nod to the Alma Mater of the three founders, the University of San Francisco. In the third version, used between 1992 and 2011, her navel and breasts are not visible at all, and only vestiges remain of the fish tails. The original \"\"woodcut\"\" logo has been moved to the Starbucks' Headquarters in Seattle. At the beginning of September 2006 and then again in early 2008, Starbucks temporarily reintroduced its original brown logo on paper hot-drink cups. Starbucks has stated that this was done to show the company's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16325103", "chunk_text": "\"Pike Place Market\"\nbrand, which traces its history back to Stewart Brothers' Coffee, which arrived in the Market several months before Starbucks was founded. On March 8, 2011, the store was the site of a NASDAQ opening bell ringing as Starbucks (which trades on the market as SBUX) kicked off its 40th anniversary. After more than 30 years in the Market, the herbal apothecary Tenzing Momo has become an institution both for obtaining herbs and advice on their use. Founded in 1977, the name (which is Tibetan) means \"\"divine dumpling\"\". Nearby, Market Spice (founded 1911) sells slightly less exotic herbal substances. The Market", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9922408", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nStarbucks wanted to terminate the agreement because at the time, single coffee packs were beginning to become popular. In their agreement, Starbucks was confined to selling packs that only worked in Kraft's Tassimo machines. Starbucks didn't want to fall behind in the market opportunities for k cups. In mid-November 2013, an arbitrator ordered Starbucks to pay a fine of US$2.8 billion to Kraft spin-off Mondelez International for its premature unilateral termination of the agreement. In June 2014, Starbucks announced a new partnership with Arizona State University (ASU) that would allow Starbucks employees in their Junior and Senior years of college", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12047249", "chunk_text": "\"Starbucks Workers Union\"\nStarbucks Workers Union The Starbucks Workers Union is a union formed by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) to organize retail employees of Starbucks. The union has members at Starbucks locations in New York City; Chicago; Grand Rapids, Michigan; Cincinnati; Quebec City; Bloomington, Minnesota, and Omaha, Nebraska. On May 17, 2004, Starbucks's workers at the 36th and Madison store in midtown Manhattan organized the first Starbucks barista union in the United States. The union drive had its origins in barista's complaints that a starting wage of $7.75 an hour was not a living wage in New York City and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17594514", "chunk_text": "\"Starbucks Center\"\nStarbucks Center The Starbucks Center (formerly the SODO Center) is the world headquarters for coffeehouse chain Starbucks, and the largest multi-tenant building by floor space in Seattle, with over . It is located in Seattle's SoDo neighborhood, which makes up a part of the city's large industrial district. It is both the largest and oldest building in the country to earn a national green certification. In 1912, the building was constructed by the Union Pacific Railroad in a successful attempt to lure Sears, Roebuck and Co. to Seattle. The building was used to fulfill the Sears Catalog in the Western", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828061", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nbusiness in 1999 when it acquired the Tazo brand for . In late 2012, Starbucks paid US$620 million to buy Teavana. , there is no intention of marketing Starbucks' products in Teavana stores, though the acquisition will allow the expansion of Teavana beyond its current main footprint in shopping malls. In January 2015, Starbucks began to roll out Teavana teas into Starbucks stores, both in to-go beverage and retail formats. Kevin Knox, who was in charge of doughnuts quality at Starbucks from 1987 to 1993, recalled on his blog in 2010 how George Howell, coffee veteran and founder of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3664670", "chunk_text": "Teavana\nbusiness. Their idea was inspired after a road trip, noticing the gravitation of Americans towards fine wines and coffees in the United States. In late 2012, Starbucks stated it would pay $620 million in cash to buy the company. Three class-action lawsuits were commenced by shareholders of Teavana concerning the Starbucks buyout; these were settled on December 14, 2012 (subject to court approval). The acquisition of Teavana by Starbucks was formally closed on December 31, 2012. On July 27, 2017, Starbucks announced it would close all 379 Teavana stores by 2018, partly due to underperformance. However, in 2017, Simon Malls", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938281", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nStarbucks, along with its partner Delek Group of Israel, closed all six of its locations in Israel, citing \"\"on-going operational challenges\"\" and a \"\"difficult business environment.\"\" The Starbucks location in the former imperial palace in Beijing closed in July 2007. The coffee shop had been a source of ongoing controversy since its opening in 2000 with protesters objecting that the presence of the American chain in this location \"\"was trampling on Chinese culture.\"\" In July 2008, the company announced it was closing 600 underperforming company-owned stores and cutting U.S. expansion plans amid growing economic uncertainty. On July 29, 2008, Starbucks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9922421", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\n2008, Starbucks was ranked No.15 on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's list of Top 25 Green Power Partners for purchases of renewable energy. In October 2008, \"\"The Sun\"\" newspaper reported that Starbucks was wasting 23.4 million liters (6.2 million US gal) of water a day by leaving a tap constantly running for rinsing utensils in a 'dipper well' in each of its stores, but this is often required by governmental public health code. In June 2009, in response to concerns over its excessive water consumption, Starbucks re-evaluated its use of the dipper well system. In September 2009, company-operated Starbucks stores", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20347440", "chunk_text": "\"US Foods\"\nform PYA/Monarch. Sysco was established in 1970 by combining five independent wholesale grocery companies. Sysco went public in 1970 with $115 million in annual sales and shares were traded on the NYSE. Continental Coffee Company established in 1915 by the Cohn family (CFS Continental) went public in 1970. S.E. Rykoff & Co. was generating $1.9 million in profits with revenue of $75.9 million and went public in 1972. In 1973, Continental Coffee Company changed their name to CFS Continental, Inc. to reflect the growing importance of foodservice to their traditional coffee business. By the end of 1979, Sysco of Houston,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828060", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\n2013, Starbucks began to post calorie counts on menus for drinks and pastries in all of their U.S. stores. In 2014, Starbucks began producing their own line of \"\"handcrafted\"\" sodas, dubbed \"\"Fizzio\"\". In 2015, Starbucks began serving coconut milk as an alternative to dairy and soy. In March 2017, Starbucks announced to launch limited-edition of two new specialty drinks made from beans aged in whiskey barrels at its Seattle roastery. Starbucks' barrel-aged coffee will be sold with a small batch of unroasted Starbucks Reserve Sulawesi beans, which are then hand-scooped into whiskey barrels from Washington D.C. Starbucks entered the tea", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938293", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nheritage from the Pacific Northwest and to celebrate 35 years of business. The vintage logo sparked some controversy due in part to the siren's bare breasts, but the temporary switch garnered little attention from the media. Starbucks had drawn similar criticism when they reintroduced the vintage logo in 2006. The logo was altered when Starbucks entered the Saudi Arabian market in 2000 to remove the siren, leaving only her crown, as reported in a Pulitzer Prize-winning column by Colbert I. King in \"\"The Washington Post\"\" in 2002. The company announced three months later that it would be using the international", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6292618", "chunk_text": "Haggen\nMarkets, Albertsons, and Safeway saturated the metropolitan area. Haggen became the first grocery store in US with an in-store Starbucks coffee store in 1989. In 1995, they expanded to Portland, Oregon opening stores under the Haggen moniker. In 2008 a joint investigation between the DEA, IRS, FDA and Edmonds police department uncovered a drug diversion scheme at the Edmonds pharmacy location. Ultimately, Haggen paid $425,000 in fines. After two decades of aggressive expansion and innovation the company began to transition after the passing of Dorothy Haggen in October 2008 and the appointment of CEO Jim Donald, former CEO of Starbucks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16123068", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nthe instant and fresh brewed coffee. Analysts speculated that by introducing instant coffee, Starbucks would devalue its own brand. Starbucks began selling beer and wine at some US stores in 2010. , it is available at seven locations and others have applied for licenses. In 2011, Starbucks introduced its largest cup size, the Trenta, which can hold . In September 2012, Starbucks announced the Verismo, a consumer-grade single-serve coffee machine that uses sealed plastic cups of coffee grounds, and a \"\"milk pod\"\" for lattes. On November 10, 2011, Starbucks Corporation announced that it had bought juice company Evolution Fresh for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11308269", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Starbucks\"\nyou can get a higher return than the 38 percent you got last year, it's a free country. You can sell your shares of Starbucks and buy shares in another company. Thank you very much.\"\" In addition, 640,000 people also signed a petition thanking Starbucks for its support. (As of June 26, 2015, same-sex marriage in the United States is legal in all states following the Supreme Court ruling in \"\"Obergefell v. Hodges\"\".) In October 2012, Starbucks faced criticism after a Reuters investigation found that the company reportedly paid only £8.6 million in corporation tax in the UK over 14", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6151112", "chunk_text": "\"The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf\"\nThe Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf (sometimes shortened to simply \"\"Coffee Bean\"\" or \"\"The Coffee Bean\"\") is an American coffee chain founded in 1963. It is owned and operated by International Coffee & Tea, LLC, which has its corporate headquarters in Los Angeles, California. As of 2017, the chain has over 1,000 self-owned and franchised stores in the United States and 31 other countries. The company was founded by Herbert Hyman in September 1963, as a coffee service for offices. He and his wife Mona, whom he married in 1966, honeymooned in Sweden, where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9922414", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nthat sounded phonetically similar to the Chinese for Starbucks. Starbucks did not open any stores after first registering its trademark in Russia in 1997 and in 2002 a Russian lawyer successfully filed a request to cancel the trademark. He then registered the name with a Moscow company and asked for $600,000 to sell the trademark to Starbucks, but was ruled against in November 2005. In 2003, Starbucks sent a cease-and-desist letter to \"\"HaidaBucks Coffee House\"\" in Masset, British Columbia, Canada. The store was owned by a group of young Haida men, who claimed that the name was a coincidence, due", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938246", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nconsidering the use of blockchain technology with an idea to connect coffee drinkers with coffee farmers who eventually can take advantage of new financial opportunities. The pilot program is going to start with farmers in Costa Rica, Colombia and Rwanda in order to develop a new way to track the bean to cup journey. On June 19, 2018, Starbucks announced the closing of 150 locations in 2019, this is three times the number the corporation typically closes in a single year. The closings will happen in urban areas that already have dense clusters of stores. Starbucks' chairman, Howard Schultz, has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17245546", "chunk_text": "Frappuccino\nis a thick milkshake with ice cream, derived from the French word \"\"frappé\"\". The original \"\"Frappuccino\"\" drink was developed, named, trademarked and sold by George Howell's Eastern Massachusetts coffee shop chain, The Coffee Connection and created by then employee, Andrew Frank. When Starbucks purchased The Coffee Connection in 1994, they also gained the rights to use, make, market, and sell the Frappuccino drink. The drink, with a different recipe, was introduced under the Starbucks name in 1995 and as of 2012, Starbucks had annual Frappuccino sales of over $2 billion. The recipe is derived from a fusion of various cold", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16123066", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nof over $2 billion. The company began a \"\"skinny\"\" line of drinks in 2008, offering lower-calorie and sugar-free versions of the company's offered drinks that use skim milk, and can be sweetened by a choice of \"\"natural\"\" sweeteners (such as raw sugar, agave syrup, or honey), artificial sweeteners (such as Sweet'N Low, Splenda, Equal), or one of the company's sugar-free syrup flavors. Starbucks stopped using milk originating from rBGH-treated cows in 2007. In June 2009, the company announced that it would be overhauling its menu and selling salads and baked goods without high fructose corn syrup or artificial ingredients. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938242", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nwebsite is powered by Salesforce.com software. In May 2008, a loyalty program was introduced for registered users of the Starbucks Card (previously simply a gift card) offering perks such as free Wi-Fi Internet access, no charge for soy milk and flavored syrups, and free refills on brewed drip coffee, iced coffee, or tea. In 2009, Starbucks began beta testing its mobile app for the Starbucks card, a stored value system in which consumers access pre-paid funds to purchase products at Starbucks. Starbucks released its complete mobile platform on January 11, 2011. On November 14, 2012, Starbucks announced the purchase of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11308267", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Starbucks\"\nand also proposed a \"\"Brew not Bullets\"\" boycott of the chain until the policy is changed, with Valentine's Day selected as a particular day to boycott the chain. In response, gun rights advocates started a counter \"\"Starbucks Appreciation Day\"\" buycott to support Starbucks' stance, and suggested paying for products using two-dollar bills as a sign of Second Amendment support. On July 29, 2013, Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America, initiated a petition demanding a ban on guns in Starbucks stores. On September 17, 2013, founder and CEO Howard Schultz asked customers to no longer bring guns into its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20597554", "chunk_text": "\"Public company\"\nand more profitable or had promising prospects. More infrequently, some companies — such as investment banking firm Goldman Sachs and logistics services provider United Parcel Service (UPS) — chose to remain privately held for a long period of time after maturity into a profitable company. However, from 1997 to 2012, the number of corporations publicly traded on American stock exchanges dropped 44%. According to one observer (Gerald F. Davis), \"\"public corporations have become less concentrated, less integrated, less interconnected at the top, shorter lived, less remunerative for average investors, and less prevalent since the turn of the 21st century\"\". Davis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8874672", "chunk_text": "Coffee\nby a second and third over the next two years. Entrepreneur Howard Schultz joined the company in 1982 as Director of Retail Operations and Marketing, and pushed to sell premade espresso coffee. The others were reluctant, but Schultz opened Il Giornale in Seattle in April 1986. He bought the other owners out in March 1987 and pushed on with plans to expand—from 1987 to the end of 1991, the chain (rebranded from Il Giornale to Starbucks) expanded to over 100 outlets. The company has 25,000 stores in over 75 countries worldwide. South Korea experienced almost 900 percent growth in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4552121", "chunk_text": "\"Tata Starbucks\"\nexclusively from India, became the first Indian coffee to be roasted and sold at Starbucks home city of Seattle in 2016. The coffee was later rolled out across Starbucks outlets in the United States. In the same year, Starbucks began selling Himalayan bottled mineral water at its outlets in Singapore and also began retailing its products on board all flights of Vistara, a joint venture between the Tata Group and Singapore Airlines. Tata Starbucks TATA Starbucks Private Limited, formerly known as Tata Starbucks Limited, is a 50:50 joint venture company, owned by Tata Global Beverages and Starbucks Corporation, that owns", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1938245", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\nintroduced Qi inductive charging pads at select locations in Germany. In September 2016, Starbucks announced a debut of its first-ever original content series called \"\"Upstanders\"\" which aims to inspire Americans with stories of compassion, citizenship, and civility. The series features podcasts, written word, and video, and will be distributed via the Starbucks mobile app, online, and through the company's in-store digital network. On July 27, 2017, Starbucks acquired the remaining 50% stake in their Chinese venture from long-term joint venture partners Uni-President Enterprises Corporation (UPEC) and President Chain Store Corporation (PCSC). On March 21, 2018, Starbucks announced that it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6828119", "chunk_text": "Starbucks\napproximately 136,000 tons (300 million pounds) of coffee Starbucks purchased in 2006, about 18 million pounds or 6% was certified as fair trade. According to Starbucks, they purchased 2,180 metric tons (4.8 million pounds) of Certified Fair Trade coffee in fiscal year 2004 and 5,220 metric tons (11.5 million pounds) in 2005. they were the largest buyer of Certified Fair Trade coffee in North America (10% of the global market). Transfair USA. All espresso roast sold in the UK and Ireland is Fairtrade. Questions have been raised regarding the legitimacy of the Fair Trade designation. Groups such as Global Exchange", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11408819", "chunk_text": "\"Starbucks collectibles\"\nStarbucks collectibles Starbucks Collectibles are products manufactured by Starbucks Corporation and include Starbucks' cards, Starbucks' mugs, Starbucks' posters, and almost anything and everything manufactured or printed by Starbucks Corporation. The Starbucks Collectibles secondary market has existed since the inception of Starbucks and the Starbucks card collectible trading market has existed since the first Starbucks card was manufactured in 2001. In the month of May 2013, there were between 26,000 and 37,000 Starbucks' item auctions on eBay every day. In the summer of 2013, auctions for Starbucks rose to over 40,000 auctions daily. In the summer of 2017, this number rose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20291426", "chunk_text": "\"Kevin Johnson (executive)\"\npolice were called. Six officers arrived and the two were led away in handcuffs. Kevin Johnson (executive) Kevin R. Johnson (born October 9, 1960) is an American businessman. He is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Starbucks Corporation and was previously the CEO and a member of the board of directors of Juniper Networks in Sunnyvale, California, from September 2008 to January 2014. Johnson became the CEO of Starbucks on April 3, 2017. In 1981, Johnson earned his bachelor's degree in business administration from New Mexico State University. Upon graduation, he began his career as an engineer at IBM. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15079942", "chunk_text": "\"Criticism of Starbucks\"\nunions. In 2005, Starbucks paid out US$165,000 to eight employees at its Kent, Washington, roasting plant to settle charges that they had been retaliated against for being pro-union. At the time, the plant workers were represented by the International Union of Operating Engineers. Starbucks admitted no wrongdoing in the settlement. A Starbucks strike occurred in Auckland, New Zealand, on November 23, 2005. Organized by Unite Union, workers sought secure hours, a minimum wage of NZ$12 an hour, and the abolition of youth rates. The company settled with the Union in 2006, resulting in pay increases, increased security of hours, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3266	what side does us army go on acu?	n/a	[ "the right" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540590", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nare sewn to each shoulder to help identify friendly personnel when night vision devices are used, and are protected by Velcro tabs in garrison or when not in use. Three U.S. flag insignia are authorized for wear with the ACU: full-color, full-color IR, and subdued IR. The U.S. flag insignia (full-color or subdued) is worn on the right shoulder pocket flap of the ACU coat. The subdued version is only worn as directed under tactical or field conditions. On the right shoulder of the ACU, the U.S. flag is depicted with the union (stars) to the viewer's right, instead of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11110020", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nArmy Combat Uniform The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) and its flame-retardant variant, the Flame-Resistant Army Combat Uniform (FRACU), are the current battle uniforms worn by the United States Army. The uniform is also used by the U.S. Air Force, where it is known as the Airman Combat Uniform, and by some civilian employees of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). First unveiled in June 2004, it is the successor to the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) and Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) worn from the 1980s and 1990s through the early 2000s, respectively. The ACU and its component materials are manufactured by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3720747", "chunk_text": "\"Uniforms of the United States Army\"\n(UCP), which was designed for use in woodland, desert, and urban environments. The ACU jacket uses hook-and-loop-backed attachments to secure items such as name tapes, rank insignia, and shoulder patches and tabs, as well as recognition devices such as the U.S. flag patch and the infrared (IR) tab. Two U.S. flag insignia are authorized for wear with the ACU: full-color and subdued IR. The U.S. flag insignia is worn on the right shoulder pocket flap of the ACU coat. Unit patches are worn on the left shoulder, while combat patches are worn on the right. In July 2011, coinciding with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13174908", "chunk_text": "\"Asymmetric Warfare Group\"\nAsymmetric Warfare Group The Asymmetric Warfare Group is a United States Army unit created during the War on Terrorism to mitigate various threats with regard to asymmetric warfare. The unit is headquartered at Fort Meade, Maryland and has a training facility at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. The unit provides the linkage between Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and the operational Army, and reports directly to the commanding general of TRADOC. It is composed of senior active duty Soldiers, D.A. civilians, and contractors who are seasoned war fighters and functional area experts that are prepared to deploy globally. The Asymmetric Warfare", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540599", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nfor cold weather. As with the T-shirt, coyote brown boots are authorized with OCP and will become the sole boot authorized following the completion of the transition in 2019. Army Combat Uniform The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) and its flame-retardant variant, the Flame-Resistant Army Combat Uniform (FRACU), are the current battle uniforms worn by the United States Army. The uniform is also used by the U.S. Air Force, where it is known as the Airman Combat Uniform, and by some civilian employees of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). First unveiled in June 2004, it is the successor to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5638669", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nuniform. The Army Greens are projected to be first fielded in summer of 2020. The U.S. Army's black beret is no longer worn with the ACU for garrison duty, having been permanently replaced with the patrol cap. After years of complaints that it was not suited well for most work conditions, Army Chief of Staff General Martin Dempsey eliminated it for wear with the ACU in June 2011. Soldiers still wear berets who are currently in a unit in jump status, whether the wearer is parachute-qualified or not (maroon beret), while members of Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) wear brown", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9377308", "chunk_text": "\"All-purpose Lightweight Individual Carrying Equipment\"\nby MOLLE II which, unlike MOLLE I, is strictly for the Army's Army Combat Uniform (ACU) instead of the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) and Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU). The Navy and USAF use ALICE gear for ground personnel as well, although the USAF is phasing out ALICE in favor of MOLLE. The Marine Corps still issues the medium ALICE pack for some radio operators. Both it and the large variant can still be found with NROTC units (who train Marine officers in addition to Navy officers). Active-duty training units (Recruit Training, School of Infantry, Officer Candidates School, The Basic School)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12392051", "chunk_text": "\"Opposing force\"\nOpposing force An opposing force (abbreviated OPFOR or enemy force) is a military unit tasked with representing an enemy, usually for training purposes in war game scenarios. The related concept of aggressor squadron is used by some air forces. The United States maintains the Fort Irwin National Training Center with the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment serving in the main OPFOR role. Other major units include the First United States Army which consists of 16 training brigades that often also serve as OPFOR. Fort Polk's Joint Readiness Training Center is another major training site typically reserved for units that are slated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15711104", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nand DCU with the ACU was to begin in April 2005. However, the fielding process began two months earlier through the Rapid Fielding Initiative. Soldiers from the 48th Infantry Brigade Combat Team were the first U.S. Army unit to receive the ACU, subsequently deploying the entire Brigade into OIF combat in May 2005. Initial reception of the ACU was mixed, with complaints of insufficient durability and excessive maintenance. The ACU originally used the Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP), which used a pixelated pattern of tan, gray and green (Desert Sand 500, Urban Gray 501 and Foliage Green 502) and was intended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540589", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nthe left sleeve pocket flap, and are subject to a 3-tab-only rule. A tab that is an integral part of a unit patch, such as the \"\"Mountain\"\" or \"\"Airborne\"\" tab, is not counted against the rule. The U.S. Army Chaplain insignia is the only authorized army branch insignia to be worn on the ACU. It is centered 1/8 inch above the right name tape. The insignia may be the metal pin-on variety or the black embroidered insignia on digitized fabric with Velcro fasteners. Near Infrared (NIR) Signature Management Technology is incorporated to minimize the infrared silhouette. Permanent IR IFF squares", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5638668", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\naircraft which cannot operate from forward positions). For UAVs, the Army is deploying at least one company of drone MQ-1C Gray Eagles to each Active Army division. The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) currently features a camouflage pattern known as Operational Camouflage Pattern (OCP). This replaced a pixelated pattern known as Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP) that proved to be ineffective in many environments. On 11 November 2018, the Army announced a new version of 'Army Greens' based on uniforms worn during World War II will become the standard garrison service uniform. The blue Army Service Uniform will remain as the dress", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7696229", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nis \"\"to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained, land dominance, across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders\"\". The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States. The United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U.S. Armed Forces. Section 3062 of Title 10, U.S. Code defines the purpose of the army as: In 2018, the \"\"Army Strategy 2018\"\" articulated an eight-point addendum to the Army Vision for 2028. While the Army Mission remains constant,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3692178", "chunk_text": "\"Shoulder sleeve insignia\"\nexception, the U.S. 1st Infantry Division wore full-color SSI on their BDUs and ACUs for a time, before that too was replaced with a subdued version. The subdued version of the SSI created for the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) features patches that are primarily olive, dark brown and black, to match the BDU. In general, this version is obsolete because the Army phased out the BDU in the late 2000s in favor of the Army Combat Uniform (ACU). The subdued version created for the Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) is primarily tan and \"\"spice\"\" brown, to match the uniform's design. This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15418218", "chunk_text": "\"Army National Guard\"\nArmy National Guard The Army National Guard (ARNG), in conjunction with the Air National Guard, is a militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States. They are simultaneously part of two different organizations, the Army National Guard of the several states, territories and the District of Columbia (also referred to as the \"\"Militia of the United States\"\"), and the Army National Guard of the United States, part of the National Guard of the United States. The Army National Guard is divided into subordinate units stationed in each of the 50 states, three territories, and the District", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9571663", "chunk_text": "\"Military uniform\"\nconcealment in a variety of surroundings. The US Army now issues, for all theatres of operations, the Army Combat Uniform (ACU), which replaces the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) and the Desert Combat Uniform (DCU). The colour scheme on these ACUs is a faded green/grey/tan pattern of random-appearing rectangular shapes. Pocket outlines on the front of the jackets are offset from vertical, so as to present a less distinctive straight line for the eye to follow while using NVGs. The US Marine Corps also issues similar uniforms with their MARPAT pattern, the U.S. Marines considered adopting CADPAT for their new pattern,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12943030", "chunk_text": "\"America's Army\"\nthe current day U.S. Army. As with previous versions, \"\"America's Army: Proving Grounds\"\" was designed with certain principles and ideals in mind including Army Values, Soldier's Creed, teamwork, training and completing the objective. Gameplay scenarios included Battle Drill Exercises and Forward Line Operations. Battle Drill Exercises (BDX) are fast-paced and meant for small engagements of 6 vs. 6 players. BDX maps focus on the basic movements and maneuvers, allowing players to quickly learn how opposing forces play and adjust their strategy for future engagements. Forward Line Operations (FLO) are larger 12 vs. 12 mission-based exercises allowing players to use the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16048682", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Boot\"\nArmy Combat Boot The Army Combat Boot is the primary issue combat boot of the United States Army, intended for use in conjunction with the Army Combat Uniform. The Army Combat Boot (Temperate Weather) (ACB (TW)) is a tan-colored, temperate weather combat boot with a moisture-resistant, rough-side-out cattlehide leather and nylon duck cloth upper. It contains a waterproof breathable membrane and integrated safety features limited flame resistance, thermal insulation, and liquid fuel penetration protection. The soling system of this boot consists of a shock-absorbing direct attach poly-ether polyurethane midsole, with an abrasion-resistant, slip-resistant rubber outsole. It has a combination eyelet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13595031", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Basic Training\"\nknown as STO or Split-Op) is an enlistment option available for Army National Guard and Army Reserve recruits. This program allows individuals to attend Basic Training during one summer, drill with their respective units once a month on weekends while attending school, and then attend Advance Individual Training after graduation. This enlistment option is popular among high school students who want to enlist right away while still attending school. The United States picks where a Soldier goes to Basic Combat Training based on openings and is not MOS dependent, unless the Soldier selected an MOS that requires OSUT. (Infantry, Military", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5638637", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nand supply soldiers to FORSCOM and to design hardware, as well as to define materiel for AMC). In 2018 Army Futures Command (AFC) was established as a peer of FORSCOM, TRADOC, and Army Materiel Command (AMC), the other Army commands (ACOMs). AFC's cross-functional teams (CFTs) are Futures Command's vehicle for sustainable reform of the acquisition process for the future. The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence, the United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16048683", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Boot\"\nand speed-lace lacing system. The Army Combat Boot (Hot Weather) (ACB (HW)) is a tan-colored, hot weather combat boot made with moisture-resistant, rough-side-out cattlehide leather and nylon duck upper with two drainage eyelets on the inner arch. The soling system of this boot consists of a shock-absorbing direct attach poly-ether polyurethane midsole, with an abrasion-resistant, slip-resistant rubber outsole. It has a combination eyelet and speed-lace lacing system. Army Combat Boot The Army Combat Boot is the primary issue combat boot of the United States Army, intended for use in conjunction with the Army Combat Uniform. The Army Combat Boot (Temperate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2945950", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Futures Command\"\nUnited States Army Futures Command United States Army Futures Command (AFC) is a United States Army command aimed at modernizing the Army. It focuses on six priorities: long-range precision fires, next-generation combat vehicle, future vertical lift platforms, a mobile & expeditionary Army network, air & missile defense capabilities, and soldier lethality. AFC's cross-functional teams (CFTs) are Futures Command's vehicle for sustainable reform of the acquisition process for the future. Futures Command (AFC) was established in 2018 as a peer of FORSCOM, TRADOC, and Army Materiel Command (AMC), the other Army commands (ACOMs). The other ACOMs focus on their readiness to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13593427", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army branch insignia\"\ntank. Branch insignia for Soldiers not affiliated with an infantry, armor, field artillery, air defense artillery, cavalry, special forces, or aviation regiment, generally wear their assigned basic branch insignia; however, as an option, Soldiers who are not affiliated with one of the above regiments, but who are assigned to a color-bearing regiment or separate operational battalion of their branch, may wear their branch insignia with the numerical designation of the battalion or regiment affixed, when approved by the Army command (ACOM) commander, Army service component command commander, or Army direct reporting unit commander. Officers and enlisted personnel assigned to cavalry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10551295", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nsenior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2017, the projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 476,000 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 343,000 soldiers and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) had 199,000 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7079650", "chunk_text": "\"Military Police Corps (United States)\"\nMilitary Police Corps in 1975. As the Women's Auxiliary Corps was disbanded the Military Police stood up to accept and train women alongside their male counerparts. Female MPs have crossed many gender barriers in the United States Armed Forces. Women now make up 25% of the MP Corps. The mixed-gender MP Corps is valued in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, where cultural taboos may prevent male soldiers from interacting with women. In the U.S. Army, a simple patch with the legend \"\"MP\"\" worn on the left arm distinguishes a military-police soldier wearing the new Army Combat Uniform (ACU). This", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10849149", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Nurse Corps\"\nUnited States Army Nurse Corps The United States Army Nurse Corps (AN or ANC) was formally established by the U.S. Congress in 1901. It is one of the six medical special branches (or \"\"corps\"\") of officers which – along with medical enlisted soldiers – comprise the Army Medical Department (AMEDD). The ANC is the nursing service for the U.S. Army and provides highly qualified nursing staff in support of the Department of Defense medical plans. This ANC is composed entirely of registered nurses (RNs). All actions and tasks must lead and work toward promoting the wellness of Warriors and their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5638657", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nweapon. The redesigned Infantry OSUT would start in 2019. Depending on the result of the 2018 pilot, OSUTs could also extend training in other combat arms beyond the infantry. One Station Unit Training will be extended to 22 weeks for Armor by Fiscal Year 2021. The Army combat fitness test (ACFT) is being introduced into the Army, beginning with 60 battalions spread throughout the Army. The test is the same for all soldiers, men or women. It will take an hour to complete, including resting periods. The ACFT supersedes the Army physical fitness test (APFT), as being more relevant to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540598", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nT-shirt is authorized with ACU-OCPs, and will become the sole authorized T-shirt upon completion of the full transition to OCP in 2019. The ACU is worn with tan Army Combat Boots and olive drab cotton socks. Commercial versions of this boot are authorized without limitation, complying with the following regulations—must be 8 to 10 inches in height, be made of tan rough side out cattle hide leather with a plain toe and tan rubber outsoles, and be without zippers, metal cleats, or side tabs. The Mountain Combat Boot is available for difficult terrain, and the Extreme Cold Vapor Barrier Boots", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540587", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nall combatant commands. The UCP pattern is planned to be fully replaced by the OCP on the ACU by 1 October 2019. ACUs printed in OCP first became available for purchase on 1 July 2015, with deployed soldiers already being issued uniforms and equipment in the new pattern. The ACU features hook-and-loop fasteners, also known by the genericized trademark Velcro, on its sleeve pockets. The ACU jacket originally used hook-and-loop-backed attachments to secure items such as name tapes, rank insignia, and shoulder patches and tabs, as well as recognition devices such as the U.S. flag patch and the infrared (IR)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8540596", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nof more Velcro with buttons. To be able to differentiate the FRACU from ACU at a distance, a small square inch tan patch is affixed to the left sleeve cuff on the jacket and the middle of the left cargo pocket flap on the trousers. Typically, the ACU is worn with the Advanced Combat Helmet, a patrol cap, or a boonie hat and/or fleece cap as appropriate in winter months. The patrol cap is a kepi-styled straight-sided, flat-topped soft cap, with a double thick bill and internal pocket. When in garrison, the maroon, tan, brown, and green berets may be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949566", "chunk_text": "\"Army of the United States\"\nthe Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard. In 1948, for a very brief period, a component known as the \"\"Air Forces of the United States\"\" (AFUS) existed to augment Army Air Forces personnel, who held AUS ranks, into the newly created United States Air Force. Army of the United States The Army of the United States is one of the four major service components of the United States Army (the others being the Regular Army, the United States Army Reserve and the National Guard of the United States), but it has been inactive since the suspension of the draft in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5638732", "chunk_text": "\"United States Air Force\"\nAir Forces Central Command AOR, certain Global Strike Command Security Forces, and other Air Force ground combat forces wear the Airman Combat Uniform (ACU) in the Operational Camouflage Pattern. The Air Force will replace the ABU with the OCP uniform, starting on 1 October 2018. In addition to basic uniform clothing, various badges are used by the USAF to indicate a billet assignment or qualification-level for a given assignment. Badges can also be used as merit-based or service-based awards. Over time, various badges have been discontinued and are no longer distributed. All enlisted Airmen attend Basic Military Training (BMT) at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15186213", "chunk_text": "\"Exercise Red Flag\"\nfrom the Air Combat Command (ACC), Air Mobility Command (AMC), Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC), Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE), Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), Air National Guard (ANG), Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC), and Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), aviation units of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Army, the Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force, and Royal Australian Air Force, as well as other allied air forces and fleet air arms. They are led by a Blue Forces commander, who coordinates the units in an \"\"employment plan\"\" scheme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12341499", "chunk_text": "\"Multinational Force and Observers\"\nBattle Dress Uniform, the six-color Desert Battle Dress Uniform which would later be worn during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, then the three-color Desert Combat Uniform—currently the U.S. Army wears the standard Army Combat Uniform (ACUs). Canada, Colombia, France, Hungary, New Zealand and Norway have all developed or adopted their own desert uniform for use in the Sinai and elsewhere. All contingents wear national flags or crests to identify their country of origin. MFO crests are sewn on uniforms to identify the wearer as a member of the force. All military members of the force wear a terracotta-colored beret", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15168366", "chunk_text": "\"Reorganization plan of United States Army\"\nslated to be the Army's fourth Army command (ACOM), joining FORSCOM, Army Materiel Command (AMC), and TRADOC as four-star commands. Austin, Texas is the station for the headquarters of Futures Command. Initial operating capability is slated for 2018. Although the Army has enjoyed overmatch for the past seventy years, more rapid modernization for conflict with near-peers is the reason for AFC, which will be focused on achieving clear overmatch in six areas — long-range precision fires, next-generation combat vehicle, future vertical lift platforms, a mobile & expeditionary Army network, air & missile defense capabilities, and soldier lethality. (\"\"See: Futures\"\") In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17479786", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army enlisted rank insignia\"\nopposed to PV2, the next rank) due to their lack of rank insignia. E-1 Privates were also called a \"\"Fuzzy\"\" or \"\"E-Fuzzy\"\" during the War on Terror era due to the bare velcro patch-holders on the Army Combat Uniform (ACU). United States Army enlisted rank insignia The chart below shows the current enlisted rank insignia of the United States Army, with seniority, and pay grade, increasing from left to right. Enlisted ranks of corporal and higher are considered non-commissioned officers (NCOs). The rank of specialist is a soldier of pay grade E-4 who has not yet attained non-commissioned officer status.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7250969", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Corrections Command\"\ncase because of \"\"the uniqueness of this category of prisoner.\"\" United States Army Corrections Command The United States Army Corrections Command (ACC) exercises command and control and operational oversight for policy, programming, resourcing, and support of Army Corrections System (ACS) facilities and TDA elements worldwide. On order, ACC coordinates the execution of condemned military prisoners. Prior to its establishment in 2007, prisons operated under the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, U.S. Army Forces Command, U.S. Army Europe, and U.S. Forces Korea. On 2 October 2007, the US Army Corrections Command (ACC) was established as a Field Operating Agency (FOA)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7250966", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Corrections Command\"\nUnited States Army Corrections Command The United States Army Corrections Command (ACC) exercises command and control and operational oversight for policy, programming, resourcing, and support of Army Corrections System (ACS) facilities and TDA elements worldwide. On order, ACC coordinates the execution of condemned military prisoners. Prior to its establishment in 2007, prisons operated under the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, U.S. Army Forces Command, U.S. Army Europe, and U.S. Forces Korea. On 2 October 2007, the US Army Corrections Command (ACC) was established as a Field Operating Agency (FOA) under the Operational Control of the United States Army Provost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12949555", "chunk_text": "\"Army of the United States\"\nArmy of the United States The Army of the United States is one of the four major service components of the United States Army (the others being the Regular Army, the United States Army Reserve and the National Guard of the United States), but it has been inactive since the suspension of the draft in 1973 and the U.S. military's transition to a volunteer force. Personnel serving in the United States Army during a major national emergency or armed conflict (either voluntarily or involuntarily) were enlisted into the Army of the United States, without specifying service in a component. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17814156", "chunk_text": "\"Shoulder sleeve insignia\"\nShoulder sleeve insignia A shoulder sleeve insignia (often abbreviated SSI), is an embroidered patch worn on some uniforms of the United States Army. It is used by major formations of the U.S. Army; each formation has a unique formation patch. The U.S. Army is unique among the U.S. Armed Forces in that all soldiers are required to wear the patch of their headquarters as part of their military uniforms. Shoulder sleeve insignia receive their name from the fact that they are most commonly worn on the upper left sleeve of the Army Combat Uniform (ACU); before October 2015 they were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11110021", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nthe existing industrial infrastructure which produced the now-obsolete BDU. Official military-grade ACUs are made of 50% nylon and 50% cotton. All other blends are not official issue. In early 2004, some U.S. Army soldiers in Iraq were issued the \"\"Close Combat Uniform\"\" a variant of the Desert Camouflage Uniform (DCU) that featured new innovations such as shoulder pockets affixed with hook-and-loop \"\"Velcro\"\" fasteners, chest-worn rank insignia, and a new collar. The experimental features used on the CCU were eventually incorporated into the ACU, which was publicly announced in June 2004. The process of replacing the U.S. Army's woodland pattern BDU", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7698010", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\ncomponent soldiers have taken a more active role in U.S. military operations. For example, Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War, peacekeeping in Kosovo, Afghanistan and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Headquarters, United States Department of the Army (HQDA): Source: U.S. Army organization See Structure of the United States Army for detailed treatment of the history, components, administrative and operational structure and the branches and functional areas of the Army. The U.S. Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12909815", "chunk_text": "\"11th Armored Cavalry Regiment\"\n11th Armored Cavalry Regiment The 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment (\"\"Blackhorse Regiment\"\") is a unit of the United States Army garrisoned at Fort Irwin, California. Although termed an armored cavalry regiment, it is being re-organized as a multi-component heavy brigade combat team. The regiment has served in the Philippine–American War, World War II, the Vietnam War, Cold War, Operation Desert Storm, and Operation Iraqi Freedom (Iraq War). The 11th ACR serves as the Opposing Force (OPFOR) for the Army and Marine task forces, and foreign military forces that train at the National Training Center. The OPFOR trained U.S. Army forces in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14220247", "chunk_text": "\"State defense force\"\nclosely matching those of their federal counterparts. SDF units generally wear red name tags on service uniforms (as specifically prescribed by AR 670-1 for SDF units when adopting the Army Service Uniform or Battle Dress Uniform (BDU), and name tapes on Army Combat Uniform (ACU) or BDU uniforms use the state defense force name or state name rather than \"\"U.S. Army.\"\" Standard U.S. Army branch insignia are often used or a unique \"\"state guard\"\" branch insignia consisting of a crossed musket and sword is alternatively used. Where berets are worn, some state defense forces use a beret flash similar to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11110024", "chunk_text": "\"Army Combat Uniform\"\nAirborne Brigade) were issued an Army-developed variant of the Crye Precision \"\"MultiCam\"\" pattern (OCP or OEFCP), which was far more effective in Afghanistan's terrain. These flame-retardant uniforms are designed to prevent third-degree burns, along with up to thirty percent of second degree burns. Additionally, the uniforms are treated with the chemical permethrin to help protect soldiers from insect-borne diseases like malaria. Some U.S. Army soldiers during the latter stages of the Iraq War also wore the ACU in MultiCam; some were seen wearing them as late as December 2011, when the United States withdrew its military forces from the country", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10154057", "chunk_text": "\"First Navy Jack\"\nlocal Army commander. For the NWU and ACU, the patch is typically worn on the opposite sleeve as the U.S. flag. Sailors and naval officers assigned to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) are also authorized to wear the First Navy Jack on their Army Combat Uniform (ACU)/Operation Enduring Freedom Camouflage Pattern (MultiCam) on the right sleeve, below the American flag. Like other snake flags, unsanctioned use of the First Navy Jack has also been used by individuals or individuals in the United States (e.g., external to the U.S. Navy) as a sign of protest or commemoration. For example, opponents", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1751249", "chunk_text": "\"United States Central Command\"\nUnited States Central Command The United States Central Command (USCENTCOM or CENTCOM) is a theater-level Unified Combatant Command of the U.S. Department of Defense. It was established in 1983, taking over the 1980 Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF) responsibilities. The CENTCOM Area of Responsibility (AOR) includes countries in West Asia, parts of North Africa, and Central Asia, most notably Afghanistan and Iraq. CENTCOM has been the main American presence in many military operations, including the Persian Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm, 1991), the War in Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom, 2001–2014), and the Iraq War (Operation Iraqi Freedom, 2003–2011). ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2945969", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army Futures Command\"\n$1 billion (₤800 million) innovation fund launched in 2016. Two hundred troops will engage in \"\"surveillance, long-range, and precision targeting, enhanced mobility and the re-supply of forces, urban warfare and enhanced situational awareness\"\". Russia jammed the GPS signal during NATO exercises in November 2018. \"\"See: meaconing\"\" On July 13, 2018, U.S. Army Secretary Mark Esper said its headquarters would be based in Austin, Texas. AFC spreads across three locations totalling 75,000 square feet; one of the locations in a University of Texas System building at 210 W. Seventh St. in downtown Austin, on the 15th and 19th floors. The UT", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12610432", "chunk_text": "\"Tabs of the United States Army\"\norganization that prescribes wearing the SSI with the tab. The Airborne Tab is a part of the SSI of certain airborne and air assault units. Airborne and air assault forces are military units, usually light infantry, set up to be moved by aircraft and dropped into battle. Thus, they can be placed behind enemy lines and have an ability to deploy almost anywhere with little warning. The tab is worn immediately above and touching the SSI. The tabs are long and wide. The letters are high. The Mountain Tab is a part of the SSI of the 10th Mountain Division.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14328944", "chunk_text": "\"United States Army\"\nUnited States Army The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1] and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001]. As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5835014", "chunk_text": "\"Armed Forces Christian Union\"\nArmed Forces Christian Union The Armed Forces' Christian Union (AFCU) —formerly Officers' Christian Union— is a British military charity (Registered Charity Number 249636) whose beneficiaries are members of the Armed Forces. It is a Christian organization with origins in the mid-19th century Army Prayer Union. As of 2014 the president is Commodore Jamie Hay RN. AFCU is a member of the Association of Military Christian Fellowships and is in contact with military Christian fellowships in 40 other countries. It has a membership of serving military personnel and non-serving people, many of whom are relatives of members of the Armed Forces.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3267	what type of business is chamber of commerce?	n/a	[ "a form of business network" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137191", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nChamber of commerce A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of the business community. Local businesses are members, and they elect a board of directors or executive council to set policy for the chamber. The board or council then hires a President, CEO or Executive Director, plus staffing appropriate to size, to run the organization. The first chamber of commerce was founded in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7468473", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nChambers of Commerce are a source of private sector information. The information is usually gathered by surveying Chamber members. The British Chambers of Commerce Quarterly Economic Survey is an example of a Chambers of Commerce survey that is used by official governmental departments as a guide to the performance of the economy. Chamber of commerce A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137196", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\noperating separately, rather than as a chapter of a national or state chamber. Chambers of commerce in the United States can be considered community, city, regional, state, or nationwide (United States Chamber of Commerce). City Chambers work on the local level to bring the business community together to develop strong local networks, which can result in a business-to-business exchange. In most cases, city Chambers work with their local government, such as their mayor, their city council and local representatives to develop pro-business initiatives. There are also bilateral chambers of commerce that link the business environments of two countries (e.g. Romanian-American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137194", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nin the same manner as the Better Business Bureau in that, while the BBB has the authority to bind its members under a formal operation doctrine (and, thus, can remove them if complaints arise regarding their services), the local chamber membership is either voluntary or required by law. In addition, Chambers represent the interests of businesses, while the BBB represents both the interests of businesses and the general public. Some Chambers are partially funded by local government, others are non-profit, and some are a combination of the two. Chambers of commerce also can include economic development corporations or groups (though", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14653081", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\noften contacted given their local influence and membership numbers. A multilateral chamber is formed of companies (and sometimes individuals) from different countries with a common business interest towards or in a specific country. It can further be active in representing the interests of local and foreign investors in that specific country, achieved through promotion and proactivity regarding the general business environment. Multilateral chambers of commerce are independent entities strengthening business relations and interactions between all economic players, and their members may benefit from a broad range of activities that enhance the visibility and reputation of their business. In many countries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "626351", "chunk_text": "\"International Chamber of Commerce\"\nin all media. Code Chapters are detailed and apply to specific marketing areas, including: Sales Promotion, Sponsorship, Direct Marketing, Digital Media and Environmental Marketing Claim. In 1951, ICC established the World Chambers Federation (WCF), formerly the International Bureau of Chambers of Commerce. WCF is the unique global forum uniting the worldwide network of more than 12,000 chambers of commerce and industry. It aims to facilitate the exchange of best practice and the development of new global products and services for chambers, and foster international partnerships between chambers and other stakeholders to help local businesses grow. WCF is a non-political, non-governmental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4412734", "chunk_text": "\"NSW Business Chamber\"\nBusiness Chamber is the independent representative organisation for Australia's largest regional business community. The Chamber provides to its 1000 members a comprehensive range of services including lobbying, advocacy, networking and advice including workplace relations, business advice and training. The Chamber represents NSW Business Chamber in the Hunter and members can access all the resources of this organisation. NSW Business Chamber NSW Business Chamber (formerly Australian Business Limited or ABL) is NSW's peak business organisation providing businesses with information, advice, products and services. The organisation has a membership of over 20,200 and 119 Chambers of Commerce in NSW and the ACT.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7468471", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nchamber of commerce, has 350,000 member companies. Germany also has compulsory chambers for \"\"free occupations\"\" such as architects, dentists, engineers, lawyers, notaries, physicians and pharmacists. Under the private model, which exists in English-speaking countries like USA, Canada or the UK, but as well in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark, companies are not obligated to become chamber members. However, companies often become members to develop their business contacts and, regarding the local chambers (the most common level of organization), to demonstrate a commitment to the local economy. Though governments are not required to consult chambers on proposed laws, the chambers are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137200", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nto their members, some of the resources offer personal and/or business services that may have a very low fee (Memberships to other association like the NRA etc.). Under the compulsory or public law model, enterprises of certain sizes, types, or sectors are obliged to become members of the chamber. This model is common in European Union countries (e.g. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria), as well as Japan. Main tasks of the chambers are foreign trade promotion, vocational training, regional economic development, and general services to their members. The chambers were given responsibilities of public administration in various fields by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137195", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nthe latter can sometimes be a formal branch of a local government, the groups work together and may in some cases share office facilities) as well as tourism and visitor bureaus. Some chambers have joined state, national (such as the United States Chamber of Commerce and the British Chambers of Commerce) and even international bodies (such as Eurochambres, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), Worldchambers). Currently, there are about 13,000 chambers registered in the official Worldchambers Network registry, and the chamber of commerce network is the largest business network globally. This network is informal, with each local chamber incorporated and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137193", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nno direct role in the writing and passage of laws and regulations that affect businesses. It may however, lobby in an attempt to get laws passed that are favorable to businesses. Membership in an individual chamber can range from a few dozen to well over 800,000, as is the case with the Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Some chamber organizations in China report even larger membership numbers. Chambers of commerce can range in scope from individual neighborhoods within a city or town up to an international chamber of commerce. In the United States, chambers do not operate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137197", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nChamber of Commerce, Moldovan–American Chamber of Commerce). Community chambers of commerce started in the UK and later spread to in the US, becoming city chambers of commerce as communities developed and became larger. Community chambers of commerce are smaller and most have a limit on numbers of members. City chambers of commerce have a long history in the US. The Charleston Chamber of Commerce is one of the oldest, dating back to colonial 1773. That same year, Boston's Chamber of Commerce organized a seminal tax protest: The Boston Tea Party. In 2005 there were 2,800 chambers of commerce in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "626342", "chunk_text": "\"International Chamber of Commerce\"\nInternational Chamber of Commerce The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: \"\"Chambre de commerce internationale\"\") is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its 6 million members in over 100 countries have interests spanning every sector of private enterprise. ICC has three main activities: rule setting, dispute resolution, and policy advocacy. Because its member companies and associations are themselves engaged in international business, ICC has unrivalled authority in making rules that govern the conduct of business across borders. Although these rules are voluntary, they are observed in countless thousands of transactions every day and have become part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137198", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nUnited States and 102 chambers representing U.S. businesses overseas. According to the Association for Chamber of Commerce Executives (ACCE), there are approximately 3,000 chambers of commerce with at least one staff person and \"\"thousands more established as strictly volunteer entities\"\". State chambers of commerce are much different from local and regional chambers of commerce, as they work on state and sometimes federal issues impacting the business community. Just as the local chamber is critical to the local business community, state chambers serve a unique function, serving as a third party voice on important business legislation that impact the business community", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12988587", "chunk_text": "\"United States Chamber of Commerce\"\nUnited States Chamber of Commerce The United States Chamber of Commerce (USCC) is a business-oriented American lobbying group. It is not an agency of the United States government. Politically, the Chamber usually supports Republican political candidates, though it has occasionally supported conservative Democrats. The Chamber is the largest lobbying group in the U.S., spending more money than any other lobbying organization on a yearly basis. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce's own history of itself describes it as originating from an April 22, 1912, meeting of delegates. The Chamber was created by President Taft as a counterbalance to the labor movement", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3132580", "chunk_text": "\"California Chamber of Commerce\"\nCalifornia Chamber of Commerce The California Chamber of Commerce (CalChamber) is the largest broad-based business advocacy group in California. Membership represents one-quarter of the private sector jobs in California and includes firms of all sizes and companies from every industry within the state. The CalChamber provides products and services to help businesses and human resources (HR) professionals comply with both federal and state employment law. As a not-for-profit organization with roots dating to 1890, the CalChamber promotes international trade and investment to stimulate California's economy and create jobs. CalChamber has over 14,000 members, who collectively employ one quarter of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6883204", "chunk_text": "Business\nBusiness Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). Simply put, it is \"\"any activity or enterprise entered into for profit. It does not mean it is a company, a corporation, partnership, or have any such formal organization, but it can range from a street peddler to General Motors.\"\" Having a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible and liable for debts incurred by the business. If the business acquires debts,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7694660", "chunk_text": "\"Economic development corporation\"\nEconomic development corporation An economic development corporation (\"\"EDC\"\") is an organization common in the United States, usually a 501(c)(3) non-profit, whose mission is to promote economic development within a specific geographical area. These organizations are complementary to Chambers of Commerce. Whereas a Chamber of Commerce promotes the interests of businesses in a particular geographic area, an EDC typically focus on longer term economic growth by attracting new businesses. Generally, an EDC can be found at the state level to attract business to a particular state. The state level EDC often works closely with local EDCs and may offer low interest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3137199", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of commerce\"\nand are critical in shaping legislation in their respective state. State Chambers work with their Governor, state representatives, state senators, US congressional leaders and US Senators. In comparison with state trade associations, which serve as a voice and resource to a particular industry, state chambers are looked to as a respected voice, representing the entire business community to enhance and advocate for a better business environment. Understanding the National or International need for understanding and information is the key service that these level of chambers of commerce provide. These services are in most cases are at no fee or cost", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13250662", "chunk_text": "\"World Chamber of Commerce\"\nWorld Chamber of Commerce The World Chamber of Commerce (WCC) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit global organization dedicated to fostering international trade, cultural and humanitarian cooperation. The World Chamber organizes initiatives and events targeted at furthering these aims. The WCC develops partnerships and acts as a liaison between international and local businesses, supporting efforts from embassies, consulates, multilateral organizations, bi-national chambers of commerce, and businesses promoting global commerce, economic, cultural and social exchange. The WCC headquarters is in Atlanta, United States. The World Chamber of Commerce was founded by International Trade Consultant Solange Warner in 2008. The organization's first activities were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13266755", "chunk_text": "ASSOCHAM\nChamber of Commerce, the World Business Organisation, through ICC, India. ASSOCHAM is authorised by the Government of India to issue Certificates of Origin, certify commercial invoices, and recommend business visa. ASSOCHAM The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) is one of the apex trade associations of India. The organisation represents the interests of trade and commerce in India, and acts as an interface between issues and initiatives. The goal of this organisation is to promote both domestic and international trade, and reduce trade barriers while fostering conducive environment for the growth of trade and industry of India.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "626361", "chunk_text": "\"International Chamber of Commerce\"\nof trustees, who include Cherie Nursalim and Gerard Worms. International Chamber of Commerce The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: \"\"Chambre de commerce internationale\"\") is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its 6 million members in over 100 countries have interests spanning every sector of private enterprise. ICC has three main activities: rule setting, dispute resolution, and policy advocacy. Because its member companies and associations are themselves engaged in international business, ICC has unrivalled authority in making rules that govern the conduct of business across borders. Although these rules are voluntary, they are observed in countless thousands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18651147", "chunk_text": "\"Illinois Chamber of Commerce\"\nIllinois Chamber of Commerce Illinois Chamber of Commerce, or The Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, is a state lobbying group representing the interests of many businesses of all sizes across the state of Illinois. It is not a government agency, but a non-profit membership business advocacy organization. The Chamber is staffed with policy experts, lobbyists and business advocates. Politically, the Chamber is generally considered to be a conservative organization, but is non-partisan and works across party lines to work in the interest of the entire Illinois business community. The Chamber is one of the largest broad-based business lobbying groups in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7256871", "chunk_text": "\"Sydney Business Chamber\"\nPatricia Forsythe as Executive Director, the Sydney Business Chamber is a key player in shaping government policy and has worked hard to enhance Sydney as a city that attracts global investment and global talent. The Sydney Business Chamber developed Sydney: Connected, Productive, Liveable to identify priorities and actions needed to lift Sydney’s international status as a global destination for business and leisure and position Western Sydney as a new economic powerhouse with a strong focus on the benefits the Western Sydney Airport will bring to the Sydney economy and reshape Western Sydney as a place to live, work, study, visit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10677520", "chunk_text": "\"United States Chamber of Commerce\"\nwell as coal mining, and the Trans Alaska Pipeline. In 1981, the Chamber launched the Let's Rebuild America campaign to help support President Reagan's Economic Recovery and Tax Act. With increased globalization in the 1990s, the Chamber promoted expanding opportunities for the export of American goods and services in hopes of creating jobs for Americans. Although various chambers of commerce can work with all levels of government, they tend to concentrate their efforts on specific levels: Local chambers of commerce tend to focus on local issues, state chambers on state issues, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce focuses on national", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19959846", "chunk_text": "\"Georgia Chamber of Commerce\"\nof Commerce employs approximately 30 people in the areas of operations, member services, government affairs, public policy, and communications. Hundreds of volunteers from businesses throughout the state are part of the organization's board of directors, government affairs council and policy committees. The Georgia Chamber is unique in the sense that each of the organization's activities are designed for business advocacy purposes – including direct lobbying efforts, membership events, the Georgia Business Action Network (GBAN), and others. Local chambers, on the other hand, tend to focus on economic development and tourism projects. The Georgia Chamber is not a competitor to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9491714", "chunk_text": "\"New Jersey Chamber of Commerce\"\nNew Jersey Chamber of Commerce The New Jersey Chamber of Commerce is an independent business advocacy organization based in Trenton. It represents the interests of many businesses and trade associations. It is not an agency of state or federal government. In addition to lobbying on behalf of the business community at the New Jersey State House and in Washington, the Chamber provides members with networking events, educational programs and money-saving discounts. Its membership has long been broad-based, ranging from solo proprietors to Fortune 500 companies. In 1911, a group of New Jersey businessmen including Thomas Edison petitioned for the establishment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20514533", "chunk_text": "\"Danish Chamber of Commerce\"\nDanish Chamber of Commerce The Danish Chamber of Commerce (Danish: ) is the network for the service industry in Denmark and one of the largest professional business organisations in the country. It is headquartered in Børsen in Copenhagen and has additional offices in Aarhus and Bruxelles. The Danish Chamber of Commerce was founded on 1 January 2007 as a result of a merger between Dansk Handel & Service and the Chamber of Commerce (previously Handelskammeret, HTSI). Traditionally the organisation’s portfolio has been within the service sector, e.g. retail and wholesale, the transport sector, consultant companies, tourism and hospitality sector etc.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2583289", "chunk_text": "\"North Carolina Chamber of Commerce\"\nSenate. The NC Chamber coordinates numerous annual conferences, including the NC Conference on Education, Energy Conference, Environmental Management Summit, Government Affairs Conference, Health Care Summit, Manufacturing Summit, and Tax Conference. The NC Chamber is a lobbying organization that actively promotes business interests in the North Carolina General Assembly, the state's law-making body. The NC Chamber, along with the North Carolina Commerce Coalition, was a major supporter of the NC Commerce Protection Act of 2013 (Senate Bill 648). This legislation, commonly referred to as an ag-gag bill, seeks to criminalize undercover investigations by journalists and advocates seeking to document and expose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10372042", "chunk_text": "\"Tom J. Donohue\"\nTom J. Donohue Thomas J. Donohue Sr. (born 1938) is the President and CEO of the United States Chamber of Commerce located in Washington, D.C. The Chamber of Commerce supports pro-business causes and is the largest and oldest trade association in the United States. The Chamber is the largest lobbying group in the U.S., spending more money than any other lobbying organization on a yearly basis. Donohue has been the Chamber's president since 1997. Born in Brooklyn to a production manager at the American Can Company, Donohue was raised on Long Island and studied at St. John's University, before pursuing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2583287", "chunk_text": "\"North Carolina Chamber of Commerce\"\n& regulatory reform, health care, infrastructure, labor & workplace issues, manufacturing, taxes, tort reform & legal claim, unemployment insurance reform, and workers' compensation. The NC Chamber comprises several local chambers of commerce from cities, towns, counties, and regions across North Carolina. Member organizations include: Asheville Area Chamber of Commerce, Chapel Hill-Carrboro Chamber of Commerce, Charlotte Chamber of Commerce, Greensboro Chamber of Commerce, Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, Wilmington Chamber of Commerce, and Winston-Salem Chamber of Commerce. The NC Chamber receives financial support from numerous North Carolina businesses and corporations. NC Chamber supporters and investors include: AT&T North Carolina, Bank of America,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5325982", "chunk_text": "\"Trade association\"\nTrade association A trade association, also known as an industry trade group, business association, sector association or industry body, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. An industry trade association participates in public relations activities such as advertising, education, political donations, lobbying and publishing, but its focus is collaboration between companies. Associations may offer other services, such as producing conferences, networking or charitable events or offering classes or educational materials. Many associations are non-profit organizations governed by bylaws and directed by officers who are also members. In countries with a social market economy,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18889150", "chunk_text": "\"Plymouth Chamber of Commerce & Industry\"\nthe Chamber itself. The Chamber finally acts as central source and conduit of crucial business information and intelligence. This usually means the Chamber has its best interest to stay ahead when it comes to being knowledgeable about the latest business affairs. Plymouth Chamber of Commerce & Industry The Devon Chamber (PCCI) is the largest Chamber in the south west of England. The Chamber is a membership organization designed to provide a forum for businesses in both the private and public sectors in Devon and to bring about and sustain a favourable business climate conducive to wealth creation in the city.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18576854", "chunk_text": "\"Dublin Chamber of Commerce\"\nDublin Chamber of Commerce Dublin Chamber of Commerce is the largest chamber of commerce in Ireland with over 1,300 member companies. Since its foundation in 1783, Dublin Chamber of Commerce has sought to bring business people together to share ideas, to form a single voice for the local business community and to ultimately connect and grow business. The membership of Dublin Chamber employs an estimated 350,000 employees from across more than 50 industry sectors, ranging from sole trader businesses to multinational corporations. This means that Dublin Chamber is the most representative and broadly-based business group in the Greater Dublin Area.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19284102", "chunk_text": "\"United States Green Chamber of Commerce\"\nUnited States Green Chamber of Commerce The United States Green Chamber of Commerce (USGCC) is a national networking organization for businesses and community organizations that emphasize green and sustainable business practices. It asserts that sustainable business practices \"\"spur innovation, job creation, energy efficiency and an overall brighter economic future through the triple bottom line: economic, environmental, and social sustainability.\"\" The USGCC was launched in 2011 as a nationwide expansion of the Green Chamber of San Diego County, co-founded by David Steel and Peter Zahn in 2009. The USGCC has created strategic alliances with like-minded groups such as E2 (Environmental Entrepreneurs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4412732", "chunk_text": "\"NSW Business Chamber\"\nThe Sydney Business Chamber was established in 1826 as the Sydney Chamber of Commerce and is the second oldest business entity in New South Wales. Today it is a division of the NSW Business Chamber. Membership of the Sydney Business Chamber is drawn from the city's corporate business community, covering all industry sectors. The Chamber provides a voice for the business community to influence city, state and national governments. Illawarra Business Chamber is the region's leading business advocate and is known colloquially as IBC. IBC is the result of the merger between the Wollongong Chamber of Commerce and the Illawarra", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6786129", "chunk_text": "\"Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry\"\nAustralian Chamber of Commerce and Industry The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Australian Chamber) is Australia's largest and most representative business association, comprising state and territory chambers of commerce and national industry associations. The Australian Chamber contributes to public discussion and government decision-making on issues that impact on business, including economics, trade, workplace relations, work health and safety and employment, education and training. The Australian Chamber also speaks on behalf of Australian business in international forums. The President is Terry Wetherall, a business consultant, and the Chief Executive Officer is James Pearson, a former diplomat and business advocate. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7256869", "chunk_text": "\"Sydney Business Chamber\"\nSydney Business Chamber The Sydney Business Chamber was established in 1825 as the Sydney Chamber of Commerce and is the second oldest business entity in New South Wales. Today it is a division of the NSW Business Chamber. The Chamber's mission is to represent leading corporations across Greater Sydney and advocating for public policies that enhance Sydney as a competitive, collaborative and liveable global city. Membership of the Sydney Business Chamber is drawn from the city's corporate business community, covering all industry sectors. Representing leading corporations across Greater Sydney, the Sydney Business Chamber’s mission is to ensure a competitive and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9648669", "chunk_text": "\"Camera di Commercio, Industria, Agricoltura e Artigianato\"\nCamera di Commercio, Industria, Agricoltura e Artigianato The Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Agriculture and Artisanship (, CCIAA) are Italian organizations that promote business activities. Companies are required to register in the chamber of the province they belong to, as well as filing their annual financial accounts to Registro delle Imprese, a division of C.C.I.A.A.. The chamber also involved in direct investment in company, such as Bologna Chamber of Commerce is the major shareholder of Aeroporto Guglielmo Marconi di Bologna, the operator of Bologna Airport, as well as Tecno Holding, a consortium that owned a minority stake in Società Azionaria Gestione", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17700484", "chunk_text": "\"Lahore Chamber of Commerce & Industry\"\nToday, the chamber is the first ISO-Certified Chamber of Pakistan. LCCI aims to represent its members and contribute to the nation's economic development through the promotion of trade and industry. LCCI acts as a bridge between the government and the business community. It plays an important role in policy formulation by maintaining a constant interaction with the relevant authorities. LCCI is affiliated with the Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce & Industry. It has two classes of membership, namely, Corporate and Associate. This Chamber has currently more than 22,000 members and LCCI claims to be the biggest chamber in Pakistan.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6961491", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of Digital Commerce\"\nChamber of Digital Commerce The Chamber of Digital Commerce is an American advocacy group that promotes the emerging industry behind blockchain technology, bitcoin, digital currency and digital assets. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the organization was founded in July 2014 by Perianne Boring. In October 2014, the chamber received 501(c)(6) non-profit status from the Internal Revenue Service. In 2015, economist and former JPMorgan Chase executive Blythe Masters was appointed to the advisory board. In 2017, internet pioneer and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) inventor Bob Kahn keynoted the DC Blockchain Summit at Georgetown University. Beginning in 2017, several multinational corporations and international", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2098670", "chunk_text": "\"Collins Chabane Local Municipality\"\nof Business is an organization of citizens who are investing their time and money in a community development program-working together to improve the economic, civic, and cultural wellbeing of the area. There are two primary functions of a chamber of Business: first, it acts as a spokesman for the business and professional community and translates the group thinking of its members into action; secondly, it renders a specific product or services type that can be most effectively be beneficial by a community organization and to its members as a whole. The Collins Chabane Chamber of Business is divided into two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10534489", "chunk_text": "\"North Carolina Chamber of Commerce\"\nNorth Carolina Chamber of Commerce The North Carolina Chamber of Commerce is a business network and advocacy organization whose chief mission is to promote business interests in the state of North Carolina. The NC Chamber is an affiliate of the United States Chamber of Commerce. Its headquarters are located in Raleigh, NC. The NC Chamber has identified three priorities, or \"\"pillars of a strong future\"\", that are critical to building a stronger economy in North Carolina: The NC Chamber is active in numerous issues across the political, legislative, and regulatory arenas. These issues include: education & workforce development, energy, environmental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6667105", "chunk_text": "\"Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce\"\nVenezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce The Venezuelan Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Production (Spanish: \"\"Federación de Cámaras y Asociaciones de Comercio y Producción de Venezuela\"\") or Fedecámaras is Venezuela's main business union. It is formed by businesses that represent all economic sectors of the country. Fedecámaras is composed of chambers of commerce (\"\"cámara\"\" in Spanish) in fourteen basic trade groups: banking, agriculture, commerce, construction, energy, manufacturing, media, mining, ranching, insurance, transportation, tourism, real estate and telecommunications. Additionally, 18 regional Fedecámaras chapters complete the organisation. Fedecámaras represents small, medium and large-size companies. Fedecámaras’ mission is to strengthen Venezuela’s business", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8995826", "chunk_text": "\"Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce\"\nSilk Road Chamber of International Commerce Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce (SRCIC), composed of national commercial associations of the Silk Road countries, is the first non-profitable and non-governmental international business confederation named after the Silk Road. Currently SRCIC has 61 country members and millions of enterprises, forming up a community of shared interests, shared responsibilities and a shared future. By integration of its rich world resources, SRCIC has constructed its project pool and capital pool to serve and connect business communities of different countries as a platform, providing opportunities for information communication, project matching, cultural exchange and innovative development.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17685656", "chunk_text": "\"Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce\"\nZimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce The Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce (ZNCC) is the primary business association in Zimbabwe representing enterprises of every size and kind throughout the country. ZNCC is an independent, voluntary, Non-profit-making organization and Non-political organization. It is an organization that provides services designed to support its members in Business development. Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce is non-profit making membership based organization. As an independent organization the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce represents the interest of its members through lobbying, collaboration and facilitation. It provides a focus business empowerment as the engine for Economic growth and also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9388624", "chunk_text": "\"Chamber of Commerce Building (New York City)\"\nbe fixed. Notes Chamber of Commerce Building (New York City) The Chamber of Commerce Building is located on 65 Liberty Street between Nassau Street and Broadway in the Financial District in Manhattan, New York City. The building's architect was James Barnes Baker who designed the building with a Beaux-Arts style. The building is about four stories tall built with Vermont marble and includes a terrace and a mansard roof. The first floor of the building contains the Great Hall where the walls of the hall are filled with portraits of important individuals from American history. Some of the portraits include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "626353", "chunk_text": "\"International Chamber of Commerce\"\nas the World Chambers Federation. With a history spanning over 400 years, chambers today exist in almost every country and business community around the world. Chambers of Commerce and Industry can be defined as: WCF also organizes the World Chambers Congress every two years in a different region of the world. The Congress is the only international forum for chamber leaders and professionals to share best practices, exchange insights, develop networks, address the latest business issues affecting their communities, and learn about new areas of innovation from chambers around the world. During the Congress, WCF also announces the winners of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18651151", "chunk_text": "\"Illinois Chamber of Commerce\"\nMembership Membership is the driving force behind the Illinois Chamber's operation, working with employers across the state to develop a pro-business agenda. Political Action Committee Created in 1975, Chamber PAC is one of the oldest business political action committees in Illinois. Foundation The main purpose of the Illinois Chamber of Commerce Foundation is to raise and expend funds for the purposes of financing and sponsoring, publishing, promoting and distributing research on issues important to businesses or issues and analyses of the Illinois economy and business climate; providing educational forums that facilitate the discussion and debate of policy or operational matters", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6413458", "chunk_text": "\"American Chamber of Commerce Japan\"\nACCJ claims to be Japan’s most influential foreign business organization, and serves as the primary forum for the foreign business community in Japan to identify and pursue shared interests and goals. There are more than sixty Chamber committees, subcommittees, task forces, and advisory councils that cover such diverse areas as: financial services, corporate social responsibility, marketing, independent business, healthcare services, e-business, transportation and logistics, legal services, the travel industry, and human resource management. The ACCJ committees combined hold over 500 programs annually, and these events are exclusively attended by ACCJ members and their accompanied guests. The backbone of the annual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3268	chemicals produced in one part of a plant that affect the growth and response of other parts?	n/a	[ "Plant hormones", "hormones" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15469683", "chunk_text": "\"Plant physiology\"\nwhich possess them, but there is some preliminary evidence that they may have fungicidal properties. Plants produce hormones and other growth regulators which act to signal a physiological response in their tissues. They also produce compounds such as phytochrome that are sensitive to light and which serve to trigger growth or development in response to environmental signals. Plant hormones, known as plant growth regulators (PGRs) or phytohormones, are chemicals that regulate a plant's growth. According to a standard animal definition, hormones are signal molecules produced at specific locations, that occur in very low concentrations, and cause altered processes in target", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15469684", "chunk_text": "\"Plant physiology\"\ncells at other locations. Unlike animals, plants lack specific hormone-producing tissues or organs. Plant hormones are often not transported to other parts of the plant and production is not limited to specific locations. Plant hormones are chemicals that in small amounts promote and influence the growth, development and differentiation of cells and tissues. Hormones are vital to plant growth; affecting processes in plants from flowering to seed development, dormancy, and germination. They regulate which tissues grow upwards and which grow downwards, leaf formation and stem growth, fruit development and ripening, as well as leaf abscission and even plant death. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18562696", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nto those seen in higher plants. Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites. The word hormone is derived from Greek, meaning \"\"set in motion\"\". Plant hormones affect gene expression and transcription levels, cellular division, and growth. They are naturally produced within plants, though very similar chemicals are produced by fungi and bacteria that can also affect plant growth. A large number of related chemical compounds are synthesized by humans. They are used to regulate the growth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18545588", "chunk_text": "Phytotoxin\nPhytotoxin Phytotoxins are substances that are poisonous or toxic to the growth plants. Phytotoxic substances may result from human activity, as with herbicides, or they may be produced by plants, by microorganisms, or by naturally occurring chemical reactions. The term is also used to describe toxic chemicals produced by plants themselves, which function as defensive agents against their predators. Most examples pertaining to this definition of phytotoxin are members of various classes of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenes, and especially phenolics, though not all such compounds are toxic or serve defensive purposes. Phytotoxins may also be toxic to humans. Alkaloids", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18562695", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nPlant hormone Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are signal molecules produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. Plant hormones control all aspects of growth and development, from embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and through to reproductive development. Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. The term 'phytohormone' was coined by Went and Thimann and used in the title of their book in 1937. Phytohormones are found across the plant kingdom, and even in algae, where they have similar functions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6681760", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nbecause it was found in high concentrations in newly abscissed or freshly fallen leaves. This class of PGR is composed of one chemical compound normally produced in the leaves of plants, originating from chloroplasts, especially when plants are under stress. In general, it acts as an inhibitory chemical compound that affects bud growth, and seed and bud dormancy. It mediates changes within the apical meristem, causing bud dormancy and the alteration of the last set of leaves into protective bud covers. Since it was found in freshly abscissed leaves, it was thought to play a role in the processes of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19502746", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nthe effects that hormones have when they are no longer needed. The production of hormones occurs very often at sites of active growth within the meristems, before cells have fully differentiated. After production, they are sometimes moved to other parts of the plant, where they cause an immediate effect; or they can be stored in cells to be released later. Plants use different pathways to regulate internal hormone quantities and moderate their effects; they can regulate the amount of chemicals used to biosynthesize hormones. They can store them in cells, inactivate them, or cannibalise already-formed hormones by conjugating them with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7957734", "chunk_text": "Phytochemical\nGreek \"\"phyto\"\", meaning \"\"plant\"\") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. They generally have biological activity in the plant host and play a role in plant growth or defense against competitors, pathogens, or predators. Phytochemicals generally are regarded as research compounds rather than essential nutrients because proof of their possible health effects has not been established yet. Phytochemicals under research can be classified into major categories, such as carotenoids and polyphenols, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes/lignans. Flavonoids can be further divided into groups based on their similar chemical structure, such as anthocyanins, flavones, flavanones, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4015959", "chunk_text": "Allelopathy\nAllelopathy Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and can have beneficial (positive allelopathy) or detrimental (negative allelopathy) effects on the target organisms and the community. Allelochemicals are a subset of secondary metabolites, which are not required for metabolism (i.e. growth, development and reproduction) of the allelopathic organism. Allelochemicals with negative allelopathic effects are an important part of plant defense against herbivory. The production of allelochemicals are affected by biotic factors such as nutrients available, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9232196", "chunk_text": "Chemotropism\nChemotropism The growth of a plant part due to chemical stimulus is known as chemotropism \"\"'Chemotropism\"\" is growth of organisms such as bacteria and plants, navigated by chemical stimulus from outside of the organism or organism's part. The response of the organism or organism part is termed ‘positive’ if the growth is towards the stimulus, or ‘negative’ if the growth is away from the stimulus. An example of chemo-tropic movement can be seen during the growth of the pollen tube, where growth is always towards the ovules. It can be also written that conversion of flower into fruit is an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20565990", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nthey control the growth of stems, roots, and fruits, and convert stems into flowers. Auxins were the first class of growth regulators discovered. They affect cell elongation by altering cell wall plasticity. They stimulate cambium, a subtype of meristem cells, to divide and in stems cause secondary xylem to differentiate. Auxins act to inhibit the growth of buds lower down the stems (apical dominance), and also to promote lateral and adventitious root development and growth. Leaf abscission is initiated by the growing point of a plant ceasing to produce auxins. Auxins in seeds regulate specific protein synthesis, as they develop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16884792", "chunk_text": "Phytochemical\nPhytochemical Phytochemicals are chemical compounds produced by plants, generally to help them thrive or thwart competitors, predators, or pathogens. The name comes . Some phytochemicals have been used as poisons and others as traditional medicine. As a term, \"\"phytochemicals\"\" is generally used to describe plant compounds that are under research with unestablished effects on health and are not scientifically defined as essential nutrients. Regulatory agencies governing food labeling in Europe and the United States have provided guidance for industry limiting or preventing health claims about phytochemicals on food product or nutrition labels. Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin. Phytochemicals (from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18562699", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\none part of the plant to another; these include sieve tubes or phloem that move sugars from the leaves to the roots and flowers, and xylem that moves water and mineral solutes from the roots to the foliage. Not all plant cells respond to hormones, but those cells that do are programmed to respond at specific points in their growth cycle. The greatest effects occur at specific stages during the cell's life, with diminished effects occurring before or after this period. Plants need hormones at very specific times during plant growth and at specific locations. They also need to disengage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18562697", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nof cultivated plants, weeds, and in vitro-grown plants and plant cells; these manmade compounds are called plant growth regulators or PGRs for short. Early in the study of plant hormones, \"\"phytohormone\"\" was the commonly used term, but its use is less widely applied now. Plant hormones are not nutrients, but chemicals that in small amounts promote and influence the growth, development, and differentiation of cells and tissues. The biosynthesis of plant hormones within plant tissues is often diffuse and not always localized. Plants lack glands to produce and store hormones, because, unlike animals—which have two circulatory systems (lymphatic and cardiovascular)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3736170", "chunk_text": "Allomone\nAllomone An allomone is any chemical substance produced and released by an individual of one species that affects the behaviour of a member of another species to the benefit of the originator but not the receiver. Production of allomones is a common form of defence, particularly by plant species against insect herbivores. Many insects have developed ways to defend against these plant defenses (in an evolutionary arms race). One method of adapting to allomones is to develop a positive reaction to them; the allomone then becomes a kairomone. Others alter the allomones to form pheromones or other hormones, and yet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10908826", "chunk_text": "Autotoxicity\nAutotoxicity Autotoxicity is a biological phenomenon whereby a species inhibits growth or reproduction of members of that same species through the production of chemicals that are released into the environment. It is related to allelopathy but is technically different: autotoxicity means self-toxicity, and allelopathic effects refer to the effects of chemical compounds from one species on another after release into the environment; also, autotoxic effects are always inhibitory, whereas allelopathic effects are not necessarily inhibitory - they may stimulate other organisms. This mechanism will result in reduced competition between members of the same species. Inhibition on the growth of other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19371588", "chunk_text": "Auxin\nEnvironmental Protection Agency in 1979. The dioxin TCDD is an unavoidable contaminant produced in the manufacture of 2,4,5-T. As a result of the integral dioxin contamination, 2,4,5-T has been implicated in leukemia, miscarriages, birth defects, liver damage, and other diseases. Auxin Auxins ( ) are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics. Auxins have a cardinal role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in the plant's life cycle and are essential for plant body development. Auxins and their role in plant growth were first described by the Dutch scientist Frits Warmolt Went.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10456587", "chunk_text": "\"Developmental biology\"\ncontact (thigmotropism). Plant growth and development are mediated by specific plant hormones and plant growth regulators (PGRs) (Ross et al. 1983). Endogenous hormone levels are influenced by plant age, cold hardiness, dormancy, and other metabolic conditions; photoperiod, drought, temperature, and other external environmental conditions; and exogenous sources of PGRs, e.g., externally applied and of rhizospheric origin. Plants exhibit natural variation in their form and structure. While all organisms vary from individual to individual, plants exhibit an additional type of variation. Within a single individual, parts are repeated which may differ in form and structure from other similar parts. This variation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5281681", "chunk_text": "Phytotoxin\nand repair of DNA. Tannins are another group of phenolics important in tanning leather. Lignins, also a group of phenolics, are the most common compounds on Earth, and help conduct water in plant stems and fill spaces in the cell. Herbicides usually interfere with plant growth and often imitate plant hormones. Phytotoxin Phytotoxins are substances that are poisonous or toxic to the growth plants. Phytotoxic substances may result from human activity, as with herbicides, or they may be produced by plants, by microorganisms, or by naturally occurring chemical reactions. The term is also used to describe toxic chemicals produced by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10312087", "chunk_text": "Chemotype\nChemotype A chemotype (sometimes chemovar) is a chemically distinct entity in a plant or microorganism, with differences in the composition of the secondary metabolites. Minor genetic and epigenetic changes with little or no effect on morphology or anatomy may produce large changes in the chemical phenotype. Chemotypes are often defined by the most abundant chemical produced by that individual and the concept has been useful in work done by chemical ecologists and natural product chemists. With respect to plant biology, the term \"\"chemotype\"\" was first coined by Dr. Rolf Santesson and his son Johan in 1968, defined as, \"\"...chemically characterized", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "664422", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nwork together, and the ratios of these two groups of plant hormones affect most major growth periods during a plant's lifetime. Cytokinins counter the apical dominance induced by auxins; they in conjunction with ethylene promote abscission of leaves, flower parts, and fruits. Ethylene is a gas that forms through the breakdown of methionine, which is in all cells. Ethylene has very limited solubility in water and does not accumulate within the cell but diffuses out of the cell and escapes out of the plant. Its effectiveness as a plant hormone is dependent on its rate of production versus its rate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14726197", "chunk_text": "\"Plant development\"\ngrow longer. Not all plant cells grow to the same length. When cells on one side of a stem grow longer and faster than cells on the other side, the stem bends to the side of the slower growing cells as a result. This directional growth can occur via a plant's response to a particular stimulus, such as light (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), water, (hydrotropism), and physical contact (thigmotropism). Plant growth and development are mediated by specific plant hormones and plant growth regulators (PGRs) (Ross et al. 1983). Endogenous hormone levels are influenced by plant age, cold hardiness, dormancy, and other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17299552", "chunk_text": "Chemoreceptor\nthe plant's innate immunity for a defense response. Plant receptor kinases are also used for growth and hormone induction among other important biochemical processes. These reactions are triggered by a series of signaling pathways which are initiated by plant chemically sensitive receptors. Plant hormone receptors can either be integrated in plant cells or situate outside the cell, in order to facilitate chemical structure and composition. There are 5 major categories of hormones that are unique to plants which once bound to the receptor, will trigger a response in target cells. These include auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, cytokinin, and ethylene. Once", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "574163", "chunk_text": "Auxin\nplant is a key factor for plant growth, its reaction to its environment, and specifically for development of plant organs (such as leaves or flowers). It is achieved through very complex and well coordinated active transport of auxin molecules from cell to cell throughout the plant body — by the so-called polar auxin transport. Thus, a plant can (as a whole) react to external conditions and adjust to them, without requiring a nervous system. Auxins typically act in concert with, or in opposition to, other plant hormones. For example, the ratio of auxin to cytokinin in certain plant tissues determines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18294874", "chunk_text": "Metabolite\nMetabolite A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism. The term \"\"metabolite\"\" is usually restricted to small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and pheromones). A primary metabolite is directly involved in normal \"\"growth\"\", development, and reproduction. Ethylene is an example of a primary metabolite produced in large-scale by industrial microbiology. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has an important ecological function. Examples", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18135161", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nearly growth of the seedling, ABA levels decrease even more. As plants begin to produce shoots with fully functional leaves, ABA levels begin to increase, slowing down cellular growth in more \"\"mature\"\" areas of the plant. Stress from water or predation affects ABA production and catabolism rates, mediating another cascade of effects that trigger specific responses from targeted cells. Scientists are still piecing together the complex interactions and effects of this and other phytohormones. Auxins are compounds that positively influence cell enlargement, bud formation and root initiation. They also promote the production of other hormones and in conjunction with cytokinins,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11266145", "chunk_text": "Phytochemistry\nPhytochemistry Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants. Those studying phytochemistry strive to describe the structures of the large number of secondary metabolic compounds found in plants, the functions of these compounds in human and plant biology, and the biosynthesis of these compounds. Plants synthesize phytochemicals for many reasons, including to protect themselves against insect attacks and plant diseases. Phytochemicals in food plants are often active in human biology, and in many cases have health benefits. The compounds found in plants are of many kinds, but most are in four major biochemical classes, the alkaloids,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7610869", "chunk_text": "\"Plant defense against herbivory\"\nin the normal growth, development or reproduction of organisms, and often produced as by-products during the synthesis of primary metabolic products. Although these secondary metabolites have been thought to play a major role in defenses against herbivores, a meta-analysis of recent relevant studies has suggested that they have either a more minimal (when compared to other non-secondary metabolites, such as primary chemistry and physiology) or more complex involvement in defense. Secondary metabolites are often characterized as either \"\"qualitative\"\" or \"\"quantitative\"\". Qualitative metabolites are defined as toxins that interfere with a herbivore's metabolism, often by blocking specific biochemical reactions. Qualitative chemicals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5834802", "chunk_text": "\"Plant secondary metabolism\"\npathways that are essential to the plant's survival. Primary metabolites are compounds that are directly involved in the growth and development of a plant whereas secondary metabolites are compounds produced in other metabolic pathways that, although important, are not essential to the functioning of the plant. However, secondary plant metabolites are useful in the long term, often for defense purposes, and give plants characteristics such as color. Secondary plant metabolites are also used in signalling and regulation of primary metabolic pathways. Plant hormones, which are secondary metabolites, are often used to regulate the metabolic activity within cells and oversee the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14701388", "chunk_text": "\"Plant physiology\"\nthe various modes of transport is studied by plant physiologists. Fourthly, plant physiologists study the ways that plants control or regulate internal functions. Like animals, plants produce chemicals called hormones which are produced in one part of the plant to signal cells in another part of the plant to respond. Many flowering plants bloom at the appropriate time because of light-sensitive compounds that respond to the length of the night, a phenomenon known as photoperiodism. The ripening of fruit and loss of leaves in the winter are controlled in part by the production of the gas ethylene by the plant.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10908828", "chunk_text": "Autotoxicity\nSome believe that a chemical called medicarpin is responsible for autotoxicity. Roots of affected plants can be swollen, curled, discolored, and lack root hairs. Lack of root hairs reduces the plants ability to gather nutrients and absorb water. Crop rotation is used to counteract autotoxicity in alfalfa. Autotoxicity Autotoxicity is a biological phenomenon whereby a species inhibits growth or reproduction of members of that same species through the production of chemicals that are released into the environment. It is related to allelopathy but is technically different: autotoxicity means self-toxicity, and allelopathic effects refer to the effects of chemical compounds from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13255448", "chunk_text": "Botany\nderivative of the purine adenine. Zeatin is produced in roots and transported to shoots in the xylem where it promotes cell division, bud development, and the greening of chloroplasts. The gibberelins, such as Gibberelic acid are diterpenes synthesised from acetyl CoA via the mevalonate pathway. They are involved in the promotion of germination and dormancy-breaking in seeds, in regulation of plant height by controlling stem elongation and the control of flowering. Abscisic acid (ABA) occurs in all land plants except liverworts, and is synthesised from carotenoids in the chloroplasts and other plastids. It inhibits cell division, promotes seed maturation, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3736172", "chunk_text": "Allomone\na mutualistic relationship, and the latter would be a repellent secretion.\"\" Disrupt growth and development and reduce longevity of adults e.g. toxins or digestibility reducing factors. Disrupt normal host selection behaviour e.g. Repellents, suppressants, locomotory excitants. Allomone An allomone is any chemical substance produced and released by an individual of one species that affects the behaviour of a member of another species to the benefit of the originator but not the receiver. Production of allomones is a common form of defence, particularly by plant species against insect herbivores. Many insects have developed ways to defend against these plant defenses (in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "664423", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nof escaping into the atmosphere. Ethylene is produced at a faster rate in rapidly growing and dividing cells, especially in darkness. New growth and newly germinated seedlings produce more ethylene than can escape the plant, which leads to elevated amounts of ethylene, inhibiting leaf expansion (\"\"see Hyponastic response\"\"). As the new shoot is exposed to light, reactions by phytochrome in the plant's cells produce a signal for ethylene production to decrease, allowing leaf expansion. Ethylene affects cell growth and cell shape; when a growing shoot hits an obstacle while underground, ethylene production greatly increases, preventing cell elongation and causing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5366643", "chunk_text": "\"Chemical ecology\"\nfungi in the soil. Plants interact also with micro-organisms. For this to become possible the microbes have to establish an interface between them and the plant, by growing into the plant through its surface. To do so, the microbes need to break the protective hydrophobic waxy layer on the the plant’s surface. To do this, the micro-organisms secrete special fluids which break down the fats from the cuticle. Most of the hormones in plants are concentrated on their tips. The auxin hormones are responsible for growth of plants and are stimulated by certain stimulus such as light. This phenomenon is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11330308", "chunk_text": "Chemotropism\nto locomotion. Chemotropism The growth of a plant part due to chemical stimulus is known as chemotropism \"\"'Chemotropism\"\" is growth of organisms such as bacteria and plants, navigated by chemical stimulus from outside of the organism or organism's part. The response of the organism or organism part is termed ‘positive’ if the growth is towards the stimulus, or ‘negative’ if the growth is away from the stimulus. An example of chemo-tropic movement can be seen during the growth of the pollen tube, where growth is always towards the ovules. It can be also written that conversion of flower into fruit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1190871", "chunk_text": "\"Chemical defense\"\nstock for the evolution of defensive chemicals. Examples of common secondary metabolites used as chemical defenses by plants include alkaloids, phenols, and terpenes. Defensive chemicals used to avoid consumption may be broadly characterized as either toxins or substances reducing the digestive capacity of herbivores. Although toxins are defined in a broad sense as any substance produced by an organism that reduces the fitness of another, in a more specific sense toxins are substances which directly affect and diminish the functioning of certain metabolic pathways. Toxins are minor constituents (<2% dry weight), active in small concentrations, and more present in flowers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11668924", "chunk_text": "Phytotoxicity\nPhytotoxicity Phytotoxicity is a toxic effect by a compound on plant growth. Such damage may be caused by a wide variety of compounds, including trace metals, salinity, pesticides, phytotoxins or allelochemicals. High concentrations of mineral salts in solution within the growing medium can have phytotoxic effects. Sources of excessive mineral salts include infiltration of seawater and excessive application of fertilizers. For example, urea is used in agriculture as a nitrogenous fertilizer, but if too much is applied, phytotoxic effects can result, either by urea toxicity or by the \"\"ammonia produced through hydrolysis of urea by soil urease\"\". Acid soils may", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8872077", "chunk_text": "\"Species distribution\"\nterpenes which inhibit the growth of other plants around it and results in uniform distribution. This is an example of allelopathy, which is the release of chemicals from plant parts by leaching, root exudation, volatilization, residue decomposition and other processes. Allelopathy can have beneficial, harmful, or neutral effects on surrounding organisms. Some allelochemicals even have selective effects on surrounding organisms; for example, the tree species \"\"Leucaena leucocephala\"\" exudes a chemical that inhibits the growth of other plants but not those of its own species, and thus can affect the distribution of specific rival species. Allelopathy usually results in uniform distributions,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16842114", "chunk_text": "Terpene\nTerpene Terpenes () are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, and by some insects. They often have a strong odor and may protect the plants that produce them by deterring herbivores and by attracting predators and parasites of herbivores. Although sometimes used interchangeably with \"\"terpenes\"\", terpenoids (or isoprenoids) are modified terpenes as they contain additional functional groups, usually oxygen-containing. Terpenes are hydrocarbons. Terpenes are the major components of rosin and of turpentine produced from resin. The name \"\"terpene\"\" is derived from the word \"\"terpentine\"\", an obsolete form of the word", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "574161", "chunk_text": "Auxin\nAuxin Auxins ( ) are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics. Auxins have a cardinal role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in the plant's life cycle and are essential for plant body development. Auxins and their role in plant growth were first described by the Dutch scientist Frits Warmolt Went. Kenneth V. Thimann was the first to isolate one of these phytohormones and determine its chemical structure as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Went and Thimann co-authored a book on plant hormones, \"\"Phytohormones\"\", in 1937. Auxins were the first of the major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20565991", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nwithin the flower after pollination, causing the flower to develop a fruit to contain the developing seeds. Auxins are toxic to plants in large concentrations; they are most toxic to dicots and less so to monocots. Because of this property, synthetic auxin herbicides including 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic) and 2,4,5-T have been developed and used for weed control. Auxins, especially 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), are also commonly applied to stimulate root growth when taking cuttings of plants. The most common auxin found in plants is indole-3-acetic acid or IAA. Brassinosteroids are a class of polyhydroxysteroids, the only example of steroid", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17126314", "chunk_text": "\"Plant morphology\"\ngrow through cell elongation. This occurs when individual cells or groups of cells grow longer. Not all plant cells will grow to the same length. When cells on one side of a stem grow longer and faster than cells on the other side, the stem will bend to the side of the slower growing cells as a result. This directional growth can occur via a plant's response to a particular stimulus, such as light (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), water, (hydrotropism), and physical contact (thigmotropism). Plant growth and development are mediated by specific plant hormones and plant growth regulators (PGRs) (Ross et", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18250302", "chunk_text": "\"Plant secondary metabolism\"\nPlant secondary metabolism Secondary metabolism produces a large number of specialized compounds (estimated 200,000) that do not aid in the growth and development of plants but are required for the plant to survive in its environment. Secondary metabolism is connected to primary metabolism by using building blocks and biosynthetic enzymes derived from primary metabolism. Primary metabolism governs all basic physiological processes that allow a plant to grow and set seeds, by translating the genetic code into proteins, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Specialized compounds from secondary metabolism are essential for communicating with other organisms in mutualistic (e.g. attraction of beneficial organisms", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15427103", "chunk_text": "Hypocotyl\nin the field of photobiology is the investigation of the effect of changes in light quantity and quality on hypocotyl elongation. It is frequently used to study the growth promoting vs. growth repressing effects of application of plant hormones like ethylene. Under normal light conditions, hypocotyl growth is controlled by a process called photomorphogenesis, while shading the seedlings evokes a rapid transcriptional response which negatively regulates photomorphogenesis and results in increased rates of hypocotyl growth. This rate is highest when plants are kept in darkness mediated by a process called skotomorphogenesis, which contrasts photomorphogenesis. Hypocotyl The hypocotyl (short for \"\"hypocotyledonous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15386743", "chunk_text": "\"Chemical ecology\"\nChemical ecological processes mediated by semiochemicals may be intraspecific (occurring within a species) or interspecific (occurring between species). The field relies on analytical and synthetic chemistry, protein chemistry, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolution. Chemical ecology in plants is the study that integrates the chemistry and biological properties of the plants and their interaction with the environment (i.e. microorganisms, phytophagous insects) and their antagonists. Chemical ecology in plants mainly involves plants fighting herbivory by producing various phytochemical compounds. These compounds can be produced by the plants themselves, or as a part of various symbiotic relationships fungi and bacteria. The surface of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15469676", "chunk_text": "\"Plant physiology\"\nFinally, plant physiology includes the study of plant response to environmental conditions and their variation, a field known as environmental physiology. Stress from water loss, changes in air chemistry, or crowding by other plants can lead to changes in the way a plant functions. These changes may be affected by genetic, chemical, and physical factors. The chemical elements of which plants are constructed—principally carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, etc.—are the same as for all other life forms animals, fungi, bacteria and even viruses. Only the details of the molecules into which they are assembled differs. Despite this underlying similarity,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4795594", "chunk_text": "\"Epidermis (botany)\"\nthe plant hormones gibberellins, and even if not completely controlled, gibberellins certainly have an effect on the development of the leaf hairs. \"\"GL1\"\" causes endoreplication, the replication of DNA without subsequent cell division as well as cell expansion. \"\"GL1\"\" turns on the expression of a second gene for trichome formation, \"\"GL2\"\", which controls the final stages of trichome formation causing the cellular outgrowth. \"\"Arabidopsis thaliana\"\" uses the products of inhibitory genes to control the patterning of trichomes, such as \"\"TTG\"\" and \"\"TRY\"\". The products of these genes will diffuse into the lateral cells, preventing them from forming trichomes and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18121518", "chunk_text": "Antifeedant\nAntifeedant Antifeedants are organic compounds produced by plants to inhibit attack by insects and grazing animals. These chemical compounds are typically classified as secondary metabolites in that they are not essential for the metabolism of the plant, but instead confer longevity. Antifeedants exhibit a wide range of activities and chemical structures. Examples include rosin, which inhibits attack on trees, and many alkaloids, which are highly toxic to specific insect species. \"\"Plant-derived insecticides (e.g., rotenone, veratridines, pyrethrins, and nicotine) have been used for insect control since antiquity.\"\" The active ingredients in these plants have been purified and modified. For example, variations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20565997", "chunk_text": "\"Plant hormone\"\nand builds-up within the fruit, resulting in a climacteric event just before seed dispersal. The nuclear protein Ethylene Insensitive2 (EIN2) is regulated by ethylene production, and, in turn, regulates other hormones including ABA and stress hormones. Gibberellins (GAs) include a large range of chemicals that are produced naturally within plants and by fungi. They were first discovered when Japanese researchers, including Eiichi Kurosawa, noticed a chemical produced by a fungus called \"\"Gibberella fujikuroi\"\" that produced abnormal growth in rice plants. It was later discovered that GAs are also produced by the plants themselves and they control multiple aspects of development", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3269	what are the power of supreme court in the philippines?	n/a	[ "Justices" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918130", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nSupreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court of the Philippines (; colloquially referred to as \"\"Korte Suprema\"\") is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen (15) Justices, including the Chief Justice. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has \"\"administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof\"\". The Supreme Court Complex, which was formerly the part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus, occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila, with the main building directly fronting the Philippine General Hospital.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918097", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nSupreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court of the Philippines (; colloquially referred to as \"\"Korte Suprema\"\") is the highest court in the Philippines. It is presided over by a Chief Justice and is composed of fifteen (15) Justices, including the Chief Justice. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Supreme Court has \"\"administrative supervision over all courts and the personnel thereof\"\". The Supreme Court Complex, which was formerly the part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus, occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Manila, with the main building directly fronting the Philippine General Hospital.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918102", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nand the procedural rules to be observed in all courts. The more prominent role of the Court is located in the exercise of its judicial functions. Section 1 of Article VIII contains definition of judicial power that had not been found in previous constitutions. The judicial power is vested in “one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” This judicial power is exercised through the judiciary’s primary role of adjudication, which includes the “duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918114", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nCourt of the Philippines was officially established on June 11, 1901 through the passage of Act No. 136, otherwise known as the Judiciary Law of the Second Philippine Commission. By virtue of that law, judicial power in the Philippine Islands was vested in the Supreme Court, Courts of First Instance and Justice of the Peace courts. Other courts were subsequently established. The judicial structure introduced by Act No. 136 was reaffirmed by the US Congress with the passage of the Philippine Bill of 1902. The Administrative Code of 1917 ordained the Supreme Court as the highest tribunal of the Philippines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7820247", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme court\"\nfact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development of Philippine laws and jurisprudence. Even as the body of Philippine laws remain mostly codified, the Philippine Civil Code expressly recognizes that decisions of the Supreme Court \"\"form part of the law of the land\"\", belonging to the same class as statutes. The 1987 Philippine Constitution also explicitly grants to the Supreme Court the power of judicial review over laws and executive actions. The Supreme Court is composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10496089", "chunk_text": "Philippines\nsingle six-year term, during which he or she appoints and presides over the cabinet. The bicameral Congress is composed of the Senate, serving as the upper house, with members elected to a six-year term, and the House of Representatives, serving as the lower house, with members elected to a three-year term. Senators are elected at large while the representatives are elected from both legislative districts and through sectoral representation. The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court, composed of a Chief Justice as its presiding officer and fourteen associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the President from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5864639", "chunk_text": "\"Government of the Philippines\"\nas the new Vice President. The appointment must then be validated by a three-fourths vote of the Congress. Executive leadership: National government Local government The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court of the Philippines and lower courts established by law. The Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head and 14 Associate Justices, occupies the highest tier of the judiciary. The justices serve until the age of 70. The justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council of the Philippines. The sitting Chief Justice is Maria Lourdes Sereno, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "513821", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of the Philippines\"\nprovides for the qualification, terms of office, election, and power and functions of the President. It also provides for a Vice President and for the presidential line of succession. Article VIII vests the judicial power upon the Supreme Court and other lower courts as may be established by law (by Congress). While the power to appoint justices and judges still reside with the President, the President may only appoint nominees pre-selected by the Judicial and Bar Council, a body composed of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Secretary of Justice, the Chairs of the Senate and House Committees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918103", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nwhether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government.” The definition reaffirms the power of the Supreme Court to engage in judicial review, a power that had traditionally belonged to the Court even before this provision was enacted. Still, this new provision effectively dissuades from the easy resort to the political question doctrine as a means of declining to review a law or state action, as was often done by the Court during the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6781676", "chunk_text": "\"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nAssociate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines. The Chief Justice presides over the High Court, but carries only 1 of the 15 votes in the court. Traditionally, the Chief Justice is deemed as \"\"primus inter pares\"\" (\"\"first among equals\"\") among the Justices. Until 1973, only men were appointed as Associate Justices to the Court. Cecilia Muñoz-Palma, an appointee of President Ferdinand Marcos, was the first woman to sit on the Court. Since", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918116", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nCourt increased to 11: a chief justice and ten associate justices, who sat \"\"en banc\"\" or in two divisions of five members each. Article V of the Treaty of Manila (1946) abolished the U.S. Supreme Court's appellate authority over the Supreme Court of the Philippines, but provided that Philippine appeals pending before the U.S. Supreme Court would be allowed to run to completion. Under the 1973 Constitution, the membership of the Supreme Court was increased to 15. The justices sat en banc or in divisions. The 1973 Constitution also vested in the Supreme Court administrative supervision over all lower courts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7978732", "chunk_text": "\"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nChief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines The Chief Justice of the Philippines () presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is the highest judicial officer of the government of the Philippines. As of November 28, 2018, the position is currently held by Lucas Bersamin, who was appointed by President Rodrigo Duterte following the mandatory retirement of his predecessor Teresita Leonardo-De Castro in October 2018. The Chief Justice, who was first named in June 11, 1901 in the person of Cayetano Arellano, is the oldest existing major governmental office continually held by a Filipino, preceding the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9362243", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nofficial establishment of the Supreme Court, institutions exercising judicial power were already in existence. Before the Spaniards came, judicial authority was in the hands of barangay chiefs. During the early years of the Spanish government, these powers were vested upon Miguel López de Legazpi, the first Governor-General of the Philippines. He administered civil and criminal justice under the Royal Order of August 14, 1569. The present Supreme Court was preceded by the \"\"Real Audiencia\"\", a collegial body established on May 5, 1583 and composed, of a president, four \"\"oidores\"\" (justices), and a fiscal, among others. The Chief Judge of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9362229", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nUntil 1945, the Court met in Cavite. A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court: (1) natural-born citizenship; (2) at least 40 years old; and (3) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. An additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge \"\"must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence.\"\" Upon a vacancy in the Court, whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice, the President", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5864636", "chunk_text": "\"Government of the Philippines\"\nis the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the President. Judicial power is vested in the courts with the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body. The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines which consists of the Senate of the Philippines Senate and House of Representatives. The upper house is located in Pasay City, while the lower house is located in Quezon City. Both are in Metro Manila. The district and sectoral representatives are elected for a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918117", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nwhich heretofore was under the Department of Justice. After the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, President Corazon Aquino, using her emergency powers, promulgated a transitory charter known as the “Freedom Constitution” which did not affect the composition and powers of the Supreme Court. The Freedom Charter was replaced by the 1987 Constitution which is the fundamental charter in force in the Philippines at present. Section 1 Article VIII of the Constitution vests the judicial power “in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.” The Supreme Court approved the Writ of Amparo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918101", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\n1987 Constitution. These functions may be generally divided into two – judicial functions and administrative functions. The administrative functions of the Court pertain to the supervision and control over the Philippine judiciary and its employees, as well as over members of the Philippine bar. Pursuant to these functions, the Court is empowered to order a change of venue of trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice and to appoint all officials and employees of the judiciary. The Court is further authorized to promulgate the rules for admission to the practice of law, for legal assistance to the underprivileged,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5864653", "chunk_text": "\"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nbe removed thru \"\"quo warranto\"\" after it was determined that she had been unlawfully holding office \"\"ab initio\"\"). The Chief Justice also names the three justices each from the Supreme Court in the memberships of the House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal and the Senate Electoral Tribunal. The chief justice is the chief executive officer of the Philippine judiciary system and together with the whole Supreme Court, exercises administrative supervision over all courts and personnel. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines The Chief Justice of the Philippines () presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11721540", "chunk_text": "\"Judicial review in the Philippines\"\nHence, Section 1, Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution states in part that:\"\"Judicial power includes the duty of courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government.\"\" See also: Judicial review in the Philippines As early as 1936, the Philippine Supreme Court had unequivocally asserted its constitutional authority to engage in judicial review. This power was affirmed in the Supreme Court decision", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918105", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nas well as “those involving the constitutionality, application, or operation of presidential decrees, proclamations, orders, instructions, ordinances, and other regulations”. The Court \"\"en banc\"\" also decides cases originally heard by a division when a majority vote cannot be reached within the division. The Court also has the discretion to hear a case \"\"en banc\"\" even if no constitutional issue is involved, as it typically does if the decision would reverse precedent or presents novel or important questions. Far and away the most common mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an appeal from a decision rendered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4919124", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of the Philippines\"\nmay adopt in full, with amendments, or a complete revision altogether. The president wields considerable political power and may be able to influence other branches via the so-called Padrino System. The judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court and other lower courts. The Supreme Court is the court of last result , and decides on constitutionality of laws via judicial review. The president selects justices and judges from nominees given by the Judicial and Bar Council. The Court of Appeals is the second highest appellate court, the Court of Tax Appeals rules on tax matters, and the Sandiganbayan (People's Advocate)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14095694", "chunk_text": "\"Court of Appeals of the Philippines\"\nCourt of Appeals of the Philippines The Court of Appeals of the Philippines () is the second-highest judicial court in the Philippines, next to the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals consists of 1 Presiding Justice and 68 Associate Justices. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Court of Appeals \"\"reviews not only the decisions and orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals, as well as the awards, judgments, final orders or resolutions of, or authorized by twenty-one (21) quasi-judicial agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions mentioned in Rule 43 of the 1997 Rules of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15320560", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nout of 99 countries. This makes the Philippines the most improved among ASEAN member nations. \"\"Results showed that the country ranked high in terms of constraints on government powers (39th); absence of corruption (47th), and open government (50th).\"\" \"\"The Philippines, however, fell to the bottom half of the global rankings in terms of regulatory enforcement (52nd); order and security (58th); criminal justice (66th); fundamental rights (67th), and civil justice (75th).\"\" \"\"Watch the Supreme Court\"\" coalition was launched at the Training Center, Ground Floor, Supreme Court Centennial Bldg on November 17, 2008, \"\"to ensure the fair and honest selection of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918104", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\na result, the existence of “grave abuse of discretion” on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government is sufficient basis to nullify state action. The Court is authorized to sit either \"\"en banc\"\" or in divisions of 3, 5 or 7 members. Since the 1970s, the Court has constituted itself in 3 divisions with 5 members each. A majority of the cases are heard and decided by the divisions, rather than the court \"\"en banc\"\". However, the Constitution requires that the Court hear \"\"en banc\"\" “[a]ll cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5864635", "chunk_text": "\"Government of the Philippines\"\nGovernment of the Philippines The Government of the Philippines () is the national government of the Philippines. It is governed as unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic and a constitutional republic where the President function as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system. The government has three interdependent branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The powers of the branches are vested by the Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines—the Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9362240", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nlower courts, although there are notable exceptions to this rule. The Court also refuses to entertain cases originally filed before it that should have been filed first with the trial courts. The other mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an original petition filed directly with the Supreme Court, in cases that the Constitution establishes \"\"original jurisdiction\"\" with the Supreme Court. Under Section 5(1), Article VIII of the Constitution, they are \"\"cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.\"\" Resort to certiorari, prohibition and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19761371", "chunk_text": "\"President of the Philippines\"\nover local government units. The President also serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. This includes the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and to declare Martial law. With the consent of the Commission on Appointments, the president also appoints the heads of the executive departments, board of members and its leaders from any national government-related institutions, ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, high-ranking officers of the armed forces, and other officials. The members of the Supreme Court and lower courts are also appointed by the president, but only from the list of nominees", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2171222", "chunk_text": "\"Philippine habeas corpus cases\"\nPhilippine habeas corpus cases Philippine \"\"habeas corpus\"\" cases are cases decided by the Supreme Court of the Philippines, which invoke the writ of \"\"habeas corpus\"\". The writ of \"\"habeas corpus\"\" may be suspended in order to prevent any violence in cases of rebellion or insurrection, as the case may be. In Philippine jurisdiction, the present 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article III, Section 15 provides that “The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion, when the public safety requires it.” As per definition, it is a law stating that an individual", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11721539", "chunk_text": "\"Judicial review in the Philippines\"\nJudicial review in the Philippines As early as 1936, the Philippine Supreme Court had unequivocally asserted its constitutional authority to engage in judicial review. This power was affirmed in the Supreme Court decision in \"\"Angara v. Electoral Commission\"\", 63 Phil. 139 (1936). Nonetheless, the Supreme Court would, in the next several decades, often decline to exercise judicial review by invoking the political question doctrine. In 1987, the constitutional convention formed to draft a new charter decided to provide for a definition of \"\"judicial power\"\" as a means of inhibiting the Supreme Court from frequently resorting to the political question doctrine.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9362245", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nby a Royal Decree issued on July 4, 1861, but its decisions were appealable to the Supreme Court of Spain sitting in Madrid. On February 26, 1886, a territorial \"\"Audiencia\"\" was organized in Cebu, followed by an \"\"Audiencia\"\" for criminal cases in Vigan. However, the pre-eminence of the Supreme Court as the sole interpreter of the law was unknown during the Spanish regime. From 1898 to 1901 there was no Supreme Court as the new American Governor-General of the Philippines abolished the colonial Real Audiencia of Manila as the Philippines was under US military law under military rule. The Supreme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "513822", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of the Philippines\"\non Justice, and representatives from the legal profession. Article IX establishes three constitutional commissions: the Civil Service Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit. Article X pursues for local autonomy and mandates Congress to enact a law for the local government, now currently the Local Government Code. Article XI establishes the Office of the Ombudsman which is responsible for investigating and prosecuting government officials. It also vests upon the Congress the power to impeach the President, the Vice President, members of the Supreme Court, and the Ombudsman. The Constitution also contains several other provisions enumerating various state", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918112", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nReal Audiencia was the Governor-General of the Philippines. It was the highest tribunal in the Philippines, below only the Council of the Indies of Spain. However, this body also exercised administrative functions, not just judicial functions. The \"\"Audiencia\"\"’s functions and structure underwent substantial modifications in 1815 when its president was replaced by a chief justice and the number of justices was increased. It then came to be known as the \"\"Audiencia Territorial de Manila\"\" with two branches, civil and criminal, later renamed \"\"sala de lo civil\"\" and \"\"sala de lo criminal\"\". \"\"The Audiencia\"\" was converted to a purely judicial body", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6781677", "chunk_text": "\"Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nthen, 13 other women have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court. Under the 1987 Constitution, the minimum requirements for appointment to the Supreme Court are natural born citizenship; 40 years of age; and 15 years or more as a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines. (\"\"sec. 7(1), Article VIII\"\") The members of the Court are appointed by the President from a list of at least 3 nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. (\"\"sec. 9, Article VIII\"\") The appointment is not subject to confirmation by Congress. Members", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7978733", "chunk_text": "\"Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\npresidency and vice presidency (1935), senators (1916, or as the Taft Commission, in September 1, 1901) and the members of the House of Representatives (1907 as the Philippine Assembly). The power to appoint the chief justice lies with the president, who makes the selection from a list of three nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council. There is no material difference in the process of selecting a chief justice from that in the selection of associate justices. As with the other justices of the Supreme Court, the chief justice is obliged to retire upon reaching the age of 70;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "555667", "chunk_text": "\"Regional Trial Court\"\nRegional Trial Court The Regional Trial Courts () are the highest trial courts in the Philippines. It was formerly called as the Court of First Instance since the Spanish era. It continued throughout its colonization under Spanish and Americans. After the Independence from the United States, Republic Act No. 296 or Judiciary Act of 1948 was enacted to reinforce its jurisdictional powers of the Court of First Instance. Under its law, it has the power to try civil and criminal cases, as well as appeals from the decisions made by the municipality and city Justice of the Peace courts. However,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918118", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\non September 25, 2007. The writ of amparo (Spanish for protection) strips the military of the defense of simple denial. Under the writ, families of victims have the right to access information on their cases—a constitutional right called the \"\"\"\"habeas data\"\"\"\" common in several Latin American countries. The rule is enforced retroactively. Chief Justice Puno stated that \"\"If you have this right, it would be very, very difficult for State agents, State authorities to be able to escape from their culpability.\"\" The Resolution and the Rule on the Writ of Amparo gave legal birth to Puno's brainchild. No filing or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4919126", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of the Philippines\"\nlegal cases. The Philippine Legal System is a hybrid form based on the Spanish Civil Law and Anglo-American Common Law system, Muslim regions observe the Sharia Law as binding legal system in accordance to their Islamic traditions The Constitution is the supreme law of the land and laws passed by the Congress shall be consistent with the Constitution. Under the Civil Code of the Philippines, Judicial decisions applying or interpreting the laws or the Constitution is part of the legal system, the doctrine of stare decisis applies in deciding legal controversies. The court may exercise judicial review to determine whether", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15320555", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nor even the destroy erroneous data gathered. On January 22, 2008, the Supreme Court en banc approved the rules for the writ of Habeas Data (\"\"to protect a person’s right to privacy and allow a person to control any information concerning them\"\"), effective on February 2, the Philippines’ Constitution Day. Since the courts' creation, English had been used in court proceedings. But for the first time in Philippine judicial history, or on August 22, 2007, three Malolos City regional trial courts in Bulacan will use Filipino, to promote the national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "513813", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of the Philippines\"\nConstitution of the Philippines The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: \"\"Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas\"\" or \"\"Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas\"\") is the constitution or supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986 and was ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987. Three other constitutions have effectively governed the country in its history: the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitution, and the 1986 Freedom Constitution. The earliest constitution establishing a \"\"Philippine Republic,\"\" the 1899 Malolos Constitution, was never fully implemented throughout the Philippines and did not establish a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14096753", "chunk_text": "Sandiganbayan\nSandiganbayan The Sandiganbayan (Filipino; ) is a special appellate collegial court in the Philippines that has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases involving graft and corrupt practices and other offenses committed by public officers and employees, including those in government-owned or government-controlled corporations. The special court was established by Presidential Decree No. 1486 of the 1973 Constitution. It was subsequently modified by Presidential Decree No. 1606 and by Republic Acts numbered 7975 and 8249 in the 1987 Constitution. It is equal in rank to the Court of Appeals, and consists of fourteen Associate Justices and one Presiding Justice. The Office", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11768929", "chunk_text": "\"Impeachment in the Philippines\"\nto impeach and the numerical limit on impeachment procedures. If the President of the Philippines is on trial, such as in 2001, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines shall preside but not vote. Impeachment in the Philippines Impeachment in the Philippines is an expressed power of the Congress of the Philippines to formally charge a serving government official with an impeachable offense. After being impeached by the House of Representatives, the official is then tried in the Senate. If convicted, the official is either removed from office or censured. Impeachment followed by conviction is often the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7688266", "chunk_text": "\"Articles of Impeachment against Chief Justice Renato Corona\"\nrepublican form of government that no other department may pass upon judgments of the Supreme Court.” Corona's Answer cites the 1990 case of Maglasang vs. People, where the Court declared that “the Supreme Court is supreme—the third great department of government entrusted exclusively with the judicial power to adjudicate with finality all justiciable disputes, public and private.” In that landmark case, the High Court stressed that “No other department or agency may pass upon its judgments or declare them unjust. Consequently, and owing to the foregoing, not even the President of the Philippines as Chief Executive may pass judgment on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4919127", "chunk_text": "\"Politics of the Philippines\"\nor not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the Government. The President may issue executive orders, proclamations or other executive issuance. The Supreme Court is also vested the powers to promulgate rules concerning the protection and enforcement of constitutional rights. The Philippines adopts the dualist system in Incorporation of international law. The local legislative assemblies may enact local ordinances within their respective territorial and political boundaries in accordance to the local autonomy granted by the Local Government Code. Elections are administered by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15918100", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nhold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office.\"\" Since 1901, only Associate Justice Austria-Martinez had resigned for health reasons. In September, 2008, Austria-Martinez, citing health reasons, filed a letter to the Court through Chief Justice Reynato Puno, tendering her resignation effective April 30, 2009, or 15 months before her compulsory retirement on December 19, 2010. This was followed by Justice Martin Villarama Jr., who resigned in January 2016 due to health reasons. The powers of the Supreme Court are defined in Article VIII of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9362247", "chunk_text": "\"Supreme Court of the Philippines\"\nwith nine members: a chief justice and eight associate justices. Its decisions could be further appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C. From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel were among the first appointees to replace the American justices. With the ratification of the 1935 Constitution in a plebiscite held on May 14, 1935, the membership in the Supreme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "513820", "chunk_text": "\"Constitution of the Philippines\"\nof secret ballots and absentee voting. It also mandates a procedure for overseas and disabled and illiterate Filipinos to vote. Article VI provides for a bicameral legislature called the Congress composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It vests upon Congress, among others, the power of investigation and inquiry in aid of legislation, the power to declare the existence of a state of war, the power of the purse, the power of taxation, and the power of eminent domain. Article VII provides for a presidential form of government where the executive power is vested on the President. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6213241", "chunk_text": "\"Legal education in the Philippines\"\nSchool are of this mold), and second, simply changing the name of the degree conferred from \"\"LL.B.\"\" to \"\"J.D.\"\" while essentially retaining the same course offerings as those in the DECS Model Law Curriculum (DECS Order No. 27, series of 1989). The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines has given the Supreme Court the sole power to admit individuals to the practice of law in the Philippines. This power is exercised through a Bar Examination Committee, an ad hoc academic group tasked to formulate questions, administer proceedings, grade examinations, rank candidates, and release the results of the Philippine Bar Examination. To", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5284830", "chunk_text": "\"Commission on Human Rights (Philippines)\"\nin the Philippines. Based on the Philippine Constitution, the Commission has a broad mandate, which can be categorized into three major functional areas: The Supreme Court of the Philippines, in \"\"Cariño v. Commission on Human Rights\"\", 204 SCRA 483 (1991), declared that the Commission did not possess the power of adjudication, and emphasized that its functions were primarily investigatory. The Commission on Human Rights have the following powers and functions: The chairperson and commissioners of the commission have fixed seven-year terms, with Gascon serving as the commission's chairperson until May 5, 2022. Qualifications for CHR chairperson are as follows: In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5864642", "chunk_text": "\"Government of the Philippines\"\nautonomous regions, where the residents of the local government units have to ratify in a plebiscite their inclusion in such a setup. Government of the Philippines The Government of the Philippines () is the national government of the Philippines. It is governed as unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic and a constitutional republic where the President function as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform multi-party system. The government has three interdependent branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The powers of the branches are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9223659", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom of religion in the Philippines\"\nFreedom of religion in the Philippines Freedom of religion in the Philippines is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Philippines. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines declares: \"\"The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.\"\" (Article II, Section 6), and, \"\"No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights.\"\" (Article III, Section 5)... The Supreme Court of the Philippines, ruling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3270	who plays reggie the robot in justin's house?	n/a	[ "Ben Faulks" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4703552", "chunk_text": "\"Justin's House\"\nJustin's House Justin's House is a children's television show produced by the BBC for CBeebies. It stars host Justin Fletcher, his green Little Monster, and his humanoid general-purpose housekeeping robot Robert. Four series have Justin's House have been aired. Series 1 contained 23 episodes and was broadcast in Autumn 2011. Series 2 contained 25 episodes and aired in two halves. Episodes 1 - 12 were broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays at 11:00am and 5:00pm from 25 August - 30 September 2012. Episodes 13 - 23 were broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays from 5 January - 9 February 2013. Episodes 24", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4703556", "chunk_text": "\"Justin's House\"\nentrance, usually through one of the doors in the house. Justin's entrance usually ends of creating some mess, for instance in Series 3 Episode 17 he opens the door into Robert, which causes Robert to throw custard pies everywhere. Justin and Robert then sing the Justin's House song. The show always ends with Justin, Robert, and any special guests that featured in that episode singing a song. Justin's House Justin's House is a children's television show produced by the BBC for CBeebies. It stars host Justin Fletcher, his green Little Monster, and his humanoid general-purpose housekeeping robot Robert. Four series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15440093", "chunk_text": "\"Timothy Redwine\"\nTimothy Redwine Timothy Paul Redwine (born February 14, 1983) is an American television actor. His first TV appearance was in 1995 as \"\"Justin\"\" in \"\"Two Bits and Pepper\"\". He had the starring roles in the Disney Channel Original Movie, \"\"P.U.N.K.S.\"\" (1999) and co-starring roles in \"\"Family Secrets\"\" (2001) and \"\"The Thirteenth Year\"\" (1999). Most recently he has appeared in \"\"\"\", \"\"Step by Step\"\", and \"\"Prey\"\". He has had over a dozen TV roles, ranging from minor guest appearances to a starring role. Not appearing in any major projects since 2001, Redwine left the Hollywood atmosphere and now quietly resides in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12299531", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Jo\"\nappeared on an episode of \"\"Castle\"\". In December 2011, he was cast in a Dan Fogelman pilot, \"\"The Neighbors\"\". His character name in the pilot was Joe Montana but it was changed to Reggie Jackson before filming. Tim Jo Tim Jo (born April 20, 1984) is an American television and film actor, he is most famous for playing \"\"Reggie Jackson\"\" on ABC comedy, \"\"The Neighbors\"\". Jo made his debut in \"\"The 2 Bobs\"\" in 2009, a few weeks later, he was cast in \"\"Bandslam\"\". He joined a band after the release of the movie along with other actors, Ryan Donowho", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12299530", "chunk_text": "\"Tim Jo\"\nTim Jo Tim Jo (born April 20, 1984) is an American television and film actor, he is most famous for playing \"\"Reggie Jackson\"\" on ABC comedy, \"\"The Neighbors\"\". Jo made his debut in \"\"The 2 Bobs\"\" in 2009, a few weeks later, he was cast in \"\"Bandslam\"\". He joined a band after the release of the movie along with other actors, Ryan Donowho and Sarah Roemer called \"\"Animals of Kin\"\",<ref name=\"\"http:// Upcoming-Movies.com\"\"></ref> In 2010, he was cast in 2 episodes of \"\"Greek\"\". He was later cast in a lead role in TBS, \"\"Glory Daze\"\" playing Alex Chang. In 2011, he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14674648", "chunk_text": "\"Timothy Redwine\"\nNorthern California. He is now a devout Christian. He was born Donato Alleva. Prior to entering in the entertainment industry, his mother had his name changed to Timothy Paul Redwine. For most of his career, he used Tim Redwine as his stage name. Timothy Redwine Timothy Paul Redwine (born February 14, 1983) is an American television actor. His first TV appearance was in 1995 as \"\"Justin\"\" in \"\"Two Bits and Pepper\"\". He had the starring roles in the Disney Channel Original Movie, \"\"P.U.N.K.S.\"\" (1999) and co-starring roles in \"\"Family Secrets\"\" (2001) and \"\"The Thirteenth Year\"\" (1999). Most recently he has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16476384", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Long\"\nJustin Long Justin Jacob Long (born June 2, 1978) is an American actor, comedian and humorist known for roles in such films as \"\"Jeepers Creepers\"\" (2001), \"\"\"\" (2004), \"\"Accepted\"\" (2006), \"\"Alvin and the Chipmunks\"\" (2007), \"\"Live Free or Die Hard\"\" (2007), \"\"Alpha and Omega\"\" (2010), \"\"Tusk\"\" (2014) and \"\"Comet\"\" (2014). He played Warren P. Cheswick on the NBC TV series \"\"Ed\"\" and appeared with John Hodgman in TV commercials for Apple's \"\"Get a Mac\"\" advertising campaign. Long was born the middle son of three boys in Fairfield, Connecticut, to father R. James Long, a philosophy and Latin professor at Fairfield", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18194296", "chunk_text": "\"Preston Corbell\"\nPreston Corbell Preston Michael Corbell was born in Dallas, Texas and is an American actor, filmmaker, writer. His most notable role is the voice of the robot Casey on the children's themed web series \"\"The Casey Files\"\" released in May 2017 on Amazon Prime Video. Beginning his film career in Wilmington, North Carolina, he worked as a stand-in and photo double for Chad Michael Murray as well as the role of a recurring student on the CW's \"\"One Tree Hill\"\". His most notable role was scientist John Casey in the popular sci-fi web series IQ-145 alongside Thomas Dekker, Paul Johansson,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19486199", "chunk_text": "\"Justin (robot)\"\nprecision grasping. Justin's arms are made of carbon-fiber, which allow up to 31 pounds to be lifted on each arm. Justin is also able to make tea and coffee and hold a paper cup without splashing the liquid all over its hands. Not only can it make coffee, Justin can also do a dance from Pulp Fiction. Justin's upper body has 43 total controllable degrees of freedom, which is the number of independent factors that define the robot's configuration. It can not only pick things up from the ground, but can also reach items at a height of about 2", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4897178", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Cooley\"\nRyan Cooley Ryan Cooley (born May 18, 1988) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as James Tiberius \"\"J.T.\"\" Yorke on \"\"\"\". Prior to joining the \"\"Degrassi\"\" cast, he had a two-year run as Pleskit, the alien lead in the television series \"\"I Was a Sixth Grade Alien\"\". Cooley's other television credits include the series, \"\"Are You Afraid of the Dark?\"\", \"\"Queer as Folk\"\", \"\"Lexx: The Series\"\" and \"\"Life with Derek\"\". He has also appeared in the features \"\"Sachsenhausen 1944\"\", \"\"Toy Men\"\", Disney Channel movie \"\"The Color of Friendship\"\", the Animal Planet movie \"\"Cybermutt\"\" and CBC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4897180", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Cooley\"\nseason. Ryan Cooley Ryan Cooley (born May 18, 1988) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as James Tiberius \"\"J.T.\"\" Yorke on \"\"\"\". Prior to joining the \"\"Degrassi\"\" cast, he had a two-year run as Pleskit, the alien lead in the television series \"\"I Was a Sixth Grade Alien\"\". Cooley's other television credits include the series, \"\"Are You Afraid of the Dark?\"\", \"\"Queer as Folk\"\", \"\"Lexx: The Series\"\" and \"\"Life with Derek\"\". He has also appeared in the features \"\"Sachsenhausen 1944\"\", \"\"Toy Men\"\", Disney Channel movie \"\"The Color of Friendship\"\", the Animal Planet movie \"\"Cybermutt\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19552329", "chunk_text": "\"Adam Reid\"\nAdam Reid Adam Greydon Reid is a Canadian actor, voice actor, director, and producer. He is known for voicing Wayne on \"\"6Teen\"\" and Justin on \"\"Total Drama\"\". Adam Samuel Reid was born and raised in Nepean, Ontario, Canada, Adam began his multifaceted career in entertainment when he was twelve on the 80s CJOH cult comedy, \"\"You Can't Do That On Television\"\", which also aired in the U.S. on Nickelodeon. At sixteen, he graduated to the writing department and co-wrote thirty episodes of the show with producer/creator Roger Damon Price. He attended Sir Robert Borden H.S. and was a member of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12208256", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Pearson\"\nthe Arousal Industry\"\", and chronicles his life from childhood leading up to its release in 2010. The second is \"\"How to Lose Friends and Irritate People\"\" (2011), which describes his experiences in the world of EDM. While widely known for his performance on an episode of \"\"The Jerry Springer Show\"\" in the late 1990s, Justin has more recently taken part in numerous other acting roles. In 2014, he played the character Ricky in Asia Argento's film, \"\"Incompresa\"\". He has also done cartoon voice work on an episode of Cartoon Network's \"\"Uncle Grandpa\"\", entitled \"\"Odd-yssey\"\". In 2017, he played himself in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16947503", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Long\"\nand his co-star Emmy Rossum also produced. He had a relationship with Drew Barrymore, but they broke up in July 2008. He also dated Amanda Seyfried from mid-2013 for two years, breaking up in September 2015. Long has also dated Chvrches frontwoman Lauren Mayberry. Long endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Justin Long Justin Jacob Long (born June 2, 1978) is an American actor, comedian and humorist known for roles in such films as \"\"Jeepers Creepers\"\" (2001), \"\"\"\" (2004), \"\"Accepted\"\" (2006), \"\"Alvin and the Chipmunks\"\" (2007), \"\"Live Free or Die Hard\"\" (2007), \"\"Alpha and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10561507", "chunk_text": "\"Justin McElroy\"\n2018, he appeared in the Cartoon Hangover-produced animated mini-series \"\"Slug Riot\"\". He also provided voice commentary for the 2017 video game \"\"100ft Robot Golf\"\", along with Griffin and Travis. In September 2018, following a successful podcasting campaign, Justin, Travis and Griffin McElroy confirmed that they would be voicing characters in the film \"\"Trolls World Tour.\"\" Justin McElroy Justin Tyler McElroy (born November 8, 1980) is an American podcaster and former video game journalist. He is known for his work on podcasts (such as \"\"My Brother, My Brother and Me\"\", \"\"The Adventure Zone\"\", and \"\"Sawbones\"\"), his co-starring role in the Seeso", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8213235", "chunk_text": "\"Brandon Flynn\"\nBrandon Flynn Brandon Flynn (born October 11, 1993) is an American actor, best-known for his role as Justin Foley in the Netflix series \"\"13 Reasons Why\"\", as well as appearing as himself in the short film \"\"Home Movies\"\", and Mike the Intern in \"\"BrainDead\"\". Brandon Flynn was born in Miami, Florida, where he attended high school at New World School of the Arts. He graduated from the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University in New Jersey in 2016, with a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts. Flynn's first role was when he was ten, playing Mr. Smee in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12413312", "chunk_text": "\"Seth Green\"\nSeth Green Seth Benjamin Green (born Seth Benjamin Gesshel-Green; February 8, 1974) is an American actor, voice artist, producer, writer and director. He is best known as the co-creator, executive producer and most frequent voice on Adult Swim's \"\"Robot Chicken\"\" and has also directed the \"\"Robot Chicken\"\" \"\"Star Wars\"\" and \"\"DC Comics\"\" specials. His feature films include \"\"It\"\", \"\"Airborne\"\", \"\"The Italian Job\"\", \"\"Party Monster\"\", \"\"Can't Hardly Wait\"\", \"\"\"\", \"\"Without a Paddle\"\" and the \"\"Austin Powers\"\" series. Green is known for his roles as Chris Griffin on Fox's \"\"Family Guy\"\", Jimmy Bender on \"\"Greg the Bunny\"\" and Daniel \"\"Oz\"\" Osbourne on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1056599", "chunk_text": "\"Jerry Trainor\"\nJerry Trainor Gerald William Trainor (born January 21, 1977) is an American actor, comedian and musician. He is known for his roles in the Nickelodeon shows \"\"Drake & Josh\"\" (\"\"Crazy\"\" Steve), \"\"iCarly\"\" (as Spencer Shay), and \"\"T.U.F.F. Puppy\"\" (as Dudley Puppy). Trainor was born and raised in San Diego, California, the son of Bill Trainor and Madelyn (née McNenly) Trainor. Trainor studied improv at the Groundlings school in Los Angeles. Trainor also studied theatre at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His first television role was in the MTV series \"\"Undressed\"\" as Eric. Some of his other television credits include", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4353105", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Dillon\"\nRyan Dillon Ryan Dillon (born May 25, 1988) is an American puppeteer who has played Elmo since 2013. Dillon had previously worked as an ensemble muppeteer for the Jim Henson Company since 2005. Dillon also played Cooper Monster for the interactive series Sesame Street TV for Xbox Kinect, and appears on all 4 seasons of the new CBeebies and Sesame Street co-production, The Furchester Hotel, as Elmo. In 2017, Dillon was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in Children's Programming. Dillon was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a young puppeteer, Dillon came to the attention of \"\"Sesame", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1910081", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Griffin's House of Payne\"\nfact that Stewie is unconscious, after they accidentally bump him down a flight of stairs. The episode was written by Spencer Porter and directed by Jerry Langford. It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 7.27 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Jennifer Birmingham, Rob Lotterstein, Danielle Panabaker, Charlie Sheen, Elijah Wood and James Woods, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. \"\"Brian Griffin's House of Payne\"\" was released on DVD along with ten other episodes from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12654875", "chunk_text": "\"Justin T. Bowler\"\n20 domestic and international film festivals and won 5 awards. In the summer of 2011, Justin sang three tracks on the Wii video game \"\"The Smurfs Dance Party\"\". In the fall of 2011, Justin provided the voices of Swampy, and his nemesis, Cranky, in the Disney Interactive Studios application \"\"Where's My Water?\"\". In 2012-2013, he reprised the voices of Swampy and Cranky, in addition to the rest of the male voices, in the animated Disney series \"\"\"\". Justin T. Bowler Justin T. Bowler (born February 12, 1974) is an American actor, writer, and producer. He is best known for his", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9124159", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Francis\"\nAndrew Francis Andrew Michael Scott Francis (born May 27, 1985) is a Canadian actor and voice actor from Vancouver, British Columbia. He has appeared in many television shows and films including \"\"\"\", \"\"Lamb Chop's Play Along\"\", Hero 108, Sushi Pack, \"\"\"\", \"\"Dark Angel\"\", \"\"Twilight Zone\"\", \"\"The L Word\"\", \"\"Smallville\"\", \"\"Kyle XY\"\" and \"\"Chesapeake Shores\"\". He has also appeared in theatrical releases such as \"\"Knockaround Guys\"\", \"\"Agent Cody Banks\"\", \"\"Final Destination 3,\"\" and, more recently, \"\"The Invisible\"\". Andrew has also been voice acting since the age of 9, starring in over 20 animated series, including many anime series, such as: \"\"\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16933915", "chunk_text": "\"Randy Harrison\"\nat several film festivals. In Summer 2008, tAB shot its first feature film \"\"Lorton Lake\"\". Harrison, who is openly gay, dated \"\"Advertising Age\"\" columnist Simon Dumenco from 2002 to 2008; the two met when Dumenco interviewed Harrison for a \"\"New York\"\" magazine cover story. As of December 2009, Harrison lives in Williamsburg, Brooklyn with his cats Ella and Aggie. Randy Harrison Randolph Clarke Harrison (born November 2, 1977) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Justin Taylor on the Showtime drama \"\"Queer as Folk\"\". Harrison was born in Nashua, New Hampshire, but moved to Alpharetta, Georgia with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1734409", "chunk_text": "\"Drake Bell\"\nthe Dragonfly in Superhero Movie. He was also nominated for an award in 2014 in the Capital Twitter Awards for biggest Twitter feud with Justin Bieber. Drake Bell Jared Drake Bell (born June 27, 1986) is an American actor, voice actor, and musician. Born in Newport Beach, California, he began his career as an actor in the early 1990s at the age of five with his first televised appearance on \"\"Home Improvement\"\". Bell also appeared in several commercials, such as one for \"\"Pokémon Red\"\" and \"\"Blue\"\", but is best known for his starring roles on Nickelodeon's \"\"The Amanda Show\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12654874", "chunk_text": "\"Justin T. Bowler\"\nJustin T. Bowler Justin T. Bowler (born February 12, 1974) is an American actor, writer, and producer. He is best known for his role as the Disney character \"\"Swampy\"\" on \"\"\"\". He wrote, executive produced and starred in the short film \"\"Touch\"\", which won several film festival awards. In 2007, Justin T. Bowler starred in, co-wrote, co-produced the feature film \"\"Pool Party\"\". In 2010, Justin became a contributing writer, and reviewer for the comedic entertainment news site \"\"The Movie Guys\"\". In March, 2011, he wrote and executive produced the award winning short film, \"\"Touch\"\". The film was accepted to over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20647828", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Steele\"\nBrian Steele Brian Steele is an American actor who has had many roles as monsters and creatures on television and in films. In 2018, he appears as The Robot in \"\"Lost in Space\"\". Steele stands at 6 ft 7 in (2.01m). In 2006–2014 Steele portrayed the prank redeeming Sasquatch in over 40 \"\"Messin' with Sasquatch\"\" commercials for Jack Links Jerky. On television, Steele played the Bigfoot called Harry in the series \"\"Harry and the Hendersons\"\" before moving on to play creatures in theatrical motion pictures, with roles like Mr. Wink in \"\"\"\" wearing over 130 pounds of makeup. Steele has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5428691", "chunk_text": "\"Jay Duplass\"\nJay Duplass Lawrence Jay Duplass (born March 7, 1973) is an American film director, author, and actor widely known for his films \"\"The Puffy Chair\"\" (2005), \"\"Cyrus\"\" (2010), and \"\"Jeff, Who Lives at Home\"\" (2011), made in collaboration with his younger brother, Mark Duplass. Duplass stars in the Amazon Video comedy-drama series \"\"Transparent\"\" (2014–present), and co-created the HBO comedy-drama series \"\"Togetherness\"\" (2015–16). Duplass was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Cynthia (née Ernst) and Lawrence Duplass. He was raised in a Catholic family, and attended Jesuit High School. Duplass graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5170266", "chunk_text": "\"Geoff Peterson\"\nweek, Thomas Lennon again provided the voice of Peterson, in an alternate persona for Peterson known as Khloe Banderas. Dorsey Shaw of \"\"New York\"\" magazine's Vulture blog described Peterson as \"\"the \"\"de facto\"\" animatronic 'King of the One-Liners' for this generation\"\". Jaime Weinman of \"\"Maclean's\"\" said: \"\"I think my favorite part of that is just the decision to give this mohawked skeleton robot a name as prosaically normal as Geoff Peterson.\"\" Tom Jicha of \"\"Sun-Sentinel\"\" said that \"\"some nights he's ridiculous, verbally jousting with the robot he [Ferguson] created and named, Geoff Peterson\"\". Linda Holmes of NPR's Monkey See blog", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17501215", "chunk_text": "\"Preston Corbell\"\nin counseling from Wayland Baptist University and is currently pursuing a PhD. in clinical psychology. He received his undergrad at Texas Tech University. He sometimes makes appearances at Comic Cons where he talks about past and future projects. In 2011 Corbell started an inspirational clothing line designed around the concept of embracing life's battles. Preston Corbell Preston Michael Corbell was born in Dallas, Texas and is an American actor, filmmaker, writer. His most notable role is the voice of the robot Casey on the children's themed web series \"\"The Casey Files\"\" released in May 2017 on Amazon Prime Video. Beginning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5898687", "chunk_text": "\"Clancy Brown\"\n\"\"The Night of the Headless Horseman\"\" (1999); billionaire Maxmilian Speil in \"\"\"\"; and five of the six members of Legion Ex Machina in \"\"Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot\"\". Since 1999, he has played the role of Mr. Krabs of \"\"SpongeBob SquarePants\"\" (as well as \"\"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\"\" and its sequel \"\"\"\"). From 2000 to 2005, he played several roles (Captain Black, Ratso and the animated moose doll Super Moose) on \"\"Jackie Chan Adventures\"\". He also voiced Vice-Principal Pangborn in \"\"All Grown Up!\"\", Barkmeat in \"\"Catscratch\"\", Otto in \"\"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\"\", which also stars fellow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15614132", "chunk_text": "\"Jason Dolley\"\nchocolate Labrador retriever and his family, as well as staying active in his church youth group. Dolley currently lives with his parents in Simi Valley, California. When not acting, he takes college courses in philosophy at Moorpark College and at California Lutheran University. Jason Dolley Jason Scott Dolley (born July 5, 1991) is an American actor and musician, known for his roles in Disney Channel shows and movies. These include Newton \"\"Newt\"\" Livingston III on \"\"Cory in the House\"\", Virgil Fox in \"\"Minutemen\"\", Connor Kennedy in \"\"Read It and Weep\"\", Pete Ivey in \"\"Hatching Pete\"\", and PJ Duncan on \"\"Good", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8065915", "chunk_text": "\"Shavar Ross\"\nShavar Ross Shavar Malik Ross (born March 4, 1971) is an American actor, film director, screenwriter, film producer, editor, photographer, author, and retail entrepreneur. He is known for his recurring television role as Dudley Johnson, Gary Coleman's best friend in the NBC sitcom \"\"Diff'rent Strokes\"\", Alex \"\"Weasel\"\" Parks in the ABC sitcom \"\"Family Matters\"\", and as \"\"Reggie The Reckless\"\" in the fifth installment of the \"\"Friday the 13th\"\" movie series \"\"\"\" (1985). Ross was born in the South Bronx, New York. His parents separated when he was 6 years old. His mother took Shavar and his sister to Macon, Georgia,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5494726", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Nimoy\"\nAwards in four years, winning once, for his comedic work as a writer and producer for NFL Films Presents on ESPN and FOX. He also co-wrote the Showtime movie \"\"Big Brother Trouble\"\" (2000), and the animated series Pecola. Jeff is the second cousin once removed of Leonard Nimoy. Jeff also co-directed the English version of \"\"Felidae,\"\" in addition to having directed the English dub of Robodz and the Stitch anime series. Jeff has also starred in the online webisode series \"\"Adventures in Anime\"\" with Quinton Flynn. Jeff Nimoy Jeffrey \"\"Jeff\"\" Nimoy (born 1966) is an American voice actor and writer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5428696", "chunk_text": "\"Jay Duplass\"\ntalking with director Jill Soloway at a dinner party about the difficulty they were having finding an actor to play what would end up being Duplass' role. After suggesting many actors for the part to Soloway, Soloway turned to Duplass and told him that he should play the part. Jay Duplass Lawrence Jay Duplass (born March 7, 1973) is an American film director, author, and actor widely known for his films \"\"The Puffy Chair\"\" (2005), \"\"Cyrus\"\" (2010), and \"\"Jeff, Who Lives at Home\"\" (2011), made in collaboration with his younger brother, Mark Duplass. Duplass stars in the Amazon Video comedy-drama", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7724194", "chunk_text": "\"Mitchel Musso\"\nMitchel Musso Mitchel Tate Musso (born July 9, 1991) is an American actor, musician, and singer, best known for his three Disney Channel roles as Oliver Oken/Mike Standley III in \"\"Hannah Montana\"\"; Jeremy Johnson in the animated series \"\"Phineas and Ferb\"\"; and his Disney XD role as King Brady on \"\"Pair of Kings\"\". He was the host of Disney Channel's \"\"PrankStars\"\". In some of his other works, he voiced DJ in the computer animated/motion capture film, \"\"Monster House\"\", and starred as Raymond Figg in the Disney Channel Original Movie, \"\"Life Is Ruff\"\", released in 2005. Musso's self-titled debut album was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14931872", "chunk_text": "\"Blake McIver Ewing\"\nBlake released his equality anthem \"\"This Is Who We Are\"\" on July 14, 2015 and works as a host for AfterBuzz TV. Blake McIver Ewing Blake McIver Ewing (born March 27, 1985), also known as Blake McIver and Blake Ewing, is an American singer-songwriter, actor, model and pianist. He was known for playing Michelle's friend, Derek, on the sitcom \"\"Full House\"\". Ewing also portrayed the role of Waldo in the 1994 feature film version of \"\"The Little Rascals\"\", and voiced Eugene on \"\"Hey Arnold!\"\" during its 5th season (replacing Benjamin Diskin, Jarrett Lennon and Christopher Castile). He is currently one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5299836", "chunk_text": "\"Justin (robot)\"\nJustin (robot) Justin (also known as Rollin' Justin and Ramblin' Tin Man) is an autonomous and programmable humanoid robot with two arms, developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) at the Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, located in Wessling, Germany. Introduced in 2009, this wireless robot is controllable through telepresence, a type of technology that allows a person to feel as if he or she were present from a location other than his or her true location. Justin is intended to be mounted on its own satellite, maneuver in orbit, and repair other satellites. However, it can also be used", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2912809", "chunk_text": "Miyubi\nMiyubi Miyubi is a Canadian virtual reality film directed by Felix Lajeunesse and released in 2017. Produced by Felix & Paul Studios in conjunction with Funny or Die, the film is an immersive video comedy-drama in which the viewer experiences the dynamics of a dysfunctional family through the eyes of Miyubi, a toy robot the father purchased for his son as a birthday gift. The film's cast includes Emily Bergl, P. J. Byrne, Owen Vaccaro and Richard Riehle, as well as an unlockable hidden scene which features Jeff Goldblum as Miyubi's creator. The film was distributed to the Gear VR", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15548356", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Whalin\"\nyounger half-brother, Danny Quiros, an older stepbrother, Michael Galo-Rothman, and an older stepsister, Michele Dahlberg. He studied acting at the esteemed American Conservatory Theatre (A.C.T.) in San Francisco, and attended Lowell High School. After years of commuting between Los Angeles and San Francisco, he and his mother eventually relocated to L.A. permanently when he was fifteen years old. He completed his high school education through U.C. Berkeley's homeschooling program. Whalin is known for his appearances in such films as John Waters' cult classic \"\"Serial Mom\"\" with Kathleen Turner, \"\"Child's Play 3\"\", the Disney Channel's \"\"Susie Q\"\", and as the young", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8242871", "chunk_text": "\"Justin Chapman\"\npublications. As a professional child actor he often performed in commercials, television shows, and movies. He lives in Pasadena, California. Justin Chapman was born on September 21, 1985, in Glendora, California. He is the son of Sharon F. Green, a teacher in the Pasadena Unified School District, and Howard D. Chapman III, a handyman and computer programmer. He has two younger siblings, Galvin T. Chapman and Kelsey M. Chapman. Chapman grew up in Altadena, California. He has dual citizenship with the United States and Ireland. Chapman graduated from the Los Angeles County High School for the Arts (LACHSA), where he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4353107", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Dillon\"\nFun With Science, Math and More,\"\" \"\"Julie's Greenroom\"\", The Muppets Take the Bowl, the Nickelodeon webseries \"\"Ask Sylvia\"\" as the title character, and \"\"John Tartaglia's ImaginOcean\"\" (2010) Ryan Dillon Ryan Dillon (born May 25, 1988) is an American puppeteer who has played Elmo since 2013. Dillon had previously worked as an ensemble muppeteer for the Jim Henson Company since 2005. Dillon also played Cooper Monster for the interactive series Sesame Street TV for Xbox Kinect, and appears on all 4 seasons of the new CBeebies and Sesame Street co-production, The Furchester Hotel, as Elmo. In 2017, Dillon was nominated for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20647829", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Steele\"\nportrayed Drake Beast in \"\"\"\", Sammael in \"\"Hellboy\"\", Lycan werewolves in \"\"Underworld\"\" and \"\"\"\", William Corvinus in \"\"\"\", T-600 in \"\"Terminator Salvation\"\", Berzerker Predator in \"\"Predators\"\", and a Bigfoot in the Eduardo Sánchez horror-thriller film \"\"Exists\"\". Brian Steele has participated in multiple ultra-distance, self-supported cycling races, including the Tour Divide mountain bike race and the Trans Am Bike Race. Brian Steele Brian Steele is an American actor who has had many roles as monsters and creatures on television and in films. In 2018, he appears as The Robot in \"\"Lost in Space\"\". Steele stands at 6 ft 7 in (2.01m).", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19486205", "chunk_text": "\"Justin (robot)\"\nit would result in the humanoid robot being able to climb obstacles more easily. The next goal DLR has for TORO is to be able to make movements with \"\"foresight and fluency,\"\" like opening a heavy door or climbing stairs. These actions can be done through a dynamic process and will be part of TORO's software programs. Since TORO is a newly showcased humanoid robot, it will take a few years before these things can be finalized and perfected. Justin (robot) Justin (also known as Rollin' Justin and Ramblin' Tin Man) is an autonomous and programmable humanoid robot with two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11869023", "chunk_text": "\"Steven Kynman\"\nSteven Kynman Steven \"\"Steve\"\" Kynman (born 12 November 1971) is a British actor, voice actor and puppeteer who has worked on various shows in the UK. Kynman was born in Surrey, England. He is best known for his work in the children TV industry, such as Robert the Robot in \"\"Justin's House\"\" and for being the current voice of Sam Jones in \"\"Fireman Sam\"\". In 2012, he joined the UK and USA voice cast of \"\"Thomas & Friends\"\" as Duck, Ryan, Dart, Paxton, Peter Sam in UK and USA and Porter and Jack in the UK and both Charlie and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17009236", "chunk_text": "\"Jake Farrow\"\nJake Farrow Jacob Farrow is an American television writer and actor. He worked as a writer and producer for a number of Dan Schneider-created series, including \"\"What I Like About You\"\", \"\"Drake & Josh\"\", \"\"iCarly\"\", \"\"Victorious\"\", \"\"Sam & Cat\"\", \"\"Henry Danger\"\", and \"\"Game Shakers\"\". As an actor, Farrow is known for the role of Gavin Mitchell on the Nickelodeon television series \"\"Drake & Josh\"\", and for voicing Rex Powers a ventriloquist dummy character on the Nickelodeon television series \"\"Victorious\"\". From 2004 to 2007, Farrow played the recurring character of Gavin, a strange employee at \"\"The Premiere\"\", in the Nickelodeon series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14053008", "chunk_text": "\"Brent Morin\"\nBrent Morin Brent Morin (born August 31, 1986) is a Los Angeles-based American comedian, stand-up comic, actor and writer. He was a panelist in the sixth season of \"\"Chelsea Lately\"\" and played Justin Kearney on the NBC sitcom \"\"Undateable\"\" and the agent Hobbs on the sci-fi web-series \"\"Crunch Time\"\", on Rooster Teeth. In 2015, Morin released his stand-up comedy show, \"\"I'm Brent Morin\"\", exclusively on Netflix. Morin was born in South Windsor, Connecticut, to two inner city high school English teacher parents. Morin has an older brother, who was a concert pianist, and a younger brother, who became a professional", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7171231", "chunk_text": "\"The House (2017 film)\"\nThe House (2017 film) The House is a 2017 American comedy film directed by Andrew J. Cohen, and co-written by Cohen and Brendan O'Brien. The film stars Will Ferrell, Amy Poehler, Jason Mantzoukas, Ryan Simpkins, Nick Kroll, Allison Tolman, Rob Huebel, Michaela Watkins, and Jeremy Renner, and follows a couple that opens an underground casino in their friend's house in order to pay for their daughter's college tuition. Principal photography began on September 14, 2015 in Los Angeles. The film was released on June 30, 2017, by Warner Bros. Pictures, received negative reviews from critics and grossed $34 million worldwide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14879947", "chunk_text": "\"Brendan Beiser\"\nand directed for the 1997 Canadian Fringe Festival. He also directed the short film \"\"--Er\"\", chronicling his attempt to produce a film starring his family for a festival competition, which won the ZeD People's Choice Award at the 2003 ReelFast 48 Hour Film Festival. Beiser and White also have their own production company, called \"\"Duck, a Whale\"\". More recently Beiser has become the face of LifeWise Health Plan of Oregon's \"\"boringly good\"\" campaign. Brendan Beiser Brendan Joseph Beiser (born April 17, 1970) is a Canadian actor best known for his performance as Agent Pendrell in the science fiction television show", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "852791", "chunk_text": "\"Art LaFleur\"\nthe New York Yankees in the 1992 film, \"\"Mr. Baseball\"\". He also appeared in \"\"The Santa Clause 2\"\" in 2002, and \"\"\"\" in 2006 as the tooth fairy. In 2005, he appeared in \"\"Hostage\"\" as a deputy sheriff of Bruce Willis. In 2009, he appeared in the Direct-to-DVD film \"\"\"\" and in the Science-Fiction horror film \"\"The Rig\"\". He also appeared on \"\"House M.D.\"\" in 2005 as Warner Fitch, in the episode entitled \"\"Sports Medicine.\"\" He also appeared on \"\"Home Improvement\"\" as Jimbo in season 1 episode 7 (Nothing More Than Feelings). Art LaFleur Art LaFleur (born September 9, 1943)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14425450", "chunk_text": "\"Josh Robert Thompson\"\nJosh Robert Thompson Josh Robert Thompson (born March 11, 1975) is an American voice actor, actor, comedian, and impressionist. He is best known for his work on \"\"The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson\"\", providing the voice of robot skeleton Geoff Peterson along with numerous characters and impersonations, as well as his celebrity impersonations on \"\"Family Guy\"\" and \"\"The Howard Stern Show\"\". He appeared in a lead role in the 2014 romantic comedy \"\"Nowhere Girl\"\". Thompson is known for his celebrity impressions, including Morgan Freeman, Robert De Niro, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Matthew McConaughey. Thompson grew up in Cleveland, Ohio, \"\"raised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3271	when did the nest 3rd generation come out?	n/a	[ "September 1, 2015" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8293207", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nwas delayed until March in the United States. The Hello was launched in the UK in May 2018. Works with Nest is a program that allows third party devices to communicate with Nest products. Nest products can be controlled with the Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa virtual assistants, along with many third-party home automation platforms. Additionally, many smart device manufactures have direct integration with the Nest platform, including Whirlpool and GE Appliances. In February 2012, Honeywell filed a lawsuit claiming that some of its patents had been infringed by Nest; Nest has said that it will fight the lawsuit. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6157220", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nannounced in June 2017, and is a more premium model of their Nest Cam Indoor. It features a 4K camera sensor with HDR. It also comes with the ability to recognize and distinguish between different faces when using the Nest Aware service. It also has several minor upgrades, such as better wi-fi connectivity, brighter infrared LEDs, a more powerful speaker in addition to added microphones, and a close-up tracking view, which zooms in on action occurring within view of the camera. A weatherproof outdoor model was announced in September 2017. The indoor version of the Cam IQ also received an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9670339", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nupdate to add Google Assistant functionality to the device in 2018. Nest Secure is a home security system announced in September 2017. The system consists of Nest Guard (an alarm, keypad, and motion sensor), Nest Detect (a door/window and motion sensor), and Nest Tag (a key chain fob). The product was released in November 2017. Nest also has a partnership with Brinks Home Security for a monthly plan so that the Nest Protect system can be professionally monitored. Nest Hello is a hardwired smart video doorbell with facial recognition. The device was originally slated to launch in February 2018 but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4655899", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\noriginal Nest Thermostat. It is similar in functionality to the standard model, except with a plastic, ceramic-like bezel ring (instead of metal) and a \"\"frosted\"\" overlay for its display. Unlike the original, the screen only activates when the device is being used; these design changes are intended to make the device appear more natural within a home. The Thermostat E also does not feature as many wiring connectors as the higher-end model; Nest stated that this would make it support at least 85% of homes (as opposed to 95% for the standard model). In October 2013, Nest announced its second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9670331", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nupdates to fix bugs, improve performance and add additional features. For updates to occur automatically, the thermostat must be connected to Wi‑Fi and the battery must have at least a 3.7 V charge to give enough power to complete the download and installation of the update. The operating system itself is based on Linux 2.6.37 and many other free software components. Nest is currently available for sale in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Italy, and Spain. It is, however, compatible with many heating and cooling automation systems in other countries.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18107953", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Learning Thermostat\"\nNest E was made available to the UK in October of 2018. It has several major changes as the thermostat is stand mounted only, the Heat Link is grey and battery powered, the Heat Link loses the domestic hot water support, and lastly designed to be installed on the wall where the old thermostat was located. The Nest Temperature Sensor was added in March, 2018. Up to six of these battery operated devices can be added to a single thermostat to provide remote temperature monitoring. Nest will then use the appropriate sensor based on schedule. Since they use Bluetooth Low", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10456215", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nan additional fee. It was renamed Nest Cam Indoor following the announcement of the Nest Cam Outdoor in July 2016. Several security flaws with Nest Cam products were reported in March 2017, allowing a burglar to hack the camera's always-on Bluetooth signal and stop recording. Nest released a security update later that month that fixed the vulnerabilities. Nest Cam Outdoor was announced in July 2016, and is a version of the Nest Cam adapted for outdoor monitoring. The main differences from the Nest Cam Indoor is in its design which is built to withstand outdoor conditions. Nest Cam IQ was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9555098", "chunk_text": "\"Nest (magazine)\"\nNest (magazine) Nest: A Quarterly of Interiors was a magazine published from 1997 to 2004, for a total run of 26 issues. The first issue was Fall 1997, and the second issue was Fall 1998. Thereafter, the issues were Winter '98-'99, Spring '99, Summer '99, Fall '99, Winter '99-'00, and so on until Fall '04. The founder was Joseph Holtzman. It was published in Upper East Side, New York City. Marketed as an interior design magazine, and edited by Joseph Holtzman, \"\"Nest\"\" generally eschewed the conventionally beautiful luxury interiors showcased in other magazines, and instead featured photographs of nontraditional, exceptional,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13919263", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nNest Labs Nest Labs is an American manufacturer of smart home products including thermostats, smoke detectors, and security systems. Its flagship product, which was the company's first offering, is the Nest Learning Thermostat that was introduced in 2011. The product is programmable, self-learning, sensor-driven, and Wi-Fi-enabled – features that are often found in other Nest products. It was followed by the Nest Protect smoke and carbon monoxide detector in October 2013. After its acquisition of Dropcam in 2014, the company introduced its Nest Cam branding of security cameras beginning in June 2015. Co-founded by former Apple engineers Tony Fadell and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20959208", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Fadell\"\niPod Division on March 31, 2006. On November 3, 2008, \"\"The Wall Street Journal\"\" broke the story of Fadell's departure from Apple. While building his energy-efficient home near Lake Tahoe in California, Fadell went looking for a thermostat and was frustrated by the limited features of the devices available. Together with Matt Rogers, a former Apple colleague, he set out to redesign the traditional thermostat. In May 2010, Fadell and Rogers co-founded Nest Labs in Palo Alto, CA. Nest Labs, or Nest, is a company that designs and manufactures a sensor-driven, Wi-Fi-enabled, learning programmable thermostat, now in its third generation.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3806512", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Learning Thermostat\"\nwill unlock the system so that it will accept arbitrary code sent to it. While the thermostat software by Nest Labs itself remains proprietary, a third party has reimplemented the basic logic in an open source replacement called FreeAbode. Nest devices interconnect with each other using a protocol called Weave, which is based on IEEE 802.15.4 and Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n. Nest is available for sale in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Italy, and Spain. It is, however, compatible with many heating and cooling automation systems in other countries. Nest Labs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20723392", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Learning Thermostat\"\nEnergy they are only compatible with the E and 3rd generation thermostats. The Nest Thermostat is built around an operating system that allows interaction with the thermostat via spinning and clicking of its control wheel, which brings up option menus for switching from heating to cooling, access to device settings, energy history, and scheduling. Users can control Nest without a touch screen or other input device . As the thermostat is connected to the Internet, the company can push updates to fix bugs, improve performance and add additional features. For updates to occur automatically, the thermostat must be connected to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5436405", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nis also able to communicate with the Nest Thermostat to provide the Auto-Away feature information that someone is present in the house, as well as to shut off the furnace in the event of a fire or carbon monoxide. The Nest Protect also features a controversial Wave Silence feature to stop an alarm from sounding with a wave in the event of a potential false alarm. It is available for sale in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Ireland and the Netherlands. On April 3, 2014, sales of the Nest Protect were suspended, due to the potential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18726054", "chunk_text": "\"NEST (software)\"\nthe software changed its name from SYNOD to NEST. Until 2004, NEST was exclusively developed and used by the founding members of the NEST Initiative. The first public release appeared in summer 2004. Since then, NEST was released regularly, about once or twice per year. Since 2007, NEST supports hybrid parallelism, using POSIX threads and MPI. In 2008, the stack-based simulation language SLI was superseded by a modern Python interface, however, the old simulation language is still used internally. At the same time, the simulator independent specification language PyNN was developed with support for NEST. In 2012, the NEST Initiative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20999687", "chunk_text": "Ecobee\nThe ecobee3 lite was released on October 17, 2016. The ecobee3 lite is a less expensive thermostat that resembles the ecobee3, but does not include any remote temperature sensors. Support for remote temperature sensors was added to the ecobee3 lite in March 2017. On May 3, 2017, the company announced the unveiling of its 4th-generation product (ecobee4), which includes built-in Amazon Alexa Voice Service. The ecobee4, ecobee3 (and lite) allows the user to set different schedules each day for various modes, including home, away, and sleep. The remote sensors detect temperature and occupancy and can engage a Smart Away mode", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18107952", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Learning Thermostat\"\nand the base (pictured) houses the connection terminals, bubble level, and holes for wall anchors. Neither can function independently; if separated, the display becomes inactive until reconnected to the base. A special version of Nest is available in Europe, which is capable of controlling 230 volt heating systems. The Nest is paired with a \"\"Heat Link\"\" device, which contains the circuitry required for controlling the mains-voltage heating system. The first release was the 2nd Generation Nest thermostat which the Heat Link controlled the central heating boiler. The 3rd Generation added support for OpenTherm and for controlling domestic hot water. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "31423", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nNest Labs have surveyed existing users known to be outside the areas where it is officially available. Use of the thermostat outside the United States and Canada is complicated by the software setting time and other functions based on the ZIP code. For international users this means they must either disable Wi‑Fi to set the time correctly or use the nearest U.S. zipcode which may result in erratic behavior as the thermostat makes faulty assumptions about inactivity corresponding with either sleep or the home's occupants being away. In September 2017, Nest released the Thermostat E, a lower-priced version of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9404309", "chunk_text": "SimpliSafe\nto program a chip using custom code and precise timing to execute. At the time, there had been no reports of anyone attempting this with their system or other systems outside of “a controlled testing environment.” SimpliSafe listed several ways that their systems protect homeowners from the most common types of burglaries, along with other steps to prevent the type of situation outlined by IOActive. As of 2018, the third generation line of SimpliSafe products can be updated over the air, which would allow fixes for similar situations. In 2016, SimpliSafe integrated with the Nest Learning Thermostat. SimpliSafe released a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5436406", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nfor the alarm feature to be accidentally disabled. On June 17, 2015, Nest launched a new version of the Nest Protect. It is the first smoke alarm to bring a commercial–grade photoelectric sensor to the home; called the Split-Spectrum Sensor – it uses two wavelengths of light to spot different kinds of smoke, which helps it catch both fast and slow-burning fires quickly. Additionally, due to the long-lasting carbon monoxide sensor, the Nest Protect lasts ten years. The new Nest Protect also has a feature called App Silence which lets you silence it using your smart device if you are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11068833", "chunk_text": "Zetor\nbrand and the Company. The company continued to evolve and in 1991 the Unified Series III was launched; it underwent an innovation process at the turn of the millennium and received the ZETOR FORTERRA trade name. The Unified Series III (UŘ III.) was launched in 1992, by models 7520, 7540, 8520, 8540, 9520, 9540 and 10540, with 82-103 horsepower, presented as 'Model 92'. In 1994 it was extended by the 7320 Turbo and 7340 Turbo models. In 1997, the production of models 3321 super-7341 super turbo was launched, presented as 'Model 97'. For the ZETOR brand, the turn of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8293197", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\navailable in Belgium, France, Ireland and the Netherlands. Initially they are sold in approximately 400 retail stores across Europe with another 150 stores to be added by the end of the year. In June 2015, the new Nest Cam, replacing the Dropcam, was announced, together with the second generation of the Nest Protect. In August 2015, Google announced that it would restructure its operations under a new parent company, Alphabet Inc., with Nest being separated from Google as a subsidiary of the new holding company. The restructuring led to Tony Fadell, the Nest CEO, to announce in a blog post", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14667206", "chunk_text": "NESticle\nIn pioneering this heightened level of access for users, and providing the tools for fans to hack and remix familiar classics, NESticle has been credited by \"\"Spin\"\" as representing a milestone toward the development of video game music as a genre. While the emulator is no longer updated and has become obsolete as other emulation projects have developed and improved, NESticle remains frequently listed among prominent top tier emulators and it is still regarded as a good choice for emulation on older (486 and earlier) computers. NESticle offered its initial release as NESticle v0.2 on April 3, 1997. Its name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "31420", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nsoftware such as Google Assistant in future products. Shortly after the announcement, co-founder and chief product officer Matt Rogers announced that he planned to leave the company. On July 18, 2018, Nest CEO Marwan Fawaz stepped down. Nest was merged with Google's home devices team, led by Rishi Chandra. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an electronic, programmable, and self-learning Wi-Fi-enabled thermostat that optimizes heating and cooling of homes and businesses to conserve energy. It is based on a machine learning algorithm: for the first weeks users have to regulate the thermostat in order to provide the reference data set. Nest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3856145", "chunk_text": "Airstream\nthat was to be sold for $29,995 before the acquisition. Airstream CEO Bob Wheeler said \"\"Nest is a product that conveys sophistication, simplicity, and upscale modernity, so it made sense for us to partner and help bring this design to market.\"\" Airstream moved the company to Ohio and expanded staff for production which is underway. Airstream Nest trailers are scheduled to be available in early 2018. There are more than a dozen Airstream parks throughout the United States. These are RV resorts or campgrounds where owners of Airstream-manufactured units are allowed to buy, rent or lease a site. Some of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "864552", "chunk_text": "\"Daihatsu Boon\"\nJune 17, 2011. The third generation Sirion for the Indonesian market was unveiled at the 19th Indonesian International Motor Show in 2011. The third generation Boon and Passo was unveiled in Japan on 12 April 2016. Both were received the first update on 10 October 2018. The Passo has an improved collision avoidance support system (\"\"Smart Assist III\"\") which can grasp various information such as pedestrians, vehicles, preceding and oncoming vehicles, and obstacles and then activate various driver assistance systems such as alerting the driver or switching from low and high beam. The third generation Boon/Passo is currently the only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "840454", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nsystems, speakers, or lighting. He also predicted this percentage to grow to only 15% by 2021. Furthermore, 72% of respondents in a 2016 survey conducted by Pricewaterhouse Coopers did not foresee adopting smart-home technology over the next two to five years. On February 7, 2018, it was announced by hardware head Rick Osterloh that Nest had been merged into Google's hardware division, directly alongside units such as Google Home and Chromecast. It would retain its separate Palo Alto headquarters, but Nest CEO Marwan Fawaz would now report to Osterloh, and there were plans for tighter integration with Google platforms and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18099688", "chunk_text": "\"Tony Fadell\"\nTony Fadell Anthony Michael \"\"Tony\"\" Fadell (born March 22, 1969) is an American engineer, inventor, designer, entrepreneur, and angel investor. He served as the Senior Vice President of the iPod division at Apple Inc., from March 2006 to November 2008 and is known as \"\"one of the fathers of the iPod\"\" for his work on the first generations of Apple's music player. In May 2010, he founded Nest Labs, which announced its first product, the Nest Learning Thermostat, in October 2011. Nest was acquired by Google in January 2014 for $3.2B. Since early 2015 he led the Google Glass division,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15238232", "chunk_text": "\"Samsung Galaxy Note 3\"\nshift up, down, left, or right when pressing the Home button on their Note 3 after only 3 hours of use. In a poll conducted by Android Police, there were 2017 Note 3 users complaining that their home button was affected, but only 1150 users did not encounter this problem. Samsung Galaxy Note 3 The Samsung Galaxy Note 3 is an Android phablet smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics as part of the Samsung Galaxy Note series. The Galaxy Note 3 was unveiled on September 4, 2013, with its worldwide release beginning later in the month. Serving as a successor to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4961044", "chunk_text": "\"The Nest (1988 film)\"\ncorporation called INTEC that has been secretly breeding mutant roaches that are immune to normal insect repellants. They also seem to have the ability to assume the form of anything they kill, leading to some animal/roach hybrids and even a roach/human combo. \"\"The Nest\"\" received a limited release theatrically from Concorde Films the United States in May 1988. It was released later that year on VHS by MGM/UA Home Video. New Concorde Home Entertainment released the film on DVD in 2001 and Shout! Factory released a Blu-ray/DVD combo pack in 2013. Critical reception for the film was mixed, with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13919264", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nMatt Rogers in 2010, the company quickly expanded to more than 130 employees by the end of 2012. Google acquired Nest Labs for US$3.2 billion in January 2014, when the company employed 280. As of late 2015, Nest employs more than 1,100 and has a primary engineering center in Seattle. Nest Labs was founded in 2010 by former Apple engineers Tony Fadell and Matt Rogers. The idea came when Fadell was building a vacation home and found all of the available thermostats on the market to be inadequate, motivated to bring something better on the market. Early investors in Nest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2198835", "chunk_text": "\"R-Type III: The Third Lightning\"\nMarch 30, 2012, Europe on March 31, 2012 and North America on January 2, 2013. At the CES 2018, Retro-bit has announced that they will be re-releasing R-Type III: The Third Lightning as well as its other instalments on a multicart that will be released in May 2018 having a Standard Edition and a Limited Collector’s Edition as well. A notable difference between the Japanese and Western versions is the stage boss at the end of level 2: in the Japanese version the player is attacked at this point by large sperm-like swimming creatures, whereas the other versions replaces these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "112548", "chunk_text": "\"The Nest (TV series)\"\nThe Nest (TV series) The Nest is an Australian series that explores the phenomenon (called Peter-pan-demonium) of adult children living with their parents. The program offers insight into what a family means in this day and age. Throughout series one, a financial expert and a relationship expert provided the families with guidance and support. A second series began airing on SBS One in September 2009. The second series focuses on work/life family balance with 3 families who are workaholics and don't spend enough time with their kids. The series also examines long working hours. Performance expert Andrew May provides the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13919265", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nLabs included Shasta Ventures and KPCB. On January 13, 2014, Google announced plans to acquire Nest Labs for $3.2 billion in cash. Google completed the acquisition the next day, on January 14, 2014. The company would operate independently from Google's other businesses. In June 2014, it was announced that Nest would buy camera startup Dropcam for $555 million. With the purchase, Dropcam became integrated with other Nest products; if the Protect alarm is triggered the Dropcam can automatically start recording, and the Thermostat can use Dropcam to sense for motion. In September 2014, the Nest Thermostat and Nest Protect became", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11468934", "chunk_text": "\"PlayStation 3\"\nsuccessor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. On September 29, 2015, Sony confirmed that sales of the PlayStation 3 were to be discontinued in New Zealand, but the system remained in production in other markets. Shipments of new units to Europe and Australia ended in March 2016, followed by North America which ended in October 2016. Heading into 2017, Japan was the last territory where new units were still being produced until May 29, 2017, when Sony confirmed the PlayStation 3 was discontinued in Japan. The PlayStation 3 began development in 2001 when Ken Kutaragi, then the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20229155", "chunk_text": "\"Barnes & Noble Nook 1st Edition\"\nfor logging in to BN.com and adding new content to the device will end on June 29, 2018. The second-generation Nook, the Nook Simple Touch, was announced May 25, 2011 with a June 10 release date. This version made its debut on November 22, 2009, at a retail price of $259 and comes with built-in 3G + Wi-Fi connectivity for free access to the Barnes and Noble online store. The price was reduced to $199 on June 21, 2010, upon the release of the new Nook Wi-Fi. The final price drop was made on May 25, 2011, to a closeout", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12647731", "chunk_text": "\"Samsung Galaxy Note 3\"\nSamsung Galaxy Note 3 The Samsung Galaxy Note 3 is an Android phablet smartphone produced by Samsung Electronics as part of the Samsung Galaxy Note series. The Galaxy Note 3 was unveiled on September 4, 2013, with its worldwide release beginning later in the month. Serving as a successor to the Galaxy Note II, the Note 3 was designed to have a lighter, more upscale design than previous iterations of the Galaxy Note series (with a plastic leather backing and faux metallic bezel), and to expand upon the stylus and multitasking-oriented functionality in its software—which includes a new navigation wheel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9555100", "chunk_text": "\"Nest (magazine)\"\nRem Koolhaas called it \"\"an anti-materialistic, idealistic magazine about the hyperspecific in a world that is undergoing radical leveling, an 'interior design' magazine hostile to the cosmetic.\"\" Artist Richard Tuttle was quoted as saying that Mr. Holtzman \"\"channeled the collective unconscious, to give us the pleasure of ornament before we even knew we wanted it.\"\" Nest (magazine) Nest: A Quarterly of Interiors was a magazine published from 1997 to 2004, for a total run of 26 issues. The first issue was Fall 1997, and the second issue was Fall 1998. Thereafter, the issues were Winter '98-'99, Spring '99, Summer '99,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8277754", "chunk_text": "NESticle\nNESticle NESticle is an NES emulator, created by Icer Addis of Bloodlust Software. Released on April 3, 1997, the widely popular program originally ran under DOS and Windows 95. It was the first freeware NES emulator, and became commonly considered the NES emulator of choice for the 1990s. Initially offering few features and only supporting a handful of games, development proceeded rapidly and to expand usability such that NESticle is today credited with introducing the concept of recordable playthrough for emulation, as well as providing the capacity for users to create their own graphical hacks via an integrated graphics editor.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6870933", "chunk_text": "\"Honda Fit\"\nfacelift version. Honda gives 8-year unlimited mileage warranty on the battery. The third generation Honda Jazz was launched by Honda Prospect Motor on 26 June 2014. It is available in three types: the A, S, and E (RS), with either manual and CVT transmissions, and a special edition called Black Top Limited Edition which was launched at the 22nd Indonesia International Motor Show in September 2014. It underwent two minor changes, first in 2016 where it was fitted with a new \"\"floating\"\" audio head unit design, added padding on passenger airbag, and redesigned wheel. In 2017, the RS is fitted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6647891", "chunk_text": "\"Samsung Gear S3\"\nthe side. Its successor, the Samsung Galaxy Watch, was released 9 August 2018. The \"\"LTE\"\" models are further divided into sub-models depending on the target country and Service Provider cellular infrastructure available. Samsung Gear S3 The Samsung Gear S3 is a Tizen-based circular smartwatch developed by Samsung Electronics. It was released on 18 November 2016. The Gear S3 has two models: Classic and Frontier. The Classic has a silver watch case and black leather band, while the Frontier has a black watch case and rubber band. Both are rated IP68 (water resistant) and have GPS, as well as heart rate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "67858", "chunk_text": "HomeSeer\ncost \"\"HomeTroller-Mini\"\" was also in the works with a prototype unit debuting at CES 2011. However, the HomeTroller-Mini design was later abandoned before release because of parts availability and cost issues. In 2013, HomeSeer released HS3, a significant upgrade to the HS2 version. HS3 included an all-new JQuery web GUI, redesigned automation 'engine', multi-network Z-Wave support and new counter and timer features. A professional version, \"\"HS3PRO\"\", was also released to service the dealer channel. HomeSeer's HomeTroller Zee was also released in 2013. The Zee was based on the Raspberry Pi1 model B computer, included HS3 software and was bundled with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19681997", "chunk_text": "\"Proton Persona\"\nProton GEN•2 platform, and was sold as a saloon complement to the GEN•2 hatchback. The CM Persona replaced the Proton Wira saloon in Malaysia and the C90 Persona in its export markets. The third generation Proton Persona (BH) was unveiled in August 2016. It is based on an extended Proton Iriz platform, and is sold as a saloon complement to the Iriz hatchback. It directly replaced the nine-year-old CM Persona in its home market. The Proton Wira made its debut in the United Kingdom in November 1993, where it was sold as the 'Proton Persona'. The Persona family initially consisted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1350273", "chunk_text": "\"Novell Embedded Systems Technology\"\nNovell Embedded Systems Technology Novell Embedded Systems Technology (NEST) was a series of APIs, data formats and network protocol stacks written in a highly portable fashion intended to be used in embedded systems. The idea was to allow various small devices to access Novell NetWare services, provide such services, or use NetWare's IPX protocol as a communications system (and later also TCP/IP). Novell referred to this concept as \"\"Extended Networks\"\", and when the effort was launched they boasted that they wanted to see one billion devices connected to NetWare networks by year 2000. NEST was launched in mid-1994 countering Microsoft's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10456220", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nout of business. On May 14, 2013, Allure Energy, Inc. (\"\"Allure\"\") was issued a patent by the USPTO titled \"\"Auto-Adaptable Energy Management Apparatus.\"\" The very same day, Allure filed a lawsuit against Nest and two other defendants in the Eastern District of Texas alleging Nest was infringing their newly issued patent; the lawsuit is ongoing. On September 11, 2013, Nest announced that it entered into a patent license agreement with Intellectual Ventures. Additionally, Nest announced that it was acquiring several of Intellectual Venture's patents that will help Nest to better defend their products from patent infringement claims. It is unclear", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3806515", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Learning Thermostat\"\nwith direct debit. In June 2014, Direct Energy and Nest Laboratories expanded the package to Direct Energy's United States market. T200477 and T200577 are technically the same T200377 and T200677 are technically the same, except for the power plug used for the USB charger Nest Learning Thermostat The Nest Learning Thermostat (or Nest Thermostat) is a smart thermostat developed by Nest Labs and designed by Tony Fadell, Ben Filson, and Fred Bould. It is an electronic, programmable, and self-learning Wi-Fi-enabled thermostat that optimizes heating and cooling of homes and businesses to conserve energy. The device is based on a machine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12679647", "chunk_text": "\"Smart Fortwo\"\nits worldwide debut on July 16, 2014, having been jointly developed with Renault. The third generation is available as the 3-door 2-seater (internally designated as the \"\"C453\"\" build series) and 5-door 4-seater (internally designated the \"\"W453\"\" build series), marketed as the Fortwo and Forfour, respectively. Motor Trend reported prior to its introduction that the third generation was to share approximately 70% of its parts with the third generation Renault Twingo. The third generation Fortwo is powered by either of two 3-cylinder engines; a 1.0-litre engine producing 71 bhp, and 67 lb ft of torque and a turbocharged 0.9-litre (898 cc)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2251087", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Learning Thermostat\"\nWi‑Fi and the battery must have at least a 3.7 V charge to give enough power to complete the download and installation of the update. The Nest Thermostat has had a number of software updates. A recent security update enables two factor authentication. Many have commented on the company's \"\"Nest Community\"\" regarding the lack of prominent display of the current temperature. The operating system itself is based on Linux 2.6.37 and many other free software components. To comply with the terms of the GPLv3 license under which some components are available, Nest Labs also provides a special firmware image which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5436407", "chunk_text": "\"Nest Labs\"\nnot in the US or Canada. Also, when you are not home, the smoke detector will test itself using a built in microphone. Safety Rewards allows Nest Protect users that have their insurance through American Family and Liberty Mutual to get savings off their bill. In June 2014, Nest acquired Dropcam, maker of the Dropcam security camera. In June 2015. Nest announced the Nest Cam, an upgraded and rebranded security camera based on the Dropcam. Features are a 1080p video resolution, a rotating, magnetic stand, night vision, two-way talk, sound and motion alerts and optional Nest Aware cloud services for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "399759", "chunk_text": "\"IPhone 3GS\"\nnot implemented the HSUPA protocol). It was released in the United States, Canada, and six European countries on June 19, 2009, in Australia and Japan on June 26, and internationally in July and August 2009. The iPhone 3GS runs Apple's iOS operating system. It was succeeded as Apple's flagship smartphone in 2010 by the iPhone 4; however, the 3GS continued in production until September 2012 when the iPhone 5 was announced. The iPhone 3GS was made available for pre-order on June 7, 2009 and released on June 19 in the United States, Canada, and 7 European countries, and on June", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5796485", "chunk_text": "Myfox\nPrunet’s son, took the helm of the company as Chief Executive Officer. The company grew from its roots in Toulouse, France, to become an international company in 2014. Alongside the launch of the third generation of IntelliTAG, it expanded distribution to Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and Spain. In 2015, Myfox launched two new products, the Myfox Home Alarm and Security Camera. In June 2015, the company entered the North American market. In September 2015, Myfox announced the Myfox Home Alarm’s compatibility with the Nest Learning Thermostat and Nest Protect: Smoke and Carbon Monoxide alarm. In October 2015, Myfox announced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3272	who played cruella de vil in 101 dalmatians?	n/a	[ "Glenn Close" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2050672", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nCruella de Vil Cruella de Vil (spelled de Vil in the novel, spelled De Vil by Disney) is a character created by Dodie Smith as the main antagonist of her 1956 novel \"\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\" and in Walt Disney Pictures' animated film adaptations \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" (1961), \"\"\"\" (2003), and Disney's live-action film adaptations \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" (1996) and \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\" (2000). She was originally voiced by Betty Lou Gerson, after that, she has been voiced by April Winchell (), Tress MacNeille (TV series, two episodes), and Susanne Blakeslee (currently) and was portrayed live by Glenn Close (\"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8016505", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Lou Gerson\"\nBetty Lou Gerson Betty Lou Gerson (April 20, 1914 – January 12, 1999) was an American actress, predominantly active in radio, but also in film and television, and as a voice actress. She is best known as the voice of the villainous, selfish socialite Cruella de Vil from Walt Disney's animated film, \"\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\" (1961) for which she was named a Disney Legend in 1996. Gerson was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee on April 20, 1914, but raised in Birmingham, Alabama, where her father was an executive with a steel company. She was Jewish. She was educated in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4301094", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nby the \"\"I, Tonya\"\" director Craig Gillespie. In the \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" animated series, Cruella was voiced by April Winchell. and was based on Glenn Close's portrayal from the live-action film, but with Betty Lou Gerson's design from the animated film. She is not seen wearing clothes made out of animals, nor smoked (although in the episodes \"\"Smoke Detectors\"\" and \"\"Hail to the Chief\"\" she did) and is totally sane, yet still temperamental and impatient. Her villainous plot in the show was to steal the Dearlys' farm from them, and using the puppies as a ransom, mainly because the old widow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2187072", "chunk_text": "\"102 Dalmatians\"\n102 Dalmatians 102 Dalmatians is a 2000 American crime family comedy film directed by Kevin Lima in his live-action directorial debut and produced by Edward S. Feldman and Walt Disney Pictures. It is the sequel to the 1996 film \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\", a live-action remake of the 1961 Disney animated film of the same name and stars Glenn Close reprising her role as Cruella de Vil as she attempts to steal puppies for her \"\"grandest\"\" fur coat yet. Close and Tim McInnerny were the only two actors from the first film to return for the sequel, however. The film received negative", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "282442", "chunk_text": "\"101 Dalmatians (1996 film)\"\nof these new owners eventually surrendered their animals to pounds, where many dogs ended up being euthanized. A sequel, \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\", was released on November 22, 2000. The film's early working title was \"\"101 Dalmatians Returns.\"\" Disney is planning a live-action Cruella de Vil prequel titled \"\"Cruella\"\" directed by Alex Timbers. Marc Platt and Andrew Gunn will produce; Glenn Close is executive producer. Screenwriter Aline Brosh McKenna was set to write it, but Kelly Marcel replaced her. Emma Stone will play the eponymous role. Alex Timbers had originally signed on to direct the film, but he left the project in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12287014", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nappears during the Halloween Party. From the unsubtle symbolic name to her hideous physical appearance, Cruella's evil is overt. In 2002, \"\"Forbes\"\" ranked Cruella as the thirteenth wealthiest fiction character, citing the single 65-year-old has a net worth of $875 million, obtained through inheritance. Cruella was listed as the 39th greatest villain in American cinema in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains. Also, in Ultimate Disney's Top 30 Disney Villains Countdown, Cruella ranked #6. Glenn Close portrayed Cruella de Vil in the 1996 film \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" and its 2000 sequel \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\". The film reinvented Cruella as the vindictive,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2187081", "chunk_text": "\"102 Dalmatians\"\nthat was entitled \"\"\"\", was released in 2000, with Frankie Muniz as the voice of Domino, Molly Marlette as the voice of Oddball and Susanne Blakeslee as the voice of Cruella de Vil. Horace and Jasper also appeared in the game despite not being present in the film. 102 Dalmatians 102 Dalmatians is a 2000 American crime family comedy film directed by Kevin Lima in his live-action directorial debut and produced by Edward S. Feldman and Walt Disney Pictures. It is the sequel to the 1996 film \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\", a live-action remake of the 1961 Disney animated film of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12981579", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\non November 22, 2000. After the first live-action version of the film, an animated series titled \"\"\"\" was launched. The designs of the characters were stylized further to allow for economic animation and to appeal to contemporary trends. \"\"\"\", the official sequel to the original animated film, was released direct-to-video on January 21, 2003. Disney has announced that another live-action film is in development, but it will focus on the origin of Cruella de Vil. Emma Stone is set to play Cruella and Alex Timbers was in negotiations to direct the film. In December 2018, it was announced that Timbers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4300377", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nworthless, including dozens of her own cat's kittens. Upon a second visit to the house she picks up the mature puppies and treats them like clothing to be worn. Cruella also makes a brief appearance, albeit asleep, in Dodie Smith's sequel \"\"The Starlight Barking\"\". Disney's animated version of Cruella first appeared in 1961's \"\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\", in which she was voiced by Betty Lou Gerson and animated by Marc Davis who together crafted her into an iconic and memorable character. Disney based its version of Cruella on the personality and mannerisms of Tallulah Bankhead. The cool detachment of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6122173", "chunk_text": "\"Reina Reech\"\nReina Reech Reina Reech (born Reina Cristina Jose on February 19, 1958) is an Austrian Argentine actress, dancer, singer, choreographer, producer, and creative director. She is a naturalised Argentine and is a known \"\"Argentine\"\" vedette. Reina Reech studied classical dance, but the field started in show business as a dancer revue. Over the years became a showgirl in various \"\"magazines\"\" in Buenos Aires. In film-starred in seven films from Argentina, but always in supporting roles during the 80's. 101 Dalmatians in 1999 was on stage, playing the role of the villainous Cruella de Vil, with great success and great performance.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6843674", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\nwanted to try reading the role of Anita. Disney agreed with her after the two of them read the script for a second time. Betty Lou Gerson, who was previously the narrator for \"\"Cinderella\"\", auditioned for the role of Cruella De Vil in front of Marc Davis and sequence director Wolfgang Reitherman, and landed it. While searching for the right accent of the character, Gerson landed on a \"\"phony theatrical voice, someone who's set sail from New York but hasn't quite reached England.\"\" During the recording process, she was thought to be imitating Tallulah Bankhead. However, Gerson disputed, \"\"Well, I", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12567528", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians (franchise)\"\n\"\"101 Dalmatians\"\". A scrappy puppy tries to rescue his siblings after evil Cruella kidnaps them. 101 Dalmatians is a 1996 British-American live-action family comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Stephen Herek. It is the second adaptation of Dodie Smith's 1956 novel \"\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\" produced by Walt Disney Pictures following the 1961 animated adventure comedy film of the same name. The film stars Glenn Close as the iconic villainess Cruella de Vil, and Jeff Daniels as Roger, the owner of the 101 dalmatians. Fashion designer Anita and computer-game writer Roger meet, fall in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12567529", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians (franchise)\"\nlove and marry along with their dalmatians Perdita and Pongo. The dogs' puppies are kidnapped by Anita's boss Cruella De Vil, who is stealing young dalmatians to make the coat she has set her heart on. Pongo and Perdita set out to find and rescue all ninety-nine pups from their captors. 102 Dalmatians is a 2000 British-American live-action family comedy film directed by Kevin Lima in his directorial debut and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the sequel to the 1996 film \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" and stars Glenn Close reprising her role as Cruella de Vil as she attempts to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6326282", "chunk_text": "\"Glenn Close\"\nClose began to appear in television movies rather than doing theatrical films in the early 2000s. She returned as Cruella de Vil in \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\" (2000). Although the film received mixed reviews, it performed well at the box office. Close later filmed \"\"The Safety of Objects\"\" which premiered in 2001, a movie about four suburban families dealing with maladies. This was Kristen Stewart's first film role, and Close and Stewart would later reunite in the 2015 film \"\"Anesthesia\"\". Close starred in \"\"Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her\"\" in the same year, this would be one of many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6843673", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\nlooking \"\"through old magazines for hairdos from 1940 till now.\"\" Her coat was exaggerated to match her oversized personality, and the lining was red because \"\"there's a devil image involved.\"\" Before starring in high-profile roles such as \"\"The Birds\"\" and \"\"The Time Machine\"\", Australian actor Rod Taylor had extensive radio experience, and was cast as Pongo. The filmmakers deliberately cast dogs with deeper voices than their human owners so they had more power. Walt Disney originally had Lisa Davis read for the role of Cruella De Vil, but she did not think that she was right for the part, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4301101", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\npoisoned her father and two stepfathers. Her mother Madeline (Anna Galvin) kept her locked inside the house to prevent her from harming others. As an adult, she met Isaac (the Author) (Patrick Fischler), who was posing as a regular journalist; through him, she learned that her world, a perpetual 1920s England, was one of many. Smitten with her, the Author gave her the power to control animals. Cruella used the new power to have her mother's dalmatians kill her, and killed them and made their fur into a coat. In a struggle to prevent the Author from writing another note", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12287052", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\ndogs. The episode also included a parody of the song, \"\"Be Our Guest\"\" from another Disney film \"\"Beauty and the Beast\"\". Coco LaBouche, the antagonist of the \"\"Rugrats\"\" 2000 spin-off film \"\"Rugrats in Paris\"\", has some of the same characteristics as Cruella. In the \"\"Jessie\"\" episode \"\"101 Lizards\"\", Mrs. Chesterfield plays a role similar to Cruella de Vil. Cruella de Vil appeared in a \"\"Robot Chicken\"\" skit called \"\"101 Dalmatian Reproduction\"\" in the episode \"\"Yogurt in a Bag\"\". Cruella de Vil Cruella de Vil (spelled de Vil in the novel, spelled De Vil by Disney) is a character created by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4301097", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nand she can get the farm. When Anita goes swimming, she makes her move on him. She asks him to go swimming with her and then tries to kiss him, but her suit is deflated by the puppies' chicken friend, and she turns into a surfboard. Note: In two of the episodes of the classic \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" animated series \"\"Fungus Among Us\"\" and \"\"Close But No Cigar\"\", Cruella De Vil is voiced by Tress MacNeille instead of April Winchell who normally voices Cruella in the TV series. Cruella also appears as the main antagonist in the Broadway musical based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6843690", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\nwith an average score of 8.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"With plenty of pooches and a memorable villain (Cruella De Vil), this is one of Disney's most enduring, entertaining animated films.\"\" Cruella de Vil ranked 39th on AFI's list of \"\"100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains\"\". In the years since the original release of the film, Disney has taken the property in various directions. The earliest of these endeavors was the live-action remake, \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" (1996). Starring Glenn Close as Cruella De Vil, none of the animals talked in this version. Its success in theaters led to \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\", released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2050673", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\n\"\"102 Dalmatians\"\"), Rachel York (musical), Victoria Smurfit (\"\"Once Upon a Time\"\"), and Wendy Raquel Robinson (\"\"Descendants\"\"). The character became a pop-culture type epitomizing a person who is very, very mean. Cruella ranked 39th on AFI's list \"\"100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains\"\". Cruella's name is a pun of the words \"\"cruel\"\" and \"\"devil\"\", an allusion which is emphasized by having her country house nicknamed \"\"Hell Hall\"\". In some translations, for instance in Polish, Cruella De Vil is known as \"\"Cruella De Mon\"\", a play on \"\"demon\"\". In Italian, she is called \"\"Crudelia De Mon\"\" (a pun on \"\"crudele\"\", cruel, and \"\"demone\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12287023", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nmake them especially vicious in appearance. Some of her clothes were made out of leather or PVC, and Cruella always wore lots of makeup. Close has commented on how demanding the slapstick physicality of the role was while wearing nail-heeled boots and corsets. She was always smoking to give the appearance of a mysterious \"\"villain\"\". Close also insisted that she fall into the molasses herself for genuine acting, as opposed to delegating it to a stunt double. In \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\", while under effect of Dr. Ivan Pavlov's hypnotherapy treatment, Cruella was cured of her fur addiction and released from prison", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6326280", "chunk_text": "\"Glenn Close\"\n\"\"The Paper\"\" (1994), directed by her good friend Ron Howard. She would go on to appear in the alien invasion satire \"\"Mars Attacks!\"\" (1996) as The First Lady and as the sinister Cruella de Vil in the Disney hit \"\"101 Dalmatians.\"\" Close's portrayal of Cruella de Vil was universally praised and earned her a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a comedy. The film was also a commercial success, grossing $320.6 million in theaters against a $75 million budget. The following year, Close appeared in another box office hit with \"\"Air Force One\"\" (1997), playing the trustworthy vice president", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "721693", "chunk_text": "\"Beryl Davis\"\nBeryl Davis Beryl Davis (16 March 1924 – 28 October 2011) was a vocalist who sang with British and American big bands. Her younger sister is Lisa Davis Waltz, a teen actress in the 1950s and 1960s and later, the voice of Anita in Disney's \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\". Born in Plymouth, England to Harry Lomax Davis and Queenie Davis, she began to sing for the Oscar Rabin Band, co-led by her father and saxophonist Oscar Rabin, at the age of eight, eventually turning professional and singing with, among others, Oscar Rabin, Geraldo, and the Sky Rockets Dance Orchestra. She became popular", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2187079", "chunk_text": "\"102 Dalmatians\"\n(better known as \"\"Cruella De Vil (102 Dalmatians),\"\" sung by Camara Kambon and Mark Campbell of Jack Mack and the Heart Attack a derivation of \"\"Cruella de Vil\"\"). The film opened at the third position behind M. Night Shyamalan's \"\"Unbreakable\"\" and Ron Howard's \"\"How the Grinch Stole Christmas.\"\" The film did well at the box office, earning $67 million in the U.S. and $116.7 million overseas, bringing its total to $183.6 million worldwide. After premiering in New Zealand, the film received positive reviews and was described by media as a \"\"howling success\"\". In the United States, the film received generally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17723983", "chunk_text": "\"The 101 Dalmatians Musical\"\nand ones adopted from various rescue groups around the country. After the production has finished its run, the dogs will be put up for adoption. To achieve the novel's telling of the story from the canine perspective, actors portraying human characters were set on 15-inch stilts so that they would be taller than the canine characters, and the puppies are played by child actors. Rachel York was cast as the infamous Cruella DeVil. After a workshop in Mexico, \"\"The 101 Dalmatians Musical\"\" made its worldwide debut in October 2009 at the Orpheum Theatre in Minneapolis. As of 2010, it is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17723984", "chunk_text": "\"The 101 Dalmatians Musical\"\non a nationwide tour. On January 31, 2010, Rachel York announced on her blog that she had stepped down from the role of Cruella DeVil to pursue other projects, and that the role would be taken over by Sara Gettelfinger. The tour was originally scheduled to run through June 2010, however on March 19, 2010, the production company announced that the tour would end on April 18, 2010, when it concludes its engagement at Madison Square Garden. Lawson Taitte of the \"\"Dallas Morning News\"\" considered it \"\"grand entertainment - and a pretty good musical\"\", and felt the use of Dalmatian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17316264", "chunk_text": "\"Victoria Smurfit\"\nCrack'd from Side to Side\"\". In 2013, Smurfit costarred as Lady Jane Wetherby in the NBC television period drama \"\"Dracula\"\". In 2014, she began playing the recurring guest role of villainess Cruella de Vil on ABC's \"\"Once Upon a Time\"\". She is currently shooting for her role in \"\"Homecoming\"\", a film she has described as a \"\"mean girls for grownups.\"\" She plays Nikki, the \"\"head mean girl.\"\" Smurfit married advertising executive Douglas Baxter on 29 July 2000 in Surrey, England. She gave birth to their first child, daughter Evie Dorothy Baxter in Dublin, Ireland on 2 November 2004. A second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9938601", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\nOne Hundred and One Dalmatians One Hundred and One Dalmatians, often abbreviated as 101 Dalmatians, is a 1961 American animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the 1956 novel \"\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\" by Dodie Smith. The 17th Disney animated feature film, the film tells the story of a litter of Dalmatian puppies who are kidnapped by the villainous Cruella de Vil, who wants to use their fur to make into coats. Their parents, Pongo and Perdita, set out to save their children from Cruella, all the while rescuing 84 additional puppies that were bought in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6848720", "chunk_text": "\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\n(portrayed by Glenn Close) appears as the spoiled magnate of an haute couture fashion house, \"\"\"\"House of DeVil\"\"\"\". Disney kept the book's characters Horace and Jasper Baddun, who appeared in both versions as thieves hired by Cruella to steal Pongo and Missis' puppies. (In the novel, their names are Saul and Jasper Baddun.) Disney later created an starring three of the puppies (Lucky, Rolly and Cadpig) and a sequel film for each version (\"\"\"\" and \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\"). The novel was also adapted into a musical. The Hundred and One Dalmatians The Hundred and One Dalmatians, or The Great Dog Robbery,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12287038", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nDungey) and Maleficent (Kristin Bauer van Straten) to acquire the Dark Curse. However, he double-crossed them and left them to be killed by the Chernabog. Escaping together, Cruella joined the two in trying to get assistance from Snow White (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Prince Charming (Josh Dallas) in preventing the Evil Queen (Lana Parrilla) from casting the curse. However, the Tree of Wisdom they consulted refused to answer due to Snow's pregnancy. Along with Ursula, Cruella was asked by Maleficent to act as a guard while she went through childbirth as a dragon. As a result, Cruella was sucked into a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14441942", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nanimated film, even veering into more juvenile humor, such as Cruella falling into a vat of old molasses. Close's performance was universally well-received and her sex appeal as the character was also credited. The live-action film was not as critically successful as the animated movie, but Close's performance, as well as her costumes, by Anthony Powell and Rosemary Burrows, received appreciative attention, including a spread in \"\"Vanity Fair\"\". Claws were applied to gloves, and necklaces were made from teeth, to add to the idea that Cruella enjoyed wearing parts of dead animals. Nails were also projected from the heels to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3613799", "chunk_text": "\"Craig Gillespie\"\nbe replacing Alex Timbers (due to the latter's scheduling conflicts) as director for Disney's live-action spin-off of \"\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\"; titled as \"\"Cruella\"\", with Emma Stone set to portray Cruella de Vil. Craig Gillespie Craig Gillespie (born 1 September 1967) is an Australian film, television, and commercial director, best known for his films \"\"Lars and the Real Girl\"\", the \"\"Fright Night\"\" remake, and \"\"I, Tonya\"\". Born and raised in Sydney, Gillespie moved to New York City at the age of nineteen to study illustration, graphic design and advertising at Manhattan's School of Visual Arts. Gillespie started out as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6270876", "chunk_text": "\"Joely Richardson\"\nNeeson, when both played Nazis. In 1993, Richardson appeared in the BBC's \"\"Lady Chatterley\"\" opposite Sean Bean. In 1996, she played fashion designer Anita Campbell-Green in the Disney live-action remake of the animated \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" opposite Glenn Close as Cruella de Vil. In 1998, in the television drama \"\"The Echo\"\", she played Amanda Powell. The next year, she played in the science fiction horror film \"\"Event Horizon\"\" as Lieutenant Starck, executive officer of the research and rescue ship \"\"Lewis and Clark\"\", sent to rescue crew of the long-lost experimental ship \"\"Event Horizon\"\". One year later, Richardson appeared opposite Mel Gibson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6843692", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\nhad left directing duties for \"\"Cruella\"\" due to scheduling conflicts and will be replaced by the \"\"I, Tonya\"\" director Craig Gillespie. One Hundred and One Dalmatians One Hundred and One Dalmatians, often abbreviated as 101 Dalmatians, is a 1961 American animated adventure film produced by Walt Disney and based on the 1956 novel \"\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\" by Dodie Smith. The 17th Disney animated feature film, the film tells the story of a litter of Dalmatian puppies who are kidnapped by the villainous Cruella de Vil, who wants to use their fur to make into coats. Their parents, Pongo", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "282431", "chunk_text": "\"101 Dalmatians (1996 film)\"\n101 Dalmatians (1996 film) 101 Dalmatians is a 1996 American live-action comedy adventure film based on Walt Disney's animated 1961 movie adaptation of Dodie Smith's 1956 novel \"\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians.\"\" Directed by Stephen Herek and co-produced by John Hughes and Ricardo Mestres, it stars Glenn Close, Jeff Daniels, Joely Richardson, Joan Plowright, Hugh Laurie, Mark Williams and Tim McInnerny. Unlike the 1961 film, none of the animals have speaking voices in this version. \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" was released on November 27, 1996. It grossed $320.6 million in theaters against a $75 million budget. In its critical consensus, Rotten Tomatoes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12287050", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nStorybrooke\"\". Cruella De Vil appears in the 2015 Disney Channel Original Movie \"\"Descendants\"\". She is portrayed by actress Wendy Raquel Robinson. Along with other villains, Cruella has been exiled to the Isle of the Lost, where she has lived for at least twenty years. She has a 14-year-old son, Carlos, whom she abuses and treats like a servant, making him sleep near the bear traps she uses to guard her fur coats. Cruella de Vil has become one of the most recognizable literary and film villains, and as such as featured prominently in popular culture: In \"\"The Simpsons\"\" episode \"\"Two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2187078", "chunk_text": "\"102 Dalmatians\"\nProduction began in December 1998 and ended in mid-November 1999. The film was set to be released on June 30, 2000, but was pushed back to November 22, 2000. Oxford Prison was used for the scene as Cruella walked out of prison. \"\"102 Dalmatians\"\" was filmed partially in Paris. On November 7, 2000, Disney released the soundtrack to the movie, including pre-eminently, a cover of Paul Anka's \"\"Puppy Love\"\" (sung by Myra) and original songs: Mike Himelstein's \"\"What Can a Bird Do?\"\" (voiced by Jeff Bennett), \"\"My Spot in the World\"\" (sung by Lauren Christy) and \"\"Cruella De Vil 2000\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9938611", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\nwhat I did on \"\"Dalmatians\"\" wasn't so bad. That was the last time I ever saw him. Then, a few weeks later, I learned he was gone. As with the previous Disney films, actors provided live-action reference in order to determine what would work before the animation process begun. Actress Helene Stanley performed the live-action reference for the character of Anita. She did the same work for the characters of Cinderella and Princess Aurora in \"\"Sleeping Beauty\"\". Meanwhile, Mary Wickes provided the live-action reference for Cruella de Vil. Marc Davis was the sole animator on Cruella De Vil. During production,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "282443", "chunk_text": "\"101 Dalmatians (1996 film)\"\nDecember 2018 due to scheduling conflicts and will be replaced by the \"\"I, Tonya\"\" director Craig Gillespie. 101 Dalmatians (1996 film) 101 Dalmatians is a 1996 American live-action comedy adventure film based on Walt Disney's animated 1961 movie adaptation of Dodie Smith's 1956 novel \"\"The Hundred and One Dalmatians.\"\" Directed by Stephen Herek and co-produced by John Hughes and Ricardo Mestres, it stars Glenn Close, Jeff Daniels, Joely Richardson, Joan Plowright, Hugh Laurie, Mark Williams and Tim McInnerny. Unlike the 1961 film, none of the animals have speaking voices in this version. \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" was released on November 27, 1996.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12978567", "chunk_text": "\"101 Dalmatians (1996 film)\"\nRoger designs a successful video game featuring dalmatian puppies as the protagonists and Cruella as the villain and they move to the countryside with their millions. Roger and Anita have a baby daughter, and a year later the puppies have grown up with puppies of their own. The animatronic creatures used in the film are provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. Minster Court was used as the exterior of Cruella De Vil's fashion house. Sarum Chase was used as the exterior of her home. Cruella De Vil's car is a modified 1974 Panther De Ville. \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" was released on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4001367", "chunk_text": "\"Miriam Díaz Aroca\"\non theater, she took part in the Festival of Classical Theatre of Mérida in 2007 with the play \"\"Lysistrata\"\"; she starred in the \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" theater adaptation as Cruella de Vil; in 2009 she starred with María Barranco in the play \"\"Adulterios\"\"; and participated in 2011 with Maria Luisa Merlo and Jorge Roelas in the play \"\"100 metros cuadrados\"\" of Juan Carlos Rubio. She is the writer of the show Madame Noir of Monica Naranjo (2011). In the fourth and final week of January 2003 she was the cover of Interviú magazine. Miriam Díaz Aroca Margarita Miriam Díaz Aroca (b.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12567532", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians (franchise)\"\nthe script for \"\"Saving Mr. Banks\"\" and \"\"Fifty Shades of Grey\"\" will instead write the film. On April 25, 2016, it was confirmed that Emma Stone accepted the titular role. On December 14, 2016, it was announced that Marc Platt will also produce the film while Alex Timbers is in negotiations to direct it, which will be an origin story set in the 1980s. is an animated television series produced by Disney Television Animation in association with Jumbo Pictures, and ran from 1997-8. It is based upon the 1961 Disney animated comedy feature and its 1996 live-action remake. \"\"101 Dalmatians:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "282435", "chunk_text": "\"101 Dalmatians (1996 film)\"\nSeveral weeks later, she returns when a litter of 15 puppies are born and offers Roger and Anita £7,500 for them, but they refuse. Enraged, Cruella dismisses Anita and vows revenge against her and Roger. One winter evening, she has her henchmen, Jasper and Horace break into their home and steal the puppies, while Roger and Anita are walking in the park with Pongo and Perdy. Along with 84 other dalmatians that were previously stolen, they deliver them to her ancient country estate, De Vil Mansion. Jasper and Horace also asks Skinner to kill and skin them to create her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16367177", "chunk_text": "\"Mincing Lane\"\nappeared briefly in Disney's 1996 live-action movie \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" as the exterior of Cruella De Vil's haute couture fashion house, \"\"\"\"House of DeVil\"\"\"\". It also appeared as the location of the architectural practice of Peter Manson (played by Trevor Eve) in the 2010 remake of \"\"Bouquet of Barbed Wire\"\". Situated in No. 3 Minster Court, the London Underwriting Centre (LUC) is intended to run in parallel with the Underwriting Room at Lloyd's of London, providing a facility for insurance underwriters to meet brokers at a single venue (the Lloyd's building itself being only open to Lloyd's syndicate underwriters). The LUC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3434230", "chunk_text": "\"Jeff Daniels\"\nowing to his status as a dramatic actor. That same year Daniels appeared with Keanu Reeves in the action blockbuster \"\"Speed\"\"; the film was an enormous hit, grossing over $350 million at the box office. Daniels would then host \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" a second time before the release of the 1996 Disney live-action remake of \"\"101 Dalmatians.\"\" Daniels starred as the owner of a litter of dalmatians stolen by the evil Cruella De Vil (Glenn Close). The film was successful, grossing $320 million. Also in 1996 was the family hit film \"\"Fly Away Home\"\" with Daniels as the supportive single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6843676", "chunk_text": "\"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\"\nlyrics and music. Previously, Leven had composed songs for the UPA animation studio in which animators, whom transferred to work at Disney, had recommended him to Walt. His first assignment was to compose \"\"Cruella de Vil\"\", in which Leven composed three versions of. The final version used in the film was composed as a \"\"bluesy number\"\" prior to a meeting with Walt in forty-five minutes. The other two songs included the film are \"\"Kanine Krunchies Jingle\"\" (sung by Lucille Bliss, who voiced Anastasia Tremaine in Disney's 1950 film \"\"Cinderella\"\"), and \"\"Dalmatian Plantation\"\" in which only two lines are sung by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6062208", "chunk_text": "\"Alex Timbers\"\n\"\"Maleficent\"\", along with a list of other live-action adaptations of classic Disney films. Emma Stone is cast to portray Cruella de Vil. In December 2018, it was announced that Timbers will no longer be directing \"\"Cruella\"\" due to scheduling conflicts and will be replaced by the \"\"I, Tonya\"\" director Craig Gillespie. Alex Timbers Alex Timbers (born August 7, 1978) is an American two-time Tony-nominated writer and director and the recipient of Golden Globe, Drama Desk, Outer Critics Circle, and London Evening Standard Awards, as well as two OBIE and Lucile Lortel Awards. His Broadway directing credits include \"\"Rocky\"\", \"\"Peter and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4301093", "chunk_text": "\"Cruella de Vil\"\nliterally baked into a massive cake and arrested along with Le Pelt, both being sentenced to life in prison for their actions. A live-action Cruella de Vil film is in development by Disney. Screenwriter Aline Brosh McKenna most known for writing \"\"The Devil Wears Prada\"\" is set to write the film for Disney, with Andrew Gunn as the producer, and Alex Timbers as director while Emma Stone is set to play the role. In December 2018, it was announced that Timbers will no longer be directing the live-action Cruella de Vil film due to scheduling conflicts and will be replaced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2800133", "chunk_text": "\"Gay icon\"\nRussia especially in the gay community where she is considered as a true icon. Glenn Close was established as a gay icon after portraying Margarethe Cammermeyer in \"\"\"\" (1995). She gained more recognition through her campy portrayal of the glamorous Cruella de Vil in \"\"101 Dalmatians\"\" (1996) and as the fading diva Norma Desmond in the Broadway musical \"\"Sunset Boulevard\"\". Garth Brooks, whose sister is openly lesbian, was one of the first non-LGBT male artists to openly back gay rights, and later same-sex marriage. The Spice Girls became gay icons during the 1990s, on account of their dance-pop sound, flamboyant", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2187073", "chunk_text": "\"102 Dalmatians\"\nreviews but was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Costume Design, losing to \"\"Gladiator.\"\" After three years in prison, Cruella de Vil has been cured of her desire for fur coats by Dr. Pavlov and is released into the custody of the probation office on the provision that she will be forced to pay the remainder of her fortune (eight million pounds) to all the dog shelters in the borough of Westminster should she repeat her crime. Cruella therefore mends her working relationship with her valet Alonzo and has him lock away all her fur coats. Cruella's probation officer,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3273	name two fibres which are made of proteins?	n/a	[ "feathers", "hair", "wool", "fur", "silk" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11783969", "chunk_text": "\"Natural fiber\"\nover clothing made of synthetic fibers by people living in hot and humid climates. Natural fibers are made from plant, animal, and mineral sources. Natural fibers can be classified according to their origin. Animal fibers generally comprise proteins such as collagen, keratin and fibroin; examples include silk, sinew, wool, catgut, angora, mohair and alpaca. Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world, with collagen being the first. It is a “linear polysaccharide of β-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose”. Chitin is highly crystalline and is usually composed of chains organized in a β sheet. Due to its high crystallinity and chemical structure,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11783983", "chunk_text": "\"Natural fiber\"\nImplanting something made from naturally synthesized proteins, such as a keratin based implant, has the potential to be recognized as natural tissue by the body. This can lead either to integration in rare cases where the structure of the implant promotes regrowth of tissue with the implant forming a superstructure or degradation of the implant in which the backbones of the proteins are recognized for cleavage by the body. Natural fiber Natural fibers or natural fibres (see spelling differences) are fibres that are produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They can be used as a component of composite materials,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "276431", "chunk_text": "\"Animal fiber\"\nsoft, fine wool, while Cotswold is coarser, and yet both merino and Cotswold are types of sheep. This comparison can be continued on the microscopic level, comparing the diameter and structure of the fiber. With animal fibers, and natural fibers in general, the individual fibers look different, whereas all synthetic fibers look the same. This provides an easy way to differentiate between natural and synthetic fibers under a microscope. Silk is a \"\"natural\"\" protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons made by the larvae of the silkworm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6384298", "chunk_text": "Fibroin\nFibroin Fibroin is an insoluble protein present in silk created by spiders, the larvae of \"\"Bombyx mori\"\", other moth genera such as \"\"Antheraea\"\", \"\"Cricula\"\", \"\"Samia\"\" and \"\"Gonometa\"\", and numerous other insects. Silk in its raw state consists of two main proteins, sericin and fibroin, with a glue-like layer of sericin coating two singular filaments of fibroin called brins. The fibroin protein consists of layers of antiparallel beta sheets. Its primary structure mainly consists of the recurrent amino acid sequence (Gly-Ser-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala). The high glycine (and, to a lesser extent, alanine) content allows for tight packing of the sheets, which contributes to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17183876", "chunk_text": "\"Synthetic fiber\"\nSynthetic fiber Synthetic fibers (British English: synthetic fibres) are fibers made by humans with chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that humans get from living organisms with little or no chemical changes. They are the result of extensive research by scientists to improve on naturally occurring animal fibers and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by extruding fiber-forming materials through spinnerets into air and water, forming a thread. These fibers are called synthetic or artificial fibers. Some fibers are manufactured from plant-derived cellulose and are thus semisynthetic, whereas others are totally synthetic, being made from crudes and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11783967", "chunk_text": "\"Natural fiber\"\nNatural fiber Natural fibers or natural fibres (see spelling differences) are fibres that are produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They can be used as a component of composite materials, where the orientation of fibers impacts the properties. Natural fibers can also be matted into sheets to make products such as paper, felt or fabric. The earliest evidence of humans using fibers is the discovery of wool and dyed flax fibers found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP. Natural fibers can be used for high-tech applications, such as composite parts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10085755", "chunk_text": "Fibroin\nan interface (i.e. air-water interface, water-oil interface, etc.). Many species of \"\"Amycolatopsis\"\" and \"\"Saccharotrix\"\" bacteria are able to degrade both silk fibroin and polylactic acid. Fibroin Fibroin is an insoluble protein present in silk created by spiders, the larvae of \"\"Bombyx mori\"\", other moth genera such as \"\"Antheraea\"\", \"\"Cricula\"\", \"\"Samia\"\" and \"\"Gonometa\"\", and numerous other insects. Silk in its raw state consists of two main proteins, sericin and fibroin, with a glue-like layer of sericin coating two singular filaments of fibroin called brins. The fibroin protein consists of layers of antiparallel beta sheets. Its primary structure mainly consists of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12544772", "chunk_text": "Microfibril\nMicrofibril A microfibril is a very fine fibril, or fiber-like strand, consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose. It is usually, but not always, used as a general term in describing the structure of protein fiber, e.g. hair and sperm tail. Its most frequently observed structural pattern is the 9+2 pattern in which two central protofibrils are surrounded by nine other pairs. Cellulose inside plants is one of the examples of non-protein compounds that are using this term with the same purpose. Cellulose microfibrils are laid down in the inner surface of the primary cell wall. As the cell absorbs water, its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3068785", "chunk_text": "\"Synthetic fiber\"\nthat are made from older artificial materials include: Synthetic fiber Synthetic fibers (British English: synthetic fibres) are fibers made by humans with chemical synthesis, as opposed to natural fibers that humans get from living organisms with little or no chemical changes. They are the result of extensive research by scientists to improve on naturally occurring animal fibers and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by extruding fiber-forming materials through spinnerets into air and water, forming a thread. These fibers are called synthetic or artificial fibers. Some fibers are manufactured from plant-derived cellulose and are thus semisynthetic, whereas others", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6528035", "chunk_text": "Textile\nTextile A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread). Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, hemp, or other materials to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, felting, or braiding. The related words \"\"fabric\"\" and \"\"cloth\"\" are often used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoring and dressmaking) as synonyms for \"\"textile\"\". However, there are subtle differences in these terms in specialized usage. A \"\"textile\"\" is any material made of interlacing fibres, including carpeting and geotextiles. A \"\"fabric\"\" is a material", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11783973", "chunk_text": "\"Natural fiber\"\nKeratin is a structural protein located at the hard surfaces in many vertebrates. Keratin has two forms, α-keratin and β-keratin and are used by different classes of animals. The naming convention for proteins follows that for keratin, alpha keratin is helical and beta keratin is sheet like. Alpha keratin is found in mammalian hair, skin, nails, horn and quills, while beta keratin can be found in avian and reptilian species in scales, feathers, and beaks. The two different structures of keratin have dissimilar mechanical properties, as seen in their dissimilar applications. The relative alignment of the keratin fibrils has a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11783979", "chunk_text": "\"Natural fiber\"\nof 2010, most synthetic polymer nanocomposites exhibit inferior toughness and mechanical properties compared to biological nanocomposites. Completely synthetic nanocomposites do exist, however nanosized biopolymers are also being tested in synthetic matrices. Several types of protein based, nanosized fibers are being used in nanocomposites. These include collagen, cellulose, chitin and tunican. These structural proteins must be processed before use in composites. To use cellulose as an example, semicrystalline microfibrils are sheared in the amorphous region, resulting in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). These small, crystalline cellulose fibrils are at this points reclassified as a whisker and can be 2 to 20 nm in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10178238", "chunk_text": "\"Sustainable fashion\"\nso-called eco-fashions. Protein fibers originate from animal sources and are made up of protein molecules. The basic elements in these protein molecules being carbon, hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen. Natural protein fibers include: wool, silk, angora, camel, alpaca, llama, vicuna, cashmere, and mohair. Fibers manufactured from natural materials include: Lyocell and polylactic acid (PLA). Recycled or reclaimed fibers are made from scraps of fabrics collected from clothing factories, which are processed back into short fibers for spinning into a new yarn. There are only a few facilities globally that are able to process the clippings. Variations range from a blend of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17394826", "chunk_text": "\"Spider silk\"\nfibres. The results show that ordered regions (i) mainly reorient by deformation for low-stretched fibres and (ii) the fraction of ordered regions increases progressively for higher stretching of the fibres. Various compounds other than protein are found in spider silks, such as sugars, lipids, ions, and pigments that might affect the aggregation behaviour and act as a protection layer in the final fibre. The production of silks, including spider silk, differs in an important aspect from the production of most other fibrous biological materials: rather than being continuously grown as keratin in hair, cellulose in the cell walls of plants,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13067903", "chunk_text": "Azlon\nAzlon Azlon is a synthetic textile fiber composed of protein material derived from natural sources such as soy, peanut, milk or corn. Currently it is used in clothing. Under the \"\"Textile Labelling and Advertising Regulations\"\", Section 26(f), Azlon is defined as any fiber made from regenerated protein. The name \"\"Azlon\"\" is regulated by the Federal Trade Commission, § 303.7(g) \"\"Rules and Regulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act\"\". However, there is currently no domestic production. Azlon is the common generic name for all man-made protein fibers. Aralac was a registered trademark of Aralac, Inc., a division of National Dairy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6879056", "chunk_text": "Sericin\nSericin Sericin is a protein created by \"\"Bombyx mori\"\" (silkworms) in the production of silk. Silk is a fibre produced by the silkworm in production of its cocoon. It consists mainly of two proteins, fibroin and sericin. Silk consists of 70–80% fibroin and 20–30% sericin; fibroin being the structural center of the silk, and sericin being the gum coating the fibres and allowing them to stick to each other. Composed structurally of 18 different amino acids, and 32% serine, in most commonly, a randomized amorphous coil. When in the amorphous coil, sericin can also be easily be converted into a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16317081", "chunk_text": "Textile\npotential toxicity, are concerned. Testing for these additives is possible at a number of commercial laboratories, it is also possible to have textiles tested for according to the Oeko-tex certification standard which contains limits levels for the use of certain chemicals in textiles products. Textile A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread). Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, hemp, or other materials to produce long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, felting, or braiding. The related words \"\"fabric\"\" and \"\"cloth\"\" are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12337152", "chunk_text": "Yarn\nfelt, stain, shed, fade, stretch, wrinkle, or be eaten by moths more readily, unless special treatments such as mercerization or superwashing are performed to strengthen, fix color, or otherwise enhance the fiber's own properties. Protein yarns (i.e., hair, silk, feathers) may also be irritating to some people, causing contact dermatitis, hives, wheezing, or other reactions. Plant fibers tend to be better tolerated by people with sensitivities to the protein yarns, and allergists may suggest using them or synthetics instead to prevent symptoms. Some people find that they can tolerate organically grown and processed versions of protein fibers, possibly because organic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2538747", "chunk_text": "\"Meat analogue\"\nand fiber models. “Silk” fibers are characterized by its relatively high content of alanine, glycine, and serine; these make up over 80% of the protein residue. In order to give sufficient cohesion to resist flow, these protein chains form a tight fit over a large area. The proximity of the chains allows for firm hydrogen bonding to occur along the peptide bonds of the chain backbone. Although hydrogen bonds are relatively weak non-covalent interaction, the sheer quantity of them increases their overall effectiveness in maintaining the structure. The “wool” model is the more important model of the two as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13645279", "chunk_text": "\"Cellulose fiber\"\ninteraction with water or any other solvent. Cotton and wood, for example, are completely insoluble in water and have considerable mechanical strength. Since cellulose does not have a helical structure like amylose, it does not bind to iodine to form a colored product. Manufactured cellulose fibers come from plants that are processed into a pulp and then extruded in the same ways that synthetic fibers like polyester or nylon are made. Rayon or viscose is one of the most common \"\"manufactured\"\" cellulose fibers, and it can be made from wood pulp. Natural fibers are composed by microfibrils of cellulose in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10088366", "chunk_text": "\"Elastic fiber\"\nElastic fiber Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan. Elastic tissue is classified as \"\"connective tissue proper\"\". The elastic fiber is formed from the elastic microfibril (consisting of numerous proteins such as microfibrillar-associated glycoproteins, fibrillin, fibullin, and the elastin receptor) and amorphous elastin. The microfibril scaffolds and organizes the deposition of amorphous elastin. Amorphous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6934245", "chunk_text": "Fibril\nand hence the whole muscle. Elastin is a fibrous protein common in various soft tissues, like skin, blood vessels and lung tissue. Each monomer connects with each other, forming a 3D network, with ability to endure over 200% strain before deformation. Keratin is a structural protein mainly found in hair, nails, hooves, horns, quills. Basically keratin is formed by polypeptide chains, which coil into α-helices with sulfur cross-links or bond into β-sheets linked by hydrogen bonding. β-keratin, which is tougher than α-conformation, is more common in birds and reptiles. Resilin is an elastomeric insect protein, consisting of both α-helices and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10261201", "chunk_text": "\"Dietary fiber\"\nmay increase insulin sensitivity in healthy people, in type 2 diabetics, and in individuals with insulin resistance, possibly contributing to reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. Not yet formally proposed as an essential macronutrient, dietary fiber has importance in the diet, with regulatory authorities in many developed countries recommending increases in fiber intake. Dietary fiber has distinct physicochemical properties. Most semi-solid foods, fiber and fat are a combination of gel matrices which are hydrated or collapsed with microstructural elements, globules, solutions or encapsulating walls. Fresh fruit and vegetables are cellular materials. Following a meal, the stomach and upper gastrointestinal contents", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13662153", "chunk_text": "Silk\nSilk Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm \"\"Bombyx mori\"\" reared in captivity (sericulture). The shimmering appearance of silk is due to the triangular prism-like structure of the silk fibre, which allows silk cloth to refract incoming light at different angles, thus producing different colors. Silk is produced by several insects, like silk worms but generally only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "577040", "chunk_text": "\"Dietary fiber\"\nDietary fiber Dietary fiber or roughage is the portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely broken down by digestive enzymes. It has two main components: Dietary fiber consists of non-starch polysaccharides and other plant components such as cellulose, resistant starch, resistant dextrins, inulin, lignins, chitins, pectins, beta-glucans, and oligosaccharides. Dietary fibers can act by changing the nature of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract and by changing how other nutrients and chemicals are absorbed. Some types of soluble fiber absorb water to become a gelatinous, viscous substance which may or may not be fermented by bacteria in the digestive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6528041", "chunk_text": "Textile\nfibre), and synthetic (nylon, polyester, acrylic). The first three are natural. In the 20th century, they were supplemented by artificial fibres made from petroleum. Textiles are made in various strengths and degrees of durability, from the finest microfibre made of strands thinner than one denier to the sturdiest canvas. Textile manufacturing terminology has a wealth of descriptive terms, from light gauze-like gossamer to heavy grosgrain cloth and beyond. Animal textiles are commonly made from hair, fur, skin or silk (in the silkworms case). Wool refers to the hair of the domestic goat or sheep, which is distinguished from other types", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4802344", "chunk_text": "Fiber\nCellulose fibers are a subset of man-made fibers, regenerated from natural cellulose. The cellulose comes from various sources: rayon from tree wood fiber, Modal from beech trees, bamboo fiber from bamboo, seacell from seaweed, etc. In the production of these fibers, the cellulose is reduced to a fairly pure form as a viscous mass and formed into fibers by extrusion through spinnerets. Therefore, the manufacturing process leaves few characteristics distinctive of the natural source material in the finished products. Some examples of this fiber type are: Historically, cellulose diacetate and -triacetate were classified under the term rayon, but are now", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1235432", "chunk_text": "\"Animal fiber\"\nAnimal fiber Animal fibers are natural fibers that consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are silk, hair/fur (including wool) and feathers. The animal fibers used most commonly both in the manufacturing world as well as by the hand spinners are wool from domestic sheep and silk. Also very popular are alpaca fiber and mohair from Angora goats. Unusual fibers such as Angora wool from rabbits and Chiengora from dogs also exist, but are rarely used for mass production. Not all animal fibers have the same properties, and even within a species the fiber is not consistent. Merino is a very", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9932884", "chunk_text": "Wool\nWool Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, from hide and fur clothing from bison, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids; additionally, the Highland and the Mangalica breeds of cattle and swine, respectively, possess wooly coats. Wool consists of protein together with a few percent lipids. In this regard it is chemically quite distinct from the more dominant textile, cotton, which is mainly cellulose. Wool is produced by follicles which are small cells located in the skin. These follicles are located in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6339177", "chunk_text": "Fibrolane\nFibrolane Fibrolane was the brand name of a regenerated protein fibre produced by Courtaulds Ltd. in Coventry (UK) during the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s. It was made from the milk protein casein dissolved in alkali and regenerated by spinning the resulting dope into an acid bath using technology similar to that of viscose rayon production. The fibre was produced as staple, tow or stretch-broken tow (\"\"tops\"\"), mainly for blending with wool. It had a warm, soft handle and could be converted into fine yarns and soft fabrics. Small amounts of Fibrolane could be added to wool to improve the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13561605", "chunk_text": "Scleroprotein\nthese can form unusual secondary structures, such as a collagen helix. The structures often feature cross-links between chains (e.g., cys-cys disulfide bonds between keratin chains). Scleroproteins tend not to denature as easily as globular proteins. Miroshnikov et al. (1998) are among the researchers who have attempted to synthesize fibrous proteins. Scleroprotein Scleroproteins or fibrous proteins constitute one of the three main types of proteins (alongside globular and membrane proteins). There are many scleroprotein superfamilies including keratin, collagen, elastin, and fibroin. The roles of such proteins include protection and support, forming connective tissue, tendons, bone matrices, and muscle fiber. A scleroprotein", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4802345", "chunk_text": "Fiber\nconsidered distinct materials. Synthetic come entirely from synthetic materials such as petrochemicals, unlike those man-made fibers derived from such natural substances as cellulose or protein. Fiber classification in reinforced plastics falls into two classes: (i) short fibers, also known as discontinuous fibers, with a general aspect ratio (defined as the ratio of fiber length to diameter) between 20 and 60, and (ii) long fibers, also known as continuous fibers, the general aspect ratio is between 200 and 500. Metallic fibers can be drawn from ductile metals such as copper, gold or silver and extruded or deposited from more brittle ones,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11821850", "chunk_text": "\"Bast fibre\"\nfibres, and are flexible. Fibres from monocotyledonous plants, called \"\"leaf fibre\"\", are classified as hard fibres and are stiff. Since the valuable fibres are located in the phloem, they must often be separated from the xylem material (\"\"woody core\"\"), and sometimes also from the epidermis. The process for this is called retting, and can be performed by micro-organisms either on land (nowadays the most important) or in water, or by chemicals (for instance high pH and chelating agents) or by pectinolytic enzymes. In the phloem, bast fibres occur in bundles that are glued together by pectin and calcium ions. More", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7366565", "chunk_text": "\"Curran (material)\"\nCurran (material) Curran is a material based on cellulose nanofibers from sugarbeet, carrots, or other tubers, extracted from food industry waste. Its fibers are twice as strong as carbon fibers and hold promise for a wide range of industrial and technological applications. The material is produced and marketed by the Scottish company Cellucomp. According to the company, curran is gaelic for carrot, another source of the material. The material was developed by Dr David Hepworth and Dr Eric Whale. Curran fibres are promoted as \"\"strong, stiff and light\"\" and a possible replacement for carbon fiber in composite materials. The material", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6875908", "chunk_text": "\"Stress fiber\"\nStress fiber Stress fibers are contractile actin bundles found in non-muscle cells. They are composed of actin (microfilaments) and non-muscle myosin II (NMMII), and also contain various crosslinking proteins, such as α-actinin, to form a highly regulated actomyosin structure within non-muscle cells. Stress fibers have been shown to play an important role in cellular contractility, providing force for a number of functions such as cell adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. Stress fibers are primarily composed of actin and myosin. Actin is a ~43kDa globular protein, and can polymerize to form long filamentous structures.These filaments are made of two strands of actin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6875922", "chunk_text": "\"Stress fiber\"\nStress fiber Stress fibers are contractile actin bundles found in non-muscle cells. They are composed of actin (microfilaments) and non-muscle myosin II (NMMII), and also contain various crosslinking proteins, such as α-actinin, to form a highly regulated actomyosin structure within non-muscle cells. Stress fibers have been shown to play an important role in cellular contractility, providing force for a number of functions such as cell adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. Stress fibers are primarily composed of actin and myosin. Actin is a ~43kDa globular protein, and can polymerize to form long filamentous structures.These filaments are made of two strands of actin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20624736", "chunk_text": "Casein\nin buttons. Fiber can be made from extruded casein. Lanital, a fabric made from casein fiber (known as Aralac in the United States), was particularly popular in Italy during the 1930s. Recent innovations such as QMilch are offering a more refined use of the fiber for modern fabrics. An attractive property of the casein molecule is its ability to form a gel or clot in the stomach, which makes it very efficient in nutrient supply. The clot is able to provide a sustained slow release of amino acids into the blood stream, sometimes lasting for several hours. Often casein is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2336525", "chunk_text": "\"Human nutrition\"\nfood through the intestines. Additionally, fiber, perhaps especially that from whole grains, may help lessen insulin spikes and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Proteins are the basis of many animal body structures (e.g. muscles, skin, and hair) and form the enzymes which catalyse chemical reactions throughout the body. Each protein molecule is composed of amino acids which contain nitrogen and sometimes sulphur (these components are responsible for the distinctive smell of burning protein, such as the keratin in hair). The body requires amino acids to produce new proteins (protein retention) and to replace damaged proteins (maintenance). Amino acids", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8932096", "chunk_text": "\"Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods\"\nvegetable fibres, animal protein fibres and artificial fibres. Natural vegetable fibres include cotton, linen, jute and hemp. Animal protein fibres include wool and silk. Man-made fibres (made by industrial processes) including nylon, polyester will be used in some hobbies and hand crafts and in the developed world. Almost all commercial textiles are produced by industrial methods. Textiles are still produced by pre-industrial processes in village communities in Asia, Africa and South America. Creating textiles using traditional manual techniques is an artisan craft practised as a hobby in Europe and North America. Traditional practices are also kept alive by artisans in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7459413", "chunk_text": "\"Reticular fiber\"\nand delicately woven strands of type III collagen. These strands build a highly ordered cellular network and provide a supporting network. Many of these types of collagen have been combined with carbohydrate. Thus, they react with silver stains and with periodic acid-Schiff reagent but are not demonstrated with ordinary histological stains such as those using hematoxylin. The 1953 \"\"Science\"\" article mentioned above concluded that the reticular and regular collagenous materials contains the same four sugars – galactose, glucose, mannose, and fucose – but in a much greater concentration in the reticular than in the collagenous material. In a 1993 paper,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5560930", "chunk_text": "Nanofiber\nThe self-assembly process of peptide nanofibers involves various driving forces such as hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces and is influenced by external conditions such as ionic strength and pH. Due to their high porosity and large surface area-to-volume ratio, nanofibers are widely used to construct scaffolds for biological applications. Major examples of natural polymers used in scaffold production are collagen, cellulose, silk fibroin, keratin, gelatin and polysaccharides such as chitosan and alginate. Collagen is a natural extracellular component of many connective tissues. Its fibrillary structure, which varies in diameter from 50-500 nm, is important", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11783976", "chunk_text": "\"Natural fiber\"\nin applications outside of their native use, the original level of hydration must be taken into account. For example when hydrated, the Young’s Modulus of collagen decreases from 3.26 to 0.6 GPa and becomes both more ductile and tougher. Additionally the density of collagen decreases from 1.34 to 1.18 g/cm^3. Of industrial value are four animal fibers, wool, silk, camel hair, and angora as well as four plant fibers, cotton, flax, hemp, and jute. Dominant in terms of scale of production and use is cotton for textiles. Natural fibers are also used in composite materials, much like synthetic or glass", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11821851", "chunk_text": "\"Bast fibre\"\nintense retting separates the fibre bundles into elementary fibres, that can be several centimetres long. Often bast fibres have higher tensile strength than other kinds, and are used in high-quality textiles (sometimes in blends with cotton or synthetic fibres), ropes, yarn, paper, composite materials and burlap. An important property of bast fibres is that they contain a special structure, the \"\"fibre node\"\", that represents a weak point, and gives flexibility. Seed hairs, such as cotton, do not have nodes. Plants that have been used for bast fibre include flax (from which linen is made), hemp, jute, kenaf, kudzu, linden, milkweed,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16643960", "chunk_text": "Microfiber\nMicrofiber Microfiber (or microfibre) is synthetic fiber finer than one denier or decitex/thread, having a diameter of less than ten micrometres. This is smaller than the diameter of a strand of silk (which is approximately one denier), which is itself about 1/5 the diameter of a human hair. The most common types of microfibers are made from polyesters, polyamides (e.g., nylon, Kevlar, Nomex, trogamide), or a conjugation of polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene. Microfiber is used to make mats, knits, and weaves for apparel, upholstery, industrial filters, and cleaning products. The shape, size, and combinations of synthetic fibers are selected for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6014771", "chunk_text": "Shirt\nare two main categories of fibres used: natural fibre and man-made fibre (synthetics or petroleum based). Some natural fibres are linen, the first used historically, hemp, cotton, the most used, ramie, wool, silk and more recently bamboo or soya. Some synthetic fibres are polyester, tencel, viscose, etc. Polyester mixed with cotton (poly-cotton) is often used. Fabrics for shirts are called shirtings. The four main weaves for shirtings are plain weave, oxford, twill and satin. Broadcloth, poplin and end-on-end are variations of the plain weave. After weaving, finishing can be applied to the fabric. In the 1920s and 1930s, fascists wore", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11553521", "chunk_text": "\"Spinning (textiles)\"\npolymer is contained in a solvent that evaporates in the heated exit chamber. In melt spinning (nylons and polyesters) the extruded polymer is cooled in gas or air and sets. All these fibres will be of great length, often kilometers long. Natural fibres are from animals (sheep, goat, rabbit, silkworm), minerals (asbestos), or plants (cotton, flax, sisal). These vegetable fibres can come from the seed (cotton), the stem (known as bast fibres: flax, hemp, jute) or the leaf (sisal). Without exception, many processes are needed before a clean even staple is obtained. With the exception of silk, each of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10752542", "chunk_text": "Silk\na measurement of linear density in fibers. Silkworm silk therefore has a linear density of approximately 1 den, or 1.1 dtex. Silk emitted by the silkworm consists of two main proteins, sericin and fibroin, fibroin being the structural center of the silk, and serecin being the sticky material surrounding it. Fibroin is made up of the amino acids Gly-Ser-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala and forms beta pleated sheets. Hydrogen bonds form between chains, and side chains form above and below the plane of the hydrogen bond network. The high proportion (50%) of glycine allows tight packing. This is because glycine's R group is only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13662192", "chunk_text": "Silk\nremarkable mechanical properties, comparative biocompatibility, tunable degradation rates \"\"in vitro\"\" and \"\"in vivo\"\", the ease to load cellular growth factors (for example, BMP-2), and the ability to be processed into several other formats such as films, gels, particles, and scaffolds. Silks from \"\"Bombyx mori\"\", a kind of cultivated silkworm, are the most widely investigated silks. Silks derived from \"\"Bombyx mori\"\" are generally made of two parts: the silk fibroin fiber which contains a light chain of 25kDa and a heavy chain of 350kDa (or 390kDa) linked by a single disulfide bond and a glue-like protein, sericin, comprising 25 to 30", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2395687", "chunk_text": "\"Curran (material)\"\nyear. Curran is made in a process where nano fibres found in vegetables are extracted and combined with resins into a paste that can be molded into different shapes, for example as a coating, in laminate sheets or even spun into thread. And based on the composition the material can be produced with different degrees of strength, stiffness and lightness. Curran (material) Curran is a material based on cellulose nanofibers from sugarbeet, carrots, or other tubers, extracted from food industry waste. Its fibers are twice as strong as carbon fibers and hold promise for a wide range of industrial and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3333042", "chunk_text": "Fiber\nalso man-made fibers that come from natural raw materials, silica fiber, made from sodium silicate (water glass) and basalt fiber made from melted basalt. Mineral fibers can be particularly strong because they are formed with a low number of surface defects, asbestos is a common one. Microfibers in textiles refer to sub-denier fiber (such as polyester drawn to 0.5 denier). Denier and Dtex are two measurements of fiber yield based on weight and length. If the fiber density is known, you also have a fiber diameter, otherwise it is simpler to measure diameters in micrometers. Microfibers in technical fibers refer", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3274	who is john snow on game of thrones?	n/a	[ "Kit Harington" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563836", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nJon Snow (character) Jon Snow is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", in which he is portrayed by English actor Kit Harington. He is a prominent point of view character in the novels, and has been called one of the author's \"\"finest creations\"\" and most popular characters by \"\"The New York Times\"\". Jon is a main character in the TV series, and his storyline in the 2015 season 5 finale generated a strong reaction among viewers. Speculation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8050070", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nthe Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2016. IGN also nominated Jon Snow as its Best TV Hero in 2011. Jon Snow (character) Jon Snow is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", in which he is portrayed by English actor Kit Harington. He is a prominent point of view character in the novels, and has been called one of the author's \"\"finest creations\"\" and most popular characters by \"\"The New", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4426686", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nalso nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television in 2012, 2016 and 2017. In \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Jon Snow is introduced as the 14-year-old illegitimate son of Eddard \"\"Ned\"\" Stark, Lord of Winterfell, and half-brother to Robb, Sansa, Arya, Bran and Rickon. Jon is described as having strong Stark features with a lean build, long face, dark brown hair and grey eyes. Jon has the surname \"\"Snow\"\" (customarily used for illegitimate children in the North) and is resented by Ned's wife Catelyn, who views him as a constant reminder of Ned's infidelity. Jon is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10460993", "chunk_text": "\"Kit Harington\"\nKit Harington Christopher Catesby Harington (born 26 December 1986) is a British actor and producer. Born in Acton, Greater London, Harington graduated from the Royal Central School of Speech & Drama in 2008. While still at drama school, he landed the leading role of Albert, making his professional acting debut in the National Theatre and West End critically acclaimed adaptation of the play \"\"War Horse\"\". In 2011, Harington rose to prominence for his breakthrough role as Jon Snow in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", which brought him international recognition. He has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595836", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Snow\"\nmembers of the council are presented. Series regular Aidan Gillen, known for his roles in \"\"Queer as Folk\"\" and \"\"The Wire\"\" takes the role of Lord Petyr Baelish, the king's master of coin known as \"\"Littlefinger.\"\" Gethin Anthony plays the king's youngest brother Renly Baratheon, and veteran actor Julian Glover, well known to science fiction and fantasy fans after appearing in films such as \"\"The Empire Strikes Back\"\" and \"\"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\"\", was cast as Grand Maester Pycelle after actor Roy Dotrice had to be replaced for medical reasons. Author George R. R. Martin wrote on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563867", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\none of the first parts cast was Jon, with Kit Harington announced in the role in July 2009. Alfie Allen and Iwan Rheon had also auditioned for the role, and were brought into the show to play Theon Greyjoy and Ramsay Snow instead, respectively. In October 2014, Harington and several other key cast members, all contracted for six seasons of the series, renegotiated their deals to include a potential seventh season and salary increases for seasons five, six, and seven. \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" called the raises \"\"huge\"\", noting that the deal would make the performers \"\"among the highest-paid actors on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595825", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Snow\"\nLord Snow \"\"Lord Snow\"\" is the third episode of the HBO medieval fantasy television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". It first aired on May 1, 2011. It was written by the show creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by series regular Brian Kirk, his directorial debut for the series. The plot follows Jon Snow's training at The Wall; Eddard's arrival at King's Landing, followed by Catelyn, looking for Bran's would-be murderer; Arya reveals her desire to learn sword fighting to her father; Joffrey is given a lesson in ruling the Kingdom by Cersei, and Robert longs for the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4426715", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nseasons released to date. Following the plot of \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", in the first season Jon, the bastard son of Ned Stark, joins the Night's Watch. He arrives at the Wall, with his direwolf Ghost in tow, to find that the order is a shadow of its former self. Raised to be a talented fighter with a strong sense of justice and honor, Jon is at first contemptuous of his fellow recruits, who are mostly lowborn, untrained criminals and exiles. In \"\"Lord Snow\"\", he is persuaded by Tyrion Lannister to put aside his prejudices, and helps some of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595826", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Snow\"\nglory of his past. Meanwhile, Daenerys learns she is pregnant. The episode was the first to feature Old Nan, played by Margaret John, who died before the series was broadcast; the episode is dedicated to her memory in the final credit. The title of the episode is the demeaning nickname given to Jon Snow by Ser Alliser Thorne, the sadistic trainer of Night's Watch recruits, referring to the fact that he's highborn, yet ended up at the Wall. Critical reception was generally positive, with critics praising Maisie Williams for her portrayal of Arya Stark, and her sword lesson scenes, as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563839", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nwith Dragons\"\" (2011), working to negotiate an alliance between the Night's Watch and the wildlings. The growing animosity he has attracted from among the Watch finally catches up with him, and he is forced to face the dire consequences. On the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", Jon's storyline follows the character's plot arc from the novel series, though season 6 and season 7 of the TV adaptation continue on from the events of Martin's latest published installment. Harington was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the role in 2016. He was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563917", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nvows to fight the White Walkers with Jon, and he agrees to swear fealty to her as his queen. In \"\"The Dragon and the Wolf\"\", the two negotiate a truce with Cersei, who agrees to join them in fighting the Night King's forces. Bran learns that Jon was born Aegon Targaryen, the legitimate son and heir of Daenerys' brother Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark. Meanwhile, Jon and Daenerys finally give in to their growing feelings for each other and have sex, unaware that they are related by blood. Harington was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563837", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nabout the character's parentage has also been a popular topic of discussion among fans of both the books and the TV series. Jon is introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\" as the illegitimate son of Ned Stark, the honorable lord of Winterfell, an ancient fortress in the North of the fictional continent of Westeros. Knowing his prospects are limited by his status, Jon joins the Night's Watch, who guard the far northern borders from the wildlings who live beyond The Wall. As the rest of the Starks face grave adversity, Jon finds himself honor bound to remain with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595835", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Snow\"\nown, he hires the Braavosi \"\"water dancer\"\" (fencer) Syrio Forel to teach her the art of swordsmanship. \"\"Lord Snow\"\" was written by the show creators and executive producers David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, based on A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin, including chapters 18-22, 24 and 37. (Catelyn IV, Jon III, Eddard IV, Tyrion III, Arya II, Bran IV and Daenerys IV). The third episode introduces a number of new characters to the story, due to the expansion of the story to the new locales of King's Landing and the Wall. In the capital city the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439768", "chunk_text": "\"Joffrey Baratheon\"\nJoffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros. He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\" (1998) and \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000). Joffrey is portrayed by Irish actor Jack Gleeson in the HBO television adaptation. Joffrey Baratheon is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563860", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nand join his half brother Robb, but the other recruits convince Jon to remain loyal to his Night's Watch vows. The next night, Jon saves Mormont's life by killing an undead wight. Mormont then orders a Great Ranging beyond the Wall to learn more of this new threat. In 1998's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", Mormont leads a party of Night's Watch rangers beyond the Wall to investigate the disappearance of Jon's uncle Benjen, assess the intentions of the wildling leader Mance Rayder and learn more of the threat posed by the Others. Jon is sent out with a scouting party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3694315", "chunk_text": "\"Jorah Mormont\"\nJorah Mormont Jorah Mormont is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Jorah is a mercenary knight in exile and the disgraced former lord of Bear Island, and only son of Jeor Mormont, the honourable lord commander of the Nights Watch of the kingdom of Westeros. He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\" (1998), \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000) and \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\" (2011). Jorah is portrayed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1025870", "chunk_text": "\"Kit Harington\"\nof Pinter’s work. Proceeds went to Amnesty International and Chance to Shine – two of Pinter’s favored charities. Kit Harington Christopher Catesby Harington (born 26 December 1986) is a British actor and producer. Born in Acton, Greater London, Harington graduated from the Royal Central School of Speech & Drama in 2008. While still at drama school, he landed the leading role of Albert, making his professional acting debut in the National Theatre and West End critically acclaimed adaptation of the play \"\"War Horse\"\". In 2011, Harington rose to prominence for his breakthrough role as Jon Snow in the HBO television", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563873", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nscript read-throughs, prompted further speculation about the character's return. However, a story in \"\"Vanity Fair\"\" pointed out that Charles Dance had been seen in Belfast the previous year after his character Tywin Lannister's death as well, and he only appeared in the first episode of the subsequent season as a corpse. Another photo that showed Harington on set in Belfast in a costume that varied from the Night's Watch outfit was published on September 25, 2015. A season 6 \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" promotional poster released in November 2015 featured a bloodied Jon. Jon is resurrected by Melisandre in \"\"Home\"\", the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595837", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Snow\"\ncasting of Conleth Hill as spymaster Varys: \"\"Hill, like Varys, is quite a chameleon, an actor who truly disappears inside the characters he portrays, more than capable not only of bringing the slimy, simpering eunuch to life.\"\" Ian McElhinney plays Ser Barristan Selmy, the commander of the Kingsguard, and Miltos Yorelemou appears as the fencing instructor Syrio Forel. McElhinney had previously played Gillen's father in \"\"Queer as Folk\"\". The hierarchy of the Wall is introduced with James Cosmo as commander Jeor Mormont, Peter Vaughan as the blind maester Aemon, Owen Teale as the trainer of the new recruits Ser Alliser", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4037462", "chunk_text": "\"John Snow\"\nwere unsanitary and the river was contaminated by runoff water from market squares, cemeteries and sewage. From a young age, Snow demonstrated an aptitude for mathematics. In 1827, when he was 14, he obtained a medical apprenticeship with William Hardcastle in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. In 1832, during his time as a surgeon-apothecary apprentice, he encountered a cholera epidemic for the first time in Killingworth, a coal-mining village. Snow treated many victims of the disease and gained a lot of experience. Additionally, while he was an apprentice, Snow could not drink, gamble or marry. Eventually he adjusted to teetotalism and led a life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4426701", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\n\"\"Jon Snow is presented as the illegitimate son of the Stark patriarch, although it's uncertain whether Stark is indeed his father.\"\" Actor Sean Bean, who portrays Ned in the HBO television series, said when asked in a 2014 interview about returning to the series to appear in flashbacks, \"\"I've definitely got some unfinished business that needs to be resolved there. I'm obviously not Jon Snow's dad. And you need that to be revealed at some point, don't you?\"\" The uncertainty arises from anecdotal evidence in the texts interpreted by readers to connect the mysterious maternity of Ned's son with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563858", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nepisode \"\"The Dragon and the Wolf\"\" confirmed that Jon is indeed the legitimate son of Rhaegar and Lyanna, and that his birth name is actually Aegon Targaryen. Jon Snow is first introduced in \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\" (1996), as he and his five siblings adopt six orphaned direwolf cubs. Known by all as Ned Stark's illegitimate son and with Ned's wife Catelyn despising him, Jon has always felt removed from the rest of the Stark family. He resolves to join the Night's Watch, as his status as a bastard prevents him from holding lands or marrying into a good family.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563868", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\ncable TV\"\". \"\"Deadline Hollywood\"\" put the number for season five at \"\"close to $300,000 an episode\"\" for each actor, and \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" wrote in June 2016 that the performers would each be paid \"\"upward of $500,000 per episode\"\" for seasons seven and the potential eight. In 2017, Harington became one of the highest paid actors on television and will earn £2 million per episode for the show. As the series premiered, \"\"TV Guide\"\" called Harington a \"\"soulful heartthrob\"\" whose Jon is idolized by his younger siblings and who \"\"seeks purpose\"\" by joining the Night's Watch. Creators David Benioff and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4426705", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nto protect her son—Jon. An infographic subsequently posted on the HBO-controlled website MakingGameofThrones.com confirmed Rhaegar as Jon's father. Journalists later commented on the significance of two plot points in the season 7 episode \"\"Eastwatch\"\". One of Daenerys Targaryen's dragons, Drogon, approaches Jon calmly and allows the King in the North to pet him, seemingly recognizing him as a Targaryen. Later, Gilly learns from a book at the Citadel that a High Septon annulled Rhaegar's marriage, and married him to someone else in Dorne, suggesting the possibility that Jon is the legitimate son of Rhaegar and Lyanna. The season 7 finale", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595838", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Snow\"\nThorne, and Francis Magee as the recruiter Yoren. This episode also marks the first appearance of the Welsh actress Margaret John as Old Nan. 84-year-old Margaret John died on 2 February 2011, a few months after having finished recording her scenes in \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", which was her last role on television. With a 50-year acting career, she is remembered for her role of Doris on the BBC television show \"\"Gavin and Stacy\"\". Executive producers David Benioff and Dan Weiss issued a statement grieving her death. The episode \"\"Lord Snow\"\" is dedicated to her, with the last credit being \"\"In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3694331", "chunk_text": "\"Jorah Mormont\"\nexpedition and returns to Dragonstone. Jorah Mormont Jorah Mormont is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Jorah is a mercenary knight in exile and the disgraced former lord of Bear Island, and only son of Jeor Mormont, the honourable lord commander of the Nights Watch of the kingdom of Westeros. He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\" (1998), \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000) and \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4426684", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nWatch. In \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\" (1998), he joins a scouting party investigating the growing threat from the otherworldly \"\"Others\"\" beyond the Wall, and manages to infiltrate the wildlings. Jon learns of their plans to invade Westeros in \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000), and begins to fall in love with the fierce wildling woman Ygritte. He betrays them—and Ygritte—before they can attack, but the Night Watch's victory comes at a heavy price for Jon. Now the Lord Commander of the Watch, he appears briefly in 2005's \"\"A Feast for Crows\"\". Jon returns as a prominent character in a \"\"A Dance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563859", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nAt The Wall, the other recruits resent Jon's aura of superiority, but he makes amends by helping them master swordplay. He also befriends Samwell Tarly, a cowardly lordling who, despite being helpless with weapons, displays an aptitude for book learning. Jon's independence and his compassion for the recruits invite the ire of the harsh master-at-arms Alliser Thorne, who sees Jon as a threat to his authority. Jon gains the notice of the Lord Commander, Jeor Mormont, who names Jon his personal squire and grooms Jon for command. After learning of his father's execution, Jon resolves to desert the Night's Watch", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16108166", "chunk_text": "\"Ramsay Bolton\"\nRamsay Bolton Ramsay Bolton, formerly known as Ramsay Snow and also as Bastard of Bolton or Bastard of the Dreadfort, is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1998's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", Ramsay is the eldest son of Roose Bolton, the lord of the Dreadfort, an ancient fortress in the North of the kingdom of Westeros. He is subsequently mentioned in \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000) and \"\"A Feast for Crows\"\" (2005). He later appears", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4426725", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nWall into the North. Shortly after returning to Castle Black in the season finale \"\"Mother's Mercy\"\", Jon is summoned to hear news of his missing uncle Benjen, but is instead stabbed to death by Thorne and his group of mutineers. In \"\"The Red Woman\"\", Davos Seaworth, Dolorous Edd, and other brothers of the Watch loyal to Jon barricade themselves in a room with Ghost and Jon's body, and an attack by Thorne and his men is thwarted by the arrival of Tormund and his wildlings. Davos encourages Melisandre to attempt to resurrect Jon in \"\"Home\"\", and though the ritual at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1444730", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (journalist)\"\nJon Snow (journalist) Jonathan George Snow (born 28 September 1947) is an English journalist and television presenter. He is best known as the longest-running presenter of \"\"Channel 4 News\"\", which he has presented since 1989. Although Channel 4's news programming is produced by ITN, Snow is employed directly by the broadcaster. Snow has held numerous honorary appointments, including Chancellor of Oxford Brookes University from 2001 to 2008. Snow was born in Ardingly, Sussex, the son of George D'Oyly Snow, Bishop of Whitby, and Joan, a pianist who studied at the Royal College of Music. He is a grandson of First", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14769712", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Blowers\"\nSean Blowers Sean Blowers (born 12 January 1961 in Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire) is an English actor. He is well known for playing John Hallam in \"\"London's Burning\"\" from 1986 until the character was killed off in 1996. He has also been in \"\"The Bill\"\", \"\"A Touch of Frost\"\", \"\"Dalziel and Pascoe\"\", \"\"Heartbeat\"\", \"\"New Tricks\"\", \"\"Casualty\"\", \"\"Staying Alive\"\", \"\"Crossroads\"\", \"\"Doctor Who\"\", \"\"EastEnders\"\" and has appeared in films such as \"\"The Krays\"\", \"\"Black Beauty\"\" and \"\"First Knight\"\". In 2016, he joined the cast of the HBO series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" in \"\"The Winds of Winter\"\", the finale of Season 6", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14682270", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Gleeson\"\nJack Gleeson Jack Gleeson (born 20 May 1992) is an Irish former actor, best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Despite his early breakthrough on \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", which won critical acclaim, Gleeson has not acted in TV or film since 2014. He currently runs his own touring theatre company, whose debut puppet show—\"\"Bears in Space\"\"—premiered in Edinburgh Festival Fringe, in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2014. Gleeson was born in Cork, Ireland. Gleeson attended Gonzaga College for his secondary education. He attended drama classes when young, with his sisters Rachel and Emma", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8050027", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nWall to help his family, his sense of duty ultimately compels him to stay. In the second season, Jon witnesses the wildling Craster, a man with many wives who marries his own daughters, sacrifice his newborn son to the White Walkers in \"\"The Night Lands\"\". Later, as part of a small scouting party led by Night's Watch ranger Qhorin Halfhand, Jon is tasked to kill a wildling prisoner, the woman warrior Ygritte. He finds himself unable to do so in \"\"The Old Gods and the New\"\", and she escapes, only to capture him with her comrades in \"\"The Prince of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17057350", "chunk_text": "\"Sandor Clegane\"\nSandor Clegane Sandor Clegane, nicknamed The Hound, is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Sandor is the estranged younger brother of Ser Gregor Clegane, from the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, serving as King Joffrey Baratheon's personal bodyguard. He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\" (1998), \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\" (2000) and \"\"A Feast for Crows\"\" (2005). Sandor is not a point of view character in the novels,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563849", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nof view character in the novels, and has been called one of Martin's \"\"finest creations\"\". Jon is introduced as the illegitimate son of a Northern lord who, realizing he is an outsider in his own family, follows his uncle to the far north and accepts the honorable duty of serving in the Night's Watch. But as much as he is a second-class Stark at home, initially his fellow recruits and brothers of the Watch set him apart as privileged and aloof. Jon adapts, soon proving himself to be wise, compassionate, and a natural leader. Over the course of the series,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4426714", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nMay 2016 second episode of season 6. Though calling it a \"\"predictable move\"\" for a television series, David Sims of \"\"The Atlantic\"\" praised the plot development as \"\"the right choice\"\" for the show's narrative. In a subsequent interview with \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\", Harington said: Joanna Robinson of \"\"Vanity Fair\"\" credited Jon's much-discussed cliffhanger death as a primary factor behind \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" subsequent 25% ratings increase for season 6. Harington's performance in season 6 earned the actor his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination in July 2016. Harington as Jon has the most screen time of any other character in the seven", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4426688", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\ntimes he can \"\"inhabit\"\" the wolf and share its experiences. David Orr of \"\"The New York Times\"\" describes Jon as \"\"a complex, thoughtful and basically good character\"\". David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, the creators and executive producers of the television adaptation of the series, explain that Jon is one of several characters in the series who must \"\"face hard truths about the world they live in, and adapt themselves to those truths\"\" because \"\"The struggle many of them face is how to do that without losing their grip on who they are.\"\" Ned Stark teaches all his children about", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563916", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nto convince Cersei that their true enemy is the army of the dead, Jon leads an expedition north of the Wall to capture a wight and bring it south to King's Landing. They manage to do so in \"\"Beyond the Wall\"\", but are surrounded by a horde of the Night King's minions. Daenerys arrives with her dragons, but the Night King kills one of them with an ice spear, forcing the others to flee without Jon. He is saved by the reappearance of his uncle Benjen, who is overtaken by the dead as Jon escapes back to the Wall. Daenerys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563851", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nnarrative of Jon, Daenerys Targaryen and Tyrion Lannister, the three popular characters whom fans had missed most from the previous volume, \"\"A Feast for Crows\"\". These \"\"favorites\"\" had last been featured 11 years before in Martin's \"\"A Storm of Swords\"\". In \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\", Jon's leadership of the Night's Watch is complicated by several unprecedented challenges, including a wildling alliance, the demands of would-be-king Stannis Baratheon and the conflicting factions developing within the Watch itself. \"\"The New York Times\"\" notes that \"\"Jon’s leadership is the best hope of Westeros, so naturally he’s in imminent danger throughout \"\"A Dance With", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563852", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nDragons\"\".\"\" James Hibberd of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" called Jon's final chapter in \"\"A Dance with Dragons\"\" \"\"a harsh chapter in terms of fan expectations. You go from this total high of Jon giving this rousing speech about going after the evil Ramsay Bolton, to this utter low of his men turning against him.\"\" Jon's presence in the forthcoming volume \"\"The Winds of Winter\"\" is uncertain. Asked what he thought was Jon’s biggest \"\"mistake\"\", Martin replied: The identity of Jon's mother has created much speculation among readers of the series, and guessing her identity was the test Martin gave Benioff and Weiss", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15454575", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Gleeson\"\ninterested in pursuing academia, he had since 'gone off that idea'. In 2015, Gleeson starred in the puppetry shows \"\"Bears in Space\"\" created by his theatre company Collapsing Horse and in mid-2016 the show premiered in New York. Jack Gleeson Jack Gleeson (born 20 May 1992) is an Irish former actor, best known for his portrayal of Joffrey Baratheon in the HBO television series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Despite his early breakthrough on \"\"Game of Thrones\"\", which won critical acclaim, Gleeson has not acted in TV or film since 2014. He currently runs his own touring theatre company, whose debut puppet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3508338", "chunk_text": "\"John Bradley (English actor)\"\na BA (Hons), Acting at the Manchester School of Theatre, graduating in 2010. Bradley's big break was in the 2011 HBO fantasy TV series \"\"Game of Thrones\"\" playing the character Samwell Tarly, a part that was his first audition, three months after he graduated from drama school. His character is a friend of Kit Harington's Jon Snow and provides occasional comic relief, especially in season 1. As the series has progressed, Bradley's Tarly has developed significantly. One reviewer called him \"\"a wonderful comedic and cowardly yin to Jon's dour yang\"\". George R. R. Martin said that the character that Bradley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9563853", "chunk_text": "\"Jon Snow (character)\"\nwhen they approached him in March 2006 about adapting his novels into a TV series. In the novels, Martin hints that she could be a servant named Wylla, or the noblewoman Ashara Dayne. The popular fan theory—called \"\"R+L=J\"\", an abbreviation of \"\"Rhaegar + Lyanna = Jon\"\"—proposes that Jon is not the son of Ned at all, but is actually the son of Rhaegar Targaryen and Ned's younger sister Lyanna Stark. Though the character is presented as the illegitimate son of Ned Stark, David Orr voiced the doubt of some readers when he wrote in \"\"The New York Times\"\" in 2011,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7680724", "chunk_text": "\"Roose Bolton\"\nRoose Bolton Roose Bolton is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Bolton, a northern lord with his seat at the Dreadfort, is a retainer of Lord Eddard Stark. Bolton is known for being cold and calculating. Bolton's heir is his bastard son Ramsay Snow. Bolton joins Robb Stark's rebellion as (along with Greatjon Umber) one of Stark's lieutenants. He marries Fat Walda (Frey), after having been offered any Frey bride's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4037478", "chunk_text": "\"John Snow\"\nremove and replace a pump handle to symbolise the continuing challenges for advances in public health. In 1830 Snow became a member of the Temperance Movement, and lived for a decade or so as a vegetarian and teetotaler. In the mid-1840s his health deteriorated, and he returned to meat-eating and drinking wine. He continued drinking pure water (via boiling) throughout his adult life. He never married. Snow lived at 18 Sackville Street, London, from 1852 to his death in 1858. Snow suffered a stroke while working in his London office on 10 June 1858. He was 45 years old at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4037460", "chunk_text": "\"John Snow\"\nJohn Snow John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858) was an English physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the fathers of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854. His findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world. Snow was born on 15 March 1813 in York, England, the first of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8439783", "chunk_text": "\"Joffrey Baratheon\"\n\"\"Rolling Stone\"\" ranked the character #4 in their list of the \"\"40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time\"\". Author Martin described Joffrey as similar to \"\"five or six people that I went to school with ... a classic bully ... incredibly spoiled\"\". Joffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1996's \"\"A Game of Thrones\"\", Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros. He subsequently appeared", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595831", "chunk_text": "\"Lord Snow\"\nWatch is able to deal with, and rumours that the White Walkers have returned are becoming more widespread. Tyrion is skeptical, but agrees to do so. Before leaving the Wall, Tyrion fulfills his ambition to urinate off the top of the Wall and says goodbye to Jon, who finally accepts Tyrion as a friend. Eddard's party arrives at King's Landing. Eddard is immediately summoned to a meeting of the king's Small Council. On his way through the throne room, Eddard encounters Jaime Lannister, and the audience is told that Jaime killed the Mad King Aerys Targaryen, the father of Daenerys", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9893127", "chunk_text": "\"Ramsay Bolton\"\nhis hungry hounds eat Ramsay alive. Ramsay's death marks the end of House Bolton and its rule in the North. Ramsay Bolton Ramsay Bolton, formerly known as Ramsay Snow and also as Bastard of Bolton or Bastard of the Dreadfort, is a fictional character in the \"\"A Song of Ice and Fire\"\" series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"\"Game of Thrones\"\". Introduced in 1998's \"\"A Clash of Kings\"\", Ramsay is the eldest son of Roose Bolton, the lord of the Dreadfort, an ancient fortress in the North of the kingdom of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3275	what kind of book is where's waldo?	n/a	[ "puzzle" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7262521", "chunk_text": "\"Activity book\"\nand does not fall neatly into one of these more specific categories. Activity books are typically centred around a particular theme. This may be a generic theme, e.g. dinosaurs, or based on a toy, television show, book, or game. For example, the Where's Wally? series of books (known as Where's Waldo? in the USA) by Martin Handford consists of both puzzle books, wherein the reader must search for characters hidden in pictures, and activity books such as \"\"\"\", which include a wider range of games and activities as well as puzzles. In 2018, Nintendo announced its intention to publish activity", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4916208", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally? (book)\"\nWhere's Wally? (book) Where's Wally?, published in the United States and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is the title of the first book in the \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" series, published in 1987. In the book, Wally travels to everyday places, where he sends postcards to the reader (which are the pictures in the book), and the reader must locate Wally in the postcard. The book became an instant best-seller. \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" was re-released in October 1997 in a special 10th anniversary edition form. The location of Wally was changed in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075963", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Waldo? (video game)\"\ntakes advantage of superior pointer-based motion controls to easily locate search targets and supports versus multiplayer. Where's Waldo? (video game) Where's Waldo? (Where's Wally? in the UK, Australia and South America) is a puzzle game developed by Bethesda Softworks and published in 1991 by THQ for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was the first video game loosely based on Martin Handford's book of the \"\"same name\"\". Mostly similar to the books, players must help Waldo get to the moon by finding him in each of the eight levels in the game. The game was panned by critics, who criticized the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075956", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Waldo? (video game)\"\nWhere's Waldo? (video game) Where's Waldo? (Where's Wally? in the UK, Australia and South America) is a puzzle game developed by Bethesda Softworks and published in 1991 by THQ for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was the first video game loosely based on Martin Handford's book of the \"\"same name\"\". Mostly similar to the books, players must help Waldo get to the moon by finding him in each of the eight levels in the game. The game was panned by critics, who criticized the game for its graphics, which made it more difficult to find Waldo in each of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15505687", "chunk_text": "\"Interactive children's book\"\nas age four and beginning at a pre-kindergarten grade level, depending on how easily the hidden objectives can be located. There are several notable authors and illustrators at the frontline assisting their audiences’ development of interactive reading skills in hidden object picture books: British illustrator Martin Handford is credited with the conception of the Where's Wally? series. Despite the series christened title, his hidden picture books are more recognizable under the North American franchise’s version of the character, Waldo. The purpose of Handford’s hidden object picture books is for children of all ages to identify Wally in a specified location", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12103110", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography\"\nWhere's Waldo?: Exploring Geography Where's Waldo? Exploring Geography is an interactive computer game based on the \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" book series. In the game, the player must find Waldo, locate the missing athletes of the world, and find the missing Champions Cup. While finding Waldo and the athletes, the player will gather clues that lead to other athletes and the Champions Cup. The game's activities can be played at three levels of difficulty, and is appropriate for all ages. The software contains hundreds of bright, colorful images and a musical score that reflects the different cultures of the world. All of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "873157", "chunk_text": "\"Interactive children's book\"\na genre that delights, intrigues, and educates children of all ages. One key person in the pop-up book phenomenon is Waldo Hunt, who was the first to develop these books in the United States. He found joy and creativity in the idea of creating a pop-up image in a book. He was the true advocate and mastermind behind their conception and popularity. Pop-up books are common enough to be found in your local library, bookstore, classroom, or likely even your own bookshelf. There are several examples of these kinds of books, but some famous ones to check out are: Christmas", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6164286", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book\"\nWhere's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book (Where's Waldo?: The Ultimate Fun Book in America) was a \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" activity book released in 1990. The book introduces Wilma, her dog Woof, and the Wally Watchers. Unlike the previous three Where's Wally? books (\"\"Where's Wally?\"\", \"\"Where's Wally Now?\"\", and \"\"The Fantastic Journey\"\"), this book featured various puzzles and games rather than the traditional detailed crowd scenes. The other kinds of additional puzzles included spot-the-differences, coloring pages, and a board game. The book was also a smaller paperback book that included stickers and press-outs. This book introduced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16009438", "chunk_text": "\"Picture book\"\nWaldo?\"\" in the United States and Canada) series by the British illustrator Martin Handford. The books were translated into many languages and the franchise also spawned a TV series, a comic strip and a series of video games. Since 1989 over 20 books have been created in the \"\"Elmer the Patchwork Elephant\"\" series by the British author David McKee. They have been translated in 40 languages and adapted into a children's TV series. In 1938, the American Library Association (ALA) began presenting annually the Caldecott Medal to the most distinguished children's book illustration published in the year. The Caldecott Medal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15505689", "chunk_text": "\"Interactive children's book\"\ndifferent name and personality in the translations. As more books were released the cast of characters grew as well - including Wizard Whitebeard, Wilma, Wenda, Woof, Odlaw and the Waldo Watchers. More Waldo books followed - such as Where's Waldo in Hollywood?, (1997), (2006). Waldo became a huge pop culture sensation in the early 1990s. The United States, in particular, was swept with \"\"Waldo-mania\"\". Aside from the adaptations of Handford's books, the franchises grew to include licensing of Waldo for video games, spin-off books, magazines, dolls, toys, comics and a Where's Waldo? (TV series). Wally has his own website where", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17075962", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Waldo? (video game)\"\nnoted of the game's lack of replay value, such as in a review by Gamecola.net. The game was listed #12 on Seanbaby.com's \"\"Worst Nintendo Games\"\". One year later, a sequel, \"\"The Great Waldo Search\"\", was released on the Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis. It was based on \"\"\"\", the third book of the \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" series. Almost two decades later, however, in 2009, a more modern remake of that sequel was developed by Ludia and published by Ubisoft on iOS, Microsoft Windows, and seventh-generation Nintendo systems, the Wii and the Nintendo DS. The remake especially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18980323", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey (video game)\"\nWhere's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey (video game) Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey is a video game published by Ubisoft and developed by Ludia based on the book of the same name. It is a puzzle adventure game released for the Nintendo DS, Wii, Microsoft Windows, and the iPhone, and is also a remake of \"\"The Great Waldo Search\"\", released in 1992. Like the other games in the series, the object of the game is to search for hidden characters and items within a time limit. Hints are awarded to the player through Woof, Waldo's pet dog. Woof alerts the players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15297488", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Handford\"\nabout 300 to 500 figures, with Wally often being the last character drawn into the crowd. The \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" books were published in the UK by Walker Books and in the US under the title \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" first by Little, Brown and Company before being taken on by Candlewick Press (Walker Books' American subsidiary publishing company). The first four titles were originally printed in Italy, but later reprinted in China. A film based on the \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" series of books was planned for filming in 2005 by Nickelodeon Movies but was cancelled due to a management change at Paramount Pictures.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11306165", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase\"\nWhere's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase Where's Wally?: The Incredible Paper Chase (known in the U.S. as Where's Waldo?: The Incredible Paper Chase) is the seventh book in the \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" book series. The book was released in 2009, and is the latest book in the series. It features Wally, Woof, Wenda, Wizard Whitebeard, and Odlaw travelling through different scenes. The reader's goal is to find Wally's key, Woof's bone, Wenda's camera, Wizard Whitebeard's scroll, Odlaw's binoculars, and a missing piece of paper in each scene.In addition to finding the characters, \"\"The Incredible Paper Chase\"\", as with \"\"Where's Wally? The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4916210", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally? (book)\"\nbikini top in the 1997 special edition release. A similar happening occurs in \"\"The Campsite\"\" where children open a tent on a man while he is undressing. In the original, although his genitals are blocked from view by his hand, he is clearly naked. In the 1997 special release, however, he is wearing white briefs. Where's Wally? (book) Where's Wally?, published in the United States and Canada as Where's Waldo?, is the title of the first book in the \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" series, published in 1987. In the book, Wally travels to everyday places, where he sends postcards to the reader", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5728418", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo & Magic, Inc.\"\nand science.\"\" Waldo & Magic, Inc. Waldo \"\"and\"\" Magic, Inc. is a book containing those two novellas, one science fiction, one fantasy, by American writer Robert A. Heinlein. It was published in 1950. In 1999, Tor Books published \"\"The Fantasies of Robert A. Heinlein\"\", an omnibus containing stories from \"\"Waldo \"\"and\"\" Magic, Inc.\"\" and \"\"The Unpleasant Profession of Jonathan Hoag\"\". \"\"Waldo \"\"and\"\" Magic, Inc.\"\" was later republished separately by Baen Books in 2014. L. Sprague de Camp recommended the collection highly, praising Heinlein for \"\"his prodigality of invention, his shrewd grasp of human nature and his versatile knowledge of law,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11306166", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase\"\nGreat Picture Hunt!\"\", has other challenges like \"\"spot-the-differences\"\" scenes. Some of the characters and scenes have appeared in one of the earlier \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" spin-off books. The book was originally released in a larger hardback book without the numbering system continuing on the cover with a '7'. It could be found, however, in the top left corner of the back cover. The 7 was included in the paperback edition, however, on the cover. Where's Wally? The Incredible Paper Chase Where's Wally?: The Incredible Paper Chase (known in the U.S. as Where's Waldo?: The Incredible Paper Chase) is the seventh book", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13561602", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo & Magic, Inc.\"\nWaldo & Magic, Inc. Waldo \"\"and\"\" Magic, Inc. is a book containing those two novellas, one science fiction, one fantasy, by American writer Robert A. Heinlein. It was published in 1950. In 1999, Tor Books published \"\"The Fantasies of Robert A. Heinlein\"\", an omnibus containing stories from \"\"Waldo \"\"and\"\" Magic, Inc.\"\" and \"\"The Unpleasant Profession of Jonathan Hoag\"\". \"\"Waldo \"\"and\"\" Magic, Inc.\"\" was later republished separately by Baen Books in 2014. L. Sprague de Camp recommended the collection highly, praising Heinlein for \"\"his prodigality of invention, his shrewd grasp of human nature and his versatile knowledge of law, politics, business", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12103111", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography\"\nthe features in the game are designed for variable outcomes, including Waldo's location in each screen. This allows the player to play multiple times without repeating the past experience. Aside from being a purely entertainment-based program, the game's exercises are based upon the 1994 National Geography Standards. Where's Waldo?: Exploring Geography Where's Waldo? Exploring Geography is an interactive computer game based on the \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" book series. In the game, the player must find Waldo, locate the missing athletes of the world, and find the missing Champions Cup. While finding Waldo and the athletes, the player will gather clues that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15297484", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Handford\"\nMartin Handford Martin Handford (born 27 September 1956) is an English children's author and illustrator who gained worldwide fame in the mid-1980s with his \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" creation (known as \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" in North America). Born in Hampstead, London, Handford was a solitary child, born to divorced parents. He began drawing crowds when he was 4 or 5 years old, and later as a child, making stick figures on paper. After school, when most other children he knew would go out and play games, he would draw pictures instead. His inspiration to draw such figures came from classic films and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15297490", "chunk_text": "\"Martin Handford\"\nMartin Handford Martin Handford (born 27 September 1956) is an English children's author and illustrator who gained worldwide fame in the mid-1980s with his \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" creation (known as \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" in North America). Born in Hampstead, London, Handford was a solitary child, born to divorced parents. He began drawing crowds when he was 4 or 5 years old, and later as a child, making stick figures on paper. After school, when most other children he knew would go out and play games, he would draw pictures instead. His inspiration to draw such figures came from classic films and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5353834", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo Hunt\"\nbooks. His companies dominated the pop-up book business from the 1960s until the late 1990s. By 1996, Intervisual Books had published 1,000 movable books. Hunt's personal favorites included best-sellers, \"\"The Human Body\"\" by David Pelham, \"\"Haunted House\"\" by Jan Pieńkowski with paper engineering by Tor Lokvig, and \"\"How Many Bugs in a Box?\"\" by David A. Carter. In its obituary of Hunt, \"\"The New York Times\"\" wrote that Hunt was \"\"almost single-handedly responsible\"\" for the revival of the pop-up book in the United States and noted:\"\"On the flat, foursquare pages of a printed book, Waldo H. Hunt could part the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12142891", "chunk_text": "\"I Spy a Nephite\"\nas a hardback book by the LDS publishing company Deseret Book (), and reissued on 2000 by White Horse Books as a paperback (). One hundred thousand hardback copies are in print. Several sequels include: \"\"A Nephite in the Works\"\" and \"\"Where Have All the Nephites Gone\"\". I Spy a Nephite I Spy a Nephite is a popular Mormon children's book written by Pat Bagley (editorial cartoonist for \"\"The Salt Lake Tribune\"\") and conceptually based on the Where's Waldo? series of books. The book centers around Norman, a Nephite librarian who discovers \"\"The Book of Things Past, Present, and Coming", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16658612", "chunk_text": "\"Gus & Waldo\"\n& Waldo’s Book of Fame\"\" and \"\"Gus & Waldo’s Book of Sex\"\", with only a few previously unpublished illustrations to connect the plots of the two books into a single narrative. Gus & Waldo Gus & Waldo are a couple of fictional anthropomorphic gay penguins that share love for one another. They are the creation of Massimo Fenati, an Italian-born and London-based artist. Their stories lampoon many aspects of the human condition including popular culture, society, and the media Since their debut in 2006, Gus and Waldo have appeared in three books published in the UK and all Commonwealth countries,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1139816", "chunk_text": "\"I Spy a Nephite\"\nI Spy a Nephite I Spy a Nephite is a popular Mormon children's book written by Pat Bagley (editorial cartoonist for \"\"The Salt Lake Tribune\"\") and conceptually based on the Where's Waldo? series of books. The book centers around Norman, a Nephite librarian who discovers \"\"The Book of Things Past, Present, and Coming Attractions\"\" which transports him through history. Many references are made to Mormon religion, culture, and history. The book uses many Mormon cultural references to give a whimsical Book of Mormon feel. For instance the book features a dog named Rover-hah. The children's book was published in 1991", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5417141", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally?\"\n21 September 1987. The \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" books were published in the United Kingdom by Walker Books and in the United States under the title \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" first by Little, Brown and Company before being taken on by Candlewick Press (Walker Books' American subsidiary publishing company). The first four titles were originally printed in Italy, but later reprinted in China. The books became extremely popular and were localised for many different territories, with name changes for Wally in certain regions. The franchise also spawned other media in a more storyline-based form, including , a comic strip and a series of video", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5353836", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo Hunt\"\na 2002 exhibit, \"\"Pop Up! 500 Years of Movable Books\"\", at the Los Angeles Central Library. Hunt lived for 30 years in Encino, Los Angeles, California. He retired in 2002 and moved to Springville, California. He died from congestive heart failure at age 88. In 2000, the Movable Book Society honored Hunt with the MBS Lifetime Achievement Award. Waldo Hunt Waldo Henley Hunt (November 28, 1920 – November 6, 2009) was a prolific producer of pop-up books, having nearly singlehandedly revived the genre in the post-war era. Intervisual Books, his company, created pop-up books of all varieties—from \"\"The Human Body\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17249435", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo (short story)\"\nWaldo (short story) \"\"Waldo\"\" (1942) is a short story by Robert A. Heinlein originally published in \"\"Astounding Magazine\"\" in August 1942 under the pseudonym Anson MacDonald. It is available in the book \"\"Waldo & Magic, Inc.\"\" (as well as other collections). Both stories in that collection involve magic but are otherwise unrelated. The essence of the story is the journey of a mechanical genius from his self-imposed exile from the rest of humanity to a more normal life, conquering the disease myasthenia gravis as well as his own contempt for humans in general. The key to this is that magic", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19415182", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday\"\nWaldo's Hawaiian Holiday Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday is a graphic novel from Gestalt Publishing written by Alex Cox and illustrated by Christopher Bones and Justin Randall. It is a sequel to the 1984 cult film \"\"Repo Man\"\". The sequel to \"\"Repo Man\"\" was planned as far back as 1997 and filming started but was never completed. The making of it is featured in the documentary \"\"A Texas Tale of Treason\"\". Cox afterward made another semi-sequel called \"\"Repo Chick\"\" but the original sequel remained as a script on Cox's website. Christopher Bones stumbled across it while working on another project and contacted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19637751", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday\"\nWaldo's Hawaiian Holiday Waldo's Hawaiian Holiday is a graphic novel from Gestalt Publishing written by Alex Cox and illustrated by Christopher Bones and Justin Randall. It is a sequel to the 1984 cult film \"\"Repo Man\"\". The sequel to \"\"Repo Man\"\" was planned as far back as 1997 and filming started but was never completed. The making of it is featured in the documentary \"\"A Texas Tale of Treason\"\". Cox afterward made another semi-sequel called \"\"Repo Chick\"\" but the original sequel remained as a script on Cox's website. Christopher Bones stumbled across it while working on another project and contacted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2525868", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally?\"\nwas turned into a Sunday newspaper comic/puzzle, distributed by King Features Syndicate. The comics were also released in book form in the US, using the regional name 'Waldo'. In the early 1990s Quaker Life Cereal in the US carried various \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" scenes on the back of the boxes along with collector's cards, toys and send-away prizes. This was shown in \"\"The Simpsons\"\" episode \"\"Hello Gutter, Hello Fadder\"\" where Homer shouts \"\"WALDO, WHERE ARE YOU?!\"\" after looking at the scene on the cereal box as Waldo walks by the kitchen window. On 1 April 2018 Google Maps added a minigame", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20855153", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally Now?\"\nWhere's Wally Now? Where's Wally Now? (called Find Waldo Now and later Where's Waldo Now? in the US) was the second \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" book. It was first published in 1988. In the book Wally travels through time as he visits many different locations and events. He also loses a book on each page, which the reader has to find. The book was re-released in October 1997 in a special edition where Wally was moved in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find (Woof, Wizard Whitebeard, Wenda, Odlaw, the Wally Watchers and others). The book has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17249450", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo (short story)\"\nGramps Schneider, whom McLeod described as being older than anybody even when McLeod was a child, he notices a campaign button on the wall of Schneider's house. The slogan on the button is \"\"Free Silver\"\", a reference to the politics of the late 1800s in the United States. Waldo thinks, \"\"Schneider must be — old!\"\" Waldo (short story) \"\"Waldo\"\" (1942) is a short story by Robert A. Heinlein originally published in \"\"Astounding Magazine\"\" in August 1942 under the pseudonym Anson MacDonald. It is available in the book \"\"Waldo & Magic, Inc.\"\" (as well as other collections). Both stories in that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9133542", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo Hunt\"\nWaldo Hunt Waldo Henley Hunt (November 28, 1920 – November 6, 2009) was a prolific producer of pop-up books, having nearly singlehandedly revived the genre in the post-war era. Intervisual Books, his company, created pop-up books of all varieties—from \"\"The Human Body\"\" to \"\"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\"\". \"\"Haunted House\"\" by Jan Pieńkowski, a pop-up book created by Hunt, won the 1980 Kate Greenaway Medal for illustration of children's books. Born in Chicago, Hunt grew up in San Mateo, California. He terminated his college career at Stanford University early to serve in World War II. After his Army", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6164287", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book\"\nthe characters Wilma, Woof, and The Wally-Watchers - there were 99 of the latter, although subsequent books would only feature 25. It also was the first book to feature Wally's Key. Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book Where's Wally?: The Ultimate Fun Book (Where's Waldo?: The Ultimate Fun Book in America) was a \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" activity book released in 1990. The book introduces Wilma, her dog Woof, and the Wally Watchers. Unlike the previous three Where's Wally? books (\"\"Where's Wally?\"\", \"\"Where's Wally Now?\"\", and \"\"The Fantastic Journey\"\"), this book featured various puzzles and games rather than the traditional detailed crowd", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20855154", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally Now?\"\nsince been re-published into a smaller size/format. Where's Wally Now? Where's Wally Now? (called Find Waldo Now and later Where's Waldo Now? in the US) was the second \"\"Where's Wally?\"\" book. It was first published in 1988. In the book Wally travels through time as he visits many different locations and events. He also loses a book on each page, which the reader has to find. The book was re-released in October 1997 in a special edition where Wally was moved in each picture and additional characters were added for the reader to find (Woof, Wizard Whitebeard, Wenda, Odlaw, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17133291", "chunk_text": "\"Gus & Waldo\"\nseries is reportedly in development. Gus and Waldo are penguins of an unidentified subspecies. They look very similar, with only one difference to tell them apart: Gus has pointy beak and Waldo has a rounded one. This is symbolic of the slight difference in their characters: Gus is more nervous, sharper and prefers high-brow culture. Waldo is mellow, untidy and loves gossip and trash magazines. They live in a fictional metropolitan city, in a society formed by all sorts of anthropomorphic animals. \"\"Gus & Waldo's Book of Love\"\" (Orion, 2006, hardback, 96 pages) is a picture book that deals with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18565989", "chunk_text": "\"Gus & Waldo\"\nin love with them. After a few failed stabs at fame, Gus and Waldo publish their first book: \"\"Gus and Waldo's Book of Love\"\", and it's a hit. They are suddenly on the covers of glossy magazines, owners of a Hollywood mansion and the ‘faces' of a variety of products (from toasters to skateboards). It seems Gus and Waldo have made it. But Fame is fickle and a cooler penguin, Cedric, takes the world by storm. Gus and Waldo are soon forgotten. In the end Gus and Waldo, now reclining in rehab, have a shared moment of revelation about the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20050773", "chunk_text": "\"Alias the Cat!\"\nAlias the Cat! Alias the Cat is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Kim Deitch, published by Pantheon Books in 2007. It originally appeared as a three-issue comic book in 2002 as \"\"The Stuff of Dreams\"\" from Fantagraphics Books. The metafictional book stars Deitch himself and his best-known creation, Waldo the Cat. It's about a character named Alias the Cat who appeared in 1915 in a comic strip and a serial film, as well as in real life as a freedom-fighting superhero, but who mysteriously disappears. As Deitch researches the character, the story keeps getting more and more involved. Originally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20855149", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally? The Fantastic Journey\"\nWhere's Wally? The Fantastic Journey Where's Wally? The Fantastic Journey (originally numbered with a \"\"3\"\"; originally called The Great Waldo Search in North America; now called Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey) was the third \"\"Where's Wally?\"\", first released in 1989. In the book Wally travels to fantasy lands in search of Wizard Whitebeard's magical scrolls. The book introduces the second recurring \"\"Where's Wally\"\" character, Wizard Whitebeard. Readers are also asked for the first time to find the Wizard's scrolls. The book introduces \"\"The Land of Wallies\"\" and the concept that Wally is just one of many Wallies. The Land of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16726957", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo County, Maine\"\nof families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.9% of those under age 18 and 11.6% of those age 65 or over. Waldo County features in Nathaniel Hawthorne's classic novel \"\"The House of the Seven Gables\"\" as the site of extensive landholdings once claimed by the formerly aristocratic Pyncheon family. Waldo County, Maine Waldo County is a county in the state of Maine, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 38,786. Its county seat is Belfast. The county was founded on 7 February 1827 from a portion of Hancock County", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18565993", "chunk_text": "\"Gus & Waldo\"\nBook of Sex\"\" is a wry and witty look at our attitudes to our own sex lives and everybody else’s. In a similar way as in their previous two books, by mocking all the fads, myths and paraphernalia that are often associated with today’s approach to sex, Gus and Waldo expose the reality of all of this: all nice games, but not a substitute for love. Foreign language editions: Italy: \"\"Il Libro Del Sesso Di Gus & Waldo\"\" (TEA, 2011) The fourth title of the series (Orion, 2010, hardback, 192 pages) is a compendium of two previously published titles: \"\"Gus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17133290", "chunk_text": "\"Gus & Waldo\"\nGus & Waldo Gus & Waldo are a couple of fictional anthropomorphic gay penguins that share love for one another. They are the creation of Massimo Fenati, an Italian-born and London-based artist. Their stories lampoon many aspects of the human condition including popular culture, society, and the media Since their debut in 2006, Gus and Waldo have appeared in three books published in the UK and all Commonwealth countries, with the first book of the series also translated and published in a number of non-English-speaking countries (Brazil, Finland, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Italy). Merchandise is also available and a TV", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5353833", "chunk_text": "\"Waldo Hunt\"\nIn 1965, Hunt published a book called \"\"Bennett Cerf's Pop-Up Riddles\"\", which was sold as a product promotion for $1.00 and two Maxwell House coffee labels. Cerf was the president of Random House at the time, and by 1967, Hunt had 30 pop-up books in production for Random House. In the late 1960s, Hallmark bought Graphics International, and Hunt next founded Intervisual Books to produce pop-up and movable books. Hunt became known as the \"\"King of the Pop-Ups,\"\" and was considered by many to be \"\"the father of the modern pop-up book industry\"\" for his work in pioneering pop-up interactive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "880883", "chunk_text": "\"Mark the Mountain Guide\"\nMark the Mountain Guide Mark the Mountain Guide is a series of illustrated children's books which combine short tales with an introduction to mountaineering. The books are written by Mark Seaton and illustrated by Graham Philpot. The series is published by Boxer Books. Author Mark Seaton and David Bennett, a publisher of children's books, conceived the books while they climbed Mont Blanc together. David Bennett was responsible for commissioning the \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" books which have sold over 40 million copies worldwide. The British mountaineer Sir Chris Bonington provides the introduction, and the International Federation of Mountain Guides Associations offers their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15505688", "chunk_text": "\"Interactive children's book\"\nthroughout his “world-wide hike.” Although various activities and outfit similarities easily camouflage the character’s whereabouts, Wally always wears glasses and carries a walking stick and is famous for his outfit of a red and white horizontally striped shirt, blue trousers and a bobble hat. The first book in Handford’s series, originally titled \"\"Where's Wally?\"\", was published in 1987. The book was soon followed by the release of Where's Wally Now? (1988) and (1989). The books became extremely popular and were translated into many languages. The trademark of Wally was adopted in 28 countries and the character is often given a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4169420", "chunk_text": "\"Anna Lee Waldo\"\nUniversity of Maryland gaining a master's degree in organic chemistry, where she also met her future husband, Willis H. Waldo, a fellow chemist. They had five children together. Prior to her first novel, Sacajawea, she taught at the University of Dayton in Ohio. She has also taught chemistry at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, California. It took Waldo ten years to write and research \"\"Sacajawea\"\", a 1300+ page book, finally publishing it in 1978. This led to her second novel, \"\"Prairie\"\", and finally to her \"\"Druid Circle\"\" series about a Welsh prince and his travel to North", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12708712", "chunk_text": "\"Octavia Waldo\"\nOctavia Waldo Octavia Waldo (full name Octavia Capuzzi Waldo Locke; born 1929) is an American writer and artist. She is best known for her 1961 novel, \"\"A Cup of the Sun\"\". She was born in 1929 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the eighth child of Italian-American parents. She graduated with honors from the Tyler School of Fine Arts at Temple University, and from 1949 to 1950 was a Fulbright fellow at the American Academy in Rome. She has also been a fellow at the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference and a resident at Yaddo. Her artwork has been shown in galleries and is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5519008", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally?: The Animated Series\"\nbased on the adventures and characters from the \"\"Where's Waldo?\"\" TV Show. \"\"Fun with Waldo\"\" and \"\"More Fun with Waldo\"\", featured print versions of many of the \"\"Waldo Minute\"\" freeze-frame scenes, along with new puzzles and things to spot in each picture. To meet the needs of international viewers in the US and Canada, a second audio track was recorded using the same vocal actors – the name \"\"Wally\"\" was replaced entirely with \"\"Waldo\"\", the name of the books' character in the US and Canada. Other international versions were produced dubbed in entirely in German, French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20855152", "chunk_text": "\"Where's Wally? The Fantastic Journey\"\n4. The Great Ball Game Players 5. The Ferocious Red Dwarves 6. The Nasty Nasties 7. The Fighting Foresters 8. The Deep Sea Divers 9. The Knights of the Magic Flag 10. The Unfriendly Giants 11. The Underground Hunters 12. The Land of Wallies Where's Wally? The Fantastic Journey Where's Wally? The Fantastic Journey (originally numbered with a \"\"3\"\"; originally called The Great Waldo Search in North America; now called Where's Waldo? The Fantastic Journey) was the third \"\"Where's Wally?\"\", first released in 1989. In the book Wally travels to fantasy lands in search of Wizard Whitebeard's magical scrolls. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3276	who won latest america's next top model?	n/a	[ "Kyla Coleman" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18074536", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 17)\"\nFeel...\"\" by Cobra Starship ft. Sabi. This was the final season filmed and broadcast in standard definition and the final season for Andre Leon Talley as a judge. The winner of the competition was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato from Los Angeles, California, who originally placed sixth in cycle 5 making her the oldest winner at the age of 30. Angelea Preston, who originally placed third on cycle 14, and was disqualified from the competition in the final episode of the cycle, said that she had originally won the competition but was stripped of her title after producers learned that she had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13539898", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 24)\"\nRoach, remained otherwise unchanged. The prizes for this cycle included a contract with Next Model Management, fashion spread in \"\"Paper\"\" magazine, a cash prize of from Pantene, and a featured avatar in the new \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" Mobile Game. The winner of the competition was 20 year-old Kyla Coleman from Lacey, Washington. \"\"(Ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" \"\"Original air date:\"\" The semi-finalists were introduced to the judges for the first time, and were made aware of the new casting process in which any of them could be eliminated at any point during casting week (as opposed to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20211408", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 11)\"\nwinner was 19-year-old McKey Sullivan from Lake Forest, Illinois. Starting from this cycle, the contestant called first in judging every week would have her picture (or commercial) displayed as digital art in the models' house for the rest of the week. The CoverGirl of the Week contest was replaced by a new segment called Top Models in Action, focusing on former alums post-show careers. The show featured fourteen contestants, similar to cycles 3, 4 and 10. The winner of this cycle, similar to the past four cycles, won management and representation by Elite Model Management, a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9436280", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 19)\"\nadditionally serves as its executive producer and presenter. The international destination during the cycle was Ocho Rios, Jamaica, becoming the second occasion in which the series traveled to the country, after cycle 3. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old Paul Smith's College student Laura James from Cambridge, New York. This was the first cycle to feature a cast of all-new contestants since cycle 16 (cycle 17 (\"\"All-Stars\"\") featured only returning contestants from previous cycles, while cycle 18 (\"\"British Invasion\"\") featured seven new American models alongside seven returning contestants from previous cycles of \"\"Britain & Ireland's Next Top Model\"\"). Judge", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2772527", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 13)\"\ncycle filmed entirely in the United States. The winner was Nicole Fox from Louisville, Colorado making her the youngest winner at the age of 18. This cycle featured one major change to the judging panel: judge Paulina Porizkova left the show after the previous season, marking the first change to the judging panel since Cycle 10. With her departure, only three permanent judges remained, a first for the series. This cycle also moved back to Los Angeles, after being filmed in New York City for cycle 12. The cast size was once again increased to 14 contestants. All of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11251822", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 18)\"\nCBS Records, and a 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics. The winner of the competition was 21-year-old British model Sophie Sumner from Oxford, England. The cycle featured seven contestants from previous cycles of \"\"Britain's Next Top Model\"\" for a second chance to win the title. Cycles 1 and 7 were unrepresented, cycles 2, 3, 4 and 6 were each represented by one contestant, and cycle 5 was represented by three contestants. The returning contestants from \"\"Britain's Next Top Model\"\" and their prior placements were: No episode aired on April 4, 2012 due to the CW's broadcast of \"\"One Tree Hill\"\" series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2230327", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 22)\"\nand J. Alexander returned to the judging panel, with photographer Yu Tsai remaining as creative director. Unlike the last three cycles, social media was no longer included on the show. The scoring system remained in place, but only the combined challenge and judges' scores were added into the final tally to determine who would be eliminated. While there was no international destination for this cycle, the models traveled to Las Vegas for two episodes. This is the second cycle in the series to be shot completely in the United States, after cycle 13. The winner of the competition was 25-year-old", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5856257", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 23)\"\nconsisting of Banks, fashion publicist Kelly Cutrone, and runway coach J. Alexander. Banks still served as the series' executive producer. The winner of the competition was 20 year-old India Gants from Seattle, Washington. \"\"Original air date:\"\" Twenty-eight semi-finalists partook in their first photo shoot and went on go-sees for Philipp Plein and LaQuan Smith. The contestants then had one-on-one interviews with the judges, and the episode concluded with the selection of the fourteen finalists. \"\"Original air date:\"\" The contestants received runway training from model and former \"\"Canada's Next Top Model\"\" judge Stacey McKenzie. Later, the models were introduced to Zendaya,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10475209", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 12)\"\nthe first time since cycle 9, after being maintained at 14 in the last two cycles. This was the last time Paulina Porizkova participated as judge. The winner was 20-year-old Teyona Anderson from Woodstown, New Jersey. This season averaged 4.35 million viewers per episode. \"\"(ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" \"\"First aired March 4, 2009\"\" 34 semi-finalists arrived at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada, where they were dressed up as \"\"goddesses\"\" and took a profile shot before showing off their walks. Later that night, Tyra arrived dressed up as the \"\"Goddess of Fierce\"\", and told the models that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11001394", "chunk_text": "\"McKey Sullivan\"\nMost Beautiful People of 2009. She was also named the 44th sexiest woman of 2008 by BuddyTv. McKey Sullivan Brittany \"\"McKey\"\" Alvey (née Sullivan; born September 9, 1988) is an American fashion model most notable as the winner of the eleventh cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Sullivan was born to Michael and Gayle Sullivan and has three siblings, Bridgette, Jimmy, and Mikey. She is a graduate of Lake Forest High School and attended Ripon College where she majored in government and chemical biology and was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority. She also trains in mixed martial arts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17660366", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 15)\"\nspread in \"\"Vogue Italia\"\", and both the cover and a spread in \"\"Beauty In Vogue\"\", along with an editorial feature on \"\"Vogue.it\"\", and a 100,000 contract with CoverGirl cosmetics. The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Ann Ward from Dallas, Texas. \"\"(Ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" \"\"First aired September 8, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired September 15, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired September 22, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired September 29, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired October 6, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired October 13, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired October 20, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired October 27, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired November 3, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired November 10, 2010\"\" \"\"First aired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2516019", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\nOra. The series also employs a panel of two or three additional judges, a creative director and a runway coach. Cycles 1–16, 19 and 23–24 each consisted of a cast of between 10 and 15 female contestants with no previous participation on the series. Cycle 17's cast consisted entirely of previous participants, while cycle 18's had seven new contestants and seven former \"\"Britain's Next Top Model\"\" participants. Cycles 20–22 featured male contestants in the contest, including two male winners. , 24 people have won the competition. Winners typically receive a feature in a magazine and a contract with a modeling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5149505", "chunk_text": "\"Brittani Kline\"\nBrittani Kline Brittani Kline (born May 19, 1991) is an American fashion model best known as the winner of cycle 16 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Kline was born on May 19, 1991, in Beech Creek, Pennsylvania, and is currently living in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. In 2011, Kline appeared in cycle 16 of the CW Network reality television show \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\", in which she competed against thirteen other aspiring models. Kline eventually went on to become the winner of that cycle, winning a US$ contract with CoverGirl Cosmetics, a contract with IMG Models, the cover of \"\"Beauty In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2516032", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\n4 breast cancer. The show has been referred to in many series, such as ABC Family's \"\"GREEK\"\", CBS's \"\"The Big Bang Theory\"\", and Fox's \"\"Family Guy\"\". It also had its own \"\"E! True Hollywood Story\"\" episode, featuring past contestants Ebony Haith, Giselle Samson, Elyse Sewell (all cycle 1), Adrianne Curry (cycle 1 winner), Camille McDonald (cycles 2 & 17), April Wilkner, Mercedes Scelba-Shorte (both cycle 2), Toccara Jones, Ann Markley, Amanda Swafford (all cycle 3), Eva Pigford (cycle 3 winner), Michelle Deighton (cycle 4), Brittany Brower (cycles 4 & 17), Naima Mora (cycle 4 winner), Ebony Taylor (cycle 5), Lisa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11094554", "chunk_text": "\"Ann Ward\"\nmodeling, Ward has been noted to enjoy drawing and sharing her art onto her Tumblr, Instagram, and Twitter accounts. \"\"The New York Times\"\" additionally wrote that Ward live streams herself drawing comic and anime characters. Ann Ward Ann Marie Ward (born April 20, 1991) is an American fashion model, best known as the winner of Cycle 15 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Ward states that Dallas, Texas is her hometown, although she hails from nearby Prosper, a small suburb that straddles Collin and Denton counties. She graduated from Prosper High School in 2009. She stated repeatedly that she was mocked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2230328", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 22)\"\nNyle DiMarco from Washington, D.C. DiMarco is noted for being the first deaf contestant in the history of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Returning prizes included a modeling contract with NEXT Model Management and a spread in \"\"Nylon\"\" magazine. Zappos became a new prize for the series, and the winner was chosen for a contract to become the face of the Zappos Couture's 2016 re-launch. This cycle featured guest judges including interior designers Jonathan and Drew Scott, model Chrissy Teigen, fashion editor Joe Zee and cycle 10 winner Whitney Thompson. \"\"(ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 5,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11226938", "chunk_text": "\"CariDee English\"\nCariDee English CariDee English (born September 23, 1984) is an American fashion model and TV personality who won Cycle 7 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" in December 2006. Her prize was a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl Cosmetics, a modeling contract with Elite Models, and a six-page fashion editorial and cover for \"\"Seventeen\"\" magazine. She is the first natural blonde to win \"\"ANTM\"\" and the second \"\"ANTM\"\" winner from North Dakota, the first being Nicole Linkletter of Cycle 5. English was also the host of Oxygen's biggest-premiering show to date, \"\"Pretty Wicked\"\". English was born in Fargo, North Dakota, to Pam", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12203067", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 24)\"\npart in a photo shoot for the winner's spread to be published in \"\"Paper\"\" magazine. They later reunited with the formerly eliminated contestants for the final runway show. Immediately following the runway show, Khrystyana was eliminated based on the results from the photo shoot that had taken place earlier that week. The judges deliberated over the body of work of the remaining two finalists, and at the end of the night, Kyla was crowned as the winner. America's Next Top Model (season 24) The twenty-fourth cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" premiered on January 9, 2018 and was the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16550239", "chunk_text": "\"Holland's Next Top Model\"\neliminations. In 2015, the show crowned the first openly transgender contestant in the history of the franchise when Loiza Lamers was chosen as the winner of the eighth cycle by the Dutch public. In 2017, it was announced that the show would begin allowing the participation of male contestants, becoming the 11th adaptation in the franchise to convert to a co-ed show since 2013. The current judging panel consists of fashion blogger and model Anna Nooshin, stylist JeanPaul Paula, former \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" panelist Nigel Barker, and cycle 2 winner Kim Feenstra. The most recent winner of the series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13539905", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 24)\"\nhad to advertise Jourdan's clothing brand, LonDunn. Jeana was chosen as the winner of the challenge. On set the contestants were photographed by Tyra in a photo shoot where they had to pose with plus-sized male models covered in gold body paint. At elimination, Kyla received best photo. Khrystyana and Sandra landed in bottom two, and Sandra was eliminated from the competition. \"\"Original air date:\"\" The seven remaining models met with Ashley Graham and movement coach Jermaine Browne for a motion shoot challenge, which was won by Jeana. They later had a couture photo shoot in the desert while posing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19605943", "chunk_text": "\"Nyle DiMarco\"\nNyle DiMarco Nyle DiMarco (born May 8, 1989) is an American model, actor, and deaf activist. In 2015, DiMarco was the second male winner and the first deaf winner of The CW's \"\"America's Next Top Model Cycle 22\"\". The following year, he won season 22 of the ABC televised dance competition \"\"Dancing with the Stars\"\", with professional dance partner Peta Murgatroyd. DiMarco was born Nyle Thompson, explaining in 2016 that at some unspecified point, \"\"We changed our last name from Thompson to DiMarco (our mother's maiden name).\"\" DiMarco grew up in Frederick, Maryland, where he attended the Maryland School for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12252754", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 19)\"\nrevoke their decisions after the makeovers were revealed. Maria and Victoria refused their makeovers, while everyone else accepted. For the photo shoot, they posed nude with Rob Evans. Maria withdrew from the competition while the shoot was in progress. Victoria received the highest score of the week, while Darian received the lowest and was the second contestant eliminated. \"\"Originally aired \"\" The contestants were judged by Tyra Banks and Tyler Perry for their next challenge, which took place on 3rd Street, Santa Monica Boulevard; they portrayed \"\"over-the-top\"\" characters. Kiara won and was given a role in one of Perry's newest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11001387", "chunk_text": "\"McKey Sullivan\"\nMcKey Sullivan Brittany \"\"McKey\"\" Alvey (née Sullivan; born September 9, 1988) is an American fashion model most notable as the winner of the eleventh cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Sullivan was born to Michael and Gayle Sullivan and has three siblings, Bridgette, Jimmy, and Mikey. She is a graduate of Lake Forest High School and attended Ripon College where she majored in government and chemical biology and was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority. She also trains in mixed martial arts with her husband, Sam Alvey. She was known for appearing at the Bristol Renaissance Faire, which inspired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2516031", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\nReighard. The \"\"ANTM\"\" franchise released a clothing and accessories line based on the television show, which is sold at most Walmart stores. It ranges from cosmetic products to handbags. Dolls were also released based on the show that were made by MGA Entertainment. 2015: Eighth-placing finalist Mirjana Puhar (cycle 21) was shot and killed on February 24, 2015 in her boyfriend's home in Charlotte, North Carolina. 2016: Kimberly Rydzewski (cycle 10) died on December 19, 2016 due to suicide, she was 29 years old. 2018: On December 4, 2018 Jeall Strauss (cycle 8) died at age 34 due to stage", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4603379", "chunk_text": "\"Nicole Fox\"\nshe knows how to communicate her emotions through her eyes, she has a suggestive voice, an impressive physique, and she isn’t afraid of taking risks.\"\" In 2014, Fox starred in\"\" Girlhouse\"\" as Mia, a beautiful young model who lives in a house that streams content to an X-rated website. Nicole Fox Nicole Arianna Fox (born March 6, 1991) is an American-French model and actress, best known as the winner of Cycle 13 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Fox graduated from Monarch High School. As of 2009, she was a sophomore student at University of Colorado at Boulder majoring in studio", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18975946", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 20)\"\nModel Management, a spread in \"\"Nylon\"\" magazine, and a US$100,000 campaign with \"\"Guess\"\". The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Jourdan Miller from Bend, Oregon. \"\"(Ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 2, 2013 (8/7c)\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 2, 2013 (9/8c)\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 9, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 16, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 23, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: August 30, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: September 6, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: September 13, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: September 20, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: September 27, 2013\"\" \"\"Original airdate: October 4, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: October 11, 2013\"\" \"\"Original Airdate: October 18, 2013\"\" \"\"Original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15091326", "chunk_text": "\"Adrianne Curry\"\n5, 2017. Curry left Hollywood for good to pursue a normal \"\"rural\"\" life. Curry now runs her own lifestyle blog from her remote location. She and Rhode moved to Whitefish, Montana. They eloped in Glacier National Park in Montana on September 15, 2018. She is of Italian descent through her maternal grandmother. Adrianne Curry Adrianne Marie Curry-Rhode (born August 6, 1982) is an American model and reality television personality. Curry won the first cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". She was signed to Wilhelmina Models in New York City. She has modeled for several magazines, including \"\"Life & Style Weekly\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13539897", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 24)\"\nAmerica's Next Top Model (season 24) The twenty-fourth cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" premiered on January 9, 2018 and was the second season to air on VH1. Continuing from cycle 23, this cycle featured an all-female cast. However, in a first for the series, the maximum age limit was removed, allowing contestants of all ages to enter the contest. \"\"Top Model\"\" franchise creator Tyra Banks returned as the show's host after being replaced for one cycle by singer Rita Ora. The judging panel, consisting of model Ashley Graham, \"\"Paper\"\" magazine chief creative officer Drew Elliott, and celebrity stylist Law", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10324697", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 7)\"\ndeciding on the winner. The prizes for this were: The following prizes have been removed: The international destination during this cycle was Barcelona, Spain. The winner was 21-year-old CariDee English from Fargo, North Dakota. Amanda and Michelle Babin are identical twins; however, they competed individually. \"\"First aired September 20, 2006 The thirty-three semi-finalists went on their first photoshoot which consisted of ten poses. They then had their interviews with Jay Manuel, J. Alexander, and Tyra. The cuts reduced the semi-finalists down to twenty-one where they had their first nude shoot. The final cut resulted in thirteen finalists. The thirteen finalists", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13125871", "chunk_text": "\"Nicole Fox\"\nNicole Fox Nicole Arianna Fox (born March 6, 1991) is an American-French model and actress, best known as the winner of Cycle 13 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Fox graduated from Monarch High School. As of 2009, she was a sophomore student at University of Colorado at Boulder majoring in studio arts. She wanted to be an artist, journalist and model. Fox was the eleventh girl selected as one of the 14 finalists to compete in Cycle 13: the \"\"Petite Edition\"\" of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\", a cycle that was specially created for models who are 5'7\"\" and under. Fox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8651922", "chunk_text": "\"Jaslene Gonzalez\"\nthe competition, Gonzalez was called first at panel four times, received four Covergirl of the Week awards, and won one reward challenge. She was also the second contestant and first winner to never be in the bottom two. On the season finale, Gonzalez was revealed as the winner. She is the second of three winners from Illinois, preceded by Adrianne Curry of cycle 1, and followed by McKey Sullivan of cycle 11. Contrary to popular belief she is not the first Hispanic to win America's Next Top Model, as cycle 2 winner Yoanna House was born to a Mexican mother", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17817590", "chunk_text": "\"Nicole Linkletter\"\nNicole Linkletter Nicole Linkletter Nathanson (born 18 April 1985) is an American fashion model and the winner of Cycle 5 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". Her prizes were a contract with Ford Models, a $100,000 contract with CoverGirl, and her photo appearing in a Ford Fusion (Americas) national advert. She is the first of two America's Next Top Model winners from North Dakota, the second being CariDee English, winner of America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7. Linkletter was born and raised in Grand Forks, North Dakota, the daughter of Monica and Steve Linkletter. She has two sisters. Linkletter graduated from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10475230", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 12)\"\nkitchen. Teyona asked Celia if she had \"\"felt like fool\"\" and Aminat also called Natalie \"\"stupid\"\" after Natalie told Tahlia that is a competition and that she and the other girls would try to send Tahlia home if this was not a career pathway for her. The girls' challenge was to pose using face cut-outs in famous photos of Tyra Banks. Celia was criticised for focusing too much on her body, while London and Natalie excelled. Natalie was ultimately chosen as the winner, and she received 50% more frames at the next photo shoot as her prize. Back at the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13539907", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 24)\"\ntry photo shoot for \"\"Paper\"\" magazine. At elimination, Rio received best photo. Erin and Shanice landed in the bottom two, and Erin was eliminated from the competition. \"\"Original air date:\"\" This episode featured behind the scenes and never before seen footage of the cycle, and highlighted each contestants journey to the top five. Original air date: March 20, 2018 The remaining finalists had a challenge in which they had to create personalized avatars for the new \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" mobile game. Khrystyana was chosen as the winner, and received an assortment of clothes styled by Law Roach. The models", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20744363", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 21)\"\na factor in eliminations, with public voting taking place on the show's official page. The fourteen finalists were revealed when voting began. The international destination for this cycle was Seoul, South Korea. Five of the episodes were filmed in Seoul, one of which featured James of Royal Pirates, and the finale had guest appearances from K-pop girl group 2NE1, boy band BTOB, actor and model Lee Soo-hyuk and fashion designer Lie Sang Bong. The winner of the competition was 26-year-old Keith Carlos from Bridgeport, Connecticut. He was the show's first male winner. Eighth-placing finalist Mirjana Puhar was shot and killed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19755993", "chunk_text": "\"Laura James\"\nLaura James Laura Ellen James (born November 18, 1990) is an American model. She is the winner of America's Next Top Model Cycle 19. She is the daughter of actor John James, known for portraying Jeff Colby on the 1980s soap opera \"\"Dynasty\"\". Her mother is also a model who represented Australia in the Miss World Pageant. In 2012, James rose to prominence after winning the nineteenth cycle of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\", and was consequentially signed with L.A. Models and New York Model Management. Laura James was born in Cambridge, New York to American actor John James and Australian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2516023", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\nreviewed the best catfights, mishaps and most memorable photo shoots, personalities, defining moments and contained other segments about the show since cycles 1 to 9, and featured a special opening fusing all three openings together. Camille McDonald (cycles 2 and 17), Toccara Jones (cycle 3), Eva Pigford (cycle 3 winner), Bre Scullark (cycles 5 and 17), Cassandra Whitehead (cycle 5), Joanie Dodds (cycle 6), Jael Strauss (cycle 8), Dionne Walters (cycle 8), Heather Kuzmich (cycle 9), and Bianca Golden (cycles 9 and 17) all returned to comment on events that happened in their or other cycles. After announcing that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17167938", "chunk_text": "\"Yoanna House\"\nYoanna House Yoanna House (born April 9, 1980) is an American fashion model and television host, best known as the winner of Cycle 2 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". House was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. House's father, a medical doctor, is from Canada and her mother is from Mexico. From early childhood, House showed great interest in fashion, which she claims was spurred by her grandmother, saying: I was always in her closet. We would watch TV, read magazines, go to the mall. She taught me about couture and how important it was. A lot of my appreciation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5130318", "chunk_text": "\"Krista White\"\nKrista White Krista White (born December 19, 1984) is an American fashion model, best known as the winner of Cycle 14 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". As part of her win, she was signed with Wilhelmina Models, received a $100,000 contract with Covergirl, and appeared on the cover of Seventeen Magazine. White was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. She worked as a retail manager before her stint on ANTM. White won the fourteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model. She received four consecutive first call-outs. She was never placed in the bottom two, making her the fourth winner to achieve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9436291", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 19)\"\nbeing revealed the following episode. \"\"Originally aired \"\" Leila was revealed as the contestant with the highest average fan vote score out of the seven eliminated contestants, meaning she was reinstated into the contest. The final six (Leila, Kiara, Kristin, Laura, Nastasia and Victoria) were flown to Jamaica for the remaining rounds of the competition. They were split into pairs for the challenge, in which they performed dancehall routines; they were judged by Jonte' and dancehall recording artist Konshens. Kiara and Nastasia won; their prize was over $3,000 worth of jewelry from Piece-is of Bianca. For the photo shoot, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20303851", "chunk_text": "\"Allison Harvard\"\nSeptember 21, 2012 it was announced that Harvard would be making her acting debut as the character Carina in the independent feature film \"\"Insensate\"\". The film was released early August 2013 on iTunes. Insensate was later released on Amazon. Allison Harvard Allison Elizabeth Harvard (born January 8, 1988) is an American model, artist, actress, and Internet celebrity, best known as the runner-up of both cycle 12 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" and \"\"America's Next Top Model: All-Stars\"\". Harvard has appeared on the cover of magazines such as \"\"Harper's Bazaar\"\", ONE, WeTheUrban, and one of the Philippines' leading fashion megazines, \"\"Mega\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9346050", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 10)\"\nalso altered; Twiggy was replaced by Czech model Paulina Porizkova due to the former's scheduling conflicts. The prizes for this cycle were: The international destination for this cycle is Rome, Italy. The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Whitney Thompson from Atlantic Beach, Florida. Thompson was the first plus-size model to win the competition. This season averaged 4.23 million viewers. Starting with this season, episode titles are taken from quotes made by the contestants and crew. It replaces \"\"The Girl is...\"\" episode. \"\"First aired February 20, 2008\"\" \"\"First aired February 27, 2008\"\" \"\"First aired March 5, 2008\"\" \"\"First aired March", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18074539", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 17)\"\nSeptember 21, 2011\"\" \"\"First aired September 28, 2011\"\" \"\"First aired October 5, 2011\"\" \"\"First aired October 12, 2011\"\" \"\"First aired October 19, 2011\"\" \"\"First aired October 26, 2011\"\" \"\"First aired November 2, 2011\"\" \"\"First aired November 9, 2011\"\" \"\"First airing November 16, 2011\"\" \"\"First airing November 23, 2011\"\" \"\"First airing November 30, 2011\"\" \"\"First airing December 7, 2011\"\" Following the finale, reports began to speculate regarding the disqualification of Angelea Preston. Due to the bizarre circumstances surrounding the event, including the re-shooting of the final panel/winner reveal, many people began to speculate that Preston had been originally named the winner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17167942", "chunk_text": "\"Yoanna House\"\n\"\"America's Next Top Model\"\" Naima Mora. In the summer of 2008, House hosted The N's reality series \"\"Queen Bees\"\", which attempts to reform mean girls. She filmed a PSA for Declare Yourself, parodying a lipstick commercial. Yoanna House Yoanna House (born April 9, 1980) is an American fashion model and television host, best known as the winner of Cycle 2 of \"\"America's Next Top Model\"\". House was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. House's father, a medical doctor, is from Canada and her mother is from Mexico. From early childhood, House showed great interest in fashion, which she claims was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13869111", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model\"\nthat most of cycle 8's girls were unusually heavy smokers. \"\"Tyra and I understand the influence 'Top Model' has on a generation of young people, and we want to make sure we get the right message to our audience,\"\" Mok said, which then prompted the \"\"green\"\" theme of cycle 9. The winner of cycle 9, Saleisha Stowers, was discovered to have been in a Wendy's commercial, on a catwalk in the cycle 6 show and an episode of Tyra Banks Show prior to her participation. The rules of the competition stated that a contestant must not have appeared as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "765926", "chunk_text": "\"Nyle DiMarco\"\nsupported Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign during the 2016 U.S. election. He criticized Republican nominee Donald Trump, after reports surfaced of ableist comments, one directed at deaf actress Marlee Matlin. DiMarco stated, \"\"[T]here are 55 million disabled people living in America. I don't want a president who marginalizes my community.\"\" Nyle DiMarco Nyle DiMarco (born May 8, 1989) is an American model, actor, and deaf activist. In 2015, DiMarco was the second male winner and the first deaf winner of The CW's \"\"America's Next Top Model Cycle 22\"\". The following year, he won season 22 of the ABC televised dance competition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2385293", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 16)\"\nAmerica's Next Top Model (season 16) The sixteenth cycle of America's Next Top Model premiered on February 23, 2011, and was the tenth season to be aired on The CW. The catch-phrase for this cycle is \"\"Rainy Day Women.\"\" The prizes for this cycle were: All three permanent judges from the previous cycle – \"\"Vogue\"\" editor-at-large André Leon Talley, photographer Nigel Barker and Tyra Banks herself – remain. The international destination for this cycle is Marrakech, Morocco. The winner was 19-year-old Brittani Kline from Beech Creek, Pennsylvania. \"\"(ages stated are at start of contest)\"\" \"\"First aired February 23, 2011\"\" \"\"First", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3726765", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 9)\"\nthe most successful in the show's history. This was also the last cycle to date in which Twiggy was featured as a judge. For cycle 10, she was replaced by Paulina Porizkova. The winner was 21-year-old Saleisha Stowers from Los Angeles, California. \"\"First aired September 19, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired September 26, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired October 3, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired October 10, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired October 17, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired October 24, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired October 31, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired November 7, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired November 14, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired November 21, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired November 28, 2007\"\" \"\"First aired December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14415443", "chunk_text": "\"America's Next Top Model (season 1)\"\nFrance. The winner of the competition was 20-year-old Adrianne Curry from Joliet, Illinois. Her prizes were a modelling contract with Wilhelmina Models, a photo spread in \"\"Marie Claire\"\" magazine and a contract with Revlon cosmetics. \"\"First aired May 20, 2003\"\" Twenty semi-finalists, chosen from thousands of hopefuls, arrived in Los Angeles for the preliminary round of the competition. The contestants were told that only ten of them would make it to the finals, but after their meetings with Tyra Banks and the producers, only eight advanced. Two more contestants, Giselle and Tessa, were added to the final cast following a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20078529", "chunk_text": "\"Aleyna FitzGerald\"\nAleyna FitzGerald Aleyna FitzGerald (born 4 September 1999) is an Australian model best known for being the winner of cycle 10 of \"\"Australia's Next Top Model\"\". In 2016, Fitzgerald was crowned as the winner of cycle 10 of \"\"Australia's Next Top Model\"\". The prizes for this cycle included a one-year modelling contract with Priscilla's Model Management in Sydney, a trip to New York City for New York Fashion Week, a Mazda2 Hatch, and an editorial spread in \"\"Elle\"\" Australia. In March 2017, Fitzgerald made her catwalk debut walking shows in Paris, such as Saint Laurent, Dior, Valentino, and Sacai. Fitzgerald", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3277	how do you say evil eye in greek?	n/a	[ "matiasma", "vaskania (βασκανία)" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623322", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nhave been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC, when it commonly appeared on drinking vessels. In Greece, the evil eye is cast away through the process of \"\"xematiasma\"\" (), whereby the \"\"healer\"\" silently recites a secret prayer passed over from an older relative of the opposite sex, usually a grandparent. Such prayers are revealed only under specific circumstances, as according to their customs those who reveal them indiscriminately lose their ability to cast off the evil eye. There are several regional versions of the prayer in question, a common one being: \"\"Holy Virgin,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623328", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nit stems from admiration. Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye, it is advised to be humble. The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or \"\"vaskania\"\" () is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the \"\"Megan Hieron Synekdemon\"\" () book of prayers. The cornicello, \"\"little horn\"\", also called the \"\"cornetto\"\" (\"\"little horn\"\", plural \"\"cornetti\"\"), is a long,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623327", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nafflicted. Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul-mouthing you that you ought to be wary of. The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated. Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω! which translates to \"\"I spit so that I won't give you the evil eye.\"\" Contrary to popular belief, the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623302", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nmany Mediterranean and Asian tribes and cultures. Charms and decorations with eye-like symbols known as nazars, which are used to repel the evil eye, are a common sight across Armenia, Azerbaijan, Albania, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Israel, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan,Maldives, parts of North India, Palestine, Morocco, southern Spain, Italy, Malta, Romania, the Balkans, the Levant, Afghanistan, Syria, and Mexico, and have become a popular choice of souvenir with tourists. Belief in the evil eye dates back to Classical antiquity. It is referenced by Hesiod, Callimachus, Plato, Diodorus Siculus, Theocritus, Plutarch, Heliodorus, Pliny the Elder, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "332606", "chunk_text": "\"Apotropaic magic\"\nevil eye. An exaggerated apotropaic eye or a pair of eyes were painted on Greek drinking vessels called \"\"kylikes\"\" (eye-cups) from the 6th century BCE. The exaggerated eyes may have been intended to prevent evil spirits from entering the mouth while drinking. Fishing boats in some parts of the Mediterranean region still have stylised eyes painted on the bows. The defunct Turkish budget airline, Fly Air, adopted the symbol \"\"nazar boncuğu\"\" (\"\"nazar bonjuk\"\") on the vertical stabilizer (fin) of its aeroplanes. The apotropaic Yiddish expression, \"\"\"\" (\"\"no evil eye\"\", , in modern Hebrew \"\"בלי עין הרע\"\"-\"\"Bli ein ha'ra\"\") is somewhat", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623308", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nsay \"\"Masha'Allah\"\", that is, \"\"God has willed it\"\", or invoking God's blessings upon the object or person that is being admired. A number of beliefs about the evil eye are also found in folk religion, typically revolving around the use of amulets or talismans as a means of protection. In the Aegean Region and other areas where light-colored eyes are relatively rare, people with green eyes, and especially blue eyes, are thought to bestow the curse, intentionally or unintentionally. Thus, in Greece and Turkey amulets against the evil eye take the form of blue eyes, and in the painting by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623310", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nthe interviewee or co-presenter to stop talking due to a shortage of time. Attempts to ward off the curse of the evil eye have resulted in a number of talismans in many cultures. As a class, they are called \"\"\"\"apotropaic\"\"\"\" (Greek for \"\"prophylactic\"\" / προφυλακτικός or \"\"protective\"\", literally: \"\"turns away\"\") talismans, meaning that they turn away or turn back harm. Disks or balls, consisting of concentric blue and white circles (usually, from inside to outside, dark blue, light blue, white, and dark blue) representing an evil eye are common apotropaic talismans in West Asia, found on the prows of Mediterranean", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623348", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nwith an eye in the center; Italians employ horns, phallic shapes meant to distract spell casters. In most languages, the name translates literally into English as \"\"bad eye\"\", \"\"evil eye\"\", \"\"evil look\"\", or just \"\"the Eye\"\". Some variants on this general pattern from around the world are: Evil eye The evil eye is a curse or legend believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury. Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called \"\"evil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623323", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nOur Lady, if [insert name of the victim] is suffering of the evil eye, release him/her of it.\"\" Evil repeated three times. According to custom, if one is indeed afflicted with the evil eye, both victim and \"\"healer\"\" then start yawning profusely. The \"\"healer\"\" then performs the sign of the cross three times, and emits spitting-like sounds in the air three times. A very similar ritual can be found in neighboring Macedonia and Bulgaria, as well as in Corsica. Another \"\"test\"\" used to check if the evil eye was cast is that of the oil: under normal conditions, olive oil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623311", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nboats and elsewhere; in some forms of the folklore, the staring eyes are supposed to bend the malicious gaze back to the sorcerer. Known as \"\"nazar\"\" ( or ), this talisman is most frequently seen in Turkey, found in or on houses and vehicles or worn as beads. A blue or green eye can also be found on some forms of the hamsa hand, an apotropaic hand-shaped talisman against the evil eye found in West Asia. The word hamsa, also spelled khamsa and hamesh, means \"\"five\"\" referring to the fingers of the hand. In Jewish culture, the hamsa is called", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623347", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nenvy. Since ancient times such maledictions have been collectively called the evil eye. According to the book \"\"The Evil Eye\"\" by folklorist Alan Dundes, the belief's premise is that an individual can cause harm simply by looking at another's person or property. However, protection is easy to come by with talismans that can be worn, carried, or hung in homes, most often incorporating the contours of a human eye. In Aegean countries, people with light-colored eyes are thought to be particularly powerful, and amulets in Greece and Turkey are usually blue orbs. Indians and Jews use charms with palm-forward hands", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623313", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nto destroy the evil eye, or a human eye (Turkish: Göz) to avert the evil gaze. The shape of a lucky amulet (Turkish: Muska; often, a triangular package containing a sacred verse) is often woven into kilims for the same reason. The evil eye, or \"\"al-’ayn\"\" , is a common belief that individuals have the power to look at people, animals or objects to cause them harm. It is tradition among many Muslims that if a compliment is to be made one should say \"\"\"\"TabarakAllah\"\"\"\" () (\"\"Blessings of God\"\") or \"\"\"\"Masha'Allah\"\"\"\" () (\"\"God has willed it\"\") to ward off the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623305", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nRoman Empire. There were places in which people felt more conscious of the danger of the evil eye. In Roman times, not only were individuals considered to possess the power of the evil eye but whole tribes, especially those of Pontus and Scythia, were believed to be transmitters of the evil eye. The phallic charm called \"\"fascinum\"\" in Latin, from the verb \"\"fascinare\"\", \"\"to cast a spell\"\" (the origin of the English word \"\"fascinate\"\") is one example of an apotropaic object used against the evil eye. They have been found throughout Europe and into the Middle East from contexts dating", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623330", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nseeking refuge in the moist female genitals. Among the ancient Romans and their cultural descendants in the Mediterranean nations, those who were not fortified with phallic charms had to make use of sexual gestures to avoid the eye. Such gestures include scratching one's testicles (for men), as well as the \"\"mano cornuta\"\" gesture and the fig sign; a fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers, representing the phallus within the vagina. In addition to the phallic talismans, statues of hands in these gestures, or covered with magical symbols, were carried by the Romans as talismans. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623301", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nEvil eye The evil eye is a curse or legend believed to be cast by a malevolent glare, usually given to a person when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving the evil eye will cause misfortune or injury. Talismans created to protect against the evil eye are also frequently called \"\"evil eyes\"\". The idea expressed by the term causes many different cultures to pursue protective measures against it. The concept and its significance vary widely among different cultures, primarily in West Asia. The idea appears multiple times in Jewish rabbinic literature. It was a widely extended belief among", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623318", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nthose around us.\"\" Many Observant Jews avoid talking about valuable items they own, good luck that has come to them and, in particular, their children. If any of these are mentioned, the speaker and/or listener will say \"\"b'li ayin hara\"\" (Hebrew), meaning \"\"without an evil eye\"\", or \"\"kein eina hara\"\" (Yiddish; often shortened to \"\"kennahara\"\"), \"\"no evil eye\"\". Another way to ward off the evil eye is to spit three times (or pretend to). Romans call this custom \"\"despuere malum,\"\" to spit at evil. It has also been suggested the 10th commandment: \"\"do not covet anything that belongs to your", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623332", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nwhole cycle of stories about the disasters that happened in his wake were current in Rome during the latter decades of the 19th century. Public figures of every type, from poets to gangsters, have had their specialized abilities attributed to the power of their eyes. The symbol of the eye, known as \"\"l-għajn\"\", is common on traditional fishing boats which are known as luzzu. They are said to protect fishermen from storms and malicious intentions. The evil eye or 'Mal de Ojo' has been deeply embedded in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623303", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nAulus Gellius. Peter Walcot's \"\"Envy and the Greeks\"\" (1978) listed more than one hundred works by these and other authors mentioning the evil eye. Classical authors attempted both to describe and to explain the function of the evil eye. Plutarch's scientific explanation stated that the eyes were the chief, if not sole, source of the deadly rays that were supposed to spring up like poisoned darts from the inner recesses of a person possessing the evil eye. Plutarch treated the phenomenon of the evil eye as something seemingly inexplicable that is a source of wonder and cause of incredulity. Pliny", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623306", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nfrom the first century BC to the fourth century AD. The phallic charms were often objects of personal adornment (such as pendants and finger rings), but also appeared as stone carvings on buildings, mosaics, and wind-chimes (\"\"tintinnabula\"\"). Examples of stone phallic carvings, such as from Leptis Magna, depict a disembodied phallus attacking an evil eye by ejaculating towards it. In describing their ability to deflect the Evil Eye, Ralph Merrifield described the Roman phallic charm as a \"\"kind of lightning conductor for bad luck\"\". Belief in the evil eye is strongest in West Asia, Latin America, East and West Africa,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7774878", "chunk_text": "Cut-eye\nMiddle East, the gesture was believed to carry a supernatural power. In the Eurasian context, the cut-eye or evil-eye gesture would bring bad omens upon the recipient and was believed to bring sickness, curses, and possibly death; as a result the use of the evil-eye gesture could often lead to banishment or Eurasian version of the gesture is most represented in modern culture by the potential offense upon receiving the cut-eye, but also shows in the large range of severity the gesture can carry. The visual gesture of cut-eye is found in many Ghanaian languages, including translations in Akan, Ga,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1926328", "chunk_text": "\"The Evil Eye (1830 short fiction)\"\n(Albanian) Klepht leader who lives in Yannina, Greece. Many years before the story begins, Dmitri's Sciote wife was murdered and his daughter kidnapped by Mainote pirates while he is away from home. Dmitri searched for his daughter for three years before giving up hope, gaining a scar across his eyebrow and cheek in a battle with Mainotes. This scar and his grief and anger transformed his features and character such that he is rumoured to possess the power of the Evil Eye. When the story begins, Dmitri's friend and sworn brother, the Moreot Katusthius Ziani visits Dmitri to ask for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "332605", "chunk_text": "\"Apotropaic magic\"\nwater would be poured over the stele and—after ritually acquiring healing powers—was collected in a basin for an afflicted person to drink. Among the ancient Greeks, the most widely used image intended to avert evil was that of the Gorgon, the head of which now may be called the \"\"Gorgoneion\"\", which features wild eyes, fangs, and protruding tongue. The full figure of the Gorgon holds the apex of the oldest remaining Greek temple where she is flanked by two lionesses. The Gorgon head was mounted on the aegis and shield of Athena. Eyes were often painted to ward off the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623337", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\n\"\"heavy look\"\", the proper way of protection is by attaching a red ribbon to the animal, baby or object, in order to attract the gaze to the ribbon rather than to the object intended to be protected. Brazilians generally will associate \"\"mal-olhado\"\", \"\"mau-olhado\"\" (\"\"act of giving a bad look\"\") or \"\"olho gordo\"\" (\"\"fat eye\"\" i.e. \"\"gluttonous eye\"\") with envy or jealousy on domestic and garden plants (that, after months or years of health and beauty, will suddenly weaken, wither and die, with no apparent signs of pest, after the visitation of a certain friend or relative), attractive hair and less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623304", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nthe Elder described the ability of certain African enchanters to have the \"\"power of fascination with the eyes and can even kill those on whom they fix their gaze\"\". The idea of the evil eye appears in the poetry of Virgil in a conversation between the shepherds Menalcas and Damoetas. In the passage, Menalcas is lamenting the poor health of his stock: \"\"What eye is it that has fascinated my tender lambs?\"\". The belief in the evil eye during antiquity varied across different regions and periods. The evil eye was not feared with equal intensity in every corner of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "332602", "chunk_text": "\"Apotropaic magic\"\nApotropaic magic Apotropaic magic (from Greek \"\"to ward off\"\" from \"\"away\"\" and \"\"to turn\"\") is a type of magic intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the evil eye. Apotropaic observances may also be practiced out of vague superstition or out of tradition, as in good luck charms (perhaps some token on a charm bracelet), amulets, or gestures such as crossed fingers or knocking on wood. The Greeks made offerings to the \"\"averting gods\"\" (), chthonic deities and heroes who grant safety and deflect evil. Apotropaic magical rituals were practiced throughout the ancient", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623316", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nEnglish, he explained that it was a charm or guard against the evil eye. The evil eye is mentioned several times in the classic \"\"Pirkei Avot (Ethics of Our Fathers)\"\". In Chapter II, five disciples of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakai give advice on how to follow the good path in life and avoid the bad. Rabbi Eliezer says an evil eye is worse than a bad friend, a bad neighbor, or an evil heart. Judaism believes that a \"\"good eye\"\" designates an attitude of good will and kindness towards others. Someone who has this attitude in life will rejoice when", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11956171", "chunk_text": "Gello\nnew life – may be symbolized in initiation ceremonies such as baptism, which marked the separation of the child from the taint of its mother's \"\"gello\"\"-attracting blood. The Greek folk belief continued into the modern era. One exorcism text dating from around the turn of the 19th–20th century gives Baskania as a name for the \"\"gello\"\" as well as for the evil eye. Scholarly discussions of Gello associate her with and analyze the meaning of her narrative traditions in relation to the following demons and supernatural beings: Gello Gello (), in Greek mythology, is a female demon or revenant who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10800051", "chunk_text": "\"Daemon (classical mythology)\"\nlot. In the Old Testament, evil spirits appear in the book of Judges and in Kings. In the Septuagint, made for the Greek-speaking Jews of Alexandria, the Greek \"\"ángelos\"\" (ἄγγελος \"\"messenger\"\") translates the Hebrew word \"\"mal'ak\"\", while \"\"daimon\"\" (or neuter \"\"daimonion\"\" (δαιμόνιον)) carries the meaning of a natural spirit that is less than divine (see supernatural) and translates the Hebrew words for idols, foreign deities, certain beasts, and natural evils. The use of \"\"daimōn\"\" in the New Testament's original Greek text caused the Greek word to be applied to the Judeo-Christian concept of an evil spirit by the early second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623314", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\nevil eye. Reciting Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas from the Qur'an, three times after Fajr and after Maghrib is also used as a means of personal protection against the evil eye. Assyrians are also strong believers in the evil eye. They will usually wear a blue/turquoise bead around a necklace to be protected from the evil eye. Also, they might pinch the buttocks, comparable to Armenians. It is said that people with green or blue eyes are more prone to the evil eye effect. A simple and instant way of protection in European Christian countries is to make", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16623320", "chunk_text": "\"Evil eye\"\ntourists. Belief in the evil eye, or \"\"buda\"\" (var. \"\"bouda\"\"), is widespread in Ethiopia. Buda is generally believed to be a power held and wielded by those in a different social group, for example among the metalworkers. Some Ethiopian Christians carry an amulet or talisman, known as a \"\"kitab\"\", or will invoke God's name, to ward off the ill effects of buda. A debtera, who is either an unordained priest or educated layperson, will create these protective amulets or talismans. In Pakistan, the evil eye is called \"\"Nazar\"\" (نظر). People usually may resort to reading the last three chapters of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17998065", "chunk_text": "\"Eye shadow\"\nbeauty unguents, and hair dyes were in universal use. Export and sale of these items formed an important part of trade around the Mediterranean. During the 7th and 8th centuries BC, Corinthian, Rhodian and East Greek traders dominated markets in perfume flasks and cosmetic containers. The containers included aryballoi, alabastra, pyxides and other small specialized shapes. Men and women in the Near East painted their faces with kohl just like the Egyptians did. This was to protect them from the ‘evil eye.’ After the defeat of the Greeks by the Romans, the Romans adapted the Egyptian custom, albeit with different", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3343937", "chunk_text": "\"Greek alphabet\"\nthe older forms of the names in Ancient Greek were spelled with , indicating an original pronunciation with \"\"-ē\"\". In Modern Greek these names are spelled with . The following group of vowel letters were originally called simply by their sound values as long vowels: ē, ō, ū, and . Their modern names contain adjectival qualifiers that were added during the Byzantine period, to distinguish between letters that had become confusable. Thus, the letters and , pronounced identically by this time, were called \"\"o mikron\"\" (\"\"small o\"\") and \"\"o mega\"\" (\"\"big o\"\") respectively. The letter was called \"\"e psilon\"\" (\"\"plain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7297453", "chunk_text": "\"Nazar (given name)\"\n\"\"vow\"\", which is in use as a name in Arabic and Urdu-speaking areas and in some Islamic countries, mainly in the eastern part of the Islamic world; it is a shortening of Nadhr al-Islam. Nazar, or evil eye stone, is an amulet of stone or glass which is believed to protect against evil eye, widely used in Greece, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and other Turkic-speaking countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan, therefore this name implies that the male named Nazar should be wise and handsome. Nazar (given name) Nazar is a masculine name with multiple origins. As used by Christians, it means \"\"from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2934017", "chunk_text": "\"God (word)\"\nGreek \"\"θέω\"\" (\"\"theō\"\"), \"\"run\"\", and \"\"θεωρέω\"\" (\"\"theoreō\"\"), \"\"to look at, to see, to observe\"\", Latin ' \"\"holidays\"\", ' \"\"temple\"\", and also Armenian ' \"\"gods\"\". Alternative suggestions (e.g. by De Saussure) connect ' \"\"smoke, spirit\"\", attested in Baltic and Germanic words for \"\"spook\"\" and ultimately cognate with Latin ' \"\"smoke.\"\" The earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek \"\"te-o\"\" (plural \"\"te-o-i\"\"), written in Linear B syllabic script. The development of English orthography was dominated by Christian texts. Capitalized, \"\"God\"\" was first used to refer to the Judeo-Christian concept and may now signify any monotheistic conception of God, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8929349", "chunk_text": "Antimony\nused by Attic tragic poets of the 5th century BC. Later Greeks also used στἰβι \"\"stibi\"\", as did Celsus and Pliny, writing in Latin, in the first century AD. Pliny also gives the names \"\"stimi\"\" , \"\"larbaris\"\", alabaster, and the \"\"very common\"\" \"\"platyophthalmos\"\", \"\"wide-eye\"\" (from the effect of the cosmetic). Later Latin authors adapted the word to Latin as \"\"stibium\"\". The Arabic word for the substance, as opposed to the cosmetic, can appear as إثمد \"\"ithmid, athmoud, othmod\"\", or \"\"uthmod\"\". Littré suggests the first form, which is the earliest, derives from \"\"stimmida\"\", an accusative for \"\"stimmi\"\". The British Geological Survey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19492231", "chunk_text": "Gorgon\nheld it aloft, turning the whole court to stone. In Ancient Greece a \"\"Gorgoneion\"\" (a stone head, engraving, or drawing of a Gorgon face, often with snakes protruding wildly and the tongue sticking out between her fangs) frequently was used as an apotropaic symbol and placed on doors, walls, floors, coins, shields, breastplates, and tombstones in the hopes of warding off evil. In this regard \"\"Gorgoneia\"\" are similar to the sometimes grotesque faces on Chinese soldiers’ shields, also used generally as an amulet, a protection against the evil eye. Likewise, in Hindu mythology, Kali is often shown with a protruding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19579919", "chunk_text": "Opsis\nOpsis Opsis () is the Greek word for spectacle in the theatre and performance. Its first use has been traced back to Aristotle's \"\"Poetics.\"\" It is now taken up by theatre critics, historians, and theorists to describe the mise en scène of a performance or theatrical event. Opsis comes from the ancient Greek for \"\"appearance, sight, view.\"\" The English word optic is derived from this word. Aristotle's use of the term opsis, as Marvin Carlson points out, is the \"\"final element of tragedy,\"\" but the term \"\"receive[d] no further consideration\"\". Aristotle discusses opsis in book 6 of the poetics, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3383250", "chunk_text": "\"Unclean spirit\"\nUnclean spirit In English translations of the Bible, unclean spirit is a common rendering of Greek pneuma akatharton (πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον; plural \"\"pneumata akatharta\"\" (πνεύματα ἀκάθαρτα)), which in its single occurrence in the Septuagint translates Hebrew \"\"\"\" (). The Greek term appears 21 times in the New Testament in the context of demonic possession. It is also translated into English as spirit of impurity or more loosely as \"\"evil spirit.\"\" The Latin equivalent is spiritus immundus. The association of physical and spiritual cleanliness is, if not universal, widespread and continues into the 21st century: \"\"To be virtuous is to be physically", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "341973", "chunk_text": "Invidia\nInvidia In Latin, invidia is the sense of envy, a \"\"looking upon\"\" associated with the evil eye, from \"\"invidere\"\", \"\"to look against, to look in a hostile manner.\"\" \"\"Invidia\"\" (\"\"Envy\"\") is one of the Seven Deadly Sins in Christian belief. The material culture and literature of ancient Rome offer numerous examples of rituals and magic spells intended to avert \"\"invidia\"\" and the evil eye. When a Roman general celebrated a triumph, the Vestal Virgins suspended a \"\"fascinus\"\", or phallic effigy, under the chariot to ward off \"\"invidia\"\". Envy is the vice most associated with witches and magic. The witch's protruding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17980817", "chunk_text": "Arimanius\nMazda). Areimanios is also mentioned in other texts as an evil \"\"daimon\"\", \"\"the worst spirit\"\", or even equated with Satan as \"\"the adversary\"\". The most common form of the name in its few occurrences among Greek authors is Ἀρειμανιος (\"\"Areimanios\"\"), presumably rendering an unattested Old Persian form \"\"ahramanyu\"\", which, however, would have yielded a Middle Persian \"\"ahrmen\"\". The name is given as Ἀριμάνης \"\"(Arimanēs)\"\" by Agathias, and Ἀρειμανής \"\"(Areimanēs)\"\" by Hesychius, rendering the Middle Persian \"\"Ahreman\"\". Variations of the name not explicable by systematic linguistics may be attributed to its similarity to Greek words meaning \"\"warlike\"\" (see Names and epithets", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1236336", "chunk_text": "\"Iota subscript\"\nno longer pronounced. In some English works these are referred to as \"\"improper diphthongs\"\". The iota subscript occurs most frequently in certain inflectional affixes of ancient Greek, especially in the dative endings of many nominal forms (e.g. ) as well as in certain verb forms of the subjunctive mood (e.g. ). Besides these it also occurs in the roots of certain words and names, for instance 'ode' (and its derivatives: 'odeion'; 'tragedy' etc.); 'Hades'; 'Thrace'. The iota subscript is today considered an obligatory feature in the spelling of Ancient Greek, but its usage is subject to some variation. In some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "341981", "chunk_text": "Invidia\nyou are well tuned now; but I'll set down the pegs that make this music.\"\" (\"\"Othello\"\" II.i). The name of the Nvidia Corporation comes from Invidia in Roman mythology. Invidia is also the name of one of Final Fantasy XV's many battle themes. Invidia In Latin, invidia is the sense of envy, a \"\"looking upon\"\" associated with the evil eye, from \"\"invidere\"\", \"\"to look against, to look in a hostile manner.\"\" \"\"Invidia\"\" (\"\"Envy\"\") is one of the Seven Deadly Sins in Christian belief. The material culture and literature of ancient Rome offer numerous examples of rituals and magic spells intended", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13088886", "chunk_text": "\"Dacian Draco\"\nmaking a shrill sound as the wind passed through its strips of material. \"\"Draco\"\" (Latin) and \"\"Drakon\"\" (Greek) mean \"\"serpent\"\", \"\"dragon\"\". The root of these words means \"\"to watch\"\" or \"\"to guard with a sharp eye\"\". It is a derivative of Greek \"\"drakōn\"\" \"\"gazing\"\" . The origin of the standard is unknown and still a matter of dispute among scholars. A specific and certain origin is still difficult to be determined. Dacian, Thracian, Scythian, Sarmatian or Parthian origins have been proposed in dedicated historiography. According to Lucreţiu Mihăilescu-Bîrliba by the 2nd century AD, i.e. after the conclusion of the Dacian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14072370", "chunk_text": "Omega\nOmega Omega (capital: Ω, lowercase: ω; Greek ὦ, later ὦ μέγα, Modern Greek ωμέγα) is the 24th and last letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system/Isopsephy (Gematria), it has a value of 800. The word literally means \"\"great O\"\" (\"\"ō mega\"\", mega meaning \"\"great\"\"), as opposed to omicron, which means \"\"little O\"\" (\"\"o mikron\"\", micron meaning \"\"little\"\"). In phonetic terms, the Ancient Greek Ω is a long open-mid \"\"o\"\" , comparable to the vowel of British English \"\"raw\"\". In Modern Greek, Ω represents the , the same sound as omicron. The letter omega is transcribed \"\"ō\"\" or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "341974", "chunk_text": "Invidia\ntongue alludes to Ovid's Invidia who has a poisoned tongue. The witch and Invidia share a significant feature—the Evil Eye. The term \"\"invidia\"\" stems from the Latin \"\"invidere\"\", \"\"to look too closely\"\". One type of the aggressive gaze is the \"\"biting eye\"\", often associated with envy, and reflects the ancient belief that envy originates from the eyes. Ovid feared that a witch who possessed eyes with double pupils would cast a burning fascination over his love affair. \"\"Fascinare\"\" means to bewitch. Catullus in one of his love poems jokes nervously about ill wishers who might count the kisses he gives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5466010", "chunk_text": "Demon\nDemon A demon is a supernatural and often malevolent being prevalent in religion, occultism, literature, fiction, mythology and folklore. The original Greek word \"\"daimon\"\" does not carry negative connotations. The Ancient Greek word \"\"daimōn\"\" denotes a spirit or divine power, much like the Latin \"\"genius\"\" or \"\"numen\"\". The Greek conception of a \"\"daimōn\"\" notably appears in the works of Plato, where it describes the divine inspiration of Socrates. In Ancient Near Eastern religions and in the Abrahamic traditions, including ancient and medieval Christian demonology, a demon is considered a harmful spiritual entity which may cause demonic possession, calling for an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6414866", "chunk_text": "\"English words of Greek origin\"\nand spread to the others freely—including to Modern Greek. Traditionally, these coinages were constructed using only Greek morphemes, \"\"e.g.\"\", \"\"metamathematics\"\", but increasingly, Greek, Latin, and other morphemes are combined, as in \"\"television\"\" (Greek τῆλε + Latin \"\"vision\"\"), \"\"metalinguistic\"\" (Greek μετά + Latin \"\"lingua\"\" + Greek -ιστής + Greek -ικος), and \"\"garbology\"\" (English \"\"garbage\"\" + Greek -ολογία). These hybrid words were formerly considered to be 'barbarisms'. Some derivations are idiosyncratic, for example, \"\"gas\"\" from χάος; \"\"hadron\"\" from ἁδρός with the suffix \"\"-on\"\", itself abstracted from \"\"anion\"\" ἀνιόν; and \"\"henotheism\"\" < ἑνό(ς) 'one' + θεός 'god', though \"\"eno-\"\" is not used as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13184925", "chunk_text": "\"Apple of my eye\"\na diminutive form of pupus, boy, or pupa, girl (the source also for our other sense of pupil to mean a schoolchild.) It was applied to the dark central portion of the eye within the iris because of the tiny image of oneself, like a puppet or marionette, that one can see when looking into another person's eye. In the Old Babylonian period (c. 1800-1600 BC) in ancient Mesopotamia, the expression \"\"protective spirit of the eye\"\" is attested, perhaps describing the same phenomenon. In Zechariah 2:8, the Hebrew phrase used is bava 'ayin (בבה עין). The meaning of bava is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16766958", "chunk_text": "\"English words of Greek origin\"\nGreek word στῦλος 'column' and the Latin word \"\"stilus\"\" 'stake, pointed instrument' were confused. The word \"\"trophy\"\", though ultimately of Greek origin, did not have a but a in its Greek form, τρόπαιον. In clusters such as \"\"ps-\"\", \"\"pn-\"\", and \"\"gn-\"\" which are not allowed by English phonotactics, the usual English pronunciation drops the first consonant (\"\"e.g.\"\", psychology) at the start of a word; compare \"\"gnostic\"\" [nɒstɪk] and \"\"agnostic\"\" [ægnɒstɪk]; there are a few exceptions: \"\"tmesis\"\" [t(ə)miːsɪs]. Initial \"\"x-\"\" is pronounced \"\"z\"\". \"\"Ch\"\" is pronounced like \"\"k\"\" rather than as in \"\"church\"\": \"\"e.g.\"\", character, chaos. Consecutive vowels are often pronounced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14265722", "chunk_text": "\"Ala (demon)\"\nby several dictionaries, including that of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, by which the demon’s name comes from the Turkish word ‘ala’ (\"\"snake\"\") as that word lacks the h-sound. The name may instead stem from the Greek word for hail, χάλαζα (pronounced ; transliterated \"\"chalaza\"\" or \"\"khalaza\"\"). This etymology is proposed by Bulgarian scholar Ivanichka Georgieva, and supported by Bulgarian scholar Rachko Popov and Serbian scholars Slobodan Zečević, and Sreten Petrović. According to Serbian scholar Marta Bjeletić, \"\"ala\"\" and \"\"hala\"\" stem from the noun \"\"xala\"\" in Proto-South-Slavic, the dialect of Proto-Slavic from which South Slavic languages emerged (\"\"x\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3278	where is the left anterior descending artery located?	n/a	[ "the left coronary artery" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17959386", "chunk_text": "\"Left anterior descending artery\"\nLeft anterior descending artery The left anterior descending artery (also LAD, anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, or anterior descending branch) is a branch of the left coronary artery. Occlusion of this artery is often called the \"\"widow-maker infarction\"\" due to a high death risk. It passes at first behind the pulmonary artery and then comes forward between that vessel and the left atrium to reach the anterior interventricular sulcus, along which it descends to the notch of cardiac apex. Although rare, multiple anomalous courses of the LAD have been described. These include the origin of the artery from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17959387", "chunk_text": "\"Left anterior descending artery\"\nthe right aortic sinus. In 78% of cases, it reaches the apex of the heart. The LAD gives off two types of branches: \"\"septals\"\" and \"\"diagonals\"\". The artery supplies the anterolateral myocardium, apex, and interventricular septum. The LAD typically supplies 45-55% of the left ventricle (LV) and is therefore considered the most critical vessel in terms of myocardial blood supply. The \"\"widow maker\"\" is an alternate name for the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery. The name \"\"widow maker\"\" may also apply to the left coronary artery or severe occlusions to that artery. This term is used because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17959388", "chunk_text": "\"Left anterior descending artery\"\nthe left main coronary and/or the left anterior descending supply blood to large areas of the heart. This means that if these arteries are abruptly and completely occluded it will cause a massive heart attack that will likely lead to sudden death. The blockage that kills is made up of platelets streaming to the site of a ruptured cholesterol plaque. Even a small amount of plaque in this area can (for a variety of poorly understood reasons) rupture and cause death; bypassing chronic blockages or trying to open them up with angioplasty does not prevent heart attack but it can", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6025562", "chunk_text": "\"Left coronary artery\"\nLeft coronary artery The left coronary artery (abbreviated LCA) is an artery that arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart. It is also known as the left main coronary artery (abbreviated LMCA) and the left main stem coronary artery (abbreviated LMS). It is one of the coronary arteries. It typically runs for 10 to 25 mm and then bifurcates into the anterior interventricular artery (also called the left anterior descending (LAD) and the Widow maker) and the left circumflex artery (LCx). Sometimes an additional artery", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17959390", "chunk_text": "\"Left anterior descending artery\"\nin the head, jaw, arms or chest, numbness in fingers, often of a novel but imprecise sensation which builds with irregular heart beat. Early symptoms may be mistaken for food poisoning, flu or general malaise until they intensify. A widow maker cannot kill instantly but induces cardiac arrest which may do so within 10 to 20 minutes of no circulation. A victim with no pulse or breath is still alive, living off oxygen stored in the blood and may be able to be rescued if treatment is begun promptly within this window. Left anterior descending artery The left anterior descending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1184317", "chunk_text": "Heart\nreceives blood from two arteries which arise just above the aortic valve. These are the left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery. The left main coronary artery splits shortly after leaving the aorta into two vessels, the left anterior descending and the left circumflex artery. The left anterior descending artery supplies heart tissue and the front, outer side, and the septum of the left ventricle. It does this by branching into smaller arteries – diagonal and septal branches. The left circumflex supplies the back and underneath of the left ventricle. The right coronary artery supplies the right atrium,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13994690", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary circulation\"\nleft coronary artery and follows the coronary sulcus to the left. Eventually, it will fuse with the small branches of the right coronary artery. The larger anterior interventricular artery, also known as the left anterior descending artery (LAD), is the second major branch arising from the left coronary artery. It follows the anterior interventricular sulcus around the pulmonary trunk. Along the way it gives rise to numerous smaller branches that interconnect with the branches of the posterior interventricular artery, forming anastomoses. An anastomosis is an area where vessels unite to form interconnections that normally allow blood to circulate to a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2276769", "chunk_text": "\"Left coronary artery\"\narises at the bifurcation of the left main artery, forming a trifurcation; this extra artery is called the \"\"ramus\"\" or \"\"intermediate artery\"\". The part that is between the aorta and the bifurcation only is known as the left main artery (LM), while the term \"\"LCA\"\" might refer to just the left main, or to the left main and all its eventual branches. A \"\"first septal branch\"\" is sometimes described. 3. Rohan Pravinbhai Parikh, Amey Beedkar, Mahendra Maske, Bhavesh Talaviya, Sunil Washimkar, Pradeep Deshmukh, Mukund Deshpande. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research. 2016; 7(6): 298-299. http://ssjournals.com/index.php/ijbar/article/view/3370/2363 Left coronary artery The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17541237", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary artery ectasia\"\nUsing angiography clinicians are able to display the size, location and number of vessels affected by the disease. Is can also be analyzed through other methods such as intravascular ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Using these diagnostic methods, it has been discovered that the disease normally occurs most often in the right coronary artery, followed by the left anterior descending artery, and finally the left anterior circumflex artery. Using these methods Coronary artery ectasia can be divided into four different types: Type 1¬→diffuse ectasia in 2-3 different vessels, Type 2¬→ diffuse disease in 1 vessel and local disease in another,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6319441", "chunk_text": "\"Posterior interventricular artery\"\nPosterior interventricular artery In the coronary circulation, the posterior interventricular artery (PIV, PIA, or PIVA), most often called the posterior descending artery (PDA), is an artery running in the posterior interventricular sulcus to the apex of the heart where it meets with the anterior interventricular artery or also known as Left Anterior Descending artery. It supplies the posterior third of the interventricular septum. The remaining anterior two-thirds is supplied by the anterior interventricular artery which is a septal branch of the left anterior descending artery, which is a branch of left coronary artery. It is typically a branch of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10732377", "chunk_text": "\"Circumflex branch of left coronary artery\"\n(also called obtuse marginal branches (OM)) as it curves toward the posterior surface of the heart. It helps form the posterior left \"\"ventricular branch\"\" or posterolateral artery. The circumflex artery ends at the point where it joins to form to the posterior interventricular artery in 15% of all cases, which lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus. In the other 85% of all cases the posterior interventricular artery comes out of the right coronary artery. When the left circumflex supplies the posterior descending artery in those 15% of cases, it is known as a left dominant circulation. The LCX supplies the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3426235", "chunk_text": "\"Anterior cerebral artery\"\nAnterior cerebral artery The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is one of a pair of arteries on the brain that supplies oxygenated blood to most midline portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The two anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the circle of Willis. The left and right anterior cerebral arteries are connected by the anterior communicating artery. Anterior cerebral artery syndrome refers to symptoms that follow a stroke occurring in the area normally supplied by one of the arteries. It is characterized by weakness and sensory loss in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4661077", "chunk_text": "\"Ascending aorta\"\nthe left side, with the pulmonary artery. The only branches of the ascending aorta are the two coronary arteries which supply the heart; they arise near the commencement of the aorta from the aortic sinuses which are opposite the aortic valve. \"\"\"\" is extensive atherosclerotic calcification of the ascending aorta. It makes aortic surgery difficult, especially aortic cross-clamping, and incisions may result in excessive aortic injury and/or arterial embolism. Ascending aorta The ascending aorta (AAo) is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1184318", "chunk_text": "Heart\nright ventricle, and lower posterior sections of the left ventricle. The right coronary artery also supplies blood to the atrioventricular node (in about 90% of people) and the sinoatrial node (in about 60% of people). The right coronary artery runs in a groove at the back of the heart and the left anterior descending artery runs in a groove at the front. There is significant variation between people in the anatomy of the arteries that supply the heart The arteries divide at their furtherst reaches into smaller branches that join together at the edges of each arterial distribution. The coronary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9707931", "chunk_text": "\"Descending aorta\"\nDescending aorta The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta begins at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta anatomically consists of two portions or segments, the thoracic and the abdominal aorta, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the pelvis and eventually legs. The ductus arteriosus connects to the junction between the aortic arch and the descending aorta in foetal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18142194", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary arteries\"\nCoronary arteries The coronary arteries are the arteries of the coronary circulation, which transports blood into and out of the cardiac muscle. They are mainly composed of the left and right coronary arteries, both of which give off branches. Coronary arteries can also be categorized as Epicardial (above the epicardium) and Microvascular (close to the endocardium). The left coronary artery arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart. It branches into two arteries and sometimes a third branch is formed at the fork, known as a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11810243", "chunk_text": "\"Descending aorta\"\nlife. This artery later regresses as the ligamentum arteriosum. Descending aorta The descending aorta is part of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The descending aorta begins at the aortic arch that runs down through the chest and abdomen. The descending aorta anatomically consists of two portions or segments, the thoracic and the abdominal aorta, in correspondence with the two great cavities of the trunk in which it is situated. Within the abdomen, the descending aorta branches into the two common iliac arteries which serve the pelvis and eventually legs. The ductus arteriosus connects to the junction between", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "664914", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary arteries\"\n\"\"ramus\"\" or \"\"intermediate artery\"\". The right coronary artery originates from above the right cusp of the aortic valve. It travels down the right coronary sulcus, towards the crux of the heart. There is also the conus artery, which is only present in about 45 per cent of the human population, and which may provide collateral blood flow to the heart when the left anterior descending artery is occluded. Either or both arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis, can cause one or more of the coronary arteries or their branches to become seriously blocked, leading to angina, heart attack, or both. Percutaneous coronary interventions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3426238", "chunk_text": "\"Anterior cerebral artery\"\nglobus pallidus. Strokes that occur in a part of the artery prior to the anterior communicating usually do not produce many symptoms because of collateral circulation. If a blockage occurs in the A2 segment or later, the following signs and symptoms may be noted: Anterior cerebral artery The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is one of a pair of arteries on the brain that supplies oxygenated blood to most midline portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes. The two anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are part of the circle of Willis. The left", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "212905", "chunk_text": "\"Left colic artery\"\nLeft colic artery The left colic artery is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery that runs to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the psoas major muscle, and after a short, but variable, course divides into an ascending and a descending branch; the stem of the artery or its branches cross the left ureter and left internal spermatic vessels. The ascending branch crosses in front of the left kidney and ends, between the two layers of the transverse mesocolon, by anastomosing with the middle colic artery; the descending branch anastomoses with the highest sigmoid artery. From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3633266", "chunk_text": "\"Circumflex branch of left coronary artery\"\nCircumflex branch of left coronary artery The \"\"LCX\"\", or left circumflex artery (or circumflex artery, or circumflex branch of the left coronary artery) is an artery of the heart. It follows the left part of the coronary sulcus, running first to the left and then to the right, reaching nearly as far as the posterior longitudinal sulcus. There have been multiple anomalies described, for example the left circumflex having an aberrant course from the right coronary artery. The circumflex artery curves to the left around the heart within the coronary sulcus, giving rise to one or more left marginal arteries", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6025565", "chunk_text": "\"Right coronary artery\"\n25% to 35% of the left ventricle (LV). In 85% of patients (Right Dominant), the RCA gives off the posterior descending artery (PDA). In the other 15% of cases (Left Dominant), the PDA is given off by the left circumflex artery. The PDA supplies the inferior wall, ventricular septum, and the posteromedial papillary muscle. The RCA also supplies the SA nodal artery in 60% of people. The other 40% of the time, the SA nodal artery is supplied by the left circumflex artery. Right coronary artery In the coronary circulation, the right coronary artery (RCA) is an artery originating above", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7685771", "chunk_text": "\"Anterior communicating artery\"\nAnterior communicating artery In human anatomy, the anterior communicating artery is a blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the two arteries joining together to form a single trunk, which afterward divides; or it may be wholly, or partially, divided into two. Its length averages about 4 mm, but varies greatly. It gives off some of the anteromedial ganglionic vessels, but these are principally derived from the anterior cerebral artery. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1014966", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary circulation\"\nthree areas of anastomoses. Small branches of the LAD (left anterior descending/anterior interventricular) branch of the left coronary join with branches of the posterior interventricular branch of the right coronary in the interventricular sulcus(groove). More superiorly, there is an anastomosis between the circumflex artery (a branch of the left coronary artery) and the right coronary artery in the atrioventricular groove. There is also an anastomosis between the septal branches of the two coronary arteries in the interventricular septum. The photograph shows area of heart supplied by the right and the left coronary arteries. The left and right coronary arteries occasionally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1014969", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary circulation\"\nto travel \"\"in reverse\"\", from the left ventricle to the left atrium, instead of forward to the aorta and the rest of the body. This leaking of blood to the left atrium is known as mitral regurgitation. Similarly, the leaking of blood from the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve and into the right atrium can also occur, and this is described as tricuspid insufficiency or tricuspid regurgitation. The anterolateral papillary muscle more frequently receives two blood supplies: left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the left circumflex artery (LCX). It is therefore more frequently resistant to coronary ischemia (insufficiency of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8700356", "chunk_text": "\"Anterior communicating artery\"\nis part of the cerebral arterial circle, also known as the circle of Willis. Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery are the most common circle of Willis aneurysm and can cause visual field defects such as bitemporal heteronymous hemianopsia (due to compression of the optic chiasm), psychopathology and frontal lobe pathology. Anterior communicating artery In human anatomy, the anterior communicating artery is a blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries. The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure. Sometimes this vessel is wanting, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18314065", "chunk_text": "\"Anterior inferior cerebellar artery\"\nAnterior inferior cerebellar artery The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is one of three pairs of arteries that supplies blood to the cerebellum. It arises from the basilar artery on each side at the level of the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons in the brainstem. It has a variable course, passing backward to be distributed to the anterior part of the undersurface of the cerebellum, anastomosing with both the posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA) branch of the vertebral artery and the superior cerebellar artery. It also gives off the internal auditory or labyrinthine artery in most cases; however,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4567337", "chunk_text": "Electrocardiography\nby at least 1 mm. Over a period of hours, a pathologic Q wave may appear and the T wave will invert. Over a period of days the ST elevation will resolve. Pathologic Q waves generally will remain permanently. The coronary artery that has been occluded can be identified in an STEMI based on the location of ST elevation. The left anterior descending (LAD) artery supplies the anterior wall of the heart, and therefore causes ST elevations in anterior leads (V and V). The LCx supplies the lateral aspect of the heart and therefore causes ST elevations in lateral leads", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372607", "chunk_text": "Aorta\nraise\"\" () This term was first applied by Aristotle when describing the aorta and describes accurately how it seems to be 'suspended' above the heart. The function of the aorta has been documented in the Talmud, where it is noted as one of three major vessels entering or leaving the heart, and where perforation is linked to death. Aorta The aorta ( ) is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15958756", "chunk_text": "\"Descending thoracic aorta\"\nthe descending thoracic aorta lies the root of the left lung, the pericardium, the esophagus, and the diaphragm. The esophagus, which is covered by a nerve plexus lies to the right of the descending thoracic aorta. Lower, the esophagus passes in front of the aorta, and ultimately is situated on the left. The aorta is an artery that conveys oxygenated blood from the heart to other parts of the body. It is one of the largest arteries in the body. The aorta gives off several paired branches as it descends. In descending order, these include the Note: The posterior intercostal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1014961", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary circulation\"\nwall of the aorta just superior to the aortic semilunar valve. Two of these, the left posterior aortic sinus and anterior aortic sinus, give rise to the left and right coronary arteries, respectively. The third sinus, the right posterior aortic sinus, typically does not give rise to a vessel. Coronary vessel branches that remain on the surface of the artery and follow the sulci of the heart are called \"\"epicardial\"\" coronary arteries. The left coronary artery distributes blood to the left side of the heart, the left atrium and ventricle, and the interventricular septum. The circumflex artery arises from the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19394963", "chunk_text": "\"Artery of Adamkiewicz\"\nstudy of approximately 70 people that examined the spinal cord's blood supply it was found that: In 75% of people, the artery of Adamkiewicz originates on the left side of the aorta between the T8 and L1 vertebral segments. In an extensive literature review, recognition of the AKA using CT and/or MR was achieved in 466 of 555 cases (83.96%)and in 384 (83.3%) cases the AKA originated from a left intercostal artery. \"\"Great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz… provides the major blood supply to the lumbar and sacral cord.\"\" When damaged or obstructed, it can result in anterior spinal artery syndrome,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9010984", "chunk_text": "Aorta\nfound on the right in dextrocardia, in which the heart is found on the right, or situs inversus, in which the location of all organs are flipped. Variations in the branching of individual arteries may also occur. For example, the left vertebral artery may arise from the aorta, instead of the left common carotid artery. In patent ductus arteriosus, a congenital disorder, the fetal ductus arteriosis fails to close, leaving an open vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta. The aorta supplies all of the systemic circulation, which means that the entire body, except for the respiratory", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "212906", "chunk_text": "\"Left colic artery\"\nthe arches formed by these anastomoses branches are distributed to the descending colon and the left part of the transverse colon. Left colic artery The left colic artery is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery that runs to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the psoas major muscle, and after a short, but variable, course divides into an ascending and a descending branch; the stem of the artery or its branches cross the left ureter and left internal spermatic vessels. The ascending branch crosses in front of the left kidney and ends, between the two layers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3633268", "chunk_text": "\"Circumflex branch of left coronary artery\"\nposterolateral left ventricle and the anterolateral papillary muscle. It also supplies the sinoatrial nodal artery in 38% of people. It supplies 15-25% of the left ventricle in right-dominant systems. If the coronary anatomy is left-dominant, the LCX supplies 40-50% of the left ventricle. (See Coronary circulation for description of dominance.) Circumflex branch of left coronary artery The \"\"LCX\"\", or left circumflex artery (or circumflex artery, or circumflex branch of the left coronary artery) is an artery of the heart. It follows the left part of the coronary sulcus, running first to the left and then to the right, reaching nearly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18314068", "chunk_text": "\"Anterior inferior cerebellar artery\"\nlateral medullary syndrome, which also gives rise to \"\"crossed\"\" neurological signs but does not normally cause cochlear symptoms, severe facial palsy or multimodal facial sensory loss. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) is one of three pairs of arteries that supplies blood to the cerebellum. It arises from the basilar artery on each side at the level of the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons in the brainstem. It has a variable course, passing backward to be distributed to the anterior part of the undersurface of the cerebellum, anastomosing with both the posterior inferior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7372596", "chunk_text": "Aorta\nAorta The aorta ( ) is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation. In anatomical sources, the aorta is usually divided into sections. One way of classifying a part of the aorta is by anatomical compartment, where the thoracic aorta (or thoracic portion of the aorta) runs from the heart to the diaphragm. The aorta then continues downward as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13694620", "chunk_text": "\"Inferior mesenteric artery\"\nInferior mesenteric artery In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery, often abbreviated as IMA, is the third main branch of the abdominal aorta and arises at the level of L3, supplying the large intestine from the left colic (or splenic) flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum. Proximally, its territory of distribution overlaps (forms a watershed) with the middle colic artery, and therefore the superior mesenteric artery. The SMA and IMA anastomose via the marginal artery of the colon (artery of Drummond) and via Riolan's arcade", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1666483", "chunk_text": "\"Superior mesenteric artery\"\nSuperior mesenteric artery In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas. It arises anterior to lower border of vertebra L1 in an adult. It is usually 1 cm lower than the celiac trunk. It initially travels in an anterior/inferior direction, passing behind/under the neck of the pancreas and the splenic vein. Located under this portion of the superior mesenteric artery,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5772549", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary artery bypass surgery\"\nin them do not occlude blood flow in the graft. External support may be placed on the vein prior to grafting into the coronary circulation of the patient. LITA grafts are longer-lasting than vein grafts, both because the artery is more robust than a vein and because, being already connected to the arterial tree, the LITA need only be grafted at one end. The LITA is usually grafted to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) because of its superior long-term patency when compared to saphenous vein grafts. CABG or stent placement is indicated when medical management - anti-anginal medications,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13837606", "chunk_text": "\"Lateral thoracic artery\"\nLateral thoracic artery In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1014964", "chunk_text": "\"Coronary circulation\"\nthe right ventricle. On the posterior surface of the heart, the right coronary artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery, also known as the posterior descending artery. It runs along the posterior portion of the interventricular sulcus toward the apex of the heart, giving rise to branches that supply the interventricular septum and portions of both ventricles. There are some anastomoses between branches of the two coronary arteries. However the coronary arteries are functionally end arteries and so these meetings are referred to as potential anastomoses, which lack function, as opposed to true anastomoses like that in the palm", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1666484", "chunk_text": "\"Superior mesenteric artery\"\nbetween it and the aorta, are the following: The SMA typically runs to the left of the similarly named vein, the superior mesenteric vein. After passing the neck of the pancreas it starts giving off its branches. The middle, right, and ileocecal branches anastomose with each other to form a marginal artery along the inner border of the colon. This artery is completed by branches of the left colic which is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. Superior mesenteric artery In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17987342", "chunk_text": "\"Atrioventricular nodal branch\"\ncoronary artery and the left circumflex branch. Atrioventricular nodal branch The atrioventricular nodal branch is a cardiac artery that is crucial because it feeds the atrioventricular node, necessary for the excitation and contraction of the ventricles. Most frequently (in over 80% of humans) it arises as a distal branch from the right coronary artery near the crux of the heart. In some people, the atrioventricular node instead receives blood from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, otherwise known as the left circumflex coronary artery or LCX. Very rarely, in approximately 2% of people, the vascular supply to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9665296", "chunk_text": "\"Anterior spinal artery\"\npelvis. The vessel is placed in the pia mater along the anterior median fissure. It supplies that membrane, and the substance of the medulla spinalis, also sending off branches at its lower part to be distributed to the cauda equina. Disruption of the anterior spinal artery leads to bilateral disruption of the corticospinal tract, causing motor deficits, and bilateral disruption of the spinothalamic tract, causing sensory deficits in the form of pain/temperature sense loss. It is called anterior spinal artery syndrome. This occurs when the disruption of the anterior spinal artery is at the level of the spinal cord. Contrast", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9010976", "chunk_text": "Aorta\non the aorta. At the root of the ascending aorta, the lumen has three small pockets between the cusps of the aortic valve and the wall of the aorta, which are called the aortic sinuses or the sinuses of Valsalva. The left aortic sinus contains the origin of the left coronary artery and the right aortic sinus likewise gives rise to the right coronary artery. Together, these two arteries supply the heart. The posterior aortic sinus does not give rise to a coronary artery. For this reason the left, right and posterior aortic sinuses are also called left-coronary, right-coronary and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9010975", "chunk_text": "Aorta\nis known as the abdominal aorta. The aorta ends by dividing into two major blood vessels, the common iliac arteries and a smaller midline vessel, the median sacral artery. The ascending aorta begins at the opening of the aortic valve in the left ventricle of the heart. It runs through a common pericardial sheath with the pulmonary trunk. These two blood vessels twist around each other, causing the aorta to start out posterior to the pulmonary trunk, but end by twisting to its right and anterior side. The transition from ascending aorta to aortic arch is at the pericardial reflection", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4467345", "chunk_text": "\"Atrioventricular nodal branch\"\nAtrioventricular nodal branch The atrioventricular nodal branch is a cardiac artery that is crucial because it feeds the atrioventricular node, necessary for the excitation and contraction of the ventricles. Most frequently (in over 80% of humans) it arises as a distal branch from the right coronary artery near the crux of the heart. In some people, the atrioventricular node instead receives blood from the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, otherwise known as the left circumflex coronary artery or LCX. Very rarely, in approximately 2% of people, the vascular supply to the atrioventricular node arises from both the right", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13013120", "chunk_text": "\"Anterior spinal artery syndrome\"\nanterior cord syndrome. Other causes include vasculitis, polycythemia, sickle cell disease, decompression sickness, and collagen and elastin disorders. Any embolus or thrombus in largest feeder vessel known as the artery of Adamkiewicz, can lead to an anterior spinal syndrome. This is the most feared, though rare complication of bronchial artery embolization done in massive hemoptysis. The anterior portion of the spinal cord is supplied by the anterior spinal artery. It begins at the foramen magnum where branches of the two vertebral arteries exit, merge, and descend along the anterior spinal cord. As the anterior spinal artery proceeds inferiorly, it receives", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17996066", "chunk_text": "\"Abdominal aorta\"\nAbdominal aorta The abdominal aorta is the largest artery in the abdominal cavity. As part of the aorta, it is a direct continuation of the descending aorta (of the thorax). The abdominal aorta begins at the level of the diaphragm, crossing it via the aortic hiatus, technically behind the diaphragm, at the vertebral level of T12. It travels down the posterior wall of the abdomen, anterior to the vertebral column. It thus follows the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae, that is, convex anteriorly. The peak of this convexity is at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). It runs", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3279	where does the pulmonary trunk receive blood from?	n/a	[ "the right ventricle", "from the heart", "the heart" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628517", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\nPulmonary circulation The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation are the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. The earliest human discussions of pulmonary circulation date back to Egyptian times.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144207", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nPulmonary artery A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the \"\"main pulmonary artery.\"\" or \"\"pulmonary trunk\"\" from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead to the capillaries that surround the pulmonary alveoli. In order of blood flow, the pulmonary arteries start as the pulmonary trunk or main pulmonary artery. The main pulmonary artery begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide—approximately in length and in diameter. The main pulmonary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19871851", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary vein\"\nPulmonary vein The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The largest pulmonary veins are the four \"\"main pulmonary veins\"\", two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation. Two main pulmonary veins emerge from each lung hilum, receiving blood from three or four bronchial veins apiece and draining into the left atrium. An inferior and superior main vein drains each lung, so there are four main veins in total. At the root of the lung, the right superior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19871854", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary vein\"\ndrain into the pulmonary circulation in whole or in part, this is known as a total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (or drainage), or partial anomalous pulmonary connection, respectively. Pulmonary vein The pulmonary veins are the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The largest pulmonary veins are the four \"\"main pulmonary veins\"\", two from each lung that drain into the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary veins are part of the pulmonary circulation. Two main pulmonary veins emerge from each lung hilum, receiving blood from three or four bronchial veins apiece and draining into the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19697710", "chunk_text": "\"Venous blood\"\nVenous blood Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart. Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and right to the left and right lungs respectively. Blood is oxygenated in the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Venous blood is typically colder than arterial blood, and has a lower oxygen content and pH. It also has lower concentrations of glucose and other nutrients, and has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144214", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nafter a period of immobility. A pulmonary embolus is a common cause of death in patients with cancer and stroke. A large pulmonary embolus which becomes lodged in the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk with extensions into both the left and right main pulmonary arteries is called a \"\"saddle embolus\"\". Pulmonary artery A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. The largest pulmonary artery is the \"\"main pulmonary artery.\"\" or \"\"pulmonary trunk\"\" from the heart, and the smallest ones are the arterioles, which lead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7784444", "chunk_text": "Heart\nand the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary valve. The pulmonary trunk divides into pulmonary arteries and progressively smaller arteries throughout the lungs, until it reaches capillaries. As these pass by alveoli carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. This happens through the passive process of diffusion. In the left heart, oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. It is then pumped into the left ventricle through the mitral valve and into the aorta through the aortic valve for systemic circulation. The aorta is a large artery that branches into many smaller", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144211", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nand right ventricles. As a septum develops between the two ventricles of the heart, two bulges form on either side of the truncus arteriosus. These progressively enlarge until the trunk splits into the aorta and pulmonary arteries. During early development, the ductus arteriosis connects the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. The blood here passes through capillaries adjacent to alveoli and becomes oxygenated as part of the process of respiration. In contrast to the \"\"pulmonary arteries\"\", the bronchial arteries supply nutrition", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628519", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\nwhere carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is picked up during respiration. Arteries are further divided into very fine capillaries which are extremely thin-walled. The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart. The oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. This blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. From the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta. The blood is then distributed to the body through the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628518", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\nHuman knowledge of pulmonary circulation grew gradually over centuries, and scientists Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus, and William Harvey provided some of the first accurate descriptions of this process. Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart, goes to the lungs, and then re-enters the heart; Deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. From the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle. Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and into the main pulmonary artery. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7784442", "chunk_text": "Heart\nto and from the body and the pulmonary circulation to and from the lungs. Blood in the pulmonary circulation exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs through the process of respiration. The systemic circulation then transports oxygen to the body and returns carbon dioxide and relatively deoxygenated blood to the heart for transfer to the lungs. The right heart collects deoxygenated blood from two large veins, the superior and inferior venae cavae. Blood collects in the right and left atrium continuously. The superior vena cava drains blood from above the diaphragm and empties into the upper back part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "320829", "chunk_text": "\"Bronchial circulation\"\nBronchial circulation The bronchial circulation is the part of the circulatory system that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells that constitute the lungs, as well as carrying waste products away from them. It is complementary to the pulmonary circulation that brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs and carries oxygenated blood away from them in order to oxygenate the rest of the body. In the bronchial circulation, blood goes through the following steps: Blood reaches from the pulmonary circulation into the lungs for gas exchange to oxygenate the rest of the body tissues. But bronchial circulation supplies fully oxygenated arterial", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9858097", "chunk_text": "Heart\nrole in cardiac conduction. It arises from the lower part of the interventricular septum and crosses the interior space of the right ventricle to connect with the inferior papillary muscle. The right ventricle tapers into the pulmonary trunk, into which it ejects blood when contracting. The pulmonary trunk branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries that carry the blood to each lung. The pulmonary valve lies between the right heart and the pulmonary trunk. The left heart has two chambers: the left atrium, and the left ventricle, separated by the mitral valve. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood back", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10854228", "chunk_text": "\"Circulatory system\"\npulmonary vein. Oxygen deprived blood from the superior and inferior vena cava enters the right atrium of the heart and flows through the tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve) into the right ventricle, from which it is then pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, whereby is released from the blood, and oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein returns the now oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung. Systemic circulation", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18988239", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary alveolus\"\nPulmonary alveolus A pulmonary alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin \"\"alveolus\"\", \"\"little cavity\"\") is a hollow cavity found in the lung parenchyma, and is the basic unit of ventilation. Lung alveoli are the ends of the respiratory tree, branching from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which like alveoli are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates. The alveolar membrane is the gas exchange surface. Carbon dioxide rich blood is pumped from the rest of the body into the capillaries that surround", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628535", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\n\"\"De re anatomica libri XV,\"\" in 1559 that accurately described pulmonary circulation as well. It is still debated among historians as to whether or not Colombo reached his conclusions on his own or if he based his work on those of al-Nafis and Servetus. Finally, William Harvey provided the most complete and accurate description of pulmonary circulation of any of the European physicians in his treatise \"\"Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus\"\" in 1628. Pulmonary circulation The pulmonary circulation is the portion of the circulatory system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1187306", "chunk_text": "Lung\nreceptors in the smooth muscle of the airways initiate a reflex known as the Hering–Breuer reflex that prevents the lungs from over-inflation, during forceful inspiration. The lungs have a dual blood supply provided by a bronchial and a pulmonary circulation. The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs, through the bronchial arteries that leave the aorta. There are usually three arteries, two to the left lung and one to the right, and they branch alongside the bronchi and bronchioles. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628520", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\nsystemic circulation before returning again to the pulmonary circulation. From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the semilunar pulmonary valve into the left and right main pulmonary arteries (one for each lung), which branch into smaller pulmonary arteries that spread throughout the lungs. The pulmonary circulation loop is virtually bypassed in fetal circulation. The fetal lungs are collapsed, and blood passes from the right atrium directly into the left atrium through the foramen ovale: an open conduit between the paired atria, or through the ductus arteriosus: a shunt between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. When the lungs expand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14598312", "chunk_text": "\"Lymph trunk\"\nLymph trunk Lymph trunk is a collection of lymph vessels that carries lymph, and is formed by confluence of many efferent lymph vessels. It in turn drains into one of the two lymph ducts (right lymph duct and the thoracic duct). When an efferent lymph vessel leaves a lymph node, it may carry lymph to another lymph node by becoming its afferent lymph vessel or unite with other efferent vessels to become a lymph trunk. The lymph trunks drain into the lymph ducts, which in turn return lymph to the blood by emptying into the respective subclavian veins. There are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10121461", "chunk_text": "\"Cardiac physiology\"\ncollects oxygen from the lungs and delivers carbon dioxide for exhalation. The systemic circuit transports oxygen to the body and returns relatively de-oxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to the pulmonary circuit. Blood flows through the heart in one direction, from the atria to the ventricles, and out through the pulmonary artery into the pulmonary circulation, and the aorta into the systemic circulation. The pulmonary artery (also trunk) branches into the left and right pulmonary arteries to supply each lung. Blood is prevented from flowing backwards (regurgitation) by the tricuspid, bicuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves. The function of the \"\"right heart\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17628525", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary circulation\"\npulmonary respiration. The physician Hippocrates (460 - 370 BCE) developed the view that the liver and spleen produced blood, which traveled to the heart to be cooled by the lungs that surrounded it. Hippocrates described the heart as having two ventricles connected by an interventricular septum. He depicted the heart as the connecting point for all the vessels of the body and proposed that some vessels carried only blood, while others also carried air. These air-carrying vessels were the pulmonary veins, which brought air to the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery, which carried air to the right ventricle and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7400926", "chunk_text": "\"Lymph trunk\"\nfour pairs and an unpaired lymph trunks: Lymph trunk Lymph trunk is a collection of lymph vessels that carries lymph, and is formed by confluence of many efferent lymph vessels. It in turn drains into one of the two lymph ducts (right lymph duct and the thoracic duct). When an efferent lymph vessel leaves a lymph node, it may carry lymph to another lymph node by becoming its afferent lymph vessel or unite with other efferent vessels to become a lymph trunk. The lymph trunks drain into the lymph ducts, which in turn return lymph to the blood by emptying", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16063931", "chunk_text": "Lung\nto the heart to supply the rest of the body. The blood volume of the lungs, is about 450 millilitres on average, about 9 per cent of the total blood volume of the entire circulatory system. This quantity can easily fluctuate from between one-half and twice the normal volume. The lungs are supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. Input from the parasympathetic nervous system occurs via the vagus nerve. When stimulated by acetylcholine, this causes constriction of the smooth muscle lining the bronchus and bronchioles, and increases the secretions from glands. The lungs also have a sympathetic tone", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10438464", "chunk_text": "Blood\nvary somewhat between species. In non-mammalian vertebrates, however, there are some key differences: Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. In humans, blood is pumped from the strong left ventricle of the heart through arteries to peripheral tissues and returns to the right atrium of the heart through veins. It then enters the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs and returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. Blood then enters the left ventricle to be circulated again. Arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4434543", "chunk_text": "\"Root of the lung\"\nvisceral pleura (covering the lung) is made, and this marks the meeting point between the mediastinum and the pleural cavities. The root is formed by the bronchus, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary veins, the bronchial arteries and veins, the pulmonary plexuses of nerves, lymphatic vessels, bronchial lymph nodes, and areolar tissue, all of which are enclosed by a reflection of the pleura. The root of the right lung lies behind the superior vena cava and part of the right atrium, and below the azygos vein. That of the left lung passes beneath the aortic arch and in front of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9592335", "chunk_text": "\"Bronchial artery\"\nbranches of the pulmonary arteries, and together, they supply the visceral pleura of the lung in the process. Note that much of the oxygenated blood supplied by the bronchial arteries is returned via the pulmonary veins rather than the bronchial veins. As a consequence, blood returning to the left heart is slightly less oxygenated than blood found at the level of the pulmonary capillary beds. Each bronchial artery also has a branch that supplies the esophagus. It is easy to confuse the bronchial arteries with the pulmonary arteries, because they both supply the lungs with blood, but there are important", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1184320", "chunk_text": "Heart\ninto a main left and a main right trunk, which travel up the groove between the ventricles that exists on the heart's surface, receiving smaller vessels as they travel up. These vessels then travel into the atrioventricular groove, and receive a third vessel which drains the section of the left ventricle sitting on the diaphragm. The left vessel joins with this third vessel, and travels along the pulmonary artery and left atrium, ending in the inferior tracheobronchial node. The right vessel travels along the right atrium and the part of the right ventricle sitting on the diaphragm. It usually then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7662330", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary hematoma\"\nPulmonary hematoma A pulmonary hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue of the lung. It may result when a pulmonary laceration fills with blood. A lung laceration filled with air is called a pneumatocele. In some cases, both pneumatoceles and hematomas exist in the same injured lung. Pulmonary hematomas take longer to heal than simple pneumatoceles and commonly leave the lungs scarred. A pulmonary contusion is another cause of bleeding within the lung tissue, but these result from microhemorrhages, multiple small bleeds, and the bleeding is not a discrete mass but rather occurs within the lung tissue. An", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7662331", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary hematoma\"\nindication of more severe damage to the lung than pulmonary contusion, a hematoma also takes longer to clear. Unlike contusions, hematomas do not usually interfere with gas exchange in the lung, but they do increase the risk of infection and abscess formation. Pulmonary hematoma A pulmonary hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue of the lung. It may result when a pulmonary laceration fills with blood. A lung laceration filled with air is called a pneumatocele. In some cases, both pneumatoceles and hematomas exist in the same injured lung. Pulmonary hematomas take longer to heal than simple pneumatoceles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3185533", "chunk_text": "\"Arterial blood\"\nArterial blood Arterial blood is the oxygenated blood in the circulatory system found in the pulmonary vein, the left chambers of the heart, and in the arteries. It is bright red in color, while venous blood is dark red in color (but looks purple through the translucent skin). It is the contralateral term to \"\"venous blood\"\". Framed in the cardiac cycle, often historically accredited to the Wiggers diagram, arterial blood has just passed through the lungs and is ready to boost oxygen to sustain the peripheral organs. The essential difference between venous and arterial blood is the curve of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3019998", "chunk_text": "\"Venous blood\"\ndifference in color between deoxyhaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin. The blue appearance of surface veins is caused mostly by the scattering of blue light away from the outside of venous tissue if the vein is at 0.5 mm deep or more. Veins and arteries appear similar when skin is removed and are seen directly. Venous blood Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart. Deoxygenated blood is then pumped by the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery which is divided in two branches, left and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4434544", "chunk_text": "\"Root of the lung\"\ndescending aorta; the phrenic nerve, pericardiacophrenic artery and vein, and the anterior pulmonary plexus, lie in front of each, and the vagus nerve and posterior pulmonary plexus lie behind. The chief structures composing the root of each lung are arranged in a similar manner from the front to the back on each side. This means that the upper of the two pulmonary veins are in front, the pulmonary artery is in the middle, and the bronchus and bronchial vessels are behind.from anterior to posterior 1)superior pulmonary vein,2)pulmonary artery 3)bronchus The arrangement on the two sides is not symmetrical. Right side:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18086763", "chunk_text": "\"Biofluid dynamics\"\nveins before reaching the right heart. Thus completing the cycle of blood going to heart and then coming from it and going to all parts of the body. The tricuspid valve, right heart (right ventricle), pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins and right heart are the elements of the Pulmonary Circulation System. The process of gas exchange, that is, exchange of carbon dioxide with oxygen in the lungs is the main function of the pulmonary system. The de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle is pumped to the lungs where the capillaries surrounding the alveole sacks exchange carbon dioxide for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13677945", "chunk_text": "Vein\nvenules, which continue to converge and form the larger veins. The de-oxygenated blood is taken by veins to the right atrium of the heart, which transfers the blood to the right ventricle, where it is then pumped through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. In pulmonary circulation the pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, which empties into the left ventricle, completing the cycle of blood circulation. The return of blood to the heart is assisted by the action of the muscle pump, and by the thoracic pump action of breathing during respiration. Standing or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15658650", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic diaphragm\"\ncontained in each structure: The diaphragm is primarily innervated by the phrenic nerve which is formed from the cervical nerves C3, C4 and C5. While the central portion of the diaphragm sends sensory afferents via the phrenic nerve, the peripheral portions of the diaphragm send sensory afferents via the intercostal (T5–T11) and subcostal nerves (T12). Arteries and veins above and below the diaphragm supply and drain blood. From above, the diaphragm receives blood from branches of the internal thoracic arteries, namely the pericardiophrenic artery and musculophrenic artery; from the superior phrenic arteries, which arise directly from the thoracic aorta; and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9016955", "chunk_text": "\"Venae cavae\"\nsuperior vena cava (or cranial vena cava in animals) is above the heart, and forms from a convergence of the left and right brachiocephalic veins, which contain blood from the head and the arms. Venae cavae The venae cavae (; from the Latin for \"\"hollow veins\"\", singular \"\"vena cava\"\" ) are two large veins (venous trunks) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans there are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the right atrium. They are located slightly off-center, toward the right side of the body. The inferior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9010985", "chunk_text": "Aorta\nzone of the lung, receives its blood from the aorta. Broadly speaking, branches from the ascending aorta supply the heart; branches from the aortic arch supply the head, neck and arms; branches from the thoracic descending aorta supply the chest (excluding the heart and the respiratory zone of the lung); and branches from the abdominal aorta supply the abdomen. The pelvis and legs get their blood from the common iliac arteries. The pulsatile nature of blood flow creates a pulse wave that is propagated down the arterial tree, and at bifurcations reflected waves rebound to return to semilunar valves and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4071911", "chunk_text": "\"Bronchial veins\"\nBronchial veins The bronchial veins are small vessels that return blood from the larger bronchi and structures at the roots of the lungs. The right side drains into the azygos vein, while the left side drains into the left superior intercostal vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein. Bronchial veins are thereby part of the bronchial circulation, carrying waste products away from the cells that constitute the lungs. The bronchial veins are counterparts to the bronchial arteries. However, they only carry ~13% of the blood flow of the bronchial arteries. The remaining blood is returned to the heart via the pulmonary", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9325211", "chunk_text": "\"Ventilation/perfusion ratio\"\nthe blood passing through the branches of the pulmonary artery in order to reach the apical and basal areas of the lungs, acting respectively against or synergistically with the pressure developed by the right ventricle. Thus at the apex of the lung the resulting pressure can be insufficient for developing a flow (which can be sustained only by the negative pressure generated by venous flow towards the left atrium) or even for preventing the collapse of the vascular structures surrounding the alveoli, while the base of the lung shows an intense flow due to the higher resulting pressure. Of note,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144209", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nbehind the ascending aorta, and in front of the descending aorta. It courses posterior to the superior vena cava and in front of the right bronchus. Upon reaching the hilum of the right lung the right main pulmonary artery divides into two branches: The right and left main pulmonary arteries give off branches that roughly correspond to the lung lobes and can in such cases be termed lobar arteries. The lobar arteries branch into segmental arteries (roughly 1 for each lobe segment), which in turn branch into subsegmental pulmonary arteries. These eventually form intralobular arteries. The pulmonary arteries originate from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7144213", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary artery\"\nthe pulmonary artery, and may be defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure of greater than 25mmHg. As can be measured on a CT scan, a diameter of more than 29 mm diameter is often used as a cut-off to indicate pulmonary hypertension. This may occur as a result of heart problems such as heart failure, lung or airway disease such as COPD or scleroderma, or thromboembolic disease such as pulmonary embolism or emboli seen in sickle cell anaemia. Pulmonary embolism refers to an embolus that lodges in the pulmonary circulation. This may arise from a deep venous thrombosis, especially", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9016954", "chunk_text": "\"Venae cavae\"\nVenae cavae The venae cavae (; from the Latin for \"\"hollow veins\"\", singular \"\"vena cava\"\" ) are two large veins (venous trunks) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans there are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the right atrium. They are located slightly off-center, toward the right side of the body. The inferior vena cava (or caudal vena cava in some animals) travels up alongside the abdominal aorta with blood from the lower part of the body. It is the largest vein in the human body. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2521645", "chunk_text": "\"Thoracic duct\"\nstarts from the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebrae (T12) and extends to the root of the neck. It drains into the systemic (blood) circulation at the angle of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins as a single trunk, at the commencement of the brachiocephalic vein. It also collects most of the lymph in the body other than from the right thorax, arm, head, and neck which are drained by the right lymphatic duct. The thoracic duct originates in the abdomen from the confluence of the right and left lumbar trunks and the intestinal trunk, forming a significant pathway", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18988250", "chunk_text": "\"Pulmonary alveolus\"\nthere are other causes of lung collapse such as trauma (pneumothorax), COPD, and pleuritis. Pulmonary alveolus A pulmonary alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin \"\"alveolus\"\", \"\"little cavity\"\") is a hollow cavity found in the lung parenchyma, and is the basic unit of ventilation. Lung alveoli are the ends of the respiratory tree, branching from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which like alveoli are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as well. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates. The alveolar membrane is the gas exchange surface. Carbon dioxide rich", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16796545", "chunk_text": "\"Blood vessel\"\nbody. This is a result of the left and right side of the heart working together to allow blood to flow continuously to the lungs and other parts of the body. Oxygen poor blood enters the right side of the heart through two large veins. Oxygen rich blood from the lungs enters through the pulmonary veins on the left side of the heart into the aorta and then reaches the rest of the body. The capillaries are responsible for allowing the blood to receive oxygen through tiny air sacs in the lungs. This is also the site where carbon dioxide", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5058737", "chunk_text": "\"Blood vessel\"\nvessels function to transport blood. In general, arteries and arterioles transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body and its organs, and veins and venules transport deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs. Blood vessels also circulate blood throughout the circulatory system Oxygen (bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells) is the most critical nutrient carried by the blood. In all arteries apart from the pulmonary artery, hemoglobin is highly saturated (95–100%) with oxygen. In all veins apart from the pulmonary vein, the saturation of hemoglobin is about 75%. (The values are reversed in the pulmonary circulation.) In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "320830", "chunk_text": "\"Bronchial circulation\"\nblood to the lung tissues themselves. This blood supplies the bronchi and the pleura to meet their nutritional requirements. Because of the dual blood supply to the lungs from both the bronchial and the pulmonary circulation, this tissue is more resistant to infarction. An occlusion of the bronchial circulation does not cause infarction, but it can still occur in pulmonary embolism when the pulmonary circulation is blocked and the bronchial circulation cannot fully compensate for it. Bronchial circulation The bronchial circulation is the part of the circulatory system that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells that constitute the lungs,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5058736", "chunk_text": "\"Blood vessel\"\nprevent backflow as a result of a decrease in blood pressure as the blood passes through the circulatory system. There are various kinds of blood vessels: They are roughly grouped as \"\"arterial\"\" and \"\"venous\"\", determined by whether the blood in it is flowing \"\"away from\"\" (arterial) or \"\"toward\"\" (venous) the heart. The term \"\"arterial blood\"\" is nevertheless used to indicate blood high in oxygen, although the pulmonary artery carries \"\"venous blood\"\" and blood flowing in the pulmonary vein is rich in oxygen. This is because they are carrying the blood to and from the lungs, respectively, to be oxygenated. Blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10438465", "chunk_text": "Blood\nair to all of the cells of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism by cells, to the lungs to be exhaled. However, one exception includes pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated blood in the body, while the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood. Additional return flow may be generated by the movement of skeletal muscles, which can compress veins and push blood through the valves in veins toward the right atrium. The blood circulation was famously described by William Harvey in 1628. In vertebrates, the various cells of blood are made in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14413814", "chunk_text": "\"Truncus arteriosus\"\nTruncus arteriosus The truncus arteriosus is a structure that is present during embryonic development. It is an arterial trunk that originates from both ventricles of the heart that later divides into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis are divided by the aorticopulmonary septum. The truncus arteriosus gives rise to the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The caudal end of the bulbus cordis gives rise to the smooth parts (outflow tract) of the left and right ventricles (aortic vestibule & conus arteriosus respectively). The cranial end of the bulbus cordis (also known as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3280	when was south african youth day first celebrated?	n/a	[ "1976", "June 16" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199909", "chunk_text": "\"Youth Day\"\nfirst Sunday of July every year in Singapore. The next day will normally be a scheduled school holiday. (Original date: 4th July) Youth Day on 16 June is a public holiday in South Africa and commemorates a protest which resulted in a wave of protests across the country known as the Soweto uprising of 1976. It came in response to multiple issues with the Bantu Education Act and the government edict in 1974 that Afrikaans be used as medium of instruction for certain subjects in black schools. The iconic picture of Hector Pieterson, a black schoolchild shot by the police,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19742185", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom Day (South Africa)\"\nFreedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South Africans had no voting rights whatsoever. It is part of the twelve public holidays determined by the Public", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19742187", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom Day (South Africa)\"\nbeat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future. Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11592694", "chunk_text": "\"International Day of the African Child\"\nInternational Day of the African Child The Day of the African Child has been celebrated on June 16 every year since 1991,when it was first initiated by the OAU Organisation of African Unity. It honors those who participated in the Soweto Uprising in 1976 on that day. It also raises awareness of the continuing need for improvement of the education provided to African children. In Soweto, South Africa, on June 16, 1976, about ten thousand black school children marched in a column more than half a mile long, protesting the poor quality of their education and demanding their right to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14244667", "chunk_text": "\"Youth activism\"\nthese youth played a crucial role around the world during the first two decades of the twenty-first century. A classic example of youth engagement in political activism is the Soweto riots. When teachers started instructing in Afrikaans, the language of their oppressors, children took the streets for a peaceful demonstration. The police reaction was brutal and on June 16, 1976, at least 25 people were killed. The violence continued and spread all across the country. By the end of the year, 575 people had died and 2,389 had been wounded. A contemporary challenge for South African youth is the AIDS", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12642146", "chunk_text": "\"Founders Day (South Africa)\"\nFounders Day (South Africa) Founders Day (\"\"Afrikaans: Stigtingsdag\"\") or Van Riebeeck's Day was a formal public holiday of the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa until 1994. The holiday was established on 6 April 1952 during the Van Riebeeck Festival in honour of the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the Dutch in South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck arrived at Table Bay on 6 April 1652 as a result Cape Town was founded. From 1980, the day became known as Founders Day (Stigtingsdag). The holiday was abolished after the first universal franchise election in 1994 and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12642147", "chunk_text": "\"Founders Day (South Africa)\"\nthe subsequent new constitution. Founders Day (South Africa) Founders Day (\"\"Afrikaans: Stigtingsdag\"\") or Van Riebeeck's Day was a formal public holiday of the Union of South Africa and the Republic of South Africa until 1994. The holiday was established on 6 April 1952 during the Van Riebeeck Festival in honour of the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the Dutch in South Africa. Jan van Riebeeck arrived at Table Bay on 6 April 1652 as a result Cape Town was founded. From 1980, the day became known as Founders Day (Stigtingsdag). The holiday was abolished after the first universal franchise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19742186", "chunk_text": "\"Freedom Day (South Africa)\"\nHolidays Act (No. 36 of 1994). On the first commemoration of the holiday, President Nelson Mandela addressed Parliament: As dawn ushered in this day, the 27th of April 1994, few of us could suppress the welling of emotion, as we were reminded of the terrible past from which we come as a nation; the great possibilities that we now have; and the bright future that beckons us. And so we assemble here today, and in other parts of the country, to mark a historic day in the life of our nation. Wherever South Africans are across the globe, our hearts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356377", "chunk_text": "\"Youth Day\"\nand the commemoration of the beginning of the national liberation movement initiated by Atatürk in 1919 The day is celebrated in honor of the arrival of Kemal Atatürk to Samsun on May 19, 1919, when the Turkish War of Independence began. Youth Day is celebrated on March 21 in Tunisia just after celebration of their independence. Youth Day is celebrated on the last Sunday of June in Ukraine. Youth Day is celebrated on February 12. The holiday was created to commemorate all the teenagers above 12 years old who fought and died in the Battle of La Victoria (1812), during", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356379", "chunk_text": "\"Youth Day\"\na symbolic birthday message, ostensibly from the youth of the whole country. Youth Day is celebrated on March 12. World Youth Day – observed by the Roman Catholic Church Youth Day Youth Day is a holiday dedicated to the youths of a country. It is observed by 18 countries, on many different dates throughout the year. The United Nations agreed on the date of 12 August in 1999. International Youth Day is an international observance on August 12 officially recognized by the United Nations.The UN General Assembly agreed on this date in 1999. Here is a list of all of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199903", "chunk_text": "\"Youth Day\"\nYouth Day Youth Day is a holiday dedicated to the youths of a country. It is observed by 18 countries, on many different dates throughout the year. The United Nations agreed on the date of 12 August in 1999. International Youth Day is an international observance on August 12 officially recognized by the United Nations.The UN General Assembly agreed on this date in 1999. Here is a list of all of the countries that observe this holiday and when they do. On April 14, Angola observes Youth Day in memory of Hoji-ya-Henda, who was killed on that day during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1527310", "chunk_text": "\"Soweto uprising\"\nevents, 16 June is now a public holiday in South Africa, named Youth Day. Black South African high school students in Soweto protested against the \"\"Afrikaans Medium Decree\"\" of 1974, which forced all black schools to use Afrikaans and English in a 50–50 mix as languages of instruction. The Regional Director of Bantu Education (Northern Transvaal Region), J.G. Erasmus, told Circuit Inspectors and Principals of Schools that from 1 January 1975, Afrikaans had to be used for mathematics, arithmetic, and social studies from standard five (7th grade), according to the Afrikaans Medium Decree; English would be the medium of instruction", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356376", "chunk_text": "\"Youth Day\"\nbrought home to many people within and outside of South Africa the effect of the struggle during the Apartheid government's reign. On 20 September each year in Thailand, National Youth Day (, \"\"Wan Yaowachon Haeng Chat\"\") commemorates the birth dates of Kings Chulalongkorn and Ananda Mahidol. Thailand celebrates Youth Day on this date because of the many births in the month of September. Youth and Sports Day (\"\"Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı\"\") on May 19 in Turkey is dedicated to the youth. This day is also Atatürk Day (\"\"Atatürk'ü Anma\"\"), a day of commemoration of Kemal Atatürk, the \"\"Father of Turkey\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11820373", "chunk_text": "\"International Youth Day\"\nInternational Youth Day International Youth Day (IYD) is an awareness day designated by the United Nations. The purpose of the day is to draw attention to a given set of cultural and legal issues surrounding youth. The first IYD was observed on 12 August, 2000. International Youth Day is observed annually on 12 August. It is meant as an opportunity for governments and others to draw attention to youth issues worldwide. During IYD, concerts, workshops, cultural events, and meetings involving national and local government officials and youth organizations take place around the world. IYD was designated by the United Nations", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356378", "chunk_text": "\"Youth Day\"\nthe Venezuelan War of Independence, on February 12, 1814. Youth Day was celebrated throughout the former Yugoslavia on May 25. This was also a celebration of Josip Broz Tito's birthday who was in fact born on May 7, 1892. His birthday was celebrated on May 25, because his troops were attacked by Nazis on May 25, day of his birth found on his forged personal documents. In the weeks preceding the date youth ran a relay around the country and on his birthday Tito was ceremonially presented with the baton. The baton, which had passed through all major cities, contained", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17938548", "chunk_text": "\"Day of the Vow\"\nDay of the Vow The Day of the Vow () was a religious public holiday in South Africa. It was an important holiday for Afrikaners, originating from the Battle of Blood River on 16 December 1838. Initially called Dingane's Day (), 16 December was made an annual national holiday in 1910, before being renamed Day of the Vow in 1982. In 1994, after the end of Apartheid, it was replaced by the Day of Reconciliation, an annual holiday also on 16 December. The day of the Vow traces its origin as an annual religious holiday to The Battle of Blood", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14030735", "chunk_text": "\"Heroes' Day (South Africa)\"\nHeroes' Day (South Africa) Kruger Day or Heroes' Day was a public holidays in South Africa from 1882 to 1899 and again from 1952 to 1994, celebrated annually on 10 October in South Africa. The day was named after Paul Kruger, a Boer resistance leader against British rule and later president of the South African Republic, who celebrated his birthday on 10 October. The day was used to underline the values and principles of the Afrikaner people. Kruger Day was first celebrated in 1882, while Paul Kruger was still alive. Kruger was then the vice president, but because he enjoyed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11356372", "chunk_text": "\"Youth Day\"\nYouth Day in India is celebrated on 12 January on the birthday of Swami Vivekananda. In 1984, the Government of India declared and decided to observe the Birthday of Swami Vivekananda (12 January, according to the English calendar) as National Youth Day every year from 1985 onwards. To quote from the Government of India's Communication, ‘It was felt that the philosophy of Swamiji and the ideals for which he lived and worked could be a great source of inspiration for the Indian Youth.’ Swami Vivekananda's Birthday, according to Indian Almanac (Vishuddha Siddhanta Almanac) is on Pausha Krishna Saptami tithi, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15957571", "chunk_text": "\"Day of Reconciliation\"\nDay of Reconciliation The Day of Reconciliation is a public holiday in South Africa held annually on 16 December. The holiday came into effect in 1994 after the end of apartheid, with the intention of fostering reconciliation and national unity for the country. The date was chosen because it was significant to both Afrikaner and African cultures. The government chose a meaningful date for both ethnic groups because they recognize the need for racial harmony. The celebration of the Day of Reconciliation can take the form of remembering past history, recognizing veteran's contributions, marching and other festivities. The origins of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14030736", "chunk_text": "\"Heroes' Day (South Africa)\"\nso much respect from his people, his birthday was commemorated with a day of feasting. The following year it was officially introduced as a public holiday. Use of the holiday ended in 1902, after Britain defeated the South African Republic in the Second Boer War. In 1910, with Unification, the day was still not recognized as a public holiday, though popular celebrations of a heroes' day did take place. An event in Cape Town on 25 March 1916 included a march by banner-carrying students, followed by several public addresses in the city hall. A few years after the National Party", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20712241", "chunk_text": "\"Scouts South Africa\"\npersonal development. It is also one of the largest youth organisations in the rural parts of South Africa and performs many community upliftment programmes in those areas. The highest award attainable by a Scout in South Africa is the Springbok award. A Scout is required to complete all the requirements for the Springbok award before their 18th birthday. The South African Scout Association was one of the first youth organisations to open its doors to youth and adults of all races in South Africa. This happened on 2 July 1977 at a conference known as \"\"Quo Vadis\"\". The aim of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15230875", "chunk_text": "\"Majuba Day\"\nMajuba Day Majuba Day \"\"(Afrikaans: Majubadag)\"\" was a major annual national celebration on 27 February in the South African Republic in the period between the First and Second Boer Wars. The day was named after the Battle of Majuba Hill (near Volksrust, South Africa) where on 27 February 1881 the main battle of the First Boer War took place. During the Second Boer War, the surrender of Piet Cronjé to the British after the equally resounding Battle of Paardeberg took place on 27 February 1900, leading Paul Kruger to declare, \"\"The English have taken our Majuba Day away from us\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17968878", "chunk_text": "\"History of Johannesburg\"\npart in the protests. The number of protesters killed by police was officially given as 176, but estimates of up to 700 have been made. In remembrance of these events, the 16th of June is now a public holiday in South Africa. A thirteen year old Black boy, Hector Pieterson, is the iconic first victim of police brutality, but Dr Melville Edelstein, who had devoted his life to social welfare among blacks, was soon forgotten. He was stoned to death by the mob and left with a sign around his neck proclaiming \"\"Beware Afrikaners\"\". Following the riots the government founded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1527335", "chunk_text": "\"Soweto uprising\"\nriots of 1976 and the murder of Steve Biko, and right up to Mandela's release from prison in 1990 and the future president's speech in which he acknowledged the debt owed by all black South Africans to the students who gave their lives in Soweto on 16 June 1976. Soweto uprising The Soweto uprising was a series of demonstrations and protests led by black school children in South Africa that began on the morning of 16 June 1976. Students from numerous Sowetan schools began to protest in the streets of Soweto in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14030738", "chunk_text": "\"Heroes' Day (South Africa)\"\nnearest 10 October. Heroes' Day (South Africa) Kruger Day or Heroes' Day was a public holidays in South Africa from 1882 to 1899 and again from 1952 to 1994, celebrated annually on 10 October in South Africa. The day was named after Paul Kruger, a Boer resistance leader against British rule and later president of the South African Republic, who celebrated his birthday on 10 October. The day was used to underline the values and principles of the Afrikaner people. Kruger Day was first celebrated in 1882, while Paul Kruger was still alive. Kruger was then the vice president, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11415091", "chunk_text": "\"Culture of South Africa\"\nBaden-Powell (the founder of Scouting) during his time in South Africa as a military officer in the 1890s-1900s. The South African Scout Association was one of the first youth organisations to open its doors to youth and adults of all races in South Africa. This happened on 2 July 1977 at a conference known as \"\"Quo Vadis\"\". Culture of South Africa The culture of South Africa is known for its ethnic and cultural diversity. The South African majority still has a substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely impoverished lives. It is among these people, however, that cultural traditions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17497912", "chunk_text": "\"UnFreedom Day\"\nUnFreedom Day UnFreedom Day is an unofficial annual event that is marked every year on or around 27 April. UnFreedom Day is planned to coincide with the official South African holiday called Freedom Day, an annual celebration of South Africa's first non-racial democratic elections of 1994. UnFreedom Day was started by Abahlali baseMjondolo in Durban in 2005 has become a day of education in which films, discussions and performances play a major role. The theme of the day is to demonstrate that the poor are still not free in South Africa. Abahlali use the day to celebrate the growing strength", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1858567", "chunk_text": "\"Youth in South Africa\"\nYouth in South Africa Youth in South Africa constituted 37% of the population in 2010, numbering 19.1 million individuals. South Africa's National Youth Commission Act, 1996, defines youth as those from ages 14 to 35 years. Like many other developing countries, South Africa's population as a whole is quite young. The elevated level of youth population is expected to exist for the next 20–30 years; the large proportion of working-age population presents South Africa with a time period of opportunity for human capital and economic development. Although South Africa transitioned from an apartheid government to a democracy in the early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7509689", "chunk_text": "\"Hector Pieterson\"\nHector Pieterson Hector Pieterson (19 August 1963 – 16 June 1976) was a South African schoolboy who was shot and killed during the Soweto uprising, when police opened fire on students protesting the enforcement of teaching in Afrikaans. A news photograph by Sam Nzima of the mortally wounded Pieterson being carried by another Soweto resident while his sister ran next to them was published around the world. The anniversary of his death is designated Youth Day, when South Africans honour young people and bring attention to their needs. On 16 June 1976, school children protested the implementation of Afrikaans and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1858568", "chunk_text": "\"Youth in South Africa\"\n1990s, the policies have a continued legacy of significant inequalities. The burden of many of these inequalities falls on South African youth in terms of education, employment, poverty, and health outcomes. Past government policies in South Africa have been unfavorable for twenty-first century youth, diminishing their ability to engage meaningfully in social, political, and economic activities of society. During apartheid, many youth were arrested and detained in jail, often without trial; many children were held in adult prisons. Youth policy is guided by the National Youth Policy (2009-2014), which was developed based on a series of legislative frameworks from 1994", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1527309", "chunk_text": "\"Soweto uprising\"\nSoweto uprising The Soweto uprising was a series of demonstrations and protests led by black school children in South Africa that began on the morning of 16 June 1976. Students from numerous Sowetan schools began to protest in the streets of Soweto in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in local schools. It is estimated that 20,000 students took part in the protests. They were met with fierce police brutality. The number of protesters killed by police is usually given as 176, but estimates of up to 700 have been made. In remembrance of these", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13016308", "chunk_text": "Apartheid\nis celebrated as a public holiday known as Freedom Day. The following individuals, who had previously supported apartheid, made public apologies: Apartheid Apartheid (South African English: ; , lit. \"\"separateness\"\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on \"\"baasskap\"\" (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population. The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day. Broadly speaking, apartheid was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19809285", "chunk_text": "\"Congress of South African Students\"\nCongress of South African Students The Congress of South African Students (COSAS) is an anti-apartheid student organisation established in 1979 in the wake of the June 16 Soweto Uprisings in 1976 in South Africa. In its first two years COSAS took up two commemorative campaigns that authorities saw as African National Congress-supporting; the 1979 hanging of uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) guerrilla Solomon Mahlangu and the centenary of the Zulu victory over British troops at Isandhlwana. In 1982, COSAS adopted the theme; “Student-worker action” and promoted the formation of youth congresses to serve the interests of young workers and unemployed youth. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18441967", "chunk_text": "\"Africa Day\"\nAfrica Day Africa Day (formerly African Freedom Day and African Liberation Day) is the annual commemoration of the foundation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) (now known as the African Union) on 25 May 1963. It is celebrated in various countries on the African continent, as well as around the world. The First Congress of Independent African States was held in Accra, Ghana on 15 April 1958. It was convened by Prime Minister of Ghana Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, and comprised representatives from Egypt (then a constituent part of the United Arab Republic), Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8754230", "chunk_text": "\"Day of Reconciliation\"\nSouth Africa, such as the San people. South African President, Jacob Zuma, in 2009, also stressed that the holiday was meant to also promote \"\"non-sexism.\"\" The day is also the sixteenth day of the South African summer holiday period. It is the first of four public holidays observed at the height of summer in the Southern Hemisphere, along with Christmas Day, Day of Goodwill and New Year's Day. Many small businesses close down and employees go on leave over this period. Day of Reconciliation The Day of Reconciliation is a public holiday in South Africa held annually on 16 December.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9859189", "chunk_text": "\"Southern Rhodesia African National Congress\"\nto increase fares to such a level that workers would be spending between 18% and 30% of their income on transportation alone. In response to the price hike, James Chikerema, George Nyandoro, Dudziye Chisiza and Edson Sithole founded the Harare based City Youth League (later the African Youth League), and organised a mass boycott that was successful in preventing the price change. On 12 September 1957, the largely dormant ANC and the City Youth League merged to found the Southern Rhodesia African National Congress. The date was significant, being the 67th Anniversary of Occupation Day, a holiday celebrated by the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15199904", "chunk_text": "\"Youth Day\"\nPortuguese Colonial War. National Youth Day is a national holiday in Cameroon on February 11. Nation Youth Day (青年节) in the People's Republic of China is on May 4. It was established in December 1949 by the Government Administration Council to commemorate the beginning of the May Fourth Movement. Youth Day (青年節) in the Republic of China (Taiwan) has been celebrated on March 29 since 1954. It commemorates the Huanghuagang Uprising of 1911, during which 72 young revolutionaries sacrificed their lives to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. The Uprising took place on April 27 (the 29th day of the 3rd month", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4607076", "chunk_text": "\"Heritage Day (South Africa)\"\nHeritage Day (South Africa) Heritage Day is a South African public holiday celebrated on 24 September. On this day, South Africans are encouraged to celebrate their culture and the diversity of their beliefs and traditions, in the wider context of a nation that belongs to all its people. In KwaZulu-Natal, 24 September was known as Shaka Day, in commemoration of the Zulu King, Shaka, on the presumed date of his death in 1828. Shaka was the Zulu King who played an important role in uniting disparate Zulu clans into a cohesive nation. Each year people gather at King Shaka's grave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14030737", "chunk_text": "\"Heroes' Day (South Africa)\"\ncame to power in South Africa, the day was introduced again as Heroes' Day (Afrikaans: Heldedag) from 1952 onward. From time to time, later governments referred to it as either Heroes' Day or Kruger Day. With the ANC government coming to power in the 1994 elections, a new set of holidays replaced the former ones, and Kruger Day was no longer recognized as a public holiday. Heroes' Day remains one of six holidays in the Afrikaner enclave of Orania, and events in the spirit of Heroes' Day are promoted by some schools and cultural organisations, and held on the Saturday", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11820375", "chunk_text": "\"International Youth Day\"\nof events around the world. These included, in 2013: IYC'13 hosted by: The event has its own specialty in empowering the youth power. International Youth Day International Youth Day (IYD) is an awareness day designated by the United Nations. The purpose of the day is to draw attention to a given set of cultural and legal issues surrounding youth. The first IYD was observed on 12 August, 2000. International Youth Day is observed annually on 12 August. It is meant as an opportunity for governments and others to draw attention to youth issues worldwide. During IYD, concerts, workshops, cultural events,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17112541", "chunk_text": "\"Scouts South Africa\"\nScouts South Africa Scouts South Africa is the World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM) recognised Scout association in South Africa. Scouting began in the United Kingdom in 1907 through the efforts of Robert Baden-Powell and rapidly spread to South Africa, with the first Scout troops appearing in 1908. South Africa has contributed many traditions and symbols to World Scouting. Scouts South Africa caters for youth and young adults from the ages of 7 through 30. It is split into three sections, Cubs, Scouts, and Rovers, with each section serving a different age group, and concentrating on different areas of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19527389", "chunk_text": "\"World Youth Day\"\nWorld Youth Day World Youth Day (WYD) is an event for young people organized by the Catholic Church. The next, World Youth Day 2019, will be held in Panama. World Youth Day was initiated by Pope John Paul II in 1985. Its concept has been influenced by the Light-Life Movement that has existed in Poland since the 1960s, where during summer camps Catholic young adults over 13 days of camp celebrated a \"\"day of community\"\". For the first celebration of WYD in 1986, bishops were invited to schedule an annual youth event to be held every Palm Sunday in their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7072592", "chunk_text": "\"Day of the Vow\"\nSouth Africa was positioned against the decolonization of Africa. The economic and political crises of the 1970s and 1980s forced white Afrikaners to rethink the apartheid system. Afrikaner and other intellectuals began to critically evaluate the historical basis for the celebration. The need to include English and \"\"moderate\"\" black groups in reforms prompted a de-emphasis on \"\"the ethnic exclusivity and divine mission of Afrikaners\"\" (Ehlers 2003). Day of the Vow The Day of the Vow () was a religious public holiday in South Africa. It was an important holiday for Afrikaners, originating from the Battle of Blood River on 16", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4607077", "chunk_text": "\"Heritage Day (South Africa)\"\nto honour him on this day. The Public Holidays Bill presented to the new democratic Parliament of South Africa in 1995 did not have 24 September included on the list of proposed public holidays. As a result of this exclusion, the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), a South African political party with a large Zulu membership, objected to the bill. Parliament and the IFP reached a compromise and the day was given its present title and seen as a public holiday. South Africans celebrate Heritage Day by remembering the cultural heritage of the many cultures that make up the population of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3554547", "chunk_text": "\"National Youth Day (India)\"\nNational Youth Day (India) National Youth Day is celebrated in India on 12 January on the birthday of Swami Vivekananda. In 1984 the Government of India declared the day as the National Youth Day and since 1985 the event is celebrated in India every year. It was a great decision of Government of India taken in the year, 1984 to celebrate the birthday of great Swami Vivekananda i.e. 12 January as a National Youth Day every year. As the Government of India had quoted and realized that ' the philosophy of Swamiji and the ideals for which he lived and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1858569", "chunk_text": "\"Youth in South Africa\"\nonwards. These legislative and policy frameworks include the National Youth Commission Act, 1996; White Paper for Social Welfare, 1997; National Youth Development Policy Framework, 2000-2007; and the Draft National Youth Policy, 2008-2013. Youth in the twenty-first century are more highly educated than in previous decades due to the expansion of youth educational opportunities since the end of apartheid. Older generations have lower levels of average education achievement than younger ones, which is attributable to the apartheid government policies regarding education. According to the South African National Census of 2011, 40.6% of those aged 20–24 years completed grade 12; only 9.9%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8065081", "chunk_text": "\"Mandela Day\"\nMandela Day Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is an annual international day in honour of Nelson Mandela, celebrated each year on 18 July, Mandela's birthday. The day was officially declared by the United Nations in November 2009, with the first UN Mandela Day held on 18 July 2010. However, other groups began celebrating Mandela Day on 18 July 2009. On 27 April 2009, the 46664 concerts and the Nelson Mandela Foundation invited the global community to join them in support of an official Mandela Day. Mandela Day is not meant as a public holiday, but as a day", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1858579", "chunk_text": "\"Youth in South Africa\"\na substantial reduction in youth HIV prevalence has not been achieved. Youth in South Africa Youth in South Africa constituted 37% of the population in 2010, numbering 19.1 million individuals. South Africa's National Youth Commission Act, 1996, defines youth as those from ages 14 to 35 years. Like many other developing countries, South Africa's population as a whole is quite young. The elevated level of youth population is expected to exist for the next 20–30 years; the large proportion of working-age population presents South Africa with a time period of opportunity for human capital and economic development. Although South Africa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19316711", "chunk_text": "\"Children's Day\"\nsince 1989. Traditionally, 1 October is the day which Singapore officially celebrates Children's Day. A similar event celebrated every year is Youth Day, which is celebrated on the first Sunday of July every year. Kindergarten and primary school children in Singapore do not have to attend school on this day. From 2011, Children's Day was celebrated on the first Friday of October. In South Africa, Children's Day is on the first Saturday of November but not really celebrated in any significant way. In South Sudan, Children's Day is celebrated on 23 December, the birthday of South Sudan's \"\"greatest child\"\" according", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20886859", "chunk_text": "\"Afrikaner Broederbond\"\nAfrikaner Broederbond The Afrikaner Broederbond (AB) (meaning Afrikaner Brotherhood) or Broederbond was a secret, exclusively male and Afrikaner Calvinist organisation in South Africa dedicated to the advancement of Afrikaner interests. It was founded by H. J. Klopper, H. W. van der Merwe, D. H. C. du Plessis and Rev. Jozua Naudé in 1918 and was known as \"\"Jong Zuid Afrika\"\" (Young South Africa) until 1920, when it became the Broederbond. Its large influence within South African political and social life, came to a climax with the rise of apartheid, which was largely designed and implemented by Broederbond members. Between 1948", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3281	baseball teams who have not won a world series?	n/a	[ "Washington Nationals", "Tampa Bay Rays", "San Diego Padres", "Milwaukee Brewers", "Seattle Mariners", "Texas Rangers", "Colorado Rockies" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743384", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nbecame the 11th team to lose the World Series in consecutive seasons. In the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 14 and won 9, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York/San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 20 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455146", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nteams have won 66 of the 114 World Series played (57.9%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 23.7% of all series played and 40.9% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series, accounting for 9.6% of all series played and 23% of the 48 National League victories. When the first modern World Series was played in 1903, there were eight teams in each league. These 16 franchises, all of which are still in existence, have each won at least two World Series titles. The number of teams was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743395", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nnot win their first championship until the 1920s; and three of the teams that were highly successful prior to 1920 (the Boston Red Sox, Chicago White Sox and the Chicago Cubs) went the rest of the 20th century without another World Series win. The Red Sox and White Sox finally won again in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The Cubs had to wait over a century (until the 2016 season) for their next trophy. They did not appear in the Fall Classic from 1945 until 2016, the longest drought of any MLB club. The New York Yankees purchased Babe Ruth from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455144", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nNew York Mets in the World Series 4–1, capturing their first title in 30 years. The 2015 contest was the first time that two expansion clubs met for the Fall Classic. In 2016, the Chicago Cubs ended their 108-year long drought without a World Series title by defeating the Cleveland Indians, rallying from a 3–1 Series deficit in the process. That extended Cleveland's World Series title drought to 68 years and counting – the Indians last won the Series in 1948 – now the longest title drought in the majors. Beginning in 2017, home field advantage in the World Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455156", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nOhio (Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds), Florida (Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins), Texas (Texas Rangers and Houston Astros – who now both play in the American League since the Astros changed leagues in 2013, making any future joint World Series appearance an impossibility unless one of the teams switches leagues), or Pennsylvania (the Philadelphia Phillies and the Pittsburgh Pirates have been traditional National League rivals going back to the late 19th Century). Neither the Phillies nor the Pirates ever faced the Athletics in October during the latter team's tenure in Philadelphia, through 1954. The Boston Red Sox never similarly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455103", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nappeared in 9 and won 5. As of 2018, no team has won consecutive World Series championships since the New York Yankees in , , and —the longest such drought in Major League Baseball history. Until the formation of the American Association in 1882 as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455123", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\n1988–1990, winning once. 1988 and 1989 were all-California series as the A's lost to the Dodgers and beat the Giants, respectively. The Giants have been in four World Series' in the new millennium, losing in 2002 to the Anaheim Angels (Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim from 2005 to 2015), and winning in 2010 (Rangers), 2012 (Tigers), and 2014 (Royals). Prior to 1969, the National League and the American League each crowned its champion (the \"\"pennant winner\"\") based on the best win-loss record at the end of the regular season. A structured playoff series began in 1969, when both the National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3983414", "chunk_text": "\"Boston Red Sox\"\nmoved to the right so it remains the right-most number hanging. Boston Red Sox The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won nine World Series championships, most recently in 2018, and they have played in 13. In addition, they won the American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series. Founded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13245767", "chunk_text": "\"Boston Red Sox\"\nBoston Red Sox The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won nine World Series championships, most recently in 2018, and they have played in 13. In addition, they won the American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455154", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nSox vs. the Boston Braves, and the Philadelphia Phillies vs. the Philadelphia Athletics. (The Braves moved to Milwaukee in 1953, and the Athletics moved to Kansas City in 1955.) Currently there are four metropolitan areas that have two Major League Baseball teams — New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. Of the four, only Los Angeles has not hosted a cross-town World Series. Such a contest would pit the Dodgers against the Angels. Below is a chronological list of World Series played between teams from the same metropolitan area, with the winning teams listed in boldface. The historic rivalry", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18150073", "chunk_text": "\"2018 World Series\"\nteam since the 1992 Atlanta Braves, to lose consecutive Fall Classics. The Boston Red Sox' most recent World Series appearance was their 2013 win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Los Angeles Dodgers, who last won a World Series in 1988 over the Oakland Athletics, made their second consecutive appearance, after losing to the Houston Astros in 2017. The two franchises faced each other in the 1916 World Series; the Red Sox won the series in five games against the then-Brooklyn Robins. Red Sox manager Alex Cora and Dodgers manager Dave Roberts were teammates on the Dodgers in 2002, 2003,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5477013", "chunk_text": "\"Salary cap\"\nto defray team's funding obligations from player benefits. Measuring the success of the luxury tax in bringing the benefits of parity has brought mixed results. A team with a $100 million plus payroll has won the World Series 11 times (the 2009 Yankees, the 2004, 2007 and 2013 Red Sox, the 2011 St. Louis Cardinals, the 2010, 2012 and 2014 San Francisco Giants, the 2015 Kansas City Royals, the 2016 Chicago Cubs, and the 2017 Houston Astros). However, while $100 million plus payrolls have only existed since 2001, the last team to win the World Series with a payroll less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455126", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nMetrodome in Minnesota. (The last World Series played outdoors during the day was the final game of the 1984 series in Detroit's Tiger Stadium.) During this seven-year period, only three teams won the World Series: the Oakland Athletics from 1972 to 1974, Cincinnati Reds in 1975 and 1976, and New York Yankees in 1977 and 1978. This is the only time in World Series history in which three teams have won consecutive series in succession. This period was book-ended by World Championships for the Pittsburgh Pirates, in 1971 and 1979. However, the Baltimore Orioles made three consecutive World Series appearances:", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12728734", "chunk_text": "\"Seattle Mariners\"\nto preserve baseball in Seattle, and has since become an iconic moment in team history. The Mariners won 116 games in , which set the American League record for most wins in a single season and tied the 1906 Chicago Cubs for the Major League record for most wins in a single season. Through the end of the 2018 season, the franchise has finished with a losing record in 28 of 42 seasons. The Mariners are one of seven Major League Baseball teams who have never won a World Series championship, and one of two (along with the Washington Nationals)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455147", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nunchanged until 1961, with fourteen expansion teams joining MLB since then. Twelve have played in a World Series (the Mariners and Expos/Nationals being the two exceptions). The expansion teams have won ten of the 22 Series (45%) in which they have played, which is 9% of all 114 series played since 1903. In 2015, the first World Series featuring only expansion teams was played between the Kansas City Royals and New York Mets. This information is up to date through the present time: When two teams share the same state or metropolitan area, fans often develop strong loyalties to one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455157", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nfaced the Braves while the latter team played in Boston through 1952. There also was never an all-Canada World Series between the Toronto Blue Jays and the former Montreal Expos, who never won a National League pennant when they played in that Canadian city from 1969 through 2004. The Expos became the Washington Nationals in 2005 – raising the possibility of a potential future \"\"I-95 World Series\"\" between the National League team and the AL's Baltimore Orioles, who play just 50 miles to the north of Washington. Finally, the Los Angeles and/or Anaheim Angels have never faced off in October", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455127", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\n1969 (losing to the \"\"amazing\"\" eight-year-old franchise New York Mets), 1970 (beating the Reds in their first World Series appearance of the decade), and 1971 (losing to the Pittsburgh Pirates, as well their 1979 appearance, when they again lost to the Pirates), and the Los Angeles Dodgers' back-to-back World Series appearances in 1977 and 1978 (both losses to the New York Yankees), as well in 1974 losing against the cross-state rival Oakland Athletics. Game 6 of the 1975 World Series is regarded by most as one of the greatest World Series games ever played. It found the Boston Red Sox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743415", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\n12, 1994, the players went on strike. After a month passed with no progress in the labor talks, Selig canceled the rest of the 1994 season and the postseason on September 14. The World Series was not played for the first time in 90 years. The Montreal Expos, now the Washington Nationals, were the best team in baseball at the time of the stoppage, with a record of 74–40 (since their founding in 1969, the Expos/Nationals have never played in a World Series.) The labor dispute lasted into the spring of 1995, with owners beginning spring training with replacement players.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "101173", "chunk_text": "\"Chicago Cubs\"\nCubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116–36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of , before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (\"\"The Hitless Wonders\"\") by four games to two. The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2771756", "chunk_text": "\"Gene Mauch\"\nGene Mauch Gene William Mauch (November 18, 1925 – August 8, 2005) was an American professional baseball player and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman for the Brooklyn Dodgers (1944, 1948), Pittsburgh Pirates (1947), Chicago Cubs (1948–49), Boston Braves (1950–51), St. Louis Cardinals (1952) and the Boston Red Sox (1956–57). Mauch was best known for managing four teams from 1960 to 1987. He is by far the winningest manager to have never won a league pennant (breaking the record formerly held by Jimmy Dykes), three times coming within a single victory. He managed the Philadelphia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15257241", "chunk_text": "\"Drayton McLane\"\nthe National League in winning percentage (.543), but never won a World Series. The Astros, originally the Colt 45's, were founded in 1962. They won their first World Series in 2017 (2017 World Series). Up until 2017, the Astros 2005 season was the most successful season on the field for the Houston franchise. Winning the \"\"National League Pennant\"\" to advance to the World Series, Houston hosted the first World Series game ever played in the State of Texas. However, the Astros, who had rallied from a losing record earlier in the season, were swept by the Chicago White Sox in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15304841", "chunk_text": "\"1933 World Series\"\nLouis Cardinals after their early 6–0 lead had evaporated. The Nats have yet to win a postseason series since their move, as their later October stints in 2014, 2016, and 2017 all ended in NLDS losses. (Montreal only made one postseason appearance, winning the 1981 National League Division Series that was created due to that season's players' strike.) This first Washington Senators franchise became the Minnesota Twins during the 1960–61 offseason, and would not reach the World Series again until as the Twins—since then, they have won two World Series, in and . The second Washington Senators, inaugurated in 1961", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743420", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nbefore he retired at the end of that season. As Bob Ryan of \"\"The Boston Globe\"\" wrote in July 2015 about the rule: However, within the last seven seasons, home-field advantage, in terms of deciding World Series games, has not necessarily worked for teams of said games. Since 2014, the home team has not won the deciding game of a World Series. The San Francisco Giants won the World Series in 2010, 2012, and 2014 while failing to qualify to play in the postseason in the intervening seasons. The Texas Rangers were twice only one strike away from winning their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18496334", "chunk_text": "\"2016 World Series\"\nSeries, following the 1925 Pittsburgh Pirates, the 1958 New York Yankees, the 1968 Detroit Tigers, the 1979 Pittsburgh Pirates, and the 1985 Kansas City Royals. The Cubs, playing in their eleventh World Series and their first since 1945, won their third championship and first since 1908, ending the longest world championship drought in North American professional sports history. It was the Indians' sixth appearance in the World Series and their first since 1997, with their last Series win having come in 1948. The two teams entered their matchup as the two franchises with the longest World Series title droughts, a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15142704", "chunk_text": "\"Ex-Cubs Factor\"\nwith the Florida Marlins (who had ex-Cub Lenny Harris) defeating the New York Yankees (who had no ex-Cubs), though Harris did not play in the World Series. Since 1945, of the 23 teams to reach the World Series with three or more Cubs players, only 3 have won the World Series (the 1960 Pirates, the 2001 Diamondbacks, and the 2008 Phillies). Since its articulation in 1981, the Ex-Cubs Factor has been used to predict and explain post-season and World Series defeats for many different baseball teams. During the 1980s, the ex-Cubs factor was used to explain a number of losses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1429362", "chunk_text": "\"American League\"\nthe National League champion; two seasons did not end in playing a World Series (1904, when the National League champion New York Giants refused to play their AL counterpart, and 1994, when a players' strike prevented the Series). Through 2018, American League teams have won 66 of the 114 World Series played since 1903, with 27 of those coming from the New York Yankees alone. The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles, the most in the league's history, followed by the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics (15) and the Boston Red Sox (14). Originally a minor league known as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2150096", "chunk_text": "\"2011 World Series\"\nas the Washington Senators), the team was the only one in Major League Baseball to never win a postseason series, and was one of three teams (along with the Seattle Mariners and the Washington Nationals) to never appear in the World Series. However, that season, the Rangers won their first postseason series and made their first appearance in the World Series, only to lose to the San Francisco Giants in five games. During the offseason, Chuck Greenberg, who purchased the Rangers from Tom Hicks during the 2010 season along with Nolan Ryan, sold his interest in the team to Ryan,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11916154", "chunk_text": "\"1973 World Series\"\nin the American League Championship Series), the Los Angeles Dodgers, the San Francisco Giants, the Boston Red Sox, the Detroit Tigers and the Kansas City Royals (none of whom made the postseason). The 1973 New York Mets had the lowest winning percentage (now the second-lowest) of any postseason team (the San Diego Padres finished 82–80 in 2005). 1969 holdovers Bud Harrelson, Jerry Grote, Wayne Garrett, Tom Seaver, Jerry Koosman, and Tug McGraw joined forces with the Mets' farm-system alumni John Milner and Jon Matlack and trade-acquired Rusty Staub, Félix Millán, and Willie Mays, now 42 years old. Don Hahn and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455143", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nfirst World Series title in 2011, but the St. Louis Cardinals' David Freese, the eventual Series MVP, drove in both the tying and winning runs late in Game 6 to force a Game 7. The Kansas City Royals reached the World Series in 2014, which was their first appearance in the postseason since winning the series in 1985. At the time, it was the longest postseason drought in baseball. They lost in seven games to the Giants. The following season, the Royals finished with the American League's best record, and won a second consecutive American League pennant. They defeated the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13573827", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nthe Chicago White Sox. They became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League. The city of Houston in August 2017 suffered record flooding from Hurricane Harvey. The team began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word \"\"Strong\"\" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag \"\"Houston Strong\"\". Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14701796", "chunk_text": "\"Cleveland Indians\"\nCleveland Indians The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12571808", "chunk_text": "\"New York City\"\n(Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore–Washington, and the San Francisco Bay Area being the others) to have two baseball teams. Additionally, there have been 14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a Subway Series and occurring most recently in . No other metropolitan area has had this happen more than once (Chicago in , St. Louis in , and the San Francisco Bay Area in ). The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Mets, who play at Citi Field in Queens, and the New York Yankees, who play at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14918282", "chunk_text": "\"1969 World Series\"\ntheir eighth year of existence. Two teams later surpassed that, as the Florida Marlins won the 1997 World Series in their fifth year (also becoming the first wild card team to win a World Series) and the Arizona Diamondbacks won the 2001 World Series in their fourth year of play. This was the first World Series since to have games played in New York that didn't involve the New York Yankees; it was also the first World Series in which neither the New York Giants nor Brooklyn Dodgers (as both teams had moved to California in 1958) represented New York", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "413374", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Washington Nationals\"\nHistory of the Washington Nationals The Washington Nationals are a Major League Baseball team formed in 1969 as the Montreal Expos. In 2005, the Expos moved to Washington, D.C. and were renamed the Nationals. The franchise has never won a World Series or National League pennant, but has won its division five times. The Montreal Expos joined the National League in 1969, along with the San Diego Padres, with a majority share held by Charles Bronfman, a major shareholder in Seagram. Named after the Expo 67 World's Fair, the Expos' initial home was Jarry Park. Managed by Gene Mauch, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17289992", "chunk_text": "\"National League\"\npolicy would allow each league to have 15 teams, with one team in each league playing an interleague game on any given day. As a condition of the sale of the Astros to Jim Crane in November 2011, the team agreed to move to the American League effective with the 2013 season. Through the 2018 season, the Dodgers and Giants have won the most NL pennants, with 23 each. Representing the National League against the American, the Cardinals have won the most World Series (11) followed by the Giants (8), Dodgers (6), Pirates (5), and Reds (5). St. Louis also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9242194", "chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles Dodgers\"\n1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956) and the World Series in 1955. After moving to Los Angeles, the team won National League pennants in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, 2017, and 2018, with World Series championships in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981 and 1988. In all, the Dodgers have appeared in 20 World Series: 9 in Brooklyn and 11 in Los Angeles. For most of the first half of the 20th century, no Major League Baseball team employed an African American player. Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play for a Major League Baseball team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11144518", "chunk_text": "\"1989 World Series\"\nto the Toronto Blue Jays and in 2006 to the Detroit Tigers—and a total of eight times in the postseason (1992, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2013 and 2014) since this Series. At the time of the 1989 World Series, the Oakland franchise had not seen a World Series win since . The Giants, meanwhile, failed to repeat as National League Champions and would not return to the playoffs until 1997, when they were swept by the Florida Marlins in the NLDS. The Giants would not return to the World Series until , when they lost a seven-game series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13416514", "chunk_text": "\"San Diego Padres\"\nSan Diego Padres The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball team based in San Diego, California. The Padres compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Founded in 1969, the Padres have won two NL pennants — in 1984 and 1998, losing in the World Series both years. As of 2017, they have had 14 winning seasons in franchise history. The Padres are one of two Major League Baseball teams (the other being the Los Angeles Angels) in California to originate from that state; the Athletics were originally from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455148", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nand antipathies towards the other, sometimes building on already-existing rivalries between cities or neighborhoods. Before the introduction of interleague play in 1997, the only opportunity for two teams playing in the same area but in different leagues to face each other in official competition would have been in a World Series. The first city to host an entire World Series was Chicago in 1906. The Chicago White Sox were known as \"\"the Hitless Wonders\"\" that year, with the worst team batting average in the American League. The Chicago Cubs had a winning percentage of .763, a record that still stands.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12706730", "chunk_text": "\"1965 World Series\"\nin all seven games. This had not happened since 1940, and has never been repeated since. The Twins' loss in Game 7 remains the only World Series game the Twins have lost at home, having later won all their home games in 1987 and 1991. Through 2017, the Twins have never won a road World Series Game (not including when the franchise was the original Washington Senators). The National League won its third consecutive World Series (Dodgers in 1963, St. Louis Cardinals in 1964). The Senior Circuit would not claim back-to-back titles again until 1975 and 1976, when the Cincinnati", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743438", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nWorld Cup and generally disregarded its results. The Caribbean Series features competition among the league champions from Mexico, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Venezuela but unlike the FIFA Club World Cup, there is no club competition that features champions from all professional leagues across the world. World Series The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11326414", "chunk_text": "\"2003 World Series\"\nChicago Cubs and most recently the 2017 Houston Astros. They also became the second expansion team in the National League to win two World Series titles, following the New York Mets who achieved this feat in ; the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League, who pulled this off in and , are the third major-league expansion franchise to do so. The Kansas City Royals, also of the American League, became the 4th expansion franchise to win two World Series titles, adding the 2015 title to their 1985 win. The Marlins also became the fastest expansion team to win two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14396007", "chunk_text": "\"Washington Nationals\"\nBryce Harper in 2010, attracted new levels of attention to the team. At the time of his selection, Strasburg was called the \"\"most-hyped pick in draft history,\"\" and Harper later became the youngest position player to be selected to the MLB All-Star Game. Including their time in Montreal, the Nationals are one of two franchises, and the only one in the National League, never to have won a league pennant and played in a World Series, along with the Seattle Mariners of the American League. Multiple short-lived baseball franchises, including two named the Nationals, played in Washington with the National", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7854431", "chunk_text": "\"St. Louis Cardinals\"\nSt. Louis Cardinals The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division. Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006. One of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball (behind the New York Yankees) and the most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455118", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nthe Boston Red Sox after the 1919 season, appeared in their first World Series two years later in 1921, and became frequent participants thereafter. Over a period of 45 years from 1920 to 1964, the Yankees played in 29 World Series championships, winning 20. The team's dynasty reached its apex between 1947 and 1964, when the Yankees reached the World Series 15 times in eighteen years, helped by an agreement with the Kansas City Athletics (after that team moved from Philadelphia during 1954–1955 offseason) whereby the teams made several deals advantageous to the Yankees (until ended by new Athletics' owner", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455151", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nnow-Los Angeles Dodgers four times, losing to them in a four-game sweep in 1963, beating them back-to-back in 1977 and 1978 and losing to them in 1981). An all-New York Series did not recur until 2000, when the Yankees defeated the New York Mets in five games. The last World Series played entirely in one ballpark was the 1944 \"\"Streetcar Series\"\" between the St. Louis Cardinals and the St. Louis Browns. The Cardinals won in six games, all held in their shared home, Sportsman's Park. The 1989 World Series, sometimes called the \"\"Bay Bridge Series\"\" or the \"\"BART Series\"\" (after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9455116", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nSox\"\" were acquitted in a criminal conspiracy trial. However, baseball in the meantime had established the office of Commissioner in an effort to protect the game's integrity, and the first commissioner, Kenesaw Mountain Landis, banned all of the players involved, including Weaver, for life. The White Sox would not win a World Series again until 2005. The events of the 1919 Series, segueing into the \"\"live ball\"\" era, marked a point in time of change of the fortunes of several teams. The two most prolific World Series winners to date, the New York Yankees and the St. Louis Cardinals, did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12728735", "chunk_text": "\"Seattle Mariners\"\nnever to have played in a World Series. With the National Football League's Buffalo Bills ending their 17-year playoff drought on December 31, 2017, the Mariners now hold the longest playoff drought in all of the four major North American professional sports, having not qualified for the playoffs since 2001. The Mariners were created as a result of a lawsuit. In , in the aftermath of the Seattle Pilots' purchase and relocation to Milwaukee as the Milwaukee Brewers by Bud Selig, the city of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington (represented by then-state Attorney General and future U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3232155", "chunk_text": "\"Miami Marlins\"\nMiami Marlins The Miami Marlins are an American professional baseball organization based in Miami, Florida. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division. Their home park is Marlins Park. Though one of only two MLB franchises to have never won a division title (the other is the Colorado Rockies), the Marlins have won two World Series championships as a wild card team. The team began play as an expansion team in the 1993 season as the Florida Marlins and played home games from their inaugural season to the 2012 season", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743383", "chunk_text": "\"World Series\"\nthen each league has conducted a championship series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance. As of 2018, the World Series has been contested 114 times, with the AL winning 66 and the NL winning 48. The 2018 World Series took place between the Los Angeles Dodgers and Boston Red Sox from October 23-28, with the Red Sox winning in five games to earn their ninth title. This was the first World Series meeting between these two teams since 1916. Having previously lost to the Houston Astros in the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3282	who has the most trophies in la liga?	n/a	[ "Real Madrid" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6831521", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\ninception. Nine teams have been crowned champions, with Real Madrid winning the title a record 33 times and Barcelona 25 times. Barcelona won the inaugural La Liga in 1929 with Athletic Bilbao claiming several titles in the league's early years. Barcelona and Real Madrid dominated the championship in the 1950s, winning four La Liga titles each throughout the decade. Real Madrid dominated La Liga from the 1960s through the 1980s, when Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao, and Real Sociedad won the league twice in those years. From the 1990s onward, Barcelona has dominated La Liga, winning 15 titles. Although Real Madrid has", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5978436", "chunk_text": "\"Copa del Rey\"\nleading winners are also disputed. Barcelona have won the Copa 30 times; Athletic Bilbao are just behind, with either 24 or 23 titles, depending on the source. Throughout the history of the competition, there have been 12 actual trophies. Trophies have been permanently awarded to clubs for winning the competition either three times in a row or on five separate occasions and for other special reasons. Thus, five trophies have been permanently awarded to Barcelona, three to Bilbao and one to Real Madrid. Athletic Bilbao kept the first trophy as inaugural winners, Sevilla FC were awarded the \"\"Trofeo del Generalísimo\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6831522", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nbeen prominent, winning 8 titles, La Liga has also seen other champions, including Atlético Madrid, Valencia, and Deportivo de La Coruña. In the 2010s, Atlético Madrid has become an increasingly stronger team, forming a trio alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona. According to UEFA's league coefficient, La Liga has been the top league in Europe over the last five years and has led Europe for more years (21) than any other country. It has also produced the continent's top-rated club more times (21) than any other league, more than double that of second-placed Serie A. Its clubs have won the most", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18783826", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga Awards\"\nBarcelona players have won 32 honours in the six main categories, almost triple the number won by any other club. Barcelona forward Lionel Messi has been named La Liga's best player eight years out of ten and La Liga's best forward eight times out of nine, with the latest honour received for the 2017/2018 season. Across all positions, the other outstanding individuals are Barcelona midfielder Andrés Iniesta with five wins, Barcelona coach Pep Guardiola with four wins, Real Madrid defender Sergio Ramos with four wins, and goalkeepers Iker Casillas of Real Madrid and Víctor Valdés of Barcelona with two wins", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6831553", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nChampions League. From 2000-2010, FC Barcelona won 5 La Liga titles and 2 Champions League. In the 2011–12 season, Real Madrid won its 32nd title under the management of José Mourinho with a then record-breaking 100 points, a then record of 118 number of goals scored, most overall (32) and away (16) wins in a single season in La Liga. A year later, Barcelona replicated the same feat under coach Tito Vilanova matching the 100-point record. Atlético Madrid won the 2013–14 title, their first in 18 years, and the first title in ten years that Real Madrid or Barcelona had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1471209", "chunk_text": "\"Sport in Spain\"\ncompetitions. Successful teams in recent European competitions are Real Madrid, FC Barcelona, Sevilla, Athletic Bilbao, Valencia CF and Atlético Madrid. Real Madrid and Barcelona have dominated for much of their history, and created an intimate rivalry. Real Madrid has been dubbed by many pundits as the most successful club in the world, having won the UEFA Champions League a record 13 times, almost all other UEFA club competitions at least once and the La Liga a record 33 times. Barcelona has been European champions 5 times, and won La Liga on 25 occasions. Other teams such as Atlético Madrid, Sevilla", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "276117", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nsequence. All in all, Barcelona and Real Madrid won 4 La Liga titles each, with Atletico De Madrid and Atletico De Bilbao winning one each during this decade. Between 1961 and 1980, Real Madrid dominated the \"\"Primera División\"\", being crowned champions 14 times, including five-in-a-row from 1961 to 1965 and two three-in-a-row sequences (1967–1969 and 1978–1980). However, their only European Cup triumph during this period came in 1966, a sharp contrast to their five successive victories in the competition from 1956. During this era, only Atlético Madrid offered Real Madrid any serious challenge, adding four more titles to their tally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8557364", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish football clubs in international competitions\"\nSpanish football clubs in international competitions Football clubs from La Liga (Spain) have been the most successful in Europe. Real Madrid have been crowned champions of Europe on 13 separate occasions. La Liga clubs have won 60 major European trophies between them, more than any other league. Real Madrid have won 22 titles in total while Barcelona have won 14, and Atlético Madrid have contributed another 8 , while Sevilla have won 6. Deportivo La Coruña have been regulars in the UEFA Champions League while Athletic Bilbao, RCD Espanyol, Alavés and RCD Mallorca have all contested major finals. Even smaller", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16891826", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Spain\"\n(2), Arenas Club de Getxo (1) and Mallorca (1). The Spanish Super Cup (Spanish: Supercopa de España) is a championship organized by Royal Spanish Football Federation and contested by the winners of La Liga and Copa del Rey. The competition was founded in 1982. Ten clubs have won the title: Barcelona (13), Real Madrid (10), Deportivo de La Coruña (3), Atlético Madrid (2), Athletic Bilbao (2), Valencia (1), Real Zaragoza (1), Mallorca (1), Sevilla (1) and Real Sociedad (1). The Spanish football clubs are very successful in international competitions. They are the most successful in different current European competitions, such", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1939903", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nnot won. In the 2014–15 season, under the deadly trio of Messi, Neymar, Suarez, nicknamed the 'MSN', Barcelona made history by becoming the first team to achieve a second Treble. The 'MSN' hit a record breaking 122 goals, eclipsing the 118 goals scored by Madrid in the 2011–12 season. Barcelona continued the dominance in the 2015–16 season, winning the Liga/Copa Del Rey double resulting in 4 titles in 6 years. Real Madrid brought back the La Liga title under the management of Zinedine Zidane in 2016–17, but Barcelona won the title in the 2017–18 season, as well as winning their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7969771", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Spain\"\nas UEFA Champions League, UEFA Super Cup, and UEFA Europa League ; and they also were the most successful in the extinct Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. The most successful clubs in international competitions are Real Madrid and Barcelona. In addition, other Spanish clubs have also won titles in international tournaments, such as Atlético Madrid, Valencia, Sevilla, Real Zaragoza, Villarreal, Deportivo de La Coruña, Celta de Vigo and Málaga. Spanish football clubs hold different records in international competitions. Real Madrid is the most successful club in the European Cup/UEFA Champions League. They have won 13 titles and were runners-up three times. Real", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16125293", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nand Valencia are in the top ten most successful clubs in European football in terms of total European trophies. These three clubs, along with Sevilla and Atlético Madrid, are five of the most successful teams in European competition history; these five are the only Spanish clubs to have won five or more international trophies. Deportivo La Coruña are the joint fifth-most participating Spanish team in the Champions League with Sevilla — after Real Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Atletico Madrid — with five Champions League appearances in a row, including a semifinal appearance in 2003–04. In 2005–06, Barcelona won the Champions", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16891825", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Spain\"\nemerging 3–1 winners. Club Bizcaya, which consisted of players from both Basque teams, eventually beat Barcelona in the final. Alfonso XIII subsequently became the patron of many Spanish football clubs, granting them permission to use \"\"\"\"Real\"\"\"\" (Spanish for \"\"royal\"\") in their names. Among the many clubs to add the prefix to their name was Madrid FC, which subsequently became Real Madrid. Fourteen clubs have won the title: Barcelona (30), Athletic Bilbao (23), Real Madrid (19), Atlético Madrid (10), Valencia (7), Real Zaragoza (6), Sevilla (5), Espanyol (4), Real Union (4), Real Betis (2), Deportivo de La Coruña (2), Real Sociedad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10670169", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\neighth double, for a total of 7 La Liga titles in 10 years. 20 teams contest the league in its current season, including the top 17 sides from the 2017–18 season and three promoted from the 2017–18 Segunda División. Rayo Vallecano and Huesca are the two clubs promoted directly from the second division, and the winner of the play-offs, Valladolid. The \"\"Primera División\"\" is currently first in the UEFA rankings of European leagues based on their performances in European competitions over a five-year period, ahead of England's Premier League, Italy's Serie A, and Germany's Bundesliga in fourth. Real Madrid, Barcelona", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1939906", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nLeague and Sevilla won the UEFA Cup, making the La Liga the first league to do the European \"\"double\"\" since 1997. On 25 August 2015, La Liga became the first league to classify five teams for the UEFA Champions League group stage (Atlético Madrid, Barcelona, Real Madrid, Sevilla and Valencia). Performance comparison of top teams since 2000. The All-time La Liga table is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in La Liga since its inception in 1929. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season. Teams", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7969763", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Spain\"\nCup) and the Supercopa de España (English: Spanish Supercup). Other extinct competitions were the League Cup, the Eva Duarte Cup and the President's Cup of the Spanish Football Federation. Up to a total of fifteen clubs have been winners of some of the official competitions in Spain at the highest level, and FC Barcelona is the most awarded club with seventy-two national titles, The Spanish football league system consists of several leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation. In addition, Spanish Royal Federation Cup is a football competition for teams from the Segunda División B, the Tercera División and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16891823", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Spain\"\n77,632 people in the stadium with highest average attendance. In La Liga's 89-year history (with the exeception of the three seasons that the league was suspended due to the civil war), Barcelona and Real Madrid have won 55 titles between them. Barcelona and Real Madrid are two fierce rivals clubs, and the matches between both two clubs are named as \"\"El Clásico\"\". Those football matches are one of the most viewed sports events in the world. Although a total of 62 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception, only nine clubs have won the title: Real Madrid (33),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6831552", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nthe new century under the brilliance of Ronaldinho. Barcelona retained the title and won it again in the 2005-2006 season, as well as winning the UEFA Champions League against Arsenal, achieving their second European Double. Under the era of Pep Guardiola, powered by La Masia's talent, such as Lionel Messi, Xavi and Andrés Iniesta, Barcelona added three straight Liga titles in 2008, 2009 and 2010. FC Barcelona also became the first team in Spain to achieve the Treble in the 2008/09 season, winning all three major competitions in a single season consisting of La Liga, Copa Del Rey and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12970234", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nin eight years, making him the most successful manager in Barcelona’s history until the record was broken by his protege Pep Guardiola two decades later. Barcelona's run ended with Real Madrid winning La Liga in 1995. Atlético Madrid won their ninth \"\"Primera División\"\" title in 1996 before Real Madrid added another Liga trophy to their cabinet in 1997. After the success of Cruyff, another Dutchman – Ajax manager Louis van Gaal – arrived at the Camp Nou, and with the talents of Luís Figo, Luis Enrique, and Rivaldo, Barcelona won La Liga title in 1998 and 1999, which included their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12970235", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nfourth double of Liga and Copa Del Rey in 1998. As \"\"Primera División\"\" entered a new century, the two giants of Spain, Real Madrid and Barcelona, found themselves facing new challengers. Between 1999/00 and 2004, Deportivo La Coruña finished in the top three on ten occasions, a better record than either Real Madrid or Barcelona, and in 2000, under Javier Irureta, Deportivo became the ninth team to be crowned champions. Valencia were also a fierce team in the 2000s and under the management of Héctor Cúper, Valencia finished as Champions League runners-up in 2000 and 2001. His successor, Rafael Benítez,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6831523", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nUEFA Champions League (18), UEFA Europa League (11), UEFA Super Cup (15), and FIFA Club World Cup (6) titles, and its players have accumulated the highest number of Ballon d'Or awards (22), The Best FIFA Men's Player including FIFA World Player of the Year (19) and UEFA Men's Player of the Year including UEFA Club Footballer of the Year (11). La Liga is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world, with an average attendance of 26,983 for league matches in the 2017–18 season. This is the sixth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16891829", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Spain\"\nhistory to achieve the continental treble twice (2009 and 2015). Sevilla is the most successful club in the UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, with five titles. In total, the Spanish football clubs have won 73 international titles as of 2018. Over the years, Spanish clubs have won the European Cups/Champions League 18 times, the UEFA Super Cup 14 times, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 7 times, the UEFA Europa League 11 times, the UEFA Intertoto Cup 7 times and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup 6 times. In addition, Spanish clubs have also won the Intercontinental Cup 4 times, and the FIFA Club", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "276118", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nin 1966, 1970, 1973, and 1977. Of the other clubs, only Valencia in 1971 and the Johan Cruyff-inspired Barcelona of 1974 broke the dominance of Real Madrid. The Madrid winning sequence was interrupted more significantly in 1981 when Real Sociedad won their first-ever title. They retained it in 1982, and their two in a row was followed by fellow Basque team Athletic Bilbao, who won back-to-back titles in 1983 and 1984. Terry Venables led Barcelona to a solitary title in 1985 before Real Madrid put together another five in a row sequence (1986–1990) with a team guided by Leo Beenhakker", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8733606", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nwith Barcelona and \"\"El Derbi\"\" with Atlético Madrid. Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8616794", "chunk_text": "\"Sport in Madrid\"\nSport in Madrid Madrid is home to a number of football teams and other sports teams. Madrid is home to La Liga football club giants Real Madrid, who play their home games at the Santiago Bernabéu. Their supporters are referred to as \"\"Madridistas\"\" or \"\"Merengues\"\" (Meringues). Real Madrid is one of the most prestigious football clubs of the world (FIFA selected Real Madrid the best team of the 20th century), having won a record 13 European Cups. Real has also won record 33 league titles and 19 Copa del Rey titles. Real Madrid's successful hometown rivals, Atlético Madrid, are also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11709517", "chunk_text": "\"UEFA club competition records and statistics\"\nUEFA club competition records and statistics Real Madrid hold the record for the most overall titles (22) and Milan with most UEFA Super Cup wins (5), a record shared with Barcelona. The Madrilenian club have record thirteen were achieved in the UEFA Champions League and its predecessor. Barcelona have a record four titles in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup while Sevilla have a record of five UEFA Cup and Europa League titles. Finally, German clubs Hamburg, Schalke 04 and Stuttgart, and Spanish club Villarreal are the record holders by titles won in the UEFA Intertoto Cup (2 each). To date,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "276114", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nlate 1940s after they had won back to back La Liga titles. During this decade, Barcelona's first golden era emerged. Under coach Ferdinand Daučík, FC Barcelona won back to back doubles, winning La Liga and Copa Del Rey in 1952 and 1953. In 1952, FC Barcelona made history yet again by winning five distinctive trophies in one year. This team, composed of László Kubala, Mariano Gonzalvo, Cesar Rodriguez and Joan Segarra won La Liga, Copa Del Rey, Copa Eva Duarte (predecessor of Spanish Super Cup), The Latin Cup and The Copa Martini Rossi. Their success in winning five different trophies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19411086", "chunk_text": "\"El Clásico\"\nhis name and number facing them. The rivalry reflected in El Clásico matches comes about as Real Madrid and Barcelona are the most successful football clubs in Spain. As seen below, Barcelona leads Real Madrid 93–89 in terms of official overall trophies. While the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup is recognised as the predecessor to the UEFA Cup, it was not organised by UEFA. Consequently, UEFA does not consider clubs' records in the Fairs Cup to be part of their European record. However, FIFA does view the competition as a major honour. El Clásico El Clásico (; , ; ) is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16562894", "chunk_text": "\"Madrid Derby\"\nto the broader Castile (historical region)). In the modern era, the Madrid Derby is the second biggest derby in Spanish football, behind El Clásico, and although Real Madrid have the larger worldwide fanbase, Atlético Madrid have also amassed a significant worldwide fanbase, due to their level of success in the UEFA Champions League. Real Madrid is the most successful club in the UEFA Champions League, having won it thirteen times. Atlético Madrid have never won the Champions League, though they have reached the final on three occasions (losing twice against Real Madrid), and they have also won the UEFA Europa", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "370615", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Madrid\"\nLeague finals. Historically, Atletico has won 10 national league titles and 10 national cup titles. The final matches for the UEFA Euro 1964 and the 1982 FIFA World Cup, were held at Bernabéu, thus making Madrid the first city in Europe to host both a UEFA European Championship and a FIFA World Cup final. Some of Spain's top footballers are Madrilenians (born in Madrid), including Real Madrid former captains Emilio Butragueño (and co-teammate of La Quinta del Buitre, \"\"The Vulture's Cohort\"\"), Raúl or Iker Casillas and Atlético Madrid player Fernando Torres. In 2018, Madrid produced two clubs, UEFA Champions League", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14335320", "chunk_text": "\"El Viejo Clásico\"\namong this group, now hampered by their self-imposed restrictive Basque-only player policy in an age of worldwide recruitment, exemplified by Madrid's \"\"Galácticos\"\" who won seven further Champions Leagues between 1998 and 2018. Real Madrid have a global fanbase and are one of the world's richest, most decorated and best-attended clubs. Athletic have a much lower profile and have occasionally flirted with relegation, although they have consistently ranked among the top half-dozen clubs in Spain for performance, matchday attendance and popularity. Nevertheless, despite the disparities in stature between the two clubs, the fixtures remain keenly fought due to their historical and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12722322", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\n28 May 2016, Real and Atlético met again for the Champions League title in Milan, which resulted in a win for Real after a penalty shootout. A further minor rivalry exists between Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao. This is known as El Viejo Clásico (\"\"the old classic\"\"), so named as the two clubs were dominant in the first half of the 20th century, meeting in nine Copa del Rey finals including the first in 1903. Until 10 December 2011, this fixture was the most played in the history of Spanish football, when it was surpassed by \"\"El Clásico\"\". Athletic Bilbao,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16125275", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nUnder Samitier and legendary players Cesar Rodriguez, Josep Escola, Estanislau Basora and Mariano Gonzalvo, Barcelona dominated La Liga in the late 1940s, winning back to back La Liga titles in 1948 and 1949. The 1940s proved to be a successful season for Barcelona, winning three La Liga titles and one Copa Del Rey, but the 1950s proved to be a decade of dominance, not just from Barcelona, but from Real Madrid. Although Atlético Madrid, previously known as \"\"Atlético Aviación\"\", were champions in 1950 and 1951 under \"\"catenaccio\"\" mastermind Helenio Herrera, the 1950s continued the success FC Barcelona had during the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6831551", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nbuilt on this and led the club to a Liga title in 2002, as well as winning the UEFA Cup and La Liga in 2004. Real Madrid won two Liga titles in 2001 and 2003 and also the UEFA Champions League in 2000 and 2002. With world-class players like Raúl, Ruud van Nistelrooy and Gonzalo Higuaín, Real Madrid won back-to-back La Liga titles in 2006–07 and 2007–08. All in all, Madrid won 4 La Liga's and two champions league from 2000-2010. The 2000s also continued the success of FC Barcelona. In the 2004–05 season, Barcelona won their first title of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5978437", "chunk_text": "\"Copa del Rey\"\nin 1939 and Atlético Madrid, winners the previous year, were awarded the 11th trophy following the death of Francisco Franco. In December 2010, the cup was given to Sevilla, the 2010 winners, to keep in honour of Spain's World Cup victory. Before the formation of La Liga in 1929, the competition was effectively a national championship. Teams qualified to enter via their regional leagues. Over the years, various formats, including group stages have been used. Unlike the English FA Cup, entry is limited. Only teams from the \"\"Primera División\"\", \"\"Segunda A\"\", about 23 teams from the \"\"Segunda B\"\" and the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5882760", "chunk_text": "Madrid\nand two UEFA Champions League finals. Historically nationwide, Atletico has won ten Leagues and ten Cups. The final matches for the UEFA Euro 1964, the 1982 FIFA World Cup, the 1957, 1969 and 1980 European Cups and the 2010 UEFA Champions League, as well as the second leg of the 2018 Copa Libertadores were held at the Bernabéu. The 2019 UCL Final is scheduled to be played at the Metropolitano Stadium. Some of Spain's top footballers are Madrilenians (born in Madrid), including Real Madrid former captains Emilio Butragueño, Raúl González or Iker Casillas and Atlético Madrid former captain Fernando Torres.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16891828", "chunk_text": "\"Football in Spain\"\nMadrid is also the most successful club in the Intercontinental Cup (three titles, shared record with A.C. Milan, Peñarol, Boca Juniors, Nacional) and FIFA Club World Cup (three titles, shared record with Barcelona). Barcelona is the most successful club in the FIFA Club World Cup (three titles, shared record with Real Madrid), and it is also the most successful club in the UEFA Super Cup (five titles, shared record with Milan). In addition, Barcelona became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year (2009) completing the sextuple, and the first European club in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16125279", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nmost cases, clubs could only have three foreign players in their squads, meaning that at least eight local players had to play in every game. During the 1950s, however, these rules were circumvented by Real Madrid who naturalized Alfredo Di Stéfano and Ferenc Puskás. Di Stéfano, Puskás, Raymond Kopa and Francisco Gento formed the nucleus of the Real Madrid team that dominated the second half of the 1950s. Madrid won the first division in 1954, 21 years later since 1933, and retained its title in 1955. They were winners again in 1957 and 1958, with only Athletic Bilbao interrupting their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14066050", "chunk_text": "\"2016–17 La Liga\"\nor more minutes to be eligible for the trophy. La Liga's governing body, the Liga de Fútbol Profesional, honoured the competition's best players and coach with the La Liga Awards. 2016–17 La Liga The 2016–17 La Liga season, also known as La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons, was the 86th since its establishment. The season began on 19 August 2016 and concluded on 21 May 2017. The title was won by Real Madrid, for a record 33rd time; this was the first time they became champions since the 2011–12 season. Real Madrid also became only the second side (after Barcelona", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "193467", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nseason was 76,234, the highest in European Leagues. Real has also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (33 as of 2016–17) and the most seasons won in a row (five, during 1960–65 and 1985–90). With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March 1965), the club holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga. The club also hold the record for winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League thirteen times and for the most semi-final appearances (28). As of April 2016, Cristiano Ronaldo is the all-time top scorer in the UEFA", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12722323", "chunk_text": "\"Real Madrid C.F.\"\nwho operate a policy of only using local players, have long since ceased to be a competitive rival to clubs such as Real Madrid who scour the globe for the best talent; the \"\"Lions\"\" have collected no major trophies since 1984 and won only two of the 26 matches between the teams from 2005–06 to 2016–17. However, the matches remain keenly fought due to their historical and cultural significance, with some parallels to the political aspect of the Barcelona/Catalonia rivalry as Athletic are the largest club in the Basque region. Real Madrid and Germany's Bayern Munich are two of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20472884", "chunk_text": "\"FC Barcelona\"\nAthletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first Spanish football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, by also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which won 14 trophies in just 4 years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19414086", "chunk_text": "\"FC Barcelona\"\nratio of 0.832 goals-conceded-per-game, a La Liga record, and he also holds the record for longest period without conceding a goal (896 minutes) in all competitions for Barcelona. Claudio Bravo has the record of best unbeaten start in a season in La Liga history, at 754 minutes. Barcelona's longest serving manager is Jack Greenwell, with nine years in two spells (1917–1924) and (1931–1933), and Pep Guardiola is the club's most successful manager (14 trophies in 4 years). The most successful Barcelona player is Lionel Messi with 33 trophies, surpassing Andrés Iniesta, with 32 trophies. Barcelona's Camp Nou is the largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9410052", "chunk_text": "\"Copa de la Liga\"\nCopa de la Liga The Copa de la Liga (League Cup in Spanish) was a Spanish football tournament created in 1982. Due to time constraints, saturation and club pressure, the competition only lasted four years, being cancelled in 1986. Winning the trophy helped two clubs to complete unique cup doubles: FC Barcelona with the Copa del Rey (1983) and Real Madrid with the UEFA Cup (1985). In all four finals, the team that played the second leg at home won the trophy. The League Cup was a straight knock-out competition. All ties were played over two legs, home and away,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6003930", "chunk_text": "\"Atlético Madrid\"\nAtlético Madrid Club Atlético de Madrid, SAD (), commonly known as Atlético Madrid, or simply as Atlético or Atleti, is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid, that play in La Liga. The club play their home games at the Wanda Metropolitano, which has a capacity of 68,000. In terms of the league titles won, most recently in 2014, Atlético Madrid are the third most successful club in Spanish football - behind Real Madrid and Barcelona. Atlético have won La Liga on 10 occasions, including a league and cup double in 1996; the Copa del Rey on 10 occasions;", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12463610", "chunk_text": "Trophy\nsince 2009. The original trophy was awarded to Estudiantes de La Plata in 1970 (after their third win) - the present trophy is the third, identical edition. Until 2009, clubs that win the European Champion Clubs' Cup three times in successive seasons, or five times in total, were permitted to retain the trophy in perpetuity. The present trophy has been used since 2005–06 after Liverpool's fifth win in 2005. The original trophy was awarded to Real Madrid in 1966 (after their sixth win) — the present trophy is the sixth incarnation overall. Four trophies have served as an award (out", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16125271", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nfounding clubs, Real Madrid, Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao, have never been relegated from the \"\"Primera División\"\". Although Barcelona won the very first \"\"Liga\"\" in 1929 and Real Madrid won their first titles in 1932 and 1933, it was Athletic Bilbao that set the early pace winning \"\"Primera División\"\" in 1930, 1931, 1934 and 1936. They were also runners-up in 1932 and 1933. In 1935, Real Betis, then known as \"\"Betis Balompié\"\", won their only title to date. \"\"Primera División\"\" was suspended during the Spanish Civil War. In 1937, the teams in the Republican area of Spain, with the notable exception", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "276101", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\ndirector at Arenas Club de Getxo, first proposed the idea of a national league in Spain. After much debate about the size of the league and who would take part, the Real Federación Española de Fútbol eventually agreed on the ten teams who would form the first \"\"Primera División\"\" in 1929. Barcelona, Real Madrid, Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad, Arenas Club de Getxo and Real Unión were all selected as previous winners of the Copa del Rey. Atlético Madrid, Espanyol and Europa qualified as Copa del Rey runners-up and Racing de Santander qualified through a knockout competition. Only three of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1939900", "chunk_text": "\"La Liga\"\nThis team was formed by international stars such as Brazilian legend Romario, Denmark’s magician Michael Laudrup, Bulgarian forward Hristo Stoichkov, Dutchman Ronald Koeman, and Spaniards Andoni Zubizarreta and Jose Mari Bakero. Cruyff’s Dream Team also consisted of La Masia graduates Pep Guardiola, Albert Ferrer, and Guillermo Amor. Johan Cruyff changed the way modern football was played and incorporated the principles of ‘Total Football’ into this team. The success of possession-based football was revolutionary and Johan Cruyff’s team won their first European Cup in 1992 and four consecutive La Liga titles between 1991 and 1994. In total, Cruyff won 11 trophies", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18237305", "chunk_text": "\"Spanish football rivalries\"\nof the top playing talent and have stadia which are among the largest in Europe. In the early 21st century, a significant rivalry developed between the two most prominent forwards in each team, Portuguese Cristiano Ronaldo and Argentinian Lionel Messi, who consistently vied to break goalscoring records and win global individual awards in addition to helping their clubs to several major finals, with their mutual levels of performance seldom seen in the past – this added a new element to the matches between them and generated even more attention from media and supporters. The third team in the original triad", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3283	who told the story of the prodigal son?	n/a	[ "Jesus Christ" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3540640", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\nParable of the Prodigal Son The Parable of the Prodigal Son (also known as the Two Brothers, Lost Son, Loving Father, or Lovesick Father) is one of the parables of Jesus and appears in . Jesus Christ shares it with his disciples, the Pharisees and others. In the story, a father has two sons, a younger and an older. The younger son asks the father for his inheritance, and the father grants his son's request. However, the younger son is prodigal (i.e., wasteful and extravagant) and squanders his fortune, eventually becoming destitute. The younger son is forced to return home", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12723693", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Trilogy\"\nThe Prodigal Trilogy The Prodigal Trilogy is a 2008 independent Christian short film that tells the Parable of the Prodigal Son from the Bible, from a modern perspective. It was made in a combination of theatrical and cinematic styles, and was filmed in the Orillia Opera House in Orillia, Ontario, Canada. The film is divided into three acts, each act containing the three characters' monologues. Each character is played by Jason Hildebrand. Act I is the younger son's story. He tells of how he demanded that his father should give him his inheritance right away, and how he then ran", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19333621", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal\"\nThe Prodigal The Prodigal is a 1955 Eastmancolor biblical epic CinemaScope film made by MGM starring Edmund Purdom and Lana Turner. It was based on the New Testament parable about a selfish son who leaves his family to pursue a life of pleasure. The film also features James Mitchell, Louis Calhern, Joseph Wiseman, Cecil Kellaway and Walter Hampden. The dancer Taina Elg made her film debut. The story is loosely based on Jesus Christ's parable of the prodigal son, from the Gospel According to Luke 15:11-32, although considerable liberties are taken with the source material, chief among them being the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8602905", "chunk_text": "\"Tears of the Prodigal Son\"\nTears of the Prodigal Son The Tears of the Prodigal Son () is a poem written by the Croatian Baroque poet Ivan Gundulić. It was originally published in Venice in 1622. The poem is composed of three laments (cries) (\"\"plač\"\"): the Sin (\"\"Sagriješenje\"\"), the Comprehension (\"\"Spoznanje\"\") and the Humility (\"\"Skrušenje\"\"), presenting the three basic categories of Christianity — sin, repentance and redemption — through contrasts like death/life, sin/purity and Hell/Heaven. The poem \"\"Tears of the Prodigal Son\"\" draws on the well-known biblical Parable of the Prodigal Son found in Luke 15:11-32, the basis of which forms a story on a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13498011", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\n1992 book, \"\"The Return of the Prodigal Son: A Story of Homecoming\"\", in which he describes his own spiritual journey infused with understanding based on an encounter with Rembrandt's painting of the return of the Prodigal and deals with three personages: the younger, prodigal son; the self-righteous, resentful older son; and the compassionate father – all of whom the author identifies with personally. An earlier work with similarities to the parable is \"\"Le retour de l'enfant prodigue\"\" (\"\"The Return of the Prodigal Son\"\"), a short story by André Gide. Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem giving an interpretation of the younger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4049280", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)\"\nThe Prodigal Son (Sullivan) The Prodigal Son is an oratorio by Arthur Sullivan with text taken from the parable of the same name in the Gospel of Luke. It features chorus with soprano, contralto, tenor and bass solos. It premiered in Worcester Cathedral on 10 September 1869 as part of the Three Choirs Festival. The work was Sullivan's first oratorio, and it was the first sacred music setting of this parable, preceding Claude Debussy's 1884 cantata \"\"L'enfant prodigue\"\" and Sergei Prokofiev's 1929 ballet \"\"The Prodigal Son\"\", Op. 46. Sullivan was still in his 20s when he composed this piece, which,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12098309", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)\"\nbeen recorded. The Prodigal Son (Sullivan) The Prodigal Son is an oratorio by Arthur Sullivan with text taken from the parable of the same name in the Gospel of Luke. It features chorus with soprano, contralto, tenor and bass solos. It premiered in Worcester Cathedral on 10 September 1869 as part of the Three Choirs Festival. The work was Sullivan's first oratorio, and it was the first sacred music setting of this parable, preceding Claude Debussy's 1884 cantata \"\"L'enfant prodigue\"\" and Sergei Prokofiev's 1929 ballet \"\"The Prodigal Son\"\", Op. 46. Sullivan was still in his 20s when he composed this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20798298", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (play)\"\nThe Prodigal Son (play) The Prodigal Son: a dramatic renarration () written by Norwegian author and philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990) in 1951, is a dramatized representation of the life of Jesus, named Immanuel in Zapffe's play. The play is a dramatic biography of Jesus, influenced by the philosophical thoughts represented in the essay \"\"Den sidste Messias\"\" (en. \"\"The Last Messiah\"\") published in 1933 and Zapffe's philosophical treatise, \"\"Om det tragiske\"\" (en. \"\"On the Tragic\"\") published in 1941. Zapffe asserts that Jesus, like most people in the past and present, misinterpreted what it means to be human on this earth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13367950", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Trilogy\"\nstyles in a smooth steadycam style. This was done in order to convey the personalities of the characters of the Younger Son, Elder Son, and Father, respectively. \"\"The Prodigal Trilogy\"\" has won several awards and honors, including: The Prodigal Trilogy The Prodigal Trilogy is a 2008 independent Christian short film that tells the Parable of the Prodigal Son from the Bible, from a modern perspective. It was made in a combination of theatrical and cinematic styles, and was filmed in the Orillia Opera House in Orillia, Ontario, Canada. The film is divided into three acts, each act containing the three", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12972778", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Britten)\"\nThe Prodigal Son (Britten) The Prodigal Son is an opera by Benjamin Britten with a libretto by William Plomer. Based on the Biblical story of the Prodigal Son, this was Britten's third \"\"parable for church performance\"\", after \"\"Curlew River\"\" and \"\"The Burning Fiery Furnace\"\". Britten dedicated the score to Dmitri Shostakovich. The first performance took place on 10 June 1968 in St Bartholomew's Church, Orford, Suffolk. The instrumentalists included the horn player Neill Sanders and the percussionist James Blades. Colin Graham was the stage director. The United States premiere was presented at the Caramoor Summer Music Festival on June 29,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7869093", "chunk_text": "\"Le retour de l'enfant prodigue\"\nLe retour de l'enfant prodigue Le retour de l'enfant prodigue (\"\"The Return of the Prodigal Son\"\") is a short story by André Gide. Gide wrote the story in early 1907. It is based on the Biblical parable of the prodigal son. The story begins with the prodigal son returning home, not repentant, but hungry, poor, and frustrated at having failed to achieve his goal. He engages in dialogues with his father, mother, and elder brother. In Gide's version of the parable, the prodigal has a younger brother, who is on the verge of also leaving home; the returned prodigal promises", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16724038", "chunk_text": "\"L'enfant prodigue (Auber)\"\nL'enfant prodigue (Auber) L'enfant prodigue (\"\"The Prodigal Son\"\") is a grand opera in five acts composed by Daniel Auber to a French libretto by Eugène Scribe based on the Parable of the Prodigal Son in Chapter 15 of the Gospel of Luke. It was first performed at the Théâtre de l'Académie Nationale de Musique in Paris on 6 December 1850. The role of Azaël (the prodigal son of the title) was sung in the premiere by the celebrated French tenor, Gustave-Hippolyte Roger, (1815-1879). The ballet music was used by Constant Lambert in 1933 for the ballet \"\"Les Rendezvous\"\" with choreography", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19333626", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal\"\n\"\"the biggest and most embarrassing failure\"\" and \"\"the worst film I ever supported\"\" in his time at MGM. \"\"The Prodigal\"\" was satirized in \"\"Mad\"\" #26 (November 1955) as \"\"The Prodigious\"\". The Prodigal The Prodigal is a 1955 Eastmancolor biblical epic CinemaScope film made by MGM starring Edmund Purdom and Lana Turner. It was based on the New Testament parable about a selfish son who leaves his family to pursue a life of pleasure. The film also features James Mitchell, Louis Calhern, Joseph Wiseman, Cecil Kellaway and Walter Hampden. The dancer Taina Elg made her film debut. The story is loosely", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20798300", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (play)\"\nhim decide that a play was the best solution. Zapffe is said to have considered Jesus to be western culture's most tragic character, according to his findings presented in his treatise \"\"On the tragic\"\" (1941) and its definition of the \"\"objectively tragical\"\". His findings were later presented in his short biography of Jesus called \"\"Rikets hemmelighet \"\"(en. \"\"The Secret of the Kingdom\"\") of 1985. The Prodigal Son (play) The Prodigal Son: a dramatic renarration () written by Norwegian author and philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990) in 1951, is a dramatized representation of the life of Jesus, named Immanuel in Zapffe's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10914806", "chunk_text": "\"The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)\"\nin judgment; in the parable he objects to the father's compassion for the sinful son: But he answered his father, \"\"Behold, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed a commandment of yours, but you never gave me a goat, that I might celebrate with my friends. But when this, your son, came, who has devoured your living with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him.\"\"—Luke 15:29–30, World English Bible The father explains, \"\"But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for this, your brother, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16724039", "chunk_text": "\"L'enfant prodigue (Auber)\"\nby Frederick Ashton. Sources L'enfant prodigue (Auber) L'enfant prodigue (\"\"The Prodigal Son\"\") is a grand opera in five acts composed by Daniel Auber to a French libretto by Eugène Scribe based on the Parable of the Prodigal Son in Chapter 15 of the Gospel of Luke. It was first performed at the Théâtre de l'Académie Nationale de Musique in Paris on 6 December 1850. The role of Azaël (the prodigal son of the title) was sung in the premiere by the celebrated French tenor, Gustave-Hippolyte Roger, (1815-1879). The ballet music was used by Constant Lambert in 1933 for the ballet", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19333623", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal\"\nbiblical themes were very popular. Two friends, Sam Larson and Joseph Breen Jnr, became interested in the cinematic possibilities of the famous parable. Larson had muscular dystrophy and thought the story had resonance to the problems of young people today; he was also interested in setting of Damascus and Joppa in 70 BC, which had been rarely seen on screen. Larson and Breen wrote a 60-page treatment together. They took it to Dore Schary, head of production at MGM, who was interested. He assigned Charles Schnee to produce and Maurice Zimm to write a script. The film was originally to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "85915", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Giorgio de Chirico)\"\nThe Prodigal Son (Giorgio de Chirico) The Prodigal Son (Italian: Il figliol prodigo) is a painting by the Greek-born Italian artist Giorgio de Chirico. It is painted in tempera on canvas and was completed in 1922 as de Chirico was in transition from the Metaphysical style of his earlier works to the neoclassicism he essayed in the 1920s. The biblical subject matter is interpreted by de Chirico as a stone effigy of a father placing his hand on the shoulder of a mannequin representing the son. The dimensions of the painting are 87 by 59 centimeters. It is housed at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7409696", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (ballet)\"\nThe Prodigal Son (ballet) The Prodigal Son, or Le Fils prodigue, Op. 46 () is a ballet created for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes by George Balanchine to music by Sergei Prokofiev (1928–29). The libretto, based on the parable in the Gospel of Luke, was by Boris Kochno, who added a good deal of drama and emphasized the theme of sin and redemption ending with the Prodigal Son's return. Susan Au writes in \"\"Ballet and Modern Dance\"\" that the ballet was the last of the Diaghilev era, choreographed the year the great impresario died. She continues: \"\"Adapted from the biblical story, it", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8602912", "chunk_text": "\"Tears of the Prodigal Son\"\ncan be understood as one big antithesis. Also, it's marked by the prevalent allegory, for the plot on the relationship between the father and the son can be transferred to the relationship of a man and God. Tears of the Prodigal Son The Tears of the Prodigal Son () is a poem written by the Croatian Baroque poet Ivan Gundulić. It was originally published in Venice in 1622. The poem is composed of three laments (cries) (\"\"plač\"\"): the Sin (\"\"Sagriješenje\"\"), the Comprehension (\"\"Spoznanje\"\") and the Humility (\"\"Skrušenje\"\"), presenting the three basic categories of Christianity — sin, repentance and redemption —", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12521060", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Giorgio de Chirico)\"\nMuseo del Novecento, Milan, Italy. The Prodigal Son (Giorgio de Chirico) The Prodigal Son (Italian: Il figliol prodigo) is a painting by the Greek-born Italian artist Giorgio de Chirico. It is painted in tempera on canvas and was completed in 1922 as de Chirico was in transition from the Metaphysical style of his earlier works to the neoclassicism he essayed in the 1920s. The biblical subject matter is interpreted by de Chirico as a stone effigy of a father placing his hand on the shoulder of a mannequin representing the son. The dimensions of the painting are 87 by 59", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20798299", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (play)\"\nHe intentionally solicited the betrayal himself in order to fulfill the Messianic prophecies, through which he wanted to apprehend what he considered his birthright: the throne of King Herod. Zapffe thought Jesus was fully convinced he was the only living son of Herod Antipas, hence his only heir (except for Salomé). Judas is a central character in the play, being Jesus' closest friend from childhood. The play has never been produced because of its extensive requirements, including entire cities with massive buildings and numerous extras. In the foreword, Zapffe explains that the dramatic character of the material he gathered made", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3540650", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\nthe pigs, and the return – of the Prodigal Son became the clear favourite. Albrecht Dürer made a famous engraving of the Prodigal Son amongst the pigs (1496), a popular subject in the Northern Renaissance. Rembrandt depicted several scenes from the parable, especially the final episode, which he etched, drew, or painted on several occasions during his career. At least one of his works, \"\"The Prodigal Son in the Tavern\"\", a portrait of himself as the Son, revelling with his wife, is like many artists' depictions, a way of dignifying a genre tavern scene – if the title was indeed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13498014", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\na common origin. However, an influence of the biblical story on the Lotus sutra is regarded as unlikely given the early dating of the stratum of the sutra containing the Buddhist parable. In spite of their similarities, both parables continue differently after the two meet for the first time at the son's return. In the biblical story, there is an immediate reunion of the two. In contrast, in the Lotus sutra, the poor son does not recognize the rich man as his father. When the father sends out some attendants to welcome the son, the son panics, fearing some kind", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5446341", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son in the Brothel\"\nThe Prodigal Son in the Brothel The Prodigal Son in the Brothel or The Prodigal Son in the Tavern or Rembrandt and Saskia in the parable of the prodigal son () is a painting by the Dutch master Rembrandt. It is housed in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister of Dresden, Germany. It is signed \"\"REMBRANDT F.\"\". It portrays two people who had been identified as Rembrandt himself and his wife Saskia. In the Protestant contemporary world, the theme of the prodigal son was a frequent subject for works of art due to its moral background. Rembrandt himself painted a \"\"Return of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5446342", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son in the Brothel\"\nthe Prodigal Son\"\" in 1669. The left side of the canvas was cut, perhaps by the artist himself, to remove secondary characters and focus the observer's attention on the main theme. The pigment analysis shows Rembrandt's choice of the usual baroque pigments such as red ochre, lead-tin-yellow, madder lake and smalt and also his elaborate multilayer painting technique. The Prodigal Son in the Brothel The Prodigal Son in the Brothel or The Prodigal Son in the Tavern or Rembrandt and Saskia in the parable of the prodigal son () is a painting by the Dutch master Rembrandt. It is housed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7268265", "chunk_text": "\"The London Prodigal\"\nhis son for his new resolutions. The London Prodigal The London Prodigal is a play in English Renaissance theatre, a city comedy set in London, in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways. The play was published in quarto in 1605 by the stationer Nathaniel Butter, and printed by Thomas Creede. In 1664 it was one of the seven plays that publisher Philip Chetwinde added to the second impression of his Third Folio of Shakespeare's plays. The play was not entered into the Stationers' Register, but it is attributed to William Shakespeare on the title page of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10914811", "chunk_text": "\"The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)\"\nProdigal Son\"\", he had lived a life in which neither the lostness of the younger son nor the lostness of the elder son was alien to him. Both needed healing and forgiveness. Both needed to come home. Both needed the embrace of a forgiving father. But from the story itself, as well as from Rembrandt's painting, it is clear that the hardest conversion to go through is the conversion of the one who stayed home. The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt) The Return of the Prodigal Son is an oil painting by Rembrandt. It is among the Dutch master's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10914804", "chunk_text": "\"The Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)\"\nThe Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt) The Return of the Prodigal Son is an oil painting by Rembrandt. It is among the Dutch master's final works, likely completed within two years of his death in 1669. Depicting the moment of the prodigal son's return to his father in the Biblical parable, it is a renowned work described by art historian Kenneth Clark as \"\"a picture which those who have seen the original in St. Petersburg may be forgiven for claiming as the greatest picture ever painted\"\". In the painting, the son has returned home in a wretched state from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3540643", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\nson could not wait for his father's death for his inheritance, he wanted it immediately. The father agrees and divides his estate between both sons. Upon receiving his portion of the inheritance, the younger son travels to a distant country and wastes all his money in extravagant living. Immediately thereafter, a famine strikes the land; he becomes desperately poor and is forced to take work as a swineherd. (This, too, would have been abhorrent to Jesus' Jewish audience, who considered swine unclean animals.) When he reaches the point of envying the food of the pigs he is watching, he finally", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3540642", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\nLost Coin. In Revised Common Lectionary and Latin Rite Catholic Lectionary, this parable is read on the fourth Sunday of Lent (in Year C); in the latter it is also included in the long form of the Gospel on the 24th Sunday of Ordinary Time in Year C, along with the preceding two parables of the cycle. In the Eastern Orthodox Church it is read on the \"\"Sunday of the Prodigal Son\"\". The parable begins with a young man, the younger of two sons, who asks his father to give him his share of the estate. The implication is the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7268261", "chunk_text": "\"The London Prodigal\"\nThe London Prodigal The London Prodigal is a play in English Renaissance theatre, a city comedy set in London, in which a prodigal son learns the error of his ways. The play was published in quarto in 1605 by the stationer Nathaniel Butter, and printed by Thomas Creede. In 1664 it was one of the seven plays that publisher Philip Chetwinde added to the second impression of his Third Folio of Shakespeare's plays. The play was not entered into the Stationers' Register, but it is attributed to William Shakespeare on the title page of the only edition. This attribution is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8109928", "chunk_text": "\"Christoffel Jacobsz van der Laemen\"\nthe prodigal son. Of the known versions, one was sold at Christie's Amsterdam on 14 November 2007, lot 207, a second was sold at Christie's New York on 5 October 1995, lot 127 and a third one at Sotheby's London on 12 February 2008, lot 135. There is also a in the Louvre. The various versions combine two of the key episodes from the story as told in the New Testament. In the background on the right is depicted the fate of the dissolute prodigal son after he had squandered all his money and had fallen on hard times. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12723695", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Trilogy\"\ngiven his elder (and more upright in standing) son a party. Act III gives us the father's perspective on the whole situation. He speaks of how, deeply saddened by his younger son's actions, he did the only thing a parent could do in a situation like this – he prayed, and continued loving. When his son finally came home, he joyfully accepted him back into the family with his complete heart. The only thing that saddens him still is that his older son, though doing all the right things outwardly, is more lost than the younger son ever was, because", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3540644", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\ncomes to his senses: The son does not even have time to finish his rehearsed speech, since the father calls for his servants to dress him in a fine robe, a ring, and sandals, and slaughter the \"\"fattened calf\"\" for a celebratory meal. The older son, who was at work in the fields, hears the sound of celebration, and is told about the return of his younger brother. He is not impressed, and becomes angry. He also has a speech for his father: The parable concludes with the father explaining that because the younger son had returned, in a sense,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16131398", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Britten)\"\nto indulge his \"\"most secret longings\"\". The younger son asks his father for his inheritance, which the father grants. The younger son makes his way to the city. There, he is deprived of his fortune and left penniless. The younger son then returns home and asks his father's forgiveness. His father receives his younger son with rejoicing, but the elder son is initially angry at his father's reaction, after he himself has loyally worked the fields. The father rebukes his elder son, and asks him to be reconciled to his younger brother, who has returned to restore the family. Britten", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12723694", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Trilogy\"\naway and spent himself on every pleasure he could think of. When his money was spent and his pleasure all gone, he tells of how he went back home to his father, and how his father accepted him back into the family. The second act contains the story of the older brother, who tells of his own righteousness and his disgust at what his younger brother did. When his brother returned home, he watched in horror at how his father welcomed back his son, going so far as to even throw a party for him, even though he had never", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12098304", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)\"\nwhich the elder son questions the mercy shown to the prodigal son. In his preface to the work, Sullivan justifies this on the grounds that the episode has no dramatic connection with the story. Instead, Sullivan focuses his libretto on the story of the son and his father, leading to the dramatic reconciliation between the two. His preface states his concept of the title character: The first performance of the piece was a great success and featured soloists Thérèse Tietjens, Zelia Trebelli, Sims Reeves and Charles Santley; Sullivan conducted. After the premiere, an additional performance was scheduled for 18 December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4959058", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Britten)\"\nand Viola Tunnard directed the first recording of the work, for the Decca label (original listing, Decca SET 438) with the premiere's cast and players. The full cast of singers is: Notes Sources The Prodigal Son (Britten) The Prodigal Son is an opera by Benjamin Britten with a libretto by William Plomer. Based on the Biblical story of the Prodigal Son, this was Britten's third \"\"parable for church performance\"\", after \"\"Curlew River\"\" and \"\"The Burning Fiery Furnace\"\". Britten dedicated the score to Dmitri Shostakovich. The first performance took place on 10 June 1968 in St Bartholomew's Church, Orford, Suffolk. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2394170", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (1923 film)\"\nThe Prodigal Son (1923 film) The Prodigal Son is a 1923 British silent historical film directed by A. E. Coleby and starring Stewart Rome, Henry Victor and Edith Bishop. The film is an adaptation of a 1904 Hall Caine novel \"\"The Prodigal Son\"\", set in Iceland and the French Riviera. It was noted as a long film, reported variously at three or over four hours. Denis Gifford reports the film's original release length as 18,454 feet, and that it was shown in two consecutive parts, the second part being entitled \"\"The Return of the Prodigal\"\". It was shot on location", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3540647", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\nupon their perfection, but their willingness to return to Him with a broken heart and a contrite spirit. The Eastern Orthodox Church traditionally reads this story on the Sunday of the Prodigal Son, which in their liturgical year is the Sunday before Meatfare Sunday and about two weeks before the beginning of Great Lent. One common \"\"kontakion\"\" hymn of the occasion reads, <poem>I have recklessly forgotten Your glory, O Father; And among sinners I have scattered the riches which You gave to me. And now I cry to You as the Prodigal:I have sinned before You, O merciful Father; Receive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7409699", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (ballet)\"\nof the same name). Mikhail Baryshnikov danced it with City Ballet in 1979 and Damian Woetzel danced it at his farewell performance on Wednesday, 18 June 2008. The Prodigal Son (ballet) The Prodigal Son, or Le Fils prodigue, Op. 46 () is a ballet created for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes by George Balanchine to music by Sergei Prokofiev (1928–29). The libretto, based on the parable in the Gospel of Luke, was by Boris Kochno, who added a good deal of drama and emphasized the theme of sin and redemption ending with the Prodigal Son's return. Susan Au writes in \"\"Ballet and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3540652", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\nwritten by Sergei Prokofiev, a 1957 ballet by Hugo Alfvén, and an 1968 opera by Benjamin Britten. Many of these adaptations added to the Biblical material to lengthen the story; for example, the 1955 film \"\"The Prodigal\"\" took considerable liberties, such as adding a temptress priestess of Astarte to the tale. The parable is referenced in the last verse of the traditional Irish folk tune \"\"The Wild Rover\"\" (\"\"I'll go home to me parents, confess what I've done / and I'll ask them to pardon their prodigal son\"\"). Oblique adaptations include that by the Reverend Robert Wilkins, who told the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "368166", "chunk_text": "\"Luke 15\"\nalso known as \"\"Two Sons\"\", \"\"Lost Son\"\", \"\"The Running Father\"\" and \"\"The Loving Father\"\" is one of the parables of Jesus that appears in only one of the Canonical gospels of the New Testament, namely the Gospel of Luke. It recounts about a father who gives the younger of his two sons his inheritance before he dies. The younger son, after wasting his fortune (the word 'prodigal' means 'wastefully extravagant'), goes hungry during a famine. He then repents and returns home with the intention of begging to be employed and renouncing his kinship to his father. Regardless, the father immediately", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12098303", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal Son (Sullivan)\"\nwith orchestra were a staple of British musical culture, including oratorios in the mould of Handel and Mendelssohn. Except for theatre pieces, choral works were the only genre in which Sullivan continued to compose regularly after the early 1870s. Sullivan chose his own text for \"\"The Prodigal Son\"\" from the gospel of St. Luke and other appropriate books of the bible. Sullivan composed the music in about three weeks. Rachel Scott Russell, a woman with whom Sullivan was having an affair at the time, copied the music. Sullivan does not change the story much, but he omits the episode in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19333622", "chunk_text": "\"The Prodigal\"\naddition of a female lead in the form of the high priestess of Astarte, Samarra. Micah (Edmund Purdom), a young Hebrew farm boy, sees Samarra (Lana Turner) and says he will have her. He demands that his father give him his inheritance and journeys to the city of Damascus. There Samarra seduces him into losing his inheritance and betraying his religious faith. Enduring a number of difficulties, Micah finally realizes where he belongs and returns home to his father, who forgives Micah all of his sins and orders a lavish celebration of his return. In the early 1950s films with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19204477", "chunk_text": "Legend\nthat exceed the boundaries of \"\"realism\"\" are called \"\"fables\"\". For example, the talking animal formula of Aesop identifies his brief stories as fables, not legends. The parable of the Prodigal Son would be a legend if it were told as having actually happened to a specific son of a historical father. If it included a donkey that gave sage advice to the Prodigal Son it would be a fable. Legend may be transmitted orally, passed on person-to-person, or, in the original sense, through written text. Jacob de Voragine's \"\"Legenda Aurea\"\" or \"\"The Golden Legend\"\" comprises a series of \"\"vitae\"\" or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16243782", "chunk_text": "\"Prodigal Son (musician)\"\nProdigal Son (musician) Calvin Curtis Whilby (born 1976), better known as Prodigal Son, is a Jamaican Gospel singer. Whilby was born in St. Catherine in 1976. He was raised by his grandmother. Following his grandmother’s death he moved to Kingston and settled in the notorious Rema district where he was drawn into the gang violence that plagued the area. He returned to the fold when he was invited to attend a church service and inspired by the biblical parable he became known as the Prodigal Son. Although he had no previous secular experience in music, he soon realized he was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13498013", "chunk_text": "\"Parable of the Prodigal Son\"\nrole in Anne Tyler's novel A Spool of Blue Thread. The Prodigal Son was also referred to in the play \"\"The Merchant Of Venice\"\" as well as \"\"As You Like It\"\", pastoral comedies by William Shakespeare. The Prodigal Son is also mentioned in Shakespeare's romance, \"\"The Winter's Tale\"\" (Act 4, Scene 4 line 89). A similar parable of a lost son can also be found in the Mahayana Buddhist Lotus Sutra. The two parables are so similar in their outline and many details that several scholars have assumed that one version has influenced the other or that both texts share", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2191916", "chunk_text": "\"Master of the Prodigal Son\"\nMaster of the Prodigal Son The Master of the Prodigal Son, also \"\"Monogrammist LK\"\", \"\"Leonart Kroes\"\", \"\"Pseudo-Lombard\"\" or \"\"Master of Tobias\"\" (c.1530 – c.1560), was an Early Netherlandish painter. He was born in Antwerp and is considered to have run a workshop there with several pupils. His name is derived from a painting in Vienna. He is known for landscapes and religious works, and possibly travelled to Rome. Though a monogram of \"\"LK\"\" was discovered in one of his paintings, to conclude that this person was the \"\"Leonart Kroes\"\" mentioned as teacher in Karel van Mander's biography of Gillis van", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3284	who sings the theme song to all that?	n/a	[ "TLC" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18386878", "chunk_text": "\"All That (song)\"\nAll That (song) \"\"All That\"\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"\"Emotion\"\" (2015), included as its fifth track. It was written by Jepsen, Ariel Rechtshaid and Dev Hynes, with the latter two also handling production. Upon its release, \"\"All That\"\" was praised for the 1980s influence in the song. Jepsen debuted the song at \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" on 4 April 2015 and it became available to digital retailers the next day on 5 April 2015, as the record's first promotional single. Jepsen began combing through Dev Hynes' discography after becoming infatuated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10554477", "chunk_text": "\"All That\"\nThat\"\" dialogues from the show, and songs sung by musical guests (i.e. Faith Evans, Coolio, Brandy, Naughty By Nature, etc.). \"\"All That\"\"s theme opening and outro theme were finally released on this CD. Music from the CD is mainly inspired from the show. On October 1, 1998, Nickelodeon released a 112-page book of \"\"All That\"\" called \"\"\"\" by Steve Holland. The book contains information of the show's sketches, cast members and notable points of the show. It also contains different character information as well. On June 30, 2000, Nickelodeon gave \"\"All That\"\" a promotional summer tour titled \"\"All That Music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "261640", "chunk_text": "\"All That\"\nAll That All That is an American live-action, sketch comedy-variety show created by Dan Schneider, Brian Robbins and Mike Tollin, which originally aired on the Nickelodeon cable television network from April 16, 1994, to October 22, 2005, lasting ten seasons. The series was produced by Tollin/Robbins Productions (later Schneider's Bakery during the final season). The pilot episode was originally shown as a special \"\"sneak peek\"\", with the show officially debuting a regular series on December 24, 1994. The series features original short comedic sketches and weekly musical guests aimed toward a younger audience. The show's sketches parody contemporary culture and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10554483", "chunk_text": "\"All That\"\nand 7:00 pm and the musical performances edited out. The show currently airs in reruns on Monday and Saturday nights on The Splat. All That All That is an American live-action, sketch comedy-variety show created by Dan Schneider, Brian Robbins and Mike Tollin, which originally aired on the Nickelodeon cable television network from April 16, 1994, to October 22, 2005, lasting ten seasons. The series was produced by Tollin/Robbins Productions (later Schneider's Bakery during the final season). The pilot episode was originally shown as a special \"\"sneak peek\"\", with the show officially debuting a regular series on December 24, 1994.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7689146", "chunk_text": "\"TLC (group)\"\nBy this time, Pebbles had separated from her husband. TLC also bought the rights to the name TLC, which was previously owned by Pebbles. TLC recorded the theme song to Nickelodeon's popular sketch comedy \"\"All That\"\" which was produced and co-written by Arnold Hennings which ran for ten seasons. The group appeared on the soundtrack album of the Forest Whitaker's 1995 film \"\"Waiting to Exhale\"\" with \"\"This Is How It Works\"\" (a song written by Babyface and Lopes) and was set to re-enter the recording studio the following year after signing a new contract with LaFace and with distribution handled", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "261657", "chunk_text": "\"All That\"\nthe cast members. The winner was Christina Kirkman who joined the show in the ninth season opener. In 2005, Nickelodeon celebrated the 10th anniversary of \"\"All That\"\" by airing episodes from the first six seasons in the week leading up to a \"\"reunion special\"\" hosted by Frankie Muniz on April 23. Ashanti and Bow Wow were the musical guests. Chelsea Brummet, Nick Cannon, Ryan Coleman, Jack DeSena, Lisa Foiles, Leon Frierson, Katrina Johnson, Christina Kirkman, Christy Knowings, Kel Mitchell, Alisa Reyes, Giovonnie Samuels, Mark Saul, Amanda Bynes, Josh Server, Jamie Lynn Spears, Kyle Sullivan, Danny Tamberelli, and Kenan Thompson, along", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6838870", "chunk_text": "\"All That (season 10)\"\nby 6.2 million viewers. \"\"The Reunion Special\"\" was a one-hour event, including commercials. The special had many guest stars and crossover sketches with characters from Seasons 1-6 to Seasons 7-9. Characters from the original era include Principle Pimpell, Coach Kreeton, Detective Dan, Fat Cop, and Good Burger. From the relaunch include Sugar and Coffee, Randy Quench, and Trash 'n Fashion. Bow Wow sings the \"\"All That\"\" theme song featuring Lisa Foiles, Chelsea Brummet, and Kianna Underwood, which becomes the final segment during the Reunion. Thus, the cast members declare the special over after concluding with the Seasons 7-10 sign-off: \"\"That's...", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11936776", "chunk_text": "\"All That: The Album\"\nAll That: The Album All That: The Album is the soundtrack of musical performances and sketch clips from the hit Nickelodeon television series \"\"All That\"\". The album was created and recorded in 1994-1996. The songs were from musical guest in Seasons 1 (1994-1995) through Season 2 (1995-1996). The dialogues were directly from All That sketches like Good Burger, Vital Information, and Superdude. This CD was not released till a week after the premiere of Season 3, so Amanda Bynes is not in the CD, nor is Angelique Bates, due to her small number of characters in the show, but she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3254686", "chunk_text": "\"All That (album)\"\nAll That (album) All That (stylized as \"\"All That\"\") is an independent album by LeAnn Rimes under the label Nor Va Jak. Released exclusively in July 1994, the album did not do well on the market but a copy was given to Curb Records owner, Mike Curb, who later signed Rimes to his label and recorded her debut album, \"\"Blue\"\" (1996). \"\"All That\"\" contains the original recording of \"\"Blue\"\". Many songs on the album were later released on Rimes' compilation album, \"\"\"\" (1997). \"\"All That\"\" consists of songs that Rimes performed during her concerts prior to her contract with Curb", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4056198", "chunk_text": "\"Jill Andrews\"\nis the theme song for \"\"Wynonna Earp\"\"; \"\"Lost It All\"\", cowritten with Matthew Bronleewe, was included in \"\"Teen Wolf\"\" and \"\"The Originals\"\"; and \"\"Rust or Gold\"\", cowritten with Elise Hayes, in \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and \"\"Beauty & the Beast\"\". \"\"Rust or Gold\"\" was released as a single concurrent with its debut on \"\"Grey's Anatomy\"\" and within two days ranked in the top ten of iTunes' Singer/Songwriter chart. Jill Andrew’s music career began in 2004 when she co-founded the alt-country group The Everybodyfields. In October 2009, only four months after The Everybodyfields break-up was announced, Andrews put together a new band and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2918838", "chunk_text": "\"All Things (Just Keep Getting Better)\"\nAll Things (Just Keep Getting Better) \"\"All Things (Just Keep Getting Better)\"\" is a 2003 song composed by Widelife with Simone Denny on vocals. It was the theme song for the television series, \"\"Queer Eye for the Straight Guy\"\". \"\"All Things\"\" was the lead single for the \"\"Queer Eye\"\" soundtrack. Widelife also performed this single on \"\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\"\". The song was featured in an episode of \"\"South Park\"\". In 2005, Widelife won the Juno Award for Dance Recording of the Year for the single \"\"All Things.\"\" In 2018, a remixed version by Betty Who was released", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13653286", "chunk_text": "\"The Best of Everything (TV series)\"\nclosing credits used a video shot of sea gulls in flight over New York Harbor. Nashville artist Connie Eaton recorded a version of the series' instrumental theme, using lyrics which she sang on an episode telecast near the end of the program's network run. The single was released in 1970 by the Chart label. Both the theme song's melody and lyrics were composed by headwriter James Lipton. The 1969-70 season was the zenith of the soap opera format in the United States, as a record 19 soaps crowded the three major networks. Unfortunately, \"\"The Best of Everything\"\" was the worst", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7101787", "chunk_text": "\"All That (song)\"\nwas brought in for additional work. Jepsen served as musical guest during an episode of \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\" on 4 April 2015, and performed \"\"I Really Like You\"\" and \"\"All That\"\". \"\"Pitchfork Media\"\" awarded \"\"All That\"\" their \"\"Best New Track\"\" feature, calling the song's conclusion a \"\"tour de force climax\"\". They add that the chorus has \"\"innocence set against its absence\"\" and makes \"\"finding a friend feels like a profound step beyond becoming lovers\"\". All That (song) \"\"All That\"\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"\"Emotion\"\" (2015), included as its fifth", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9475787", "chunk_text": "\"All of This\"\nAll of This \"\"All of This\"\" is a song by American rock band Blink-182 from the band's fifth studio album, \"\"Blink-182\"\" (2003). The song is a collaboration with musician Robert Smith, frontman of the English rock band The Cure. Lyrically, the song is inspired by a story from producer Jerry Finn's adolescence, in which he was humiliated by a girl he had fallen in love with. The song was frequently cited as a highlight on the album and received positive reviews. \"\"All of This\"\" was briefly considered to be the album's fifth single, but the idea was shelved when the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3746172", "chunk_text": "\"Everything (Fefe Dobson song)\"\nEverything (Fefe Dobson song) \"\"Everything\"\" was the third single released from Fefe Dobson's self-titled debut album. Dobson made many appearances on MTV's \"\"TRL\"\" to promote the single, including a performance. Dobson also promoted the album on other TV shows, including \"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\"\", \"\"The Sharon Osbourne Show,\"\" \"\"All That\"\", and \"\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\"\". \"\"Everything\"\" is featured in the film \"\"The Perfect Score\"\" and appears on its soundtrack. There are many incarnations of the single release with varying tracks and cover art. The song's music video stars some of the actors—and includes scenes from—the film \"\"The Perfect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18302256", "chunk_text": "\"All Saints (TV series)\"\nclosure of Ward 17 and Bron & Ben's wedding, all to The Beatles song, \"\"In My Life\"\". The final scene sees Frank raise his glass at Von, who raises hers and smiles. The first opening theme song for \"\"All Saints\"\" began with several deep breaths and then went into a tune played by a saxophone. The melody bears a striking similarity to \"\"Fly By Night\"\", the first track on Jethro Tull frontman Ian Anderson's 1983 debut album \"\"Walk Into Light\"\". This played over the top of several shots of the cast members. Actors names were in the font Zurich Extra", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15849253", "chunk_text": "\"That's All (Genesis song)\"\nThat's All (Genesis song) \"\"That's All\"\" is a song by English rock band Genesis. It is a group composition and appears as the second track on their 1983 album \"\"Genesis\"\". It was the album's second single after \"\"Mama\"\". The U.S. single reached No. 6 in early 1984, making it their first \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 Top 10 hit; it included \"\"Second Home by the Sea\"\" as the B-side. The UK single featured \"\"Taking It All Too Hard\"\" as the flipside, and reached No. 16. Also released was a 12' single that included a live version of \"\"Firth of Fifth\"\" from 1981.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10056984", "chunk_text": "\"All That Jazz (song)\"\nAll That Jazz (song) \"\"All That Jazz\"\" (alternatively \"\"And All That Jazz\"\") is a song from the 1975 musical \"\"Chicago\"\". It has music by John Kander and lyrics by Fred Ebb, and is the opening song of the musical. The title of the 1979 film, starring Roy Scheider as a character strongly resembling choreographer/stage and film director Bob Fosse, is derived from the song. Opus, Book 3 by Rob Blythe notes the song uses the 7th chord to create a unique musical effect. \"\"Popular Culture: Introductory Perspectives\"\" postulated that the song encapsulated the \"\"importance of jazz in the constitution of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7924737", "chunk_text": "\"All or Nothing (KT Tunstall song)\"\nAll or Nothing (KT Tunstall song) \"\"All or Nothing\"\" is a song by Scottish recording artist KT Tunstall. It was released as part of her \"\"Golden State EP\"\" along with the songs \"\"Evil Eye\"\", \"\"The Healer\"\", and a remix of \"\"Evil Eye\"\". It was released digitally through iTunes on 16 June 2016. The song was produced by Tony Hoffer. A music video was released on 29 June 2016 on her Vevo page. The song has been fairly prominent in France because Tunstall had written it for the French TV Show \"\"Sam\"\", starring Mathilde Seigner. \"\"All or Nothing\"\" is the theme", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3746173", "chunk_text": "\"Everything (Fefe Dobson song)\"\nScore.\"\" Director: Chris Robinson Producer: Dawn Rose Everything (Fefe Dobson song) \"\"Everything\"\" was the third single released from Fefe Dobson's self-titled debut album. Dobson made many appearances on MTV's \"\"TRL\"\" to promote the single, including a performance. Dobson also promoted the album on other TV shows, including \"\"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\"\", \"\"The Sharon Osbourne Show,\"\" \"\"All That\"\", and \"\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\"\". \"\"Everything\"\" is featured in the film \"\"The Perfect Score\"\" and appears on its soundtrack. There are many incarnations of the single release with varying tracks and cover art. The song's music video stars some of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17382013", "chunk_text": "\"Everything Is Awesome\"\nEverything Is Awesome \"\"Everything Is Awesome\"\" is the theme song to the 2014 Warner Bros. Pictures film \"\"The Lego Movie\"\". It was written by Shawn Patterson, Jo Li, and The Lonely Island. The single and pop version featured in the end credits of the movie was produced by Mark Mothersbaugh and performed by Tegan and Sara in collaboration with The Lonely Island. The version of \"\"Everything Is Awesome\"\" featured in \"\"The Lego Movie\"\" scene, official trailer, TV spots, video game, and featurette was produced by Bartholomew and performed by Bartholomew and Lisa Harriton under the name Jo Li. A third", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5886877", "chunk_text": "\"Leon Frierson\"\nby other members including Michael Rios aka \"\"Marvel The GR8\"\" and Courtney Linsey aka \"\"V.i.Be Eazy\"\". They recently released a new mixtape hosted by Mick Boogie called \"\"For Promotional Use Only\"\". In 2014, Frierson is due to put out new music material as a solo artist under the name \"\"Leeboy\"\". Frierson also attended Howard University. Leon Frierson Leon Curtis Frierson (born July 6, 1986) is an American actor, rapper, songwriter, and comedian, best known for his work on the Nickelodeon comedy show \"\"All That\"\". In 1997, Leon Frierson, Christy Knowings, and Danny Tamberelli joined the cast of \"\"All That\"\" to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17382017", "chunk_text": "\"Everything Is Awesome\"\nof which was incorporated into the \"\"Everything Is Awesome\"\" performance). According to \"\"LEGO Movie\"\" co-director Christopher Miller, for this on-stage appearance, Arnett wore the Batman costume originally worn by Val Kilmer in the 1995 film \"\"Batman Forever\"\". Arnett also lip-synced to the song on the Reality TV Show \"\"Lip Sync Battle\"\", while dressed as Emmet, the character voiced by Chris Pratt in \"\"The Lego Movie\"\". Everything Is Awesome \"\"Everything Is Awesome\"\" is the theme song to the 2014 Warner Bros. Pictures film \"\"The Lego Movie\"\". It was written by Shawn Patterson, Jo Li, and The Lonely Island. The single and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "102213", "chunk_text": "\"Ryan Coleman\"\nStockton, California in 2009 and he's working on his music and comedy acts. Ryan Coleman was in a band called Monomaniac from 2012 to 2015 in which he worked with acts such as MGK, Kehlani, Post Mahlone, Raekwon, KYLE, Towkio and many more. He has a solo album set to be released in early 2016 co-produced with Brook D'leau and Thomas Drayton. Ryan Coleman Ryan Coleman (born January 14, 1991) is an American actor, producer, singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer, multi-instrumentalist and comedian from the Nickelodeon series \"\"All That\"\". He was originally a runner up in \"\"R U All That?\"\" only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "261641", "chunk_text": "\"All That\"\nare performed by a large and varying cast of child and teen actors. Early episodes were taped at Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Orlando Resort, but then moved to Hollywood at the Nickelodeon on Sunset theatre (formerly the Earl Carrol Theatre), where other Nickelodeon shows such as \"\"The Amanda Show\"\", \"\"Kenan & Kel\"\", and \"\"Drake & Josh\"\" were filmed. In 2000, after six seasons the show was put on hiatus to be retooled and was relaunched in early 2002 with a completely new cast. Four more seasons were produced before the show was ultimately cancelled. On April 23, 2005, Nickelodeon celebrated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10053052", "chunk_text": "\"Bob Haymes\"\nBob Haymes Robert William Haymes (March 29, 1923 – January 27, 1989), also known by the stage names Robert Stanton and Bob Stanton, was an American singer, songwriter, actor and radio and television host. He is best remembered for co-writing the song \"\"That's All\"\", part of the Great American Songbook. He was the younger brother of singer and actor Dick Haymes. Haymes was born in White Plains, New York. His mother was Marguerite Wilson, an American of Irish descent. Benjamin Haymes, from Buenos Aires, Argentina was of English descent and is listed as Bob's father on his birth certificate. Bob's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7838645", "chunk_text": "\"Allroy Sez\"\nAllroy Sez Allroy Sez is the debut album by the American punk rock band All, released in March 1988 through Cruz Records. Following the departure of singer Milo Aukerman from the Descendents, the remaining members—bassist Karl Alvarez, guitarist Stephen Egerton, and drummer Bill Stevenson—recruited singer Dave Smalley and changed the name of the band to All, which was both the title of the Descendents' 1987 album and a philosophical concept invented by Stevenson and friend Pat McCuistion in 1980. \"\"Allroy Sez\"\" introduced the character of Allroy, who would serve as a mascot for the band and be featured on many", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11594686", "chunk_text": "\"Anything but Love\"\nperformed by J.D. Souther. The original opening sequence featured time-lapsed stills of Lewis and Curtis outdoors as the two \"\"bonded\"\". Beginning in the second season and onward, the theme song was now instrumental during the title sequence, featuring an acoustic guitar and piano prominence on a synth base, and a higher pitch. The visuals were redesigned to feature still photos of Lewis and Curtis in a series of different poses, separately and together, with professional photo backgrounds behind them. These photos appeared in moving strips that traveled in all sorts of directions along a greenish-blue, textured wall. The title and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20906961", "chunk_text": "\"Lindsay Pagano\"\nLindsay Pagano Lindsay Megan Pagano (born June 22, 1986) is an American singer who until 2003 was signed to Warner Brothers Records. She toured with Dream Street and Aaron Carter for several months. She also performed for the governor of California along with The Eagles and The Backstreet Boys. She is mostly known for her 2001 song \"\"Everything U R\"\", which was originally on an AOL commercial before being the theme song for the WB show \"\"Maybe It's Me\"\". She was signed to represent Reebok. Pagano stated in a 2004 interview with \"\"Vainquer Teens Magazine\"\" that she was in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8618694", "chunk_text": "\"All That (season 1)\"\n\"\"All That\"\" logo on it. The cast jumps on unseen trampolines. The intro starts off with the announcer saying, \"\"Not quite live, but ready for prime time. Get Ready, get set, it's \"\"All That\"\".\"\" After that the \"\"All That\"\" theme song begins. It starts off with Johnson holding a sign of the word, \"\"Oh\"\". Then two people are shown playing racket ball in the alleyway. Then the cast is shown, with their names shown in bright red. Their first and last names are separated by the series' logo. The musical guest is shown after Thompson, the intro ends with a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12317058", "chunk_text": "\"All I Want (Toad the Wet Sprocket song)\"\nAll I Want (Toad the Wet Sprocket song) \"\"All I Want\"\" is a 1992 song by alternative rock band Toad the Wet Sprocket from their successful 1991 album \"\"Fear\"\". The song was featured in the TV series \"\"Doogie Howser, M.D.\"\", \"\"Dawson's Creek\"\", \"\"Reunion\"\" and \"\"Homeland\"\". In 2005, the song was added onto the Nickelodeon soundtrack, \"\"\"\" as the 10th track, along with other songs that were featured in Nickelodeon's \"\"Zoey 101\"\". \"\"All I Want\"\" was Toad the Wet Sprocket's first successful song. It became one of their most well-known songs and reached the top twenty on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5886875", "chunk_text": "\"Leon Frierson\"\nLeon Frierson Leon Curtis Frierson (born July 6, 1986) is an American actor, rapper, songwriter, and comedian, best known for his work on the Nickelodeon comedy show \"\"All That\"\". In 1997, Leon Frierson, Christy Knowings, and Danny Tamberelli joined the cast of \"\"All That\"\" to replace the departing Katrina Johnson and Alisa Reyes. Leon's agent had called him about the job and he auditioned at the Nickelodeon/MTV building in Los Angeles. He did impressions of \"\"an old man, nerds, Jim Carrey and Mike Tyson.\"\" Leon's recurring sketches and/or characters include \"\"Have a Nice Day with Leroy & Fuzz\"\", CJ and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13759985", "chunk_text": "\"Everything (Arashi song)\"\nEverything (Arashi song) \"\"Everything\"\" is a song recorded by Japanese pop boy band Arashi. It was released on July 1, 2009 by their record label J Storm. \"\"Everything\"\" was used as the theme song for the au by KDDI commercials, featuring Arashi as the endorsers. It was released as a CD single in two formats: a regular edition and a limited edition. While both editions comes with the B-side song \"\"Season\"\", the former comes with the instrumental of all the songs, while the latter comes a DVD. The single sold over 340,000 copies in its first week, topping the \"\"Oricon\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16837185", "chunk_text": "\"All of This\"\n\"\"Blink-182\"\", but plans were dropped following the band's declaration of an 'indefinite hiatus' in February 2005. In response to the idea of \"\"All of This\"\" becoming a possible single, DeLonge joked \"\"We would love it because it's a bad-ass song, and The Cure's Robert Smith sings on it, and that makes us cooler than everybody else.\"\" All of This \"\"All of This\"\" is a song by American rock band Blink-182 from the band's fifth studio album, \"\"Blink-182\"\" (2003). The song is a collaboration with musician Robert Smith, frontman of the English rock band The Cure. Lyrically, the song is inspired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10705311", "chunk_text": "\"All discography\"\nAll discography The discography of All, an American punk rock band, consists of nine studio albums, one compilation album, two live albums, one EP, six singles, and five music videos. All formed in Los Angeles in 1987 following the departure of singer Milo Aukerman from the Descendents. The remaining Descendents members—guitarist Stephen Egerton, bassist Karl Alvarez, and drummer Bill Stevenson—decided to carry on as a band, adopting the title of the Descendents' last studio album, \"\"All\"\", as their new name and recruiting singer Dave Smalley. They released the album \"\"Allroy Sez\"\" and EP \"\"Allroy for Prez\"\" in 1988 through Cruz", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2918839", "chunk_text": "\"All Things (Just Keep Getting Better)\"\nas the theme song for season two of the Netflix reboot, \"\"Queer Eye\"\". A music video was released featuring the cast of \"\"Queer Eye\"\", Jonathan Van Ness, Karamo Brown, Antoni Porowski, Bobby Berk, and Tan France. All Things (Just Keep Getting Better) \"\"All Things (Just Keep Getting Better)\"\" is a 2003 song composed by Widelife with Simone Denny on vocals. It was the theme song for the television series, \"\"Queer Eye for the Straight Guy\"\". \"\"All Things\"\" was the lead single for the \"\"Queer Eye\"\" soundtrack. Widelife also performed this single on \"\"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\"\". The song", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17198148", "chunk_text": "\"Melanie Fontana\"\nPBS show, hosted by Katherine Heigl that celebrated the human-animal bond. The series focuses on shelter animal success stories. The theme song, \"\"Love is Everything (Shelter Me),\"\" was written by Austin Bis, Fontana and Daniel Walker, and performed by Fontana. In 2014, she co-wrote the song \"\"Hit Me Up\"\" with Lars Hustoft and Jon Asher for Eurovision Song Contest competitor Charlie Tepstad of Norway. On April 5, 2013, the song \"\"Nothing Really Matters\"\" by tyDi, which Fontana was featured on and was co-written by STIX of Fly Panda, debuted on \"\"Billboard\"\". It reached number 39 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Dance Club", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7400814", "chunk_text": "\"All the Things She Said\"\nresponding since his comments. The song has appeared in multiple television events. It was WWE professional wrestler Victoria's theme song from December 15, 2002 (at WWE's Armageddon pay-per-view, where she debuted it) to May 2004 with the song starting from \"\"[Y]es I lost my mind\"\". Also, the song was played during the final scenes of the \"\"Birds of Prey\"\" series on the WB network, in the 2003 episode \"\"Devil's Eyes\"\". This theme was also featured as the opening song of the Chinese drama, Legend of the Heavenly Stones, as a Chinese language dub. The song was parodied on the Australian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9331931", "chunk_text": "\"Everything (band)\"\nEverything (band) Everything is an alternative rock band from Harrisonburg, Virginia best known for their 1998 hit \"\"Hooch\"\". The band was formed in 1989 by students at James Madison University. Going on the road full-time in '92, they played 200-250 shows a year for nearly the next 10 years, starting in the mid-Atlantic, and then gradually expanding their grass roots fan base until it extended across half of the U.S. The band released its first 3 albums independently, selling almost 30,000 CDs before signing a brief and ill-fated deal with Capricorn Records in 1995. Larger scale success came when they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2230775", "chunk_text": "\"Peter Allen (musician)\"\nfilm \"\"All That Jazz\"\", Allen's live rendition of “Everything Old Is New Again” is danced to by Ann Reinking and Erzebet Foldi for Roy Scheider’s character Joe Gideon based on Bob Fosse. Filmography Peter Allen (musician) Peter Allen (born Peter Richard Woolnough; 10 February 1944 – 18 June 1992) was an Australian-born singer-songwriter, musician and entertainer, known for his flamboyant stage persona and lavish costumes. His songs were made popular by many recording artists, including Elkie Brooks, Melissa Manchester and Olivia Newton-John, with one, \"\"Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)\"\" by Christopher Cross, winning an Academy Award for Best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6826732", "chunk_text": "\"Everything (Alanis Morissette song)\"\nEverything (Alanis Morissette song) \"\"Everything\"\" is a song written and recorded by Canadian singer Alanis Morissette. it was released on April 13, 2004 as the first single from her sixth studio album, \"\"So-Called Chaos\"\". The song reached number three on the Canadian Singles Chart and number six in Italy and Spain. Although it reached only number 76 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, it peaked atop the Adult Alternative Songs chart and climbed to number four on the Adult Top 40. \"\"Everything\"\" also reached the top 20 in Australia, Austria, Norway, and Scotland. The song was featured in the 2006", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19265583", "chunk_text": "\"Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)\"\nCan't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme) \"\"Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)\"\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey. It was released by Columbia Records on June 6, 2000, written by Carey and Diane Warren, and produced by Carey and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis for Carey's seventh studio album \"\"Rainbow\"\" (1999). It was released as the album's third single and a double A-side with \"\"Crybaby\"\". The song is a ballad, blending pop and R&B beats while incorporating its sound from several instruments including the violin, piano and organ. Lyrically, the song speaks of inner strength, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1204811", "chunk_text": "\"All Things to All Men (song)\"\nthe TARDIS, a fictional spacecraft used in the popular science fiction television series \"\"Doctor Who\"\", as well as American singer-songwriter Michael Jackson. The track then tones down in intensity to a piano riff, and eventually finishing with a Harp solo by Welsh musician Rhodri Davies. At just over 11 minutes long at extended length, it is the longest track on the album \"\"Every Day\"\". John Bush of the online music guide service AllMusic describes the track as a \"\"magisterial , spoken-word quasi-autobiography.\"\" Paul Cooper of \"\"Pitchfork\"\" said the song is \"\"contemplative, doubting, restless. For the performance of his career, Roots", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14263588", "chunk_text": "\"One Day at a Time\"\nuntil 1982. From 1982 to 1984, the series was taped at Universal Studios. Like many sitcoms developed by Norman Lear, \"\"One Day at a Time\"\" often tackled serious issues in life and relationships, particularly those related to second-wave feminism. Stories depicting such events as weddings, births, and other important milestones frequently stretched over two-, three-, and four-part episodes. The theme song for \"\"One Day at a Time\"\", \"\"This is It\"\", was composed by Brill Building songwriter Jeff Barry and his wife Nancy Barry, and performed by recording artist Polly Cutter. The opening credits were originally seen over a filmed sequence", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8618693", "chunk_text": "\"All That (season 1)\"\ncast members do something bad to him constantly, exclusively during the cold opens. The first season was broadcast from Orlando, Florida. The show's cold openings featured the cast in a green room and their departure from the room. To resemble \"\"Saturday Night Live\"\", producers added the segment \"\"Vital Information\"\" which would be featured in every episode just like \"\"SNL\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s \"\"Weekend Update\"\" segment. Producers bumped Denberg up to anchor the segment. The theme song for \"\"All That\"\" was performed by TLC. The intro features the entire cast in an alleyway. They are playing games and playing with a sheet with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10016618", "chunk_text": "\"All Kinds of Everything\"\nAll Kinds of Everything \"\"All Kinds of Everything\"\" is a song written by Derry Lindsay and Jackie Smith; as performed by Dana, it won the Eurovision Song Contest 1970. \"\"All Kinds of Everything\"\" represented a return to the ballad form from the more energetic performances which had dominated Eurovision the previous years. Dana sings about all the things which remind her of her sweetheart (such as wishing-wells, wedding bells and an early morning dew) with the admission at the end of every verse that \"\"all kinds of everything remind me of you\"\". The recording by Dana became an international hit.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3556149", "chunk_text": "\"All That! Music and More Festival\"\nAll That! Music and More Festival All That Music and More Festival was a summer festival promotional tour for All That, during June 1999 – August 1999. It was hosted by the season 6 cast of All That, and features musical guest, mostly the ones that were on All That. During every tour location, The cast have performed live sketchs on stage. It was also the first Music Festival for kids. It was headlined by the group 98 Degrees. The tour happened for a second time during the summer of 2000 and was hosted by Kenan Thompson and Nick Cannon.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11936777", "chunk_text": "\"All That: The Album\"\nwas heard briefly in the \"\"Miss Fingerly v. Bacteria\"\" dialogue. After the release of \"\"iCarly\"\" CD, it contained dialogues like The Album, but they were recorded to recap certain episodes from the first season. The \"\"Drake & Josh\"\" soundtrack and \"\"\"\" did not contain any dialogues from their releases. All That: The Album All That: The Album is the soundtrack of musical performances and sketch clips from the hit Nickelodeon television series \"\"All That\"\". The album was created and recorded in 1994-1996. The songs were from musical guest in Seasons 1 (1994-1995) through Season 2 (1995-1996). The dialogues were directly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9331934", "chunk_text": "\"Everything (band)\"\nwhich was not released until 2006. Everything (band) Everything is an alternative rock band from Harrisonburg, Virginia best known for their 1998 hit \"\"Hooch\"\". The band was formed in 1989 by students at James Madison University. Going on the road full-time in '92, they played 200-250 shows a year for nearly the next 10 years, starting in the mid-Atlantic, and then gradually expanding their grass roots fan base until it extended across half of the U.S. The band released its first 3 albums independently, selling almost 30,000 CDs before signing a brief and ill-fated deal with Capricorn Records in 1995.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7113054", "chunk_text": "Lenka\nLenka Lenka Kripac (born 19 March 1978) is an Australian singer and actress best known for her song \"\"The Show\"\", from her self-titled album \"\"Lenka\"\". \"\"The Show\"\" has been used in numerous advertisements, most notably for Old Navy, as well as the Nickelodeon film \"\"Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging\"\" and the 2011 film \"\"Moneyball\"\". Her song \"\"Everything at Once\"\" was used in a Windows 8 television advertisement and in a Disney Movie Rewards commercial. Her fifth studio album, Attune, was released in 2017. The daughter of Czech-born jazz trumpet musician, Jiri Kripac and Australian schoolteacher, Eden, Lenka was raised in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3285	who's playing in the sec championship 2017?	n/a	[ "Auburn Tigers", "Georgia Bulldogs" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13127387", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\nKerryon Johnson to fumble the ball, and Roquan Smith again recovered the fumble. Georgia would subsequently score a touchdown on a 4-play, 39-yard drive, capped off by a successful 2-point conversion to put Georgia up 21–7. After the Georgia defense forced Auburn to go three-and-out on their next drive, D'Andre Swift would score on a 64-yard touchdown run to put Georgia up 28–7, the final score of the game. 2017 SEC Championship Game The 2017 SEC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, and determined the 2017 football champion of the Southeastern Conference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8883079", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\n2017 SEC Championship Game The 2017 SEC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017 at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, and determined the 2017 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). This was the first SEC Conference football championship at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium. The game featured the Eastern Division Champion, 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team against the Western Division Co-Champion, the 2017 Auburn Tigers football team. This championship game was a rematch of their rivalry game, played on November 11, 2017. In that earlier game, Auburn beat Georgia by a score of 40-17. In this rematch, Georgia won the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12228473", "chunk_text": "\"2018 SEC Championship Game\"\n2018 SEC Championship Game The 2018 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 1, 2018, in the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia, to determine the 2018 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game featured the East Division champion Georgia against the West Division champion Alabama. The game was televised by CBS for the eighteenth straight year. Alabama came back from a 21–14 halftime deficit to defeat Georgia, 35–28. In the 2017 SEC Championship Game, the East champion Georgia defeated the West champion Auburn 28–7 in a rematch from three weeks prior where Auburn defeated Georgia 40–17. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8883081", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\nbefore the 2017 title game, following the opening of Mercedes-Benz Stadium. Auburn The Auburn Tigers clinched the SEC Western Division (co-champion) and a spot in the SEC championship game after defeating rival Alabama in the final game of the regular season. The Tigers got off to a slow start, allowing 11 sacks in a 14–6 loss at ACC foe and #3 ranked Clemson. However, the Tigers rebounded by winning four straight games, all blowouts, and were ranked #10 going into a game at LSU, in which Auburn was heavily favored. Auburn built a 20–0 lead in the first half, only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4605006", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\nto see it slip away in the second half as the Auburn Tigers fell to LSU 27–23. The Tigers then defeated conference foes Arkansas and Texas A&M in blowouts before facing AP ranked #2 Georgia on November 11, by which point the Tigers had climbed back up to #10 in the AP Poll. The Tigers dominated the Bulldogs 40–17, and moved up to #6 in the polls as a result. After a tune-up game against Louisiana–Monroe, the #6 Tigers faced #1 ranked Alabama, with the winner going to the SEC Championship. It was the Tigers who prevailed 26–14, setting up", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8369942", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Southeastern Conference football season\"\nConference. The SEC consists of 14 members: Alabama, Arkansas, Auburn, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, LSU, Mississippi, Mississippi State, Missouri, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas A&M, and Vanderbilt; and is split up into the Western and Eastern divisions, with the champion of each division meeting in Atlanta to compete for the SEC Championship on December 3. Alabama enters the season as defending SEC champions as they defeated Florida in the previous year's championship game. The Tide would then go on to defeat the Washington Huskies in the Peach Bowl, but lost to Clemson 35-31 on January 9, 2017 in the National Championship Game.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11685573", "chunk_text": "\"2018 SEC Championship Game\"\ntitle by two games. This match up was the 69th all time meeting against the Crimson Tide and Bulldogs. They last played each other last season for the College Football Playoff National Championship . Alabama defeated Georgia, in overtime, 26–23. The win brought Alabama to its 17th National Title. After the January 8, 2018 match up, Alabama leads the all time series 39–25–4. This match up will be the first time since 2012, that the two teams face off in the conference title game. 2018 SEC Championship Game The 2018 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 1, 2018,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8883080", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\nSEC Championship by beating Auburn 28-7. This game marked the first time that any permanent cross division rivals faced off in the SEC Championship Game. This was also the first SEC Championship Game with new SEC on CBS announcer Brad Nessler replacing Verne Lundquist, who retired in 2016. The game was televised nationally by CBS. In the 2016 SEC Championship Game, the western division champion Alabama defeated the eastern division champion Florida 54–16 in a rematch of the 2015 SEC Championship Game. It was the last SEC title game to be held at the Georgia Dome, which was demolished shortly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11655506", "chunk_text": "\"SEC Championship Game\"\nSEC Championship Game The SEC Championship Game is an annual American football game that has determined the Southeastern Conference's season champion since 1992. The championship game pits the SEC West Division regular season champion against the East Division regular season champion. Since 2007, the game has typically been played on the first Saturday of December, and the game has been held in Atlanta since 1994, first at the Georgia Dome, and at Mercedes-Benz Stadium since 2017. Ten of the fourteen current SEC members have played in the SEC Championship Game. Kentucky and Vanderbilt have yet to reach the game from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8883083", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\ndominated the Gators 42–7. After a win over South Carolina, the Bulldogs were ranked #1 in the CFP poll and #2 in the AP Poll. However, that week they were defeated handily by Auburn for their first loss of the year. The Bulldogs bounced back and defeated Kentucky and rival Georgia Tech to set up a rematch with Auburn. Georgia and Auburn met in the SEC Championship Game, the first ever in the Mercedes-Benz Stadium, for a rematch of the regular-season contest. Auburn scored an early touchdown on their first drive of the game, going 75 yards on 10 plays.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7119176", "chunk_text": "\"2016 SEC Championship Game\"\n2016 SEC Championship Game The 2016 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 3, 2016 in the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia, and determined the 2016 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game was played between the Eastern Division champion, Gators, and Western Division champion Alabama. The Eastern Division team was the designated home team, and the game was broadcast nationally by CBS for the 16th consecutive year. This was the final SEC Championship Game in the Georgia Dome, which was demolished on November 20, 2017 after its successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, opened on August 26 of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7119178", "chunk_text": "\"2016 SEC Championship Game\"\nSource: 2016 SEC Championship Game The 2016 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 3, 2016 in the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia, and determined the 2016 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game was played between the Eastern Division champion, Gators, and Western Division champion Alabama. The Eastern Division team was the designated home team, and the game was broadcast nationally by CBS for the 16th consecutive year. This was the final SEC Championship Game in the Georgia Dome, which was demolished on November 20, 2017 after its successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, opened on August 26 of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4605007", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\na rematch against Georgia. Georgia The Bulldogs clinched the SEC Eastern Division after beating rival South Carolina on November 4. It was the earliest a spot in the SEC Championship Game had been clinched since 2009. The Bulldogs had a great regular season, going 11–1. In the second game of the year, the Bulldogs defeated Notre Dame 20–19 on a late field goal. Later in September, they defeated #17 ranked Mississippi State 31–3, solidifying themselves as title contenders. After victories over lesser conference foes, the Bulldogs had a chance to clinch the SEC East with a victory over Florida. They", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11685572", "chunk_text": "\"2018 SEC Championship Game\"\nwas the first time since 2008 an East Division team won the SEC Championship. Also on November 3, Alabama secured its spot in the title game by defeating LSU. This gave Alabama a two-game lead over LSU in the West Division, with the Crimson Tide holding the potential tiebreaker. Georgia won its November 3 game against Kentucky, securing the East Division. While Georgia could have finished in a tie for the division title with any combination of Kentucky and Florida, Georgia also defeated Florida during the season, giving the Bulldogs all possible divisional tiebreakers. The Bulldogs ultimately won the East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8633901", "chunk_text": "\"2018 College Football Playoff National Championship\"\nby a score of 24–6 to reach the championship game. The Tide had a 12–1 season, becoming the SEC West Division co-champions with the Auburn Tigers. The Crimson Tide were coached by Nick Saban. The Georgia Bulldogs defeated the Oklahoma Sooners in the 2018 Rose Bowl by a score of 54–48 in double overtime to reach the championship game. The Bulldogs had a 13–1 season claiming their 13th Southeastern Conference (SEC) championship with a win over Auburn Tigers, 28–7. The Bulldogs were coached by Kirby Smart. † = 2017 All-American After winning the coin toss, Alabama deferred to the second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13127385", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\nThe Auburn defense forced Georgia to punt on their first drive after 7 plays. Both teams would go three-and-out on their next drives. Early into the second quarter, Auburn drove into the red zone before Jarrett Stidham fumbled the ball as he was sacked by Davin Bellamy. Roquan Smith recovered the fumble, and Georgia subsequently scored their first touchdown of the game on a 7 play, 83-yard drive. Auburn was forced to go three-and-out afterwards, and Georgia responded with another scoring drive. After a potential touchdown pass was erased by a controversial \"\"pick play\"\" call, Georgia settled for a 27-yard", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13127386", "chunk_text": "\"2017 SEC Championship Game\"\nfield goal to take their first lead of the game. Neither team would score for the remainder of the first half. Georgia received the ball at the beginning of the first half, but they were forced to punt after 5 plays. Auburn would once again march into the red zone, but this time, Daniel Carlson's 31-yard field goal attempt was blocked by DaQuan Hawkins-Muckle and recovered by Dominick Sanders. Both teams traded punts on their next drives. Late into the third quarter, Georgia extended their lead to 13–7 with a 35-yard field goal. On Auburn's next drive, Lorenzo Carter forced", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "234611", "chunk_text": "\"SEC Championship Game\"\nGame which they lost 21–0 to fellow SEC member Alabama, and in 2017 Georgia won the SEC Championship Game and advanced to the College Football Playoff, defeating Oklahoma in the semifinal and advancing to the CFP final game, which they lost 26–23 in overtime to SEC member Alabama. Rankings are from the AP Poll at the time the game was played. Rankings are from the AP Poll at the time the game was played. List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games SEC Championship Game The SEC Championship Game is an annual American football game that has determined the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17201692", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"\n2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team The 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bulldogs played their home games at Sanford Stadium in Athens, Georgia and competed in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by second-year head coach Kirby Smart. The Bulldogs notched their 800th win in program history with a 41–0 victory over Tennessee on September 30, 2017. The 2017 Georgia Bulldogs were crowned Southeastern Conference Champions on December 2, 2017, with a postseason win over the Auburn Tigers, against whom they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18704233", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Southeastern Conference football season\"\n2017 Southeastern Conference football season The 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East and West. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3006768", "chunk_text": "\"2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season\"\n2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season The 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The regular season began on August 26, 2017 and ended on December 9, 2017. The Alabama Crimson Tide and Georgia Bulldogs played in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship. Alabama defeated Georgia in overtime by a score of 26–23 on a game-winning touchdown pass from Tua Tagovailoa to Devonta Smith. Alabama claimed its 17th national title in school history, the most of any current", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1432411", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Auburn Tigers football team\"\nclinched a berth in the SEC Championship Game with their victory over Alabama. The Tigers played Georgia for the second time this season, after defeating the Bulldogs 40–17 on November 11. It was Auburn's sixth appearance in the SEC Championship, going 3–2 with losses to Tennessee in 1997 and Florida in 2000, and victories over Tennessee in 2004, South Carolina in 2010, and Missouri in 2013. It was also the first SEC Championship Game held in the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium after the Georgia Dome was demolished the week before. Despite beating #1 Georgia three weeks prior to the SEC championship,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8369944", "chunk_text": "\"2016 Southeastern Conference football season\"\nJarrad Davis, Marcus Maye), and Vanderbilt (Derek Mason, Ralph Webb, Zach Cunningham, Oren Burks). On Tuesday: Georgia (Kirby Smart, Jeb Blazevich, Brandon Kublanow, Dominick Sanders), Mississippi State (Dan Mullen, Richie Brown, Fred Ross, A.J. Jefferson), Tennessee (Butch Jones, Joshua Dobbs, Jalen Reeves-Maybin, Cameron Sutton), and Texas A&M (Kevin Sumlin, Myles Garrett, Trevor Knight, Ricky Seals-Jones). On Wednesday: Alabama (Nick Saban, Jonathan Allen, O.J. Howard, Eddie Jackson), Arkansas (Bret Bielema, Brooks Ellis, Deatrich Wise Jr., Jeremy Sprinkle), Kentucky (Mark Stoops, Jojo Kemp, Courtney Love, Jon Toth), and Missouri (Barry Odom, Sean Culkin, Charles Harris, Michael Scherer). On Thursday: South Carolina (Will", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11655507", "chunk_text": "\"SEC Championship Game\"\nthe East, while Ole Miss and Texas A&M have yet to reach the game from the West. The overall series is led by the Western Division, 15–12. While ten SEC members have played in the game, only six have won: Florida, Georgia, and Tennessee of the East Division, and Alabama, Auburn, and LSU of the West Division. Each of these teams has won the championship multiple times. Alabama is the reigning SEC champion. The SEC was the first NCAA conference in any division to hold a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season contests. Such a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3512953", "chunk_text": "\"2017 College Football Playoff National Championship\"\n2017 College Football Playoff National Championship The 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship was a bowl game that was used to determine a national champion of college football in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2016 season. The game was played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, on January 9, 2017. It was the culminating game of the 2016–17 bowl season. The game was played between the winners of two pre-designated bowl games played on December 31, 2016: the Clemson Tigers, who defeated the Ohio State Buckeyes in the Fiesta Bowl, and the Alabama Crimson Tide,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8633899", "chunk_text": "\"2018 College Football Playoff National Championship\"\n2018 College Football Playoff National Championship The 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship was a college football bowl game that determined a national champion in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2017 season. The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 26–23, coming back from a 13–0 deficit at halftime to secure the win in overtime. True freshman quarterback Tua Tagovailoa and defensive tackle Daron Payne were respectively named the offensive and defensive players of the game. The College Football Playoff selection committee chose the semifinalists following the conclusion of the 2017 regular season. Alabama and Georgia", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16713322", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"\nhad suffered their only defeat in the regular season. This was their first conference title since 2005. After the win against Auburn, 2017 became only the fifth season of all time to see Georgia beat all of its traditional rivals (Auburn, Florida, Georgia Tech, Tennessee) in the same season (previously 1980, 1982, 2011, 2012). Georgia received its first ever College Football Playoff appearance against Oklahoma in the school's first Rose Bowl Game since the 1942 season. Georgia won by a score of 54–48 in double overtime. The Bulldogs reached the National Championship game for the first time since 1982, but", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21014350", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Southeastern Conference football season\"\nindividuals won the conference's annual player and coach awards: Reference: References: \"\"Winners in bold\"\" Game played at Arkansas' secondary home stadium War Memorial Stadium, capacity: 54,120. Reference: 2017 Southeastern Conference football season The 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1712896", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Rose Bowl\"\ntheir only loss of the regular season. Georgia wrapped up the regular season by beating the Kentucky Wildcats 42–13 and the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets 38–7. On December 2, 2017, No.6 Georgia joined No. 4 Auburn in the SEC Championship, the only team who beat them during the regular season. In the rematch, Georgia took the lead in the second quarter when Georgia linebacker Davin Bellamy stripped the ball from Auburn quarterback Jarrett Stidham, recovered by Roquan Smith and leading to Georgia's drive that tied the score. Georgia took the SEC title for the first time since 2005, almost certainly", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19778679", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\"\nin the CFP Semi-final in the Sugar Bowl over Clemson and Georgia's overtime win over Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl, Alabama and Georgia, who did not play during SEC play, were slated to play on January 8, 2018 in the Mercedes-Benz Dome in Atlanta, Georgia for the 2018 College Football National Championship Game. This game marked the first time ex-Defensive Coordinator for Alabama Kirby Smart, head coach of Georgia faced off against his mentor Nick Saban. Alabama won the coin toss and elected to defer. On Georgia's opening drive, Alabama's Tony Brown intercepted a pass intended for Georgia's Riley Ridley,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19552354", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"\nmeeting since the 1981 Sugar Bowl. In their most recent matches, Georgia defeated Appalachian State 45–6 in 2013, Notre Dame 17–10 for the 1980 National Championship, and lost to Georgia Tech 28–27 at Sanford Stadium in 2016. From the SEC West, Georgia played Mississippi State for the first time since 2011 when they beat Mississippi State 24–10 as well as Auburn in their annual Deep South's Oldest Rivalry, leading the series 57–55–8 after winning 3 straight times against Auburn including last year's win against #8 Auburn 13–7 in Sanford Stadium. On September 2, 2017, Georgia faced Appalachian State University. Returning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16713336", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"\nthe draft, and another five were signed to NFL teams as undrafted free agents. 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team The 2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team represented the University of Georgia in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Bulldogs played their home games at Sanford Stadium in Athens, Georgia and competed in the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by second-year head coach Kirby Smart. The Bulldogs notched their 800th win in program history with a 41–0 victory over Tennessee on September 30, 2017. The 2017 Georgia Bulldogs were crowned Southeastern Conference Champions on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16713333", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"\nvictory with a 64-yard 4th quarter touchdown run to put the Bulldogs up by three scores. The win gave Georgia its first SEC title since 2005 and secured a spot for Georgia in the 2018 College Football Playoff. On January 1, 2018, Georgia defeated Oklahoma 54–48 in a College Football Playoff semifinal game played at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Oklahoma led by 14 points at halftime, but Georgia used a strong running game to storm back in the second half. The game was tied at 45 at the end of regulation time. After the teams traded field goals", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "234601", "chunk_text": "\"SEC Championship Game\"\nfootball champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the Georgia Dome's replacement, Mercedes-Benz Stadium. The game will be played at the new stadium through 2027. In 2016, Alabama and Florida met in the SEC Championship Game for the ninth time in the first 25 years of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10560012", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Southeastern Conference football season\"\n2018 Southeastern Conference football season The 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19777235", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Alabama Crimson Tide football team\"\nClemson in a rubber match of the past two playoffs in the semi-final game played at the 2018 Sugar Bowl, which they won 24–6. Alabama was matched in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship game against number 3 and SEC champion and rival Georgia, who beat Oklahoma in the 2018 Rose Bowl, 54–48. Alabama won in overtime, 26–23, to secure the CFP National Championship. Alabama was also selected as champions by the Associated Press (AP) for a record 11th time in program history and recognized by the National Football Foundation (NFF) as the McArthur Bowl recipient, giving Alabama their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5418235", "chunk_text": "\"Deep South's Oldest Rivalry\"\nmost played rivalry game in FBS football. The game played on December 2, 2017 was the 2017 SEC Championship Game, and was the second time the Tigers and Bulldogs meet in the 2017 season. Series record sources: \"\"2011 Auburn Football Media Guide\"\", \"\"2011 Georgia Football Media Guide\"\", College Football Data Warehouse, In 1892, The two schools met in the first meeting in what is now the Deep South’s oldest college football rivalry. Auburn won the game 10-0. One Atlanta newspaper called it the “social event of the year.” In 1896, Georgia won by a 12-6 score to finish its first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16002916", "chunk_text": "\"SEC Championship Game\"\nthe game. Since 2014, the SEC Championship Game winner has gone on to appear in the College Football Playoff every season. Results from all SEC Championship games that have been played. Rankings are from the AP Poll released prior to matchup. The team designated as the \"\"home\"\" team alternates between division champions. The designation goes to the East champion in even-numbered years and the West champion in odd-numbered years. After the 2018 contest, the designated \"\"home\"\" team is 15–12 overall in SEC championship games. In 2009, the West champion, Alabama, was the home team, ending a streak where the SEC", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13463102", "chunk_text": "\"2017 College Football Playoff National Championship\"\nPlayoff title.\"\" This became the third-highest watched game by streaming on ESPN, after two games from the FIFA World Cup. 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship The 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship was a bowl game that was used to determine a national champion of college football in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision for the 2016 season. The game was played at Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida, on January 9, 2017. It was the culminating game of the 2016–17 bowl season. The game was played between the winners of two pre-designated bowl games played on December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14944954", "chunk_text": "\"2018 College Football Playoff National Championship\"\nadvanced to the national championship after winning the semifinal games hosted by the Sugar Bowl and Rose Bowl Game respectively in January 2018. The championship game was played at Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia on January 8, 2018. The Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia was announced as the host site for the fourth College Football National Championship on November 4, 2015. The College Football Playoff (CFP) selection committee selected four teams to advance to the playoff: the Clemson Tigers, Oklahoma Sooners, Georgia Bulldogs, and Alabama Crimson Tide. The Alabama Crimson Tide defeated the Clemson Tigers in the 2018 Sugar Bowl", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7119177", "chunk_text": "\"2016 SEC Championship Game\"\nsame year. The title game will move to the new stadium and will remain there through at least 2027. Alabama earned a berth in the SEC Championship on November 12 after clinching the SEC West. In the 2015 SEC Championship Game, Alabama defeated Florida 29–15. Alabama went on to defeat Michigan State 38–0 in the Cotton Bowl, which served as a College Football Playoff semifinal, and defeated Clemson 45–40 in the national championship game. This would be Verne Lundquist's final SEC Championship Game broadcast. He retired from calling college football following the Army-Navy Game. He was succeeded by Brad Nessler.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "623113", "chunk_text": "\"Mercedes-Benz Stadium\"\nGeorgia and Auburn would meet in Mercedes Benz Stadium, in what would be a rematch from early regular season meeting. Looking to avenge their loss from week 11, Georgia would go on to defeat Auburn 28-7 and claim the 2017 SEC Conference Championship. On November 4, 2015, it was announced that the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship would be held at the stadium on January 8, 2018, beating out Houston, Miami Gardens, and Santa Clara. On Sunday December 3, 2017, four teams were selected by the College Football Playoff Committee to compete in the College Football Playoff Semifinals, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1712895", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Rose Bowl\"\nGeorgia faced the Missouri Tigers back home in Athens, winning 53–28. During that game, Georgia gained 696 total yards, the second-highest in school history. When Georgia faced their biggest rival, the Florida Gators, in the annual neutral-location game, Georgia remained undefeated and beat Florida 42–7, the biggest win in the rivalry since 1982. After Florida's loss to Georgia, they fired head coach Jim McElwain. The following week, Georgia beat the South Carolina Gamecocks 24–10, clinching the SEC East and their spot in the SEC Championship. On November 11, 2017, Georgia lost to the Auburn Tigers 17–40 in what would be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17201694", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"\nlost to Alabama in overtime. The 2016 Georgia Bulldogs football team finished the regular season 8–5, with losses to Ole Miss, Tennessee, Vanderbilt, Florida, and Georgia Tech. Key wins included defeating North Carolina 33–24 to start the season in the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game at the Georgia Dome, #8 Auburn 13–7, and TCU 31–23 in the Liberty Bowl in Memphis. Georgia did not receive a bid to the SEC Championship due to the four SEC losses (Ole Miss, Tennessee, Vanderbilt, and Florida). Instead, two loss Florida went to the SEC championship game. The 2016 SEC Championship Game saw Alabama beat Florida", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5014022", "chunk_text": "\"2018 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"\nChampionship since 2005, defeating Auburn 28–7. Georgia was selected to play in the College Football Playoff for the first time in school history as the #3 seed to face the #2 seed Oklahoma in the Rose Bowl. In an instant classic, Georgia roared back from a 14 point halftime deficit to defeat Oklahoma 54–48 in 2 overtimes earning their first National Championship game appearance. In the National Championship, Georgia was defeated by Alabama 26–23 in overtime. Georgia finished the season 13–2. The SEC media poll was released on July 20, 2018, with the Bulldogs predicted to win the SEC East", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18836557", "chunk_text": "\"Southeastern Conference\"\nat the Georgia Dome through 2016, and since 2017 at its replacement, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, with the current hosting contract running through 2027. The \"\"home team\"\" designation alternates between the division champions, going to the East champion in even-numbered years and the West champion in odd-numbered years. As of 2017, the West division leads in overall wins in the championship game against the East division, 14 to 12. The post-season bowl game tie-ins for the SEC for the 2014–2019 seasons are: Payout is per team for the 2014 season; if different for opposing conference, payout for the SEC team is shown.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2340984", "chunk_text": "\"2015 SEC Championship Game\"\n2015 SEC Championship Game The 2015 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 5, 2015 in the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, and determined the 2015 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game was played between the East Division champion Florida Gators and West Division champion Alabama Crimson Tide. Alabama was the designated home team. CBS televised the game for the fifteenth consecutive year. The winner of the SEC Championship Game had gone on to compete for a national championship each of the last nine years. The SEC went 7–2 in the final eight BCS Championship games (in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9133851", "chunk_text": "\"2017 ACC Championship Game\"\n2017 ACC Championship Game The 2017 ACC Championship Game was played on December 2, 2017. It was the 13th annual ACC Football Conference Championship Game to determine the 2017 champion of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The game was held at Bank of America Stadium in Charlotte, North Carolina. Clemson emerged victorious and became the 2017 ACC champions, beating Miami 38-3. The 2017 Championship Game was the 13th in the Atlantic Coast Conference's 65-year history. Last season, the ACC Championship Game featured the Clemson Tigers, champions of the Atlantic Division, and the Virginia Tech Hokies, champions of the Coastal Division. Clemson", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20786606", "chunk_text": "\"2015 SEC Championship Game\"\ncandidate Leonard Fournette to only 31. The Tide were able to clinch the Western Division title with their 29–13 victory over rival Auburn. Source: 2015 SEC Championship Game The 2015 SEC Championship Game was played on Saturday, December 5, 2015 in the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, and determined the 2015 football champion of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The game was played between the East Division champion Florida Gators and West Division champion Alabama Crimson Tide. Alabama was the designated home team. CBS televised the game for the fifteenth consecutive year. The winner of the SEC Championship Game had gone on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18649781", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Georgia Bulldogs football team\"\nfrom the 6 yard line late in the contest. Alabama had a chance to win it in regulation but missed a short field goal and the game was sent to OT. Georgia kicker Rodrigo Blankenship hit a 51-yard field goal, setting a National Championship game record to give the Bulldogs a 3-point lead in OT. On Alabama's OT possession they scored a TD on second down that won the game and gave Alabama their 5th National Championship under Nick Saban. The 2018 NFL Draft was held on April 26–28 in Arlington, Texas. Six Georgia players were selected as part of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3286	who sang the song good morning good morning?	n/a	[ "Gene Kelly", "Donald O'Connor", "Judy Garland", "Debbie Reynolds", "Mickey Rooney" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17793029", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Good Morning\"\nGood Morning Good Morning \"\"Good Morning Good Morning\"\" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by the Beatles, featured on their 1967 album \"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"\". Inspiration for the song came to Lennon from a television commercial for Kellogg's Corn Flakes. Another reference to contemporary television was the lyric \"\"It's time for tea and \"\"Meet the Wife\"\"\"\", referring to the BBC sitcom. The basic track was recorded on 8 February 1967, with overdubs on 16 February (bass guitar and lead vocals), 13 March (brass section), 28 March (backing vocals and guitar solo),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4216967", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\nHello Good Morning \"\"Hello Good Morning\"\" is a song by American rapper and producer Diddy and his group Dirty Money, from their debut album, \"\"Last Train to Paris\"\". It was released from March 30, 2010 as the album's third single. The electronic dance song incorporates an acid squelch section in the middle 8, ad was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, Clifford \"\"T.I.\"\" Harris and Nathaniel \"\"Danja\"\" Hills who also produced the song. T.I. has a featured rap on the song. The song's musical composition was inspired by Diddy's experiences in Ibiza night clubs; its lyrics focus around sex and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14195040", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Heartache\"\nGood Morning Heartache \"\"Good Morning Heartache\"\" is a song written by Irene Higginbotham, Ervin Drake, and Dan Fisher. It was recorded by jazz singer Billie Holiday on January 22, 1946. Bill Stegmeyer and his Orchestra (Decca Session #54) New York City, January 22, 1946: with Chris Griffin (trumpet), Joe Guy (trumpet), Bill Stegmeyer (alto saxophone), Hank Ross (tenor saxophone), Bernie Kaufman (tenor saxophone), Armand Camgros (tenor saxophone), Joe Springer (piano), Tiny Grimes (guitar), John Simmons (bass), Sidney Catlett (drums), Billie Holiday (vocal) + 4 strings. The song was revived by R&B/soul singer Diana Ross, when she portrayed Holiday in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1990819", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\nAwards\"\" on August 9, 2010. \"\"Hello Good Morning\"\" was recorded at Chalice Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California and mixed at Larrabee Studios in Universal City, California. Hello Good Morning \"\"Hello Good Morning\"\" is a song by American rapper and producer Diddy and his group Dirty Money, from their debut album, \"\"Last Train to Paris\"\". It was released from March 30, 2010 as the album's third single. The electronic dance song incorporates an acid squelch section in the middle 8, ad was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, Clifford \"\"T.I.\"\" Harris and Nathaniel \"\"Danja\"\" Hills who also produced the song.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11603174", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Heartache\"\nbiopic \"\"Lady Sings the Blues\"\", in 1972, starring with Billy Dee Williams. With her release of the song as a single later on that year to promote the movie, Ross brought jazz back to the pop and R&B audiences, sending it to numbers 20 and 34 on the R&B and Pop charts respectively. A partial list includes: Good Morning Heartache \"\"Good Morning Heartache\"\" is a song written by Irene Higginbotham, Ervin Drake, and Dan Fisher. It was recorded by jazz singer Billie Holiday on January 22, 1946. Bill Stegmeyer and his Orchestra (Decca Session #54) New York City, January 22,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3709056", "chunk_text": "\"A Beautiful Morning\"\nA Beautiful Morning \"\"A Beautiful Morning\"\" is a song written by Felix Cavaliere and Eddie Brigati and recorded by the Rascals. Coming out in early 1968, it was the group's first single released under that name rather than the Young Rascals. The song continued the theme of carefree optimism that had distinguished the previous year's \"\"Groovin'\"\". The song was a big hit in the United States, reaching number 3 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 chart, and also reaching number 36 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart. It was RIAA-certified as a Million Seller on June 28, 1968. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17793034", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Good Morning\"\nten bars, 42 beats) B: 5,5,5,3,4,5,4,3,3,4,4 (eleven bars, 44 beats) A: 4,4,4,4,4,4 (end: six bars, 24 beats, with fade out bar) This adds up to 64 bars with 260 beats, which at published 117 beats per minute would result in a length of 2:13,333… minutes. Personnel per Ian MacDonald: Good Morning Good Morning \"\"Good Morning Good Morning\"\" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by the Beatles, featured on their 1967 album \"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"\". Inspiration for the song came to Lennon from a television commercial for Kellogg's Corn Flakes. Another reference", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1234641", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning (Kanye West song)\"\nGood Morning (Kanye West song) \"\"Good Morning\"\" is a song by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West. It was released as the first song on the track-listing of his third studio album \"\"Graduation\"\" (2007). The song was produced by West and contains samples from the recording \"\"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\"\" by English singer and pianist Elton John. As the album-opener, \"\"Good Morning\"\" serves as an introduction to the musical and lyrical themes of \"\"Graduation\"\". The composition is both light and dark in tone and retains a keyboard-laden, electronic instrumentation in addition to being imbued with poignant,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16413901", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Beautiful (song)\"\nGood Morning Beautiful (song) \"\"Good Morning Beautiful\"\" is a song written by Zack Lyle and Todd Cerney, and recorded by American country music artist Steve Holy. It was released in July 2001 as the fourth single from the album \"\"Blue Moon\"\". The song slowly became a major hit, reaching No. 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart on February 2, 2002. The song's five-week reign atop the chart was part of a 41-week chart run. Featured in the movie \"\"Angel Eyes\"\", \"\"Good Morning Beautiful\"\" was initially released as a cut from the movie's soundtrack. Following the song's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16413904", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Beautiful (song)\"\nthe background. Good Morning Beautiful (song) \"\"Good Morning Beautiful\"\" is a song written by Zack Lyle and Todd Cerney, and recorded by American country music artist Steve Holy. It was released in July 2001 as the fourth single from the album \"\"Blue Moon\"\". The song slowly became a major hit, reaching No. 1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart on February 2, 2002. The song's five-week reign atop the chart was part of a 41-week chart run. Featured in the movie \"\"Angel Eyes\"\", \"\"Good Morning Beautiful\"\" was initially released as a cut from the movie's soundtrack. Following", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9920120", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning (Kanye West song)\"\nat the beginning of \"\"Good Morning\"\" was sampled by mashup artist Kids & Explosions. He uses a loop of the vocal sample for the track \"\"Everything\"\" on his debut album \"\"Shit Computer\"\". Information taken from \"\"Graduation\"\" liner notes. Good Morning (Kanye West song) \"\"Good Morning\"\" is a song by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West. It was released as the first song on the track-listing of his third studio album \"\"Graduation\"\" (2007). The song was produced by West and contains samples from the recording \"\"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\"\" by English singer and pianist Elton John. As", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6277871", "chunk_text": "\"Jane Turzy\"\nJane Turzy Jane Turzy was a Chicago, Illinois-born singer of traditional pop music. She succeeded in reaching the popularity charts only in 1951 with three recordings she made for Decca Records. Her biggest hit, \"\"Good Morning, Mister Echo\"\", was credited to The Jane Turzy Trio because she overdubbed her voice twice to mimic the sound of a vocal trio, similar to the multitrack vocal effects heard earlier on ground-breaking hits by Patti Page and Mary Ford. Georgia Gibbs and Margaret Whiting issued competing versions, but Turzy's rendition charted the highest. She also had a version of \"\"Sweet Violets\"\" (which competed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12778323", "chunk_text": "\"Mildred J. Hill\"\nquestion after a judge ruled against the legitimacy of the copyright. Hill and her sister were posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame on June 12, 1996. Mildred J. Hill Mildred Jane Hill (June 27, 1859 – June 5, 1916) was an American songwriter and musicologist, who composed the melody for \"\"Good Morning to All\"\", later used as the melody for \"\"Happy Birthday to You\"\". Mildred Jane Hill, born in Louisville, Kentucky, was the oldest of three sisters, Mildred, Patty, and Jessica. She learned music from her father, Calvin Cody, and Adolph Weidig. It has been reported that Mildred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5440098", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\nare either listed as Demarais or \"\"Level–Love\"\". In 1990, Sonny Boy Williamson I's \"\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\" was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in the \"\"Classics of Blues Recordings – Single or Album Track\"\" category. Numerous artists have recorded or performed the song through the years, such as: Paul Butterfield (1964), Rod Stewart (1964), Junior Wells (1965), Chuck Berry (1967), Grateful Dead (1967), Taj Mahal (1969), Ten Years After (1969), Johnny Winter (1969), Van Morrison (1993), Paul Rodgers with Jeff Beck (1993), Huey Lewis and the News (1994), Jonny Lang (1997), the Derek Trucks Band (1998), Devil", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12330329", "chunk_text": "\"Light of a Clear Blue Morning\"\nLight of a Clear Blue Morning \"\"Light of a Clear Blue Morning\"\" is a song written and recorded by American entertainer Dolly Parton. It first appeared on her 1977 \"\"New Harvest...First Gathering\"\" album, and provided a top twenty country music hit for her as a single. As Parton has told a number of interviewers over the years, the song came out of the pain from her break with longtime musical and business partner Porter Wagoner. Parton left Wagoner's band in 1974, in an effort to aim her career in a more mainstream pop direction; Wagoner responded by taking legal action,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1234657", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning (Kanye West song)\"\nelectronic synthesizer along with keyboards which harbor New-Age aspects. Furthermore, West integrated samples of vocals in the falsetto register into the chorus section. The dreamy, chant-like coos are from the 1975 recording \"\"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\"\" by the English pianist, singer-songwriter and composer Elton John. The track also contains additional vocals provided by Australian singer Connie Mitchell of the dance music group Sneaky Sound System as well as soul singer Tony Williams. West had Connie Mitchell and Tony Williams sing a descending vocal line together over the looped sample. Their celestial unison singing and the floating monophonic vocal loop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "751354", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning to the Night (song)\"\nGood Morning to the Night (song) \"\"Good Morning to the Night\"\" is a song by British singer songwriter Elton John Vs Australian electronic dance duo Pnau. It was released in Australia on 6 July 2012 as the lead single from the album of the same name. In November 2012, John and Pnau performed the song live on The X Factor Australia. The song peaked at number 71 on the ARIA charts. The song incorporates elements from the following original Elton John sound recordings: \"\"Philadelphia Freedom\"\", \"\"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters\"\", \"\"Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding\"\", \"\"Tonight\"\", \"\"Gulliver/It's Hay Chewed\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4216970", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\nof 500,000 copies. Internationally, the single peaked at No. 22 in UK, and was particularly successful on the German Black Chart and UK R&B Chart, reaching number one and number eight respectively.morning \"\"Hello Good Morning\"\" was written by Marcella Araica, Richard Butler, T.I., Nathaniel \"\"Danja\"\" Hills. The song which features T.I., and was produced by Danja, is an electro-dance song influenced by Diddy's experiences in Ibiza where he visited the DC10 nightclub. The music influences included \"\"Felix da Housecat, Erick Morillo, Deep Dish and DJ Hell\"\". According to \"\"Rap-Up\"\" magazine, the lyrics refer to \"\"keeping a party going till early", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12778319", "chunk_text": "\"Mildred J. Hill\"\nMildred J. Hill Mildred Jane Hill (June 27, 1859 – June 5, 1916) was an American songwriter and musicologist, who composed the melody for \"\"Good Morning to All\"\", later used as the melody for \"\"Happy Birthday to You\"\". Mildred Jane Hill, born in Louisville, Kentucky, was the oldest of three sisters, Mildred, Patty, and Jessica. She learned music from her father, Calvin Cody, and Adolph Weidig. It has been reported that Mildred Hill was a kindergarten and Sunday-school teacher, like her younger sister Patty. Prof. Robert Brauneis, after extensively researching the Hill family, has concluded that she was not a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1234644", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning (Kanye West song)\"\nmuseums. West performed \"\"Good Morning\"\" as the opener of the set-list on his worldwide \"\"Glow in the Dark Tour\"\" (2008). \"\"Good Morning\"\" was written and produced by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West. The composition serves as the opening track for West's third studio album, \"\"Graduation\"\" (2007). Due to being the album's introductory track, the song's original title was \"\"Good Morning (Intro),\"\" but subsequently was changed. Unlike its predecessors, rather than a fake Bernie Mac intro or a Broke-Phi-Broke skit, the album-opener instead begins \"\"Graduation\"\" with vocals from Kanye West. On \"\"Good Morning,\"\" West himself establishes the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11495079", "chunk_text": "\"Morning Girl\"\nMorning Girl \"\"Morning Girl\"\" is a 1969 hit song by Neon Philharmonic. The song was a hit in Canada and the United States. The song featured a chamber-sized orchestra of Nashville Symphony Orchestra musicians. The project was headed by composer Tupper Saussy and vocalist Don Gant. The song reached number 17 on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 during the spring of the year. It peaked at number 15 on the \"\"Cash Box\"\" Top 100. It was a bigger hit in Canada, where it hit number six on the \"\"RPM\"\" 100, and number two on \"\"RPM\"\"s Adult Contemporary chart. In 1976,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5440094", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\nR&B chart. Memphis one-man-band Joe Hill Louis recorded an electric version titled \"\"Good Morning Little Angel\"\" in February or March 1953. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, several versions of \"\"Good Morning Little Schoolgirl\"\" were recorded as acoustic country-style blues, including versions by John Lee Hooker, Lightnin' Hopkins, Mississippi Fred McDowell, Muddy Waters, and Doctor Ross. In 1965, Junior Wells with Buddy Guy recorded it as a Chicago blues, with a distinctive guitar and bass line, for their influential \"\"Hoodoo Man Blues\"\" album. McDowell included a 1971 performance on \"\"Live in New York\"\" and in 1978, Muddy Waters recorded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17793032", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Good Morning\"\nversion of \"\"Good Morning Good Morning\"\" is 2:35, whereas the stereo version (due to a lengthier fade out of animal sounds) runs to 2:41. The 2017 stereo mix follows the editing style of the mono version, and as a result, it is also 2:35. For the Beatles' 2006 remix album \"\"Love\"\", the horse sounds were mixed into \"\"Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!\"\" The song is played at 117 beats per minute, has an unusual rhythmic feel and uses different time signatures. Beats are played in groups of 2, 3 and 4, and time signature changes frequently. Parts with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4363747", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning to the Night\"\nGood Morning to the Night Good Morning to the Night is a remix album by Elton John and Pnau, released in July 2012. The album's tracks are created from samples of various early Elton John songs mixed together to form completely new songs. The album debuted at No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart. Phil Mongredien from The Guardian said \"\"Australian dance duo Pnau have been mentored by Elton John for five years, and it's with his blessing that they have reimagined his early 70s output by splicing together snippets of songs to create something wholly new and oddly affecting...", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17793030", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Good Morning\"\nand 29 March (animal noises). The guitar solo was played by Paul McCartney on a Fender Esquire. At Lennon's request, George Martin brought in Sounds Incorporated to provide the song's prominent brass backing. Lennon asked engineer Geoff Emerick to arrange the animal noises heard at beginning (and end) of the song so that each animal heard was one capable of devouring (or frightening) the animal preceding it. The final sound effect of a chicken clucking was so placed that it transforms into the guitar on the following track, \"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)\"\". These animal noises were inspired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16207322", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\nMoney parting in Los Angeles, with T.I. enjoying the company of two ladies in an apartment and Diddy driving through the city at night. It was inspired by the 1995 film \"\"Heat\"\". An edited version of the clip was made for the official remix, and a completely new street party-themed video was filmed for the grime remix. At the time of release, \"\"Hello Good Morning\"\" became the album and group's first single to chart on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, reaching No. 27. Commercially, the single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for selling in excess", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16207332", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\nU.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 at No. 34. Eventually the song peaked at No. 27 on the Hot 100 in the chart week dated July 24, 2010. At the time of its charting, it was the first single from \"\"Last Train to Paris\"\" to appear on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Consequently, the song became Diddy's best charting Hot 100 single since his 2007 hit single \"\"Last Night\"\" with Keyshia Cole, as well as his eleventh top-thirty Hot 100 single. In comparison, \"\"Hello Good Morning\"\" is Dawn Richard's second lowest charting Hot 100 single, but first appearance on the chart since 2008's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15753390", "chunk_text": "\"Irene Higginbotham\"\nIrene Higginbotham Irene Higginbotham (June 11, 1918 – August 27, 1988) was an American songwriter and concert pianist. She is best known for co-writing the Billie Holiday song \"\"Good Morning Heartache\"\" (1946). Higginbotham was born on June 11, 1918, in Worcester, Massachusetts. While her closest connection in the popular music of the 1930s and 1940s was Billie Holiday, the prolific songwriter was niece of the classic African American jazz trombonist J. C. Higginbotham. She was a music student of choral conductor Kemper Harold of Morehouse College fame and Frederic Hall. She was also a concert pianist at age fifteen and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1291973", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\n\"\"Damaged\"\" as part of girlgroup, Danity Kane. For Kalenna Harper, it is her first Hot 100 chart appearance. T.I., who is featured on the song, received his highest Hot 100 chart peak, since his 2009 single \"\"Dead and Gone\"\" with Justin Timberlake. On August 18, 2010, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the single gold for selling at least 500,000 copies. On the official end of year charts, compiled by \"\"Billboard\"\", \"\"Hello Good Morning\"\" ranked at No. 29 on the U.S. Hot Rap Songs chart and No. 65 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. Additionally the single proved", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4216971", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\nhours of the morning\"\" and see Diddy return to using his signature ad-libs. Nicki Escudero from \"\"The Phoenix New Times\"\" noted the song's superficial themes which included lyrics about \"\"sex, money and cheating\"\" Brandon Soderberg from \"\"The Village Voice\"\" noted the song's bridge where there was an \"\"epic acid-squelch breakdown\"\". Several official remixes were released alongside the video to promote the song. The first of these remixes added an introduction verse from rapper Rick Ross and then a new verse later in the song from female rapper, Nicki Minaj. Labelled the \"\"Official Remix\"\", it was released in the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13481809", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Sunshine\"\nGood Morning Sunshine \"\"Good Morning Sunshine\"\" is a song by Danish-Norwegian band Aqua from their debut album, \"\"Aquarium\"\" (1997). The group's eighth overall single as well as the seventh and last from \"\"Aquarium\"\", the song was the first not to be released worldwide since \"\"Lollipop (Candyman)\"\" (1997). The song was released in December 1998, peaking at number 25 in Denmark and number 18 in the United Kingdom, becoming their lowest-charting song in the UK from the \"\"Aquarium\"\" album. The song itself was similar to \"\"Turn Back Time\"\", with a slower beat to previous tracks. In a documentary released in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14025283", "chunk_text": "\"David Mindel\"\nDavid Mindel David Mindel (born 25 October 1946 in Twickenham, UK) is a British songwriter, jingle writer and composer of music for film and television. Mindel was educated at Finchley County Grammar School in London which he left at sixteen to attend La Colline Language School in Vevey, Switzerland. A self-taught musician, Mindel teamed up with school friend David Seys to form the singing duo \"\"David and David\"\" in 1970. In 1972 EMI released two self-penned singles, \"\"Good Morning Morning\"\" and \"\"In The City\"\". In 1972 Mindel joined the Noel Gay Organisation as a record plugger and junior A&R person.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5440092", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\nGood Morning, School Girl \"\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\" is a blues standard which has been identified as an influential part of the blues canon. Pre-war Chicago blues vocalist and harmonica pioneer John Lee \"\"Sonny Boy\"\" Williamson first recorded it in 1937. Subsequently, a variety of artists have recorded versions of the song, usually calling it \"\"Good Morning Little Schoolgirl\"\". Sonny Boy Williamson I recorded \"\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\" in 1937 during his first recording session for Bluebird Records. The song is an uptempo blues with an irregular number of bars. Although identified with Chicago blues, a write-up in the Blues", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16413903", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Beautiful (song)\"\nthe week of February 2, 2002, spending a total of 41 weeks on the chart. For more than four years, it represented the only No. 1 hit for Holy, whose other songs had failed to peak any higher than No. 24 on the Country chart. That distinction ended when Holy released \"\"Brand New Girlfriend\"\" in 2006, which became his second No. 1 single. Nathan Carter, a Country 'n Irish artist covered the song on his 2015 album \"\"Beautiful Life\"\". A music video was also released featuring Carter singing the song and playing the piano while a couple are dancing in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "751355", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning to the Night (song)\"\n\"\"Sixty Years On\"\", \"\"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\"\" and \"\"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\"\". In an album review, Phil Mongredien from The Guardian said \"\"The dazzling title track combines eight of Elton's lesser-known pieces to create an uplifting club anthem – in the vein of Modjo's \"\"Lady\"\" – that seems a sure-fire summer hit.\"\" 1 track CD single Good Morning to the Night (song) \"\"Good Morning to the Night\"\" is a song by British singer songwriter Elton John Vs Australian electronic dance duo Pnau. It was released in Australia on 6 July 2012 as the lead single from the album of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10125007", "chunk_text": "\"Hutch Davie\"\nsongs \"\"Good Morning Starshine\"\" and \"\"Jean\"\", The Shirelles, and Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels, among many others. In 1974, he moved to Scotch Plains, New Jersey with his wife and son. Hutch Davie Robert Bunyan Davie III (born c.1932), known as Bob \"\"Hutch\"\" Davie and sometimes credited as Bun Davie, Budd McCoy, Clint Harmon or Chuck Harmon, is an orchestra leader, arranger, pianist, and composer of popular music. He composed the song \"\"Green Door\"\", and led the orchestra which backed Jim Lowe on the best-selling version of the song in 1956. Davie was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the only", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12968264", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning (Kanye West song)\"\nlayers of keyboards at the arrival of the atmospheric refrain. \"\"Good Morning\"\" is simplistic in its gentle chorus, where West repeats the title of the track four times. Following each repetition of the titular phrase are haunting choral chants which are in turn accented by subtle instrumental fills. The echoing synth line from the introduction is accompanied by dreamy synth-chords. The song's hook retains wafting vocal harmonies composed with the use of wordless falsetto vocal samples from the recording \"\"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\"\" by English singer and pianist Elton John. West's style of rapping is slick and keenly aggressive", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4216984", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\nan apartment in Bel Aire, CA. The opening scene begins with panoramic camera shots of a helicopter flying over Los Angeles (specifically around Staples Center), at night. Then during Rick Ross's verse the female members of the group appear posing in the background while Ross raps for the camera. Swizz Beatz and Rico Love make cameos alongside Ross. In a third scene, Diddy can be seen driving through the city at night in a black Bugatti Veyron. For the song's chorus, Dawn Richard and Kalenna Harper take the lead, ordering drinks in a bar and enjoying the night club. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17793031", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Good Morning\"\nby the coda of \"\"Caroline, No\"\" that ended The Beach Boys' \"\"Pet Sounds\"\" album, one of the main inspirations for this whole album. They begin with the crow of a rooster, while the other animal sounds heard at the end of the song include birds, a cat, a dog, a cow, a horse, a sheep, a lion, an elephant, and a group of bloodhounds accompanying fox hunters on horseback with horns blasting. The rapid 16th note bass drum fills were done on two bass drums according to \"\"The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions\"\" by Mark Lewisohn. The length of the mono", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3709058", "chunk_text": "\"A Beautiful Morning\"\nin \"\"The First Wives Club\"\". The song was also used in the 1993 movie \"\"A Bronx Tale\"\" opening the racetrack scene, as well as on \"\"Arrow\"\" at the end of the eighteenth episode of the fifth season, titled \"\"Disbanded.\"\" A Beautiful Morning \"\"A Beautiful Morning\"\" is a song written by Felix Cavaliere and Eddie Brigati and recorded by the Rascals. Coming out in early 1968, it was the group's first single released under that name rather than the Young Rascals. The song continued the theme of carefree optimism that had distinguished the previous year's \"\"Groovin'\"\". The song was a big", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4241388", "chunk_text": "\"Todd Cerney\"\nCerney died in Nashville, Tennessee on March 14, 2011 from melanoma, a disease with which he had first been diagnosed with in November 2010, following a brain seizure. He was 57 years old. The following is a list of Todd Cerney compositions that were chart hits. Todd Cerney Todd Cerney (August 8, 1953 – March 14, 2011) was an American songwriter and musician. He composed \"\"Good Morning Beautiful\"\", a 2002 five-week country number one (Billboard) hit for Steve Holy (co-written with Zack Lyle); \"\"The Blues Is My Business\"\" (co-written with Kevin Bowe), part of Etta James' 2003 Grammy Award winning", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16207321", "chunk_text": "\"Hello Good Morning\"\nmoney. Three official remixes were released alongside the main single: the Official Remix with Rick Ross & Nicki Minaj, the \"\"Grime Remix\"\" with Skepta, and a \"\"Team UK remix\"\" with Tinchy Stryder and Tinie Tempah. Critics noted the track as one of the better songs from \"\"Last Train to Paris\"\", particularly for Danja's production, but criticized the lyrics for being superficial and for lacking substance. \"\"Hello Good Morning\"\" was promoted with several live television performances including on season nine of \"\"American Idol\"\" and \"\"Friday Night with Jonathan Ross\"\", amongst others. An accompanying music video, filmed by Hype Williams, features Diddy–Dirty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18237731", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Britain (song)\"\nGood Morning Britain (song) \"\"Good Morning Britain\"\" is a single by the Scottish band Aztec Camera featuring the Big Audio Dynamite and former The Clash guitarist Mick Jones. It was released as the second single from their 1990 studio album \"\"Stray\"\". The song was written by Roddy Frame. The song is a protest song, listing in its early verses the way that British authorities have marginalised the Celtic communities of Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. It then continues by implying that it is not the fault of England, and that its citizens are similarly being marginalised, before ending with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5440097", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\nfirst American album, \"\"For Your Love\"\". Later, in his autobiography, Clapton described the early recordings: The group recorded a live version at the Marquee Club in London, which was released on the British debut album, \"\"Five Live Yardbirds\"\", in December 1964. On the live version, Clapton and bassist Paul Samwell-Smith provided the vocals instead of lead singer Keith Relf. The Yardbirds single version was credited to \"\"Demarais\"\" or \"\"H.G. Demarais\"\" (Dee Marais, a Shreveport, Louisiana, record label owner/distributor and business associate of Leonard Chess), although some later reissues list Sonny Boy Williamson as the songwriter. Album credits for live version", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20867508", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Starshine\"\nGood Morning Starshine \"\"Good Morning Starshine\"\" is a pop song from the musical \"\"Hair\"\" (1967). It was a No. 3 hit in the United States in July 1969 and a No. 6 hit in the United Kingdom in October 1969, for the singer Oliver. The chorus makes extensive use of apparent nonsense words: \"\"Glibby gloop gloopy, Nibby Nabby Noopy, La La La Lo Lo. Sabba Sibby Sabba, Nooby abba Nabba Le Le Lo Lo. Tooby ooby walla, nooby abba nabba, Early mornin' singin' song.\"\" \"\"Good Morning Starshine\"\" is a song from the second act of the musical, \"\"Hair\"\" (1967). The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4691685", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\nIn A Woodpile (1998), Gov't Mule (2012), and Widespread Panic (2012). Motörhead (live only). The Allman Brothers Band played it in the first set of their final concert at the Beacon Theater in New York on October 28, 2014. Good Morning, School Girl \"\"Good Morning, School Girl\"\" is a blues standard which has been identified as an influential part of the blues canon. Pre-war Chicago blues vocalist and harmonica pioneer John Lee \"\"Sonny Boy\"\" Williamson first recorded it in 1937. Subsequently, a variety of artists have recorded versions of the song, usually calling it \"\"Good Morning Little Schoolgirl\"\". Sonny Boy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20602725", "chunk_text": "\"Happy Birthday to You\"\nHappy Birthday to You \"\"Happy Birthday to You\"\", also known as \"\"Happy Birthday\"\", is a song traditionally sung to celebrate the anniversary of a person's birth. According to the 1998 \"\"Guinness World Records\"\", it is the most recognized song in the English language, followed by \"\"For He's a Jolly Good Fellow\"\". The song's base lyrics have been translated into at least 18 languages. The melody of \"\"Happy Birthday to You\"\" comes from the song \"\"Good Morning to All\"\", which has traditionally been attributed to American sisters Patty and Mildred J. Hill in 1893, although the claim that the sisters composed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18318991", "chunk_text": "\"Good Morning Revival\"\ncohesive.\"\" All songs by Benji Madden, Joel Madden and Don Gilmore, except where noted. Bonus tracks Personnel per booklet. Good Charlotte Additional musicians Production The album has achieved spots on album charts in many countries. Good Charlotte have achieved top 10 chart debuts in thirteen countries, making \"\"Good Morning Revival\"\" their highest international chart positions ever. Album Peak chart positions Note: for all the certification definitions see: Certifications Citations Sources Good Morning Revival Good Morning Revival (stylized as Good Morning Revival.) is the fourth studio album by American pop punk band Good Charlotte and the follow-up to the 2004 release", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15060957", "chunk_text": "\"The Morning (song)\"\nThe Morning (song) \"\"The Morning\"\" is a song by recording artists Raekwon, Pusha T, Common, 2 Chainz, Cyhi the Prynce, Kid Cudi and D'banj from the 2012 GOOD Music album \"\"Cruel Summer\"\", which features uncredited vocals from Kanye West. A remix was released by 2 Chainz titled \"\"G.O.O.D. Morning\"\". The song contains elements of 1956 recording Get Me to the Church on Time\"\". Pusha took to the online site \"\"Genius\"\" to annotate his lines: \"\"Some claim God body, blame Illuminati/All cause his pockets now knotty as his hair, yeah\"\". The inspiration behind the label and its name was explained by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9276967", "chunk_text": "\"Oh Happy Day\"\nOh Happy Day \"\"Oh Happy Day\"\" is a 1967 gospel music arrangement of an 18th-century hymn by clergyman Philip Doddridge. Recorded by the Edwin Hawkins Singers, it became an international hit in 1969, reaching No. 4 on the US Singles Chart, No. 1 in France, Germany, and the Netherlands and No. 2 on the Canadian Singles Chart, UK Singles Chart, and Irish Singles Chart. It has since become a gospel music standard. The recording begins with a muted piano, drum, and bass backing lead singer Dorothy Combs Morrison on the left-hand stereo channel, then alternates twice with a full-throated chorus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3287	what was the purpose of the mall of america?	n/a	[ "shopping" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981050", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nMall of America The Mall of America (commonly, locally known as \"\"MOA\"\") is a shopping mall located in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States (a suburb of the Twin Cities). It lies southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 77, north of the Minnesota River, and across the Interstate from the Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport. Opened in 1992, it is the largest mall in the United States in terms of total floor area (including Nickelodeon Universe), the fifth largest mall in North America in terms of leaseable space, and the twelfth largest in the world. The mall is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981071", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nand an unconstitutional overreach. The Mall of America was used as a filming location for various movies and television shows, including: Mall of America The Mall of America (commonly, locally known as \"\"MOA\"\") is a shopping mall located in Bloomington, Minnesota, United States (a suburb of the Twin Cities). It lies southeast of the junction of Interstate 494 and Minnesota State Highway 77, north of the Minnesota River, and across the Interstate from the Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport. Opened in 1992, it is the largest mall in the United States in terms of total floor area (including Nickelodeon Universe), the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981053", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nof America opened its doors to the public on August 11, 1992. Its anchors were Nordstrom, Macy’s, Bloomingdale's and Sears. Even before opening, the mall had earned several nicknames, including \"\"The Megamall\"\", \"\"Sprawl of America\"\", \"\"Hugedale\"\"—in reference to the four major \"\"dale\"\" shopping malls within the Twin Cities: Rosedale, Southdale, Ridgedale, and the now-defunct Brookdale. Mall of America became the largest shopping mall in total area and largest in total store vendors in the United States when it opened. The Mall of America's 42 million annual visitors equal roughly eight times the population of the state of Minnesota. , the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981051", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nmanaged by the Triple Five Group (which in turn is owned by Canada's Ghermezian family, along with the West Edmonton Mall and the future American Dream Meadowlands). Eighty percent of visitors to the Mall of America are from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Illinois, Ohio, and Canada. The mall's concept was designed by the Triple Five Group, owned by the Ghermezian brothers, who also own the largest shopping mall in North America, the West Edmonton Mall. The Mall of America is located on the site of the former Metropolitan Stadium, where the Minnesota Vikings and Minnesota Twins played until", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1577323", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nthe Mall of America. The Theatres at Mall of America (Initially run by General Cinemas, bought out then rebranded by AMC Theatres, and eventually operated by mall management) occupied the south side of the fourth floor through December 2016, when it closed permanently. It was replaced by Cinemex subsidiary CMX Cinemas in fall 2017. Nickelodeon Universe is an indoor theme park in the center of the mall. The park features roller coasters, among numerous other rides and attractions, and is the largest indoor theme park in the United States. Unlike many indoor amusement parks, Nickelodeon Universe has a great deal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981056", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nand an additional of retail space. The project broke ground in the fall of 2013 and began opening in stages in the summer of 2015. In March 2014, ground was broken on the mall's north side for the $104 million, 14-story JW Marriott hotel, owned and financed by the Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community. In 2018, it was announced that MOA had proposed to build an indoor water park, with a cost between $150 to $200 million for the project. The Mall of America has a gross area of or , enough to fit seven Yankee Stadiums inside, with available as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981055", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nSimon, citing fiduciary responsibility. On November 3, 2006, the Ghermezians gained full control of Mall of America by spending US$1 billion. On May 18, 2008, the Mall of America received a tax break for a proposed $2 billion expansion. The bill gave the city of Bloomington the ability to increase taxes on sales, lodging and food and beverages to finance a parking ramp at the mall. On March 24, 2012, the Triple Five Group announced the start of a $200 million expansion that would build into the north parking lot of the mall. The plans called for an additional hotel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981060", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\n# 1, Rick Bronson's House of Comedy, GameWorks, Dick's Last Resort, CMX Cinemas, and the first U.S. location of SMAAASH, a virtual reality sports entertainment center. During its run as an all-encompassing entertainment and retail venue, certain aspects, particularly its bars, have come under scrutiny. In early-2000 a Mardi Gras-themed bar, Fat Tuesday, shut its doors due to indecent exposure and alcohol-related offenses. On November 29, 2011, Google announced indoor maps for Mall of America along with several other places like airports, parks and public spaces. On January 3, 2012, Macy's Inc. announced it would close its Bloomingdale's location at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981057", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nretail space. The mall is nearly symmetric, with a roughly rectangular floor plan. More than 530 stores are arranged along three levels of pedestrian walkways on the sides of the rectangle, with a fourth level on the east side. Four anchor department stores are located at the corners. The mall is organized into four different zones, each of those zones had its own decorative style until a series of renovations from 2010 to 2015 led to a unified and more luxurious style, as well as to coincide with the mall's first major expansion. Despite Minnesota's cold winters, only the mall's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981054", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nmall employed over 11,000 workers year-round and 13,000 during peak seasons. In 2003, after a protracted six-year legal battle between Simon Property Group, the managing general partner of the property, and the Ghermezian brothers/Triple Five Group, over majority ownership of the site, a federal appeals court ruled in favor of the Ghermezians, effectively transferring control and planning authority of the mall back to the creator of the concept. The dispute stemmed from a 1999 purchase of Teacher's Insurance's 27.5% equity stake by Simon Properties, giving them majority ownership. The Ghermezians claimed they were never told of the deal and sued", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19183058", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of the Americas\"\nMall of the Americas Mall of the Americas is an enclosed shopping mall located at 7795 West Flagler Street next to the Palmetto Expressway in Miami, Florida. Major stores at the mall include Foot Locker, Old Navy, Ross Dress for Less, Marshalls, The Home Depot, and a Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles office. At its grand opening in 1970, it was known as Midway Mall. The name change to Mall of the Americas took place in December 1987. Former anchor department stores included Richard's, Jefferson Ward and Woolco, all of which closed in the 1980s. The Woolco", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981052", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nthe Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome opened in 1982. A plaque in the mall's amusement park commemorates the former location of home plate, and one seat from Met Stadium was placed in Mall of America at the exact location it occupied in the stadium, commemorating a home run hit by hall-of-famer Harmon Killebrew on June 3, 1967. In 1986, the Bloomington Port Authority signed an agreement with the Ghermezian organization. Groundbreaking for the mall took place on June 14, 1989. Organizations involved include Melvin Simon and Associates, Teachers Insurance and Annuity (a.k.a. TIAA) and the office of architect Jon Jerde. Mall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19722785", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America Tycoon\"\nMall of America Tycoon Mall of America Tycoon is a business simulation game in which the player must successfully create and run a mall. The mall is based on the real Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota. The player must manage the mall's income, store contracts, and special event days in order to create a successful mall. However, unlike other tycoon computer game, there is a way to win a freeplay game. Created by Activision Value, this program was simply an updated version of Mall Tycoon, though created and published by different corporations. The player starts out with an empty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381425", "chunk_text": "\"Shopping mall\"\nwas created away from downtown. Early shopping centers designed for the automobile include Market Square, Lake Forest, Illinois (1916), and Country Club Plaza, Kansas City, Missouri (1924). From early on, the design tended to be inward-facing, with malls following theories of how customers could best be enticed in a controlled environment. Similar, the concept of a mall having one or more \"\"anchor stores\"\" or \"\"big box stores\"\" was pioneered early, with individual stores or smaller-scale chain stores intended to benefit from the shoppers attracted by the big stores. Mall construction in America was encouraged by the accelerated depreciation laws of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5614753", "chunk_text": "\"National Mall\"\nhospital known as Armory Square Hospital to house Union Army casualties. After the war ended, the Armory building became the home of the United States Fish Commission. The United States Congress established the United States Department of Agriculture in 1862 during the Civil War. Designed by Adolf Cluss and Joseph von Kammerhueber, the United States Department of Agriculture Building (No. 25 on the map), was constructed in 1867–1868 on a 35-acre site on the Mall. After the war ended, the Department started growing experimental crops and demonstration gardens on the Mall. These gardens extended from the Department's building on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981066", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\naid, defensive tactics, crisis intervention, terrorism awareness, and rapid response. As Doug Reynolds, the Security Director at the mall, noted in a congressional testimony in 2008, BDOs are taught to \"\"look for intent, rather than means. The objective is to focus on suspicious indicators in three categories: People, vehicles and unattended items like backpacks, shopping bags, suitcases.\"\" This methodology has prepared the mall for a variety of threats, both from terrorists and everyday criminals. In 2010, it was noted that mall security officials were instructed to question or detain individuals exhibiting what they deemed \"\"suspicious behavior\"\". Signs of suspicious behavior", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981059", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nan additional 1,200–1,500 spaces, and 1,407 spaces are provided by IKEA. Level One is the location of Nickelodeon Universe amusement park (formerly Camp Snoopy), and first level of general retail which includes Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium, Hard Rock Cafe, Lego Store, American Girl Place, Apple Store, Barnes & Noble, Fabletics, Nordstrom, Sears, Macy's, and Microsoft Store, Level Two features restaurants, shopping, MOA® Moments, and the first Verizon Wireless Destination Store. Level Three has two food courts with more than 20 fast food and full service restaurants, mini-golf, shopping, and Crayola Experience. Level Four is the entertainment level with Hooters, Cantina", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5614757", "chunk_text": "\"National Mall\"\nof the new land, which become West Potomac Park, expanded the Mall southward and westward (see 1893 map above). In 1902, the McMillan Commission's plan, which was partially inspired by the City Beautiful Movement and which purportedly extended L'Enfant's plan, called for a radical redesign of the Mall that would replace its greenhouses, gardens, trees, and commercial/industrial facilities with an open space. The plan differed from L'Enfant's by replacing the wide \"\"grand avenue\"\" with a wide vista containing a long and broad expanse of grass. Four rows of American elm (Ulmus americana) trees planted fifty feet apart between two paths", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14277057", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie L. Whitten Building\"\nA. Knapp, while the west bridge commemorates Agriculture Secretary James Wilson. Jamie L. Whitten Building The U.S. Department of Agriculture Administration Building, also known as the Jamie L. Whitten Building, houses the administrative offices of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. The Administration Building projects into the National Mall from the larger U.S. Department of Agriculture South Building, and is the only building on the Mall that is not intended for use by the general public. It was the first large Beaux-Arts style building in Washington and set the prototype for the later buildings of the Federal Triangle.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981064", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nDowntown Minneapolis via MSP Airport and Hiawatha Avenue (operated by Metro Transit), and the northern terminus of the METRO Red Line (BRT) to Lakeville (operated by the Minnesota Valley Transit Authority). Both agencies also operate many local bus services to the Transit Station, and many area hotels along with the Mystic Lake Casino offer free shuttles to their establishments. The mall is not a park and ride facility, and overnight parking is banned to prevent passengers taking the train to the airport. Commuters are required to use the nearby 28th Avenue Station's parking ramp. The Mall of America Transit Station", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "601906", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America station\"\nMall of America station The Mall of America station is the busiest transit hub/station in Minnesota, with bus and light rail service linking the Mall of America to many destinations in the Minneapolis – St. Paul metro. Public transit service is provided by Metro Transit and the Minnesota Valley Transit Authority. The station is served by METRO Blue Line and Red Line. Many area hotels and Mystic Lake Casino offer free shuttles to their establishments. A $25 million upgrade to the station has been proposed. The transit station for local bus/rail service is in the lower level of the eastern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12388868", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of the Americas\"\nno mall access. In October 2015, it was announced that part of the north wing of the mall would be demolished to make room for Costco Wholesale, which is relocating to the mall. As a result, the AMC Theatres closed in December 2015. As of June 1, 2016, the north wing of the mall has been demolished, and a newly constructed Costco building and gas station stand in its place. As of 2018, the mall faces an uncertain future. On August 13, 2009, a 43-year old woman set herself on fire at the mall, leading to its temporary closure. Mall", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19618902", "chunk_text": "\"Shopping mall\"\nthe concept of the \"\"vertical mall,\"\" in which space allocated to retail is configured over a number of stories accessible by elevators and/or escalators (usually both) linking the different levels of the mall. The challenge of this type of mall is to overcome the natural tendency of shoppers to move horizontally and encourage shoppers to move upwards and downwards. The concept of a vertical mall was originally conceived in the late 1960s by the Mafco Company, former shopping center development division of Marshall Field & Co. The Water Tower Place skyscraper, Chicago, Illinois, was built in 1975 by Urban Retail", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381436", "chunk_text": "\"Shopping mall\"\nHills in New Jersey, indoor fountains, and two levels allowing a shopper to make a circuit of all the stores. Taubman believed carpeting increased friction, slowing down customers, so it was removed. Fading daylight through glass panels was supplemented by gradually increased electric lighting, making it seem like the afternoon was lasting longer, which encouraged shoppers to linger. The size of shopping centers and malls continued to increase throughout the twentieth and into the twenty-first centuries. With approximately , the Ala Moana Center in Honolulu, Hawaii was one of the largest malls in the United States when it opened for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17678377", "chunk_text": "\"L'Enfant Plaza Hotel\"\nIt is set to reopen in 2019 as the Hilton Washington DC National Mall. In 1946, the United States Congress passed the District of Columbia Redevelopment Act, which established the District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency and provided for clearance of land and redevelopment funds in the capital. After a decade of discussion, public comment, legal battles, and negotiations with landowners and developers, the Southwest Urban Renewal Plan was approved in November 1956. New York City developer William Zeckendorf proposed a grand mall along 10th Street SW, extending from Independence Avenue SW to end at a traffic circle at G", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981058", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nentrances and some below ground areas are heated. Heat is allowed in through skylights above the central amusement park area. The majority of the heat is produced by lighting fixtures, other electric devices, and people in the mall. In fact, even during the winter, air conditioning systems may still be in use during peak hours to ensure a comfortable shopping environment. Although the common areas are unheated, the individual stores do have heating systems. Two nearly identical seven-story parking ramps on the east and west sides of the mall provide 12,287 parking spaces. Overflow parking north of the building provides", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981068", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nfrom Duluth were arrested on site for trespassing. In February 2015, the Al-Shabaab militant group also released a propaganda video calling for attacks on the Mall of America and other Western shopping centers. Although the group had never launched attacks in North America, security at the mall was tightened in response and Homeland Security issued a one-day alert to shoppers to remain vigilant. On December 21, 2014, thousands of protesters attended an unauthorized demonstration organized by Black Lives Matter in the mall's rotunda. The demonstration was in response to the Michael Brown fatal shooting in Ferguson, Missouri, and the then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16255466", "chunk_text": "\"Old Chicago\"\nMajor League Baseball stadium for the Chicago White Sox - would all fail and the building was demolished in the spring of 1986. Director Brian De Palma filmed scenes from his 1978 supernatural thriller film \"\"The Fury\"\" at Old Chicago. The concept of an amusement park inside a mall emerged years later at two famous malls—West Edmonton Mall in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (Galaxyland), and Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota (Nickelodeon Universe), as well as Adventuredome at Circus Circus in Las Vegas, and Ferrari World in Abu Dhabi. The Mall of America's amusement park was originally operated by the company", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15190107", "chunk_text": "Tribeca\nwere clustered in a district which was displaced by the building of the World Trade Center – sporting goods, shoes, and church supplies. Eventually, in the 20th century, after the construction of the Holland Tunnel from 1920 to 1927, and the transition of freight shipping from ships and railroads to trucks, the truck traffic generated by the market and other businesses caused considerable congestion in the area, which provoked the building between 1929 and 1951 of the Miller Highway, an elevated roadway which came to be called the West Side Highway, the purpose of which was to handle through automobile", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7668135", "chunk_text": "\"Arlington Memorial Bridge\"\nend of the National Mall, an area also known as West Potomac Park. Almost none of the National Mall west of the Washington Monument grounds and below Constitution Avenue NW existed prior to 1882. After terrible flooding inundated much of downtown Washington, D.C., in 1881, Congress ordered the Army Corps of Engineers to dredge a deep channel in the Potomac and use the material to fill in the Potomac shoreline (creating the current banks of the river) and raise this and much of the land near the White House and along Pennsylvania Avenue NW by nearly to prevent future flooding.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19616812", "chunk_text": "\"Christiana Mall\"\nwere Cherry Hill Mall, Moorestown Mall, Plymouth Meeting Mall, The Gallery at Market East, Exton Square Mall and Echelon Mall. Rouse's strategy in the trade was to upgrading their assets. By acquiring Christiana, which is one of the top-production malls in the United States, Rouse achieved this mission while shedding properties that better fit into PREIT's portfolio. The first renovation and expansion of the mall was completed in 1991. It consisted of the triangular Wanamaker's concourses extending from Macy's and JCPenney. Where the two converged was an atrium of full-ceiling skylights and a new fountain, becoming the new center court", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19381432", "chunk_text": "\"Shopping mall\"\nopened in the Twin Cities suburb of Edina, Minnesota, United States in October 1956. For pioneering the soon-to-be enormously popular mall concept in this form, Gruen has been called the \"\"most influential architect of the twentieth century\"\" by Malcolm Gladwell. The first retail complex to be promoted as a \"\"mall\"\" was Paramus, New Jersey's Bergen Mall. The center, which opened with an open-air format in 1957, was enclosed in 1973. Aside from Southdale Center, significant early enclosed shopping malls were Harundale Mall (1958), in Glen Burnie, Maryland, Big Town Mall (1959), in Mesquite, Texas, Chris-Town Mall (1961), in Phoenix, Arizona,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981065", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nis undergoing a study to increase efficiency and capacities, and to provide a better experience for its users. Estimates for the upgrade are approximately $20 million. The Mall of America's security program is unique and in many ways the first of its kind. Michael Rozin, who used to be employed as the mall's Special Operations Security Captain, developed and implemented a behavior detection unit specifically focused on mitigating the threat of terrorism and enhancing counter-terrorism capabilities. Behavior Detection Officers (BDOs) are trained extensively in Israel, each one going through at least 240 hours of training that includes communication techniques, first", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "601907", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America station\"\nparking ramp. The station was built in the early 1990s. It has a utilitarian design with basic finishes. Met Council member Steve Elkins said in a council meeting, “It’s just dark and dank, and not really safe or inviting.” The mall is the southern terminus of the METRO Blue Line and is the northern terminus of the METRO Red Line. The Blue Line light rail connects the mall to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport and downtown Minneapolis, while the Red Line connects the mall to Eagan and Apple Valley. The mall is not a park and ride facility. Overnight parking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4332890", "chunk_text": "\"Central Park Mall\"\nCentral Park Mall The Central Park Mall is a pedestrian esplanade in Central Park, in Manhattan, New York City. The mall, leading to Bethesda Fountain, provides the only purely formal feature in the naturalistic original plan of Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux for Central Park. The Mall was designed so that a carriage could disgorge its passengers at the south end, then drive round and pick them up again overlooking Bethesda Terrace, whose view of the Lake and Ramble formed the \"\"ultimatum of interest\"\" in Olmsted and Vaux's vision. With no need for redoubling their steps, fashionable New Yorkers,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4487206", "chunk_text": "\"Disney's America\"\nDisney's America Disney's America was a planned theme park that was to have been built by The Walt Disney Company in the early 1990s. The park was planned to be built near Haymarket, Virginia, only from the site of the Manassas National Battlefield Park near Interstate 66 west of Washington, D. C. Announced in November 1993, the park was to have been dedicated to the history of the United States and was scheduled to open by 1998 with a $650 million (equivalent to $ in ) planned budget. Amid opposition from citizen's groups, however, the project was canceled in September", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5614748", "chunk_text": "\"National Mall\"\nwest and east to the United States Capitol grounds, with the Washington Monument dividing the area slightly west of its midpoint. A smaller designation sometimes referred to as the \"\"National Mall (proper)\"\" excludes both the Capitol grounds and the Washington Monument grounds, applying only to an area between them. The National Mall contains and borders a number of museums of the Smithsonian Institution, art galleries, cultural institutions, and various memorials, sculptures, and statues. The park receives approximately 24 million visitors each year. In his 1791 plan for the future city of Washington, D.C., Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant envisioned a garden-lined", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981063", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\n4,500 sea creatures including sharks, turtles, stingrays, and many more. Sea Life Minnesota Aquarium offers special events such as sleepovers, scuba diving, snorkeling, and birthday parties. The Mall recently added Crayola Experience and FlyOver America to the list of family attractions. In the lower level of the eastern parking ramp is the Mall of America Transit Station, the busiest transit hub in Minnesota with services to and from many destinations in the Minneapolis – St. Paul metropolitan area. The Transit Station contains two stops on the Metro Transit network: the southern terminus of the METRO Blue Line (light rail) to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4913292", "chunk_text": "\"Destiny USA\"\nDestiny USA Destiny USA (previously known as Carousel Center, 1990–2012) is a six-story super-regional shopping and entertainment complex on the shore of Onondaga Lake in Syracuse, New York. Main anchor stores include J. C. Penney, Macy's, and Lord & Taylor. Other major stores include At Home, Best Buy, Dick's Sporting Goods, Forever 21, DSW, Old Navy, Nordstrom Rack, Saks Fifth Avenue Off 5th, and TJ Maxx. The mall, which opened on October 15, 1990, has six above-ground floors and one underground floor, though only the lower three and the underground floor are retail. The fourth floor is primarily center offices.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "902098", "chunk_text": "PlazAmericas\nbecame a threat to the mall's success, and consequently Frank Sharp decided to donate a 300 ft (91 m) wide strip of land to build the Southwest Freeway (Interstate 69/U.S. Route 59) through his development. Because it was Houston's first air conditioned mall—a luxury given Houston's historically unpredictable weather, many Houston residents residing in the central part of the city wanted to experience the \"\"mall of the future\"\", hence the traffic concerns. Another unique aspect of the mall within its corridors was the Clock of Texas diorama, an animated look at the history of Texas through the centuries. Sharp would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14319374", "chunk_text": "\"Andrew Jackson Downing\"\nto house the new institution was started on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. James Renwick's Norman-style building stimulated a move to landscape the Mall in a manner consistent with the romantic character of the Smithsonian's building. President Millard Fillmore commissioned Downing to create a plan that would redeem the Mall from its physical neglect. Downing presented his plan for the National Mall to the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution on February 27, 1851. The plan was a radical departure from the geometric, classical design for the Mall that Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant had placed in his 1791 plan for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5520835", "chunk_text": "\"Palisades Center\"\n2001. In May 2009, mall management announced that the then-101-year-old carousel would be disassembled and removed the following month and was replaced by a modern double-decker Venetian carousel. Palisades Center Palisades Center, often referred to as the Palisades Mall, in West Nyack, New York is the second-largest shopping mall in the New York metropolitan area, the eighth-largest in the United States by total area, and sixth-largest by gross leasable space. Built in the industrial style, the mall houses more than 200 stores and receives 20 million visitors a year. It is also one of the nation's most lucrative malls, producing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14277053", "chunk_text": "\"Jamie L. Whitten Building\"\nJamie L. Whitten Building The U.S. Department of Agriculture Administration Building, also known as the Jamie L. Whitten Building, houses the administrative offices of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C. The Administration Building projects into the National Mall from the larger U.S. Department of Agriculture South Building, and is the only building on the Mall that is not intended for use by the general public. It was the first large Beaux-Arts style building in Washington and set the prototype for the later buildings of the Federal Triangle. The east and west wings were the first Federal office buildings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19722786", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America Tycoon\"\nmall, on which they must develop their mall. Options for building include the normal stores and restaurants, but also other items commonly found in malls, such as benches and small plant life. The mall must be developed in such a way that it is profitable, allowing one to add more items. For example, the player can schedule promotions such as the Day of Discounts to draw more people into the mall. Also, a new attraction at Camp Snoopy, the large amusement park in the center of the mall can help attract more people to the mall. After the player develops", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5614756", "chunk_text": "\"National Mall\"\ndesigned in 1885, opened on the Mall at northwest corner of B Street SW (now Independence Avenue SW) and 7th Street SW. The Smithsonian Institution's Hirshhorn Museum now occupies the site of the building, which was demolished in 1968. Meanwhile, in order to clean up the Potomac Flats and to make the Potomac River more navigable, in 1882 Congress authorized the Army Corps of Engineers to dredge the river. The Corps used the sediment removed from the shipping channel to fill in the flats. The work started in 1882 and continued until 1911, creating 628 new acres of land. Part", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19618888", "chunk_text": "\"Shopping mall\"\nThe fourth largest shopping mall in the world is SM City North EDSA in Quezon City, Philippines with a gross floor area of and the fifth largest shopping mall is 1 Utama in Malaysia at of gross floor area. The most visited shopping mall in the world and largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America, located near the Twin Cities in Bloomington, Minnesota. However, several Asian malls are advertised as having more visitors, including Mal Taman Anggrek, Kelapa Gading Mall and Pluit Village, all in Jakarta, Indonesia; Berjaya Times Square in Malaysia; SM City North EDSA,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18981067", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of America\"\nincluded photographing air-conditioning ducts, or signs that a shopper was hiding something. At the time, some officials within the Bloomington Police Department worried that the mall's security methods may infringe on rights. In 2011, NPR's \"\"All Things Considered\"\" and \"\"Morning Edition\"\" and PBS's Newshour both aired programs documenting security abuses by the mall's security personnel. On December 31, 2013, members from the First Nations protest movement Idle No More attempted to repeat a successful Native-American round dance held at the mall in 2012, but failed after being stopped by mall security. Organizers of the dance, Patricia Shepard and Reyna Crow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18326189", "chunk_text": "\"Mall Cops: Mall of America\"\nMall of America safe for shoppers, one weirdo at a time, isn't as exciting as you might think\"\"\"\" Mall Cops: Mall of America Mall Cops: Mall of America is an American reality television series that follows the work of the security team at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, the second largest mall in North America. The series was originally just a special one-hour event, however due to the popularity TLC decided to commission a twelve-part series of half an hour length. The special aired on October 15, 2009 with the series debuting on May 27, 2010. It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1089896", "chunk_text": "\"McMillan Plan\"\nMcMillan Plan The McMillan Plan (formally titled The Report of the Senate Park Commission. The Improvement of the Park System of the District of Columbia) is a comprehensive planning document for the development of the monumental core and the park system of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. It was written in 1902 by the Senate Park Commission. The commission is popularly known as the McMillan Commission after its chairman, Senator James McMillan of Michigan. The McMillan Plan proposed eliminating the Victorian landscaping of the National Mall and replacing it with a simple expanse of grass, narrowing the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19183059", "chunk_text": "\"Mall of the Americas\"\nstore was converted in 1983 to a discount clothing store called Winston's. After falling to 30 percent occupancy, the mall was re-tenanted to target a middle-class Latin American clientele. This renovation added discount anchors such as Marshalls, plus an L. Luria & Sons and The Home Depot, the latter of which took the former Woolco after Winston's closed. The mall was also renamed Mall of the Americas, and an eight-screen AMC Theatres multiplex was added. Another notable tenant after the redevelopment was the first Forever 21 clothing store outside the chain's home base of California, however it is now closed.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3288	who has the biggest airport in the us?	n/a	[ "Atlanta" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17450139", "chunk_text": "\"Denver International Airport\"\nDenver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3343497", "chunk_text": "\"Los Angeles International Airport\"\ngovernment of Los Angeles, formerly known as the Department of Airports. Covering 3,500 acres (1,416 ha) of land, LAX is also notable for its four parallel runways. In 2017, LAX handled 84,557,968 passengers, making it the world's fifth busiest and the United States' second busiest airport following Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. As the largest and busiest international airport on the U.S. West Coast, LAX is a major international gateway to the United States, and also serves a connection point for some passengers traveling internationally. The airport holds the record for the world's busiest origin and destination airport, since relative to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13716994", "chunk_text": "\"Logan International Airport\"\nLogan International Airport Logan International Airport , officially known as General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport and also commonly known as Boston Logan International Airport, is an international airport in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States (and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts). It covers , has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is the largest airport in both the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the New England region in terms of passenger volume and cargo handling, as well as the 17th-busiest airport in the United States, with 36.3 million total passengers in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1535854", "chunk_text": "\"John F. Kennedy International Airport\"\nJohn F. Kennedy International Airport John F. Kennedy International Airport (colloquially referred to as Kennedy Airport, JFK Airport, New York-JFK, or simply JFK or Kennedy) is the primary international airport serving New York City. It is the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America, the 22nd-busiest airport in the world, the sixth-busiest airport in the United States, and the busiest airport in the New York airport system. JFK handled just over 59 million passengers in 2017. Over ninety airlines operate from the airport, with nonstop or direct flights to destinations in all six inhabited continents. JFK is located in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "690113", "chunk_text": "\"Denver International Airport\"\naway than Stapleton International Airport, the airport it replaced. The distant location was chosen to avoid aircraft noise affecting developed areas, to accommodate a generous runway layout that would not be compromised by blizzards, and to allow for future expansion. The 52.4 square miles (136 km) of land occupied by the airport is more than one and a half times the size of Manhattan (33.6 sq mi or 87 km2). At 33,531 acres (136 km), DIA is by far the largest land area commercial airport in the United States. Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport is a distant second at 70 km", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9682418", "chunk_text": "Denver\nthan , making it the largest airport by land area in the United States and larger than the island of Manhattan. Denver serves as a major hub for United Airlines, is the headquarters for Frontier Airlines, and is the fastest-growing focus city for Southwest Airlines. As of 2017, Denver International Airport has been rated by Skytrax as the 28th best airport in the world, falling to second place in the United States behind only Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport. Skytrax also named DIA as the second best regional airport in North America for 2017, and the fourth best regional airport in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14672887", "chunk_text": "California\nbusiest airport in the world, and San Francisco International Airport (SFO), the 23rd busiest airport in the world, are major hubs for trans-Pacific and transcontinental traffic. There are about a dozen important commercial airports and many more general aviation airports throughout the state. California also has several important seaports. The giant seaport complex formed by the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach in Southern California is the largest in the country and responsible for handling about a fourth of all container cargo traffic in the United States. The Port of Oakland, fourth largest in the nation,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20606930", "chunk_text": "\"Philadelphia International Airport\"\nPhiladelphia International Airport Philadelphia International Airport , often referred to just by its IATA code PHL, is a major airport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, and is the largest airport in the Delaware Valley region and in the state. The airport is a major international hub for American and a regional cargo hub for UPS Airlines. Philadelphia International Airport is also a focus city for ultra low-cost airline Frontier. The airport has service to destinations in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East. As of Summer 2018, 133 total destinations will be served, including", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1573531", "chunk_text": "\"Air transportation in the United States\"\nto decrease congestion and thereby delays on the busy San Francisco Bay Area - Metro Los Angeles air corridor. Air transportation in the United States The United States has an extensive air transportation network. In 2013, there were 86 airports in the U.S. that annually handled over 1,000,000 passengers and twelve of the world's thirty busiest airports by passenger volume in 2014 were in the U.S. (down from 17 in 2004), including the world's busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In 2012, 88% of all traffic was through the 62 busiest airports in the country. In terms of cargo, in 2015,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20820140", "chunk_text": "\"Air transportation in the United States\"\nAir transportation in the United States The United States has an extensive air transportation network. In 2013, there were 86 airports in the U.S. that annually handled over 1,000,000 passengers and twelve of the world's thirty busiest airports by passenger volume in 2014 were in the U.S. (down from 17 in 2004), including the world's busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In 2012, 88% of all traffic was through the 62 busiest airports in the country. In terms of cargo, in 2015, eight of the world's thirty busiest airports were in the U.S., including the world's second busiest, Memphis International Airport.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13717038", "chunk_text": "\"Logan International Airport\"\ndue west of Logan, primarily accessed via Interstates I-90 and I-290. Logan International Airport Logan International Airport , officially known as General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport and also commonly known as Boston Logan International Airport, is an international airport in the East Boston neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States (and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts). It covers , has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is the largest airport in both the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the New England region in terms of passenger volume and cargo handling, as well as the 17th-busiest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "693109", "chunk_text": "\"Charlotte Douglas International Airport\"\nCharlotte Douglas International Airport Charlotte Douglas International Airport is a joint civil-military public international airport located in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Established in 1935 as Charlotte Municipal Airport, in 1954 the airport was renamed Douglas Municipal Airport after former Charlotte mayor Ben Elbert Douglas Sr., who had overseen the airport's construction. The airport gained its current name in 1982 and, as of September 2017, it is the second largest hub for American Airlines after Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, with service to 161 domestic and international destinations. As of 2016 it was the 11th busiest airport in the United States,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2431247", "chunk_text": "\"Aviation in the New York metropolitan area\"\n2014, about 1% of flights to the Port Authority-controlled airports use the Next Generation Air Transportation System, which relies on the Global Positioning System instead of radar. John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) is the major entry point for international arrivals in the United States, and it is the largest international air freight gateway in the nation by value of shipments. Sections of the airport have been a foreign trade zone since 1984. About 100 airlines from more than 50 countries operate flights to JFK. The JFK–London Heathrow route is the leading U.S. international airport pair with over 2.9 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19741586", "chunk_text": "\"El Paso International Airport\"\nEl Paso International Airport El Paso International Airport (, ) is a public airport four miles (6 km) northeast of downtown El Paso, in El Paso County, Texas, United States. It is the largest commercial airport in West Texas and southern New Mexico, handling 2,929,362 passengers in 2017. The airport is primarily for the El Paso–Las Cruces Combined Statistical Area. The City of El Paso built the first El Paso Municipal Airport near the east side of the Franklin Mountains in 1928. The airport was closed by 1945 and in more recent times has been home to the Jobe Concrete", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2270040", "chunk_text": "\"East Coast of the United States\"\nmain passenger rail service on the Seaboard. The \"\"Acela Express\"\" offers the only high-speed rail passenger service in the Americas. Between New York and Boston the \"\"Acela Express\"\" has up to a 54% share of the combined train and air passenger market. Some of the largest airports in the United States are located in states which lie in the East Coast of the United States, such as John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, Logan International Airport in Boston, Newark Liberty Airport in Newark, New Jersey, Philadelphia International Airport in Philadelphia, Baltimore–Washington International Airport near Baltimore, Washington-Dulles International Airport", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "690084", "chunk_text": "\"Bradley International Airport\"\nBradley International Airport Bradley International Airport is a civil/military airport in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. Owned and operated by the Connecticut Airport Authority, it is the second-largest airport in New England. The airport is about halfway between Hartford and Springfield. It is Connecticut's busiest commercial airport and the second-busiest airport in New England after Boston's Logan International Airport, with approximately 6.4 million total passengers in 2017. The four largest carriers at Bradley International Airport are Southwest, Delta, JetBlue, and American with market shares of 29%, 19%, 15%, and 14%, respectively. As a dual-use military facility with the U.S. Air Force, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16616867", "chunk_text": "\"San Francisco International Airport\"\nSan Francisco International Airport San Francisco International Airport is an international airport south of downtown San Francisco, California, United States, near Millbrae and San Bruno in unincorporated San Mateo County. It has flights to points throughout North America and is a major gateway to Europe and Asia. SFO is the largest airport in Northern California and the second-busiest in California and on the Western Coast of North America, after Los Angeles International Airport. In 2017, it was the seventh-busiest airport in the United States and the 24th-busiest in the world by passenger count. It is the fifth-largest hub for United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14975885", "chunk_text": "\"Transportation in Texas\"\nlargest domestic carrier in the United States began its operations at Dallas Love Field. and is still headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the second largest airline on the planet by number of passengers carried. Some of the other airports that are served by airlines include Dallas Love Field, Houston Hobby Airport, San Antonio International Airport, Austin-Bergstrom International Airport, El Paso International Airport, Lubbock International Airport, Midland International Airport Brownsville/South Padre Island International Airport, and Valley International Airport in Harlingen, TX. Part of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1822503", "chunk_text": "\"Portland International Airport\"\nPortland International Airport Portland International Airport is a joint civil-military airport and the largest airport in the U.S. state of Oregon that accounts for 90% of passenger travel and more than 95% of air cargo of the state. It is within Portland's city limits just south of the Columbia River in Multnomah County, by air and by highway northeast of downtown Portland. Portland International Airport is often referred to by its IATA airport code, PDX. The airport covers 3,000 acres (1,214 ha) of land. Portland International Airport has direct flights and connections to most major airports throughout the United States,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17450077", "chunk_text": "\"Orlando International Airport\"\nOrlando International Airport Orlando International Airport is a major public airport located six miles (10 km) southeast of Downtown Orlando, Florida, United States. In 2017, MCO handled 44,611,265 passengers, making it the busiest airport in the state of Florida and the eleventh-busiest airport in the United States. The airport serves as a hub for Silver Airways and a focus city for Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, and Spirit. Southwest is the airport's largest carrier by passengers carried. The airport also is a major international gateway for the mid-Florida region, with flights by foreign air carriers. At 13,302 acres (5,383 ha), MCO is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4074817", "chunk_text": "\"Eppley Airfield\"\nNorth Omaha Transit Center. Passenger access is located directly outside the central terminal. Eppley Airfield Eppley Airfield is a medium hub, international airport three miles northeast of downtown Omaha, Nebraska, in Douglas County, Nebraska, United States. It is the largest airport in Nebraska, serving ten times more passengers than all other Nebraska airports combined. The airport occupies and handles about 130 daily airline flights to 34 non-stop destinations with 8 airlines. Eppley had its busiest year in 2017, serving 4.6 million passengers. Eppley Airfield began as an extension of Levi Carter Park near East Omaha in 1925. That year, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7234377", "chunk_text": "\"Pittsburgh International Airport\"\nand 47th-busiest in the United States, serving 8,128,187 passengers in 2015. The airport has the second longest runway of a commercial airport in Pennsylvania at , Philadelphia International Airport's longest runway is 12,000 feet in length. It also undertook numerous renovations of facilities in the late 20th century to accommodate increased passenger traffic, upgrading the terminal. Until 2004, US Airways' second largest hub was at PIT. In 2010, the airline remained PIT's largest carrier (handling 26 percent of passengers). On October 17, 2015, US Airways merged with American Airlines to become the world's largest airline. The new American Airlines uses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20106768", "chunk_text": "\"John F. Kennedy International Airport\"\ndue to regulations by the United States government. When ranked by the value of shipments passing through it, JFK is the number three freight gateway in the United States (after the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of New York and New Jersey), and the number one international air freight gateway in the United States. Almost 21% of all U.S. international air freight by value and 9.6% by tonnage moved through JFK in 2008. The JFK air cargo complex is a Foreign Trade Zone, which legally lies outside the customs area of the United States. JFK is a major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7169415", "chunk_text": "\"Oakland International Airport\"\ndaily departures on peak-travel days of the week making it Southwests largest operation in California. Alaska Airlines combined with sister-carrier Horizon Air has been the second-busiest carrier at the airport through 2013. In January 2014, Delta overtook Alaska as the airport's No. 2 carrier. The city of Oakland looked into the construction of an airport starting in 1925. In 1927 the announcement of the Dole prize for a flight from California to Hawaii provided the incentive to purchase 680 acres in April 1927 for the airport. The 7,020-foot-long runway was the longest in the world at the time, and was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8595219", "chunk_text": "\"Transportation in California\"\npassenger count, respectively. San Diego, Oakland, John Wayne/Orange County, Sacramento, and San Jose are also among the 50 busiest airports in the United States. In total, there are about a dozen important commercial airports and many more general aviation airports throughout the state's 58 counties. The following table shows all California airports designated by the FAA as large hubs and medium hubs that have more than 3,000 enplanements annually: California also has several important seaports. The giant seaport complex formed by the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach in Southern California is the largest in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16000246", "chunk_text": "Texas\nin the United States, and sixth worldwide. American Airlines Group's American / American Eagle, the world's largest airline in total passengers-miles transported and passenger fleet size, uses DFW as its largest and main hub. It ranks as the largest airline in the United States by number of passengers carried domestically per year and the largest airline in the world by number of passengers carried.Southwest Airlines, headquartered in Dallas, has its operations at Dallas Love Field. Texas's second-largest air facility is Houston's George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH). It served as the largest hub for the former Continental Airlines, which was based", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3669028", "chunk_text": "\"History of Los Angeles International Airport\"\ndevelop the Central Terminal Area (CTA) of the airport to include streamlined passenger processing, public transportation and updated central utility plants. As of 2013, Los Angeles International Airport is the biggest airport in California. The multi-year project, originally projected to be completed in 2014, is ongoing as of February 2015, and is the largest public works project in Los Angeles history. On February 27, 2017, airport officials announced the $1.6-billion Midfield Satellite Concourse that will be an expansion of Tom Bradley International Terminal as part of the $14-billion improvement program. History of Los Angeles International Airport Los Angeles International Airport", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "255324", "chunk_text": "\"Transportation in the United States\"\nto improve air quality and public health. The United States has advanced air transportation infrastructure which utilizes approximately 5,000 paved runways. In terms of passengers, seventeen of the world's thirty busiest airports in 2004 were in the United States, including the world's busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. In terms of cargo, in the same year, twelve of the world's thirty busiest airports were in the United States, including the world's busiest, Memphis International Airport. Private aircraft are also used for medical emergencies, government agencies, large businesses, and individuals, see general aviation. There is no single national flag airline; passenger airlines", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6018059", "chunk_text": "\"Orlando International Airport\"\nand business and governmental executives to and from the airport. Orlando International Airport Orlando International Airport is a major public airport located six miles (10 km) southeast of Downtown Orlando, Florida, United States. In 2017, MCO handled 44,611,265 passengers, making it the busiest airport in the state of Florida and the eleventh-busiest airport in the United States. The airport serves as a hub for Silver Airways and a focus city for Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, and Spirit. Southwest is the airport's largest carrier by passengers carried. The airport also is a major international gateway for the mid-Florida region, with flights by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8274132", "chunk_text": "\"Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport\"\nPhoenix Sky Harbor International Airport Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport is a civil-military public airport southeast of downtown Phoenix, in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It is Arizona's largest and busiest airport, and among the largest commercial airports in the United States. In 2017, PHX served 43,921,670 passengers, making it the forty-first busiest airport in the world. It handles nearly 1,200 aircraft operations a day, 120,000 passengers and more than 800 tons of cargo. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) records show that the airport had 21,185,440 commercial passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2017 and 20,896,265 in 2016. The airport serves", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17090215", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport\"\nthe ninth busiest international gateway in the United States and second busiest in Texas. With nearly 900 daily flights, American Airlines at DFW is the second largest airline hub in the world and the United States, behind Delta's Atlanta hub. At , DFW is larger than the island of Manhattan, and is the second largest airport by land area in the United States, after Denver International Airport. Located roughly halfway between the major cities of Dallas and Fort Worth, DFW spills across portions of Dallas and Tarrant counties, and includes portions of the cities of Irving, Euless, Grapevine and Coppell.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14075986", "chunk_text": "\"George Bush Intercontinental Airport\"\n15th busiest airport in the United States. Houston Intercontinental is the second largest passenger hub for United Airlines, only behind O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois. IAH was the premier domestic and international hub for Continental Airlines prior to its merger with United Airlines. IAH covers 10,000 acres (40.5 km.) of land and has five runways. The airport also serves as a focus city for Spirit Airlines. Under operations as United Express, Expressjet Airlines and Skywest Airlines operate hub operations from IAH. During the 1970s and early 1980s, Houston Intercontinental served as focus city for several major airlines including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8230133", "chunk_text": "\"Aviation in the New York metropolitan area\"\nAviation in the New York metropolitan area The New York metropolitan area has the busiest airport system in the United States. It is also the most frequently used port of entry and departure for international flights. In 2011, more than 104 million passengers used the airports under the auspices of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ). The number increased to 117 million in 2014. The metro area is served by three major airports, John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) and LaGuardia Airport (LGA), which have been operated by PANYNJ since 1947.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "60184", "chunk_text": "Chicago\nairport by aircraft movements and the second-busiest by total passenger traffic. Both O'Hare and Midway are owned and operated by the City of Chicago. Gary/Chicago International Airport and Chicago Rockford International Airport, located in Gary, Indiana and Rockford, Illinois, respectively, can serve as alternative Chicago area airports, however they do not offer as many commercial flights as O'Hare and Midway. In recent years the state of Illinois has been leaning towards building an entirely new airport in the Illinois suburbs of Chicago. The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline. The Port of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1214134", "chunk_text": "Airport\nof \"\"world's oldest airport\"\" is disputed, but College Park Airport in Maryland, US, established in 1909 by Wilbur Wright, is generally agreed to be the world's oldest continually operating airfield, although it serves only general aviation traffic. Bisbee-Douglas International Airport in Arizona was declared \"\"the first international airport of the Americas\"\" by US president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1943. Pearson Field Airport in Vancouver, Washington, had a dirigible land in 1905 and planes in 1911 and is still in use. Hamburg Airport opened in January 1911, making it the oldest commercial airport in the world which is still in operation.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "689014", "chunk_text": "\"Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport\"\nMinneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport , also less commonly known as Wold–Chamberlain Field, is a joint civil-military public use international airport. It is located in a portion of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, within of both downtown Minneapolis and Saint Paul. MSP is the largest and busiest airport in the six-state Upper Midwest region of Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The airport is mostly located in the census-designated place of Fort Snelling in an unincorporated portion of Hennepin County. Small sections of the airport are within the city limits of Minneapolis and Richfield.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10955061", "chunk_text": "\"Clinton National Airport\"\nClinton National Airport Bill and Hillary Clinton National Airport , also known as Clinton National Airport, Adams Field, or simply Little Rock Airport, is a public airport located on the east side of Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S. It is operated by the Little Rock Municipal Airport Commission. The largest commercial airport in Arkansas, it served more than 2.1 million passengers in the year spanning from March 2009 through to February 2010. While Clinton National Airport does not have direct international passenger flights, more than 50 flights arrive or depart at Little Rock each day, with nonstop service to 14 cities.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16596718", "chunk_text": "\"Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport\"\nDallas/Fort Worth International Airport Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport is the primary international airport serving the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex area in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the largest hub for American Airlines, which is headquartered near the airport. 2017 was a record year for DFW, as the airport served 67,092,194 passengers. It is the fourth busiest airport in the world by aircraft movements and the twelfth busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in 2017. It is the busiest airport in the state of Texas by both passenger enplanements and by aircraft movements (takeoffs and landings). It is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13060687", "chunk_text": "\"Airport terminal\"\nof a terminal and a concourse. Some larger airports have one terminal that is connected to multiple concourses via walkways, sky-bridges, or underground tunnels (such as Denver International Airport, modeled after Atlanta's, the world's busiest). Some larger airports have more than one terminal, each with one or more concourses (such as New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport). Still other larger airports have multiple terminals each of which incorporate the functions of a concourse (such as Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport). According to \"\"Frommers\"\", most airport terminals are built in a plain style, with the 'concrete boxes of the 1960s and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "690052", "chunk_text": "\"Orlando International Airport\"\nin 2003, providing the airport with a total of four runways. In 1978, the airport handled 5 million passengers. By 2000 that number had risen to 30 million. Today it covers 54 square kilometers (20.8 sq mi) and is the fourth-largest airport in the United States by area after Denver International Airport which covers 136 square kilometers (52.4 sq mi) of land area, Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport which covers 70 square kilometers (26.9 sq mi), and Southwest Florida International Airport which covers 55 square kilometers (21.2 sq mi). MCO has North America's fourth tallest control tower at 345 feet, replacing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6018129", "chunk_text": "\"San Diego International Airport\"\nSan Diego International Airport San Diego International Airport , formerly known as Lindbergh Field, is an international airport northwest of Downtown San Diego, California, United States. It is owned and operated by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority. San Diego International Airport covers 663 acres (268 ha) of land. In 2015, traffic at San Diego International exceeded 20 million passengers, serving more than 500 scheduled operations carrying about 50,000 passengers each day. While primarily serving domestic traffic, San Diego has nonstop international flights to Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.<ref name=\"\"Condor/Edelweiss\"\"></ref> San Diego is the largest", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12922819", "chunk_text": "Airport\nor airfields recognizable from the air\"\" around the world, including 15,095 in the US, the US having the most in the world. Most of the world's large airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies who then lease the airport to private corporations who oversee the airport's operation. For example, in the United Kingdom the state-owned British Airports Authority originally operated eight of the nation's major commercial airports – it was subsequently privatized in the late 1980s, and following its takeover by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium in 2006, has been further divested and downsized to operating just Heathrow", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11944755", "chunk_text": "\"Urban freight distribution\"\nof Oakland, Port of Virginia, Port of Houston, Port of Tacoma, Port of Charleston, and Port of Seattle. Airports, and more specifically air cargo, are a significant component of the freight system. It is estimated that in the United States in 2013, over $1.1 billion worth of goods traveled by air. The top five airports in the U.S., ranked by landed weight of all-cargo operations in 2014, are Memphis International Airport, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, Louisville International Airport, Chicago O'Hare International Airport, and Miami International Airport. A distribution center is a warehouse or other specialized building that receives, stores,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20543236", "chunk_text": "\"John Wayne Airport\"\nthe county is Fullerton Municipal Airport. Other commercial airports nearby are Hollywood Burbank Airport, Long Beach Airport, Los Angeles International Airport and Ontario International Airport. In 2014, John Wayne Airport was the second busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles area (by passenger count) with over 9 million total passengers. , the largest airlines at John Wayne Airport were Southwest Airlines, American Airlines, United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, and Delta Air Lines. The main runway, at , is one of the shortest of any major airport in the United States, and passenger airliners at the airport have never been larger than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8621052", "chunk_text": "Houston\nEllington Airport, is home to the Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base. The Federal Aviation Administration and the state of Texas selected the Houston Airport System as \"\"Airport of the Year\"\" in 2005, largely due to the implementation of a $3.1 billion airport improvement program for both major airports in Houston. George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), located north of Downtown Houston between Interstates 45 and 69, is the eighth-busiest commercial airport in the United States (by total passengers and aircraft movements) and forty third-busiest globally. The five-terminal, five-runway, airport served 40 million passengers in 2016, including 10 million international travelers. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11689004", "chunk_text": "\"Port Authority of New York and New Jersey\"\nThe Port Authority officially took over select management functions of the Atlantic City International Airport on July 1, 2013, in conjunction with the South Jersey Transportation Authority, which leases the airport site from the FAA. JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark Liberty as a whole form the largest airport system in the United States, second in the world in terms of passenger traffic, and first in the world by total flight operations, with JFK being the 19th busiest in the world and the 6th busiest in the U.S. The Authority operated the Downtown Manhattan Heliport (Manhattan, New York) until the lease expired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8621053", "chunk_text": "Houston\n2006, the United States Department of Transportation named IAH the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States. The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center is located at Bush Intercontinental. Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year. Bush Intercontinental is currently United Airlines' second-largest hub, behind O'Hare International Airport. United Airlines' share of the Houston Airport System's commercial aviation market was nearly 60% in 2017 with 16 million enplaned passengers. In early 2007, Bush Intercontinental", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14244929", "chunk_text": "\"Eppley Airfield\"\nEppley Airfield Eppley Airfield is a medium hub, international airport three miles northeast of downtown Omaha, Nebraska, in Douglas County, Nebraska, United States. It is the largest airport in Nebraska, serving ten times more passengers than all other Nebraska airports combined. The airport occupies and handles about 130 daily airline flights to 34 non-stop destinations with 8 airlines. Eppley had its busiest year in 2017, serving 4.6 million passengers. Eppley Airfield began as an extension of Levi Carter Park near East Omaha in 1925. That year, the City of Omaha acquired 200 acres of cleared land on the east side", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19534592", "chunk_text": "\"Northwest Arkansas Regional Airport\"\nD.C., Atlanta, and San Francisco, largely due to the presence of the world's largest company by revenue, Walmart, in nearby Bentonville. As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 547,871 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008, 530,087 enplanements in 2009, and 549,195 in 2010. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, which categorized it as a \"\"primary commercial service\"\" airport (more than 10,000 enplanements per year). XNA opened in November 1998 as a replacement airport for commercial traffic previously served by Fayetteville's aging and inadequate Drake Field, which was undersized to serve", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20002456", "chunk_text": "\"Flight cancellation and delay\"\nand commitments. A passenger who is delayed on a multi-plane trip could miss a connecting flight. Anger, frustration and even Air rage can occur in delayed passengers. Based on flight delay data from 2015 some correlations can be shown. The analysis focuses on America's ten biggest airports, those are; Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, New York (JFK), Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Seattle and Charlotte. Data analysis confirms that the distribution of delays at departure is very similar to that at arrival and there is a strong correlation between the two data. Observed is namely the average time of delay", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3289	who does betty end up with on riverdale?	n/a	[ "Archie Andrews" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263409", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\ncloser to the newest werewolf of Riverdale, Jughead. Archie convinces her to try curing Jughead with wolfsbane, which initially works until it wears off and results in Reggie's death. Jughead leaves town because he knows Betty won't give him a second chance. Betty sets out to find him with the help of Archie and her cousin Bo, with backing by her aunt, the Cooper family matriarch, Elena. Betty appears as a main character in \"\"Life with Archie: The Married Life\"\". In \"\"Archie Loves Veronica\"\", she runs a catering business while her boyfriend, Reggie Mantle, runs a repair shop. They both", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483942", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nruns into Veronica (who returned from Europe) & Reggie, and learn they are engaged. On their ride home, Archie says he believes it is wrong, but Betty thinks that he is wishing it was him who had proposed to Veronica. Archie then explains he is worried that the marriage is based on money only and will end badly, hurting both of his friends. Betty accepts his statement and they make up. As the next few months pass, Archie & Betty become two of the most popular teachers at Riverdale High, and as Betty's pregnancy advances, they start to spend less", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263403", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nmagazines that depict a future timeline in which Archie marries Veronica, Betty and Reggie are portrayed as a loving couple. It has been hinted they may be planning to get married. Betty's relationship with Jughead Jones has mostly been that of close confidant and close friend, as they normally discuss their issues more candidly with each other than anyone else; Jughead will provide commentary on her feelings for Archie, and Betty will attempt to \"\"better\"\" Jughead, by getting rid of his slothful attitude and laziness. Once when she had a sprained ankle, Veronica told both Archie and Jughead to visit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11003658", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nArchie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty \"\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\" is an American comic book story by writer Michael Uslan and artists Stan Goldberg and Bob Smith that was originally presented in \"\"Archie\"\" # 600–606. In issues # 600–602, the story features a futuristic look into the life of Riverdale teen Archie Andrews in the years that follow his college graduation when Archie makes his ultimate decision to marry Veronica Lodge instead of Betty Cooper. In Issues # 603–605, the story switches and Archie proposes marriage to Betty instead of to Veronica. Issue #606 serves as the epilogue to the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263398", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nshe prefers to swim underwater. Contrary to the \"\"dumb blonde\"\"-stereotype, Betty actually has an above-average intelligence and is one of the smartest students at Riverdale High School, along with Dilton Doiley. In one story she won an award and was sent to compete in New York and has won numerous academic awards. At one point, she gained ESP when an encyclopedia accidentally fell on her head. This ability took away all hope for the future; Archie asked Veronica for a date, but Betty knew that Archie would dump Veronica for her. Betty lost her ESP power when a ball that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263406", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nCheryl Blossom, especially in Cheryl's own title. However, at other times, Betty and Veronica regard the seductive Cheryl as a threat because she tries to lure Archie away from them, and the two best friends unite against Cheryl to protect their interests. Jason Blossom, Cheryl's twin brother, is sometimes seen to have genuine interest towards Betty, which makes Archie jealous. In the late 90s, Betty started dating Adam Chisholm. It was thought by some people that Betty had chosen Adam over Archie. This event made Archie jealous and he concentrated his attention on Betty, ignoring Veronica, as he always does", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483944", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nof honor at their wedding. After making some arrangements, Veronica managed to hire a jet for the gang and employed the nurses to take care of Archie's twins so that they can all attend their wedding. Reggie and Veronica marries. As Archie & Betty adjust to parenthood, life goes on in Riverdale. Jughead & Midge are soon expecting a child of their own. Mr. Weatherbee & Miss Grundy along with Miss Beazley & Mr. Svenson have started dating. Archie & Betty receive a postcard from Veronica & Reggie detailing all of their world travels and new ventures. Betty comments to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483940", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nalready has a great future with Archie back in their hometown. Cassie wishes them well. Back in Riverdale, Archie and Betty temporarily move in with Archie's parents. Mr. Weatherbee has a teaching position available for Betty, and also offers Archie a position of the school's music teacher, which he accepts. That night, Archie and Betty celebrate their first anniversary with a romantic dinner and share a malt with three straws in it. Archie, confused and thinking that Veronica would be joining them, is told that the third straw isn't for her, but for someone he will love. Betty tells him", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14811513", "chunk_text": "\"Archie (comic book)\"\na love letter in the mail and Betty and Veronica both swear it wasn't from them. The story was continued in Betty #19, Betty and Veronica #82, and concluded with Veronica #39. In issues # 600–602, the story features a futuristic look into the life of Riverdale teen Archie Andrews in the years that follow his college graduation when Archie makes his ultimate decision to marry spoiled rich girl Veronica Lodge instead of sweet girl next door Betty Cooper. In Issues # 603–605, the story switches and Archie proposes marriage to Betty instead of to Veronica. Issue #606 serves as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743943", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Suarez\"\nfather had a heart attack and after surgery was fine but Betty was missing everything because she was at a party when Ignacio had his heart attack so she decided to move back home in Queens, leasing the apartment out to Amanda and Marc. Betty joins YETI so she could begin to \"\"go places\"\" in her career and meets a man named Matt Hartley who works for a sports magazine. Betty eventually starts dating Matt and she meets his mother who thinks she is below Matt (Matt's parents are billionaires) but Matt tells his mother that she will just have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13109413", "chunk_text": "\"Ugly Betty\"\nevents of the season 3 finale, Betty is promoted to editor at \"\"Mode\"\", but faces increased pressure when her former boyfriend Matt is named as her boss, in addition to hostility from Marc, who was passed over for promotion for Betty. Further storylines include Justin being bullied upon starting high school and subsequent relationship with male classmate Austin; Daniel struggling to adapt following Molly's death; Claire tracking down her long-lost son Tyler and his subsequent alcoholism; Hilda renewing her relationship with Bobby Telercio (Adam Rodriguez) and subsequent engagement and marriage. The series concludes with the Suarez sisters leaving home, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483925", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nArchie announces Veronica's pregnancy to his parents, while Jughead, Reggie, and Moose burst in with congratulations. Archie then breaks the news to Mr. Lodge, who immediately has his will changed to bestow his most prized possession, his own childhood sled, to his grandchild. Meanwhile, Veronica flies to New York City to meet with Betty at a run-down diner. Betty hasn't been faring well in the city as she's recently been laid off and her relationship with Henry has ended. Veronica announces that she is pregnant and asks Betty to be the godmother, to which she agrees. Two trimesters later, Archie", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483919", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nburger joint on Staten Island while his girlfriend Midge Klump will be running her own nail salon in Bayonne, New Jersey. Dilton Doiley is going to M.I.T. for his doctorate in quantum mechanics, Reggie Mantle will become a used car salesman in Atlanta and Jughead Jones will stick around Riverdale grilling burgers at Pop Tate's Choklit Shoppe until he \"\"figures things out\"\". Finally, Betty Cooper will be working as a buyer at Saks Fifth Avenue in New York City. After the party, Archie is given a large sum of money by his parents which he uses for the down payment", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9058271", "chunk_text": "\"Love Showdown (Archie Comics)\"\nand Reggie, respectively. However, Jughead asks Jason, Cheryl's twin brother, to be Betty's date and this causes Archie to become jealous. After Archie makes of fool of himself, Cheryl dumps him and Betty and Veronica go to comfort Jason after he gives him a black eye. Then after having a nightmare depicting Jason and Betty so in love with each other, Archie decides that Betty is the only girl for him and vows to tell her before it is too late. Upon finding her at Riverdale High he learns that Jason got on her nerves so much she almost gave", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743938", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Suarez\"\nto fight for Henry. In the season 1 finale, Betty and Henry seem to be off to a good start in a relationship, when Charlie comes back into the picture, saying she is pregnant with Henry's baby. Henry decides to move with her to Tucson, and he tearfully and regretfully says goodbye to Betty. However, later, while getting a filling done at her dentist, the dental technician blurts out Charlie had been cheating on Henry with Dr. Farkas for two months and urges Betty to go after Henry. This plan, however, is shoved aside when the police show up at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6543567", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Suarez\"\nare seen going into Matt's apartment in the end. Matt asks Betty to move in with him, and she agrees. However, soon after this Henry returns to New York with his new girlfriend for a few days, and realizes she still has feelings for him. Before Henry's departure from New York, Betty and Henry meet and agree they should go separate ways despite their feelings for each other. They still kiss before Henry leaves. Matt sees this and finally decides to break up with Betty because she wasn't honest with him. He also informs her, she will still be seeing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11003663", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\non an engagement ring for Veronica a few weeks later in New York. He proposes to her just as Betty and Jughead happen to walk by and witness. Veronica accepts, while Betty runs weeping in an unknown direction. Eventually, Archie and Veronica tell Mr. Lodge, who accepts Archie as his future son-in-law as long as he works for Lodge Industries. Archie accepts while his fiancee plans the biggest wedding Riverdale has ever seen. Jughead later chastises Archie for not telling him his plan, and advised him not to go near Betty for a while, so that she will be able", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8779611", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Anderson\"\nhim see him. In late 1973, Betty and Steven planned on marrying each other, but their relationship was constantly put on the test by D. B. Bentley, a wealthy heiress who seduced Steven for business information. Betty gave Steven an ultimatum: choose between her and D. B. Steven initially followed D. B.'s advice not to rush into a wedding with Betty, but he later regrets the decision. The series ends with Betty, now divorced from Rodney, planning on marrying Steven in the Caribbean. When Martin Peyton finds out about this, he announces he will return to town to prevent this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483928", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nthe door. He walks up Memory Lane and comes to the yellow wood and begins walking down the right fork in the road. \"\"Will You Marry Me?\"\" is Part 4 in the 6 issue story arc, in which Archie Andrews proposed to Betty Cooper after college in an alternate reality. Archie, still in his winter coat from his walk during the first snow of the season, arriving back in time right before his college graduation. Archie then rushes home to get ready for graduation, and the ceremony proceeds much as it did in Part 1, with Dilton giving the valedictorian", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743942", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Suarez\"\nin which they work, her and Kimmie make up. Things then begin to look up after her family, initially against it, help her clean-up and renovate her apartment. She then meets Jesse her new neighbor and obviously new love-interest. Things are turned upside-down when Amanda moves in with her due to financial problems. Jesse kisses Amanda on the roof during a party and Betty is hurt until Amanada realizes Betty likes him and says it was only a kiss. Betty and Jesse go out on a date and he only talks about himself so she breaks up with him. Her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263401", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nVeronica. Although the two are often involved in disputes over Archie or something else that evokes jealousy, they have remained the best of friends since their childhood. The two have commented that Jughead and Archie's friendship could not compare to theirs. In many stories, Betty and Veronica team up or help each other despite Veronica's jealousy and bitterness towards her. Betty's other female friends include Ethel Muggs, Midge Klump, and Nancy Woods, all of whom share common interests and group activities such as shopping and cheer-leading. Frequently, Betty has been shown to date Reggie Mantle early on in the titles'", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743940", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Suarez\"\nBetty has also attracted the interest of Giovanni \"\"Gio\"\" Rossi, a deli shop owner. This development has resulted in a semi-close relationship, as Hilda and Henry has witnessed, even though Betty has yet to noticed any sparks, believing that she and Gio are just friends. This would put Betty in an unusual predicament. Gio wanted her to travel to Rome with him. Henry wanted her to marry him. In the season 3 opener it is revealed she chose neither Henry or Gio, instead she took a trip across the country to find herself. After she returns she asserts herself as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13743939", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Suarez\"\nher door, telling her Hilda's fiance, Santos, was killed in a robbery. Betty chooses to go tell Hilda, thus letting Henry go with Charlie to Arizona. By season two, Henry returns and get his job back in order to support Charlie, which made Betty feel uneasy because was afraid to tell him about Charlie, but at the same still had feelings for him. Despite mixed feelings from Ignacio and Daniel, both Betty and Henry decided to continue their romance for the next five months before Henry returned to Arizona, after he learned that the baby might be his after all.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7310983", "chunk_text": "\"Backseat Betty\"\nover the tiara and roses to Hilda. As everyone hugs, the crowd applauds Justin. As they went home that night, Hilda told Justin about what he did and did not care what anyone thought about him. But Justin tells his family and Marc that he is actually straight and was pretending to act gay, saying that his flamboyant behavior was all a joke. Later that night at bed, Betty and Hilda made up over what happened with Bobby, with Hilda admitting that even though she is dating Archie, she may still have feelings for Bobby. As Wilhelmina gets off the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13419100", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Anderson\"\nBetty's father starts to demand that she marry Rodney. Rodney's wealthy father Leslie, though, disapproves of Betty because of her middle-class background, and pressures Rodney into taking someone else to the school prom; Allison. At the prom, Rodney dumps Allison to make out with Betty in her car. Just as they are about to have sex, Betty dumps him for not having asked her to the prom. During the summer, Rodney convinces her to give him another chance, and they go skinny dipping at a nearby lake, where they are spotted by a local gossip. Soon after, they elope, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11713543", "chunk_text": "\"Hiram Lodge\"\nHe also served as a rival to Fred Andrews in their high school days with him eventually stealing Hermione (who at that time was dating Fred) from him and later marrying her. Later on, it is established that Hermione is helping him continue running his business and criminal empires from behind bars. He is a free man by the events of the second season, returning to Riverdale and is shown to be protective of Veronica while also a threatening and powerful presence in the town. In the Season 2 finale, Hermione realizes Hiram is a monster and stops supporting him.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9456081", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Suarez\"\nto deal with Gio returning from Italy (the trip which Betty rejected in the second season finale). Gio who is angry towards Betty acts cold and bans her from his deli and life but Betty perseveres to win his heart back by tricking him into helping her get DJ away from his grandparents. After the issue, the two reconcile but Gio wants to try something different for love and leaves Betty. She also begins to study at the YETI program for young editors with Marc. In the third season finale Betty and Marc compete for an editor's job at Mode.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19786240", "chunk_text": "\"Veronica Lodge\"\ngave Betty a candy bar containing nuts (which Betty is allergic to), so that Veronica could steal her modeling job. Veronica is often seen scheming to get Archie from Betty whenever she spots the two dating. Occasionally she is victorious, but usually Betty manages to successfully take revenge on her. Also, Archie occasionally has stood up to Veronica and stuck with Betty. Her other friends include Ethel Muggs, Midge Klump and Nancy Woods, and they all enjoy having slumber parties and shopping at the mall together. Aside from Archie, Veronica's cannon boyfriend on the CW's Riverdale, is Jughead Jones ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12812507", "chunk_text": "\"Life with Archie\"\nMeanwhile, Archie is surprised by Mr. Lodge's appearance at a sold out show. Apparently, Veronica has been unhappy since Archie chose Betty over her, and has been unable to concentrate on her work at Lodge Industries. Hiram Lodge proposes Archie leave Betty to make Veronica happy, enraging Archie, who demands Lodge never reappear in his life again. Back in Riverdale at Pop Tate's, Fred and Mary Andrews, and Hal and Alice Cooper are in the midst of discussing their children, as Mr. Weatherbee and Miss Grundy enter the establishment together. Miss Grundy quietly informs Mr. Weatherbee that her doctor had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483939", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nabout Archie's clothes and talent. Archie tries to defend himself, but Betty tries to pass it off as a joke. However, when he tries to insult Archie again, Betty loses it and tells him she would punch him if she wasn't as classy as her husband, and quits her job on the spot. The two decide to move back to Riverdale, and Archie willingly gives up his thriving music career. The next day, while packing their bags, Cassie shows up at their apartment and tries convincing her to stay on in her job. However, Betty thanks her and says she", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15976880", "chunk_text": "\"Life with Archie\"\nthat Archie cares about. Archie refuses to back down, realizing he belongs with Betty. When Veronica discovers what her father has been doing, she tries to help stop him. A triple wedding is held, for, respectively, Mr. Weatherbee/Miss Grundy, Mr. Svenson/Miss Beazly, and Jughead Jones/Midge Klump. Six weeks after her wedding, Mrs. Weatherbee (formerly Miss Grundy) succumbs to renal failure and passes away. Her death makes Betty and Archie realize they belonged in Riverdale, and they finally accept teaching jobs at their alma mater. With the retirement of Mr. and Mrs. Svenson from their jobs as custodian and lunch room", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13419101", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Anderson\"\ngreatly upsets Rodney's family. He leaves Betty behind to join the army, and after a while, she receives notice that he has died. This devastating news allows Betty to make peace with Rodney's father, who until then had never spoken a positive word about her. In the TV series, Betty was more prominent. She was the daughter of Julie Anderson and George Anderson. Growing up, Betty dealt with the unstable marriage of her parents; her father was an abusive alcoholic. She was in love with Rodney Harrington, who was her boyfriend from an upper-class family that disapproved of her. Life", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11003692", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nof other futures and in each one Archie is married to a different woman. Some of these futures had Archie being married to Cheryl Blossom, Sabrina Spellman, and even Josie. Seeing these futures Valerie runs out of Memory Lane and happily reunites with Archie. Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty \"\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\" is an American comic book story by writer Michael Uslan and artists Stan Goldberg and Bob Smith that was originally presented in \"\"Archie\"\" # 600–606. In issues # 600–602, the story features a futuristic look into the life of Riverdale teen Archie Andrews in the years", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11003688", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nwith Betty, Archie mishears Betty and thinks she said \"\"Friday\"\". Later he asks Veronica for a date on the same night and she says yes. When Saturday night arrives, Archie realizes he asked both Betty and Veronica out on the same night. The girls arrived in anger and poured milkshakes on his head. The next day, Betty and Veronica are still mad at Archie, but Jughead comforts him and says one of them will eventually forgive him. Archie decides to apologize to both of them and take control of his own future. When talking about the future, Archie asks Jughead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483929", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\naddress. After graduation, Archie, Reggie, and Jughead drive to Pop Tate's Choklit Shoppe for a party. Reggie comments on how unlikely marriage is after college. Jughead is relieved at this statistic, but Archie seems optimistic and announces that he has finally made his choice between Veronica and Betty, but wants to talk \"\"to the girls first.” Upon entering Pop's, Betty asks Archie for a dance, but he has Veronica on the brain and Betty points him in her direction. Veronica, surrounded by a group of handsome young men, is telling about a graduation trip around the world in 80 days.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483941", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nshe's pregnant, and Archie chokes on the malt and faints. \"\"Happily Ever After\"\" is Part 6 in the 6 issue story arc. Archie & Betty meets up with Jughead & Midge and are shocked to learn that they are now married, fearing that Moose will kill them. However, Moose, who is now the custodian at Riverdale High, has been practicing yoga and meditation and is less hot-tempered than before. Archie and Betty learn that Pop Tate is retiring and has sold the Chok'lit Shoppe to Jughead and Midge and it has been renamed \"\"Juggie's\"\". At the new Juggie's, the gang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19229626", "chunk_text": "\"Hilda Suarez\"\nto go out with each other in The Kids Are Alright\"\". In the season 2 finale, \"\"Jump\"\", Hilda learns that Tony is married, but he assures her that the relationship is over. However, when Tony's ex wife comes to see Hilda, Hilda decides to end the relationship. In the third season she begins to date politician Archie Rodriquez. Their relationship goes well until a boyfriend from her high school days, Bobby Talercio, shows up. Bobby admits that he still has feelings for Hilda when helping her with a problem. They later sleep together. In the Christmas episode, Hilda and Betty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4603978", "chunk_text": "\"Lili Reinhart\"\nLili Reinhart Lili Pauline Reinhart (born September 13, 1996) is an American actress, best known for portraying Betty Cooper on The CW drama series\"\" Riverdale\"\". Reinhart was born in Cleveland, Ohio and raised in the nearby town of Bay Village. She developed a love for singing, acting, and dancing at the age of 10, and begged her mom to drive her to New York for auditions. Reinhart moved to Los Angeles when she was 18 years old to pursue acting and almost gave up after five months. Reinhart guest starred on the television series \"\"\"\" and starred in the films", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17537537", "chunk_text": "\"Veronica Lodge\"\nin Comics\"\" list created by Brent Frankenhoff. Veronica enjoys a very posh lifestyle, as her family are among the richest people in the world. She nevertheless chooses to hang out with her less affluent friends, including the boy she is in love with, Archie Andrews, whom she nicknames \"\"Archiekins\"\". Her level of interest in him varies, however. Mr. Lodge often has nightmares that Veronica and Archie will marry. In 2009, Archie Comics published a storyline that followed this possible future, marrying Veronica to Archie in one universe and to Reggie in another. Veronica's best friend (and sometimes arch-rival) is Betty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263391", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nBetty Cooper Elizabeth Cooper, is one of the main characters appearing in American comic books published by Archie Comics. The character was created by Bob Montana and John L. Goldwater, and first appeared in \"\"Pep Comics\"\" #22 (cover-dated Dec. 1941), on the first page of the first \"\"Archie\"\" story, serving as a love interest to Archie Andrews. Betty's infatuation with Archie, which drives her attempts to win his affections by whatever means possible, and her rivalry with her best friend, Veronica Lodge, have been among of the longest-running themes in the comics. Betty was named for, and originally based on,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263404", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nher. The four of them were having dinner together when people from the school mistook Jughead as Betty's boyfriend because he was carrying chocolates to her house. Jughead appears to care more about Betty than other girls and there have been hints of a potential romantic relationship between them. He once accidentally asked her out to a school dance. When he was telling Archie what to do, Betty walked up behind him and thought he was asking her even though he was just demonstrating how to ask Betty to the dance. In one story, Jughead even says that if the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483926", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nand Veronica begin Lamaze class, which proves to be a slapstick disaster for Archie. One night when Veronica's ill, Jughead fills in for her replete with a pillow under his shirt and hilarity ensues. Despite all of this, Archie promises to be calm when the big day arrives. Shortly thereafter, Veronica goes into labor and he drives her to the hospital. Soon, Veronica delivers a a pair of fraternal twins, a redheaded boy named Archie, and a black haired girl named Veronica. Time passes and Archie and Veronica move back to Riverdale and buy a minivan. Parenting is exhausting for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12355045", "chunk_text": "\"Cheryl Blossom\"\noff with Betty, indicating that Betty and Cheryl are still friends. In the late 1990s, Cheryl began dating Dilton Doiley. They were paired together online, without knowing each other's true identity, fell in love, met in real life, and decided to continue their romantic relationship, though this was largely ignored in later stories. At one point, Reggie and Cheryl started dating because they both had devilish minds and were very alike. Their relationship was unsuccessful, so Cheryl appeared on a dating show. In a reader-poll event, Archie Comics finally gave Cheryl a new boyfriend, with readers voting on the potential", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18483931", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\ndecides to talk with Betty instead. Archie reminds Betty of how they first met and were always friends, and said he can never fit into Veronica's high society world. Betty assumes he's going to ask her to “go steady,” but instead Archie proposes to her. Betty, in shock for a moment, jumps for joy and accepts. Archie and Betty kiss as Veronica watches in awe and disgust. Midge swoons at the romantic moment and prods her longtime boyfriend, Moose for a similar proposal, but he makes a joke instead. She slams his mortarboard over his head. Meanwhile, Reggie tries to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11003660", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Marries Veronica/Archie Marries Betty\"\nand that the first half of the story would show Archie's life with Veronica, and the second half would show his life with Betty. \"\"The Proposal\"\" is Part 1 in the 6 issue story arc, in which Archie decides to marry Veronica. The night before the gang's graduation from Riverdale High, The Archies play their final concert and mourn the oncoming changes. Archie comes home and after getting heat from his father about picking a college, he takes a walk down Memory Lane... literally. Archie realizes he's never walked up Memory Lane before and switches directions. After traveling through a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17266792", "chunk_text": "\"Jughead Jones\"\nMoose Mason is angry with him. Alongside Archie, Betty Cooper slips into the best friend role for Jughead in the comics. Their mutual love and appreciation for food (she cooks, he eats), and continuously going to bat for each other have made their friendship a stronghold in the comics. While generally disinterested in matters of the heart, Jughead frequently stands up for Betty when Archie breaks her heart. In the show \"\"Riverdale\"\", Betty and Jughead are dating. Writers and fans of Archie Comics sometimes comment that if they were to pair Jughead up with one of the girls, it would", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8085570", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Applewhite\"\na real goodbye so they decided to meet in a lumberyard. Caleb got there first and said that he could be her boyfriend. After Melanie laughed in his face, he started beating her with an axe. He ran away covered in blood. Matthew killed her for real when she threatened to send Caleb away forever. Matthew had Caleb blamed. Betty begins her recurring role in the final two episodes of the show's first season, when she buys a house on Wisteria Lane from Edie Britt over the phone and moves during the night. In the first episode of season 2,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17263410", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Cooper\"\nstar in a reality show based on their lives. In \"\"Archie Loves Betty\"\", she is an English teacher at Riverdale High. However, in both universes, Betty previously worked as a buyer for Saks Fifth Avenue in New York. Betty Cooper Elizabeth Cooper, is one of the main characters appearing in American comic books published by Archie Comics. The character was created by Bob Montana and John L. Goldwater, and first appeared in \"\"Pep Comics\"\" #22 (cover-dated Dec. 1941), on the first page of the first \"\"Archie\"\" story, serving as a love interest to Archie Andrews. Betty's infatuation with Archie, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18939776", "chunk_text": "\"Archie Andrews\"\nrevealed that this relationship had seeped into common knowledge by the end of the tour. Archie and Valerie were forced apart when the Pussycats were touring Europe without the Archies, but hoped to keep their relationship going. In the comic \"\"Archie Marries Valerie\"\", Valerie is expecting a baby with Archie, whom they name Star. Jughead Jones has been Archie's best friend ever since childhood. When Jughead first came to Riverdale, he was in a bad mood and tended to dismiss Archie. However, Archie, of good heart, tried to cheer up Jughead and the two have been inseparable ever since. Jughead", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6543568", "chunk_text": "\"Betty Suarez\"\na lot him, because he got a job at MODE as Betty's superior. In the fourth season, Matt made Betty's life at work a misery as her boss and revealed in Blue On Blue episode that he does that because he couldn't stand seeing Betty happy when he was in so much pain. They got back into a more amicable terms after that. Matt and Betty get back together at the end of \"\"The Bahamas Triangle\"\". In the Christmas episode, Betty and Hilda think they are both pregnant due to a mix-up with the pregnancy tests but in the end,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3290	who won the american league east in 2017?	n/a	[ "The Yankees", "Houston Astros" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440051", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nadvanced to their first World Series in 12 years, becoming the first team to win pennants in both leagues. Houston's victory made this just the fifth best-of-seven series (following the 1987, 1991, and 2001 World Series, and the 2004 National League Championship Series), and the first ALCS, in which the home team won all seven games. This was also Joe Girardi's final game as Yankees manager as 5 days after the game the Yankees announced that he would not be coming back for the 2018 season. 2017 ALCS (4–3): Houston Astros beat New York Yankees. 2017 American League Championship Series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512759", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Championship Series\"\nthe American League, their prior AL appearance being a 2017 ALCS win over the New York Yankees in seven games. Houston also appeared in four NLCS, winning once and losing thrice, before joining the American League in 2013. The Red Sox won the American League East division with a record of 108–54, then defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Division Series, 3–1. This was Boston's 11th ALCS. They had a prior record of 5–5, most recently winning in 2013 and most recently losing in 2008. The 2018 ALCS was just the 12th postseason match-up to feature two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440036", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\n2017 American League Championship Series The 2017 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff pitting the Houston Astros against the New York Yankees for the American League pennant and the right to face the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2017 World Series. The Astros defeated the Yankees in 7 games after falling behind 3 games to 2. The home team won every game in the series. This was the first time in history that the ALCS and NLCS teams were from the four most populous U.S. cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. For the first time, Major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14008358", "chunk_text": "\"American League East\"\nthe best record in the division earns one of the American League's five playoff spots. The most recent team to win this division was the Boston Red Sox in 2018. Writers have posted that the American League East is the toughest division in MLB; during its 46-year existence, an East division team has gone on to play in the World Series 25 times, and 14 of those teams have been crowned World Series champions. Since the season when the wild-card playoff berth was introduced, the AL East has produced the wild-card team for the American League in 13 out of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512738", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Division Series\"\ntheir respective series, to advance to the Championship Series. The Red Sox entered the ALDS as the top seed, having completed the regular season with a record of 108–54 and winning the AL East. The second-seeded Astros won the AL West, going 103–59. The AL Central champion Indians were seeded third via their 91–71 record. The final participant was the winner of the AL Wild Card Game, the Yankees. This was the 13th ALDS appearance for Boston and the third appearance for Houston; the Red Sox lost to the Astros in the 2017 ALDS. This was the 10th ALDS appearance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102100", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nof the series. The Yankees clinched the ALDS when Chapman struck out Jackson, and completed the series comeback, becoming just the seventh team to come back from a 2–0 deficit in a division series since the wild-card format was introduced in 1995. The Yankees previously accomplished this feat in 2001 against the Oakland Athletics. They are also just the second team to do it twice in the Division Series after the Boston Red Sox, who accomplished this in 1999 (also against the Indians) and 2003 (also against the Athletics). 2017 ALDS (3–2): New York Yankees defeated Cleveland Indians. This was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440037", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nLeague Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; this ALCS was sponsored by Camping World and was officially known as the American League Championship Series presented by Camping World. The Astros would go on to defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series in seven games, winning their first World Series championship in franchise history. The Astros defeated the Boston Red Sox 3–1 in the 2017 American League Division Series (ALDS). This is the Astros' fifth appearance in a League Championship Series, and their first since transferring from the National League to the American League. Their", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440039", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nin which an AL East team has made it to the ALCS. This was the second postseason match-up between these two teams, with the Astros defeating the Yankees in the 2015 American League Wild Card Game at Yankee Stadium. This was also the first ALCS to not feature any American League Central Division teams since 2010. In a pitcher's duel, Dallas Keuchel and Masahiro Tanaka allowed no runs through the first three innings before the Astros scored in the bottom of the fourth. José Altuve hit an infield single and stole second base, before Carlos Correa drove him in with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13245855", "chunk_text": "\"Boston Red Sox\"\nAward, Mookie Betts. Rookie Andrew Benintendi established himself in the Red Sox' outfield, and Steven Wright emerged as one of the year's biggest surprises. The Red Sox grabbed the lead in the AL East early and held on to it throughout the year, which included many teams honoring Ortiz throughout the season. Despite the success, the team lost five of their last six games of the regular season and were swept in the ALDS by the eventual American League Champion Cleveland Indians. The Red Sox once again finished with a record of 93–69 in 2017, and repeated as division champions.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "593677", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Pearce (baseball)\"\nSteve Pearce (baseball) Steven Wayne Pearce (born April 13, 1983) is an American professional baseball left fielder and first baseman for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, Houston Astros, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays and Toronto Blue Jays. Pearce is only the second player in MLB history to have played for every team in the American League East, the first being Kelly Johnson. Pearce was instrumental in Boston's 2018 World Series triumph, displaying key outbursts of power en route to being named the World Series Most Valuable", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13936764", "chunk_text": "\"A. J. Hinch\"\nguided the team past the Boston Red Sox in four games, with his decision to have Justin Verlander pitch in relief in the deciding Game 4 receiving attention. In the 2017 American League Championship Series, he led the Astros against the New York Yankees in Houston's first championship series appearance in 12 years. After his team won the first two games at home, the Yankees rallied with three wins in New York, with Game 4's loss resulting from the bullpen giving up six combined runs in the 7th and 8th after he had taken out pitcher Lance McCullers Jr after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9096433", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nHe then retired the side to send the Astros to their first American League Championship Series and their first postseason series win since 2005. The Red Sox were knocked out of the playoffs in the first round for the second year in a row, having been swept by the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 American League Division Series. 2017 ALDS (3–1): Houston Astros defeated Boston Red Sox. 2017 American League Division Series The 2017 American League Division Series were two best-of-five-games series held to determine the participating teams in the 2017 American League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512760", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Championship Series\"\nteams with 100 wins, though the third since the 2017 World Series. The 211 combined regular season wins for both teams was the second-most of any postseason series ever, just behind the 1998 World Series. It was also the first ALCS to feature two 100-win teams since 1977, when the New York Yankees (100–62) defeated the Kansas City Royals (102–60). Boston and Houston had met once before in the postseason, with the Astros winning the 2017 ALDS, 3–1. Houston was 4–3 in their seven games against Boston during the 2018 regular season. For the 2018 regular season. Three time All-Star", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4796904", "chunk_text": "\"Brian Cashman\"\nthe Minnesota Twins in the 2017 American League Wild Card Game, and then went on to defeat the Cleveland Indians in the 2017 American League Division Series. Making their first appearance in the American League Championship Series since 2012, the Yankees lost to the Houston Astros in seven games, far outpacing the expectations of many analysts. Following the season, Cashman recommended to owner Hal Steinbrenner that a managerial change was needed. \"\"Baseball America\"\" named Cashman their Executive of the Year after the season. On December 9, Cashman traded second baseman Starlin Castro and two prospects for Marlins outfielder Giancarlo Stanton.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440038", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nonly previous LCS win came in the 2005 National League Championship Series; they lost in 1980, 1986, and 2004. They are also the first AL West team to make it to the ALCS since 2011. The Yankees upset the heavily-favored Cleveland Indians 3–2 in the ALDS to advance. This is the Yankees' 16th appearance in the ALCS, and their second as a Wild Card. Their last ALCS appearance came in the 2012 American League Championship Series where they got swept by the Detroit Tigers. They had won in eleven of their previous fifteen appearances. This is the sixth straight year", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15213116", "chunk_text": "\"American League East\"\ndivision championship, and won a 1-game playoff against Boston. <nowiki></nowiki> – Due to the players' strike, the season was split. New York won the first half and defeated second-half champion Milwaukee (62–45) in the postseason. § – Due to the 1994 baseball strike starting August 12, no official winner was awarded. New York was leading at the strike. †† – The Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees finished the 2005 season tied for first place with identical records. New York won the season series against Boston and was awarded the tie-breaker; Boston was awarded the wild card berth. Had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4947347", "chunk_text": "\"Eastern League Most Valuable Player Award\"\n(MLB) organization have won the MVP Award, more than any other, followed by the Pittsburgh Pirates organization (6); the Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, and Montreal Expos organizations (5); the New York Mets organization (4); the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, and Toronto Blue Jays organizations (3); the Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Cincinnati Reds, Detroit Tigers, and Milwaukee Brewers organizations (2); and the Florida Marlins, Oakland Athletics, San Francisco Giants, and Texas Rangers organizations (1). Eastern League Most Valuable Player Award The Eastern League Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual award given to the best player in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2444573", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Wild Card Game\"\nteam, and their first postseason appearance since the 2010 American League Division Series. After clinching their spot, the Twins named Ervin Santana as their starting pitcher. Miguel Sanó was left off of the roster because of his injured left shin. The Twins had an 85–77 record and finished in second place in the AL Central, 17 games behind the Indians. This was New York's sixth playoff appearance as a Wild Card team, and their first postseason appearance since the 2015 American League Wild Card Game. Luis Severino started for the Yankees. With a 91–71 record, the Yankees finished in second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2444574", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Wild Card Game\"\nplace in the AL East, two games behind the division-winning Red Sox. This was the fifth postseason meeting between the two clubs, with the Yankees winning all four previous series. Their most recent meeting was in the 2010 American League Division Series in which the Yankees swept the Twins in three games. This loss also extended the Twins' postseason losing streak to thirteen games; ten of those games were against the Yankees. The Twins did not waste any time getting to Severino, with Brian Dozier hitting a leadoff home run. This was followed by a walk to Jorge Polanco and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512739", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Division Series\"\nfor Cleveland and 20th appearance for New York; the Indians lost to the Yankees in the 2017 ALDS. The Red Sox and Yankees met 19 times during the regular season, with Boston winning 10 of the games; this was the first postseason meeting between the two rivals since the famed 2004 ALCS, which Boston took in seven games after falling behind 3–0 en route to its first World Series title in 86 years. The Astros and Indians met seven times during the regular season, with Houston holding a 4–3 edge; this was the first time the teams met in postseason", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102093", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\none out, moved to second on a groundout, and scored on Starlin Castro's single to tie the game. After a Greg Bird single, Aaron Hicks's three-run home run put the Yankees up 6–3, chasing Kluber. Bird's two-run home run after a walk off Mike Clevinger extended the Yankees' lead to 8–3, but in the sixth, Sabathia was pulled by manager Joe Girardi with one on and one out. Later with two on and two outs, controversy occurred when relief pitcher Chad Green was charged with a hit by pitch on Lonnie Chisenhall to load the bases. Replays showed the ball", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512757", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Championship Series\"\n2018 American League Championship Series The 2018 American League Championship Series was a best-of-seven series pitting the Houston Astros against the Boston Red Sox, for the American League (AL) pennant and the right to play in the 2018 World Series. The series was played in a 2-3-2 format, with the first two and last two (if necessary) games played at the home ballpark of the higher seeded team. The series was the 49th in league history, with TBS televising all games in the United States. The Red Sox defeated the Astros, four games to one. For the second year in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2444572", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Wild Card Game\"\n2017 American League Wild Card Game The 2017 American League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball's 2017 postseason that was played between the American League's (AL) two wild card teams, the New York Yankees and the Minnesota Twins. The game was televised nationally by ESPN. The game took place on October 3 at Yankee Stadium, with the Yankees winning 8–4, thus eliminating the Twins from the postseason and advancing the Yankees to the AL Division Series (ALDS), in which they defeated the Cleveland Indians, 3–2. This was Minnesota's first playoff appearance as a Wild Card", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5211544", "chunk_text": "\"2017 Boston Red Sox season\"\n2017 Boston Red Sox season The 2017 Boston Red Sox season was the 117th season in the team's history, and their 106th season at Fenway Park. They finished with a 93–69 record, the same as their previous season, two games ahead of the second-place New York Yankees. It was also the team's first season in 15 years without David Ortiz, due to his retirement. The Red Sox won their second straight American League East championship, the first time the team has won the division (which was established in 1969) in consecutive years; it was their ninth division title overall. In", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8243683", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Wild Card Game\"\nYankees to the ALDS. 2017 American League Wild Card Game The 2017 American League Wild Card Game was a play-in game during Major League Baseball's 2017 postseason that was played between the American League's (AL) two wild card teams, the New York Yankees and the Minnesota Twins. The game was televised nationally by ESPN. The game took place on October 3 at Yankee Stadium, with the Yankees winning 8–4, thus eliminating the Twins from the postseason and advancing the Yankees to the AL Division Series (ALDS), in which they defeated the Cleveland Indians, 3–2. This was Minnesota's first playoff appearance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512737", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Division Series\"\n2018 American League Division Series The 2018 American League Division Series were two best-of-five-game series to determine the participating teams of the 2018 American League Championship Series. The three divisional winners, seeded first through third, and a fourth team—the Wild Card Game winner—played in two series. These matchups were: The higher seeded team in each series hosted Games 1, 2, and 5 (if necessary), and the lower seeded team Games 3 and 4 (if necessary). Under sponsorship agreements with T-Mobile, the series was formally known as the American League Division Series presented by T-Mobile. The Astros and Red Sox won", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5772002", "chunk_text": "\"New York Yankees\"\nMinnesota Twins 8–4 to move on the ALDS; this was the Yankees' first playoff win since 2012. In the ALDS, the Yankees lost the first two games to the Cleveland Indians before winning the final three games and taking the series. They played the Houston Astros in the 2017 American League Championship Series and lost the series in seven games. In the 2017 off-season, the Yankees hired Aaron Boone to succeed Joe Girardi, as their new manager on December 4, 2017. On December 11, 2017, the Yankees traded Starlin Castro and prospects Jorge Guzman and Jose Devers to the Miami", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440042", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nof Aroldis Chapman. Correa hit a walk-off double to right field, as Gary Sanchez did not field the ball cleanly at home plate and Altuve scored the winning run, giving the Astros a 2–0 series lead heading to New York. In the bottom of the second inning, Todd Frazier opened the scoring with a three-run home run after two two-out singles off of Charlie Morton. The Yankees piled on five more runs in the fourth inning. After a leadoff ground-rule double and two-out walk, Chase Headley's RBI single made it 4–0 Yankees. A hit-by-pitch to Brett Gardner loaded the bases", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102105", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nand one earned run while Pomeranz did not make it out of the third inning while giving up four earned runs and giving up two home runs. The Astros broke the game open in the sixth. Eduardo Rodríguez allowed a leadoff single and subsequent hit-by-pitch. Springer's forceout off Addison Reed moved Marwin González to third before he scored on Bregman's sacrifice fly. After an intentional walk, Correa hit a two-run double, then Evan Gattis rounded out the inning with an RBI single. The Red Sox got a run in the ninth when Christian Vasquez singled with one out, moved to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102097", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nstole second, Aaron Judge's two-run double made it 4–0 Yankees. An errant throw on Gardner's ground ball with the bases loaded next inning off Mike Clevinger made it 5-0 Yankees. The Indians made it 5–2 on a two-run home run by Carlos Santana in the fourth and 5-3 after a home run by Roberto Pérez in the fifth. In the bottom of the fifth, Frazier reached second on an error off Danny Salazar, moved to third on a ground out, and scored on a Brett Gardner sacrifice fly off Tyler Olson. Next inning, a home run from Sánchez off Bryan", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13245856", "chunk_text": "\"Boston Red Sox\"\nThe team went 5–5 in their last ten regular season games and were eliminated by the Houston Astros in the ALDS in four games. The Red Sox subsequently fired their manager, John Farrell, and hired Alex Cora, signing him to a three-year deal. The Red Sox finished with a record, winning the American League East division title for the third consecutive season, eight games ahead of the second-place New York Yankees, and were the first team to clinch a berth in the 2018 postseason. The Red Sox surpassed the 100-win mark for the first time since 1946, broke the franchise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9096430", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nrelieved Devenski after getting an out, Jackie Bradley Jr.'s three-run home run capped the scoring at 10–3 Red Sox. Addison Reed and Carson Smith pitched a scoreless eighth and ninth, respectively, as the Red Sox forced a Game 4. Trying to force a return to Houston for Game 5, the Red Sox sent 2016 AL Cy Young Award winner Rick Porcello to the mound to try and stifle the Astros offense while Charlie Morton was tasked with helping the Astros advance. The Astros struck first when George Springer scored on José Altuve's double play in the first. The Red Sox", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102096", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nAroldis Chapman managed to preserve the shutout and keep the Yankees' season alive. After lasting only innings against the Minnesota Twins in the 2017 American League Wild Card Game, Yankees pitcher Luis Severino bounced back with seven strong innings. The Indians gave up seven runs on the night, but just one earned, as the Yankees took advantage of the Indians' four errors on the night. In the second, Starlin Castro reached on an error and moved to second on Roberto Perez's passed ball before Todd Frazier's double and Aaron Hicks's single scored a run each. After Brett Gardner singled and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18764222", "chunk_text": "\"2017 New York Yankees season\"\nyears) and the Cleveland Indians in five games (after falling into an 0–2 deficit after the first two games in Cleveland) in the Division Series before losing to the Houston Astros in seven games in the 2017 American League Championship Series. Notably, during the postseason the Yankees were 6–0 at home, yet 1–6 on the road, and played an ALCS series that saw every single game won by the home team. The Yankees had one of their most successful spring training performances in recent memory, finishing with a 24-9-1 record - the best in the major leagues. The team had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9096426", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nthe Astros victory and give them a 1–0 start to the series. For the second straight day, the Astros defeated the Red Sox 8–2. Carlos Correa got the offense going with a two-run home run in the first inning off Drew Pomeranz. Jackie Bradley Jr. got Boston on the board in the second inning with an RBI single with two on. George Springer hit his first home run of the postseason in the bottom of the third while José Altuve drove in another run with a single after an Alex Bregman double. Dallas Keuchel went 5 innings with seven strikeouts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15186918", "chunk_text": "\"Joe Girardi\"\n2016, the Yankees finished 91–71 in 2017, second place in the AL East, and qualified for the postseason as the first Wild Card team in the AL. The Yankees beat the Twins, 8–4, in the wild card game and advanced to the ALDS, where they played the Cleveland Indians. After falling behind 0–2, amidst a controversial decision to not challenge a potential hit-by-pitch, Girardi's Yankees rallied back to win three games in a row and faced the Houston Astros in the ALCS. The series began in Houston, and after again falling behind 0–2, the team won all three games at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512758", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Championship Series\"\na row, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; as with the NLCS, this ALCS was sponsored by Google Assistant and was officially known as the American League Championship Series presented by Google Assistant. The Red Sox would go on to defeat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series in five games to win their ninth World Series championship. The Astros won the American League West division with a record of 103–59, then swept the Cleveland Indians in the American League Division Series. This was the Astros' sixth League Championship Series and second in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2440044", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\n3 8–1. Game 4 began as a pitcher's duel. The Yankees' Sonny Gray threw five scoreless innings, allowing only one hit while Astros' Lance McCullers Jr. threw six shutout innings with one hit. With the bases loaded in the top of the sixth on two walks and a catcher's interference call, Yuli Gurriel cleared them with a double off of David Robertson to put the Astros up 3–0. The next inning, a Starlin Castro fielding error allowed Marwin González, who doubled, to score, increasing the lead to 4–0. In the bottom of the seventh, Aaron Judge hit a home run,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239862", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nbefore Morton was relieved by Will Harris, who threw a wild pitch to let Frazier score before a three-run home run by Aaron Judge made it 8–0. CC Sabathia did not allow a run in six innings pitched, striking out five. In the top of the ninth inning, Dellin Betances entered in relief only to walk the first two batters before getting pulled for Tommy Kahnle. A single by Cameron Maybin loaded the bases, then one out later, walk to Alex Bregman forced in a run, but Jose Altuve hit into the game-ending double play as the Yankees' won Game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10425115", "chunk_text": "\"American League Division Series\"\ndivisions, but with a different format than in 1981. In 1981, a split-season format forced the first ever divisional playoff series, in which the New York Yankees won the Eastern Division series over the Milwaukee Brewers (who were in the American League until 1998) in five games while in the Western Division, the Oakland Athletics swept the Kansas City Royals (the only team with an overall losing record to ever make the postseason). Including the 2018 postseason, the Yankees have played in the most division series, with twenty appearances. In 2015, the Toronto Blue Jays and Houston Astros were the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "302138", "chunk_text": "\"2016 American League Division Series\"\n2016 American League Division Series The 2016 American League Division Series (ALDS) were two best-of-five game series to determine the participating teams in the 2016 American League Championship Series of Major League Baseball. The three divisional winners (seeded 1-3) and the winner of a one-game Wild Card playoff played in two series. The divisional winners were the Texas Rangers in the American League West with the first seed by virtue of having the best record in the American League, the Cleveland Indians in the American League Central with the second seed, and the Boston Red Sox in the American League", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239869", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nin relief, but in the fifth, gave up a home run to José Altuve and after two singles, a two-run double to former Yankee Brian McCann, extending the Astros lead to 4–0. For the Astros, Charlie Morton pitched five innings, allowed one walk and struck out five. Lance McCullers Jr. entered in relief, pitching four scoreless innings to close out the game and earn his first career save. McCullers ended the game throwing 24 straight curveballs; a Greg Bird flyout to George Springer was the final out of the game, sending the Astros to the 2017 World Series. The Astros", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9400038", "chunk_text": "\"2017 World Series\"\nRoberts became first manager of Asian heritage ever in the World Series, as well as the fourth African-American manager. With a 101–61 regular season record, the team won its first American League West title, their first division title since 2001, and the #2 seed in the AL. In the American League Division Series, they defeated the 3rd-seeded Boston Red Sox in four games and then defeated the 4th-seeded New York Yankees in the American League Championship Series (ALCS) in seven games. This was their second World Series appearance and first since 2005, when they were swept in four games by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8239866", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Championship Series\"\nthe fifth, after a single and walk, back-to-back two-out RBI singles by Gary Sanchez and Didi Gregorius made it 4–0 and knock starter Dallas Keuchel out of the game. Gary Sánchez provided insurance with a home run in the bottom of the seventh inning off of Brad Peacock. Masahiro Tanaka pitched seven shutout innings and Tommy Kahnle pitched two innings to close. The Yankees were now one win away from the World Series. Facing elimination, Justin Verlander threw seven shutout innings for the Astros, striking out eight. The Astros struck first in the bottom of the fifth off of Luis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18764221", "chunk_text": "\"2017 New York Yankees season\"\nSeptember 25. Judge ended the season by leading the American League with 52 home runs. The Yankees also clinched a playoff berth after missing the playoffs the previous year and won at least 90 games for the first time since 2012. They struggled to catch up to the defending American League East champions the Boston Red Sox after being in first place for the beginning of the season but managed to clinch their sixth wild card berth, their third in seven seasons. They defeated the Minnesota Twins 8–4 in the Wild Card Game (their first postseason game win in five", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102090", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nseries was officially known as the American League Division Series presented by Doosan. This was the fourth postseason meeting between the Indians and Yankees, with Cleveland winning two of the three previous series including both times in the ALDS (1997 and 2007). The Yankees won the 1998 ALCS. Cy Young Award candidate Corey Kluber was not tapped for this start to give him full rest. Thus, the Indians started Trevor Bauer, who befuddled the Yankees. He was followed by strong bullpen innings by Andrew Miller and Cody Allen, resulting in only the fourth shutout the Yankees experienced all season. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3427475", "chunk_text": "\"American League East\"\nRangers and the Tampa Bay Rays finished the season with the identical records of 91–71. A one-game playoff was held and the Rays won it 5–2 over the Rangers to capture the second Wild Card berth. <nowiki>**</nowiki> In , the Toronto Blue Jays and the Baltimore Orioles finished the season with the identical records of 89–73. However, the Blue Jays won the right to host the Wild Card Game by virtue of their 10–9 regular season record against the Orioles. American League East The American League East is one of Major League Baseball (MLB)'s six divisions (An East, Central, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102089", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\n2017 American League Division Series The 2017 American League Division Series were two best-of-five-games series held to determine the participating teams in the 2017 American League Championship Series. The three divisional winners (seeded 1-3) and a fourth team—the winner of a one-game Wild Card playoff—played in two series. These matchups were: The higher seeded team in each series hosted Games 1, 2, and 5. and the lower seeded team hosted Games 3 and 4. For the first time, Major League Baseball sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series; Doosan acquired presenting sponsorship to the ALDS, and thus the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6102094", "chunk_text": "\"2017 American League Division Series\"\nto have hit the knob of the bat, which would have resulted in a strikeout on the foul tip to end the inning. Despite Yankees' catcher Gary Sánchez insisting that Girardi challenge it, Girardi decided not to do so, extending the inning. Two pitches later, Francisco Lindor hit a grand slam to bring the Indians within one. They tied the game in the bottom of the eighth on a home run by Jay Bruce off David Robertson before winning it in the 13th when Austin Jackson walked off Dellin Betances, stole second and scored on a walk-off single off the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20512756", "chunk_text": "\"2018 American League Division Series\"\nthe winner of the Red Sox and Yankees series. This marks the second time in franchise history that the Astros have reached back-to-back Championship Series; the first time was in 2004 and 2005, when the team played in the National League. The Indians were swept in the postseason for the first time since 1954, and were eliminated in the ALDS for the second straight year. They were also eliminated from the postseason at home for the third straight year. 2018 ALDS (3–0): Houston Astros defeated Cleveland Indians. 2018 American League Division Series The 2018 American League Division Series were two", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3291	when was the last time the ducks won the stanley cup?	n/a	[ "(2006–07)", "2006–07" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073618", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nof the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006–07 season. The Ducks have made the playoffs 14 times (and 11 times in the past 13 seasons) and won six Pacific Division titles (2006–07, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16 and 2016–17), two Western Conference championships (2002–03 and 2006–07) and one Stanley Cup (2006–07). The Mighty Ducks of Anaheim were founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company. The franchise was awarded by the NHL in December 1992, along with the rights to a Miami team that would become the Florida Panthers. An entrance fee of $50 million was required, half of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18491222", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nawarded the second Conn Smythe Trophy in Ducks history. The Ducks became the first California team, and the fourth West Coast team since the 1915 Vancouver Millionaires, 1917 Seattle Metropolitans and 1925 Victoria Cougars, to win the Stanley Cup. The Ducks began their title defense in the 2007–08 season without two fan favorites, Scott Niedermayer and Teemu Selanne, who were both contemplating retirement. To offset those losses, Burke signed forward Todd Bertuzzi and defenseman Mathieu Schneider. During the season, Burke put goaltender Ilya Bryzgalov on waivers, where he was picked-up by the Phoenix Coyotes. Free agent signee Jonas Hiller then", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073670", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nthe goaltending of John Gibson. On March 6, 2016, the Ducks set a franchise record with an 11-game winning streak which ended the following night. On March 24, 2016, the Ducks clinched a playoff spot in a 6–5 overtime loss to the Maple Leafs. However, in the first round of the playoffs, they fell in seven games to the Nashville Predators, which led to the firing of head coach Bruce Boudreau. On June 14, 2016, the Ducks announced they re-hired former head coach Randy Carlyle. On May 10, 2017, the Ducks ended their Game 7 losing streak when they defeated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20897723", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nAngeles Kings as both teams arenas are accessible via Interstate 5 in California and the fact that both teams are within the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. The Ducks also have a rivalry with the San Jose Sharks. Despite the arenas being six hours away from each other, the teams have developed a strong rivalry, primarily from the 2009 and 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Ducks won the series in 2009, but the Sharks came back in 2018. \"\"This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Ducks. For the full season-by-season history, see List of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4527229", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nat home against the Ottawa Senators. However, the Ducks lost Game 3 and Pronger received his second one-game suspension, this time for elbowing Dean McAmmond. The Ducks were again able to win without Pronger, defeating the Senators in Game 4 for an opportunity to win the Stanley Cup on home ice in Game 5. On June 6, the Ducks defeated the Senators 6–2 at Honda Center to claim their first Stanley Cup in franchise history. Travis Moen was credited with the Cup game-winning goal. Scott Niedermayer, the only player on the team who had previously won a Stanley Cup, was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608698", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nsince the 1925 Victoria Cougars, to win the Stanley Cup. After winning the Stanley Cup, Scott Niedermayer and Teemu Selanne stated their uncertainty about their return to the team for the 2007–08, both contemplating retirement. As a result of this indecision, general manager Brian Burke was active in the free agent market, eventually signing two veteran players in high-scoring defenseman Mathieu Schneider and gritty forward Todd Bertuzzi to two-year contracts to replace both Niedermayer and Selanne should the pair retire. Later on, Oilers general manager Kevin Lowe signed Dustin Penner to a restricted free agent offer sheet for $4.25 million", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608722", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\n7 by a score of 6–2 at the Honda Center. On May 19, 2014, the team announced a four-year contract extension for general manager Bob Murray to keep him under contract through to the 2019–20 season. Murray later won the NHL General Manager of the Year Award, while Ryan Getzlaf received his first-ever nominations for both the Hart Trophy and the Ted Lindsay Award, finishing as the unanimous runner-up to Pittsburgh captain Sidney Crosby. On June 27, 2014, the Ducks acquired center Ryan Kesler (as well as a third-round pick in 2015) from the Vancouver Canucks in exchange for Nick", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5250649", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nDucks had won a playoff series. In the Western Conference semi-finals, the Ducks faced their geographic rival and eventual Stanley Cup champion Los Angeles Kings for the first time ever in the playoffs. In a hotly contested series, the Ducks ultimately went down in seven games to their Southern Californian rivals, losing Game 7 by a score of 6–2 at the Honda Center. On June 27, 2014, the Ducks acquired center Ryan Kesler and a third-round pick in 2015 from the Vancouver Canucks. In the following season, they would win their third-straight Pacific Division title and finish as the top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8794237", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\npuck intentionally at Scott Niedermayer, which set off a brawl at the end of the period. In the third period, Dustin Penner scored a goal from a Selanne pass to score the eventual game-winner in a 3–2 victory. On June 6, the Ducks defeated the Senators 6–2 at Honda Center to claim their first-ever Stanley Cup in franchise history. Scott Niedermayer was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP, the second Duck to win the award after Giguere did so in 2003. After their championship victory, the Ducks became the first Californian team, and the first West Coast team", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4527199", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nAnaheim Ducks The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). Since their inception, the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center (formerly The Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim). The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, a name based on the 1992 film \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\". Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli, who along with then-general manager Brian Burke changed the name", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608662", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nimproved under the leadership of center Paul Kariya, who led the team to their first two Stanley Cup playoffs appearances in 1997 and 1999 while forming a potent line with Teemu Selanne, and later rode the strong goaltending of Jean-Sebastien Giguere to a Cinderella run to the franchise's first Stanley Cup Finals appearance in 2003, losing to the New Jersey Devils in seven games. Once Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli, the team's name was changed to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006–07 season, where the Ducks won the Stanley Cup in five games over", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4673261", "chunk_text": "\"Jonathan Bernier\"\nDucks in exchange for a conditional pick in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft on July 8, 2016. Reunited with Ducks Head Coach Randy Carlyle, who initially coached Bernier in his early tenure with the Maple Leafs, he assumed the backup duties to John Gibson for the 2016–17 season. He made his Ducks debut in a 3-2 defeat to the reigning champions, the Pittsburgh Penguins, on October 15, 2016. He collected his first win with the Ducks in a 4-1 result over the Calgary Flames on November 6, 2016. Throughout the season Bernier continued his re-emergence with the Ducks, filling in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5250650", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nseed in the West with 109 points. In the 2015 playoffs, they swept the Winnipeg Jets in the first round and beat the Calgary Flames in five games to set up a Western Conference final against the Chicago Blackhawks. After taking three games to two series lead on the strong play of goaltender Frederik Andersen, the Ducks lost the final two games of the series, including Game 7 on home ice. This marked the third-straight season the Ducks had lost a series in Game 7 at home after leading the series three games to two. On July 15, 2015, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608681", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nFinal, following 1982 and 1994; both times, the Vancouver Canucks had Cinderella runs halted; in 1982 by the New York Islanders and in 1994 by the New York Rangers. However, this was the first coast-to-coast Final played entirely in the United States. At the following 2003 NHL Entry Draft, the Ducks traded to get two first round draft picks. With those picks, the team selected Ryan Getzlaf 19th overall and Corey Perry 28th overall, two eventual franchise cornerstones. During the off-season, the Mighty Ducks were dealt a major blow after their captain Paul Kariya opted to sign a free agent", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4527271", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nand number font were included. The third jerseys of the Ducks were created in 1995, 1997, 2003, 2010, 2015 and 2018. The 1995 jersey was jade green with purple and white stripes on the collar and on the end of the sleeves. The logo was of team mascot Wildwing wearing a Mighty Ducks jersey while breaking through a sheet of ice. The jersey was short-lived; as severe criticism encouraged management to retire the jersey at the end of the 1995–96 season. The 2003 third jersey was black with purple and gray stripes at the waist and on the sleeves. It", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073657", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nsecond Pacific Division title in franchise history. In the Western Conference quarter-finals, they ended up losing to the seventh-seeded Detroit Red Wings in seven games, despite holding a 3–2 series lead after Game 5. Entering the 2013–14 season, the 20th anniversary of the franchise, it was announced that Teemu Selanne would be playing in his final NHL season. In the off-season, star forward Bobby Ryan was traded to the Ottawa Senators in exchange for forwards Jakob Silfverberg, Stefan Noesen and Ottawa's first-round pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, and the Ducks also signed defenseman Mark Fistric, center Mathieu Perreault", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9161810", "chunk_text": "\"Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\"\nDaniel Alfredsson and Wade Redden of the Ottawa Senators touched and picked up the Wales Trophy, respectively, but Anaheim Ducks captain Scott Niedermayer never came close to the Campbell Bowl; the Ducks won the Stanley Cup in five games. In 2008, neither the Pittsburgh Penguins' Sidney Crosby nor the Red Wings' Nicklas Lidstrom touched their respective conference trophies; the Red Wings won the Stanley Cup that year. The following year, however, Crosby decided to touch the Wales Trophy, and the Penguins went on to win the Stanley Cup. They did the same thing again in winning the 2016 and 2017", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073637", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\n\"\"Ducks\"\", with a webbed foot in place of the \"\"D\"\". The Ducks traded Joffrey Lupul, Ladislav Smid and a first-round draft pick to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for star defenseman Chris Pronger. With this trade, solid scoring lines, a shut-down line featuring Rob Niedermayer, Samuel Pahlsson and Travis Moen and an enviable defense, the Ducks were considered by many to be a Stanley Cup favorite. On November 9, 2006, the Ducks defeated the Vancouver Canucks 6–0 at General Motors Place in Vancouver to improve their season record to 12–0–4. The win set an NHL open era record by remaining", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8794235", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nNicklas Lidstrom. In overtime, Andy McDonald caused a turnover in front of the Detroit net, where Selanne quickly scored the game winner over Dominik Hasek. In Game 6, the Ducks held on to win 4–3 to earn their second Western Conference championship. The 2007 Stanley Cup Final pitted the Ducks against the Ottawa Senators. Ottawa was making their first appearance in the Finals. The Ducks fell behind 2–1 in Game 1 at home, but in the third period, Ryan Getzlaf tied the game and with few minutes remaining, Rob Niedermayer fed Travis Moen in the slot for the game winner.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7940813", "chunk_text": "\"National Hockey League rivalries\"\n1974 formation of the Smythe Division, which from 1981 onward would contain the westernmost teams in the NHL. It became the Pacific Division in 1993. The Ducks–Sharks rivalry has been going since 1993 when the Ducks came into existence. The rivalry got heated when the two faced each other in the 2009 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Ducks won the series 4–2. Both teams would meet again in the 2018 playoffs, where the Sharks would sweep the Ducks 4–0 in the first round. As of the November 23, 2018, San Jose leads the all-time series 77–58–4–9 (including a 6–4 playoff record)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19203171", "chunk_text": "\"Henry Samueli\"\nfaculty roster. In 2003 the Samueli's purchased the management contract for the Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim sports and entertainment venue, creating Anaheim Arena Management, LLC, to oversee all operations of the arena, and in 2005 they purchased the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim National Hockey League (NHL) club, the arena's largest tenant, from the Walt Disney Company for $75 million. In 2006, the Samueli's announced the team's name change to the Anaheim Ducks and the arena's name change to Honda Center. In 2007 the Anaheim Ducks became the first California team ever to win the Stanley Cup championship. As of December", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073619", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nwhich Disney would pay directly to the Los Angeles Kings in order to \"\"share\"\" Southern California. On March 1, 1993, at the brand-new Anaheim Arena – located a short distance east of Disneyland and across the Orange Freeway from Angel Stadium – the team got its name, inspired by the 1992 Disney movie \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\", based on a group of misfit kids who turn their losing youth hockey team into a winning team. Philadelphia-arena management specialist Tony Tavares was chosen to be team president, and Jack Ferreira, who previously helped create the San Jose Sharks, became the Ducks' general", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5250648", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nfor the Stanley Cup. The Ducks remained towards the top of the NHL standings for the entire season, ending the regular season with a franchise-best 54–20–8 record (116 points) and eventually finishing one point behind the Boston Bruins in the race for the Presidents' Trophy, awarded to the team finishing the regular season with the best record. The Ducks secured a second consecutive Pacific Division title and the number one seed in the Western Conference. Anaheim faced the eighth-seeded Dallas Stars in the Western Conference quarter-finals and were victorious in six games, marking the first time since 2009 that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4527273", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nmodern NHL days when a mainly black jersey was not worn with black pants; instead, the pants were purple. The 2010 third jersey was officially unveiled on November 26, 2010, against the Chicago Blackhawks, the day after Thanksgiving. The jersey features the webbed \"\"D\"\" on the chest with the recolored Mighty Ducks logo on each shoulder. It features striping similar to the regular uniforms, and orange is much more prominent as a secondary color. In June 2014, the third jersey was made as the Ducks' primary home jersey, alongside a white one in the same style for away. On October", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073680", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\n16, 2015, the Ducks unveiled a brand new, orange third jersey when they went up against the Colorado Avalanche. This jersey brought back the old Mighty Ducks logo and features a black collar with the \"\"Anaheim\"\" wordmark on the left side, the webbed \"\"D\"\" logo on the shoulders, and unique stripes that goes along with the teams home socks. For their Stadium Series game on January 25, 2014, the Ducks created a special jersey. This jersey is primarily orange with black lettering and numbers. The chromed Ducks logo, designed for the Stadium Series, is on the chest. There are gold,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2082098", "chunk_text": "\"Randy Carlyle\"\nRandy Carlyle Randolph Robert Carlyle (born April 19, 1956) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is the current head coach for the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and is the former head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. He is partially of Finnish descent, and was raised in Azilda, just northwest of Sudbury, Ontario. He won the Stanley Cup in 2007 with the Ducks during his first stint with the team. As a player, Carlyle dressed for over 1000 games between the Maple Leafs, Pittsburgh Penguins and Winnipeg Jets, winning the Norris", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073636", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nso the Ducks matched-up against the seventh-seeded Colorado Avalanche. Goaltender Ilya Bryzgalov shined as the Ducks swept the Avalanche in four-straight games, Bryzgalov breaking Giguere's scoreless streak record from the 2003 Stanley Cup playoffs. In the franchise's second Western Conference Finals appearance, they faced the eighth-seeded Edmonton Oilers, a series the Ducks would ultimately lose in five games. Prior to the 2006–07 season, the Ducks adopted a completely new look to go along with their new name; their team colors became black, gold and orange, and the logo of a duck-shaped goalie mask was dropped in favor of the word", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20897708", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nthe Edmonton Oilers, winning the series 4–3 and advancing to the Western Conference finals for the second time in three seasons. They would fall to the Nashville Predators in Game 6, ending their playoff run. In the following season, the Ducks failed to win the Pacific Division for the first time since the 2011–12 season. They clinched the playoffs, but were swept by the San Jose Sharks in the First Round. Founded in 1993, the then-called Mighty Ducks of Anaheim were directly named for \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\" movies. When The Walt Disney Company, which produced the movies and owned the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20897727", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nnetwork for the 1998–99 season, which would also carry Anaheim Angels baseball games, but the plan was abandoned. Anaheim Ducks The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). Since their inception, the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center (formerly The Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim). The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, a name based on the 1992 film \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\". Disney sold the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12722376", "chunk_text": "\"Oregon Ducks\"\n1967. Winning its first Rose Bowl in 1917 against the University of Pennsylvania under head coach Hugo Bezdek, the Ducks have returned to the Rose Bowl six additional times in 1920, 1957, 1995, 2010, 2012 and 2015;. While in the Pacific Coast Conference, the Ducks won five conference co-championships in 1919, 1933, 1948, and 1957. The Pacific Coast Conference was disbanded in 1958, and the Ducks played as an independent until they joined the PCC's effective successor, the Pacific-8 Conference (then officially the Athletic Association of Western Universities), which later became the Pacific-10 Conference and eventually the Pac-12 Conference, in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608684", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nin Anaheim, unlike Arturo Moreno did when he purchased the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim from Disney and decided to turn the team into a Los Angeles-based franchise (though still based in Anaheim at Angel Stadium). Brian Burke, former president and general manager of the Vancouver Canucks, was subsequently appointed the general manager and executive vice-president of the Mighty Ducks on June 20, 2005. On August 1, 2005, former James Norris Memorial Trophy-winning defenceman Randy Carlyle was hired as the seventh coach in team history. Burke was familiar with Carlyle's coaching ability, as the latter had coached the Manitoba Moose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18491231", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nTrophy and Hart Memorial Trophy. He became the first-ever Duck to win the Hart, as well as the first Richard winner as a Duck since Teemu Selanne won the award in 1999. However, Hiller was injured at the All-Star Game and missed the rest of the season. Even though the Ducks had a great season led by Perry, Hiller, Selanne, Visnovsky and Getzlaf, they would end up losing in the first round of the 2011 playoffs to the fifth-seeded Nashville Predators. Before the 2011–12 season began, the team mourned the loss of former Mighty Duck Ruslan Salei, who died in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16514743", "chunk_text": "\"Andy McDonald (ice hockey)\"\n6, 2013, citing concussion issues as the main reason for his decision. McDonald and his wife Gina have two children together, a son and a daughter. Andy McDonald (ice hockey) Andy McDonald (born August 25, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played for the Anaheim Ducks and the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL), winning the Stanley Cup with Anaheim in 2007. McDonald was first coached by his father, who originally had him play defence, but moved him to forward when it became evident he would be too small to make a career", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073633", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nVancouver Canucks general manager and president, was appointed general manager and executive vice-president of the Mighty Ducks on June 20, 2005. In January, Samueli announced the team would be renamed as simply the \"\"Anaheim Ducks\"\" as of the following season. On August 1, 2005, former Norris Trophy-winning defenseman Randy Carlyle was hired as the seventh head coach in team history. Burke was familiar with Carlyle's coaching ability, as the latter had coached the Manitoba Moose from 1996 to 2001 (International Hockey League) and 2004–05 (American Hockey League); the Moose had been the Canucks farm club since 2001. Carlyle replaced Mike", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8794206", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nHistory of the Anaheim Ducks The history of the Anaheim Ducks begins when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1993 as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. Founded as an expansion team in 1993 along with the Florida Panthers, the Ducks were originally owned by The Walt Disney Company, which named the franchise after its film \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\". Since their inception, the team has played at the Honda Center (formerly known as the Arrowhead Pond), located in Anaheim, California, close to both Disneyland and Angel Stadium. After initially struggling in their first two seasons, the Mighty Ducks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608663", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nthe Ottawa Senators. The Ducks have missed the playoffs only twice since then. The Mighty Ducks of Anaheim were founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company. The franchise was awarded by the NHL in December 1992, along with the rights to a Miami team that became the Florida Panthers. An entrance fee of $50 million was required, half of which Disney paid to the Los Angeles Kings as compensation for sharing the Southern California NHL market. On March 1, 1993, at the brand-new Anaheim Arena – located a short distance east of Disneyland and across the Orange Freeway from", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8794228", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nArrowhead Water's naming rights had expired. On July 3, 2006, the Ducks traded young sniper Joffrey Lupul, defensive prospect Ladislav Šmid, a 2007 first-round draft pick, a second-round choice in 2008 and a conditional first-round selection in 2008 to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for star defenceman Chris Pronger, who had publicly requested a trade from the Oilers ten days earlier citing personal reasons, with many speculating his wife was unhappy living in Edmonton. With stars Pronger and Scott Niedermayer on defense, the Ducks were picked by several publications as a favorite to win the 2007 Stanley Cup, and they", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5250663", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nseason, the Ducks, like all NHL teams, changed over to new Reebok Edge jerseys. The new team jersey shows only minor modifications from the 2006–07 season's jerseys, including a small NHL crest just below the neck, and a smaller ducks logo on the chest. After the first year of the Edge uniform system being in place, the Ducks increased the size of their logo. The Ducks would use these uniforms as their primary uniforms until the 2013–14 season. On June 27, 2014, the Ducks unveiled their new uniforms that were based on the 2010–2014 alternate jerseys. Changes to the collar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13190152", "chunk_text": "\"2007 Stanley Cup Finals\"\nfirst Stanley Cup becoming the eleventh post-1967 expansion team to win the NHL championship trophy, and the first Stanley Cup championship for a team from California (the Los Angeles Kings would eventually win Stanley Cups in 2012 and 2014). This was also the most recent year that both teams that went to the finals had never won the Stanley Cup before until the 2018 Stanley Cup Finals. Prior to the season, the Ducks had been the pick of many in the media to make it to the Final, and they did not disappoint. The second-seeded Anaheim Ducks defeated both the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7940825", "chunk_text": "\"National Hockey League rivalries\"\nSemifinals in 1997, where the Red Wings went on to win the Cup, and the Western Quarterfinals in 1999), and the Ducks afterwards beat the Red Wings en route to two Stanley Cup Finals: the Western Quarterfinals in 2003 and the 2007 Western Finals, where the Ducks later won the Stanley Cup. The next time both teams faced each other was a violent seven game series in the 2009 Western Semifinals, won by the Red Wings. In the 2013 Stanley Cup playoffs the teams had their last non-finals playoff encounter where the second-seeded Ducks were defeated by the Red Wings", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14203072", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nseason, many analysts pegged the Ducks as Stanley Cup favorites. However, scoring struggles led to a slow start, with the team still out of a playoff spot in December. The team improved afterwards riding the goaltending of John Gibson. History of the Anaheim Ducks The history of the Anaheim Ducks begins when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1993 as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. Founded as an expansion team in 1993 along with the Florida Panthers, the Ducks were originally owned by The Walt Disney Company, which named the franchise after its film \"\"The Mighty Ducks\"\".", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608719", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nfill Bobby Ryan's spot on the Ducks' top-line alongside Ryan Getzlaf and Corey Perry and reunite the former \"\"Kid Line\"\" that was so successful during the 2006–07 season. The 2013–14 season was a record-setting one for the Ducks, but one which began with a 6–1 mauling at the hands of the Colorado Avalanche, which saw respective head coaches Bruce Boudreau and Patrick Roy almost come to blows at the game's conclusion. The Ducks responded with seven-straight wins, a run which was repeated and surpassed twice more during the season, including a franchise-record setting ten consecutive wins from December 6 to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073638", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nundefeated in regulation for the first 16 games of the season, eclipsing the previous mark set by the 1983–84 Edmonton Oilers (the record has since been broken by the Chicago Blackhawks' 21–0–3 start during the 2012–13 season). Anaheim were subsequently shut out by the Flames the following game, 3–0, ending their streak. On January 16, 2007, the Ducks played in their franchise's 1,000th regular season game, and on March 11, the Ducks recorded their franchise's 1,000th point with a 4–2 win over the Canucks, which improved their franchise all-time record to 423–444–155, with 1,001 points. On April 7, the Ducks", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11608667", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\ngames in a row in November against Canadian Western Conference teams, and their first shut out in team history on December 15, 1993, a 1–0 win against the Toronto Maple Leafs. Led by captain Troy Loney, the Ducks entered February 1994 in eighth place in the Western Conference. However, any realistic chance the Ducks had of making the Stanley Cup playoffs ended with a 6–0 loss to the San Jose Sharks on April 1. The Ducks' finished the season 33–46–5, a record-breaking number of wins for an expansion team, which the Florida Panthers also achieved. The Ducks sold out 27", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8794266", "chunk_text": "\"History of the Anaheim Ducks\"\nthe regular season with the best record. The Ducks secured a second consecutive Pacific Division title and the number one seed in the Western Conference. Anaheim faced the eighth-seeded Dallas Stars in the Western Conference Quarterfinals, and were victorious in six games, marking the first time since 2009 the Ducks had won a playoff series. In the Western Conference Semifinals, the Ducks faced their geographic rival and eventual Stanley Cup champion Los Angeles Kings for the first time ever in the playoffs. In a hotly contested series, the Ducks ultimately went down in seven games to their rivals, losing Game", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8721300", "chunk_text": "\"Petr Sýkora\"\nPetr Sýkora Petr Sýkora (; born November 19, 1976) is a Czech retired professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New Jersey Devils, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, New York Rangers, Edmonton Oilers, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Minnesota Wild. He is a two-time Stanley Cup champion, having won with the Devils in 2000 and the Penguins in 2009. Sýkora has played in six Stanley Cup Finals in his NHL career. Before being drafted, Sýkora spent several seasons in the Czechoslovak Extraliga and the International Hockey League (IHL). As a Cleveland Lumberjack, Sýkora became the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1422201", "chunk_text": "\"Andy McDonald (ice hockey)\"\nAndy McDonald (ice hockey) Andy McDonald (born August 25, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played for the Anaheim Ducks and the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL), winning the Stanley Cup with Anaheim in 2007. McDonald was first coached by his father, who originally had him play defence, but moved him to forward when it became evident he would be too small to make a career as a defenceman. He played in the Strathroy & District Minor Hockey Association and moved onto the Elgin-Middlesex Chiefs AAA team. Andy played Junior B hockey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14161691", "chunk_text": "\"Petr Sýkora\"\nWorld Cup. Sýkora has also won three Men's World Ice Hockey Championships medals, one bronze (1998) and two gold medals (1999 and 2005). Petr Sýkora Petr Sýkora (; born November 19, 1976) is a Czech retired professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New Jersey Devils, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, New York Rangers, Edmonton Oilers, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Minnesota Wild. He is a two-time Stanley Cup champion, having won with the Devils in 2000 and the Penguins in 2009. Sýkora has played in six Stanley Cup Finals in his NHL career. Before", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17073669", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nDucks signed Ryan Kesler to a six-year contract extension totaling a reported $41.25 million. Just prior to the 2015 NHL Entry Draft, the Ducks sent Emerson Etem and a draft pick to the New York Rangers in exchange for speedy left-wing Carl Hagelin. They also traded for Vancouver Canucks defenseman Kevin Bieksa and adding veterans Shawn Horcoff, Chris Stewart and Mike Santorelli. Entering the 2015–16 NHL season, many analysts pegged the Ducks as Stanley Cup favorites. However, scoring struggles led to a slow start, with the team still out of a playoff spot in December. The team improved afterwards riding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20897645", "chunk_text": "\"Anaheim Ducks\"\nHowever, in the second round, they lost to the eventual Stanley Cup champions the Detroit Red Wings in a four-game sweep. After the season, Ron Wilson was fired after saying he would like to coach the Washington Capitals. Pierre Page succeeded him. The Ducks started out slowly in 1997–98, in part because Kariya missed the first 32 games of the season in a contract dispute. He came back in December, but on February 1, he suffered a season-ending concussion when the Chicago Blackhawks' Gary Suter cross-checked him in the face. With Kariya playing only a total of 22 games that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3292	when is the last time congress passed a complete budget?	n/a	[ "FY2010", "March 23, 2013" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10538177", "chunk_text": "\"United States budget process\"\npassed a budget resolution for FY2011, FY2012, or FY2013, and passed the FY2014 budget resolution on March 23, 2013, 23 days before the April 15 deadline set by the No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013. This was the first budget resolution passed by the Senate since a FY2010 budget passed on April 29, 2009. The House and Senate may propose a budget independently of the President's budget. For example, for the 2014 budget process, the House prepared its budget proposal on March 21 and the Senate proposed a budget on March 23, while the President's budget was not submitted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1580203", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States federal budget\"\nexpected to be opposed by Congress, to fund programs in education and infrastructure. Congress passed its budget resolution in May 2015. It was the first budget resolution successfully passed by Congress in over five years. Congressional budget resolutions are non-binding and largely symbolic, in that the actual spending levels are specified in much greater detail in the appropriations bills to be passed later in the year. The bill envisioned increasing military spending and decreasing social programs, with the goal of having a balanced budget by 2025. The passage of a budget resolution opened the way for budget reconciliation procedures to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17186521", "chunk_text": "\"2015 United States federal budget\"\n2015 United States federal budget The 2015 United States federal budget is the federal budget for fiscal year 2015, which runs from October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015. The budget takes the form of a budget resolution which must be agreed to by both the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate in order to become final, but never receives the signature or veto of the President of the United States and does not become law. Until both the House and the Senate pass the same concurrent resolution, no final budget exists. Actual U.S. federal government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "112954", "chunk_text": "\"2014 United States federal budget\"\ntwo continuing resolutions. Final funding for the government was enacted as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, enacted on January 17, 2014. The House Budget Committee reported out the House Budget Bill () on March 15, 2013 which was introduced and sponsored by budget committee chairman Paul Ryan (R-WI) to the United States House of Representatives. It passed the House on March 21, 2013, 221-207. Along with setting forth the congressional budget for the federal government for fiscal year 2014, it proposed budget levels for fiscal 2015 through 2023 with respect to federal revenues, new budget authority,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8152014", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States federal budget\"\nof a DACA provision. However, it passed the Senate 71–28 and the House 240–186 after midnight, and President Trump signed the bill early that morning, prior to when furloughs were to begin. In all, the funding gap lasted nine hours. On the evening of March 21, 2018, the text of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 was released, with Congress expecting to approve it within two days. In March 2018, the House passed the legislation in a 256–167 vote and the Senate with 65–32. President Trump signed it into law on 23 March 2018. On December 20, 2017, Congress passed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515590", "chunk_text": "\"2017 United States federal budget\"\nMilitary Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2017, and Zika Response and Preparedness Act. The remaining funding was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, enacted on May 5, 2017. The federal budget outlines the government’s plans for spending and revenue. In the United States, the federal budget request is first introduced by the president. The federal budget and all appropriations must then be written and approved by the United States Congress. In Congress the process begins with the House Budget Committee and the Senate Budget Committee creating their own budget. After both houses", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14565277", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States federal budget\"\n2018 United States federal budget The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2018, which ran from October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018, was named America First: A Budget Blueprint to Make America Great Again. It was the first budget proposed by newly-elected President Donald Trump, submitted to the 115th Congress on March 16, 2017. The government was initially funded through a series of five temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, enacted on March 23, 2018. Donald Trump was elected as President of the United States", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3981810", "chunk_text": "\"2013 United States federal budget\"\nend of the 112th Congress at noon on January 3. The House passed the bill without amendments by a margin of 257–167 at about 11 p. m. EST on January 1, 2013. 85 Republicans and 172 Democrats voted in favor while 151 Republicans and 16 Democrats were opposed. The spending bill for the remainder of the fiscal year, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013, was passed by the Senate 73–26 on March 20, 2013, by the House the following day in a 318-109 vote, and signed by President Obama on March 26, 2013. The legislation shifted some money", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1580202", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States federal budget\"\n2013 because the FY2016 discretionary defense cap is still slightly larger than the FY2015 cap in nominal terms. The budget and appropriations legislation will be the first passed since Republicans gained majorities in both houses of the United States Congress in the 2014 midterm elections. The Obama administration's budget was transmitted to Congress on February 2, 2015. The administration requested funding levels for discretionary spending that were 7% over the budget caps specified in the Budget Control Act of 2011, roughly equally split between defense and non-defense programs. It envisioned large tax increases on corporations and the wealthy, which were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515589", "chunk_text": "\"2017 United States federal budget\"\n2017 United States federal budget The 2017 United States federal budget is the United States federal budget for fiscal year 2017, which lasted from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. President Barack Obama submitted a budget proposal to the 114th Congress on February 9, 2016. The 2017 fiscal year overlaps the end of the Obama administration and the beginning of the Trump administration. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Funding for military construction and the Department of Veterans Affairs was enacted on September 29, 2016 as part of the Continuing Appropriations and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "783457", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States federal budget\"\nSenate with a vote of 64–35, with 35 Republicans voting against. It was signed by the President on November 2, 2015. The Treasury had estimated that extraordinary measures used to fund the government beyond October 1 would likely be exhausted no later than November 3. Congress passed a five-day extension of the continuing resolution on December 11, 2015. A bipartisan deal to pass the appropriations legislation, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, was announced on December 15. In early December, the Senate passed an amended version of the healthcare reconciliation bill, sending it back to the House. It was passed by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515598", "chunk_text": "\"2017 United States federal budget\"\npart of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 and Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017. Receipts by source: \"\"(in billions of dollars)\"\" 2017 United States federal budget The 2017 United States federal budget is the United States federal budget for fiscal year 2017, which lasted from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. President Barack Obama submitted a budget proposal to the 114th Congress on February 9, 2016. The 2017 fiscal year overlaps the end of the Obama administration and the beginning of the Trump administration. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8162873", "chunk_text": "\"Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2015\"\nOctober 16, Congress passed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, and the President signed it shortly after midnight on October 17, ending the government shutdown and suspending the debt limit until February 7, 2014. In reaction to this situation, House Committee on Appropriations Chairman Hal Rogers has stated that his goal is to pass all twelve regular appropriations bills for 2015 before Congress has a recess in August because he wants to avoid a similar situation. This bill is the earliest to be considered since 1974, according to the Chairman. The appropriations process for fiscal year 2015 was widely \"\"viewed as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14936322", "chunk_text": "\"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016\"\nCommittee on Appropriations. The bill first passed the US House of Representatives on April 30, 2015, by a vote of 255-163, largely along party lines. President Obama threatened to veto the legislation as written, in line with his earlier statements opposing spending bills not preventing the automatic spending cuts due to budget sequestration. The bill remained in the US Senate for several months, deliberately stalled by Senate Democrats. The Senate voted on the bill on November 10, 2015, passing it unanimously, 93-0. Facing a possible government shutdown on September 30, 2015 (the end of fiscal year 2015), Congress passed the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17186526", "chunk_text": "\"2015 United States federal budget\"\nregular appropriations bills or, in their absence, a continuing resolution or omnibus spending bill, must be enacted by October 1 in order to fund the government, regardless of whether a budget resolution is ever agreed to in Congress. House rules allow the House to begin considering appropriation bills after May 15 whether a budget resolution has been agreed to or not. President Barack Obama submitted his fiscal year 2015 budget request for $3.9 trillion in spending to Congress on March 4, 2014. Federal budget law ((a)) in effect at that time required that the President submit the budget between the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12485670", "chunk_text": "\"2006 United States federal budget\"\n2006 United States federal budget The 2006 United States Federal Budget began as a proposal by President George W. Bush to fund government operations for October 1, 2005 – September 30, 2006. The requested budget was submitted to the 109th Congress on February 7, 2005. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. Final funding for the government was enacted as several appropriations bills enacted between August 2 and December 30, 2005. As of 2018, this is the last fiscal year to be funded without the use of an omnibus spending bill or full-year continuing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20179582", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States federal budget\"\n2016 United States federal budget The United States Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 2016 began as a budget proposed by President Barack Obama to fund government operations for October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016. The requested budget was submitted to the 114th Congress on February 2, 2015. The government was initially funded through a series of three temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as an omnibus spending bill, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, enacted on December 18, 2015. The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA) had established spending caps on defense and non-defense spending. These were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13327857", "chunk_text": "\"United States budget process\"\nwhen the previous president belonged to a different party. The 2014 United States federal budget was not submitted by the President until April 10, 2013 due to negotiations over the United States fiscal cliff and implementation of the sequester cuts mandated by the Budget Control Act of 2011. (The House had already prepared its budget proposal on March 21, and the Senate proposed a budget on March 23.) President Warren G. Harding brought about the enactment of the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which, for the first time, required the President to submit a budget annually to Congress and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19613247", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States federal budget\"\nthe House on January 6, 2016, and vetoed by President Obama on January 8, only the sixth veto of his presidency. The House failed to override the President's veto on February on a vote of 241–186, which did not meet the required two-thirds supermajority. Receipts by source: \"\"(in billions of dollars)\"\" 2016 United States federal budget The United States Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 2016 began as a budget proposed by President Barack Obama to fund government operations for October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016. The requested budget was submitted to the 114th Congress on February 2, 2015. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "112973", "chunk_text": "\"2014 United States federal budget\"\nwas passed lasting three days. The full-year omnibus spending bill, called the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, was passed in January 2014. \"\"(In billions of dollars)\"\": In billions of dollars: House bill Senate bill 2014 United States federal budget The 2014 United States federal budget is the budget to fund government operations for the fiscal year (FY) 2014, which began on October 1, 2013 and ended on September 30, 2014. President Obama submitted the FY2014 budget proposal on April 10, 2013, two months past the February 4 legal deadline due to negotiations over the United States fiscal cliff and implementation of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14565278", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States federal budget\"\nin the November 8, 2016 election, campaigning for the Republican Party on a platform of tax cuts and projects like the Mexican border wall. During his campaign, Trump promised to cut federal spending and taxes for individuals and corporations. The Trump administration proposed its 2018 budget on February 27, 2017, ahead of his address to Congress, outlining $54 billion in cuts to federal agencies and an increase in defense spending. On March 16, 2017, President Trump sent his budget proposal to Congress, remaining largely unchanged from the initial proposal. The Congressional Budget Office reported its evaluation of the budget on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13843452", "chunk_text": "\"Political debates about the United States federal budget\"\nyears, or actual figures vs. CBO baseline forecasts before and after major legislation is passed, to evaluate the effect of that legislation. Fiscal year 2018 (FY 2018) ran from October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018. It was the first fiscal year budgeted by President Trump. The Treasury department reported on October 15, 2018 that the budget deficit rose from $666 billion in FY2017 to $779 billion in FY2018, an increase of $113 billion or 17.0%. Tax receipts increased 0.4%, while outlays increased 3.2%. Tax revenues typically rise in a growing economy; they grow more slowly under a CBO baseline", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20910548", "chunk_text": "\"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014\"\nthe budget, as the U.S. Constitution (Article I, section 9, clause 7) states that \"\"No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.\"\" The President does not sign the final budget. In 2013, the House of Representatives passed its budget proposal, , prior to the submission of the President's budget proposal, as did the Senate . The House and Senate budget resolutions were not expected to be reconciled as a final budget.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8152012", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States federal budget\"\nnot sufficiently funded, armed, trained and equipped.” On September 8, 2017, Trump signed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 and Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Requirements Act, 2017 . The bill contained a continuing resolution and a suspension of the debt ceiling lasting until December 8, as well as additional disaster funding for FY2017. Two additional continuing resolutions were passed: the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 () funding the government through December 22, 2017, and the Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 () funding it through January 19, 2018. As of January 19, 2018, the Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20179587", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States federal budget\"\ncaps, continuing debate over the Iran nuclear deal, and keeping the Highway Trust Fund from running out of money. However, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2016 was passed on September 30, 2015, funding the government through December 11 at roughly the same levels as FY2015, without any other policy provisions favored by conservatives. The bill was passed in large part due to the announcement a week earlier of John Boehner's resignation as Speaker of the House. The House passed the Restoring Americans' Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act of 2015 on October 23, 2015 under the budget reconciliation process, which prevents the possibility", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14348261", "chunk_text": "\"Government shutdowns in the United States\"\nHouse on one side and President Barack Obama and the Senate on the other led to a budget impasse which threatened massive disruption. Late in the evening of October 16, 2013, Congress passed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, and the President signed it shortly after midnight on October 17, ending the government shutdown and suspending the debt limit until February 7, 2014. The first shutdown of 2018 began at midnight EST on January 20. On January 19, a bill failed to pass the Senate 50–49 with the majority of Democrats voting \"\"no\"\". Five Republicans voted \"\"no\"\" and five Democrats voted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13542643", "chunk_text": "\"2012 United States federal budget\"\n2012 and subsequent years in return for raising the debt limit. On July 19, 2011, the Republican-led House passed a bill, the Cut, Cap and Balance Act, by a margin of 234–190 which would require $111 billion in cuts in 2012 spending levels, exempting defense, Medicare, and Social Security from these cuts, and would limit subsequent federal spending to about 20% of the gross national product as compared to the current 24%. It did not immediately increase the debt limit, but would have required Congress to pass a Balanced Budget Amendment to the United States Constitution before increasing the debt", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "783455", "chunk_text": "\"2016 United States federal budget\"\nbill was expected to be vetoed by President Obama should it pass the Senate. Just before midnight on October 26, 2015, Republican and Democratic leaders reached an agreement to increase the budget caps imposed by the Budget Control Act of 2011 for fiscal years 2016 and 2017, and temporarily suspend the debt limit until March 15, 2017. The agreement authorizes $80 billion in increased spending over two years, which is to be offset by changes in Medicare, Social Security disability insurance, selling off oil from the strategic petroleum reserves, and other changes. The deal also repeals a provision of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18801037", "chunk_text": "\"Appropriations bill (United States)\"\nthe maximum level authorized, a lesser amount, or not at all. Between fiscal year 1977 and fiscal year 2012, Congress only passed all twelve regular appropriations bills on time in four years - fiscal years 1977, 1989, 1995, and 1997. Every other fiscal year since 1977 has required at least one continuing resolution. For example, in 2013, Congress failed to agree on any regular appropriations bills prior to the start of fiscal year 2014. An attempt was made to pass the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res 59) prior to October 1, but the House and Senate could not agree on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515592", "chunk_text": "\"2017 United States federal budget\"\nin FY2013. Just before midnight on October 26, 2015, Republican and Democratic leaders reached an agreement, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, to increase the budget caps imposed by the BCA for fiscal years by $50 billion in FY2016 and $30 billion in FY2017, and temporarily suspend the debt limit until March 15, 2017. The increased spending was to be offset by changes in Medicare, Social Security disability insurance, selling off oil from the strategic petroleum reserves, and other changes. The Obama administration's proposed budget for 2017 proposed spending $4.2 trillion and raising $3.6 trillion in tax revenue. The administration's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3883135", "chunk_text": "\"United States federal budget\"\n\"\"This huge move into surplus reflects the end of the housing bubble, a sharp rise in household saving, and a slump in business investment due to lack of customers.\"\" Fiscal year 2018 (FY 2018) ran from October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018. It was the first fiscal year budgeted by President Trump. The Treasury department reported on October 15, 2018 that the budget deficit rose from $666 billion in FY2017 to $779 billion in FY2018, an increase of $113 billion or 17.0%. In dollar terms, tax receipts increased 0.4%, while outlays increased 3.2%. Revenue fell from 17.2% GDP in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17186535", "chunk_text": "\"2015 United States federal budget\"\nin 2015. The Congressional Progressive Caucus proposal would spend $3.2 trillion and included higher taxes on millionaires. It would also end the sequester. The House voted against this proposal 89-327 on April 9, 2014. The Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015 funded the government through a continuing resolution through December 11, 2014. On September 17, 2014, the House passed the bill 319-108, and on September 18, 2014, the United States Senate passed it 78-22. On December 11, 2014, the House passed the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015, popularly called the \"\"cromnibus\"\" bill, combining an omnibus spending bill funding the federal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7150906", "chunk_text": "\"2017 United States federal budget\"\nlegislation would distract Congress from other priorities during the beginning of Trump's administration. The final bill, the Further Continuing and Security Assistance Appropriations Act, 2017, extended funding through April 28, 2017. It was passed by the House and Senate on December 8 and 9, 2016, respectively. The passage of the bill in the Senate was delayed after Democrats objected to the fact that an extension of health benefits for retired miners would not last until the end of the year, but a compromise was made to take up the matter in January. On January 12, 2017, the Senate voted 51", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20361116", "chunk_text": "\"1996 United States federal budget\"\nenacted a presidential line-item veto. The last of the budget legislation, an omnibus appropriations bill combining the remaining bills, was passed on April 26, 1996, containing $23 billion in spending cuts. Receipts by source: \"\"(in billions of dollars)\"\" The February 1995 budget request contained $1.6121 trillion in outlays, of which $549.0 billion were discretionary and $1,063.2 billion were mandatory. The enacted budget contained $1.5603 trillion in outlays, of which $534.4 billion were discretionary and $1,026.0 billion were mandatory. Outlays by budget function: \"\"(in millions)\"\" The proposed budget contained an estimated deficit of $196.7 billion and the estimated deficit for enacted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3981804", "chunk_text": "\"2013 United States federal budget\"\nbudget proposal; by contrast, Congressional Republicans claimed that their amendment included ample data taken directly from said budget. On July 31, 2012, a tentative deal was announced to fund the government from October 2012 through March 2013 through a continuing resolution, with spending rates slightly higher than the FY2012 levels. The deal was reached because Republicans were eager to avoid a prolonged dispute that could threaten a government shutdown just before the upcoming 2012 general elections. The bill, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013, was passed in the House 329–91, passed in the Senate 62–30, and signed by President Obama on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4515597", "chunk_text": "\"2017 United States federal budget\"\non March 16, 2017. The budget also proposed changes to the BCA spending caps for FY2017, with defense spending increasing by $25 billion (from $551 to $576 billion), and non-defense spending decreasing by $15 billion (from $519 billion to $504 billion). On April 28, 2017, Congress passed a one-week continuing resolution that extended funding through May 5, 2017. On May 1, a bipartisan agreement was announced on the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, which included all of the remaining appropriations bills. Near the end of the fiscal year, on September 8, additional disaster funding due to Hurricane Harvey was enacted as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13843512", "chunk_text": "\"Political debates about the United States federal budget\"\nwhile President Obama did not. President Barack Obama proposed his 2010 budget during February, 2009. He has indicated that health care, clean energy, education, and infrastructure will be priorities. The proposed increases in the national debt exceed $900 billion each year from 2010–2019, following the Bush administration's outgoing budget which allowed for a $1.4 trillion increase in the national debt for FY 2009. Tax cuts will expire for the wealthiest taxpayers to increase revenues, returning marginal rates to the Clinton levels. Further, the base Department of Defense budget increases slightly through 2014 (Table S-7), from $534 to $575 billion, although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14686628", "chunk_text": "\"Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2015\"\nthe evening of October 16, 2013, Congress passed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, and the President signed it shortly after midnight on October 17, ending the government shutdown and suspending the debt limit until February 7, 2014. In reaction to this situation, House Committee on Appropriations Chairman Hal Rogers has stated that his goal is to pass all twelve regular appropriations bills for 2015 before Congress has a recess in August because he wants to avoid a similar situation. \"\"This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.\"\" The Financial Services", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18808147", "chunk_text": "\"Continuing resolution\"\nanother continuing resolution, Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2014, to provide funding until January 18, 2014. Congress finally passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, an omnibus appropriations bill, on January 17, 2014 to provide funding for the remaining fiscal year 2014. Beginning in September 2010, Congress passed a series of continuing resolutions to fund the government. The government began fiscal year 2013 operating under the \"\"Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013\"\" (), which provided funding through March 27, 2013. It was signed by President Obama on September 28, 2012. Spending through the end of fiscal year 2013 is authorized by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11940455", "chunk_text": "\"Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016\"\nConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (, ), also known as the 2016 omnibus spending bill, is the United States appropriations legislation passed during the 114th Congress which provides spending permission to a number of federal agencies for the fiscal year of 2016. The bill authorizes $1.1 trillion in spending, as well as $700 billion in tax breaks. The bill provides funding to the federal government through September 30, 2016. The bill began as a $78 billion spending bill for Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies, one of the twelve subcommittees of the US Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16823935", "chunk_text": "\"Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act\"\nand the Senate by 61–31, and President Ronald Reagan signed the bill on December 12, 1985. On August 12, 1986, Representative Dan Rostenkowski introduced the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act. The Senate passed the bill with two amendments by a vote of 36–35, and the House approved the Senate's first amendment by voice vote but rejected the second amendment. The Senate rescinded that amendment by voice vote and President Reagan signed the bill on August 21. The process for determining the amount of the automatic cuts was found unconstitutional in the case of \"\"Bowsher v. Synar,\"\" ()", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12207024", "chunk_text": "\"2012 United States federal budget\"\nthrough the first seven weeks of the 2012 fiscal year, until November 18, 2011. The House passed the short-term resolution on September 29, 2011 by unanimous consent in an unusual example of passing legislation during a \"\"pro forma\"\" session. After the House came back into normal session, the second continuing resolution was passed by a vote of 352–66 on October 4, 2011. On November 18, 2011, the first appropriations bill was enacted, the \"\"Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2012\"\". It combined the three appropriations bills for Agriculture, Commerce/Justice/Science (CJS), and Transportation/Housing and Urban Development (THUD), and also contained a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14565284", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States federal budget\"\nwas under consideration to extend funding through February 16, 2018. The failure of the bill to pass the Senate led to the first United States federal government shutdown of 2018. On Friday, February 9, funding lapsed again at midnight after Senator Rand Paul delayed the vote on the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, which included another continuing resolution, by objecting to measures requiring unanimous consent to expedite the parliamentary process. In addition, its passage was uncertain in the House due to opposition by both fiscal conservatives who objected to the increased deficit spending, and by liberals who opposed the omission", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15523545", "chunk_text": "\"2014 United States federal budget\"\n2014 United States federal budget The 2014 United States federal budget is the budget to fund government operations for the fiscal year (FY) 2014, which began on October 1, 2013 and ended on September 30, 2014. President Obama submitted the FY2014 budget proposal on April 10, 2013, two months past the February 4 legal deadline due to negotiations over the United States fiscal cliff and implementation of the sequester cuts mandated by the Budget Control Act of 2011. The House of Representatives passed its proposal, H.Con.Res 25, prior to the submission of the President's budget proposal, as did the Senate", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4460458", "chunk_text": "\"Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013\"\nBipartisan Budget Act of 2013 The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (; ) is a federal statute concerning spending and the budget in the United States, that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on December 26, 2013. On December 10, 2013, pursuant to the provisions of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 calling for a joint budget conference to work on possible compromises, Representative Paul Ryan and Senator Patty Murray announced a compromise that they had agreed to after extended discussions between them. The law raises the sequestration caps for fiscal years 2014 and 2015, in return for extending", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10538176", "chunk_text": "\"United States budget process\"\nCBO budget report, and each committee submits a budget resolution to its house by April 1. The House and Senate each consider these budget resolutions, and are expected to pass them, possibly with amendments, by April 15. A budget resolution is a kind of concurrent resolution; it is not a law, and therefore does not require the President's signature. There is no obligation for either or both houses of Congress to pass a budget resolution. There may not be a resolution every year; if none is established, the previous year's resolution remains in force. For example, the Senate has not", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17885320", "chunk_text": "\"United States fiscal cliff\"\nwas seen as an attempt to delay a showdown on the debt limit given their experience with the 2011 debt-ceiling crisis, as well as the recent Democratic gains in the 2012 elections. On January 31, 2013, the Senate approved and the House passed debt limit bill (H.R. 325) known as No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 in a 64-to-34 vote. The legislation extends the current borrowing cap of $16.4 trillion through at least May 18, 2013. The May 18 deadline is after the March 1 deadline for the sequestration, and the March 27 expiration of the continuing resolution funding", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8152010", "chunk_text": "\"2018 United States federal budget\"\nnot require extension for FY2018. On October 17, 2017, the Senate started to debate the 2018 proposed budget. On October 19, 2017, Senator Heidi Heitkamp (D-N.D.) proposed an amendment to prevent tax increases on people making less than $250,000 a year. It would have also required the Senate to approve a tax-reform bill with 60 votes rather than a simple majority. Senate Budget Committee Chairman Mike Enzi (R-Wyo.) called this language a “poison pill,” and the amendment was defeated 51-47. Several Republican amendments were adopted with broad support. Senator Jeff Flake (R-Ariz.) proposed language to make the “American tax system", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3883091", "chunk_text": "\"United States federal budget\"\ngovernment agencies provide budget data and analysis. These include the Government Accountability Office (GAO), the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the Treasury Department. These agencies have reported that the federal government is facing many important long-run financing challenges, primarily driven by an aging population, rising interest payments, and spending for healthcare programs like Medicare and Medicaid. President Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act into law in December 2017. CBO forecasts that the 2017 Tax Act will increase the sum of budget deficits (debt) by $2.289 trillion over the 2018-2027 decade, or", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7450401", "chunk_text": "\"Balanced budget amendment\"\ndebt. A recession, tax cuts and increases in military and other spending have eliminated late 1990s-era surpluses. Both the deficit and debt grew to the largest in U.S. history. In fiscal years starting September 30, 2002, and ending September 30, 2004, the deficit increased nearly 50%. By 2008, the last full year of George W. Bush's presidency, the deficit had almost doubled again, for the first time exceeding $1 trillion. As a result, during the administration of President George W. Bush, the \"\"gross debt\"\" increased from $5.7 trillion in January 2001 to $10.7 trillion by December 2008, rising from 57.0%", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3293	what is the real name of our sun?	n/a	[ "The Sun" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "170942", "chunk_text": "Sun\nDutch \"\"zon\"\", Old High German \"\"sunna\"\", modern German \"\"Sonne\"\", Old Norse \"\"sunna\"\", and Gothic \"\"sunnō\"\". All Germanic terms for the Sun stem from Proto-Germanic \"\"sunnōn\"\". The Latin name for the Sun, \"\"Sol\"\", is used at times as another name for the Sun, but is not commonly used in everyday English. \"\"Sol\"\" is also used by planetary astronomers to refer to the duration of a solar day on another planet, such as Mars. The related word \"\"solar\"\" is the usual adjectival term used for the Sun, in terms such as solar day, solar eclipse, and Solar System. A mean Earth solar", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859491", "chunk_text": "Sun\nSun The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.<ref name=\"\"doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012\"\"></ref> It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, or 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth. It accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Roughly three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9310599", "chunk_text": "\"Our Mr. Sun\"\nSun is a star. Mr. Sun explains that he was worshipped as various gods (Shamash, Mithra, Ra and Apollo) until Anaxagoras proclaimed the Sun was a very hot stone and not a god. Logic and reasoning were the beginning of the end of worshiping the Sun as algebra and the astrolabe were used to study the heavens. Dr. Research explains that the Sun is 93 million miles away and its light takes 8 minutes to reach the earth. Light from the next closest star, Alpha Centauri, takes more than 4 years to get to us at a speed greater than", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "170943", "chunk_text": "Sun\nday is approximately 24 hours, whereas a mean Martian 'sol' is 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. The English weekday name \"\"Sunday\"\" stems from Old English (\"\"Sunnandæg\"\"; \"\"Sun's day\"\", from before 700) and is ultimately a result of a Germanic interpretation of Latin \"\"dies solis\"\", itself a translation of the Greek ἡμέρα ἡλίου (\"\"hēméra hēlíou\"\"). Solar deities play a major role in many world religions and mythologies. The ancient Sumerians believed that the sun was Utu, the god of justice and twin brother of Inanna, the Queen of Heaven, who was identified as the planet Venus. Later, Utu was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "170941", "chunk_text": "Sun\nstill glow and give off heat from its previous fusion. The enormous effect of the Sun on Earth has been recognized since prehistoric times, and the Sun has been regarded by some cultures as a deity. The synodic rotation of Earth and its orbit around the Sun are the basis of solar calendars, one of which is the predominant calendar in use today. The English proper name \"\"Sun\"\" developed from Old English \"\"sunne\"\" and may be related to \"\"south\"\". Cognates to English \"\"sun\"\" appear in other Germanic languages, including Old Frisian \"\"sunne\"\", \"\"sonne\"\", Old Saxon \"\"sunna\"\", Middle Dutch \"\"sonne\"\", modern", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5695564", "chunk_text": "\"True name\"\nTrue name A true name is a name of a thing or being that expresses, or is somehow identical to, its true nature. The notion that language, or some specific sacred language, refers to things by their true names has been central to philosophical study as well as various traditions of magic, religious invocation and mysticism (mantras) since antiquity. The true name of the Egyptian sun god Ra was revealed to Isis through an elaborate trick. This gave Isis complete power over Ra and allowed her to put her son Horus on the throne. Socrates in Plato's \"\"Cratylus\"\" considers, without", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859492", "chunk_text": "Sun\nmostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V) based on its spectral class. As such, it is informally and not completely accurately referred to as a yellow dwarf (its light is closer to white than yellow). It formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of matter within a region of a large molecular cloud. Most of this matter gathered in the center, whereas the rest flattened into an orbiting disk that became the Solar System. The central mass became so hot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859509", "chunk_text": "Sun\nthese elements in so-called Population II, heavy-element-poor, stars. The heavy elements could most plausibly have been produced by endothermic nuclear reactions during a supernova, or by transmutation through neutron absorption within a massive second-generation star. The Sun is by far the brightest object in the Earth's sky, with an apparent magnitude of −26.74. This is about 13 billion times brighter than the next brightest star, Sirius, which has an apparent magnitude of −1.46. The mean distance of the Sun's center to Earth's center is approximately , though the distance varies as Earth moves from perihelion in January to aphelion in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20600512", "chunk_text": "\"Astronomical naming conventions\"\nin the WGSN's second bulletin issued in October 2016. The next additions were done on 1 February, 30 June, 5 September and 19 November 2017, and on 6 June 2018. All are included on the current List of IAU-approved Star Names, last updated on 1 June 2018. The star nearest to Earth is typically referred to simply as \"\"the Sun\"\" or its equivalent in the language being used (for instance, if two astronomers were speaking French, they would call it \"\"le Soleil\"\"). However, it is sometimes called by its Latin name, Sol, in science fiction. With the advent of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859569", "chunk_text": "Sun\nhas been an object of veneration in many cultures throughout human history. Humanity's most fundamental understanding of the Sun is as the luminous disk in the sky, whose presence above the horizon creates day and whose absence causes night. In many prehistoric and ancient cultures, the Sun was thought to be a solar deity or other supernatural entity. Worship of the Sun was central to civilizations such as the ancient Egyptians, the Inca of South America and the Aztecs of what is now Mexico. In religions such as Hinduism, the Sun is still considered a god. Many ancient monuments were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9832238", "chunk_text": "\"Our Mr. Sun\"\n186,000 miles per second. The sun weighs the same as 330,000 earths and is 95% hydrogen and helium gas and not solid. The Sun is compressed by gravity so tightly that the gas at the center is more than 100 times heavier than water with a pressure of one billion tons per square inch while the surface is about one pound per square inch. The center is 30 million degrees Fahrenheit while the surface is only 10,000 degrees, but the corona is 1 million degrees Fahrenheit though nobody knows why, so scientists study the corona during each solar eclipse. Dr.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9832243", "chunk_text": "\"Our Mr. Sun\"\nreach the Earth. The earth receives one billion dollars of solar energy from the Sun every second when the rate is $0.02 per kilowatt-hour. The earth receives only one two-billionth of the total energy output by the Sun, which is about 500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 horsepower. The Sun generates this energy through thermonuclear reactions roughly equal to 10,000 hydrogen bombs going off every second and has been doing so for the last 4 billion years. Dr. Hans Bethe, in 1938, was the first to determine this fact. Every second, the sun converts 564 million tons of hydrogen into 560 million tons of helium", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6510930", "chunk_text": "\"Sól (sun)\"\nSól (sun) Sól (Old Norse \"\"Sun\"\") or Sunna (Old High German, and existing as an Old Norse and Icelandic synonym: see Wiktionary sunna, \"\"Sun\"\") is the Sun personified in Germanic mythology. One of the two Old High German Merseburg Incantations, written in the 9th or 10th century CE, attests that Sunna is the sister of Sinthgunt. In Norse mythology, Sól is attested in the \"\"Poetic Edda\"\", compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the \"\"Prose Edda\"\", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In both the \"\"Poetic Edda\"\" and the \"\"Prose Edda\"\" she is described as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5695576", "chunk_text": "\"True name\"\nturn them in to the government or otherwise blackmail them, conveying a kind of power that could be considered analogous to the equivalent concept of myth and legend. True name A true name is a name of a thing or being that expresses, or is somehow identical to, its true nature. The notion that language, or some specific sacred language, refers to things by their true names has been central to philosophical study as well as various traditions of magic, religious invocation and mysticism (mantras) since antiquity. The true name of the Egyptian sun god Ra was revealed to Isis", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7217475", "chunk_text": "\"Sol (mythology)\"\nSol, and the lack of any clear differentiation—either in name or depiction—between the \"\"early\"\" and \"\"late\"\" Roman sun god. The Latin \"\"sol\"\" for \"\"Sun\"\" is the continuation of the PIE heteroclitic \"\"Sehul- / Sh-en-\"\", cognate to Germanic \"\"Sol\"\", Sanskrit \"\"Surya\"\", Greek \"\"Helios\"\", Lithuanian \"\"Saulė\"\". Also compare Latin \"\"sol\"\" to Etruscan \"\"usil\"\". Today, \"\"sol\"\" (or variations of it, such as Italian \"\"sole\"\" or French \"\"soleil\"\") is still the main word for \"\"sun\"\" in Romance languages. \"\"Sol\"\" is used in contemporary English by astronomers and many science fiction authors as the proper name of the Sun to distinguish it from other stars", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14153086", "chunk_text": "Sun\nUltraviolet light is strongly attenuated by Earth's ozone layer, so that the amount of UV varies greatly with latitude and has been partially responsible for many biological adaptations, including variations in human skin color in different regions of the Earth. The Sun has eight known planets. This includes four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). The Solar System also has at least five dwarf planets, an asteroid belt, numerous comets, and a large number of icy bodies which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Sun The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3663540", "chunk_text": "\"John A. Eddy\"\nquite a bit for Maunder with that name. Particularly because he also got the idea from somebody else. He got it from Sporer who was a German astronomer. So, among the shots I took after publishing the paper were some from Germany that said, \"\"You know, you really named it after the wrong person.\"\" Which I knew very well. While Eddy did not predict the next significant solar minimum he did identify that we are living by the light of a variable star and it is for this reason it is said that the next significant solar minimum should be", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859514", "chunk_text": "Sun\nthe Sun is actually emitting more photons in the green portion of the spectrum than any other. When the Sun is low in the sky, atmospheric scattering renders the Sun yellow, red, orange, or magenta. Despite its typical whiteness, most people mentally picture the Sun as yellow; the reasons for this are the subject of debate. The Sun is a G2V star, with \"\"G2\"\" indicating its surface temperature of approximately 5,778 K (5,505 °C, 9,941 °F), and \"\"V\"\" that it, like most stars, is a main-sequence star. The average luminance of the Sun is about 1.88 giga candela per square", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5493136", "chunk_text": "\"Our Mr. Sun\"\nscience believes the Sun started as a loose cloud of hydrogen gas compressed by gravity and this compression raised the temperature until it reached 30 million degrees and started the thermonuclear reaction. The nuclear reactions expand the Sun and gravity compresses it until the two forces reach a balance. The Sun has only used small portion of its hydrogen and has about 98% of it left which will take about 50 to 100 billion years until it is gone and the Sun dies. Science is depending on the Sun for the solution to man's two biggest problems, the first problem", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10805714", "chunk_text": "Betelgeuse\nto cause significant effects on Earth. Following Betelgeuse's supernova, a small dense remnant will be left behind, either a neutron star or black hole. This is predicted to be a neutron star of approximately . Betelgeuse has been known as \"\"Betelgeux\"\", and in German \"\"Beteigeuze\"\" (according to Bode). \"\"Betelgeux\"\" and \"\"Betelgeuze\"\" were used until the early 20th century, when the spelling \"\"Betelgeuse\"\" became universal. Consensus on its pronunciation is weak and is as varied as its spellings: Betelgeuse is often mistranslated as \"\"armpit of the central one\"\". In his 1899 work \"\"Star-Names and Their Meanings\"\", American amateur naturalist Richard Hinckley", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "170945", "chunk_text": "Sun\nof the Sun disc Aten, the Sun had a brief resurgence during the Amarna Period when it again became the preeminent, if not only, divinity for the Pharaoh Akhenaton. In Proto-Indo-European religion, the Sun was personified as the goddess \"\"Sehul\"\". Derivatives of this goddess in Indo-European languages include the Old Norse \"\"Sól\"\", Sanskrit \"\"Surya\"\", Gaulish \"\"Sulis\"\", Lithuanian \"\"Saulė\"\", and Slavic \"\"Solntse\"\". In ancient Greek religion, the sun deity was the male god Helios, but traces of an earlier female solar deity are preserved in Helen of Troy. In later times, Helios was syncretized with Apollo. In the Bible, mentions the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "170948", "chunk_text": "Sun\nof all Japanese emperors. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star that comprises about 99.86% of the mass of the Solar System. The Sun has an absolute magnitude of +4.83, estimated to be brighter than about 85% of the stars in the Milky Way, most of which are red dwarfs. The Sun is a Population I, or heavy-element-rich, star. The formation of the Sun may have been triggered by shockwaves from one or more nearby supernovae. This is suggested by a high abundance of heavy elements in the Solar System, such as gold and uranium, relative to the abundances of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10074641", "chunk_text": "\"Betelgeuse in fiction\"\nand used across history. A theory that is gaining wide acceptance is that of Paul Kunitzsch, Professor of Arabic Studies at the University of Munich, who has proposed that the full name of the \"\"ruddy star\"\" Betelgeuse is a corruption of the Arabic (يد الجوزاء \"\"yad al-jauzā\"\"' ) meaning \"\"the hand of the al-jauzā\"\", where al-jauzā is \"\"the Central One\"\", or Orion. Since, prior to the scientific revolution, the study of astronomy was intimately connected with mythology and astrology, the ruddy star—like the red planet Mars—was for millennia closely associated with the archetypes of iron and war, and by extension", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "170991", "chunk_text": "Sun\nthe surrounding disk, eventually triggering nuclear fusion. HD 162826 and HD 186302 are hypothesized stellar siblings of the Sun, having formed in the same molecular cloud. The Sun is about halfway through its main-sequence stage, during which nuclear fusion reactions in its core fuse hydrogen into helium. Each second, more than four million tonnes of matter are converted into energy within the Sun's core, producing neutrinos and solar radiation. At this rate, the Sun has so far converted around 100 times the mass of Earth into energy, about 0.03% of the total mass of the Sun. The Sun will spend", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18764839", "chunk_text": "Helios\nHelios Helios (; \"\"Hēlios\"\"; Latinized as \"\"Helius\"\"; in Homeric Greek) is the god and personification of the Sun in Greek mythology. He is the son of the Titan Hyperion and the Titaness Theia (according to Hesiod), also known as Euryphaessa (in \"\"Homeric Hymn 31\"\") and brother of the goddesses Selene, the moon, and Eos, the dawn. Helios was described as a handsome young man crowned with the shining aureole of the Sun, who drove the chariot of the sun across the sky each day to earth-circling Oceanus and through the world-ocean returned to the East at night. In the \"\"Homeric", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9310601", "chunk_text": "\"Our Mr. Sun\"\nGeorge Ellery Hale and Dr. Henri Deslandres both developed the spectroheliograph—independently—to study the Sun in different wavelengths of light related to specific atoms. Dr. Robert R. McMath of the McMath–Hulbert Observatory used a spectroheliograph to make time-lapse films of the prominences on the Sun. Using pictures from the Mount Wilson Observatory, and others, scientists have learned about sunspots first described by Galileo. Sunspots often appear in pairs and are about 7,000 degrees rather than the normal 10,000 degrees. The spots increase and decrease in a cycle of about 11.2 years. Studying sunspots has shown the equator rotates faster than the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "171017", "chunk_text": "Sun\nthe Greeks, he was Helios, carried by a chariot drawn by fiery horses. From the reign of Elagabalus in the late Roman Empire the Sun's birthday was a holiday celebrated as Sol Invictus (literally \"\"Unconquered Sun\"\") soon after the winter solstice, which may have been an antecedent to Christmas. Regarding the fixed stars, the Sun appears from Earth to revolve once a year along the ecliptic through the zodiac, and so Greek astronomers categorized it as one of the seven planets (Greek \"\"planetes\"\", \"\"wanderer\"\"); the naming of the days of the weeks after the seven planets dates to the Roman", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11454408", "chunk_text": "\"The Sun (New York City)\"\nwhich the paper falsely attributed to British astronomer John Herschel and never retracted. On April 13, 1844, \"\"The Sun\"\" published as factual a story by Edgar Allan Poe now known as \"\"The Balloon-Hoax\"\", retracted two days after publication. The story told of an imagined Atlantic crossing by hot-air balloon. Today, the paper is best known for the 1897 editorial \"\"Is There a Santa Claus?\"\" (commonly referred to as \"\"Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus\"\"), written by Francis Pharcellus Church. John B. Bogart, city editor of \"\"The Sun\"\" between 1873 and 1890, made what is perhaps the most frequently quoted", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5493133", "chunk_text": "\"Our Mr. Sun\"\nmany times the size of the earth. Often matter appears from nowhere to flow down into a sunspot which is sometimes referred to as Coronal Rain. The largest recorded prominence was captured at the High Altitude Observatory in Colorado on June 4, 1946 as it left the Sun at 400,000 miles per hour. The Sun is also studied in radio frequencies using radio astronomy. Dr. E. G. Bowen helped pioneer radio astronomy which showed that many places in outer space emit radio waves. When solar flares erupt from sunspots they emit ultraviolet radiation, which reach the earth in 8 minutes,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20881758", "chunk_text": "\"2XMM J160050.7–514245\"\ntilt of 30° away from Earth means that a potential gamma-ray burst would not impact life on Earth. 2XMM J160050.7–514245 is the name for the system in the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue (2XMM), a star catalog of X-ray sources observed by the \"\"XMM-Newton\"\" space telescope. The proper name \"\"Apep\"\" was given to the system by a team of astronomers led by Joseph Callingham of ASTRON, who studied the system between 2016 and 2018 and published a scientific paper on their observations. It was named after the eponymous mortal enemy of the deity of the sun Ra in Egyptian mythology, who", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17543937", "chunk_text": "\"Solar phenomena\"\ngathered in the center, while the rest flattened into an orbiting disk that became the balance of the Solar System. The central mass became increasingly hot and dense, eventually initiating thermonuclear fusion in its core. The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V) based on spectral class and it is informally designated as a \"\"yellow dwarf\"\" because its visible radiation is most intense in the yellow-green portion of the spectrum. It is actually white, but from the Earth's surface it appears yellow because of atmospheric scattering of blue light. In the spectral class label, \"\"G2\"\" indicates its surface temperature, of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "170960", "chunk_text": "Sun\nmetre, but as viewed through Earth's atmosphere, this is lowered to about 1.44 Gcd/m. However, the luminance is not constant across the disk of the Sun (limb darkening). The Sun is composed primarily of the chemical elements hydrogen and helium. At this time in the Sun's life, they account for 74.9% and 23.8% of the mass of the Sun in the photosphere, respectively. All heavier elements, called \"\"metals\"\" in astronomy, account for less than 2% of the mass, with oxygen (roughly 1% of the Sun's mass), carbon (0.3%), neon (0.2%), and iron (0.2%) being the most abundant. The Sun's original", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16405153", "chunk_text": "\"Eclipse (software)\"\nto eclipse. Different versions of Eclipse have been given different science-related names. The versions named after Callisto, Europa, and Ganymede, which are moons of Jupiter, were followed by a version named after Galileo the discoverer of those moons. These were followed by two sun-themed names, Helios of Greek mythology, and Indigo, one of the seven colors of a rainbow (which is produced by the sun). The version after that, Juno, has a triple meaning: a Roman mythological figure, an asteroid, and a spacecraft to Jupiter. Kepler, Luna, and Mars continued the astronomy theme, and then Neon and Oxygen constitutes a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3706542", "chunk_text": "\"2004 XR190\"\nthe University of British Columbia as part of the Canada–France Ecliptic Plane Survey (CFEPS) using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) near the ecliptic. The team included Brett Gladman, John Kavelaars, Jean-Marc Petit, Joel Parker and Phil Nicholson. In 2015, six precovery images from 2002 and 2003 were found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. The object was nicknamed \"\"Buffy\"\" by the discovery team, after the fictional vampire slayer Buffy Summers, and proposed several Inuit-based official names to the International Astronomical Union. \"\"Buffy\"\" orbits the Sun at a distance of 51.1–63.4 AU once every 433 years and 3 months (158,242 days; semi-major", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19652483", "chunk_text": "\"Aristarchus of Samos\"\nAristarchus of Samos Aristarchus of Samos (; , \"\"Aristarkhos ho Samios\"\"; c. 310 – c. 230 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known heliocentric model that placed the Sun at the center of the known universe with the Earth revolving around it. He was influenced by Philolaus of Croton, but Aristarchus identified the \"\"central fire\"\" with the Sun, and he put the other planets in their correct order of distance around the Sun. Like Anaxagoras before him, he suspected that the stars were just other bodies like the Sun, albeit further away from Earth.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11549869", "chunk_text": "\"Solar System\"\nby far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900 Earth masses), which comprises 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar System, produces temperatures and densities in its core high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium, making it a main-sequence star. This releases an enormous amount of energy, mostly radiated into space as electromagnetic radiation peaking in visible light. The Sun is a G2-type main-sequence star. Hotter main-sequence stars are more luminous. The Sun's temperature is intermediate between that of the hottest stars and that of the coolest stars. Stars brighter and hotter than the Sun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859532", "chunk_text": "Sun\nhas a particle density of ~10 m (about 0.37% of the particle number per volume of Earth's atmosphere at sea level). The photosphere is not fully ionized—the extent of ionization is about 3%, leaving almost all of the hydrogen in atomic form. During early studies of the optical spectrum of the photosphere, some absorption lines were found that did not correspond to any chemical elements then known on Earth. In 1868, Norman Lockyer hypothesized that these absorption lines were caused by a new element that he dubbed \"\"helium\"\", after the Greek Sun god Helios. Twenty-five years later, helium was isolated", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "325475", "chunk_text": "Photosphere\ncertain wavelengths. The surface of a star is defined to have a temperature given by the effective temperature in the Stefan–Boltzmann law. Stars, except neutron stars, have no solid surface. Therefore, the photosphere is typically used to describe the Sun's or another star's visual surface . The Sun is composed primarily of the chemical elements hydrogen and helium; they account for 74.9% and 23.8% of the mass of the Sun in the photosphere, respectively. All heavier elements, called metals in astronomy, account for less than 2% of the mass, with oxygen (roughly 1% of the Sun's mass), carbon (0.3%), neon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859583", "chunk_text": "Sun\n1800, William Herschel discovered infrared radiation beyond the red part of the solar spectrum. The 19th century saw advancement in spectroscopic studies of the Sun; Joseph von Fraunhofer recorded more than 600 absorption lines in the spectrum, the strongest of which are still often referred to as Fraunhofer lines. In the early years of the modern scientific era, the source of the Sun's energy was a significant puzzle. Lord Kelvin suggested that the Sun is a gradually cooling liquid body that is radiating an internal store of heat. Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz then proposed a gravitational contraction mechanism to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8737170", "chunk_text": "\"Solar deity\"\nSolar deity A solar deity (also sun god or sun goddess) is a sky deity who represents the Sun, or an aspect of it, usually by its perceived power and strength. Solar deities and sun worship can be found throughout most of recorded history in various forms. The Sun is sometimes referred to by its Latin name \"\"Sol\"\" or by its Greek name \"\"Helios\"\". The English word \"\"sun\"\" stems from Proto-Germanic *\"\"sunnǭ\"\". The Neolithic concept of a \"\"solar barge\"\" (also \"\"solar bark\"\", \"\"solar barque\"\", \"\"solar boat\"\" and \"\"sun boat\"\", a mythological representation of the sun riding in a boat) is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16304733", "chunk_text": "\"Sól (sun)\"\nsymbols with ships in religious practices, which occur with frequency from the Bronze Age into Middle Ages, seem to derive from religious practices surrounding a fertility god (such as the Vanir gods Njörðr or Freyr), and not to a personified sun. Sól (sun) Sól (Old Norse \"\"Sun\"\") or Sunna (Old High German, and existing as an Old Norse and Icelandic synonym: see Wiktionary sunna, \"\"Sun\"\") is the Sun personified in Germanic mythology. One of the two Old High German Merseburg Incantations, written in the 9th or 10th century CE, attests that Sunna is the sister of Sinthgunt. In Norse mythology,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18938607", "chunk_text": "\"Solar phenomena\"\nmagnetic fields. It has a diameter of about , around 109 times that of Earth, and its mass (1.989 kilograms, approximately 330,000 times that of Earth) accounts for some 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Chemically, about three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen, while the rest is mostly helium. The remaining 1.69% (equal to 5,600 times the mass of Earth) consists of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron. The Sun formed about 4.567 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large molecular cloud. Most of the matter", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6332747", "chunk_text": "Uranus\nof our Solar System.\"\" In recognition of his achievement, King George III gave Herschel an annual stipend of £200 on condition that he move to Windsor so that the Royal Family could look through his telescopes. The name of Uranus references the ancient Greek deity of the sky Uranus (), the father of Cronus (Saturn) and grandfather of Zeus (Jupiter), which in Latin became \"\"Ūranus\"\" (). It is the only planet whose name is derived directly from a figure of Greek mythology. The adjectival form of Uranus is \"\"Uranian\"\". The pronunciation of the name \"\"Uranus\"\" preferred among astronomers is ,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13369591", "chunk_text": "\"Solar deity\"\nit is within the cow, Hathor, during the night, being reborn each morning as her son (\"\"bull\"\"). Mesopotamian Shamash plays an important role during the Bronze Age, and \"\"my Sun\"\" is eventually used as an address to royalty. Similarly, South American cultures have a tradition of Sun worship, as with the Incan Inti. Proto-Indo-European religion has a solar chariot, the sun as traversing the sky in a chariot. In Germanic mythology this is \"\"Sol\"\", in Vedic Surya, and in Greek Helios (occasionally referred to as Titan) and (sometimes) as Apollo. In Proto-indo-European mythology the sun appears to be a multilayered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859493", "chunk_text": "Sun\nand dense that it eventually initiated nuclear fusion in its core. It is thought that almost all stars form by this process. The Sun is roughly middle-aged; it has not changed dramatically for more than four billion years, and will remain fairly stable for more than another five billion years. It currently fuses about 600 million tons of hydrogen into helium every second, converting 4 million tons of matter into energy every second as a result. This energy, which can take between 10,000 and 170,000 years to escape from its core, is the source of the Sun's light and heat.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12246929", "chunk_text": "Ra\nRa Ra (; or \"\"rˤ;\"\" also transliterated \"\"rˤw;\"\" cuneiform: \"\"ri-a\"\" or \"\"ri-ia\"\") or Re (; , \"\"Rē\"\") is the ancient Egyptian deity of the sun. By the Fifth Dynasty in the 25th and 24th centuries BC, he had become one of the most important gods in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon sun. In later Egyptian dynastic times, Ra was merged with the major god Horus into Ra-Horakhty (\"\"Ra, who is Horus of the Two Horizons\"\"). He was believed to rule in all parts of the created world: the sky, the Earth, and the underworld. He was synonymous", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1859584", "chunk_text": "Sun\nexplain the energy output, but the resulting age estimate was only 20 million years, well short of the time span of at least 300 million years suggested by some geological discoveries of that time. In 1890 Joseph Lockyer, who discovered helium in the solar spectrum, proposed a meteoritic hypothesis for the formation and evolution of the Sun. Not until 1904 was a documented solution offered. Ernest Rutherford suggested that the Sun's output could be maintained by an internal source of heat, and suggested radioactive decay as the source. However, it would be Albert Einstein who would provide the essential clue", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15944953", "chunk_text": "\"Solar deity\"\nthe Sun. The sun god in Hinduism is an ancient and revered deity. In later Hindu usage, all the Vedic Ādityas lost identity and metamorphosed into one composite deity, Surya, the Sun. The attributes of all other Ādityas merged into that of Surya and the names of all other Ādityas became synonymous with, or epithets of, Surya. The \"\"Ramayana\"\" has Rama as a descendant of the Surya, thus belonging to the Suryavansha or the clan of the Sun. The \"\"Mahabharata\"\" describes one of its warrior heroes, Karna, as being the son of the Pandava mother Kunti and Surya. The sun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15944980", "chunk_text": "\"Solar deity\"\nSun goddess is Sunna. In the Norse traditions, Sól rode through the sky on her chariot every day, pulled by two horses named Arvak and Alsvid. Sól also was called Sunna and Frau Sunne. Other cultures that have sun goddesses include the Lithuanians (Saulė) and Latvians (Saule), the Finns (Päivätär, Beiwe) and the related Hungarians. Sun goddesses are found around the world in Australia (Bila, Walo), India (Bisal-Mariamna, Bomong, Kn Sgni), among the Hittites (Wurusemu), and Egyptians (Sekhmet), in the Canary Islands (Chaxiraxi)/(Magek), in Native America, among the Cherokee (Unelanuhi), Natchez (Wal Sil), Inuit (Malina), and Miwok (Hekoolas), and in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5215290", "chunk_text": "Helios\namong Hellenic peoples. The female offspring of Helios were called Heliades. The Greek sun god had various bynames or epithets, which over time in some cases came to be considered separate deities associated with the Sun. Most notably, Helios is closely associated with, and sometimes consciously identified with, Apollo. Among these is Hyperion (\"\"superus\"\", \"\"high up\"\"), \"\"Elektor\"\" (of uncertain derivation, often translated as \"\"beaming\"\" or \"\"radiant\"\", especially in the combination \"\"elektor Hyperion\"\"), Phaëton \"\"the radiant\"\", \"\"Hekatos\"\" (of Apollo, also \"\"Hekatebolos\"\" \"\"far-shooter\"\", i.e. the sun's rays considered as arrows). Diodorus Siculus of Sicily reported that the Chaldeans called Cronus (Saturn) by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3294	who sang the song i wanna be sedated?	n/a	[ "the Ramones" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4642486", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\nI Wanna Be Sedated \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" is a song by the American punk rock band the Ramones. It is one of the band's best known songs. It was originally released on their fourth album, \"\"Road to Ruin\"\", in September 1978 and was the B-side of the UK single \"\"She's the One\"\" released on September 21,1978. The song was later released as a single in the Netherlands in 1979, then in the U.S. in 1980 by RSO Records from the \"\"Times Square\"\" soundtrack album. \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" was written by Joey Ramone. In an interview about the song,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12459405", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\nJoey explains the chorus: The music video for the song, directed by Bill Fishman, was released in September 1988 (About ten years after the song was originally released) to promote the compilation album \"\"Ramones Mania\"\". The iconic video features the Ramones sitting at a table (left to right: Johnny, Joey, Marky and Dee Dee), nonchalantly reading and eating corn flakes. Meanwhile, the background room erupts into a meeting place for nuns, acrobats, ballerinas, monsters, cheerleaders, clowns, doctors, fetish nurses, and smoking schoolgirls. The film is intentionally sped up to show the excitement of the background, while the band's actions are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12459406", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\nin regular motion. This was achieved by having the band members move very slowly, while the crowd moved normally, and then speeding up the film. One of the video's characters is a young Courtney Love. \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" was number 145 on the \"\"Rolling Stone\"\"'s 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Marky Ramone is the drummer on this track. In 1999, National Public Radio included the song in the \"\"NPR 100\"\", in which NPR's music editors sought to compile the one hundred most important American musical works of the 20th century. I Wanna Be Sedated \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19197601", "chunk_text": "\"Mirel Wagner\"\nwhich was a cover of The Ramones song \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\". Mirel Wagner Mirel Wagner, born 3 December 1987, is a Finnish singer-songwriter. She was born in Ethiopia and raised in Espoo, Finland. Wagner has been writing songs since the age of 16. Her self-titled debut album was released in February 2011 by the Finnish indie label Kioski. It was later released in United Kingdom and Europe by Bone Voyage Recordings and in North America by Friendly Fire Recordings. In August 2012 Time Magazine listed Wagner as one of the ″11 Great Bands You Don’t Know (But Should)″. Although", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7654393", "chunk_text": "\"A Cure for Wellness (soundtrack)\"\nA Cure for Wellness (soundtrack) A Cure for Wellness is a soundtrack album with original music by Benjamin Wallfisch for Gore Verbinski's film of the same name. It was released by Milan Records on February 17, 2017. Wallfisch collaborated with Verbinski to create thematic melodies in a varied score featuring orchestral ensembles, choruses, and electronics. The orchestra and choirs recorded the music at Abbey Roads Studios in London. The last track on the album is a stripped down version of a Ramones song \"\"I Wanna be Sedated\"\" which is performed by Mirel Wagner. In an interview conducted by Daniel Schweiger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17660383", "chunk_text": "\"Radiosurgery (song)\"\nto the Ramones video for their 1981 single \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated.\"\" The video begins with New Found Glory sitting on a bed in an empty hotel hallway, before a slew of characters emerge in the background. To create this chaotic party scene, a mixture of fans and close friends of the band were called in and assigned random costumes. The director gave several actions for each extra to perform and after each take, people were able to get \"\"more and more into character\"\". Over 100 extras were used during the shoot, portraying characters such as fire breathers, cheerleaders, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11898029", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Argento\"\nIn 1989, he was a featured writer. Argento obtained his degree from Penn State with a degree in humanities. Upon graduating, he began working at a weekly newspaper, quit, then worked for another similar weekly newspaper. Aside from writing, Argento spends his free time playing the guitar. He is a member of a band called JCFisher who play eclectic indie music. The band does a country version of the song \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\". Argento is married to his wife Cine Martinez-Argento and together the two live in York County, Pennsylvania. They have two dogs. One is a greyhound, named", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14310720", "chunk_text": "\"Physical (Olivia Newton-John song)\"\nin 1983. The video was featured on \"\"Pop-Up Video\"\" on VH1 and was the first video to air on \"\"Beavis and Butt-head\"\", on which they changed the channel to \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" by The Ramones. \"\"Billboard\"\" ranked the song at #6 on its \"\"All Time Top 100\"\", #1 on its \"\"Top 50 Sexiest Songs Of All Time\"\", and #1 on its \"\"Top 100 Songs of the 1980s\"\" list. The revamped bossa nova version of the song was released on the 2002 Olivia duet album \"\"(2)\"\" as a bonus track; this version replaces the original in latest tours of Newton-John.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17883293", "chunk_text": "\"Road to Ruin (Ramones album)\"\nthe band will continue making records, while \"\"Needles and Pins\"\" is a cover of The Searchers' song \"\"Needles and Pins\"\". \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" critic Charles Young noted that the song could have easily been a joke, but was not since Joey \"\"really puts his guts into these antiquated but beautiful lyrics and pulls it off.\"\" \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" was written by Joey while in the hospital where he was treated for burns on his face and in his throat. The injury was the result of an exploding kettle full of boiling water which served to treat sinuses. The album concludes", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2330308", "chunk_text": "Ramones\nMarc Bell, who had been a member of the early 1970s hard rock band Dust, Wayne County and the Backstreet Boys, and the pioneering punk group Richard Hell & the Voidoids. Bell became Marky Ramone. Later that year, the band released their fourth studio album, and first with Marky, \"\"Road to Ruin\"\". The album, co-produced by Tommy with Ed Stasium, included some new sounds such as acoustic guitar, several ballads, and the band's first two recorded songs longer than three minutes. It failed to reach the \"\"Billboard\"\" Top 100. However, \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\", which appeared both on the album", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7394731", "chunk_text": "\"Marky Ramone\"\nto join the Ramones; he accepted and was renamed Marky Ramone. Marky was with the Ramones for the next five years. He starred in the movie \"\"Rock 'n' Roll High School\"\", recorded the anthem, \"\"I Wanna be Sedated\"\", and worked with legendary producer Phil Spector. After five albums with Dee Dee, Joey, and Johnny Ramone, Marky was asked to leave the band in February 1983 because of a drinking problem. He was replaced by Richie Ramone who was himself replaced four years later by Clem Burke of Blondie,who was asked to leave only after two shows. Marky returned clean and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17883286", "chunk_text": "\"Road to Ruin (Ramones album)\"\nTommy. It features the well-known track \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated.\"\" The songs on \"\"Road to Ruin\"\" were considered by both fans and critics as an attempt to get the band more airplay. The album incorporated musical elements which were less prominent in punk rock, such as guitar solos and ballads. The difference in style caused for mixed reviews by critics, with many pointing out that the band was trying to sell more records through a change in form. This attempt by the band failed, as \"\"Road to Ruin\"\" peaked at 103 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200, over 50 places behind its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11204406", "chunk_text": "\"A Cure for Wellness (soundtrack)\"\nspent 6–7 months on creating the melodic score together. Ideas were shared among all of film's crew members as they worked together closely. Milan Records released the original soundtrack album worldwide on CD, digital, and 180gram pearlescent white vinyl. A download card for the digital version of the soundtrack is included with the vinyl packaging. The album was available for pre-order on iTunes which provided the immediate download of two tracks including \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" and \"\"Bicycle\"\". Both of the tracks premiered on BrooklynVegan. Jonathan Broxton from Movie Music UK gave a favorable review describing it as, \"\"quite a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10051936", "chunk_text": "Shihad\nPacifier, under this name in 2002. The American release of the album featured a different track listing to the Australian and New Zealand release, and included the song My Mind's Sedate from \"\"The General Electric\"\". On 17 September 2004, the band announced to the world that they would change their name back to Shihad. To quote the band, \"\"The events surrounding the name change and our choice to be known as Pacifier are well documented. As much as we believed in what we were doing, and the reasons for doing it at the time – the truth is we were", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3567055", "chunk_text": "\"The General Electric\"\non the \"\"Blue Light Disco\"\" EP and \"\"Just Like Everybody Else\"\" was featured on their single for the track \"\"Bitter\"\", which was taken from their album \"\"Killjoy\"\". \"\"My Mind's Sedate\"\", \"\"The General Electric\"\" and \"\"Pacifier\"\" were all used as singles. \"\"Sport And Religion\"\" was released to radio, and had a video made, but was not officially a single. A bonus disc is available with later versions of \"\"The General Electric\"\" that included live tracks from the 2000 Big Day Out festival and four music videos. It was their first album to garner a 'Platinum' certification in New Zealand --- and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13497624", "chunk_text": "\"WHFS (historic)\"\nNighthawks, The Slickee Boys, Black Market Baby, The Diversions, Tru Fax & the Insaniacs, Bad Brains and Root Boy Slim and the Sex Change Band.\"\" In addition to the station's progressive rock and alternative music, jazz, and even bluegrass was prominently featured on their format. One of the show's features was \"\"Thor's Bluegrass\"\" hosted by DJ Thor. Local bluegrass band The Seldom Scene would sometimes perform live from the station. Fans of the station came to expect certain \"\"regular\"\" features. Listeners were treated to Weasel playing \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" by the Ramones every Friday towards the end of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17396695", "chunk_text": "\"Oxegen 2008\"\nBell X1 closed their Green Room headlining set with a version of The Flaming Lips song \"\"Do You Realize??\"\" and Cat Power's performance included a version of Smokey Robinson's \"\"The Tracks of My Tears\"\". On Saturday, Bowling For Soup performed the intro to \"\"Paranoid\"\" and then merged it into \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" by The Ramones, Newton Faulkner performed covers of \"\"Bohemian Rhapsody\"\" and \"\"You Spin Me Round (Like A Record)\"\", Hot Chip performed a version of \"\"Nothing Compares 2 U\"\", Feeder did a verse of \"\"Monkey Gone to Heaven\"\" and \"\"Best of You\"\" whilst Manic Street Preachers performed Nirvana's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10455076", "chunk_text": "\"Exposed (Vince Neil album)\"\nNeil Wharton, who portrayed a young Vince Neil in the video. Neil recorded two bonus tracks for the Japanese edition: \"\"Blondes (Have More Fun)\"\" and the Ramones’ cover \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\". \"\"The Last Goodbye\"\" , cowritten with Todd Meagher, was pulled from the album at the last minute due to a dispute between Meagher and Neil that culminated in a brawl at the Roxbury on Sunset Strip. The song was a ballad, about Neil's split from Mötley. \"\"\"\"Exposed\"\" did well… and I'm sure the record that Mötley Crüe did without me was also very good,\"\" Neil said in 2000,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8884479", "chunk_text": "Tranquilize\nlike he has been possessed. Intercut with this are shots of the rest of the band in a darkly lit, red room, around a table, apparently performing a seance. The video ends with Flowers finding and pointing at Reed, singing his outro. Tranquilize \"\"Tranquilize\"\" is a song by Las Vegas-based rock band, The Killers featuring Lou Reed. The song was written by Brandon Flowers and it is featured on the compilation album \"\"Sawdust\"\". The song was made available for download on iTunes from October 12, 2007. There was also a limited edition etched 7\"\" vinyl of \"\"Tranquilize\"\" available from November", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15339478", "chunk_text": "Tranquilize\nTranquilize \"\"Tranquilize\"\" is a song by Las Vegas-based rock band, The Killers featuring Lou Reed. The song was written by Brandon Flowers and it is featured on the compilation album \"\"Sawdust\"\". The song was made available for download on iTunes from October 12, 2007. There was also a limited edition etched 7\"\" vinyl of \"\"Tranquilize\"\" available from November 5, featuring a lyric from the song hand-picked by Brandon Flowers etched onto one side. The song reached number 13 on the UK Singles Chart and number 11 on the Download chart. The track also won Best International Alternative/Indie Track at \"\"NME\"\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6162099", "chunk_text": "\"Institutionalized (song)\"\nInstitutionalized (song) \"\"Institutionalized\"\" is a song by American crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies. It was released in 1983 as the only single from their debut album, \"\"Suicidal Tendencies\"\". \"\"Institutionalized\"\" is one of the band's most popular songs and has remained a live staple since it was first played in 1982. The song was re-recorded on the band's 1993 album \"\"Still Cyco After All These Years\"\"; this version was nominated for the Grammy for Best Metal Performance in 1994, but lost to Ozzy Osbourne's live version of \"\"I Don't Want to Change the World\"\". The original version of the song was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12457607", "chunk_text": "\"Les Wampas\"\nget back in.\"\" With a riff similar to The Ramones' \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\", Manu Chao was the band's most popular single to date, reaching number 20 in France in June 2003 and features as a bonus track in the European version of Rock Band. Les Wampas played at the Eurockéennes and Vieilles Charrues festivals in that year, and a rockumentary about them, \"\"For the rock\"\", was made in 2004. On \"\"Rock'n'Roll Part 9\"\", Les Wampas' ninth album (not including two live albums), they released the controversial single \"\"Chirac en prison\"\" in January 2006. The song contains the lyrics: \"\"\"\"Elle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13508775", "chunk_text": "\"Terminator Genisys\"\nTerminator\"\": \"\"have a nod to the past but also bring it into the future.\"\" Chinese pop singer Jane Zhang and hip hop artist Big Sean contributed \"\"Fighting Shadows\"\", released by Def Jam Recordings on June 30, 2015, as a soundtrack bonus track. The track is Zhang's first English-language recording and Big Sean's musical feature-film debut. A music video of the single, produced and directed by Robby Starbuck, included footage from the film. The Ramones' \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\", OneRepublic's \"\"Love Runs Out\"\" and Inner Circle's \"\"Bad Boys\"\" are heard in the film but not included in the soundtrack. \"\"Terminator Genisys\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3457450", "chunk_text": "\"Institutionalized (song)\"\nsong. Australian band Cloud Control use the line \"\"I'm not crazy/You're the one that's crazy\"\" in their song \"\"Moonrabbit\"\" from their album \"\"Dream Cave\"\". Limp Bizkit and Cypress Hill have both made references to the \"\"All I wanted was a Pepsi, just one Pepsi\"\" line. A version of this song also appeared on Kiki and Herb's 2004 CD \"\"Kiki and Herb Will Die for You: Live at Carnegie Hall\"\" along with some of the character's fictional backstory on a track called \"\"Institutionalized\"\". The Portland Cello Project and guitarist/vocalist Alan Sparhawk (from Minnesota bands Low and Retribution Gospel Choir) performed a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12108386", "chunk_text": "\"Vincent Chase\"\nin \"\"Spider-Man 2\"\"). During his trouble of getting out of his \"\"Aquaman\"\" contract, Vince found out that he had already lost his role in \"\"Medellín\"\" to Benicio del Toro, leaving him jobless. Eric Murphy then found a new project for Vince in a film entitled \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\", a biopic about punk-rocker Joey Ramone and his band The Ramones. But after turmoil with the film's producer Bob Ryan and with Vince's agent Ari Gold, the project was sold to Warner Bros., which refused to offer Vince another film for the rest of his career. This led to Vince firing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "915398", "chunk_text": "\"Burning Farm\"\nBurning Farm Burning Farm is the first album by Shonen Knife. It is almost entirely in Japanese, with only \"\"Twist Barbie\"\" on the original release in English. The Japanese 8\"\" vinyl (Zero Records 0-0783) had eight songs. The CD re-issue bonus tracks \"\"Parrot Polynesia\"\", \"\"Watchin' Girl\"\" and \"\"Banana Fish\"\" first appeared on the Zero Records compilation LP \"\"Aura Music\"\" in November 1983. The other CD bonus songs are either \"\"Watchin' Girl\"\" and \"\"Twist Barbie\"\" live (Oglio Records, USA), or \"\"Ukkari Hachibei\"\" and a cover of The Ramones' \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" (MCA Victor, Japan). The album's cover was painted by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5371100", "chunk_text": "\"Guitar Hero (video game)\"\n\"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" to the younger target audience of the game. Harmonix had to modify the track list throughout development as certain songs were introduced or removed based on licensing issues, requiring the team to repeatedly balance difficulty and popularity of the track list. WaveGroup Sound were used to create the covers of the licensed songs provided in the game. Marcus Henderson of the band Drist provided many of the lead guitar tracks for the covers. WaveGroup Sound also went to efforts to try to recreate effects for some songs. In the case of Black Sabbaths \"\"Iron Man\"\", the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6815206", "chunk_text": "\"Marcus Henderson (musician)\"\nthe \"\"Guitar Hero\"\" series on which Marcus performed the guitar track. Marcus Henderson has also contributed other works to various games most notably vocals in \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" by the Ramones, as well as the bass track in Pantera's \"\"Cowboys From Hell\"\" from Guitar Hero. He is credited on the Halo suite with Steve Vai for the Video Games Live Vol 1. CD He was also one of the four main consultants on song selection for the award winning Guitar Hero II setlist. He also recorded the guitar tracks for the EA game 1louderthan10 2011 update as the \"\"Bergen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13313663", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Posner\"\nMike Posner Michael Robert Henrion Posner ( ; born February 12, 1988) is an American singer-songwriter, poet, and record producer. Posner released his debut album, \"\"31 Minutes to Takeoff\"\", on August 10, 2010. The album includes the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 top 10 single \"\"Cooler than Me\"\" as well as the top 20 single \"\"Please Don't Go\"\". In 2016 he released his second album, \"\"At Night, Alone.\"\" A remix of his 2015 single \"\"I Took a Pill in Ibiza\"\" from the album peaked in the top 10 on the charts in 27 countries around the world, including hitting number one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13974175", "chunk_text": "\"Ænima\"\nby psychologist Carl Jung) and 'enema', the medical procedure involving the injection of fluids into the rectum. Promotional singles were issued, in order of release, for \"\"Stinkfist\"\", \"\"H.\"\", \"\"Ænema\"\" and \"\"Forty-Six & 2\"\" with just the first and third receiving music videos. Several of the songs are short segues or interludes that connect to longer songs, pushing the total duration of the CD towards the maximum of around 80 minutes. These segues are \"\"Useful Idiot\"\", \"\"Message to Harry Manback\"\", \"\"Intermission\"\", \"\"Die Eier von Satan\"\", \"\"Cesaro Summability\"\", and \"\"(-) Ions\"\". The liner notes included references to ketamine producing dissociative anesthesia as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18617611", "chunk_text": "\"The Offspring\"\nthe film \"\"Idle Hands\"\". They played a cover version of \"\"I Wanna Be Sedated\"\" (originally by the Ramones) and \"\"Beheaded\"\" at a school dance before Holland's character is killed. They also appeared at the infamous Woodstock 1999, where their performance was broadcast live on pay-per-view television. 2000 saw the band release their sixth album called \"\"Conspiracy of One\"\". The band intended to release the entire album online through their official website, to show their support for downloading music on the internet. However, under threat of legal action by Columbia through their parent company Sony, only the first single \"\"Original Prankster\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4842377", "chunk_text": "\"De-Loused in the Comatorium\"\nDe-Loused in the Comatorium De-Loused in the Comatorium is the debut studio album by American progressive rock band the Mars Volta, released on June 24, 2003, on Gold Standard Laboratories and Universal Records. Based on a short story written by lead singer Cedric Bixler-Zavala and sound manipulation artist Jeremy Michael Ward, the concept album is an hour-long tale of Cerpin Taxt, a man who enters a week-long coma after overdosing on a mixture of morphine and rat poison. The story of Cerpin Taxt alludes to the death of El Paso, Texas artist—and Bixler-Zavala's friend—Julio Venegas (1972–1996). Co-produced by Rick Rubin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10912859", "chunk_text": "\"Hypnotic (song)\"\nHypnotic (song) \"\"Hypnotic\"\" is a song recorded by American singer Zella Day for her second extended play, \"\"Zella Day\"\" (2014), and her second studio album, \"\"Kicker\"\" (2015). It was released as the latter record's lead single on February 27, 2015 as a digital download through Pinetop and Hollywood Records. Written by Zella Day, Xandy Barry, James Bailey, and Ryan Ogren, \"\"Hypnotic\"\" was produced by the Wax LTD team of Barry and Wally Gagel. Musically an alternative, folk, and pop song, its lyrics deal with the protagonist begging her lover for mutual respect. The song was regarded by contemporary music critics", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "626837", "chunk_text": "\"Placebo (band)\"\nversion released in the US had two bonus tracks, \"\"Running Up That Hill\"\" and \"\"UNEEDMEMORETHANINEEDU\"\", but did not include \"\"In the Cold Light of Morning\"\" at Molko's demand, who refused to have the song censored. The lead single in the UK market was \"\"Because I Want You\"\", whereas in the rest of the world the first single was \"\"Song to Say Goodbye\"\" . Two tracks are duets with US singers: \"\"Meds\"\" with Alison Mosshart of The Kills and \"\"Broken Promise\"\" with R.E.M.'s Michael Stipe. \"\"Meds\"\" was leaked to the internet on 17 January 2006, two months before the official release", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15963226", "chunk_text": "Moev\nspoken-word samples. Singles from the album include \"\"Yeah Whatever\"\", \"\"Wanting\"\", and \"\"Crucify Me\"\", the only lyrics to which are \"\"Why would you / Crucify me?\"\" (Other than isolated spoken-word samples \"\"Properly sedated\"\", \"\"Take four red capsules, help is on the way\"\" and \"\"For the masses\"\", which are all taken from George Lucas' 1971 film \"\"THX 1138\"\".) \"\"Crucify Me\"\" rose to number 4 in \"\"Rolling Stone\"\" magazine's Top Dance Tracks. Over the band's lifetime, other members included Madelaine Morris, Julie Ferris and Drew Maxwell. In conjunction with Terry McBride, Jowett formed the record label Nettwerk to release the band's albums. Sarah", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15339479", "chunk_text": "Tranquilize\nfirst ever USA awards. The song was featured in a trailer for the fifth and final season of HBO's original series \"\"Boardwalk Empire\"\". In live performances Brandon Flowers changes the lyrics at the end from \"\"with the Bushes and the bombs are tranquilized\"\" to \"\"with the vampires and the bombs are tranquilized\"\". The music video features Lou Reed and was released on the 29 October 2007 in the UK. The video features Brandon Flowers wandering around an empty house. Somewhere in the house is Lou Reed, sitting at a piano. Flowers sings the song, including Reed's parts, making it look", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17422252", "chunk_text": "\"She Wants to Dance with Me\"\nShe Wants to Dance with Me \"\"She Wants to Dance with Me\"\" is a song written and recorded by Rick Astley in 1988. It is the lead single from his second studio album, \"\"Hold Me in Your Arms\"\". The song was released in United Kingdom on September 20, 1988; it entered the chart at the number 16 and its highest chart position was number 6; it stayed 11 weeks in the UK Singles Chart. On the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, it also reached number 6. Astley kicked off Paula Abdul's \"\"Straight Up\"\", and stayed at number one for two weeks in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10815870", "chunk_text": "\"Cocaine in My Brain\"\nCocaine in My Brain \"\"Cocaine in My Brain\"\" (stylized as \"\"Cokane In My Brain\"\") is a song written and performed by Jamaican musician Dillinger. It was released as a single from his second studio album \"\"CB 200\"\" in 1976 through Island Records. The song was produced by Joseph \"\"Jo Jo\"\" Hoo Kim, who used samples of People's Choice's \"\"Do It Any Way You Wanna\"\" and Enoch Light's \"\"Hijack\"\". \"\"Cokane in My Brain\"\" is the artist's most successful single, reaching number one in the Netherlands, number two in Belgium and number thirty-five in Germany. The song was featured in the 2004", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10969067", "chunk_text": "\"Mike Schleibaum\"\nand in his senior year founded Darkest Hour with lead singer John Henry. Schleibaum then attended George Mason University (Fairfax, VA), while continuing to tour and write with Darkest Hour. In 1999 Darkest Hour signed and was dropped from MIA records before their first full-length album, \"\"Mark of the Judas\"\", was officially released. In 2000, while still in college, Darkest Hour signed to Chicago's Victory Records, and released \"\"So Sedated So Secure\"\" soon afterwards. After graduating in 2001 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Social Work, Schleibaum started pursuing Darkest Hour full-time. Darkest Hour has since gone on to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10124130", "chunk_text": "\"Yours Faithfully\"\nMichael Jackson, among others. Jackson's 1984 single \"\"Centipede\"\" also appeared on the album in its original extended version, as well as the singles \"\"Yours Faithfully\"\" and \"\"You Take Me Places\"\". The title track peaked at number seventy-six on the Billboard R&B chart. The album also includes \"\"I Don't Want To Lose You\"\", a duet with R&B group Men of Vizion, whom were also signed to the same label. \"\"Baby, I'm In Heaven\"\" was originally co-written and performed by R&B singer Trey Lorenz on his 1992 eponymous debut album. It was later to be recorded by Tejano star Selena who was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20250842", "chunk_text": "\"The Laryngospasms\"\nThe Laryngospasms The Laryngospasms are an American medical parody group composed of four Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). The group performs regularly for a variety of medical conferences and charity groups throughout the United States and Canada. The group can be traced back to a 1990 Christmas party for students of the Minneapolis School of Anesthesia. A few of the then-students were singing various songs, one of them being Neil Sedaka's \"\"Breaking Up Is Hard To Do\"\". When a senior student suggested that the song be sung as \"\"Waking Up Is Hard To Do\"\", the group was formed. The group's", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16247853", "chunk_text": "\"I Wanna Go\"\nsong that features a heavy bassline and drum fills reminiscent of English rock band New Order. The pre-chorus has a whistled hook that received comparisons to the music of Bob Sinclar and Frankie Knuckles. The lyrics of \"\"I Wanna Go\"\" feature Spears singing about losing inhibitions. The song received mixed to positive reviews from critics. Some praised it for being effective and highlighted its hook, while others dismissed the processed vocals. The song was treated with different remixes, including a Bollywood mix with guest vocals by Sonu Nigam and another one by DJ Frank E and Alex Dreamz. After the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14273090", "chunk_text": "\"Kermit Unpigged\"\nKermit Unpigged Kermit Unpigged is a music and comedy record released by The Jim Henson Company through BMG Kidz in 1994, and the last album released by Jim Henson Records. The record’s title is a clear parody of the MTV series “MTV Unplugged”, and the cover is a parody of Eric Clapton's \"\"Unplugged\"\" album cover as well. The album consisted of Kermit and the other Muppets getting lost at a recording studio and encountering celebrities including Linda Ronstadt, with whom Kermit sang “All I Have to Do is Dream”, Vince Gill who sang “Daydream” with Kermit, Jimmy Buffett who sang", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18191618", "chunk_text": "\"Hank Medress\"\nHank Medress Henry \"\"Hank\"\" Medress (November 19, 1938 – June 18, 2007) was an American singer and record producer. Medress was born in Brooklyn, New York, where he attended Abraham Lincoln High School. In 1955 he joined a doo-wop group called the Linc-Tones, which also included Neil Sedaka. After Sedaka's departure, the group reformed with additional singers as The Tokens. The Tokens achieved a number 1 chart success in 1961 with their arrangement of \"\"The Lion Sleeps Tonight\"\", as well as other minor hits. Medress and the Tokens produced hits for the Chiffons, such as \"\"He's So Fine\"\". After leaving", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "21000199", "chunk_text": "\"I Want to Be Free (Elvis Presley song)\"\nI Want to Be Free (Elvis Presley song) \"\"I Want to Be Free\"\" is a song first recorded by Elvis Presley as part of the soundtrack for his 1957 motion picture \"\"Jailhouse Rock\"\". Its first release on record was on the soundtrack EP \"\"Jailhouse Rock\"\" in 1957. In some countries in 1958 the song was released on a single as the reverse side to \"\"(You're So Square) Baby I Don't Care\"\". The song was written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller specially for Presley's movie \"\"Jailhopus Rock\"\". They wrote several famous songs: \"\"Jailhouse Rock\"\", \"\"(You're So Square) Baby I Don't", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3279107", "chunk_text": "\"Jack Pleis\"\nCoral Records, recording under her new name, Karen Chandler. Her debut for Coral, backed by Pleis' orchestra, was the song \"\"Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me,\"\" and it became an enormous hit. Selling over a million copies, it peaked at No. 5 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" charts. In 1953, Pleis and orchestra backed her on her third Coral release, \"\"I'd Love to Fall Asleep (And Wake Up in Your Arms)\"\"/\"\"Goodbye, Charlie, Goodbye\"\". In mid-1953 Pleis joined Decca Records under Milt Gabler. Pleis and Orchestra released \"\"The Eighteenth Variation\"\"/\"\"Mr. Peepers\"\" under the Decca label. The orchestra backed Karen Chandler again on \"\"Why?\"\"/\"\"Flash", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16879504", "chunk_text": "\"Steve Seskin\"\nSteve Seskin Steve Seskin is an American songwriter whose compositions have been recorded by Alabama, Kenny Chesney, Peter Frampton, Waylon Jennings, Brian McComas, Neal McCoy, Tim McGraw, John Michael Montgomery, Colin Raye, Tebey and Mark Wills. The debut single from McGraw's Set This Circus Down, “Grown Men Don’t Cry”, was nominated for a 2002 Grammy award and also garnered the #1 position on the Billboard Country Single Chart in June, 2001. Seskin also is known for performing at schools in support of the Operation Respect/Don’t Laugh at Me project tolerance project, named after \"\"Don't Laugh at Me,\"\" a song he", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13906124", "chunk_text": "\"White Light/White Heat (song)\"\nWhite Light/White Heat (song) \"\"White Light/White Heat\"\" is a song released by the American rock band the Velvet Underground in November 1967, from their second studio album \"\"White Light/White Heat\"\". \"\"White Light/White Heat\"\" was recorded in the course of the recording sessions for \"\"White Light/White Heat\"\" in September 1967 at Scepter Studios in Manhattan. The song's vocals are performed primarily by Lou Reed, with John Cale and Sterling Morrison performing backing vocals. The song, much like \"\"I'm Waiting for the Man\"\", features a pounding rock-and-roll Barrelhouse-style piano vamp. The song is about the sensations produced by intravenous injection of methamphetamine", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14973501", "chunk_text": "\"ARP String Ensemble\"\nthe Rolling Stones in their hit \"\"Fool to Cry\"\", KC & the Sunshine Band in their hit, \"\"Please Don't Go\"\", the Buggles in \"\"Video Killed the Radio Star\"\", Hall & Oates in their cover version of \"\"You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling\"\", and Rick James in \"\"Mary Jane\"\". In 1975, George Harrison used the ARP on his song \"\"You\"\", and the same year the Bee Gees played it on their hit \"\"Nights on Broadway\"\". Stevie Wonder played the famous string line on Peter Frampton's 1977 ballad \"\"I'm in You\"\". The Solina string sound has also been used by Kim and Ricky", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11027174", "chunk_text": "\"Coma White\"\nreframed in the videos for Erykah Badu's \"\"Window Seat\"\" (2010) and Lana Del Rey's \"\"National Anthem\"\" (2012). Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"\"Mechanical Animals\"\". Coma White \"\"Coma White\"\" is a song by the band Marilyn Manson. It is the last track from the album \"\"Mechanical Animals\"\". \"\"Coma White\"\" is a hard rock ballad written by the band's eponymous vocalist, Twiggy Ramirez, Madonna Wayne Gacy, Zim Zum and produced by Manson and Michael Beinhorn. It was inspired by Manson's relationship with Rose McGowan and the numbness that his drug use caused him to feel. The track features a snare", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3295	china in chinese is called zhongguo which means?	n/a	[ "Central States" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13029308", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nKong, Macau, and Taiwan. There are also names for China that are derived from the languages of other ethnic groups other than the Han; examples include \"\"Cathay\"\" from the Khitan language and \"\"Tabgach\"\" from Tuoba. \"\"Zhōngguó\"\" is the most common sinitic name for China in modern times. The first appearance of on an artifact was in the Western Zhou on a ritual vessel known as He zun. It is formed by combining the characters \"\"zhōng\"\" () meaning \"\"central\"\" or \"\"middle\"\", and \"\"guó\"\" (/), representing \"\"state\"\" or \"\"states\"\"; in contemporary usage, \"\"nation\"\". Prior to the Qin unification of China, \"\"Zhongguo\"\" referred", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13029306", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nNames of China The names of China include the many contemporary and historical appellations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as \"\"Zhōngguó\"\" (/) in its official language. China, the name in English for the country, was derived from Portuguese in the 16th century, and became popular in the mid 19th century. It is believed to be a borrowing from Middle Persian, and some have traced it further back to Sanskrit. It is also generally thought that the ultimate source of the name China is the Chinese word \"\"Qin\"\" (), the name of the dynasty that unified", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190465", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nalso commonly found on medieval maps. However, the Chinese themselves considered \"\"Manzi\"\" to be derogatory and never used it as a self appellation. Names of China The names of China include the many contemporary and historical appellations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as \"\"Zhōngguó\"\" (/) in its official language. China, the name in English for the country, was derived from Portuguese in the 16th century, and became popular in the mid 19th century. It is believed to be a borrowing from Middle Persian, and some have traced it further back to Sanskrit. It is also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13029340", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nChina adopted its official name, Zhōnghuá Mínguó (see below), known in English as the \"\"Republic of China\"\", which also has sometimes been referred to as \"\"Republican China\"\" or \"\"Republican Era\"\" (), in contrast to the empire it replaced, or as \"\"Nationalist China\"\", after the ruling Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang). (\"\"Zhonghua\"\") is a term that pertains to \"\"China\"\" while (\"\"mínguó\"\"), literally \"\"people's country\"\", stands for \"\"republic\"\". With the separation from mainland China in 1949 as a result of the Chinese Civil War, the territory of the Republic of China has largely been confined to the island of Taiwan and some other", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13029307", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nChina but also existed as a state for many centuries prior. There are however other alternative suggestions for the origin of the word. Chinese names for China, aside from \"\"Zhongguo\"\", include \"\"Zhōnghuá\"\" (/), \"\"Huáxià\"\" (/), \"\"Shénzhōu\"\" () and \"\"Jiǔzhōu\"\" (). \"\"Hàn\"\" (/) and \"\"Táng\"\" () are common names given for the Chinese ethnicity. The People's Republic of China () and Republic of China () are the official names for the two contemporary sovereign states currently claiming sovereignty over the traditional area of China. \"\"Mainland China\"\" is used to refer to areas under the jurisdiction by the PRC usually excluding Hong", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340143", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nthe concept for their name. The term Zhongguo was also not commonly used as a name for China until quite recently, nor did it mean the \"\"Middle Kingdom\"\" to the Chinese, or even have the same meaning throughout the course of history. The name \"\"Huaxia\"\" (/; ), generally used as a sobriquet in Chinese text, is the combination of two words: These two terms originally referred to the elegance of the traditional attire of the Han Chinese ( \"\"Hànfú\"\", or simply \"\"yīguān\"\", literally \"\"clothes and headgear\"\") and the Confucian concept of rituals (/ \"\"lǐ\"\"). In the original sense, Huaxia refers", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13029310", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\ntraditional name that China has used to refer to itself is “Zhonggou\"\". Missionaries Matteo Ricci and John Livingston Nevius preached in China in different dynasties. In their Record, Chinese people often called themselves \"\"Chung kwoh\"\"; the word meaning \"\"middle kingdom\"\". (\"\"\"\"'s transcription in the formerly common Wade–Giles romanization scheme is , reflecting the phonetic realization as in Standard Mandarin.) That is a very common word in both writing and speaking, and may be used with the name of the dynasty. Many case studies have proved that there were times China call itself “ Zhongguo ”in Chinese history and historical sites.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340141", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nthat China referred to itself as Zhonghua in response to a European who asked why Chinese used the term guizi to refer to all Europeans. In the 20th century after the May Fourth Movement, educated students began to spread the concept of \"\"Zhōnghuá\"\" (/), which represented the people, including 56 minority ethnic groups and the Han Chinese, with a single culture identifying themselves as \"\"Chinese\"\". The Republic of China and the People's Republic of China both used the title \"\"Zhōnghuá\"\" in their official names. Thus, \"\"Zhōngguó\"\" became the common name for both governments. Overseas Chinese are referred to as \"\"huáqiáo\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190418", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nthat comes from the Xia dynasty. From the Qin to Ming dynasty literati discussed \"\"Zhongguo\"\" as both a historical place or territory and as a culture. Writers of the Ming period in particular used the term as a political tool to express opposition to expansionist policies that incorporated foreigners into the empire. In contrast foreign conquerors typically avoided discussions of \"\"Zhongguo\"\" and instead defined membership in their empires to include both Han and non-Han peoples. \"\"Zhongguo\"\" appeared in a formal international legal document for the first time during the Qing dynasty in the Treaty of Nerchinsk, 1689. The term was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10054524", "chunk_text": "\"Zhonghua minzu\"\nGioro in what is today Northeast China. The Qing Emperors sought to portray themselves as ideal Confucian rulers for the Han Chinese, Great Khans for the Mongols, and Chakravartin kings for Tibetan Buddhists. \"\"Dulimbai Gurun\"\" (Written ) is the Manchu name for China, has the same meaning with the Chinese name \"\"Zhongguo\"\" (Written 中國, means \"\"Middle Kingdom\"\"). The Qing identified their state as \"\"China\"\" (Zhongguo), and referred to it as \"\"Dulimbai Gurun\"\" in Manchu. The Qing equated the lands of the Qing state, including present day Manchuria, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas as \"\"China\"\" in both the Chinese and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8287668", "chunk_text": "China\nroyal demesne. It was then applied to the area around Luoyi (present-day Luoyang) during the Eastern Zhou and then to China's Central Plain before being used as an occasional synonym for the state under the Qing. It was often used as a cultural concept to distinguish the Huaxia people from perceived \"\"barbarians\"\". The name \"\"Zhongguo\"\" is also translated as in English. A more literary or inclusive name, alluding to the \"\"land of Chinese civilization\"\", is \"\"\"\" It developed during the Wei and Jin dynasties as a contraction of \"\"the central state of the Huaxia\"\". Before the PRC's establishment, the proposed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6343292", "chunk_text": "\"Zhonghua minzu\"\nFrench Revolution and subsequent developments in Europe paved the way for the modern nation-state and nationalism has become one of the most significant political and social forces in history. Nationalism spread in the early 19th century to central Europe and from there to eastern and southeastern Europe and in the early 20th century nationalism began to appear in China. While Qing rulers adopted the Han Chinese imperial model and considered their state as \"\"Zhongguo\"\" (\"\"中國\"\", the term for \"\"China\"\" in modern Chinese), and the name \"\"China\"\" was commonly used in international communications and treaties (such as the Treaty of Nanking),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340142", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\n(/), literally \"\"Chinese overseas\"\", or \"\"huáyì\"\" (/), literally \"\"Chinese descendant\"\" (i.e., Chinese children born overseas). The English translation of \"\"Zhongguo\"\" as the \"\"Middle Kingdom\"\" entered European languages through the Portuguese in the 16th century and became popular in the mid 19th century. By the mid 20th century the term was thoroughly entrenched in the English language to reflect the Western view of China as the inwards looking Middle Kingdom, or more accurately the \"\"Central Kingdom\"\". Endymion Wilkinson points out that the Chinese were not unique in thinking of their country as central, although China was the only culture to use", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15566719", "chunk_text": "Zhongxiang\nZhongxiang Zhongxiang () is a county-level city of Jingmen, central Hubei province, People's Republic of China. The name \"\"Zhongxiang\"\" means \"\"Blessed with propitious omen\"\", and was given to the city by the Jiajing Emperor in the Ming dynasty. Zhongxiang is one of the cradles of Chu culture. It was the alternate capital of the Chu state in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Because the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1566) of the Ming dynasty was born and had lived in the city before he succeeded to the throne, Zhongxiang, the place where the Chengtian Prefecture (\"\"fu\"\") Government", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190416", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nUntil the 19th century when the international system came to require a common legal language, there was no need for a fixed or unique name. There were different usages of the term \"\"Zhongguo\"\" in every period. It could refer to the capital of the emperor to distinguish it from the capitals of his vassals, as in Western Zhou. It could refer to the states of the Central Plain to distinguish them from states in outer regions. During the Han dynasty, three usages of \"\"Zhongguo\"\" were common. The \"\"Shi Jing\"\" explicitly defines \"\"Zhongguo\"\" as the capital; the \"\"Records of the Grand", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340140", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nand it was used in literature as well as by ordinary Chinese. But with the overthrow of the Qing in 1911, most Chinese dropped \"\"Shina\"\" as foreign and demanded that even Japanese replace it with \"\"Zhonghua minguo\"\" or simply \"\"Zhongguo\"\". Liang went on to argue that the concept of \"\"tianxia\"\" had to be abandoned in favor of \"\"guojia\"\", that is, \"\"nation,\"\" for which he accepted the term \"\"Zhongguo\"\". After the founding of the Chinese Republic in 1912, \"\"Zhongguo\"\" was also adopted as the abbreviation of \"\"Zhonghua minguo\"\". Qing official Zhang Deyi objected to the western European name \"\"China\"\" and said", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13919602", "chunk_text": "Zhongxiang\nfruit production. Zhongxiang Zhongxiang () is a county-level city of Jingmen, central Hubei province, People's Republic of China. The name \"\"Zhongxiang\"\" means \"\"Blessed with propitious omen\"\", and was given to the city by the Jiajing Emperor in the Ming dynasty. Zhongxiang is one of the cradles of Chu culture. It was the alternate capital of the Chu state in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Because the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1566) of the Ming dynasty was born and had lived in the city before he succeeded to the throne, Zhongxiang, the place where the Chengtian Prefecture", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15931326", "chunk_text": "Zhongjunjiang\nof a certain country's military, especially China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. The word 將軍 (Jiāngjūn, Shōgun, Changgun, Tướng quân, \"\"General\"\") derived from Zhongjunjiang. Another alternative name 元帥 (Yuánshuài, Gensui, Wansu, Nguyên soái) is used in the four countries as a translation and equivalent of the English word \"\"Marshal\"\". Zhongjunjiang Zhongjunjiang () or Jiangzhongjun was the military leader and the prime minister of the ancient Chinese state of Jin. Literally, the word Zhongjunjiang means \"\"General of central army\"\". The post originally was named \"\"Situ\"\" (司徒). Zhongjunjiang was also known as \"\"Jiangjun\"\" (將軍), \"\"Dazheng\"\" (大政, 太政, 大正) and \"\"Yuanshuai\"\" (元帥). Since viscount", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340147", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nfor more information.) This name means \"\"Divine Land\"\" (; ) and comes from the same period as Jiuzhou. It was thought that the world was divided into nine major states, one of which is Shenzhou, which is in turn divided into nine smaller states, one of which is Jiuzhou mentioned above. This name, \"\"Four Seas\"\" (; ), is sometimes used to refer to the world, or simply China, which is perceived as the civilized world. It came from the ancient notion that the world is flat and surrounded by sea. The name \"\"Han\"\" (/; ) derives from the Han dynasty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13909048", "chunk_text": "China\na leading member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations, including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), WTO, APEC, BRICS, the BCIM, and the G20. In recent times, China has been widely characterized as a global superpower. The English word \"\"China\"\" is first attested in Richard Eden's 1555 translation of the 1516 journal of the Portuguese explorer Duarte Barbosa. The demonym, that is, the name for the people, and adjectival form \"\"Chinese\"\" developed later on the model of Portuguese ' and French '. Portuguese \"\"China\"\" is thought to derive from Persian \"\"Chīn\"\" (), which may be traced further back to Sanskrit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190417", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nHistorian\"\" uses the concept \"\"zhong\"\" to indicate the center of civilization: \"\"Eight famous mountains are there in Tianxia. Three are in Man and Yi. Five are in \"\"Zhōnghuá\"\".\"\" The \"\"Records of the Three Kingdoms\"\" uses the concept of the central states in \"\"Zhōnghuá\"\", or the states in \"\"Zhōnghuá\"\" which is the center, depending on the interpretation. It records the following exhortation: \"\"If we can lead the host of Wu and Yue to oppose \"\"Zhongguo,\"\" then let us break off relations with them soon.\"\" In this sense, the term \"\"Zhongguo\"\" is synonymous with \"\"Zhōnghuá\"\" (/) and \"\"Huáxià\"\" (/), names for \"\"China\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190463", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nsouthern China. The Japanese common noun \"\"tōmorokoshi\"\" (), which refers to maize, appears to contain an element cognate with the proper noun formerly used in reference to China. Although \"\"tōmorokoshi\"\" is traditionally written with Chinese characters that literally mean \"\"jade Shu millet,\"\" the etymology of the Japanese word appears to go back to \"\"Tang morokoshi,\"\" in which \"\"morokoshi\"\" was the obsolete Japanese name for China as well as the Japanese word for sorghum, which seems to have been introduced into Japan from China. From Chinese \"\"Manzi\"\" (southern barbarians). The division of North China and South China under the Jin dynasty", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16822794", "chunk_text": "\"China proper\"\nit in an English language article, which he published in 1887. Dulimbai Gurun is the Manchu name for China (中國, Zhongguo; \"\"Middle Kingdom\"\"). After conquering the Ming, the Manchu Qing identified their state as \"\"China\"\" (Zhongguo), and referred to it as \"\"Dulimbai Gurun\"\" in Manchu. The Manchu Qing Emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including both \"\"China proper\"\" and present day Manchuria, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas as \"\"China\"\" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi ethnic state, rejecting the idea that China only meant Han areas in \"\"China proper\"\", proclaiming that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340137", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nfrom Han areas and administration, it was the Manchu Qing Emperors who expanded the definition of Zhongguo () and made it \"\"flexible\"\" by using that term to refer to the entire Empire and using that term to other countries in diplomatic correspondence, while some Han Chinese subjects criticized their usage of the term and the Han literati Wei Yuan used Zhongguo only to refer to the seventeen provinces of China and three provinces of the east (Manchuria), excluding other frontier areas. Due to Qing using treaties clarifying the international borders of the Qing state, it was able to inculcate in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16684187", "chunk_text": "\"3789 Zhongguo\"\n3789 Zhongguo 3789 Zhongguo, provisional designation \"\", is a resonant asteroid from outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered in 1928 by Chinese astronomer Zhang Yuzhe at the Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, in the United States. Originally named \"\"China\"\", the asteroid became lost and its name was transferred to another asteroid. After its re-discovery in 1986, it was named Zhongguo, which is the Chinese word for \"\"China\"\". The T/Xk-type asteroid is the namesake of the resonant Zhongguo group, located in the asteroid belt's Hecuba gap. It has a short rotation period of 3.8", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13029346", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\na Central Asian language. Some Chinese and Indian scholars argued for the state of Jing (, another name for Chu) as the likely origin of the name. Another suggestion, made by Geoff Wade, is that the \"\" Cīnāh\"\" in Sanskrit texts refers to an ancient kingdom centered in present-day Guizhou, called Yelang, in the south Tibeto-Burman highlands. The inhabitants referred to themselves as \"\"Zina\"\" according to Wade. The term \"\"China\"\" can also be used to refer to: In economic contexts, \"\"Greater China\"\" (/, \"\"dà Zhōnghuá dìqū\"\") is intended to be a neutral and non-political way to refer to Mainland China,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13029347", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nHong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. Sinologists usually use \"\"Chinese\"\" in a more restricted sense, akin to the classical usage of \"\"Zhongguo\"\", to the Han ethnic group, which makes up the bulk of the population in China and of the overseas Chinese. \"\"Sēres\"\" (Σῆρες) was the Ancient Greek and Roman name for the northwestern part of China and its inhabitants. It meant \"\"of silk,\"\" or \"\"land where silk comes from.\"\" The name is thought to derive from the Chinese word for silk, \"\"\"\"sī\"\"\"\" (/). It is itself at the origin of the Latin for silk, \"\"\"\"sērica\"\"\"\". See the main article Serica", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3465964", "chunk_text": "\"Chinese people\"\nin China that are officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China. It includes established ethnic groups who have lived within the borders of China since at least the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911). The term \"\"zhonghua minzu\"\" was used during the Republic of China from 1911–1949 to refer to a subset of five ethnic groups in China. The term \"\"zhongguo renmin\"\" (), \"\"Chinese people\"\", was the government's preferred term during the life of Mao Zedong; \"\"zhonghua minzu\"\" is more common in recent decades. The Nationality law of the People's Republic of China regulates nationality within the PRC. A", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190461", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nessentially an ethnonym, and the proper way to refer to the country of the Han Chinese (i.e., \"\"China\"\" in a cultural sense) is \"\"Niaken gurun\"\", while \"\"niakendaaci-\"\" is a verb meaning \"\"to talk in Chinese.\"\" Japanese: \"\"Kara\"\" (; variously written in kanji as or ). An identical name was used by the ancient and medieval Japanese to refer to the country that is now known as Korea, and many Japanese historians and linguists believe that the word \"\"Kara\"\" referring to China and/or Korea may have derived from a metonymic extension of the appellation of the ancient city-states of Gaya. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1721126", "chunk_text": "\"China National Traditional Orchestra\"\nexperience\"\" with storytelling, lighting and sound special effects, multimedia backdrops, and moving scenery. The China National Traditional Orchestra has been known by several English names over the years, largely due to challenges with Chinese translation. The orchestra's Chinese name is pronounced in Chinese as \"\"Zhōngguó Zhōngyāng Mínzú Yuètuán\"\", where \"\"Zhōngguó\"\" means \"\"China,\"\" \"\"zhōngyāng\"\" means \"\"central,\"\" and \"\"mínzú yuètuán\"\" means \"\"ethnic nationalities\"\" orchestra. In English-speaking countries, the has been misidentified as other similarly named Chinese orchestras. The orchestra has also been referred to by different names within the same news article and in the orchestra's own promotional materials. English variants of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "490850", "chunk_text": "Huaxia\nof the Huaxia identity developed and took hold in ancient China. Initially, \"\"Huaxia\"\" defined mainly a civilized society that was distinct and stood in contrast to what was perceived as the barbaric peoples around them. Although still used in conjunction, the Chinese characters for \"\"Hua\"\" and \"\"Xia\"\" are also used separately as autonyms. The official Chinese names of both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) use the term \"\"Huaxia\"\" in combination with the term \"\"Zhongguo\"\" (中國, 中国, translated as \"\"Middle Kingdom\"\"), that is, as \"\"Zhonghua\"\" (中華, 中华). The PRC's official Chinese name is \"\"Zhonghua", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12224901", "chunk_text": "\"Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese\"\nprotection from heaven\"\". The Bouyei people in southern China and Vietnam are called \"\"Zhongjia\"\" 仲家, written with the \"\"human radical\"\" term \"\"zhong\"\" 仲 \"\"second; middle (of three months or brothers)\"\". The earlier ethnonym \"\"Zhongjia\"\" 狆家 used the \"\"dog radical\"\" term \"\"zhong\"\" 狆 \"\"lap dog; pug\"\", which now usually refers to the Japanese Chin (from Japanese language \"\"chin\"\" 狆). The modern Chinese transcription for the Gelao people is \"\"Gelaozu\"\" 仡佬族 with the \"\"human radical\"\", and \"\"Gelao\"\" was previously written 犵狫 with the \"\"dog radical\"\" and the same phonetic elements. The word \"\"liao\"\" 獠 originally meant \"\"night hunting; long, protruding teeth\"\", and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190426", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nto a confederation of tribes—living along the Yellow River—who were the ancestors of what later became the Han ethnic group in China. During the Warring States (475–221 BCE), the self-awareness of the Huaxia identity developed and took hold in ancient China. \"\"Tianxia\"\" (; ) literally means \"\"under heaven\"\"; and \"\"Tianchao\"\" () means \"\"Heavenly Dynasty\"\". These terms were usually used in the context of civil wars or periods of division, in which whoever ends up reunifying China is said to have ruled \"\"Tianxia\"\", or everything under heaven. This fits with the traditional Chinese theory of rulership in which the emperor was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20549199", "chunk_text": "Zhongyuan\nterm \"\"Zhongyuan\"\" refers to Chinese civilization and China proper, regions directly governed by centralized Chinese governments and dynasties. However, when used to describe the Chinese civilization, Zhongyuan often connotes Huaxia and Han Chinese cultural dominance. The Dungans, a Chinese-affiliated ethnic group, are referred to using terms linked to \"\"Zhongyuan\"\". Zhongyuan Zhongyuan (), Chungyuan, or the Central Plain, also known as Zhongtu (), Chungtu or Zhongzhou (), Chungchou, is the area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization. It forms part of the North China Plain. In its narrowest sense, the Central Plain", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13909049", "chunk_text": "China\n\"\"Cīna\"\" (). \"\"Cīna\"\" was first used in early Hindu scripture, including the \"\"Mahābhārata\"\" (5th century ) and the \"\"Laws of Manu\"\" (2nd century ). In 1655, Martino Martini suggested that the word China is derived ultimately from the name of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC), a proposal supported by many later scholars, although there are also a number of alternative suggestions. The official name of the modern state is the \"\"People's Republic of China\"\" (). The shorter form is \"\"China\"\" ' from ' (\"\"central\"\") and \"\"\"\" (\"\"state\"\"), a term which developed under the Western Zhou dynasty in reference to its", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6177488", "chunk_text": "\"China (Vangelis album)\"\nWhat is happening there is miraculous, it touches me\"\". He \"\"tried to capture in this record China as I feel it, with its peculiar character, its perfume. I find certain resemblances between the music of China and the music of Greece. Of course, I find a lot of musical similarities all around the world\"\", but \"\"I didn't try to do Chinese folk music. I'm not Chinese, but I did something that I felt had this characteristic colour of Chinese music\"\". The thematic concepts noted in the sleeve range from; \"\"Chung Kuo\"\" (Wade-Giles romanization of \"\"Zhongguo\"\") means \"\"China\"\" (or literally \"\"Middle", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190419", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nthen used in communications with other states and in treaties. The Manchu rulers incorporated Inner Asian polities into their empire, and Wei Yuan, a statecraft scholar, distinguished the new territories from \"\"Zhongguo\"\", which he defined as the 17 provinces of \"\"China proper\"\" plus the Manchu homelands in the Northeast. By the late 19th century the term had emerged as a common name for the whole country. The empire was sometimes referred to as Great Qing but increasingly as \"\"Zhongguo\"\" (see the discussion below). Dulimbai Gurun is the Manchu name for China. The historian Zhao Gang writes that \"\"not long after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "490851", "chunk_text": "Huaxia\nRenmin Gongheguo\"\" (), while that of the ROC is \"\"Zhonghua Minguo\"\" (). Today, the term \"\"Zhongguo\"\" usually refers to the nation itself and \"\"Zhonghua\"\" to the civilization. The term \"\"Zhongguo\"\" is confined by its association to a state, whereas \"\"Zhonghua\"\" mainly concerns culture. The term \"\"Huaren\"\" (華人) for a Chinese person is an abbreviation of \"\"Huaxia\"\" with \"\"ren\"\" (人, person). \"\"Huaren\"\" in general is used for people of Chinese ethnicity, which is distinct from \"\"Zhongguoren\"\" (中國人) which refers to citizens of China. Although some may use \"\"Zhongguoren\"\" to refer to the Chinese ethnicity, such usage is not accepted by some", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8710670", "chunk_text": "Zhongjunjiang\nstatus of qing but became extinct due to political struggles in Jin's court. The dictatorial power of Zhongjunjiang led to the constant conflicts between the six vassal states of Jin. Approaching the end of its existence, Jin was troubled by the civil wars waged by its own retainers against each other. The last Zhongjunjiang before the partition of Jin was Xun Yao, Viscount Xiang of Zhi. According to Chunqiu Dashibiao (春秋大事表) by Qing dynasty historian Gu Donggao, Zhongjunjiang is etymologically the origin of the Chinese words 將軍 and 元帥. The two alternative names of Zhongjunjiang later influenced the naming system", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340138", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nthe Chinese people a sense that China included areas such as Mongolia and Tibet due to education reforms in geography which made it clear where the borders of the Qing state were even if they didn't understand how the Chinese identity included Tibetans and Mongolians or understand what the connotations of being Chinese were. The Treaty of Nanking (1842) English version refers to \"\"His Majesty the Emperor of China\"\" while the Chinese refers both to \"\"The Great Qing Emperor\"\" (\"\"Da Qing Huangdi\"\") and to Zhongguo as well. The Treaty of Tientsin (1858) has similar language. In the late 19th century", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15095526", "chunk_text": "Chungcheng\nnamed \"\"Zhongzheng\"\" are now located in Taiwan. In Chinese, \"\"zhongzheng\"\" simply means \"\"upright\"\", and there are some usages which predate Chiang Kai-shek, such as \"\"\"\"zhongzheng\"\"\"\" (中正), a term describing a government official of the nine-rank system in imperial China. In Japanese history, the same characters (\"\"中正\"\") are used in names such as the organisation \"\"Chuuseikai\"\" (中正会), which are also unrelated to Chiang. Chungcheng Zhongzheng or Chungcheng () is a common name for places, roads, schools or organizations in Chinese-speaking areas, though today predominantly in Taiwan. The majority of these places and things are named after Chiang Chung-cheng, the preferred given", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "412424", "chunk_text": "\"Zhonghua minzu\"\nZhonghua minzu Zhonghua minzu (), translated as \"\"Chinese nation\"\" or \"\"Chinese races\"\", is a key political term that is entwined with modern Chinese history of nation-building and race. Since the late 1980s, the most fundamental change of the People's Republic of China's nationalities and minorities policies is the renaming from \"\"the Chinese People\"\" ( or \"\"Zhōngguó rénmín\"\") to \"\"the Chinese Ethnicities\"\" ( or \"\"Zhōnghuá mínzú\"\"), signalling a shift from the communist statehood with people of various nationalities to a multi-ethnic statehood based on a single nationality. During the early Republican (1912–27) and Nationalist (1928–49) periods, the term \"\"Zhonghua minzu\"\" comprised", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340146", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nterm is also common as part of the phrase \"\"designing rivers and mountains\"\" meaning maintaining and improving government and policy in the world. The name \"\"Jiuzhou\"\" (; ) means \"\"nine provinces\"\". Widely used in pre-modern Chinese text, the word originated during the middle of Warring States period of China (c. 400–221 BCE). During that time, the Yellow River river region was divided into nine geographical regions; thus this name was coined. Some people also attribute this word to the mythical hero and king, Yu the Great, who, in the legend, divided China into nine provinces during his reign. (Consult Zhou", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190427", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nnominally the political leader of the entire world and not merely the leader of a nation-state within the world. Historically the term was connected to the later Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046–256 BCE), especially the Spring and Autumn period (eighth to fourth century BCE) and the Warring States period (from there to 221 BCE, when China was reunified by the Qin state). \"\"Jiangshan\"\" (; ) literally means \"\"Rivers and mountains\"\". This term is quite similar in usage to Tianxia, and simply refers to the entire world, and here the most prominent features of which being rivers and mountains. Use of this", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3377610", "chunk_text": "\"Zhong (surname)\"\nZhong (surname) Zhong is pinyin transliteration of several Chinese surnames, including Zhōng (鍾/钟), Zhòng (种, ) and Zhòng (仲), etc.. These are also transliterated as Chung (especially in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia). Sometimes it's transliterated as Cheong or Choong in Malaysia. In Indonesia it's transliterated as Tjung. Zhōng (鍾/钟) is the 54th most common last name in China. People surnamed Zhong are the descendents of Tang of Shang. During the Zhou Dynasty, a descendent of Tang of Shang, Wei Zi Qi was made the duke of Song (south of Shanqiu, Henan). A few generations later, Song Heng Gong had", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "340154", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\nmainland China, for example in reference to the separate judicial and customs jurisdictions of mainland China on the one hand and Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan on the other. The term \"\"Neidi\"\" is also often used in Xinjiang and Tibet to distinguish the eastern provinces of China from the minority-populated, autonomous regions of the west. The name New China has been frequently applied to China by the Communist Party of China as a positive political and social term contrasting pre-1949 China (the establishment of the PRC) and the new socialist state, which eventually became Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó (see below), known", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8604684", "chunk_text": "Zhongnanhai\nto the Prime Minister of India and his cabinet). The state leaders, including Xi Jinping, current General Secretary of the Communist Party, and other top CPC and PRC leadership figures carry out many of their day-to-day administrative activities inside the compound, such as meetings with foreign dignitaries. China Central Television frequently shows footage of meetings inside the compound, but limits its coverage largely to views of the interior of buildings. The name of the Zhongnanhai complex, located west of the Forbidden City, means \"\"central and southern seas/lakes\"\", referring to two lakes (the \"\"Central Sea\"\" (中海) and \"\"Southern Sea\"\" (南海)) located", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14271954", "chunk_text": "Henan\nHenan Henan (; formerly romanised as Honan) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou () which literally means \"\"central plain land\"\" or \"\"midland\"\", although the name is also applied to the entirety of China proper. Henan is the birthplace of Chinese civilization with over 3,000 years of recorded history, and remained China's cultural, economical, and political center until approximately 1,000 years ago. Henan province is a home to a large number of heritage sites which have been left behind including the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16190421", "chunk_text": "\"Names of China\"\npeoples were part of \"\"China\"\". Officials used \"\"China\"\" (though not exclusively) in official documents, international treaties, and foreign affairs, and the \"\"Chinese language\"\" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) referred to Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and the term \"\"Chinese people\"\" ( Zhongguo ren; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all Han, Manchus, and Mongol subjects of the Qing. Ming loyalist Han literati held to defining the old Ming borders as China and using \"\"foreigner\"\" to describe minorities under Qing rule such as the Mongols, as part of their anti-Qing ideology. When the Qing conquered Dzungaria in 1759, they proclaimed that", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10541478", "chunk_text": "Zhongyongdao\nOn that occasion he instructed the people about eschatology, proclaiming the end of the \"\"jiazi\"\" and a new emperor to come. Zhongyongdao Zhongyongdao (中庸道 \"\"Way of the Golden Mean\"\") is a Chinese folk religious sect that as of the 1980s was a proscribed religion in China as testified by the arrest of one of its leaders, Tang Tianxu, in Sichuan in 1981. Tang Tianxu was a leader of Zhongyingdao who was arrested in the Kaijiang County of Sichuan in 1981. It is not known what sentence he received. According to an official report, in June of that year Tang gathered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3296	who sang i dreamed a dream in les miserables?	n/a	[ "Rose Laurens", "Fantine", "the character Fantine" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9390906", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nI Dreamed a Dream \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" is a song from the musical \"\"Les Misérables\"\". It is a solo that is sung by the character Fantine during the first act. The music is by Claude-Michel Schönberg, with orchestrations by John Cameron. The English lyrics are by Herbert Kretzmer, based on the original French libretto by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel from the original French production. The song is a lament, sung by the anguished Fantine, who has just been fired from her job at the factory and thrown onto the streets. She thinks back to happier days and wonders", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4979037", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\npeaked in the Irish Singles Chart at number 26, the Dutch Top 100 at number 58, and the Spanish Singles Chart at number 21. The song is also atop the iTunes Top Soundtrack Songs in Romania since January, 2013, where the song sold over 6,000 digital copies. is Tomomi Kahara's twenty-seventh single and first in over seven years. \"\"Yume Yaburete\"\" is the Japanese version of \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" from the musical Les Misérables. The Japanese lyrics were written by lyricist and translator Tokiko Iwatani. Despite being famously sung by Hiromi Iwasaki, the Japanese rendition of \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4979017", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nproduction by Herbert Kretzmer, adding the prologue (There was a time...) and cutting the last few lines which became the ending to \"\"Lovely Ladies\"\" ('Don't they know they're making love to one already dead'). For the French revival in 1991, the song was loosely translated back from the English version; there are thus two very different French versions of the song. The song, as it appeared in the original Paris production from 1980, was entitled \"\"J'avais rêvé d'une autre vie\"\" (\"\"I had dreamed of another life\"\"), and was originally sung by Rose Laurens. The first English-language production of \"\"Les Misérables\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12404152", "chunk_text": "\"Songs from Les Misérables\"\nvarious groups of poor women and men, female workers, solos by certain workers, and repetitious instrumentation. French Versions \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" is a solo sung by Fantine during the first act and the play's most famous number. Most of the music is soft and melancholic, but towards the end becomes louder and taut with frustration and anguish as she cries aloud about the wretched state of her life and her unfair mistreatment. Other uses French Versions \"\"Lovely Ladies\"\" is a song from the first act. It is followed by \"\"Fantine's Arrest\"\" and sometimes the two are counted as one", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9390929", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nwas never released as a single until Kahara's cover. The song was suggested for Kahara's comeback by executives at Universal J, Kahara's record label and the one behind the Japanese release of the soundtrack for the 2012 film adaptation of \"\"Les Misérables\"\". Coincidentally, the song happened to be a favorite of Kahara's that she often sang at auditions. The song was recorded with a backing orchestra of 41 musicians. The cover art for the single pays homage to the musical and the character of Fantine by depicting Kahara as a broken but hopeful woman. The single also includes a piano", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4979039", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nversion of \"\"Yume Yaburete\"\" as well as a self-cover of Kahara's 1996 hit song \"\"I'm Proud\"\". First pressing of the single includes a DVD featuring the music video for \"\"Yume Yaburete\"\". \"\"Yume Yaburete (I Dreamed a Dream)\"\" entered the Oricon weekly singles chart at number 13, marking Kahara's first top 20 single since \"\"Anata ga Ireba\"\" (2004). I Dreamed a Dream \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" is a song from the musical \"\"Les Misérables\"\". It is a solo that is sung by the character Fantine during the first act. The music is by Claude-Michel Schönberg, with orchestrations by John Cameron. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4979021", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nI dreamed\"\". Other male singers who have recorded the song include rock singer David Essex on his 1987 album \"\"Centre Stage\"\", \"\"Phantom of the Opera\"\" star Michael Crawford on his 1987 album \"\"The Phantom Unmasked\"\" and on his 1992 release \"\"With Love\"\", LuPone's \"\"Evita\"\" co-star Mandy Patinkin on his 1994 album \"\"Experiment\"\" and British theater star Michael Ball (Marius in the Original London production of \"\"Les Mis\"\") on his 1996 album \"\"The Musicals\"\". In 1991, Aretha Franklin included a version of the song on her album \"\"What You See is What You Sweat.\"\" Although not released as a single, Franklin", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19157314", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (2012 film)\"\ngroundbreaking.\"\" Clips of Jackman, Hathaway, Seyfried, Redmayne and Barks singing were received very positively, especially the teaser trailer's presentation of \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" by Hathaway. Producers released a new poster, featuring young Cosette (in what is essentially a real-life version of the musical's emblem), played by Isabelle Allen, 24 September 2012, on the film's official Facebook page. They released posters featuring Jean Valjean, Javert, Fantine, and Cosette 12 October, with additional posters of Thénardiers and Marius released 1 November 2012. \"\"Les Misérables\"\" was originally to be released 7 December 2012 before the studio moved it to 14 December in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10711065", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nto be featured in the upcoming deluxe edition of the album. It was well received by music critics and it was very commercially successful, entering the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 and reaching the top thirty of the UK Singles Chart, along with entering various other singles charts around the world. On his review of \"\"Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack\"\", \"\"Rolling Stone\"\"s Jody Rosen mentions Hathaway's rendition of the classic as one of the two decent tracks on the compilation, stating that \"\"There are a couple of redeeming moments on this chart-topping soundtrack; Sacha Baron Cohen has fun", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18020390", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\na Dream\"\" (Ria Jones); \"\"Stars\"\" (Philip Quast); \"\"On My Own\"\" (Meredith Braun); \"\"Bring Him Home\"\" (Jeff Leyton); and \"\"Empty Chairs at Empty Tables\"\" (Mike Sterling). The version of \"\"Stars\"\" is the same as that on the Complete Symphonic Recording. Recorded live at the Palace Theatre in Manchester, this recording was released to commemorate 25 years of \"\"Les Misérables\"\" in English. This recording featured new arrangements and reinspired orchestrations, and included John Owen-Jones as Valjean, Earl Carpenter as Javert, Madalena Alberto as Fantine, Ashley Artus as M. Thénardier, Lynne Wilmot as Mme. Thénardier, Gareth Gates as Marius, Katie Hall as Cosette,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16054405", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert\"\nWilkinson as Jean Valjean, Philip Quast as Inspector Javert, Michael Ball as Marius Pontmercy, Lea Salonga as Éponine, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Ruthie Henshall as Fantine, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier, Adam Searles as Gavroche, Hannah Chick as Young Cosette, and several others, and was directed by John Caird. The performers were chosen from the London, Broadway and Australian productions of the show and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra was conducted by David Charles Abell. It also aired on PBS part of the Great Performances series. The 10th anniversary concert of \"\"Les Misérables\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7211779", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream (album)\"\nthe show at the city's Clyde Auditorium, she said that she aspired to become a professional singer \"\"as successful as Elaine Paige\"\". Boyle sang \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" from \"\"Les Misérables\"\" in the first round of the third series of \"\"Britain's Got Talent\"\", which was watched by over 10 million viewers when it aired on 11 April 2009. Programme judge Amanda Holden remarked upon the audience's initially cynical attitude, and the subsequent \"\"biggest wake-up call ever\"\" upon hearing her performance. This performance was widely reported and tens of millions of people viewed the video on YouTube. Boyle was \"\"absolutely gobsmacked\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8885695", "chunk_text": "\"Rachelle Ann Go\"\nPhilippines. It was also announced that Go had been selected as the new Fantine in the 30th anniversary staging of \"\"Les Misérables\"\" in London which started on June 15 at the Queen's Theatre, a role also previously played by fellow Filipino actress and singer Lea Salonga. Go performed the song \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" from \"\"Les Misérables\"\" at West End Live 2015, an outdoor presentation of songs from popular musicals at Trafalgar Square in London. On August 2, 2015, Go together with some of the West End's biggest stars joined forces with celebrities and footballers for an event to raise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4979016", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nat all that has gone wrong in her life. The song is typically played in the key of E-flat major with the final chorus in F major, though the pitch is shifted up a bit for high-toned TVs, and it has also become a jazz standard. In the 1985 musical, the song occurs after Fantine has been fired, and before \"\"Lovely Ladies\"\". In the original French production and the 2012 film adaptation, these two musical numbers are swapped around, to place dramatic emphasis on Fantine's depressing descent into prostitution. The original French song was very extensively rewritten for the English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10711064", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nSchönberg with Herbert Kretzmer. The role of Fantine was played by Anne Hathaway for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. The film changed the ordering of some songs, and this song was swapped around with \"\"Lovely Ladies\"\", to place dramatic emphasis on Fantine's depression, after she has become a prostitute. As with the rest of the film, the vocals for the song were recorded by Hathaway, live on the set, and later edited together with the music. Her performance of the song was released as part of the \"\"\"\" on 21 December 2012 and was confirmed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19157309", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (2012 film)\"\nthe novel, Gavroche lives in the decaying monument. On-location filming also took place at Gourdon, Alpes-Maritimes in France. Footage of Hathaway singing \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\", a song from the musical, was shown at CinemaCon 26 April 2012. Russell Crowe confirmed 5 June 2012, on Twitter that he had finished filming. He was later followed by Samantha Barks, confirming that all of her scenes had too been completed. Jackman stated that all filming had been completed 23 June 2012. Some late filming occurred in Bath, Somerset, in October 2012 where stunt shots for Javert's suicide scene had to be reshot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19181318", "chunk_text": "\"Dream On (Glee)\"\ncover versions of seven songs. Will and Bryan duet on \"\"Dream On\"\" by Aerosmith, and \"\"Piano Man\"\" by Billy Joel. Bryan also sings \"\"Daydream Believer\"\" by The Monkees, and a \"\"Les Misérables\"\" auditionee played by Wendy Worthington sings \"\"Big Spender\"\" from \"\"Sweet Charity\"\". Artie performs \"\"The Safety Dance\"\" by Men Without Hats and \"\"Dream a Little Dream of Me\"\" by The Mamas & the Papas, and Shelby and Rachel sing \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" from \"\"Les Misérables\"\". Each of the songs except \"\"Piano Man\"\", \"\"Big Spender\"\" and \"\"Daydream Believer\"\" were released as singles, available for digital download, and \"\"Dream On\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18313993", "chunk_text": "\"Tom Hooper\"\nwireless earpieces on set so they could sing to accompanying piano music. Hooper believed this method allowed the actors to have emotional control over their songs: \"\"When Annie [Hathaway, who plays Fantine] is singing 'I Dreamed a Dream', if she needs to take a tenth of a second to have a thought before she sings it, or to have an emotion before she sings a line, she can take it.\"\" The actors also performed their songs in recitative style, which Hooper likened to being immersed in a 3D film. \"\"Les Miserables\"\" was released in North America on 25 December 2012,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279559", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\nLes Misérables (musical) Les Misérables (; ), colloquially known in English-speaking countries as Les Mis or Les Miz (), is a sung-through musical based on the 1862 novel of the same name by French poet and novelist Victor Hugo. The musical premiered in Paris in 1980, and has music by Claude-Michel Schönberg and original French-language lyrics by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel. An English-language libretto and English lyrics were written by Herbert Kretzmer. The London production has run continuously since October 1985, making it the longest-running musical in the West End and the second longest-running musical in the world after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10800533", "chunk_text": "\"Songs from Les Misérables\"\nline in German as he'd performed the role of Valjean in Germany), and the languages sung including French, German, Japanese, Hungarian, Swedish, Polish, Dutch, Norwegian, Czech, Danish, Icelandic and English. French Versions \"\"Rue Plumet – In My Life\"\", referred to on most recordings as simply \"\"In My Life\"\", is among the better-known songs from the musical. It largely involves a duet between Cosette and Valjean, though Marius and Éponine also sing near the end. In the Original London recording alone, it plays alongside a Cosette solo, \"\"I Saw Him Once\"\", (\"\"Te souviens-tu du premier jour ?\"\" in the original 1980", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4979018", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nopened on the West End in London in October 1985, with the role of Fantine portrayed by Patti LuPone. She would later feature the song on her 1993 album \"\"Patti LuPone Live!\"\" When the musical made its Broadway début in New York City in March 1987, Fantine was played by Randy Graff. Laurie Beechman would perform the role in the original U.S. touring production in 1988 and then on Broadway in 1990. That year she included the song on her album \"\"Listen to My Heart.\"\" Debra Byrne sang the song on the \"\"Complete Symphonic Recording\"\". Ruthie Henshall sang it on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7319667", "chunk_text": "\"Anne Hathaway\"\nbillion worldwide, becoming the third-highest-grossing film of 2012. A review published in IGN wrote of her \"\"magnetic presence\"\", adding, \"\"Hathaway imbues her [character] with a wounded spirit and a survivor’s edge that makes her feel genuine and sympathetic\"\". Hathaway won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. Hathaway played Fantine, a prostitute dying of tuberculosis, in Tom Hooper's film \"\"Les Misérables\"\", which was based on the musical of the same name. Footage of Hathaway singing \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\", a song from the film, was shown at CinemaCon in April 2012. Hooper described Hathaway's singing as \"\"raw\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19005765", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream: The Susan Boyle Story\"\nwell as a very special performance of the song that launched her to global superstardom; \"\"I Dreamed A Dream,\"\" with the London West End cast of Les Misérables. Produced by Steve Mac, ‘I Dreamed A Dream’ features her signature songs, \"\"I Dreamed A Dream\"\" and \"\"Cry Me A River.\"\" The album also includes a haunting rendition of Rolling Stones’ \"\"Wild Horses,\"\" Madonna’s \"\"You’ll See,\"\" The Monkees’ ‘Daydream Believer,’ and \"\"Who I Was Born To Be,\"\" an original recording written specially for Susan. Susan enthused: \"\"It was my greatest ambition to release an album and I have finally achieved it. There", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18392653", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\nhimself on the piano and singing every role was completed. An album of this collaboration was recorded at CTS Studios in Wembley and was released in 1980, selling 260,000 copies. The concept album includes Maurice Barrier as Jean Valjean, Jacques Mercier as Javert, Rose Laurens as Fantine, Yvan Dautin as Thénardier, Marie-France Roussel as Mme. Thénardier, Richard Dewitte as Marius, Fabienne Guyon as Cosette, Marie-France Dufour as Éponine, Michel Sardou as Enjolras, Fabrice Bernard as Gavroche, Maryse Cédolin as Young Cosette, Claude-Michel Schönberg as Courfeyrac, Salvatore Adamo as Combeferre, Michel Delpech as Feuilly, Dominique Tirmont as M. Gillenormand, and Mireille", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4825671", "chunk_text": "\"Susan Boyle\"\nperformance on the show was the first time she had sung in public since her mother died. In August 2008, Boyle applied for an audition for the third series of \"\"Britain's Got Talent\"\" (as contestant number 43212) and was accepted after a preliminary audition in Glasgow. When Boyle first appeared on \"\"Britain's Got Talent\"\" at the city's Clyde Auditorium, she said that she aspired to become a professional singer \"\"as successful as Elaine Paige\"\". Boyle sang \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" from \"\"Les Misérables\"\" in the first round, which was watched by over 10 million viewers when it aired on 11", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10995574", "chunk_text": "\"Petra Berger\"\nby Henny Huisman, reaching the finals with the song \"\"I Know Him So Well.\"\" After this show, the sisters were offered a recording contract and, under the name of Chess, soon had a modest hit with the song \"\"Never Change a Winning Team,\"\" composed by Jeroen Englebert. They followed this song with the singles \"\"Make My Day\"\" and \"\"Promise Not to Tell.\"\" In the early 1990s, Petra had a hit with the song \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\" in the musical \"\"Les Misérables\"\". The growing success of Chess had a negative effect on her sister Lida, who quit the group. Lida", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12404148", "chunk_text": "\"Songs from Les Misérables\"\nSongs from Les Misérables Les Misérables is a sung-through musical based on the novel \"\"Les Misérables\"\" by French poet and novelist Victor Hugo. Premiering in Paris in 1980, it has music by Claude-Michel Schönberg, original French lyrics by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel, with an English-language libretto by Herbert Kretzmer. The London production has run continuously since October 1985 – the longest-running musical in the West End and the second longest-running musical in the world. There have been several recordings of this material, including ones by the original London cast and original Broadway cast. However, no recording contains the entire", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "946372", "chunk_text": "\"Michel Berger\"\nJérôme Savary and lyricist Luc Plamondon to produce the musical \"\"La Légende de Jimmy\"\", inspired by the life of James Dean. However, this bombed. Berger's next musical project, \"\"Dreams in Stone\"\", was conceived as an American musical, co-arranged with Michel Bernholc, and recorded in the United States, with lead vocals by singers Rosanne Cash, Bill Champlin, Lynn Carey, Jennifer Warnes, and Bill Withers among others. Though the show itself never saw the light of day, the album was nevertheless released in 1982. The album was a complete flop, and is not generally known outside of a few fansites. Berger also", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1174234", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert\"\nEnd of the Day\"\", \"\"Lovely Ladies\"\", \"\"The Runaway Cart\"\", \"\"In My Life\"\", and \"\"Turning\"\" were also shortened. During the performance of \"\"Castle on a Cloud\"\", as Hannah Chick sang the line \"\"Crying at all is not allowed\"\", a loud pop was heard – the popping of a balloon, one of many stored in the ceiling for release at the end of the show. It visibly startled her (as seen by her sudden flinch), but she recovered immediately and continued the song with no delay in the delivery. The five international English-speaking Valjeans featured in the encore song played the convicts", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10800554", "chunk_text": "\"Songs from Les Misérables\"\n\"\"Epilogue\"\". Key Notes Songs from Les Misérables Les Misérables is a sung-through musical based on the novel \"\"Les Misérables\"\" by French poet and novelist Victor Hugo. Premiering in Paris in 1980, it has music by Claude-Michel Schönberg, original French lyrics by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel, with an English-language libretto by Herbert Kretzmer. The London production has run continuously since October 1985 – the longest-running musical in the West End and the second longest-running musical in the world. There have been several recordings of this material, including ones by the original London cast and original Broadway cast. However, no recording", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279684", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\n(e.g., those vital to plot such as \"\"Fantine's Arrest\"\" and \"\"The Runaway Cart\"\" were kept, while unnecessary or complex songs, such as \"\"At the Barricade\"\", were left out). The cast includes Colm Wilkinson as Valjean, Philip Quast as Javert, Ruthie Henshall as Fantine, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Jenny Galloway as Mme. Thénardier, Lea Salonga as Éponine, Adam Searles as Gavroche, Hannah Chick as Young Cosette, Michael Ball as Marius, Michael Maguire as Enjolras, Judy Kuhn as Cosette and Anthony Crivello as Grantaire. A five-track album featuring members of the UK national tour was released in 1992 and includes \"\"I Dreamed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14182075", "chunk_text": "\"Herbert Kretzmer\"\nwrite an English version of a French musical \"\"Les Misérables\"\" (by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schonberg). Kretzmer’s lyrics extended the two-hour Paris original into a three-hour show. The all-sung \"\"“Les Mis”\"\" opened at the Barbican Theatre on 8 October 1985 and is still running in the West End, the longest running West End musical in history. The score includes such well-covered ballads as \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\", \"\"Bring Him Home\"\", \"\"On My Own\"\" and \"\"Empty Chairs At Empty Tables\"\". For his work on the \"\"Les Misérables\"\" lyrics, Kretzmer received Tony and Grammy awards. In 2008 Kretzmer wrote the lyrics for", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1174235", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables: The Dream Cast in Concert\"\nin the opening number \"\"Look Down\"\". The programme ends with an encore in which seventeen international actors who portray Jean Valjean in their respective countries join Wilkinson on stage to each sing a few bars of \"\"Do You Hear the People Sing?\"\" in their native languages. They are then joined by the entire cast and choir to sing the last verse of \"\"One Day More\"\", receiving a standing ovation. Red, white, and blue balloons, as well as confetti, fall from the ceiling; sparklers erupt on stage as the show finishes. The following are the seventeen Valjeans who participated in the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8885702", "chunk_text": "\"Rachelle Ann Go\"\nEva Noblezada and the rest of the “Les Miserables” cast gave a rousing performance during the 2016 West End Live event in London held over the weekend. Go and Noblezada started with a beautiful mash-up of “I Dreamed a Dream” and “On My Own.” They play the roles of Fantine and Eponine, respectively. Go was awarded by West End Theater the Best performance of a song for her rendition of Les Misérables' \"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\". On November 11, 2016, at the Smart Araneta Coliseum, Go was set to have a concert with Yeng Constantino, KZ Tandingan, Angeline Quinto and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19633850", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\npart of \"\"In My Life\"\". The album has sold 887,000 copies in the US. The cast includes Colm Wilkinson as Valjean, Roger Allam as Javert, Patti LuPone as Fantine, Alun Armstrong as Thénardier, Susan Jane Tanner as Mme. Thénardier, Frances Ruffelle as Éponine, Ian Tucker as Gavroche, Michael Ball as Marius, David Burt as Enjolras, and Rebecca Caine as Cosette. The Original Broadway Cast recording was produced in 1987. It included several changes to the songs that are still evident in today's performances. As with its predecessor, it is incomplete, and leaves out songs or parts that are more important", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18020392", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\nJean Valjean, Norm Lewis as Javert, Nick Jonas as Marius, Samantha Barks as Éponine, Katie Hall as Cosette, Ramin Karimloo as Enjolras, Hadley Fraser as Grantaire, Lea Salonga as Fantine, Matt Lucas as Monsieur Thénardier and Jenny Galloway as Madame Thénardier. There are also various non-English language cast albums of the musical. Les Miserables Reviews Box Office Theatre Ltd. Retrieved 2016-07-12 Les Misérables (musical) Les Misérables (; ), colloquially known in English-speaking countries as Les Mis or Les Miz (), is a sung-through musical based on the 1862 novel of the same name by French poet and novelist Victor Hugo.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10279646", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\nThénardier, Jodie Prenger as Madame Thénardier, Carrie Hope Fletcher as Éponine, Alistair Brammer as Enjolras, Emily Langridge as Cosette, and Paul Wilkins as Marius. On 8 October 1995, the show celebrated the tenth anniversary of the West End production with a concert at the Royal Albert Hall. This 10th Anniversary Concert was nearly \"\"complete\"\", missing only a handful of scenes, including \"\"The Death of Gavroche\"\", \"\"The Robbery\"\" and the confrontation between Marius and the Thénardiers at the wedding feast. Sir Cameron Mackintosh hand-selected the cast, which became known as the \"\"Les Misérables Dream Cast\"\", assembled from around the world, and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20464882", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\nout, and the foreman and other workers uses the incident as a pretense to fire Fantine (\"\"At the End of the Day\"\"). Fantine reflects on her broken dreams and about Cosette's father, who abandoned them both (\"\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\"). Desperate for money, she sells her locket and hair, finally becoming a prostitute (\"\"Lovely Ladies\"\"). When she fights back against an abusive customer, Bamatabois, Javert, now a police inspector stationed in Montreuil-sur-Mer, arrives to arrest her. But Valjean, passing by the scene, pities Fantine, and when he realizes she once worked for him and that she blames him for her", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18020325", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\nWe would like this to be the final version.'\"\" Two songs were deleted—the complete version of Gavroche's song \"\"Little People\"\" and the adult Cosette's \"\"I Saw Him Once\"\". A short section at the beginning of \"\"In My Life\"\" replaced \"\"I Saw Him Once\"\". The lyrics in Javert's \"\"Stars\"\" were changed. It now ended with the line, \"\"This I swear by the stars!\"\", while the London production and cast recording ended with the repeated line, \"\"Keeping watch in the night\"\". The original Broadway cast included Colm Wilkinson as Jean Valjean, David Bryant as Marius, Judy Kuhn as Cosette, Michael Maguire as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4979019", "chunk_text": "\"I Dreamed a Dream\"\nthe \"\"Tenth Anniversary Concert Recording\"\" (1995). A Broadway revival in 2006 featured Daphne Rubin-Vega (2006–07), Lea Salonga (2007), and Judy Kuhn (2007–08). Lea Salonga sang it for the in London (2010). The show, and the song, has been translated into twenty-one languages, including Japanese, Hebrew, Icelandic, Norwegian, Czech, Polish, Spanish, and Estonian, and there have been 31 cast recordings featuring the song. The London cast version is Triple Platinum in the UK, for sales of more than 900,000, and Platinum in the U.S., for sales of more than one million. The Broadway cast version is Quadruple Platinum in the U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19633778", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables (musical)\"\nMarianne Mille as Éponine, Gilles Buhlmann as Marius, Christian Ratellin as Enjolras, Fabienne Guyon as Cosette, René-Louis Baron as Combeferre, Dominique Tirmont as M. Gillenormand, Anne Forrez as Mlle. Gillenormand, and Claude Reva as the storyteller. The English-language version, with lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer and additional material by James Fenton, was substantially expanded and reworked from a literal translation by Siobhan Bracke of the original Paris version, in particular adding a prologue to tell Jean Valjean's background story. Kretzmer's lyrics was not a direct \"\"translation\"\" of the French, a term that Kretzmer refused to use. A third of the English", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14464542", "chunk_text": "\"A Man Has Dreams\"\nA Man Has Dreams \"\"A Man Has Dreams\"\" is a song from Walt Disney's film \"\"Mary Poppins\"\", written by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman. The song melody is a slowed down version of \"\"The Life I Lead\"\" which serves as Banks's leitmotif as he was fired. In both the motion picture and the stage musical, the song is performed as a conversational duet between Bert, the chimney sweep (Dick Van Dyke) and George Banks (David Tomlinson). It is operatic in nature, sung dialogue, and was highly unusual for a musical film of that era. The song incorporates a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12767238", "chunk_text": "\"Herbert Kretzmer\"\nHerbert Kretzmer Herbert Kretzmer, OBE (born 5 October 1925) is a South African-born English journalist and lyricist. He is best known as the lyricist for the English-language musical adaptation of \"\"Les Misérables\"\" as well as for his long-time collaboration writing the English-language lyrics to the songs of French chansonnier Charles Aznavour. Kretzmer was born in Kroonstad, South Africa, in 1925. He is one of four brothers of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants William and Tilly Kretzmer, who fled the pogroms of Czarist Russia to settle in small-town South Africa early in the 20th century. His parents ran a furniture store. Elliot, the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3914815", "chunk_text": "\"Dream a Dream\"\nDream a Dream Dream a Dream is the third music recording/album featuring the voice of 14-year-old soprano Charlotte Church, released in 2000. The album is principally a collection of Christmas carols, but also includes the non - Christmas title track \"\"Dream a Dream\"\", Charlotte's first foray into a more pop-influenced genre, composed by James Shearman and Simon Greenaway based on the melody from Fauré's Pavane with lyrics by Sam Babenia. \"\"Dream a Dream\"\" was also the biggest-selling holiday album of 2000 in the United States with sales of 1,077,000 according to Nielsen/SoundScan. On December 6, 2000, \"\"Dream a Dream\"\" was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "764379", "chunk_text": "\"Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack\"\nLes Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film soundtrack for the Universal Pictures film \"\"Les Misérables\"\", performed by Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Amanda Seyfried, Eddie Redmayne, Samantha Barks, Aaron Tveit, Helena Bonham Carter, Sacha Baron Cohen and other artists. It was released on December 21, 2012. The music is written by Claude-Michel Schönberg; the lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer based on the French text by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel. In an interview with BBC Radio 4's Front Row, Tom Hooper the film's director, revealed that Claude-Michel Schönberg", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18487932", "chunk_text": "\"One Day More\"\nOne Day More \"\"One Day More\"\" is a song from the musical \"\"Les Misérables\"\". The music was written by Claude-Michel Schönberg, original French lyrics by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel, with an English-language libretto by Herbert Kretzmer. It is the final song of Act I and is one of the most famous and iconic songs of the musical. It is a choral piece featuring many solos showcasing vocal performances by all of the main characters in the show (except for Fantine who had died already at this point of the story). The music is by Claude-Michel Schönberg, with orchestrations by", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12735885", "chunk_text": "\"A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes\"\nComo, Hilary Duff, Eden Espinosa, Kimberley Locke, Johnny Mathis, Cher, Bette Midler, Linda Ronstadt, Shakey Graves, Tomiko Van and Sabrina Carpenter. One studio compilation, \"\"Cinderella: Songs From The Classic Fairy Tale\"\" (1998) places the song in context with other musical treatments of the Cinderella story, including songs by Rodgers and Hammerstein, Sergey Prokofiev, Stephen Sondheim and the Sherman Brothers. Perry Como with Mitchell Ayres' and His Orchestra recorded it in New York City on October 3, 1949. It was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-3607A (in USA) and by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2455915", "chunk_text": "\"I've Got a Dream\"\nI've Got a Dream \"\"I've Got a Dream\"\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Glenn Slater from Disney's 2010 animated feature film, \"\"Tangled\"\". It is performed by Brad Garrett, Jeffrey Tambor, Mandy Moore and Zachary Levi. \"\"I've Got a Dream\"\" is performed by a bunch of pub-dwellers who initially intimidate Rapunzel and Flynn, but they eventually bond over their shared desire for more in their lives. The song revolves around the notion that \"\"'Thugs' means, 'criminals who are basically misunderstood'.\"\" ComingSoon said the song was \"\"memorable for the silly barbarians\"\". Purity and Precision says that in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18487934", "chunk_text": "\"One Day More\"\nI did—after myself deciding on the subject and title of every song—in collaboration with my friend, poet Jean-Marc Natel.\"\" A concept album with the title \"\"Les Misérables: L'integrale\"\" was developed, and the authors asked famous French singers to sing their roles on it. The song, then titled \"\"Demain\"\" (\"\"Tomorrow\"\"), was sung by Maurice Barrier as Jean Valjean, Richard Dewitte as Marius, Fabienne Guyon as Cosette, Marie-France Dufour as Éponine, Michel Sardou as Enjolras, Jacques Mercier as Javert, Yvan Dautin as Thénardier, and Marie-France Roussel as Madame Thénardier. In the original Paris production from 1980, \"\"Demain\"\" was sung by Maurice Barrier", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3725618", "chunk_text": "\"Michael Burgess (singer)\"\nMichael Burgess (singer) Michael Burgess, (July 22, 1945 – September 28, 2015) was a Canadian actor and tenor singer, best known for his portrayal of Jean Valjean in the Toronto production of \"\"Les Misérables\"\" and was the former anthem singer of the Toronto Maple Leafs. Burgess was born in Regina, Saskatchewan; his early musical training included education at Toronto's St. Michael's Choir School. He studied at the University of Ottawa. Burgess appeared as one of the 17 Jean Valjeans at the end of the \"\"\"\". His other major performances include \"\"Man of La Mancha\"\", \"\"Blood Brothers\"\", and starring roles throughout", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3297	who plays the scary nun in the conjuring 2?	n/a	[ "Bonnie Aarons" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15481645", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\ntitled \"\"The Nun\"\", focusing on the \"\"Demon Nun\"\" character Valak, was in development with Johnson writing the script. Safran and Wan are producing. Corin Hardy was hired to direct the film, with a screenplay by Wan and Gary Dauberman. It was released on September 7, 2018, with Demián Bichir and Taissa Farmiga cast in the lead roles. Bonnie Aarons will reprise her role in the film, and Charlotte Hope, Jonas Bloquet, and Ingrid Bisu are set to co-star. Filming began in May 2017 in Bucharest, Romania. On May 31, 2017, Peter Safran said there was a possibility of a Crooked", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15481624", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\nFilm Commission for bringing the production to the state. On September 13, 2015, Don Burgess was confirmed as the film's director of photography. In September 2015, Frances O'Connor, Simon McBurney, newcomer Lauren Esposito, and Madison Wolfe joined the cast. Franka Potente, Simon Delaney, Maria Doyle Kennedy, and newcomers Patrick McAuley and Benjamin Haigh were also reported to have been cast in late September 2015. In November 2015, it was announced that Abhi Sinha had joined the cast of the film. On December 1, 2015, it was confirmed that Sterling Jerins would reprise her role as the Warrens' daughter Judy. Principal", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "70400", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\nThe Conjuring 2 The Conjuring 2 (also known as The Conjuring 2: The Enfield Case) is a 2016 American supernatural horror film, directed by James Wan. The screenplay is by Chad Hayes, Carey W. Hayes, Wan, and David Leslie Johnson. It is the sequel to 2013's \"\"The Conjuring\"\", the second installment in \"\"The Conjuring\"\" series, and the third installment in The Conjuring Universe franchise. Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga reprise their roles as paranormal investigators and authors Ed and Lorraine Warren from the first film. The film follows the Warrens as they travel to Britain to assist the Hodgson family,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14640256", "chunk_text": "\"The Nun (2018 film)\"\nThe Nun (2018 film) The Nun is a 2018 American gothic supernatural horror film directed by Corin Hardy and written by Gary Dauberman, from a story by Dauberman and James Wan. A spin-off of 2016's \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\", and the fifth installment in The Conjuring Universe, the film stars Demián Bichir, Taissa Farmiga and Jonas Bloquet. The plot follows a Roman Catholic priest and a nun in her novitiate as they uncover an unholy secret in 1952 Romania. Principal photography began in May 2017 in Bucharest, Romania, and during filming, the set was blessed by a Roman Catholic clergyman. \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20146643", "chunk_text": "\"Bonnie Aarons\"\nBonnie Aarons Bonnie Aarons (born June 3, 1979 in Los Angeles) is an American actress and writer. She is best known for her roles as the bum in \"\"Mulholland Drive\"\" (2001), Baroness Joy von Troken in \"\"The Princess Diaries\"\" (2001) and its sequel, \"\"\"\" (2004), and the demon nun known as Valak in \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" (2016) and its subsequent spinoff, \"\"The Nun\"\" (2018). She will appear in the 2018 movie \"\"Adi Shankar's Gods and Secrets\"\". Aarons attended acting school in New York City, but was frequently told that she would not have an acting career, due to her look", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5366654", "chunk_text": "\"The Nun (2018 film)\"\nby an inverted cross on his neck. Twenty years later at a university seminar, Carolyn Perron watches as Ed and Lorraine Warren present footage of their attempt to exorcise a possessed Maurice. In the footage, Maurice grabs Lorraine, giving her visions of Ed dying, which initiate the Warrens' investigation of the Hodgson household haunting, as well as their encounter with Valak itself. Additionally, Patrick Wilson, Vera Farmiga, Christof Veillon, and Lili Taylor appear in archive footage from \"\"The Conjuring\"\" as Ed and Lorraine Warren, the older Maurice Theriault, and Carolyn Perron, respectively. On June 15, 2016, Warner Bros. Pictures and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15481627", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\nrhymes \"\"This Old Man\"\" and \"\"There Was a Crooked Man\"\" are also featured. Composer Mark Isham's family themes from the first film, \"\"Photograph\"\" and \"\"Happy Family\"\", were also used in \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\". In December 2015, \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" released the first image from the film, introducing the character portrayed by Madison Wolfe. On January 6, 2016, James Wan posted a teaser clip to his social media accounts revealing that the first official trailer would debut the following day. Also on January 6, Yahoo! Movies exclusively released two stills from the film, featuring Vera Farmiga and Patrick Wilson. On March 26,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14640269", "chunk_text": "\"The Nun (2018 film)\"\ncover: \"\"I do know where potentially, if \"\"The Nun\"\" works out, where \"\"The Nun 2\"\" could lead to and how that ties back to Lorraine's story that we've set up with the first two \"\"Conjuring\"\"s and make it all come full circle.\"\" The Nun (2018 film) The Nun is a 2018 American gothic supernatural horror film directed by Corin Hardy and written by Gary Dauberman, from a story by Dauberman and James Wan. A spin-off of 2016's \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\", and the fifth installment in The Conjuring Universe, the film stars Demián Bichir, Taissa Farmiga and Jonas Bloquet. The plot", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15481623", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\nreported that Vera Farmiga and Patrick Wilson had signed on to reprise their roles from \"\"The Conjuring\"\". This was confirmed in February 2014. On October 21, 2014, it was announced that James Wan would return to direct the sequel, and production would begin in the summer of 2015. In early July 2015, lead actors Farmiga and Wilson visited Lorraine Warren at the New England Paranormal Research Center in Connecticut in preparation for their roles. On July 28, 2015, Wan officially began pre-production for the film. In August 2015, the film was granted $5.6 million in tax credits from the California", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6148901", "chunk_text": "\"The Nun (2018 film)\"\nauditions for this role and she had some kind of presence outside of her own body that is evident, and she's phenomenal.\"\" Bonnie Aarons was then set to reprise her role as the \"\"Demon Nun\"\" character Valak from \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\". Charlotte Hope, Jonas Bloquet, and Ingrid Bisu were subsequently announced to star, rounding out the main cast. Principal photography for the film began on May 3, 2017, at Castel Film Studios in Bucharest, Romania, with Maxime Alexandre serving as cinematographer. Film director Corin Hardy had a Roman Catholic priest bless the set prior to filming. Scenes were filmed in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2835668", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring Universe\"\nhad joined the cast in the lead role. That same month, Taissa Farmiga joined the cast of the film, in the titular role. Bonnie Aarons will reprise her role in the film. The plot of the film follows a nun, a priest and a novitiate as they investigate an unholy secret and confront a malevolent force in the form of a demonic nun. Filming began in May 2017 in Bucharest, Romania and the film was released on September 7, 2018. On August 12, 2017, Wan discussed a possibility for a \"\"Nun\"\" sequel and what its storyline may be: \"\"I do", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "70401", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\nwho are experiencing poltergeist activity at their Enfield council house in 1977 which later became referred to as the Enfield Poltergeist. \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" was released in the United States on June 10, 2016. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $320 million worldwide. A spin-off prequel, \"\"The Nun\"\", was released on September 7, 2018, and a third \"\"Conjuring\"\" film is in development. In 1976, paranormal investigators Ed and Lorraine Warren document the Amityville murders at the Amityville house, to determine if a demonic presence was truly responsible for Ronald DeFeo Jr. killing his entire family on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18188254", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring\"\nprequel \"\"\"\" from 2017, and a third \"\"Annabelle\"\" film, slated for release in 2019. Finally, two other films featuring supernatural threats first seen in \"\"The Conjuring\"\" films include \"\"The Nun\"\", released in 2018, and \"\"The Crooked Man\"\", which is in development. In June 2013, it was reported that New Line Cinema was already developing a sequel. Both Farmiga and Wilson are signed on to reprise their roles for an additional film. \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" was scheduled to be released on October 23, 2015, but in October 2014, Warner Bros. moved the film's release date to an unspecified 2016 release date.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16996712", "chunk_text": "\"Ed and Lorraine Warren\"\nAnnabelle doll. Farmiga and Wilson appeared as Ed and Lorraine in the 2018 spin-off film \"\"The Nun\"\", focusing on the character of Valak on its \"\"Demon Nun\"\" form who was the villain from \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\". Farmiga and Wilson will once again reprise their roles as Ed and Lorraine in \"\"Annabelle 3\"\", the 2019 sequel to \"\"Annabelle\"\". Ed and Lorraine Warren Edward Warren Miney (September 7, 1926 – August 23, 2006) and Lorraine Rita Warren (née Moran, born January 31, 1927) were American paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent cases of hauntings. Edward was a World War II United", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18951942", "chunk_text": "\"Ingrid Bisu\"\nfilm \"\"The Nun\"\", a spinoff of \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\", playing Sister Oana. The film was released in September 2018. Ingrid Bisu Ingrid Bisu is a Romanian-German actress and producer. She is known for her appearance in the dramedy \"\"Toni Erdmann\"\" (2016), which was nominated at The Cannes Film Festival for the Palme d'Or and also for Best Foreign Film at the Golden Globe Awards and the Academy Awards in 2017. Bisu was born on 15 September 1987 in Bucharest, Romania to Romanian/German parents. She grew up in the German community in Romania, attending the German kindergarten, highschool and college in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10079576", "chunk_text": "\"Madison Wolfe\"\nMadison Wolfe Madison Wolfe (born October 16, 2002) is an American actress. She made her film debut in the adventure drama \"\"On the Road\"\" (2012) and her television debut in the HBO series \"\"True Detective\"\" (2014). She starred in the horror film \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" (2016), and as Barbara Thorson in the fantasy/drama film \"\"I Kill Giants\"\" (2017). Wolfe's sister, Meghan, is also an actress. Wolfe made her film debut in the adventure drama film \"\"On The Road\"\" portraying the role of Dodie Lee. She then appeared in \"\"The Campaign\"\" and \"\"Devil's Due\"\". Wolfe appeared in \"\"Joy\"\" as the younger", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17421375", "chunk_text": "\"Scary Movie 2\"\nThe consensus at Rotten Tomatoes calls it \"\"a sloppy, rushed-out product\"\". A teenage girl named Megan Voorhees (Natasha Lyonne) becomes possessed by the spirit of Hugh Kane (Richard Moll), the house's previous owner. During a formal dinner party she emerges in her pajamas, insults her mother and the guests, then proceeds to urinate profusely on the floor. In response, Megan's mother (Veronica Cartwright) seeks help from two priests, Father McFeely (James Woods) and Father Harris (Andy Richter). After paying a trip to the bathroom, the men attempt to drive Hugh's ghost out, but the exorcism does not go as planned.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6379339", "chunk_text": "\"Madison Wolfe\"\nversion of Elisabeth Röhm. Then she appeared in \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\", directed by James Wan. The film was released on June 10, 2016. She starred in \"\"I Kill Giants\"\" opposite Zoe Saldana directed by Anders Walter. Madison Wolfe Madison Wolfe (born October 16, 2002) is an American actress. She made her film debut in the adventure drama \"\"On the Road\"\" (2012) and her television debut in the HBO series \"\"True Detective\"\" (2014). She starred in the horror film \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" (2016), and as Barbara Thorson in the fantasy/drama film \"\"I Kill Giants\"\" (2017). Wolfe's sister, Meghan, is also an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11757062", "chunk_text": "\"The Nun (2018 film)\"\nwe created that has what we hope will ultimately be our series of movies. We have it in chronological order, so we can keep track of where it all happens.\"\" On April 5, 2017, Demián Bichir was cast in the film, as a priest investigating a nun's mysterious suicide. Taissa Farmiga was cast shortly after, as a Roman Catholic nun in her novitiate. Corin Hardy later said that he initially did not want to cast Farmiga due to her being the sister of \"\"The Conjuring\"\" star Vera Farmiga, but changed his mind when he saw her auditions, \"\"I watched 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "594280", "chunk_text": "\"Ed and Lorraine Warren\"\nand Lorraine Warren. In 2014, \"\"Annabelle\"\", a supernatural psychological horror film directed by John R. Leonetti was released. It is both a prequel to and spin-off of \"\"The Conjuring\"\" and was inspired by a story of a possessed doll named Annabelle. It stars Annabelle Wallis, Ward Horton, and Alfre Woodard. The 2016 film \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\", a sequel to \"\"The Conjuring\"\", was directed by Wan, with Farmiga and Wilson reprising their roles as Lorraine and Ed, respectively. It's based on the Enfield Poltergeist case. In 2017, \"\"\"\" was released as a prequel to \"\"Annabelle\"\", telling the origin story of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2835667", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring Universe\"\nand finished in December of the same year. In June 2016, it was reported that a spin-off film titled \"\"The Nun\"\", featuring the \"\"Demon Nun\"\" character Valak from \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\", was in development with \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" co-scribe David Leslie Johnson writing the script, and Wan and Safran set to produce the project. In February of the following year, it was announced that Corin Hardy had signed on to direct. Gary Dauberman was also reported to have written a new screenplay based on a story treatment from James Wan and Dauberman. In April 2017, it was revealed Demián Bichir", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5602218", "chunk_text": "\"Night of the Demons 2\"\nHouse on Halloween, and many of the bodies left at Hull House were recovered except for Angela's; rumor persists she descended bodily into Hell. As it turns out, her parents committed suicide five years later after receiving a Halloween card with Angela's signature. A year later her sister Melissa, nicknamed 'Mouse' (Merle Kennedy), is now staying at St. Rita's Academy, a Catholic boarding school for troubled teenagers. She frequently has nightmares about her sister. Rumors spread around the school regarding Mouse, started by the school bully, Shirley (Zoe Trilling). However, the head nun at the school, Sister Gloria (Jennifer Rhodes),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11604106", "chunk_text": "\"Sterling Jerins\"\naction thriller film \"\"No Escape\"\". In 2016, she reprised her role as Judy Warren in the supernatural horror film sequel \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\". She currently co-stars in the HBO comedy series \"\"Divorce\"\", with Sarah Jessica Parker and Thomas Haden Church. Jerins is the daughter of artist Edgar Jerins and actress Alana Jerins. Her elder sister, Ruby Jerins, is also an actress who had a regular role in \"\"Nurse Jackie\"\" and appeared in the 2010 films \"\"Remember Me\"\" and \"\"Shutter Island\"\". Sterling Jerins Sterling Jerins (born June 15, 2004) is an American child actress, known for playing Lily Bowers on the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20190367", "chunk_text": "\"Untitled Annabelle film\"\nUntitled Annabelle film The untitled \"\"Annabelle\"\" film, a sequel to 2014's \"\"Annabelle\"\" and to 2017's \"\"\"\", and the sixth installment in The Conjuring Universe, is an upcoming American supernatural horror film, based on the legend of the Annabelle doll, produced by New Line Cinema and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. The film is directed by Gary Dauberman in his directorial debut, with the screenplay by himself, and the story co-written with James Wan, who also produced the film with Peter Safran. The film stars Mckenna Grace, Madison Iseman, Katie Sarife, Patrick Wilson, and Vera Farmiga, who are reprising their roles", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8961402", "chunk_text": "\"Vera Farmiga\"\n\"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" identified her as \"\"the main reason [the series] is surprisingly good\"\". In addition to starring, she served as a producer and later executive producer from the second season to its fifth and final season, which aired in 2017. She next appeared in James Wan's horror film \"\"The Conjuring\"\" (2013), which was met with critical and commercial success. The film became the second highest-grossing horror film of all time up to that date. Farmiga portrayed paranormal investigator and self-professed clairvoyant Lorraine Warren, alongside Patrick Wilson, for which she was nominated for the MTV Movie Award for Best Scared-As-Shit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19764400", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring\"\nThe Conjuring The Conjuring is a 2013 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wan and written by Chad Hayes and Carey W. Hayes. It is the inaugural film in The Conjuring Universe franchise. Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga star as Ed and Lorraine Warren, paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent cases of haunting. Their purportedly real-life reports inspired \"\"The Amityville Horror\"\" story and film franchise. The Warrens come to the assistance of the Perron family, who experienced increasingly disturbing events in their farmhouse in Rhode Island in 1971. \"\"The Conjuring\"\" was released in the United States and Canada", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11515054", "chunk_text": "\"Annabelle: Creation\"\nsoon adopt Annabelle. Twelve years later, a grown-up Annabelle joins a Satanic cult and, along with her boyfriend, murders her adoptive parents in their bedroom, which catches the attention of their next-door neighbors, the Forms. In 1952, Valak, the Demon Nun, walks the candle-lit halls of the Cârța Monastery in Romania, as each candle slowly goes out. Additionally, Annabelle Wallis and Ward Horton appear in archive footage from \"\"Annabelle\"\" as Mia and John Form, respectively, and Bonnie Aarons reprises her role from \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" as the demon nun Valak in an uncredited appearance. In October 2015, it was confirmed", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8961383", "chunk_text": "\"Vera Farmiga\"\naction thriller \"\"Safe House\"\" (2012), and the biographical drama \"\"The Front Runner\"\" (2018). Farmiga portrayed paranormal investigator Lorraine Warren in the blockbuster horror film \"\"The Conjuring\"\" (2013), its sequel \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" (2016), and \"\"Annabelle 3\"\" (2019). From 2013 to 2017, she starred as Norma Louise Bates in the A&E drama-thriller series \"\"Bates Motel\"\", which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. These roles, along with parts in \"\"Joshua\"\" (2007) and \"\"Orphan\"\" (2009), saw her dubbed as a contemporary scream queen. Farmiga was born on August 6, 1973, in Clifton, New Jersey. Her parents are Ukrainians: Lubomyra \"\"Luba\"\" (née Spas),", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "70431", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\nMan film. On June 14, 2017, it was reported that a spin-off film titled \"\"The Crooked Man\"\", featuring the character of the same name from \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\", was in development with Mike Van Waes writing the screenplay from a story by James Wan, with Safran and Wan set to produce the project. The Conjuring 2 The Conjuring 2 (also known as The Conjuring 2: The Enfield Case) is a 2016 American supernatural horror film, directed by James Wan. The screenplay is by Chad Hayes, Carey W. Hayes, Wan, and David Leslie Johnson. It is the sequel to 2013's \"\"The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4625380", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Exorcism Part II\"\nin a found footage format. The film received generally negative reviews compared to the first film but was a box office success nonetheless. A couple, Jared (Judd Lormand) and Lily (Boyana Balta), finds a demonic-looking Nell Sweetzer (Ashley Bell) squatting next to their refrigerator. She soon is taken to a hospital, where she appears to be catatonic. After spending a few months at the insightful and caring therapist Frank's (Muse Watson) home for girls in New Orleans and settling in as a chambermaid at a hotel under the supervision of her boss Beverly (Diva Tyler), Nell's condition seems to have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7378615", "chunk_text": "\"Insidious: Chapter 2\"\nfrom \"\"The Conjuring\"\" I applied to \"\"Insidious 2\"\",\"\" said Wan. \"\"So for me, I feel like it's a cumulative filmmaking experience that I've gathered over the years.\"\" On November 19, 2012, it was officially announced that Patrick Wilson, Rose Byrne, Lin Shaye, and Ty Simpkins would reprise their roles from the first film. The following month, it was announced that Barbara Hershey would also be returning. In February 2013, Jocelin Donahue and Lindsay Seim rounded out the cast as younger versions of Hershey and Shaye's characters, respectively. It was also confirmed that the film's screenwriter Leigh Whannell and actor Angus", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7378604", "chunk_text": "\"Insidious: Chapter 2\"\nInsidious: Chapter 2 Insidious: Chapter 2 is a 2013 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wan. It is a sequel to \"\"Insidious,\"\" the second installment in the \"\"Insidious\"\" franchise, and the fourth in terms of the series' in-story chronology. The film stars Patrick Wilson and Rose Byrne reprising their roles as Josh and Renai Lambert, a husband and wife who seek to uncover the secret that has left them dangerously connected to the spirit world. The film was released September 13, 2013. A prequel film, \"\"\"\", was released on June 5, 2015. In 1986, Lorraine Lambert summons demonologist Elise", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3902150", "chunk_text": "\"Taissa Farmiga\"\nwith director Hannah Fidell for the comedy film \"\"The Long Dumb Road\"\", both of which premiered at the 2018 Sundance. She next appeared as the Catholic novitiate Sister Irene in Corin Hardy's horror film \"\"The Nun\"\", the fifth film in The Conjuring Universe, which was released in September 2018. In August 2018, it was confirmed that Farmiga would return to \"\"American Horror Story\"\" for the eighth season of the series, \"\"\"\", portraying both her \"\"Murder House\"\" and \"\"Coven\"\" characters, Violet Harmon and Zoe Benson. Farmiga then played protagonist Merricat Blackwood in Stacie Passon's film adaptation of Shirley Jackson's mystery novel", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4625381", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Exorcism Part II\"\nimproved and she no longer has \"\"bad dreams\"\". Nell and her group of friends Gwen (Julia Garner), Daphne (Erica Michelle), and Monique (Sharice Angelle Williams) attend a Mardi Gras parade; Nell witnesses many strange happenings there, including masked men watching her. Her personality changes as things get darker. She begins to get hints that the demon Abalam is back. When Stephanie (Raeden Greer), one of the girls at the house, dies of an unnatural seizure, Cecile (Tarra Riggs), Nell's former nurse, informs her of the Order of the Right Hand, a secret society which has been monitoring Nell. Nell's friends", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15481640", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\nthe efforts of so many horror sequels, but even if \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" doesn't deliver the delightful jolts of its predecessor, it maintains a consistent chill throughout, with a slow and steady dread that creeps up on you over time.\"\" In a mixed review, Chris Nashawaty of \"\"Entertainment Weekly\"\" gave the film a B-, writing, \"\"There are some solid scares (Wan is too gifted in the dark art of gotcha manipulation to not make you leap a few times), but there's nothing on par with the first film's brilliant hide-and-clap scene with Lili Taylor.\"\" Jacob Wilkins of \"\"The Cavalier Daily\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4625388", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Exorcism Part II\"\nfor the film were negative though; Mark Olsen of \"\"Los Angeles Times\"\" gave a positive review stating \"\"\"\"The Last Exorcism Part II\"\" is an effectively unnerving, slow-burn supernatural horror tale\"\". The Last Exorcism Part II The Last Exorcism Part II is a 2013 American supernatural drama horror film co-written and directed by Ed Gass-Donnelly. It stars Ashley Bell, Julia Garner, Spencer Treat Clark, David Jensen, Tarra Riggs, Louis Herthum, and Muse Watson. It is a sequel to 2010's \"\"The Last Exorcism\"\", and released on March 1, 2013. The film follows Nell Sweetzer as she attempts to recover from her past", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9152014", "chunk_text": "\"Carrie Coon\"\nfor a Tony Award for her performance in the 2012 revival of \"\"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\"\". She has starred in many films, including as Margo Dunne in the thriller \"\"Gone Girl\"\" (2014), Meg Greenfield in the drama \"\"The Post\"\" (2017), and in the supernatural horror drama \"\"The Keeping Hours\"\" (2017). In 2018, she played the Black Order member Proxima Midnight in \"\"\"\" and Vera Walker in the second season of \"\"The Sinner\"\". Carrie Alexandra Coon was born in Copley, Ohio on January 24, 1981, the daughter of Paula (\"\"née\"\" Ploenes) and John Coon. She has an older sister, an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20775262", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring\"\nthird installment was in development, with \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" co-writer David Leslie Johnson hired to write the screenplay. The Conjuring The Conjuring is a 2013 American supernatural horror film directed by James Wan and written by Chad Hayes and Carey W. Hayes. It is the inaugural film in The Conjuring Universe franchise. Patrick Wilson and Vera Farmiga star as Ed and Lorraine Warren, paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent cases of haunting. Their purportedly real-life reports inspired \"\"The Amityville Horror\"\" story and film franchise. The Warrens come to the assistance of the Perron family, who experienced increasingly disturbing events", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19975351", "chunk_text": "\"Ashley Bell (actress)\"\nAshley Bell (actress) Ashley Bell (born May 26, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Nell Sweetzer in the films \"\"The Last Exorcism\"\" and \"\"The Last Exorcism Part II\"\". Ashley Bell was born in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Victoria Carroll, an actress, and Michael Bell, an actor. Ashley attended the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University and graduated in 2007 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree. Following a string of film and television appearances on \"\"Boston Public\"\", \"\"\"\", the Mark Polish-penned \"\"Stay Cool\"\" and a four episode arc on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8992439", "chunk_text": "\"The Last Exorcism Part II\"\nThe Last Exorcism Part II The Last Exorcism Part II is a 2013 American supernatural drama horror film co-written and directed by Ed Gass-Donnelly. It stars Ashley Bell, Julia Garner, Spencer Treat Clark, David Jensen, Tarra Riggs, Louis Herthum, and Muse Watson. It is a sequel to 2010's \"\"The Last Exorcism\"\", and released on March 1, 2013. The film follows Nell Sweetzer as she attempts to recover from her past experiences and start her life anew. Nell then starts to realize that the demon that previously possessed her has come back for her. Unlike its predecessor, it is not presented", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12658907", "chunk_text": "\"Scream queen\"\nFarmiga and Taissa Farmiga, Emma Roberts, and Maika Monroe have also built careers in the horror genre. Moretz is known for her roles in remakes such as \"\"Let Me In\"\" (2010), \"\"Dark Shadows\"\" (2012), \"\"Carrie\"\" (2013), and \"\"Suspiria\"\" (2018), and also appeared in \"\"The Amityville Horror\"\" (2005), \"\"Room 6\"\" (2006), \"\"Wicked Little Things\"\" (2006), \"\"Hallowed Ground\"\" (2007), and \"\"The Eye\"\" (2008). Vera Farmiga had lead roles in \"\"Joshua\"\" (2007), \"\"Orphan\"\" (2009), \"\"The Conjuring\"\" (2013), and \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" (2016). Vera Farmiga also starred in the series \"\"Bates Motel\"\", a contemporary prequel to \"\"Psycho\"\". Taissa Farmiga starred in multiple seasons of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14460998", "chunk_text": "\"Maria Doyle Kennedy\"\nalso appeared as Jupiter's mother Aleksa in The Wachowskis' 2015 film \"\"Jupiter Ascending\"\". In 2016, Doyle Kennedy starred as Penny in the film \"\"Sing Street\"\", which made its debut at South by Southwest. She appeared in the 2016 sequel to the supernatural horror film \"\"The Conjuring\"\", entitled \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\". On 12 April 2016, Doyle Kennedy was announced as having been cast as Roisin Kelly in the 2017 six-part miniseries \"\"Redwater\"\", which began airing on 18 May 2017 on BBC One. In 2017, Doyle Kennedy was cast as Jocasta MacKenzie Cameron in the fourth season of the Starz TV series", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4107736", "chunk_text": "\"Vera Farmiga on screen and stage\"\nand the Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture. Also in 2011, she starred in the science fiction film \"\"Source Code\"\". The following year, she appeared in the action thriller \"\"Safe House\"\" (2012) and the comedy-drama \"\"Goats\"\" (2012). In 2013, Farmiga starred as Lorraine Warren in the horror film \"\"The Conjuring\"\", for which she was nominated for the MTV Movie Award for Best Scared-As-Shit Performance. The following year, she starred in the drama \"\"The Judge\"\" (2014). In 2016, Farmiga reprised her role as Lorraine Warren in the horror sequel \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" and co-starred in the satirical comedy \"\"Special", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17793062", "chunk_text": "\"Lisa Wilcox\"\n\"\"The Possessed\"\", and \"\"Kecksburg\"\". In 2000, Wilcox and \"\"A Nightmare On Elm Street 4\"\" co-star Tuesday Knight founded a footwear jewelry retailer company called ToeBrights which is still in business today. Lisa Wilcox Lisa E. Wilcox (born April 27, 1964) is an American actress, designer, and former model. She is best known for her role as Alice Johnson in Renny Harlin's \"\"\"\" (1988), a role she later reprised in Stephen Hopkins sequel \"\"\"\" (1989). She subsequently appeared in the films \"\"Men Seeking Women\"\" (1997), \"\"Watchers Reborn\"\" (1998), and \"\"The Church\"\" (2018). In addition to screen acting, Wilcox has worked as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7293932", "chunk_text": "\"Annabelle Wallis\"\nAnnabelle Wallis Annabelle Frances Wallis (born 5 September 1984) is an English actress who has played Jane Seymour in Showtime's period drama \"\"The Tudors\"\" (2009–2010), Grace Shelby in the BBC drama \"\"Peaky Blinders\"\" (2013–2016), Mia in the supernatural horror film \"\"Annabelle\"\" (2014) and Jenny Halsey in the supernatural adventure film \"\"The Mummy\"\" (2017). Wallis was born in Oxford, England, but she spent much of her childhood in Portugal. She attended the Saint Dominic's International School in São Domingos de Rana, Cascais, near Lisbon. She speaks fluent English and Portuguese. Wallis also speaks some French and Spanish. In Portugal, she did", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12405970", "chunk_text": "\"Franka Potente\"\nto the big screen in the horror sequel \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" as real-life German-British parapsychologist Anita Gregory, who investigated the Enfield Poltergeist case in the late 20th century. \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" found her to be \"\"curiously sidelined for much of the action\"\", but with a worldwide gross of US$320.3 million, it emerged as Potente's most widely seen film. Also in 2016, she obtained the two-episode role of a \"\"calculated and determined\"\" Chief Inspector in the second season of the Canadian supernatural series \"\"Dark Matter\"\", and in 2017, she cast in a supporting role in the BBC period drama series \"\"Taboo\"\",", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8701315", "chunk_text": "\"Annabelle: Creation\"\nlife that would lead me to believe they exist\"\". Sandberg reported that actress Stephanie Sigman, who played Sister Charlotte, was \"\"a little bit freaked out by that doll\"\" and, after hearing that a priest had blessed the set of \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\", requested the same ritual be performed for this film. In July 2017, Warner Bros. Pictures, in conjunction with James Wan, announced the \"\"My Annabelle Creation\"\" competition as promotion for the then-upcoming film \"\"Annabelle: Creation\"\". Participants of the competition were to shoot a short film which would \"\"feel like (it) could exist within the established \"\"Conjuring\"\" world\"\", with the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15481625", "chunk_text": "\"The Conjuring 2\"\nphotography for \"\"The Conjuring 2\"\" began on September 21, 2015, in Los Angeles, California. Due to an inexplicable series of events during production of the first film, a priest from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Fe was brought in to bless the set of the sequel by the film's producers. Production moved to London on November 18, 2015, with filming taking place in and around The Warrington, a pub in the residential district of Maida Vale. On November 22, filming took place at Marylebone station. Filming concluded on December 1, 2015. Production lasted for 50 days, with 40 days", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19975352", "chunk_text": "\"Ashley Bell (actress)\"\nShowtime's \"\"The United States of Tara\"\". Bell made her feature film principal debut, starring as Nell Sweetzer, in the 2010 horror film \"\"The Last Exorcism\"\". Her performance garnered her a 2011 Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Ashley Bell (actress) Ashley Bell (born May 26, 1986) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Nell Sweetzer in the films \"\"The Last Exorcism\"\" and \"\"The Last Exorcism Part II\"\". Ashley Bell was born in Santa Monica, California, the daughter of Victoria Carroll, an actress, and Michael Bell, an actor. Ashley attended the Tisch School of the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7097486", "chunk_text": "Nun\nand \"\"Minsara Kanavu\"\" (church of south India). Many stories that have depicted nuns have gone on to critical and audience acclaim such as \"\"Sister Act\"\", \"\"\"\", and \"\"The Sound of Music\"\". These stories have been reproduced in both stage and film. Other examples of nuns in television and film include Sally Field in \"\"The Flying Nun\"\", Stephanie Beacham in \"\"Sister Kate\"\" and Meryl Streep in \"\"Doubt\"\". Miss Clavel in the \"\"Madeline\"\" books and TV series is the nun of a French catholic boarding school. Nuns have been used as antagonists in stories including Jessica Lange as Sister Jude in \"\"American", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3298	who has the most number one single hits?	n/a	[ "The Beatles" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3322423", "chunk_text": "\"Lists of UK Singles Chart number ones\"\nwith 11 songs topping the chart, just ahead of 1956, 1962 and 1992, with 12. The act that has achieved the most number ones is American entertainer Elvis Presley, who has topped the chart 21 times – Presley's second number one, \"\"Jailhouse Rock\"\" was the first single ever to debut at the top of the chart. The most successful band are The Beatles, who have achieved 17 number ones on the chart. The Beatles' first chart-topper, \"\"From Me to You\"\", reached number one in May 1963. In the 1970s the required number of sales needed to top the chart was", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "279175", "chunk_text": "\"European Hot 100 Singles\"\nGWR FM. The Eurochart quickly gained momentum, as it started to include more countries. In January 1986, \"\"Music & Media\"\" who published the chart became a \"\"Billboard\"\" publication. Since November 1986, the \"\"Music & Media\"\"'s Eurochart Top 100 was used as basis when \"\"Billboard\"\" itself started publishing the European Hot 100 Singles chart. Madonna is the artist which has scored the most simultaneous number-ones with seven singles and six albums, followed by Michael Jackson with five singles and three albums and Lady Gaga with three singles and one album. These songs are partly in English, but also partly another language.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8441231", "chunk_text": "\"Elvis Presley\"\nWhitburn has Presley also with 18, and thus tied for second; \"\"Billboard\"\" has him third with 17. Presley retains the record for cumulative weeks at number one: alone at 80, according to Whitburn and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; tied with Carey at 79, according to \"\"Billboard\"\". He holds the records for most British number one hits with 21, and top ten hits with 76. As an album artist, Presley is credited by \"\"Billboard\"\" with the record for the most albums charting in the \"\"Billboard\"\" 200: 129, far ahead of second-place Frank Sinatra's 82. He also holds the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3322422", "chunk_text": "\"Lists of UK Singles Chart number ones\"\n12 hit parade, which was topped by \"\"Here in My Heart\"\" by Al Martino. \"\"NME\"\"s chart was published each week in its eponymous magazine. The sources, in accordance with the official canon of the Official Charts Company, are the \"\"New Musical Express\"\" chart from 1952 to 1960; the \"\"Record Retailer\"\" chart from 1960 to 1969; and the Official UK Singles Chart from 1969 onwards. The calendar year that has featured the most UK number ones is 2000, which featured 42 singles reaching the top spot; the year with the fewest number ones is 2016, with 10 songs, followed by 1954,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3635626", "chunk_text": "\"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart\"\nvia way of Summer moving into a tie with Lopez in 2018; Guetta moved up later in the year due to having admitted to record under a alias, thus being credited as one artist. Pet Shop Boys leads among duo or groups with 11 number-ones, while Christina Aguilera and Prince are tied with 10 number ones. American singer, songwriter, and producer Madonna has achieved a record-extending 46 number-one songs on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Dance Club Songs chart. In addition to this feat, she also holds the record for the most chart hits, the most top-twenty hits, the most top-ten hits", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15068404", "chunk_text": "\"Elvis Presley singles discography\"\nselling artist of all time, with sales over 1 billion records worldwide in all formats (600 million in the United States alone). The number of hits Elvis Presley had in the US became a topic of discussion in several news articles when it was announced by \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine in April 2008 that Mariah Carey and Madonna had surpassed Elvis Presley in the number of \"\"Number 1\"\" and \"\"Top Ten\"\" hits, with 18 and 37 hits respectively. Analysts pointed out that the new records had been achieved by reducing Elvis’ numbers, by taking away previously counted \"\"Number 1\"\" hits, deeming double-sided", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18400716", "chunk_text": "\"UK Albums Chart\"\nvarious artists. The most successful artists in the charts depend on the criteria used. As of February 2016, Queen albums have spent more time on the British album charts than any other musical act, followed by The Beatles, Elvis Presley, U2 and ABBA. By most weeks at number one, The Beatles lead with a total of 174 weeks, and the most number one albums of all with 15. The male solo artist with the most weeks at number one is Presley with a total of 66 weeks. Presley also holds the record for the most number one albums by a", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5241617", "chunk_text": "\"UK Albums Chart\"\nsolo artist (13) and most top ten albums by any artist (53). Madonna has the most number one albums (12) by a female artist in the UK, though this includes the \"\"Evita\"\" film soundtrack which was a cast recording and not strictly a Madonna album. Adele is the female solo artist with the most weeks at number one, with a total of 37 weeks. Queen's \"\"Greatest Hits\"\" is the best-selling album in UK chart history with 6 million copies sold as of February 2014. Previous first-place holder The Beatles' \"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"\" is now in third-place after", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15068405", "chunk_text": "\"Elvis Presley singles discography\"\nhit single to now only count as one hit “single” rather than two hit “songs”. Both of these claims were disputed by music historian Joel Whitburn and Elvis Presley Enterprises. Whitburn lists Elvis as having 18 number 1 hits (placing him in a tie with Mariah Carey at that time) and 38 top ten hits (one more than Madonna at that time). Elvis Presley Enterprises claims Elvis had 40 top ten hits. The differences depend on whether a double-sided hit single is counted as one hit single, or two hit songs. Before the age of compact discs and digital music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19798860", "chunk_text": "\"Rod Stewart\"\nRod Stewart Sir Roderick David Stewart, (born 10 January 1945) is a British rock singer and songwriter. Born and raised in London, he is of Scottish and English ancestry. Stewart is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold over 100 million records worldwide. He has had six consecutive number one albums in the UK and his tally of 62 UK hit singles includes 31 that reached the top ten, six of which gained the #1 position. Stewart has had 16 top ten singles in the US, with four reaching #1 on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. He", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1881310", "chunk_text": "\"The Beatles\"\nartists, released in 2008 to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary. , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, with twenty. The Recording Industry Association of America certifies that the Beatles have sold 178 million units in the US, more than any other artist. They were collectively included in \"\"Time\"\" magazine's compilation of . In 2014, they received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Principal members Early members Touring musician Timeline The above albums were reissued on CD in 1987, followed by the 1988 compilations \"\"Past Masters – Volume One\"\" and \"\"Past Masters –", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8352980", "chunk_text": "\"Max Martin\"\nTaylor Swift's \"\"Blank Space\"\" (2014), and The Weeknd's \"\"Can't Feel My Face\"\" (2015). Martin is the songwriter with the third-most number-one singles on the chart, behind only Paul McCartney (32) and John Lennon (26). In addition, he has had the second most Hot 100 number-one singles as a producer, 20, behind George Martin, who had achieved 23 by the time of his death. In early 2013, his single sales were tallied by \"\"The Hollywood Reporter\"\" to be at over 135 million. According to \"\"Variety\"\", his net worth was approximately $260 million in 2017. The previous year he achieved approximately an", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9559287", "chunk_text": "\"Greatest hits album\"\none of the ten best selling albums in history. Greatest hits albums are typically produced after an artist has had enough successful songs to fill out an album release. Some artists, such as Selena, David Bowie, Cliff Richard, Mariah Carey, Madonna, Janet Jackson, Britney Spears, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, The Beatles, Kenny Rogers, Aerosmith, Kiss, TLC, Dolly Parton, Journey, Los Tigres del Norte, Queen, Kylie Minogue and Billy Joel, have released multiple greatest hits albums through their long careers. Some greatest hits albums are released only at the end of the artist or group's career. For example, My Chemical Romance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20027268", "chunk_text": "\"We Found Love\"\nthe record previously held by Madonna who managed the achievement in a time span of six years and nine months. In its sixth week on the chart, the song reached number one, giving Rihanna her eleventh number-one single and Calvin Harris his first number-one single in the United States thus tying her with Whitney Houston in fifth place for the highest amount of number-one singles in the 53-year history of the chart, behind The Beatles (20), Mariah Carey (18), Michael Jackson (13), and a fourth place tie between Madonna and The Supremes (both with 12). Rihanna also tied with Houston", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6504320", "chunk_text": "\"Cliff Richard\"\nalbums and EPs have reached the UK Top 20, more than any other artist. Richard has had 67 UK top ten singles, the second highest total for an artist behind Elvis. Richard holds the record (with Elvis) as the only act to make the UK singles charts in all of its first six decades (1950s–2000s). He has achieved 14 UK number-one singles, and is the only singer to have had a number-one single in the UK in five consecutive decades. Richard has never achieved the same impact in the United States despite eight US Top 40 singles, including the million-selling", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1930832", "chunk_text": "\"Single Top 100\"\nfirst record that got up again to number 1 was \"\"Soley soley\"\" by Middle of the Road late 1971. \"\"Geef mij je angst\"\" by Guus Meeuwis (in 2005) and 4 Minutes by Madonna featuring Justin Timberlake and Timbaland (in 2008) rose 3 times to number one. \"\"Blijf bij mij\"\" by André Hazes and Gerard Joling even rose 4 times to the top position in 2007. Year-end charts of the Single Top 100 and predecessors were compiled from 1970 until 1978 by adding up points. From 1978 onwards they have been compiled on the basis of record sales. Single Top 100", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4351378", "chunk_text": "\"Mylène Farmer\"\nMylène Farmer Mylène Jeanne Gautier (; born 12 September 1961), known professionally as Mylène Farmer (), is a Canadian-born French singer, songwriter, occasional actress, writer, and entrepreneur. She was born in Pierrefonds, Quebec, to a French family, and brought up in France. She has sold more than 30 million records in France and is among the most successful recording artists of all-time in France. She holds the record for the most number one hits in the French charts, with eighteen to date – eight of which were consecutive. Fourteen of her albums have also reached number one in France. Mylène", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "979461", "chunk_text": "\"Mariah Carey\"\nthe formula used on \"\"The Emancipation of Mimi\"\". Two weeks before the album's release, \"\"Touch My Body\"\", the record's lead single, reached the top position on the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, becoming Carey's eighteenth number one and making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history, pushing her past Elvis Presley into second place according to the magazine's revised methodology. Carey is second only to The Beatles, who have twenty number-one singles. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the Hot 100, tying her with Presley as the artist with the most weeks at", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3322421", "chunk_text": "\"Lists of UK Singles Chart number ones\"\nLists of UK Singles Chart number ones The UK Singles Chart is a weekly record chart which for most of its history was based on single sales from Sunday to Saturday in the United Kingdom. Since July 2014 it has also incorporated streaming data, and from 10 July 2015 has been based on a Friday to Thursday week. , 1319 singles have reached number one. The chart was founded in 1952 by Percy Dickins of \"\"New Musical Express\"\" (\"\"NME\"\"), who telephoned 20 record stores to ask what their top 10 highest-selling singles were. Dickins aggregated the results into a top", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16000271", "chunk_text": "\"The Beatles\"\nsold more singles in the UK than any other act. In 2008, the group topped \"\"Billboard\"\" magazine's list of the all-time most successful artists; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty. They have received seven Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. They were also collectively included in \"\"Time\"\" magazine's compilation of . In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17477348", "chunk_text": "\"Beerbongs & Bentleys\"\nHot 100 songs chart with nine songs in the top 20 of the Hot 100, shattering the previous record of six, which was shared by The Beatles and J. Cole. The Beatles held the record for 54 years, as they charted six songs in the top 20 on charts dated April 11 and April 18, 1964. J. Cole tied the mark on May 5, 2018. Malone also broke the record for the most simultaneous top 40 Hot 100 hits: 14. In the United Kingdom, \"\"Beerbongs & Bentleys\"\" debuted at number one, moving 46,000 album-equivalent units in its first week, with", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7790392", "chunk_text": "\"Billboard Hot 100\"\nMonday to Sunday cycle (previously Wednesday to Tuesday). A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by \"\"Billboard\"\" on Tuesdays. The first number one song of the Hot 100 was \"\"Poor Little Fool\"\" by Ricky Nelson, on August 4, 1958. As of the issue for the week ending on December 22, 2018, the Hot 100 has had 1,080 different number one hits. The chart's current number-one song is \"\"Thank U, Next\"\" by Ariana Grande. Prior to 1955, \"\"Billboard\"\" did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart; instead, they measured songs by individual metrics. At the start of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7626190", "chunk_text": "\"2010s in music\"\nso far in this decade (nine), spending 41 weeks at the top of the chart, followed by Katy Perry with 9 #1 singles at a 26-week reign and Bruno Mars with 7 #1 singles leading 32 weeks. Justin Bieber and Taylor Swift both have five #1 singles this decade so far, Bieber spending 23 weeks at #1 and Swift with 18 weeks. Adele followed with four #1 singles at her name spending 24 weeks at the top. Kesha earned three #1 singles this decade so far, spending 13 weeks at the top of the \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100. Among all those", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20483901", "chunk_text": "\"UK Albums Chart\"\n2000s and 2010s). The longest number one by a group is Simon and Garfunkel's \"\"Bridge Over Troubled Water\"\" which was no.1 for 33 weeks (13 of which were consecutive). The longest consecutive number one by a group was The Beatles' \"\"Please Please Me\"\", which held the top spot for a straight 30 weeks. The longest number one by a male solo artist was Elvis Presley with \"\"G.I. Blues\"\" which stayed at the top for 22 weeks (his \"\"Blue Hawaii\"\" album was also the longest consecutive number one album for a male artist with 17 weeks). Adele's album \"\"21\"\" has the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13766440", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nElton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight, 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums. John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive number one albums in the U.S., 58 \"\"Billboard\"\" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four which reached number two and nine which reached number one. His tribute single \"\"Candle in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9414670", "chunk_text": "\"UK Singles Chart records and statistics\"\nmusicians such as Clem Cattini who is reported to have played drums on over 40 number ones. The record for most non-consecutive weeks at number one is 18 by Frankie Laine's \"\"I Believe\"\" in 1953. It spent nine weeks at number one, dropped down for a week, returned to number one for six weeks, dropped down for a further week and returned to number one for a third time for three weeks. The longest unbroken run at number one is \"\"(Everything I Do) I Do It for You\"\" by Bryan Adams, which spent 16 consecutive weeks in 1991. Below is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6085266", "chunk_text": "\"Love on the Brain\"\na tie for third place with Michael Jackson, with whom, both had 29 top-ten singles. Rihanna became the artist with the third most top-ten singles in Hot 100 history, only behind Madonna (with 38), and The Beatles (with 34). It was also \"\"the second-fastest accumulation of 30 Hot 100 top 10s\"\", according to \"\"Billboard\"\" Gary Trust. In the issue dated March 25, 2017, the song climbed to number 5, becoming Rihanna's 22nd top five hit, leading her to break a tie for fifth place with Elvis Presley (who has 21 top-five hits). In November 2016, \"\"Love on the Brain\"\" entered", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "15604519", "chunk_text": "England\nFrederick Delius, Gustav Holst, Ralph Vaughan Williams and others. Present-day composers from England include Michael Nyman, best known for \"\"The Piano\"\", and Andrew Lloyd Webber, whose musicals have achieved enormous success in the West End and worldwide. In the field of popular music, many English bands and solo artists have been cited as the most influential and best-selling musicians of all time. Acts such as The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, Elton John, Queen, Rod Stewart and The Rolling Stones are among the highest selling recording artists in the world. Many musical genres have origins in (or strong associations with)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10337280", "chunk_text": "\"Paul McCartney\"\nnumber one. \"\"Hey Jude\"\" is the best-selling Beatles single, achieving sales of over five million copies soon after its release. In July 2005, McCartney's performance of \"\"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\"\" with U2 at Live 8 became the fastest-released single in history. Available within forty-five minutes of its recording, hours later it had achieved number one on the UK Official Download Chart. He was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to music. Paul McCartney Sir James Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17798633", "chunk_text": "\"UK Singles Chart\"\ncompiled its own chart based on an average of the music papers of the time; many songs announced as having reached number one on BBC Radio and \"\"Top of the Pops\"\" prior to 1969 are not listed as chart-toppers according to the legacy criteria of the Charts Company. The first number one on the UK Singles Chart was \"\"Here in My Heart\"\" by Al Martino for the week ending date 14 November 1952. As of the week ending date 20 December 2018, the UK Singles Chart has had 1347 different number-one hits. The current number-one single is \"\"Thank U, Next\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5657685", "chunk_text": "\"Dance/Mix Show Airplay\"\nchart, followed by Rihanna with 33 (9 on this chart) and Perry with 19 (including 4 on this chart) while achieving success at Pop and Rhythmic. As of 2018, Calvin Harris and Rihanna have accumulated the most chart toppers, with twelve number ones apiece. Rihanna was also the youngest artist on this chart to reach number one with \"\"Pon de Replay\"\" in 2005, when she was 16, while Harris leads among male artists. Madonna is the only artist on this chart to see seven singles all reach number one consecutively, making her the only artist on this chart to accomplish", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7906764", "chunk_text": "\"Elton John\"\nand sideman as a road-tour percussionist. Current members Previous band members Bibliography Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight, 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums. John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive number one albums in the U.S., 58 \"\"Billboard\"\" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four which reached number", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3635624", "chunk_text": "\"Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart\"\nArtists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart This is a list of artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\"\" Dance Club Songs chart. Madonna currently holds the record for the most number-one songs in the 41-year history of the chart, with 46 and is the artist with the most number-ones of any \"\"Billboard\"\" chart. The only other artists to have achieved more than 20 chart toppers are Rihanna (30) and Beyoncé (22). Janet Jackson has accumulated 20 number-ones during her career, followed by Katy Perry with 18. Mariah Carey and Kristine W are", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9414676", "chunk_text": "\"UK Singles Chart records and statistics\"\nweeks when only a top 50 was compiled followed by two more in the top 75) Top 40: \"\"My Way\"\" (75 weeks) Top 100: \"\"Thinking Out Loud\"\" by Ed Sheeran (95 weeks) Top 75: \"\"Rather Be\"\" by Clean Bandit and \"\"Thinking Out Loud\"\" by Ed Sheeran (73 weeks) Top 40: \"\"Thinking Out Loud\"\" by Ed Sheeran (54 weeks) The fastest selling single in chart history is \"\"Candle in the Wind 1997\"\" by Elton John which sold 1.55 million copies in its first week (it sold 658,000 on the first day of release, 13 September 1997). The fastest selling debut single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9913863", "chunk_text": "\"The Official Vodafone Big Top 40\"\nweek, and 98% of all albums. It is therefore subscribed to by the British music industry and wider media as the UK's official weekly measure of recorded music popularity. The song holding the record for most weeks at No.1 is \"\"Despacito\"\" by Luis Fonsi, Daddy Yankee and Justin Bieber with 11 non-consecutive weeks. The longest song to stay at number one consecutively is \"\"These Days\"\" by Rudimental, Jess Glynne, Macklemore and Dan Caplen (4 February - 1 April 2018). On 8 May 2016, a technical problem at Arqiva's satellite communication centre caused the IRN satellite feed, which would usually connect", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "10834510", "chunk_text": "\"Usher (musician)\"\nthe first 2010s artist to collect number-one singles in three consecutive decades ('90s,'00,'10s). He became the fourth artist of all-time to achieve that feat behind Stevie Wonder ('60s,'70s,'80s), Michael Jackson ('70s,'80s,'90s), Janet Jackson and Madonna ('80,'90s,'00s) and became the third artist in history to have at least one number-one single from five consecutive studio albums. On the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, Usher has 13 number-one singles tied with Michael Jackson and Marvin Gaye, the most of the 2000s with 8 number-ones, and set a \"\"Guinness World Record\"\" in 2010. Usher also has 14 number-one singles on the Rhythmic chart, 16", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11251051", "chunk_text": "\"John Lennon\"\nwas responsible for 25 \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100 number one singles as performer, writer or co-writer. \"\"Imagine\"\" topped the US singles chart compiled by \"\"Record World\"\" magazine, however, in 1971. Citations Sources John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon (9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, and peace activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music. He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership. Along with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group would ascend to worldwide fame during the 1960s. After the group disbanded in 1970, Lennon", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19820233", "chunk_text": "\"Cher singles discography\"\nand \"\"Baby Don't Go\"\"), from \"\"Bang Bang\"\" in 1966 to \"\"Believe\"\" in 1999, placing her in third place in that category as of May 2014, behind only Jackson and Carlos Santana. Cher has had a total of 15 number one hits and a total of 33 top ten hits on all \"\"Billboard\"\" charts combined. Cher's career as a recording artist spans six decades and is the only artist (counting Sonny and Cher's \"\"I Got You Babe\"\") to have a number-one single on a \"\"Billboard\"\" chart in each of those past six decades. This feat was accomplished when \"\"You Haven't Seen", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4764549", "chunk_text": "\"Elvis Presley singles discography\"\ndouble sided hit. This article lists Elvis Presley’s hits, both A-sides and B-sides, on the Billboard singles charts (Pop/Hot 100, Country, Easy Listening/Adult Contemporary, and Rhythm and Blues), as well as rival music publications, Cash Box and Record World. Another measure of an artist’s popular impact is sales. While Elvis is recognized by many in the recording industry as the best selling artist of all time, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the U.S. recording industry’s official certifying agent for sales, stirred up controversy in November 2007 when it announced that country singer Garth Brooks had become the best", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18355993", "chunk_text": "\"Pazz & Jop\"\n\"\"Who's Next\"\", while English singer Ian Dury and his band the Blockheads topped the first singles poll with \"\"Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick\"\" (1979). Bob Dylan and Kanye West topped the albums poll the most number of times, with four number-one albums each. West, in addition, won the singles poll of 2005. Music critic Robert Christgau oversaw the Pazz & Jop poll for more than thirty years; he also wrote an accompanying essay that discussed the poll's contents. Christgau's tenure as Pazz & Jop overseer came to an abrupt end when he was controversially fired from \"\"The Village Voice\"\"", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "14378529", "chunk_text": "\"Cultural impact of the Beatles\"\ncharts. In the United States for the years 1964 to 1966, the group achieved 12 number-one singles and nine number-one albums on the \"\"Billboard\"\" charts; by comparison, the Rolling Stones and the Beach Boys each had three chart-topping singles and one number-one album. In the US, in the case of singles for the decade, the Beatles headed Elvis Presley, Ray Charles, Brenda Lee, the Supremes and the Beach Boys; in albums sales, they were followed by Presley, Sinatra, Herb Alpert, the Kingston Trio and Andy Williams. The Beach Boys, along with the Four Seasons, were the only two American pop", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "5241622", "chunk_text": "\"UK Albums Chart\"\nAlbums Chart simultaneously, (altogether she had eleven albums in the Top 50 in one week). She is currently in fourth place for artists having the most simultaneous UK Top 40 albums, behind Elvis Presley and David Bowie who both tie for the most simultaneous Top 40 albums (twelve each, both immediately following their deaths in 1977 and 2016 respectively), and The Beatles who had eleven in 2009 when remastered versions of their albums were released. The fastest selling album (first chart week sales) is \"\"25\"\" by Adele. Released in November 2015, it sold over 800,000 copies in its first week.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2359975", "chunk_text": "\"Got My Mind Set on You\"\nlabel. Of Harrison's three number-one singles in the US, it was both the only song not written or composed by Harrison himself and the only one without religious overtones. It also was not only the last US No. 1 hit by Harrison, but also from any of the ex-Beatles (as of 2018) in the US. When the song hit No. 1, it broke a three-way tie among Harrison, John Lennon, and Ringo Starr, all of whom had two No. 1 hit singles as solo artists (discounting Paul McCartney's work with Wings). It also happened to be the No. 1 single", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11511448", "chunk_text": "\"4 Minutes\"\ntrack and complimented its music, which was compared to that of a marching band. Some reviewers, however, felt that Madonna sounded like a featured artist on her own song. The song peaked at number three on the US \"\"Billboard\"\" Hot 100, giving Madonna her 37th top-ten single, breaking the record previously held by Elvis Presley, as the artist with most top-ten hits. It remains Madonna's best-selling digital single in the United States, with sales of over three million copies. Internationally, \"\"4 Minutes\"\" topped the charts in 21 countries, including Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. The music", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7456327", "chunk_text": "\"Sean Garrett\"\nin fifth place on the \"\"Billboard\"\" list of producers with the most number one hits. Garrett is the first producer to achieve this measure of success in under a decade since George Martin, who produced 20 number one hits for The Beatles in 6 1/2 years from 1964 to 1970. He is also the only active hip hop producer that is mentioned on the Billboard list of producers with the most number one hits. Garrett is in a production duo with Swizz Beatz, and together they produced several Beyoncé Knowles singles: \"\"Ring the Alarm\"\", \"\"Get Me Bodied\"\", \"\"Upgrade U\"\", \"\"Check", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18297300", "chunk_text": "\"Hit song\"\ndigital downloads. 2011 was a record year for UK singles sales. Actual figures vary considerably depending on the time of year. In 2010 a number one single usually sold around 100,000 copies per week; sales of around 30,000 were often sufficient to reach the top ten, and a single selling over 6,000 copies could make the top forty. Record companies often release collections of hit singles by various artists as compilation albums, such as the \"\"Now That's What I Call Music!\"\" series. Well-known bands and artists also frequently release collections of their most popular singles as \"\"Greatest hits\"\" albums. Hit", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3666617", "chunk_text": "\"UK Singles Chart\"\nthe United Kingdom. The final number one on the UK Singles Chart to be based on sales alone was \"\"Gecko (Overdrive)\"\" by Oliver Heldens featuring Becky Hill. On Sunday 6 July 2014, the Official Charts Company announced that Ariana Grande had earned a place in UK chart history when her single \"\"Problem\"\" featuring Iggy Azalea became the first number-one single based on sales and streaming data. On 7 December 2014, Ed Sheeran's \"\"Thinking Out Loud\"\" became the first single to reach number one as a direct result of streaming inclusion. Despite Union J's \"\"You Got It All\"\" topping the Sales", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "18297296", "chunk_text": "\"Hit song\"\nHit song A hit song, also known as a hit record or hit single, is a recorded song or instrumental that becomes broadly popular or well-known. Although \"\"hit song\"\" means any widely played or big-selling song, the specific term \"\"hit record\"\" usually refers to a single that has appeared in an official music chart through repeated radio airplay or significant commercial sales. Historically, before the dominance of recorded music, commercial sheet music sales of individual songs were similarly promoted and tracked as singles and albums are now. For example, in 1894, Edward B. Marks and Joe Stern released \"\"The Little", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6504318", "chunk_text": "\"Cliff Richard\"\nCliff Richard Sir Cliff Richard, (born Harry Rodger Webb, 14 October 1940) is a British pop singer, musician, performer, actor and philanthropist. Richard has sold more than 250 million records worldwide. He has total sales of over 21 million singles in the United Kingdom and is the third-top-selling artist in UK Singles Chart history, behind the Beatles and Elvis Presley. Richard was originally marketed as a rebellious rock and roll singer in the style of Elvis and Little Richard. With his backing group, the Shadows, Richard dominated the British popular music scene in the pre-Beatles period of the late 1950s", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "13297050", "chunk_text": "\"One-hit wonder\"\nwonder in one such arena, but have multiple hits (or no hits) in another. In 2002, the American cable network VH1 aired a countdown of the VH1's 100 Greatest One-hit Wonders, hosted by William Shatner. It listed musicians with only one American hit, regardless of international success. The top ten consisted of: A 2006 television poll, conducted by Channel 4 in the UK, asked viewers to select their favourite one-hit wonder from a shortlist of 60. Respondents could also vote by e-mail to select a song that was not on the original list, if they so wished. The top 10", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]
test_3299	how does the cash cab guy read the questions?	n/a	[ "walkie-talkie and earpiece" ]	[]	n/a	n/a	n/a	[]	[ { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16458853", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nor Melewski will announce a Red Light Challenge. He or she reads a question that has multiple correct answers – usually four to seven – and the passenger(s) have 30 seconds to give those answers; they do not always have to give all of the answers. Since there is no penalty for an incorrect answer, giving all the correct answers in the allotted time is worth $250 – or $500 during Double Ride games – regardless of how many incorrect answers a contestant might also blurt out along the way. The contestant does not receive the extra $250 (or $500)", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 0 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403700", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nthe cab, and three (front, left and right) in the advertising shell on the roof of the cab showing the passing streetscape. The rear of the cab behind the seats contains ten recording decks and other production equipment. The lighting and the music that go off when contestants enter the cab consist of a switchboard that is connected to an iPod and the car stereo. The Video Bonus monitor is a DVD player that is embedded to the back of the front passenger seat. Some contestants are randomly picked as they walk along the sidewalk, while others are selected in", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 1 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403699", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nthe same rules as its New York counterpart, aired. The spin-off was cancelled after one season, but rerun episodes are aired along with \"\"Cash Cab\"\" episodes in syndication. Ben Bailey stated that the show was created during contract renewal negotiations. A support van tails the Cash Cab, containing producers and a camera crew for the various street shots. The staff provide logistical information and questions by way of a walkie-talkie and earpiece worn by the host. The Cash Cab is equipped with ten cameras: one on the host, three on the passengers, one pointing forward from the back window of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 2 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9759528", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Bailey\"\nBen Bailey Benjamin Ray Bailey (born October 30, 1970) is an American comedian, licensed taxi cab driver, and Emmy Award winning game show host and executive producer for Discovery Channel's \"\"Cash Cab\"\" in New York City. Bailey was born in Bowling Green, Kentucky and raised in Chatham, New Jersey. He was born the younger of two siblings. He attended Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, before moving to Los Angeles in 1993. Standing at , he was offered a job as a bouncer for The Comedy Store after bumming a cigarette from a man in the parking lot. According to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 3 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16458851", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nplay, and contestants who choose to play the game must stay in the cab until they reach their destination or get three strikes. For the first two seasons, the first four questions were worth $25 each, the next four questions were worth $50 each, and any question thereafter was worth $100. In \"\"Cash Cab: After Dark\"\" - and beginning with the regular episodes of Season 3 - all of the money values were doubled to $50, $100 and $200. Beginning in the fourth season, some games were designated as Double Ride games, making the question values $100, $200 and $400.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 4 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403690", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nStreet Shout-Out is included on a Double Ride. In the revived Cash Cab, the Mobile Shout-Out was replaced by the Social Media Shout-Out, in which Ben activates Facebook Live so that those on the site may help the contestant. Should the passenger(s) reach the destination without striking out, Bailey/Melewski offers a choice: the option of leaving the cab and keeping the prize money that they have won, or they can stay and try to double their money by risking it all on a Video Bonus question. Bailey/Melewski plays a video clip and asks the contestant(s) a single question based on", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 5 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16458855", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nShout-Out, the contestant makes a phone call to someone they choose by means of a cell phone - either provided by Bailey or Melewski - or one belonging to a contestant. The call can take up to a maximum of 15 seconds before the contestant has to give an answer, with the result being either additional money or a strike. The contestant may also elect to use a Street Shout-Out, in which Bailey or Melewski immediately pulls the cab to a curb so that anyone on the sidewalk can be asked for help, without any official time limit. A second", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 6 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16458863", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nadvance. Even so, those picked in advance are told that the cab is supposed to take them to the show on which they will appear. The cab turns out to be the show itself. Near the end of the game at the player's destination Ben Bailey or Beth Melewski appears to present the cash won. In reality, this cash is a prop and used for on-air purposes only. The winnings, which must be taxed, are sent via check. The Cash Cab in New York is a Toyota Sienna minivan with the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission call sign", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 7 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16458850", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nCab as ceiling lights and a fanfare plays inside, accompanied by the host's greeting. While the only rules given on-camera after the introduction and before asking \"\"Do you want to play?\"\" pertain to his or her driving and the \"\"three strikes and you're out\"\" rule, the contestants are also informed that once their traveling begins, the cab will not take detours of any kind unless directed by a police officer, stop sign, traffic light or other legal means of diverting traffic. Bailey or Melewski offers them the chance to get out of the cab if they do not wish to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 8 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8590037", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (UK game show)\"\nCash Cab (UK game show) Cash Cab is a game show that aired on ITV in the United Kingdom from 13 June 2005 to 29 June 2006. The original programme that launched the worldwide \"\"Cash Cab\"\" franchise, it was hosted by John Moody. The questions were asked in voice over style by Annabel Raftery. The show's host initially poses as an ordinary taxi driver and drives around the major cities of the United Kingdom in a cab. The show pays its passengers for correctly answering standard general knowledge questions. Contestants are recruited in advance but are not told that the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 9 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17961457", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nthe band Neon Trees and magicians Penn & Teller. The prizes are sometimes doubled in a \"\"Double Down Ride\"\", just like on the regular show. In the event they strike out or miss the Video Bonus question, their charities receive $500, though some celebrities decide to also chip in with the amount of money lost, out of their own pockets. On December 4, 2017, Discovery aired a special Celebrity Edition, where as the unsuspecting passengers hailed the Cash Cab, they were joined by celebrities to help them, featuring \"\"\"\" actor Scott Bakula, actor & comedian Gilbert Gottfried, and \"\"Friends\"\" actor", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 10 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403691", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nits content. If the question is answered correctly, the contestant(s) win double what they have earned so far, but if they are wrong, they lose all of their money \"\"at the very last moment\"\", as Bailey says, and \"\"leave with nothing but a cab ride\"\". Beginning in Season 4, this rarely occurring part of the show happens when randomly selected passengers are able to win double the amount of money of a normal game. The first four questions are worth $100, the second four are worth $200 and the rest until the end of the game are worth $400. The", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 11 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16458852", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nEach wrong answer earns the contestant(s) a strike. On the third strike, they forfeit all their winnings and Bailey or Melewski will immediately pull over and kick them out of the cab. Once players have exited the Cash Cab, a camera crew from the trailing production van is already on the street waiting to tape their departure. When a contestant has won at least $200 or $300 in a normal game or an After Dark game - or at least $400 or $600 on a Double Ride - and the cab is forced to stop at a traffic light, Bailey", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 12 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8590039", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (UK game show)\"\nthey'll need to travel to answer questions. The first five questions are relatively easy and worth £10 each, the next five are a little harder and worth £50, the next seven, even harder and worth £100, and any question after that is worth £500. If the contestant gets three questions wrong, they'll lose the money they have won up to that point and must leave the cab immediately. The host of \"\"Cash Cab\"\", John Moody, is a genuine qualified taxi driver, and has an easygoing presenting style. Cash Cab (UK game show) Cash Cab is a game show that aired", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 13 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20348356", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (Japanese game show)\"\nCash Cab (Japanese game show) Unlike most international versions, the value of each question is based on the number of correct answers, instead of the number of questions asked: The show uses video game-style \"\"lives\"\" instead of strikes; players start with three lives and lose one with each incorrect answer, and losing all three prompts the driver to pull over and kick the players out empty-handed. Players are given three \"\"Rescue Chances\"\", which are the counterpart to the US and Canadian versions' \"\"Shout-Outs\"\": At the end of the game, contestants are offered a \"\"Double-Up Chance\"\" similar to the US and", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 14 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8590038", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (UK game show)\"\nquiz will be taking place in the cab, so although the \"\"pick-ups\"\" are not as random as they appear on screen, the contestants are genuinely surprised when the taxi turns out to be the \"\"Cash Cab\"\". (This differs from some editions, most notably the Canadian and American versions, wherein the contestants are generally chosen at random and are usually asked on camera if they wish to play or not once the rules are explained to them.) The contestants tell the driver their destination before getting into the taxi and are not allowed to change it. They'll then have the distance", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 15 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9742002", "chunk_text": "\"Inside the Box\"\nto the left and right of \"\"The Box\"\". The contestant \"\"Inside the Box\"\" is given a basic category to indicate what kind of an answer is being sought (for example, \"\"Series\"\", \"\"Reality Series\"\", \"\"Male Actor\"\", \"\"Female Character\"\", etc.), a list of questions on a touch-sensitive screen and reads questions selected from the list to one of his/her two opponents. The opponents outside The Box are shown only a photograph and the name of the character/actor/show which is the correct answer on their monitor screens. The contestant in the booth has two minutes to determine the correct answer by alternately asking", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 16 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1744747", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Bailey\"\nBailey, he was telling stories with some comedians after hours at The Comedy Store when Skip E. Lowe, who was emceeing at the club, found his stories humorous and offered him an opportunity at stand-up. Bailey is the host of the American version of \"\"Cash Cab\"\", a TV game show played in a taxicab that Bailey drives around New York City, broadcast on the Discovery Channel. He also recently made an appearance on the new Shovio.com's \"\"TalkBackTV\"\". He narrated the Discovery Channel's series \"\"Smash Lab\"\". From 2011 to 2012, Bailey was the host of \"\"Who's Still Standing?\"\" on NBC. On", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 17 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20043426", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (Australian game show)\"\nKerley. Contestants are asked several trivia questions (mainly music questions) in various verbal, audio and video based questions for the duration of their taxi trip. After being asked 5 questions, players are asked to choose \"\"The Loot or the Boot\"\". Contestants have the opportunity to keep \"\"the loot\"\" they have won so far, or trade it all, depending on how many questions they answered correctly, for what is in \"\"the boot\"\". Boot prizes may be worth substantially more or substantially less than their current winnings. By choosing \"\"the boot,\"\" the contestant's winnings are reset to $0 and the prize is", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 18 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17204623", "chunk_text": "Shafted\nto how much money they are willing to risk for every question they get correct. If two or more pick the same bid, the one who locked their bid the fastest will get it and the next contestants bid will be $5 less to avoid two or more players having the same bid. During the set of questions, contestants buzz in for a chance to answer and win or lose their bidding amount for every question they answer correctly or not. After this, half of a question is read for the contestants where they must bid an amount to have", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 19 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20720583", "chunk_text": "Jeopardy!\nin the background. In the event that either the display or the pen malfunctions, contestants can use an index card and a marker to manually write their response and wager. Visually impaired or blind contestants use a Braille keyboard to type in a wager and response. Contestants' responses are revealed in order of their pre-Final Jeopardy! scores from lowest to highest. A correct response adds the amount of the contestant's wager to his/her score, while a miss, failure to respond, or failure to phrase the response as a question (even if correct) deducts it. The contestant with the highest score", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 20 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20045057", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (Canadian game show)\"\nChallenges\"\", and the \"\"double or nothing\"\" Video Bonus option at the end of each game. However, the Canadian version differs in its heavier focus on questions of science, technology, nature and adventure, as opposed to purely general knowledge. Regular questions are worth $25, $50, $100; while Red Light Challenge questions are worth $75. In the second season, a third \"\"life line\"\" was added: when contestants reach the $100 questions, they have the option to \"\"swap out\"\" a question, and the Cash Cab dispatcher will give them a new question. In the Cash Cab Vancouver season, bridge bonus was added, which", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 21 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096557", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nContestants who ultimately hailed the Cash Cab were not made aware that they were part of the game until they hired the cab and Bailey informed them of the show and its rules. On August 8, 2007, Discovery Channel began airing a spin-off edition of the program, \"\"Cash Cab: After Dark\"\", in which contestants were picked up near or after sunset as well as overnight and the cash value of the questions was double that of the regular version of the show. The questions were usually more difficult than the daytime version. According to \"\"Variety\"\", Discovery Channel initially ordered 40", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 22 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "16458854", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nif the 30-second time limit runs out; it is also not counted as a strike, and the contestant doesn't lose any accumulated money. While only one Red Light Challenge is usually played per game, beginning in Season 4 there are multiple Red Light Challenges during certain games – at least two per game – with the second for accumulating at least $1,000. Contestants have two forms of help known as \"\"Shout-Outs\"\" at their disposal during the game; each can be used only once, and neither may be used on a Red Light Challenge or a Video Bonus. In the Mobile", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 23 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20348357", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (Japanese game show)\"\nCanadian versions' Video Bonus, where they may risk their winnings on a final double-or-nothing question. If the players opt to take the chance, they pick one of three envelopes, each containing a different question which may vary greatly in difficulty. Like international versions, correctly answering the question doubles the player's winnings, while failing to do so means the player leaves empty-handed. Cash Cab (Japanese game show) Unlike most international versions, the value of each question is based on the number of correct answers, instead of the number of questions asked: The show uses video game-style \"\"lives\"\" instead of strikes; players", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 24 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "7096556", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nCash Cab (U.S. game show) Cash Cab (stylized as CA$H CAB) is an American game show that aired new episodes on the Discovery Channel from 2005 to 2012, with new seasons also in 2017 and 2018. It began airing on December 5, 2005, hosted by stand-up comedian Ben Bailey, and aired its last episode on September 28, 2012. The show was revived on December 4, 2017. It is part of the global \"\"Cash Cab\"\" franchise that originated in the United Kingdom. While Bailey's show took place in New York City, some episodes of season six took place in Las Vegas.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 25 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2353559", "chunk_text": "\"Matthew Lesko\"\nMatthew Lesko Matthew John Lesko (born May 11, 1943) is an American author known for his publications and infomercials on federal grant funding. He has written over twenty books instructing people how to get money from the United States government. Widely recognized for recording television commercials, infomercials, and interviews in colorful suits decorated with question marks, Lesko's signature fashion also extends into his daily attire and transportation, earning him the nickname Question Mark Guy. Lesko grew up in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Lesko received his undergraduate degree from Marquette University in Milwaukee, then went to Vietnam as a navigator for the U.S.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 26 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "9093005", "chunk_text": "\"Instant Cash\"\nand Marshall Jay Kaplan. A bogus ATM is secretly set up at a grand court in a Canadian shopping centre; this is home base for most of the game. The contestant or contestants are asked a series of multiple choice questions, with four possible answers. Every answer they correctly provide adds money to their winnings; just one incorrect answer forces them out of the game, but they keep their winnings up to that point. At certain points during the game (when the player or players have accumulated $150, $800, and $2,500), the ATM gives the contestant(s) a dare, which, if", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 27 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "2927292", "chunk_text": "\"Kabarkada, Break the Bank\"\ncontroversial and most talked about radio segment of DJ Twister, entitled \"\"Forbidden Question\"\". The caller answers a trivia question and can bid to add more money to the suitcase. Contestant can add a certain amount to what is inside the suitcase, and it is up to Mo to approve it, provided that the contestant can answer a rather easy trivia question. A question has a corresponding money prize. The money prize can be sponsored by a client. A man-on-the-street video recording is shown, offering the contestant prizes ranging from cash to simple funny things like a comb or a piggy", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 28 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "8227283", "chunk_text": "Cash4Life\nhost. Kaitlyn Cunning occasionally substitutes as the host for Cash4Life. Each drawing is supervised by an auditor from Hamilton, New Jersey-based Mercadien P.C., a CPA and Asset Management firm. Two drawing machines are used during each Cash4Life drawing. The larger machine (Magnum II) is used for randomly mixing the 60 white balls by using counter-rotating arms. The smaller machine (Messenger Single Digit) mixes the four green Cash Balls by using a clockwise rotating arm. Individually, the five white balls (several seconds apart), then the Cash Ball, drop through a hole at the bottom of the appropriate mixing drum. The drawing", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 29 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6176822", "chunk_text": "\"Billet reading\"\nenvelope of the plant. Throughout, the mentalist is \"\"one ahead\"\" in the envelope stack, pretending to be reading one while actually reading the next one. To disguise the reason for opening the envelope, the typical variation used by mentalists has the audience members write questions on their cards, which the magician will answer. The magician then starts by making a statement like \"\"I feel beautiful!\"\", expresses some confusion about why he would say that, and then opens the envelope to read the question, \"\"will the weather be nice tomorrow?\"\" (while actually reading the next card, \"\"what is my shoe size?\"\").", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 30 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20043427", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (Australian game show)\"\ntheirs to keep, even if they use up their three strikes. On rare occasions, the host may give an opportunity to the contestant to win some of their money back by doing a 30-second dare relating to their substantially less valuable \"\"boot\"\" prize. Contestants are entitled to two \"\"Shout Outs\"\", one 30 second phone call to a friend on the phone (a \"\"Mobile Shout-Out\"\") or to ask a passer-by off the street (a \"\"Street Shout-Out\"\") that they are travelling on. When contestants reach their destination, they are asked if they want to \"\"Double or Nothing\"\" in which they can choose", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 31 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19829949", "chunk_text": "\"Shell Quiz\"\nread the questions and provided commentary, assuming a more informal style than the university instructors previously did. This role was fulfilled by Suphajon Klinsuwan, former Nation Channel reporter. A panel of three judges scored the answers. Each match consists of four parts, namely: Questions and Answers, where general knowledge questions are asked; Watching and Listening, a video-based comprehension test; Pictorial Dictation, where contestants have to write down names of objects ranging from the common to the obscure; and the Word Clue Game, a word guessing game in which contestants give hints to provided words for their team mates to guess.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 32 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403698", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\nMatthew Perry. The show's tagline in the first two seasons was: \"\"There are 13,000 cabs in New York City, but there's only \"\"one\"\" that pays \"\"you\"\"!\"\" Starting in season three, the tagline was modified: \"\"There are 13,000 cabs in the streets of the Big Apple, but there's only \"\"one\"\" that pays \"\"you\"\"!\"\" On \"\"Cash Cab: After Dark\"\", the tagline is: \"\"Every night, 13,000 cabs hit the streets of the city that never sleeps, but there's only \"\"one\"\" that pays \"\"you\"\"!\"\" During Season 6 of \"\"Cash Cab\"\", a new spin-off series, \"\"Cash Cab: Chicago\"\", hosted by comedian Beth Melewski and using", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 33 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1403692", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (U.S. game show)\"\n\"\"Red Light Challenge\"\" is worth $500. The current record of $6,200 won on one ride is held by Sam Meyer (riding solo, on a Double Ride, taking and winning the Double-or-Nothing Video Bonus question) on the episode that aired May 18, 2009. This topped the old record held by contestants Sean Devney and Steve Irolla, two New York City tour guides who won $4,100 after answering the \"\"Video Bonus\"\" question correctly. They reached their final destination with two strikes (both on $200 questions). One episode of the program was a special celebrity edition, featuring actor Thomas Haden Church of \"\"Spider-Man", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 34 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "12080637", "chunk_text": "\"Matt McCarthy (comedian)\"\nAcademy. Described by \"\"The New York Times\"\" as a \"\"John Belushi-like madman\"\", McCarthy began performing standup comedy after graduating from Fordham University where he was the mascot, \"\"The Ram\"\", from 1999 to 2001. Studied improvisation at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in Chelsea. McCarthy is known for having red hair and, often, a beard. He portrayed \"\"The Cable Guy\"\" in a series of Verizon FiOs commercials. Appeared as a contestant on an episode of the television show Cash Cab, which aired on June 26, 2006. McCarthy hosted \"\"Action Pack\"\" on AMC with Nick Stevens. Coined the phrase, \"\"You have got", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 35 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6176823", "chunk_text": "\"Billet reading\"\nAs the questions may be impossible to guess, like a random person's shoe size, comedy or misdirection is often worked into the routine. For instance, \"\"a size larger than last year\"\" makes a reasonable answer to shoe size no matter who asks the question. Mediums may use the question and answer format as well, except that the questions are to be asked of the deceased, or perhaps are simply names of people to be contacted in the spirit world. There are numerous variations on the theme of reading sealed notes which use sleight of hand to achieve the basic effect.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 36 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6327140", "chunk_text": "Cabvision\non the network. The Know London channel delivers live news, weather, sport, business and a selection of London centric short films. The passenger is given choices both at the start and throughout the journey to select from the variety of channels via an arm rest remote control pad. The passenger may also pause or mute the screen. Taxi drivers are paid by Cabvision to run the system in their vehicles. The system is built into a PC located in the vehicle's boot running the Microsoft Windows XP operating system. The unit is designed to be housed in the new-style TX1,", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 37 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19775452", "chunk_text": "\"Loaded Questions (game)\"\nthem. Some of his question writing happens in a conventional work environment, as he sits in his office with coffee and sometimes \"\"Bailey's to keep me into it,\"\" but he said this isn't the only place where he finds himself inspired. The questions also just happen, where if I'm in my car, you know, someone might cut me off, and I'll think, \"\"What's the worst thing someone can do while you're driving?\"\" and I'll write that down in my car. So the questions happen all the time. He said he finds himself especially productive during pre-production time cramming, \"\"just like", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 38 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1744748", "chunk_text": "\"Ben Bailey\"\nMay 13, 2012, it was announced that the show would not be renewed for a second season due to high production costs. He does television commercials for Michigan electric/natural gas company DTE Energy and ALDI. As the host of \"\"Cash Cab\"\", Ben received Daytime Emmy nominations in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013 for \"\"Outstanding Game Show Host\"\", winning in 2010, 2011 and 2013. The show took home honors at the Daytime Emmy awards for Best Game Show in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Ben Bailey Benjamin Ray Bailey (born October 30, 1970) is an American comedian, licensed taxi cab", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 39 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "20045058", "chunk_text": "\"Cash Cab (Canadian game show)\"\ndoubles the score for the current question once per session. After returning to Toronto, a high five bonus was added, which doubles the score for the fifth correct answer in a row. The 8th season of Cash Cab aired in 2015, which features a new \"\"Triple Play\"\" component, where contestants have a chance to triple their winnings if they go for the Video Bonus Question, and only if they arrive at their destination strike-free. Over 200 episodes have been completed, plus a one-hour special. All episodes of Cash Cab were shot in Canadian cities, with all but 1 season of", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 40 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4494870", "chunk_text": "\"The Clinic (game)\"\ncard to see whether the player has given a Mad, Bad, Sad or Glad answer. The player who has answered then makes an answer on their clipboard in the appropriate section, Mad, Bad, Sad or Glad. Play continues until all players have been asked the set number of questions. At this point, players add up the marks on their clipboard in the four sections, which gives them a tally of Mad, Bad, Sad or Glad. For example, if a player has: Mad: 10 Bad: 5 Sad: 4 Glad: 11 Then their profile will be Glad, Mad, Bad, Sad, or GMBS.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 41 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1453038", "chunk_text": "\"Millionaire Hot Seat\"\n(shown on the right) and is reduced by one step for every wrong answer given. The traditional three lifelines are replaced by a single \"\"pass\"\" lifeline, which will pass the current question to the next contestant in line (who cannot pass that question further) and send the current contestant to the end of the line. Each question is given a time limit: with 15 seconds allocated for the first five questions, 30 for the middle five, and 45 for the last five. The timer starts after McGuire reads the question and the four possible answers. If a player fails to", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 42 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "6176825", "chunk_text": "\"Billet reading\"\nborrowed from similar routines performed by Steve Allen (\"\"The Answer Man\"\") and Ernie Kovacs (\"\"Mr. Question Man\"\"). Billet reading Billet reading, or the envelope trick, is a mentalist effect in which a performer pretends to use clairvoyance to read messages on folded papers or inside sealed envelopes. It is a widely performed \"\"standard\"\" of the mentalist craft since the middle of the 19th century. \"\"Billet\"\" is the French term for note or letter, referring to the rectangular shape of the paper. The mentalist provides paper, pencils and envelopes to the audience, who are asked to write statements on the paper", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 43 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "4157359", "chunk_text": "\"Tout le monde veut prendre sa place\"\nwho response with a touchscreen and a computer keyboard. Three of the questions are \"\"Duo\"\", three question are \"\"Carré\"\", and two questions are \"\"Cash\"\". Points are awarded as above. The ninth and final question is another \"\"Cash\"\" question, but it is different because each contestant receives his or her own question, selected by the champion. The champion is presented with four questions and chooses which contestant will answer orally. A correct answer is worth five points, but a wrong answer loses five points. It is therefore a way for the champion to help the most favorable contestants, the ones the", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 44 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "1298181", "chunk_text": "\"Quiz bowl\"\ncontinues to operate the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge (HCASC) for historically black colleges and universities. During a quiz bowl game, two or more teams of usually up to four or five players are read questions by a moderator. In most forms of quiz bowl, there are two basic types of questions: toss-ups and bonuses. Toss-ups are questions that any individual player can attempt to answer, and players are generally not allowed to confer with each other. Each player usually has a signaling device, also called a buzzer, to signal in at any time during the question to give an answer.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 45 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "3081285", "chunk_text": "\"Computer-assisted web interviewing\"\none answer can be selected for this type of question. Open-ended questions are those that allow respondents to answer in their own words. In an online survey, textboxes are provided with the question prompt in order for respondents to type in their answer. Open-ended questions seek a free response and aim to determine what is at the tip of the respondent's mind. These are good to use when asking for attitude or feelings, likes and dislikes, memory recall, opinions, or additional comments. The respondent is required to click inside of the text box to get the cursor inside the box.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 46 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "19454300", "chunk_text": "\"Jimmy Failla\"\nand appears as a podcast on iTunes. The current show lineup features Failla, award winning playwright Dean Imperial, Ken Wood, and semi-frequent contributions from Katie Dolan as well as the aforementioned Mr. Camp. Guests have included everyone from Academy Award Winner George Kennedy to Comedy Central's Chris Gethard. The programming format is geared towards societal elements of New York City, including, but not limited to, subway penis art, celebrity gossip heard in taxis, and a wildly popular advice segment called \"\"Ask A Cabbie\"\". Calls to the show routinely come from places as far away as Australia and as close as", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 47 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "11349434", "chunk_text": "\"Go Go Stop\"\nhost reads the question to them. Once the question has been read out, the player must run to the other end of the game zone and jump on a screen that says \"\"true\"\" or \"\"false\"\" and yell out the word. If they are correct, the player can jump on the screen they think has a prize. The player must yell \"\"STOP\"\" to reveal the screen. If it has a prize, the player wins it. If not, the category cannot be used again, and the contestant, if time permits, whether they have won a prize or not, can choose another category.", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 48 }, { "bge_score": null, "chunk_id": "17146776", "chunk_text": "\"Cards Against Humanity\"\nreads the question or fill-in-the-blanks phrase on the black card out loud. The other players answer the question or fill in the blanks by each passing one white card (or however many required by the black card), face down, to the Card Czar. The Card Czar shuffles all of the answers and shares each card combination with the group. For full effect, the Card Czar should usually re-read the black card before presenting each answer. The Card Czar then picks the funniest play, and whoever submitted it gets one \"\"Awesome Point\"\". After the round, a new player becomes the Card", "is_relevant": null, "oracle_score": null, "page_id": 49 } ]

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